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Design of a Microstrip patch antenna using CST MicroWave Studio
Before going to the software environment, please complete your theoretical design calculations for your specifications as shown in the fig below.
The design formula as well as the resonant frequency for which the antenna is designed is given in the fig.
Now launch CST studio and select MicroWave Studio and press OK. Since Microstrip patch antenna is a planar antenna select Antenna planar in the template.
Go to edit menu and select the working plane properties. Give size as 100, width as 10 and change the snap width to 0.01 as shown below.
Before starting to design, specify the parameters u got from the theoretical design as shown below.
Given the values Lf=31.5 and Wf=8.7. note that all the parameters are in mm. Fi=12.5, Gpf=1, the thickness of the substrate h=4.5 and the thickness of the copper layer mt=0.1mm. (note: since this is for simulation purpose we are giving these values whereas the industrial standards for fabrication will vary) *(Also note that these values are given for the specified frequency to get the results shown here. You can design antennas for your specifications as well.) After completing the parameter specifications, turn on the local coordinate system from WCS menu as shown below.
To create the substrate, select brick and press escape key. A window opens as shown below. Give the name substrate. Width is considered along U axis. So give half of it along negative axis and half of it along positive axis.( Umin = -W & Umax = W) The same way specify Vmin as – L & Vmax as L. Specify the height of the substrate h along the positive W axis. Select the material as FR-4 from the material library. Press OK.
To create the ground plane for the antenna, rotate the substrate using the rotate icon given at the top. Go to the rear side of the substrate. Go to objects pick pick face. Select WCS and select align WCS with selected face.
Again select the face and select extrude function from the toolbar. Give the height of the ground as mt. Change the name to ground plane.
Now to design the patch, come back to the front face and align the local coordinate system to that face. Select brick and press escape and give it a name patch and specify the coordinates as shown in the fig.
Now we come to the most difficult part of designing the transmission lines. To create empty space in the patch. This calculation is done on paper and is shown in the fig below. Select the material as nickel.
The above window appears it is the Boolean window. Select the option and press OK. An empty space is created now. Create a Microstrip line using the calculation as shown in the fig below.
The brick coordinates are taken from the calculated fig and shown below. The material is copper.
Go to the folder component 1.
Now the patch and the Microstrip need to be added. Select patch, go to Boolean from the objects menu and select add.
And then click on Microstrip and press ENTER.
Now the design process is complete.
Now to simulate the Microstrip patch antenna, we must configure ports. CST offers two types of ports. Waveguide port and discrete port.
The port specifications are shown above. Select the Microstrip patch face where the the port has to be defined as shown above.
Now design the waveguide port as shown in the fig below.
The port is shown below
Now check the units from the solve menu.
Go to solve menu frequency select the range of frequencies. Specify Fmin as 0 and Fmax as 2 GHz. Go to solve field monitors. Select H-field/surface current and edit frequency as 1.8 and press apply, then press far field and specify frequency as 1.8 and press apply. Now press OK. The field monitors can be seen below in the menu.
Select solve transient solver. Press START button. (note: the simulation might take a long time depending on the speed of the computer) To see the 1D results select 1D results folder S dB. Select the return loss plot to observe the curve dips at 1.8 GHz. Select far field and see the far field results. The results are shown below. Observe the directivity and other parameters.
