Discovering Fiction 2nd edition

Discovering Fiction A READER

OF

N ORTH A M E R I C A N S HORT S TORIES

1

Online Instructor’s Manual 2nd Edition

P AR T O NE

C HILDHOOD M EMORIES

P AR T T WO

T HE U NEXPECTED

14

P AR T T HREE

T RAVELING T HROUGH T IM E

24

P AR T F OU R

T URNING P OINTS

31

P AR T F IV E

M EN

42

AN D W OMEN

Judith Kay Kay Rosemary Gelshenen

3

CAMBRIDGE

UNIVERSITY

PRESS

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press 32 Ave. Ave. of the Americas, New York, York, NY 10013- 2473 www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www www.cambridge .cambridge.org/555-5-559-21768-0 .org/555-5-559-21768-0 © Cambridge University Press 2013 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First Edition first published 2001 Second Edition published 2013 Printed in Hong Kong, China, by Golden Cup Printing Company Limited A catalog record for this publication is available from the British British Library

ISBN ISBN ISBN ISBN ISBN ISBN

978-1-107-63802-0 555-5-559-33268-0 978-1-107-65222-4 555-5-559-21768-0 978-1-107-62214-2 555-5-559-03087-6

Student’s Book Introduction Online Instructor’s Instructor’s Manual Introduction Student’s Book 1 Online Instructor’s Manual 1 Student’s Book 2 Online Instructor’s Manual 2

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel travel timetables and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter. Art direction, book design, editorial management, and layout services: Hyphen S.A.

CAMBRIDGE

UNIVERSITY

PRESS

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press 32 Ave. Ave. of the Americas, New York, York, NY 10013- 2473 www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www www.cambridge .cambridge.org/555-5-559-21768-0 .org/555-5-559-21768-0 © Cambridge University Press 2013 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First Edition first published 2001 Second Edition published 2013 Printed in Hong Kong, China, by Golden Cup Printing Company Limited A catalog record for this publication is available from the British British Library

ISBN ISBN ISBN ISBN ISBN ISBN

978-1-107-63802-0 555-5-559-33268-0 978-1-107-65222-4 555-5-559-21768-0 978-1-107-62214-2 555-5-559-03087-6

Student’s Book Introduction Online Instructor’s Instructor’s Manual Introduction Student’s Book 1 Online Instructor’s Manual 1 Student’s Book 2 Online Instructor’s Manual 2

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel travel timetables and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter. Art direction, book design, editorial management, and layout services: Hyphen S.A.

P A RT O N E

Childhood Memories CHAPTER 1

Eleven S ANDRA C ISNEROS

A P REPARING

TO

3 Story Preview

READ

PAGE 5

Possible answers: answers:

= frightened, afraid; nonsense = silly thoughts, foolish words or actions; scared = = behave as if something is true even though it is not; pretend = invisible = impossible to see

4 Words to Know

PAGE 5

Answers:

pretend; invisible; scared; nonsense

Chapter 1 Eleven

3

C U NDERSTANDING

S TORY

THE

1 Reading Comprehension

PAGE 10

Answers: 1. The story takes place in school. 2. Rachel is telling the story, and she is eleven. 3. It’s her birthday. 4. She thinks it belongs to Rachel. 5. The sweater is red, raggedy, old, and stretched out. It has a collar and plastic buttons. 6. She plans to throw it over the fence, or leave it on a parking meter, or toss it in the alley. 7. The teacher tells her to put on the sweater. Rachel puts it on and starts to cry. 8. Phyllis Lopez remembers that the sweater is hers. 9. Rachel feels sad. Her birthday has been ruined. 10. The rings of an onion or a tree are inside each other. Each larger ring surrounds the smaller, inner ones. On Rachel’s birthday, even though she expects to feel grown up, she still has the feelings of her earlier years (the inner rings).

2 Guessing Meaning from Context

PAGES 10–11

Answers:

1. lap; 2. squeeze; 3. scared; 4. itchy; 5. raggedy; 6. skinny; 7. invisible; 8. toss; 9. alley; 10. spit; 11. hiccups; 12. pretend

3 Word Forms

PAGE 11

Answers:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

wish

wish

wishful

wishfully

scare

scare

scary, scared

X

X

sadness

sad

sadly

X

stupidity

stupid

stupidly

X

loudness

loud

loudly

smell

smell

smelly

X

itch

itch

itchy

X

Answers:

wishes; wish

Chapter 1 Eleven

4

4 Grammar: Contractions

PAGE 13

Application Answers:

1. That’s, she’s; 2. would’ve, wasn’t; 3. It’s, wouldn’t; 4. I’m, doesn’t; 5. That’s, don’t, you’re; 6. sweater’s; 7. wasn’t; 8. There’s, Mama’s; 9. There’ll, it’s

D T HINKING C RITICALLY 2 Making Inferences

PAGE 14

Answers:

1. a; 2. b

3 Analyzing the Story: First Person Narrator

PAGE 15

Possible answers:

INFORMATION YOU LEARN AS NARRATOR

FROM RACHEL

INFORMATION ANY NARRATOR COULD GIVE YOU

Rachel’s ideas:

Rachel’s words:

You have other ages inside you.

“That’s not, I don’t, you’re not . . . Not mine.”

Grownups who cry maybe feel like they’re three.

“But it’s not – ”

Rachel’s feelings: She doesn’t feel eleven. She feels sick inside.

Rachel’s wants and wishes: She wants to know how to answer Mrs. Price. She wishes she were one hundred and two.

Rachel’s actions: She moves the sweater to the corner of the desk. She cries in front of everybody.

She wants to be far away like a runaway balloon.

Rachel’s way of looking at the red sweater: It’s itchy and full of germs. It’s so stretched out you could use it for a jump rope.

