1
Design of Offshore Platforms Lecture 1 Introduction
Outline 2
Introducing myself Course objectives Course syllabus Course application Class policies Reference books
Introducing myself 3
PhD, The University of Texas at Austin Research interests: Offshore Engineering Marine Hydrodynamics Sediment Transport Renewable Energy
FPSO
Offshore Engineering 4
Simulation of Platforms/Risers/Pipelines
Renewable energy 5
Danish west coast
Class time 6
Class times: Mondays, 6:00-7:30 pm TA Class times: Tuesdays, 6:00-7:30 pm
Course objective: 7
Introduces the student to loading, behavior, analysis
and design of offshore platforms
Description: 8
This is intended as an advanced course in the Marine Structures area. It is assumed that the students have the basic knowledge of the structural
analysis, marine hydrodynamics and steel structures design
The course focuses on design of fixed platforms and it only introduces the floating platforms.
Course Evaluation: 9
Term Project/Homeworks: 40% Final Exam: 60% Pop-up quizzes/ 5 Min. Presentation : Extra scores
Class policies 10
Original homework/project must be submitted by each student. The assignment will be graded for solution procedure, numerical results, clarity and appearance. Late assignments will not be accepted.
Course Outline: 11
کلیات مقدمه ،تاريخچه و معرفي صنايع فرا ساحل آشنايي با انواع سکوهاي دريايي کاربري ها ،عملکردها ،ويژگيها و ... معرفي سکوهاي ثابت فلزي و بتني -معرفي سکوهاي شناور
سکوهاي ثابت فلزي معرفي اجزاء سکوهاي ثابت فلزي معرفي سيستمهاي سکوهاي ثابت فلزي مزايا و معايب سکوهاي ثابت فلزي و موارد استفاده
Course Outline: 12
معرفي بارگذاري سکو بارهاي ثقلي :بارهاي مرده و زنده بارهاي عملکردي :وزن ماشين آالت ،نيروهاي عملکردي ماشين آالت، تغييرات حرارت ناشي از عملکرد ماشين آالت ،نيروهاي لوله کشي بارهاي محيطي :باد ،موج ،جزر و مد ،جريان ،تغييرات حرارت محيط ساير موضوعات: Marine Growth, Vortex Shedding, Wave Slamming بارگذاري زمان نصب بارهاي ويژه :زلزله ،برخورد کشتي ،انفجار ترکيب بارهاي طراحي
Course Outline: 13
آنالیز و طراحي سکوها مباني و معرفي آناليزهاي سکو معرفي آيين نامه هاي متداول طراحي ()DNV - Noble Denton – API-RP2A آناليز در زمان کارکردInplace : آناليزهاي زمان نصب: Loadout, Tow, Lift, Launch, Floatation & Upending آناليز تحت بارهاي ويژه: Fire, Dynamic Loading, Earthquake, Boat Impact, Explosion آناليز و طراحي اتصاالت لوله اي)Tubular Joints( : آناليز خستگي ) Wind & Wave Fatigue( :به روشهاي تخميني ،طيفي و ... آناليز و طراحي شمع ((Pile Design
Course Outline: 14
آشنایي با نرم افزارهاي آنالیز و طراحي سازه هاي فرا ساحلي سکوهاي شناور کليات تعاريف – کاربردها – روشهای طراحی
Main References: 15
Useful websites:
http://www.fgg.uni-lj.si/~/pmoze/esdep/master/wg15a/toc.htm
www.offshore-mag.com
ترجمه دكتر زين، طراحي و اجراي سكوهاي ثابت نفتي الديني سيامک خوشدل، مباني طرح و اجراي سكوهاي دريايي
Other References: 16
مهندسی سواحل بنادر و سازه های دريايی ،کبير صادقی سازه های دريايی ،سيف سازه های دريايی ،مهری ،گل افشانی
Other Reference: 17
S. K. Chakrabarti, 2005. HANDBOOK OF OFFSHORE ENGINEERING, ELSEVIER. B. C. Gerwick, 2007. Construction of Marine and offshore structures, CRC press. Ivar Holand, Ove T.Gudmestad and Erik Jersin, 2000. Design of Offshore Concrete Structures, Spon press. Patel, Minoo H., 1989. Dynamics of Offshore Structures, Butterwork & Co. Ltd. S. K. Chakrabarti, 1987. Hydrodynamics of Offshore Structures, Springer. Dawson, Thomas H., 1983. Offshore Structural Engineering, Prentice-Hall Inc. Hsu, Teng H., 1984. Applied Offshore Structural Engineering, Gulf Publishing Company. Robert T. Hudspeth, 2006. WAVES AND WAVE FORCES ON COASTAL AND OCEAN STRUCTURES, World Scientific Publishing Co. John B. Herbich, 1999. DEVELOPMENTS IN OFFSHORE ENGINEERING, Gulf Publishing Company. James F. Wilson, 2003. Dynamics of Offshore Structures, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Progress to deep water 18
offshore drilling and production of petroleum resources: Steady
progress to deep water1947-1998 Water depth: 6 m to more than 500 m
Design for waves loads 19
platforms
are designed for wave heights up to the order of 25 meters
Cost 20
Expensive
Structures
Platform Failure 21
It
requires a good estimate of environmental forces (wave, wind, current, …) to avoid failure.
