DENR vs. YAP
G.R. No. 167707; G.R. No. 173775 8 October 2008 Nature:
G.R. No. 167707: Petition for review on certiorari of CA decision; and Special Civil Action in
the SC. G.R. No. 1777!: Prohi"ition# $anda%&s and N&lli'cation of Procla%ation No. 106(# ) *ct. +00) R... Ponente: ,. Re-es# R. Facts:
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GR 167707: o
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10-Nov-1978: 10-Nov-1978 : Pres. Marcos issue Proc!a"atio# 1801$ ec!ari#% &oraca'$ a"o#% ot(ers$ as a tourist )o#e * "ari#e reserves u#er t(e a"i#istratio# o+ t(e P(i!i,,i#e ouris" ut(orit' /P. 3-e,-1982: ssua#ce o+ P-ircu!ar 3-82$ 4(ic( i",!e"e#te Proc. 1801. Res,o#e#ts-c!ai"a#ts Ma'or ose . a,$ et. a!.$ !e +or ec!arator' re!ie+ 4it( t(e Ra!ibo$ !a# c!ai"i#% t(at sai Proc!a"atio# a# P-ircu!ar ,rec!ue t(e" +ro" !i#% a# a,,!icatio# +or uicia! co#r"atio# o+ i",er+ect tit!e or surve' o+ !a# +or tit!i#% ,ur,oses. OG o,,ose t(eir ,etitio# cou#teri#% t(at &oraca' 4as:
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Issue: Held:
R re#ere u%"e#t i# +avor o+ res,o#e#t-c!ai"a#ts$ i.e.$ i.e. $ Proc. 1801 a# P-ircu!ar 382 ,ose #o !e%a! obstac!e to t(eir !a#s$ a# u,(e! t(eir ri%(t to (ave t(eir occu,ie !a#s tit!e i# t(eir #a"e. a?r"e in toto. toto. @e#ce$ t(is ,etitio#.
GR 173775: o
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/1 # u#c!assie !a# o+ t(e ,ub!ic o"ai#$ /2 t +or"e ,art o+ t(e "ass o+ !a#s c!assie as ,ub!ic +orest$< 4(ic( 4as #ot avai!ab!e +or is,ositio# ,ursua#t to ec. 3 /a o+ P= 705 /Revise >orestr' oe$ as a"e#e (us$ 4(atever 4(atever ,ossessio# res,o#e#t-c!ai"a#ts res,o#e#t-c!ai"a#ts (ave ca##ot ri,e# ri,e# i#to o4#ers(i,. o4#ers(i,.
22-Ma'-2006 A Pres. Maca,a%a!-rro'o issue Proc!a"atio# No. 106B$ 4(ic( c!assie &oraca' i#to$ B00-(ectares o+ reserve +orest !a# /,rotectio# ,ur,oses$ a# 628.96(ectares o+ a%ricu!tura! !a# /a!ie#ab!e a# is,osab!e. 10-u%-2006 A Petitio#er-c!ai"a#ts =r. Or!a#o aca'$ et. a!.$ !a#o4#ers i# &oraca'$ !e 4it( t(e a# ori%i#a! ,etitio# +or ,ro(ibitio#$ ,ro(ibitio#$ "a#a"us$ a# #u!!icatio# o+ Proc. 106B. (e' a!!e%e a!!e%e t(at sai ,roc!a"at ,roc!a"atio# io# i#+ri#%e o# t(eir ,rior ,rior veste ri%(ts< ri%(ts< over ,ortio#s ,ortio#s o+ &oraca' a# t(at t(e' (ave bee# i# co#ti#ue ,ossessio# o+ t(eir res,ective res,ective !ots si#ce ti"e i""e"oria!.
21-Nov-2006: orere co#so!iatio# co#so!iatio# o+ bot( ,etitio#s$ 4(ic( ,ri#ci,a!!' i#vo!ve t(e sa"e issues o# t(e !a# c!assicatio# c!assicatio# o+ &oraca' C(et(er ,rivate c!ai"a#ts (ave a ri%(t to secure secure tit!es over t(eir occu,ie ,ortio#s i# &oraca' NO. G.R. No. 167707: =DON RDEDRD= a# D =D. G.R. No. 1777!: =MD= 1777!: =MD= +or !ac o+ "erit.