Chapter 1 Eleven

5

CHAPTER 2

The Blanket F LOYD D ELL

A P REPARING

TO

3 Story Preview

R EAD

PAGE 17

Possible answers:

nursing home = home for sick or elderly people; nuisance = an annoying person; fiancée = a woman who has formally promised to marry someone; blanket = a covering for the bed; reproaches = scolds, criticizes

4 Words to Know

PAGE 17

Answers:

nursing homes; nuisance; reproach; blanket; fiancée

C U NDERSTANDING

THE


S TORY PAGE 22

Answers: 1. He is being sent away because his son is getting married and the son’s fiancée objects to living with an elderly man. 2. Petey is eleven years old. 3. Petey realizes it when his Dad brings home the blanket for Granddad to take with him to the nursing home. 4. He pretends that he wants to go to the nursing home “where he’d be with so many other old fellows having the best of everything. . . . ” He says he wouldn’t want to be a nuisance or to be around when the babies arrive and have to listen to their crying. 5. She is hard and unfeeling. She resents the money Petey’s father spent on Granddad’s blanket. 6. Yes. After Petey told his father to cut the blanket in half, “Dad went over to Granddad and stood before him, not speaking. . . . And he heard Granddad whisper, “It’s all right, son – I knew you didn’t mean it. . . . ” And then Petey cried. But it didn’t matter – because they were all three crying together.”

Chapter 2 The Blanket

6


PAGES 22–23

Answers:

1. b; 2. c; 3. d; 4. b; 5. d; 6. b; 7. c; 8. a; 9. b; 10. c; 11. c; 12. a; 13. b; 14. a

3 Word Forms

PAGE 24

Answers:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

reproach

reproach

reproachful, reproachable

reproachfully

pretend

pretense, pretended, pretender

pretend, pretended

pretendedly

pain

pain, painless

painful, pained

painfully, painlessly

sleep

sleep

sleepy, sleepless

sleepily, sleeplessly

startle

startlement

startling

startlingly

intend

intent, intention

intentional

intently, intentionally


7

4 Grammar: Phrasal Verbs

PAGE 25


PHRASAL VERB

MEANING

SENTENCE

washed up

washed the dishes after eating

When they’d washed up the supper dishes they went out on the shanty porch. . . . (lines 8–10)

went out

left the house

sit up

stay up late

brought out

carry from one place to another

go away

leave

got up

rose from sitting or lying down

went into

But instead of the fiddle he brought out the blanket. (line 12) “And isn’t your father a kind man to be giving the old fellow a blanket like that to go away with?” (lines 15–16) “Oh, yes, it’s a fine blanket,” said Petey, and got up and went into the shanty. (lines 25–26)

entered

stood up

rose to a standing position

tuned up

adjusted the pitch of a musical instrument

moving into

He’d not be back till late, and they could sit up and talk. (lines 6–7)

going to live in a new home

The blanket slid to the floor as the old man took the fiddle and stood up. (lines 28–29) Granddad tuned up for a minute. . . . (line 30) It was as well Dad was moving into that new house, away from here. (lines 34–35)


8


PAGE 26

Answers:

1. c; 2. a; 3. c

3 Analyzing the Story: Poetic Justice

PAGE 27

Possible answers:

WHAT THE CHARACTER DOES

WHAT HAPPENS TO HIM OR HER AT THE END

Petey

shows his anger about Dad sending Granddad away

Granddad stays home with him and Dad.

Granddad

prepares to go to the nursing home

He gets to stay home.

Dad

gives his father a blanket to take to the nursing home

He quarrels with his fiancée, feels guilty when Petey wants to cut the blanket, and apologizes to his father.

CHARACTER

The fiancée

objects to the costly gift

She leaves in a huff and might not marry Petey’s dad.


9

CHAPTER 3

The Bracelet Y OSHIKO U CHIDA

A P REPARING

TO

3 Story Preview

R EAD

PAGE 29

Possible answers:

evacuated = taken away; camps = rough accommodations; aliens = foreigners; interned = confined; bracelet = piece of jewelry worn on the wrist

4 Words to Know

PAGE 29

Answers:

aliens; evacuated; camps; interned; bracelet

C U NDERSTANDING

THE


S TORY PAGE 36

Answers: 1. They live in Berkeley, California. 2. They have to leave their home because they are Japanese Americans, and the United States is at war with Japan. People of Japanese ancestry on the West Coast are being put in concentration camps by the U.S. government. 3. He is in a prisoner-of-war camp in Montana. 4. They can take only what they can carry. 5. They are assigned to live in a stall in a horse stable. 6. Ruri is upset because it was a parting gift from her best friend, Laurie. The bracelet is a symbol of their friendship. 7. Her mother tells Ruri that she doesn’t need a bracelet to remember Laurie.


PAGES 36–37

Answers:

1. droop; 2. drapes; 3. elegant; 4. oval; 5. stall; 6. cots; 7. suspected; 8. piled; 9. abandoned; 10. Irises; 11. enormous

Chapter 3 The Bracelet

10

3 Word Forms

PAGE 37

Answers:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

dangle

dangle

dangling

X

droop

droop

droopy

droopily

thrust

thrust

thrusting

X

drape

drapes, drape

draping

X

X

elegance

elegant

elegantly

abandon

abandonment

abandoned

X

pile suspect

pile suspect

piled suspect

X X

4 Grammar: The Past Tense: Simple Versus Continuous

PAGES 38–39


1. were you doing; 2. was studying; 3. was living; 4. came; 5. snowed; 6. was snowing, got; 7. cut, was peeling; 8. were talking, arrived; 9. was living, went; 10. started, was running; 11. was still raining, left

Editing Practice When I met my friend Blanca, she was studying to be an actress. She wanted me to study acting, too, but I didn’t believe I would be good at it. I knew Blanca was good, and I thought she would get a good part in some play and become successful. Then I didn’t hear anything from Blanca for a long time. Finally, she called to tell me she was taking classes and was going to become a teacher. When she called me, I was going to work and couldn’t speak to her. But she said she was doing very well so far in her studies.