ST 1
Lecture Objective
22
identify the basic vocabulary introduce the major concepts for offshore platform structures explain where the basic structural requirements for design are generated
Outline 23
Definition Application Importance basic steps in the development process major structural concepts Fixed Floating
major codes
Definition 24
Offshore Platform: a structure in the sea that does not have direct access to the land
Application of offshore platforms 25
Oil and gas industry Geotechnical surveys Offshore wind turbines Military purpose
Importance for Iran 26
Ranking of Oil/Gas recoverable reserves 1166
155
Importance for Iran 27
Most of Iran’s common reservoirs are offshore
Foroozan (common with Saudi) Arash (common with Kuwait) South Pars (common with Qatar)
Ranking of Oil Companies 28
1. 2. 3.
Saudi Armco NIOC Exxon Mobile
COST ASPECTS 29
The economic feasibility of an offshore project depends on many aspects:
capital expenditure (CAPEX), operational expenditure (OPEX) tax royalties
In a typical offshore field development the CAPEX is divided to:
1/3 on the platform 1/3 on the drilling of wells 1/3 on the pipelines
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL/GAS FIELD 30
Factors involved in the evaluation number
of wells required fixed or floated production facilities pipeline or tanker off-loading
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL/GAS FIELD 31
main technical activities prior to production: engineering
and design fabrication and installation drilling of production wells providing the off loading system Pipelines Tankers
Offshore Platforms 32
Includes Superstructure:
supports the equipments Substructure: withstand weight of superstructure + Env. Loads
Superstructure 33
design depends on capacity
of production type of reservoir
Substructure 34
design depends on Weight
of superstructure Environment water
depth at location soil, at sea-bottom and in-depth wind speed, air temperature waves, tide and storm surge, current ice earthquakes
Hydrocarbon Superstructures functions 35
Reservoir drilling Oil/gas production Oil/gas storage Personnel accommodation Flare Support bridges A combinations of above functions
2. Major structural concepts 36
Fixed Jacket Compliant
tower
GCS TLP
Floating FPSO Spar Semi-submersible
Fixed/Floating: Jack-ups
Water depth definition 37
h<1300 ft 1300 ft5000 ft
Shallow water Deep water Ultra-deep water
Platforms types versus water depth 38
Fixed Platforms 39
Jackets 40
majority of platforms are piled-jacket all built in steel
Gravity concrete structure (GCS) 41
North Sea
Compliant Towers 42
TLP 43
Floating Platforms 44
Semi-submersible 45
46
•Anchorage via 8 cable-chain system •Platform weight: 14000 ton 47
47
48
FPSO 49
Good for PG, WA, Brazil, Asia
OFFLOADING FLOATING HOSE REEL 50
FPSO
Spar 51
World's deepest platform 52
Perdido Spar in the Gulf of Mexico water depth of 2,450 m (8,000 feet) weigh around 55,000 tonnes
Transportation of Perdido 53
Jack-up Platforms 54
Construction 55
These factors combined with the size and weight of the items, require that a designer must carefully consider all construction activities between shop fabrication and offshore installation.
Codes 56
API-RP2A: worldwide leading structural code for jacket platforms Lloyds rules DnV rules 300-9 ايران
Certification and Warranty Survey 57
Government authorities require that recognized bodies appraise the aspects of structural integrity and issue a certificate Insurance companies covering transport and installation require the structures to be reviewed by warranty surveyors before acceptance
Certification and Warranty Survey 58
major certification bodies are: Det norske Veritas (DnV) Lloyds Register of Shipping (LRS) American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) Bureau Veritas (BV) Germanischer Lloyd (GL)
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL/GAS FIELD 59
initial phases which include seismic
field surveying one or more exploration wells are drilled (Jack-up drilling rigs are used for this purpose for water depths up to 100 - 120 m; for deeper water floating rigs are used) results are studied and the economics and risks of different development plans are evaluated
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL/GAS FIELD 60
Factors involved in the evaluation may include number
of wells required fixed or floated production facilities number of such facilities pipeline or tanker off-loading
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL/GAS FIELD 61
As soon as exploitation is decided and approved, there are four main technical activities, prior to production: engineering
and design fabrication and installation of the production facility drilling of production wells, taking 1 - 3 months/well providing the off loading system (pipelines, tankers, etc.)
Jacket Based Platform for Shallow Water 62
First the jacket is installed. The wells are then drilled by a jack-up drilling unit standing close by with a cantilever rig extending over the jacket Design and construction of the topside are progressed parallel to the drilling, allowing production to start soon after deck installation
UPPER PACK
63
CANTILEVER
LOWER PACK
Jacket and Gravity Based Platform for Deep Water 64
The wells are drilled from a drilling rig on the permanent platform Drilling starts after the platform is built and completely installed
Jacket and Gravity Based Platform for Deep Water 65
Consequently production starts between one and two years after platform installation In recent years pre-drilled wells have been used to allow an earlier start of the production
st 1
Lecture Summary
66
Class Policies/Syllabus/References Definitions/ structural concepts Basic steps in development process
Assignment 67
Read Section 1 to 3 of wg15a/l0100.htm#SEC_1