Ratio:
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&e+ore Proc. 160B$ &oraca' (a #ever bee# eF,ress!' a# a"i#istrative!' c!assie u#er a#' o+ t(e %ra# ivisio#s. t 4as a# u#c!assie !a# o+ t(e ,ub!ic o"ai#. Re%a!ia# =octri#e ictates t(at a!! !a#s o+ t(e ,ub!ic o"ai# be!o#% to t(e tate$ t(at t(e tate is t(e source o+ a#' asserte ri%(t to o4#ers(i, o+ !a# a# c(ar%e 4it( t(e co#servatio# o+ suc( ,atri"o#'. !! !a#s #ot ot(er4ise a,,eari#% to be c!ear!' 4it(i# ,rivate o4#ers(i, are ,resu"e to be!o#% to t(e tate. t eter"i#es i+ !a#s o+ t(e ,ub!ic o"ai# 4i!! be is,ose o+ +or ,rivate o4#ers(i,.
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s a%e#t o+ t(e state$ t(e %over#"e#t (as ,!e#ar' ,o4er to eter"i#e 4(o s(a!! be t(e +avore reci,ie#ts o+ ,ub!ic !a#s$ as 4e!! as t(e ter"s t(at %ra#ts suc( ,rivi!e%e$ #ot eFc!ui#% t(e ,!aci#% o+ obstac!es i# t(e 4a' o+ t(eir eFercise o+ 4(at ot(er4ise 4ou! be ori#ar' acts o+ o4#ers(i,. ,ositive act ec!ari#% !a# as a!ie#ab!e a# is,osab!e is reuire. # ee,i#% 4it( t(e ,resu",tio# o+ tate o4#ers(i,$ t(e ourt (as ti"e a# a%ai# e",(asi)e t(at t(ere "ust be a ,ositive act o+ t(e %over#"e#t /e.. ocial procla%ation2 ec!assi+'i#% i#a!ie#ab!e ,ub!ic !a# i#to is,osab!e !a# +or a%ricu!tura! or ot(er ,ur,oses. o overco"e t(e ,resu",tio# o+ tate o4#ers(i, o+ !a#s o+ t(e ,ub!ic o"ai#$ t(e ,erso# a,,!'i#% +or re%istratio# /or c!ai"i#% o4#ers(i,$ (as t(e bure# o+ ,rovi#% t(at t(e !a# subect o+ t(e a,,!icatio# is a!ie#ab!e or is,osab!e. #co#trovertib!e evie#ce "ust be estab!is(e t(at t(e !a# subect o+ t(e a,,!icatio#Hc!ai" is a!ie#ab!e or is,osab!e; suc( as: o o
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/1 ,ositive act ec!ari#% t(e !a# o+ t(e ,ub!ic o"ai# as a!ie#ab!e a# is,osab!e$ or /2 certicatio# +ro" t(e %over#"e#t t(at t(e !a# c!ai"e to (ave bee# ,ossesse +or t(e reuire #u"ber o+ 'ears is a!ie#ab!e a# is,osab!e.
# t(e case at bar$ #o suc( ,roc!a"atio#HeFecutive orerHa"i#istrative actio#Hre,ortHstatute or certicatio# 4as ,rese#te to t(e ourt. (ere is #o evie#ce ,rese#te s(o4i#% t(at$ ,rior to 2006$ t(e ,ortio#s o+ &oraca' occu,ie b' ,rivate c!ai"a#ts 4ere subect o+ a %ovt. ,roc!a"atio# t(at t(e !a# is a!ie#ab!e a# is,osab!e. bse#t suc( i#co#trovertib!e evie#ce$ t(e ourt ca##ot acce,t t(e sub"issio# t(at !a#s occu,ie b' ,rivate c!ai"a#ts 4ere a!rea' o,e# to is,ositio# be+ore 2006. Matters o+ !a# c!assicatio# or rec!assicatio# ca##ot be assu"e. (e' ca!! +or ,roo+.