11


PAGE 40

Answers:

1. b; 2. a; 3. a

3 Analyzing the Story: Setting

PAGE 41

Possible answers:

SETTING DETAILS There are armed guards and barbed wire at the gate. Ruri’s room and house are empty – no rugs, drapes, or furniture. The iris garden now looks shabby.

WHAT THE DETAILS TELL YOU ABOUT THE SETTING The camp is like a prison. Something has happened and the family has to move out of their home. Mama can’t take care of the garden and Papa is gone.

The Civil Control Station is filled with Japanese Americans, and soldiers with bayonets are standing guard.

People are scared about what will happen to them.

The bus to the camp passes a small boarded-up Japanese food store with a sign on the door that reads, “We are loyal Americans.”

In this frightening time, Japanese Americans have to try to let other Americans know they are loyal.

Their “apartment” is a dark, narrow stall with only three cots.

They will be living under very difficult conditions.


12

SUMMING UP

B R EVIEW 1 Idioms and Expressions Review

PAGES 42–43

Answers:

junk; fix it up; set up; come in handy; Never mind; go over; slip of paper; getting mad; huff

2 Form Review

PAGE 43

Answers:

I’m; can’t; haven’t; isn’t; aren’t; won’t; you’ll; I’ll; Don’t

Summing Up

13

P A RT T W O

The Unexpected CHAPTER 4

A Secret for Two Q UENTIN R EYNOLDS

A P REPARING

TO

3 Story Preview

R EAD

PAGE 47

Possible answers:

wagon = a vehicle with four wheels, pulled by a horse; route = the way from one place to another; reins = straps to guide a horse; stables = places where horses are kept; retire = stop working, usually because of old age

4 Words to Know

PAGE 47

Answers:

wagon; reins; stables; route; retire

C U NDERSTANDING

THE


S TORY PAGE 53

Answers: 1. Pierre doesn’t want to retire because he doesn’t want to leave his horse, Joseph. 2. He means that he has lost his sight and can’t see his horse. 3. He doesn’t hear the truck driver’s warning because he is sobbing after the death of his horse. 4. Only Pierre himself and his horse, Joseph, knew Pierre’s secret: that he was blind.

Chapter 4 A Secret for Two

14


PAGE 53

Answers:

1. wearily; 2. share; 3. complaint; 4. loaded; 5. cataracts; 6. stiff; 7. limped

3 Word Forms

PAGE 54

Answers:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

boast

boast

boastful

boastfully

complain

complaint

complaining

complainingly

retire

retirement, retiree

retired

retiringly

limp

limp, limpness

limp

limply

direct

direction

direct

directly

load

load

loaded

X

deliver

delivery

delivered

X

excuse

excuse

excused

X

skip

skip

skippable

X

4 Grammar: Prepositions of Place on, in, and into

PAGE 55


1. on; 2. on, on; 3. on; 4. in; 5. in, in; 6. into; 7. into, in

D T HINKING C RITICALLY 1 Discussing the Story

PAGE 56

Answers:

1. Jacques liked Pierre and wanted to help him. Most of the drivers had to make out the weekly bills and collect the money, but Jacques, liking Pierre, had always excused him from this task. (lines 67–69) “Pierre is a good man. . . . Would it be too bold of me to suggest that he be retired and be given perhaps a small pension?” (lines 80–82) 2. and 3. Answers will vary.


15

2 Making Inferences

PAGE 56

Answers:

1. a; 2. c; 3. b

3 Analyzing the Story: Foreshadowing

PAGE 57

Possible answers:

JOSEPH AND THE WAGON

PIERRE

JACQUES

Within a year Joseph knew the milk route as well as Pierre. (line 18)

“Why, a blind man could handle my route with Joseph pulling the wagon.” (lines 41–43)

“See how the horse listens and how he turns his head toward Pierre? . . . I think those two share a secret.” (lines 76–78)

Then Joseph, still without any direction from Pierre, would turn around and come back along the other side. (lines 35–37)

“And I cannot see Joseph again.” (lines 104–105)

Now Jacques looked into Pierre’s eyes and he saw something which startled him. He saw a dead, lifeless look in them. (lines 115–117)

For years Pierre had worn a heavy cap, the peak of which came low over his eyes. . . . (lines 113–114)


16

CHAPTER 5

Charles S HIRLEY J ACKSON

A P REPARING

TO

3 Story Preview

R EAD

PAGE 59

Possible answers:

kindergarten = class for young children, usually four and five years old; recess = a break between classes; tough = not sensitive; spanked = hit; influence = effect; PTA = Parents and Teachers’ Association

4 Words to Know

PAGE 59

Answers:

kindergarten, recess, tough, influence, spanked, PTA

C U NDERSTANDING

THE


S TORY PAGE 65

Answers: 1. Charles was fresh with the teacher (line 18); Charles hit the teacher (line 24); Charles hit a little girl (lines 34–35); Charles threw chalk (line 38); Charles yelled . . . (line 51); Charles kicked the teacher`s friend (line 76); He told a little girl to say a (bad) word (lines 111–112). 2. The teacher spanked Charles and made him stand in the corner (lines 18–19); She said nobody could play with Charles (lines 32–33); The teacher made him stay inside during recess (line 35); Charles had to stand in a corner during story-time (line 36); Charles wasn’t allowed to write on the blackboard (lines 37–38); Charles had to stay after school (lines 52–53); He wasn’t let do exercises (line 74); Charles stayed after school again (lines 82–83); Charles got his mouth washed out with soap (lines 123–124). 3. Laurie’s parents react with surprise, astonishment, and concern. 4. Laurie’s mother wants to attend the PTA meeting to find Charles’s mother (lines 108–109). 5. The surprise is that there is no Charles, and it is Laurie who has behaved badly.

Chapter 5 Charles

17


PAGE 65

Answers:

1. incredulously; 2. anxiously; 3. adjust; 4. abandoned; 5. insolent; 6. plotting; 7. remark; 8. transformed

3 Word Forms

PAGE 66

Answers:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

X

insolence

insolent

insolently

remark

remark

remarkable

remarkably

X

anxiety

anxious

anxiously

adjust

adjustment

adjustable

X

4 Grammar: Articles with Count Nouns

PAGE 67

Application Answers: 1. This is the first time the reader learns that there is a boy who got spanked. 2. The author suggests that the reader already knows that badly behaved children usually stand in a particular corner of a classroom. 3. The author has already mentioned the manner in which Charles left the house earlier. 4. The is used because the reader already knows the days of the week. 5. This is the first time the reader learns that the teacher has a friend. 6. The author has already mentioned the PTA meeting.


PAGE 68

Answers:

1. d; 2. a; 3. b

Chapter 5 Charles

18

3 Analyzing the Story: Characterization

PAGE 69

Possible answers:

LAURIE’S ACTIONS Laurie slammed the door.

Laurie threw his cap on the floor.

WHAT LAURIE LIED ABOUT The boy’s name is Charles. Charles made a little girl say a bad word.

Charles hit the teacher`s friend. Everyone had to stay after school.

HIS MOTHER’S FEELINGS

An era in her life is over.

Laurie has changed.

WHAT LAURIE TOLD THE TRUTH ABOUT Our teacher had a friend come to see her in school today.

A boy got spanked.

. . . and she said it and the teacher washed her mouth out with soap.

Chapter 5 Charles

19

CHAPTER 6

Two Thanksgiving Day Gentlemen O. H ENRY

A P REPARING

TO

3 Story Preview

R EAD

PAGE 71

Possible answers:

stuffs = eats too much; ragged = torn, worn out; feast = a special meal with very good food; philanthropist = someone who shows generosity toward other people, especially by giving money

4 Words to Know

PAGE 71

Answers:

philanthropist; ragged; feast; stuff

C U NDERSTANDING

THE


S TORY PAGE 77

Answers: 1. Stuffy Pete has his first meal at the home of two old ladies. He eats oysters, plum pudding, roast turkey, baked potatoes, chicken salad, squash pie, and ice cream. 2. The Old Gentleman takes Stuffy Pete to a restaurant for Thanksgiving dinner. They’ve maintained this tradition for nine years. 3. Stuffy Pete is taken to the hospital because he ate two large Thanksgiving dinners. 4. The Old Gentleman is taken to the hospital because he hasn’t eaten anything in three days.


PAGE 77

Answers:

1. c; 2. p; 3. n; 4. i; 5. m; 6. j; 7. d; 8. a; 9. o; 10. b; 11. l; 12. k; 13. f; 14. h; 15. e; 16. g

Chapter 6 Two Thanksgiving Day Gentlemen

20

3 Word Forms

PAGE 78

Answers:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

X

tradition

traditional

traditionally

X

pride

proud

proudly

shiver

shiver

shivering

X

starve

starvation

starving

X

discourage

discouragement

discouraging, discouraged

discouragingly

4 Grammar: Agreement of Verb and Subject

PAGE 80


Subject

Verb

Singular or Plural

1. They

were

plural

2. story

takes place

singular

3. appearance

was

singular

4. buttons

pop

plural

5. waiter

walks

singular

6. One

stops

singular

Editing Practice Answers:

Our Thanksgiving tradition is to have dinner at home. My mother and father shop for a turkey the weekend before the holiday. Both of them like to cook, and my sister and I help them. On Thanksgiving, we all get up early and begin to prepare the food and set the table. We usually sit down to eat about 2 o’clock. After the meal, my brother helps with the dishes, and my sister comes with me for a walk.

Chapter 6 Two Thanksgiving Day Gentlemen 21


PAGE 81

Answers:

1. d; 2. b; 3. c

3 Analyzing the Story: Theme

PAGE 82

Possible answers:

Stuffy Pete: Stuffy Pete eats Thanksgiving Day dinner. Every Thanksgiving he waits on the park bench for the Old Gentleman. This year he wants to keep their tradition even though he has already eaten a big dinner. He wants to make the Old Gentleman happy. The Old Gentleman: The Old Gentleman treats Stuffy Pete to a Thanksgiving Day dinner. Every Thanksgiving he goes to the park to look for Stuffy Pete. This year he wants to keep their tradition, so he has starved himself to save the money. The Old Gentleman is pleased to watch Stuffy Pete eat.

Chapter 6 Two Thanksgiving Day Gentlemen

22

SUMMING UP

A R EVIEW 1 Theme Comparison: The Unexpected

PAGE 84

Possible answers: 1. Chapter 4: Joseph dies. Chapter 5: Charles is Laurie. Chapter 6: Stuffy Pete is invited to Thanksgiving dinner at the two ladies’ house.


PAGES 84–85

Answers:

set out; have your hands full; panic-stricken; being fresh; music in her ears

2 Form Review

PAGE 85

Answers: 1. Joseph helps; Joseph and Pierre go; Joseph knows; He and Pierre are; Jacques and the president think; Pierre wants; they don’t understand 2. Laurie starts; Laurie throws; hits; He tells; the teacher punishes; Laurie’s mother finds 3. All have; Surprise endings are; One is; many use

Summing Up

23

P A RT T H R E E

Traveling Through Time CHAPTER 7

The Fun They Had I SAAC A SIMOV

A P REPARING

TO

3 Story Preview

R EAD

PAGE 89

Possible answers:

scornful = having no respect for something or someone that you don’t like, critical; mechanical = related to a machine; geared = gotten ready for a certain speed, time, place, or age; calculate = find out something or measure something using numbers

4 Words to Know

PAGE 89

Answers:

mechanical; geared; calculate; scornful

Chapter 7 The Fun They Had 24

C U NDERSTANDING

S TORY

THE


PAGE 94

Answers: 1. The story takes place in 2155. 2. It’s printed on paper; the books that Tommy and Margie are familiar with appear on the television screen. The book is about schools in the past. 3. They learn from telebooks and computers. They go to school at home and are taught by mechanical teachers. 4. She hates school. She doesn’t think it’s fun, and she’s doing badly in geography. 5. The County Inspector visits the house when Margie’s mother sends for him because Margie has been doing worse and worse in geography. 6. She hopes the mechanical teacher will be taken away. The inspector fixes the mechanical teacher by slowing down the geography sector. 7. In the beginning, Margie is scornful toward the book because she isn’t interested in reading about school. By the end, she’s curious about the schools of long ago and wants to read more about them.


PAGES 94–95

Answers:

1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. c; 5. b; 6. b; 7. a; 8. b; 9. a

3 Word Forms

PAGE 96

Answers:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

write

writing

written

X

mechanize

mechanics, mechanic

mechanical

mechanically

learn

learning

learned

X

progress

progress

progressive

progressively

disappoint

disappointment

disappointed

disappointedly, disappointingly

hope

hope

hopeful

hopefully

complete

completion

complete, completed

completely

specialize

specialty

special

specially

think

thought

thoughtful, thinking

thoughtfully


4 Grammar: Pronouns, Possessives, Demonstratives

PAGE 97


1. that, her; 2. he, his, him; 3. she, it; 4. I, you


PAGE 98

Answers:

1. a; 2. c; 3. b

3 Analyzing the Story: Dialogue

PAGES 98–99

Possible answers:

PLOT (MARGIE’S MARGIE

ATTITUDE TOWARD THE

TOMMY

BOOK AND SCHOOL IN THE OLD DAYS)

1. “What’s it about?” “What’s there to write about school?”

“School.” “This is the old kind of school that they had hundreds and hundreds of years ago.”

She’s scornful. She doesn’t like school, so she has no interest in the book.

“They had a special building and all the kids went there.”

She admits she doesn’t know about school long ago.

3. “And all the kids learned the same thing?”

“Sure, if they were the same age.”

She is getting more interested in the topic.

4. “Can I read the book some more with you after school?”

“Maybe.”

She now wants to read more in the book about schools long ago.

2. “Well, I don’t know what kind of school they had all that time ago.”


CHAPTER 8

The Mirror J UDITH K AY

A P REPARING

TO

3 Story Preview

R EAD

PAGE 101

Possible answers:

compliments = remarks that express approval, admiration, or respect; divorce = the end of a marriage by a legal process; rejection = when someone stops giving another person love or attention; wrinkles = lines on the skin that people get as they age

4 Words to Know

PAGE 101

Answers:

compliments; rejection; wrinkles; divorce

C U NDERSTANDING

THE


S TORY PAGE 108

Answers: 1. Elena remembers that being beautiful was a natural part of her life. 2. She feels like a beautiful princess in a fairy tale. 3. Her marriage ends. 4. Elena’s children remember her birthday. Her son, Alan, calls from Paris, and her daughter, Margaret, calls and sends a bouquet of yellow roses. 5. She takes a drive in the country. She buys herself a mirror. 6. When Elena looks at her reflection in the mirror, she looks happier and younger. 7. Answers will vary. Some students may notice when the owner of the hair salon thinks Elena has had plastic surgery; others may suspect when she craves the foods of her teens and spends a lot of time watching TV.


PAGES 108–109

Answers:

1. compliments; 2. rejection; 3. quaint; 4. balding; 5. ridiculous; 6. indulge; 7. grateful; 8. reflection

Chapter 8 The Mirror

27

3 Word Forms

PAGE 109

Answers:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

beautify

beauty

beautiful

beautifully

graduate prosper

X

X

graduate, graduation

graduating

prosperity

prosperous

prosperously

jealousy

jealous

jealously

marry

marriage

married

X

finalize

finality

final

finally

X

gratitude

grateful

gratefully

ridicule

ridicule, ridiculousness

ridiculous

ridiculously

express

expression

expressed, expressive

expressly, expressively

recur

recurrence

recurrent

recurrently

scare

scare

scary, scared

X

familiarize

familiarity

familiar

familiarly

4 Grammar: Count and Noncount Nouns

PAGES 110–111


1. girls; 2. noncount; 3. shops; 4. evenings; 5. owners; 6. watches; 7. mirrors; 8. noncount; 9. bouquets; 10. noncount; 11. drawers; 12. dreams;


28


It isn’t easy to find a good marriage partner. You want to be married to someone you can trust. Honesty is a particularly important quality in a husband or wife. But happiness doesn’t only depend on agreeing about the important things. Agreeing about little things is very important when you spend most of your time with someone. For example, food becomes important when you eat together every day. Do you and your partner like the same food? Cleaning the house is also important. Will you share this task? Responsibility for household chores is something you must agree on. Money can be a source of disagreement, too. Do you want to spend all your money or save some? Success in marriage depends on the small things as well as the large ones.


PAGE 112

Possible answers: 1. She enjoyed it when she was younger, and later it makes her happier when she sees herself in the mirror as young and beautiful. 2. Her life started to “go sour” when her husband left her. 3. The mirror makes Elena look happy and younger. The owner of the shop has never seen the mirror before, and his wife doesn’t remember it either. 4. He would probably think she was crazy. 5. The dream symbolizes her fears as a child of someone trying to hurt her. She dreams it again as an adult because she is returning to childhood.

3 Analyzing the Story: Symbolism

PAGE 113

Possible answers:

The mirror symbolizes . . . • the false reection of a person. The mirror shows Elena a reflection that isn’t her real appearance. • the attitude toward beauty and youth in our society. The hairdresser pays a lot of attention to her and compliments her “plastic surgery.” • Elena’s wish to be young, beautiful, and happy again. When she first sees her “improved” reflection in the mirror, she feels she absolutely has to have the mirror. • the need to be loved and accepted again. She finds the mirror in the same store that she had gone to with her husband many years earlier, when they were happy together. The mirror has roses on it, which symbolize love.


29

SUMMING UP


PAGES 114–115

Answers:

pretty as a picture; went sour; cast a spell; feeling blue; betcha; happily ever after

2 Form Review

PAGE 115

Answers:

problem (C), beauty (N), fear (N), loneliness (N), husband (C), friends (C), mirror (C), shop (C), trouble (N), mirror (C), magic (N), child (C), lesson (C), story (C), character (N), personality (N), appearance (N)

Summing Up

30

P A RT F O U R

Turning Points CHAPTER 9

You Go Your Way, I’ll Go Mine W ILLIAM S AROYAN

A P REPARING

TO

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PAGE 119

Possible answers:

eager = looking forward to, happy about; awkward = clumsy, uncomfortable; fault = responsibility, blame; disgust = intense dislike; compassion = sympathy and sadness for other people’s pain or bad luck and a desire to help them

4 Words to Know

PAGE 119

Answers:

compassion; eager; awkward; disgust; fault

Chapter 9 You Go Your Way, I’ll Go Mine

31

C U NDERSTANDING

THE


S TORY PAGE 124

Answers: 1. Homer has to deliver a telegram to Mrs. Sandoval. He is curious and nervous about how this woman will react to the terrible news that he’s bringing. 2. He thinks that she is beautiful – she looks patient and has a saintly smile. 3. She asks him to read it to her because she can’t read En glish. 4. She pretends not to hear. 5. He wants to please her, so he eats two pieces of candy. 6. When Mrs. Sandoval starts to cry, he feels very awkward. When she takes him in her arms, he feels wounded and sick. When he sits down, he feels both disgust and compassion. 7. He rides his bike quickly back to the telegraph office, crying and cursing all the way. 8. He knows his life has been changed by his experience with Mrs. Sandoval.


PAGE 124

Answers:

1. e; 2. i; 3. d; 4. g; 5. b; 6. k; 7. c; 8. l; 9. a; 10. h; 11. j; 12. f

3 Word Forms

PAGE 125

Answers:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

X

eagerness

eager

eagerly

murder

murder

murderous

murderously

X

gentleness

gentle

gently

shock

shock

shocking

shockingly

surprise

surprise

surprising

surprisingly

X

nervousness

nervous

nervously

X

strangeness, stranger

strange

strangely

X

compassion

compassionate

compassionately


32

4 Grammar: Adverbs Versus Adjectives

PAGES 126-127


1. knocked gently; 2. gentle . . . smile; 3. felt awkward; 4. standing awkwardly; 5. strange kind; 6. looked at . . . strangely


Last Saturday, our school held its annual talent show. In the morning, there was an art exhibit and in the afternoon students who could sing, play a musical instrument, or dance nicely performed in the auditorium. I got up late and had to move quickly to get to the art exhibit before it ended. Although many of the pictures were lovely, my favorite was a picture of a beach that was beautifully painted by a senior. Among the performers, I particularly liked a ballet dancer who was so graceful. I’ve always wanted to be a graceful dancer, but I’m not. I did get on stage, though. I sing with a group, and we performed a couple of songs. Our friends said we were great and sang terrifically – but we didn’t win first prize.


PAGE 128

Answers:

1. b; 2. c; 3. c

3 Analyzing the Story: The Parts of a Plot

PAGE 129

Answers:

Introduction: 5; Complications: (from bottom to top) 7, 1, 4, 3; Climax: 6; Conclusion: 2


33

C H A P T E R 10

Blue Eyes Far Away C OREY F ORD

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PAGE 131

Possible answers:

recklessness = without care; prosecutor = the lawyer that proves guilt; manslaughter = kill someone without intention; defense = the lawyer that proves innocence; convict = a judge decides on a punishment; witnesses = people that see a crime take place; trial = evidence of a crime is presented in court

4 Words to Know

PAGE 131

Answers:

prosecutor; convict; recklessness; manslaughter; defense; witnesses; trial

C U NDERSTANDING

THE


S TORY PAGE 136

Answers: 1. Her husband has been involved in a serious car accident. She seems quite calm. 2. Archie Stolt is charged with the crime of reckless driving and manslaughter. 3. Archie Stolt is not worried about being convicted of the charges. 4. Esther Lee was too far away from the scene of the accident. 5. Esther Lee saw the accident through a telescope.


PAGE 136

Answers:

1. gravely; 2. shabby; 3. reputation; 4. fumbled; 5. idly; 6. stir

Chapter 10 Blue Eyes Far Away 34

3 Word Forms PAGE 137 Answers:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

convict

convict, conviction

convicted

X

X

notoriety

notorious

notoriously

X

shabbiness

shabby

shabbily

idle

idleness

idle

idly

X

contempt

contemptuous, contemptible

contemptously

fumble

fumble

fumbling

fumblingly

tremble

tremble

trembling

tremblingly

4 Grammar: Regular and Irregular Verbs

PAGE 139

Application Possible answers:

1. convict, convicted, convicted; 2. shrug, shrugged, shrugged; 3. move, moved, moved; 4. clear, cleared, cleared; 5. live, lived, lived; 6. watch, watched, watched; 7. motion, motioned, motioned; 8. settle, settled, settled; 9. gaze, gazed, gazed; 10. fumble, fumbled, fumbled 1. arise, arose, arisen; 2. know, knew, known; 3. find, found, found; 4. is, was, been; 5. see, saw, seen; 6. do, did, done; 7. begin, began, begun; 8. go, went, gone; 9. bring, brought, brought; 10. have, had, had; 11. swear, wore, worn

D

T HINKING C RITICALLY

2 Making Inferences

PAGE 140

Answers:

1. c; 2. a; 3. c;


3 Analyzing the Story: Surprise Ending

PAGE 141

Possible answers:

EXPECTATION 1. Neighbors thought Mrs. Lee would be shocked when they told her the news about her husband’s car accident. 2. Esther Lee lives close to where the accident happened.

SURPRISE Esther Lee already knew her husband had been in an accident.

Esther Lee said her house was three miles away.

3. Esther Lee could not have seen the accident.

Esther Lee opened her purse and took out a telescope.

4. The court thinks Esther Lee is lying about seeing the crime.

Esther Lee is a witness. She saw Archie Stolt commit the crime of reckless driving.


C H A P T E R 11

Home G WENDOLYN B ROOKS

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TO

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PAGE 143

Possible answers:

homeowners = people who own their home; loan = money borrowed from a bank, loan company, or private person; extension = a longer time to pay back a loan

4 Words to Know

PAGE 143

Answers:

homeowners; loan; extension

C U NDERSTANDING

THE


S TORY PAGE 148

Answers: 1. They want to know if he got another extension on their loan. 2. They’ve been living there for more than fourteen years. 3. They talk as if they’ll be glad if they have to move. Maud Martha is trying not to cry and doesn’t talk very much. 4. Papa got the extension. 5. Helen plans to give a party.

Chapter 11 Home

37


PAGES 148–149

Answers:

1. b; 2. a; 3. a; 4. a; 5. c; 6. b; 7. b; 8. d; 9. a

3 Word Forms

PAGE 150

Answers:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

X

obstinacy

obstinate

obstinately

X

magnificence, magnifier

magnificent

magnificently

emphasize

emphasis

emphatic

emphatically

possession

possessive

possessively

possess hop

hop

hopping

X

hurl

hurl

hurling

X

stride

stride

striding

stridingly

emerge

emergence

emergent

X

burden

burden

burdensome

X

Chapter 11 Home

38

Future with Would and Might 4 Grammar: Future 151 1 Would and Might PAGE 15 Application Possible answers: answers:

SENTENCE

FUTURE SITUATION

They would be leaving this house in which they had lived for more than fourteen years.

If Papa doesn’t get an extension on the loan, the family will have to leave the house.

The tree, the graceful iron, might soon be viewed possessively by different eyes.

If Papa doesn’t get an extension on the loan, someone else will own the tree.

These things might soon soon be theirs no longer. “I have other friends that wouldn’t come come down this far for anything, unless they were in a taxi.” Tomorrow she might .

If Papa doesn’t doesn’t get an extension on the loan, they won’t have these things anymore. If they’re in a taxi, they’ll they’ll come.

If Helen annoys her tomorrow, she’ll attack her.

. . . all that cream-shot saffron would never drift across any western sky except that in back of this house.

If they move, they won’t won’t see the same colors in the sky.

The rain would drum drum with as sweet a dullness nowhere but here.

If they move, the rain rain won’t drum as sweetly.

“He wouldn’t want want the house, except for us.”

If Papa doesn’t doesn’t have his family, family, he won’t want the house.

“It might ,” ,” allowed Mama, “be an act of God.”

If they have to move, it will be an act of God.


PAGE 152

Answers:

1. b; 2. b; 3. c

Chapter 11 Home

39

3 Analyzing the Story: Surprise Ending

PAGE 153


PROBLEMS

IN THE STORY

1. Papa doesn’t have enough money to 1. Papa pay the loan.

Owners’ Loan may not not give 2. Home Owners’ Papa an extension.

3. The women in the story feel helpless as they wait for Papa.

PROBLEMS

IN EVERYDAY LIFE

In everyday life, many people have financial problems like this. Many people don’t have enough money to pay all of their bills. Banks and other lenders lenders are not not always sympathetic to personal problems. We often feel helpless waiting for a decision that we can’t control.

4. They may have to move.

People have to move away from places they love because of money problems, job transfers, transfers, etc.

might feel like a failure failure if they 5. Papa might lose the house.

Many breadwinners breadwinners feel like failures failures when they can’t earn enough money.

Chapter 11 Home

40

SUMMING UP

A T AK E

A

C LOSER L OO K

1 Theme Comparison: Loss

PAGE 154


Sandoval at first denies her son’s death, but then she breaks down. Esther Lee 1. Mrs. Sandoval tries to be brave and tells the court what she saw. Maud Martha keeps her thoughts to herself as her mother and sister try to build up defenses to prepare for the possible loss. 2. Homer eats the candy she gives him and stays in the house for a while. He lets Mrs. Sandoval hug him and pretend he is her son. 3. They are there for each other emotionally and physically. No matter what happens, they each know they have each other to turn to. 4. Esther Lee’s neighbors.

B R EVIEW Review view 1 Idioms and Expressions Re

PAGES 154–155

Answers:

sit down with; just as good as; Come right out; dragged on; drawn to; call on

2 Form Review

PAGE 155

Answers:

1. awkwardly; 2. suddenly; 3. good; 4. slowly, dangerous; 5. hardly; 6. respectfully; 7. positively

Summing Up

41

P A RT F I V E

Men and Women CHAPTER 12

The Woman Z ONA G ALE

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TO

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PAGE 159

Possible answers:

shabby = looking old and in bad condition because of wear and lack of care; compassion = pity; dying for = wanting something very much; patronize = behave toward someone as if he/she is stupid or unimportant; exasperated = feeling extremely annoyed or angry

4 Words to Know

PAGE 159

Answers:

shabby; dying for; exasperated; compassion; patronize

C U NDERSTANDING

THE


S TORY PAGE 164

Answers: 1. Bellard pities the older man on the porch because the man looks very poor, and Bellard expects to have a bright financial future. 2. His father’s bankruptcy leaves Bellard without a college education and with poorer job opportunities. 3. Lucile makes Bellard happy by her encouragement, her joy in living, and her love for him. She wanted most in this world to give her husband the gift of happiness. 4. Both his children are critical of him, and when his son takes over the business he treats Bellard badly. His daughter blames her mother for being too patient with him. 5. The story ends with Bellard and Lucile living in a small, shabby house. It’s a happy ending because although they are poor, their love for each other makes them happy. Chapter 12 The Woman

42


PAGES 164–165

Answers:

1. b; 2. c; 3. a; 4. d; 5. c; 6. d; 7. a; 8. c; 9. d; 10. a; 11. b; 12. d; 13. b; 14. a

3 Word Forms

PAGE 166

Answers:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

criticize

criticism

critical

critically

consider

consideration

considerate

considerately

X

patient

patience

patiently

silence

silence

silent

silently

X

fragrance

fragrant

fragrantly

brighten

brightness

bright

brightly

X

anxiety

anxious

anxiously

bankrupt

bankruptcy

bankrupt

X

4 Grammar: Possessive Nouns

PAGE 167


1. Bellard’s porch; 2. the children’s toys; 3. Frances’s/Frances’ apartment; 4. Lucile’s apron; 5. the boys’ school; 6. the President’s speech; 7. Charles’s/Charles’ wife; 8. the teachers’ lounge; 9. the women’s restroom; 10. your parents’ property; 11. people’s civil rights


PAGE 168

Answers:

1. b; 2. a; 3. c

Chapter 12 The Woman

43

3 Analyzing the Story: Cause and effect

PAGE 169

Possible answers:

CAUSE

EFFECT

1. Bellard’s father went bankrupt.

Bellard had to quit college and find a job.

2. His wife greeted him at the door with a smile of welcome and made his home life happy.

Bellard went home from work with a sense of happiness.

3. Lucile grew older.

She was no longer so beautiful, but she still had the same loving personality.

4. Sometimes he saw other women who were cynical, bored, or silly.

He thought about Lucile’s wonderful qualities, especially her hope.

5. Bellard thought he wasn’t good enough for Lucile.

He tried his best to prove that he was.

6. Bellard’s business failed.

His son took over.

7. Their daughter came home with her three children.

They brought with them noise and confusion.

8. A well-dressed young man looked at Bellard with pity.

Bellard smiled at him.

Chapter 12 The Woman

44

CHAPTER 13

The Tigress and Her Mate J AMES T HURBER

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TO

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PAGE 171

Possible answers:

set up housekeeping = started life as a newly married couple; mate = husband or wife; mean = unkind, nasty; blessed event = the birth of a baby; drown = kill someone by keeping him/her under water for too long

4 Words to Know

PAGE 171

Answers:

mate; set up housekeeping; mean; blessed event; drown

C U NDERSTANDING

THE


S TORY PAGE 175

Answers: 1. Proudfoot leaves the house early and comes home late because he is tired of Sabra. 2. He no longer calls her “Sugar Paw” or by her name. He just claps his paws or whistles when he wants something. He speaks to her in code. 3. He snarls. He hopes that they will grow up to be xylophone players or major generals. 4. He wants to miss their early years, until the males are old enough to box with and the females are old enough to insult. 5. He says he will drown the cubs if they keep him awake. After Sabra tells Proudfoot to leave, he tries to hit her but uses the wrong paw. The fight ends with Sabra hitting Proudfoot so hard that she kills him. 6. The children loved playing on the tiger rug, which Sabra made out of Proudfoot’s body.


PAGES 175–176

Answers:

1. b; 2. c; 3. a; 4. c; 5. d; 6. a; 7. a; 8. c

Chapter 13 The Tigress and Her Mate 45

3 Word Forms

PAGE 176

Answers:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

lengthen

length

long

lengthwise

insult

insult

insulting

insultingly

X

terribleness

terrible

terribly

X

eagerness

eager

eagerly

X

meanness

mean

meanly

X

swiftness

swift

swiftly

4 Grammar: Comparative Adjectives and Adverbs

PAGE 178


1. better, more expensive; 2. cloudier, hotter; 3. more beautiful, more dangerous; 4. prettier, more intelligent; 5. more exciting; 6. closer, better; 7. more difficult, poorer; 8. worse, more carelessly; 9. shorter, better, longer; 10. more important


PAGE 179

Answers: 1. (lines 6–7) “What the hell’s the matter with you? I bring you rice and peas and coconut oil, don’t I? Love is something you put away in the attic with your wedding dress. Forget it.” 2. c. (lines 21–23) . . . he spent his time fighting water buffaloes and riding around with plainclothes tigers in a prowl car. 3. if she was upstairs . . . ; “Love is something you put away in the attic. . . . ”; tumbled eagerly down the stairs. 4. b. 5. (lines 37–38) “He’s the tiger rug just in front of the fireplace.”


3 Analyzing the Story: Fable

PAGE 180

Possible answers:

ANIMALS

HUMANS

1. Proudfoot became tired of his mate.

Peter became tired of his wife.

2. merely clapped his paws 3. put down the Jungle News

merely clapped his hands put down ‘The Daily News’ (or any other newspaper)

4. I hope the cubs grow up.

I hope the children grow up.

5. He spent his time fighting water buffaloes.

He spent his time tracking down criminals.

6. riding around with plainclothes tigers 7. Proudfoot led with the wrong paw. 8. when the cubs tumbled eagerly down the stairs.

riding with plainclothes police officers Peter led with the wrong fist. when the children came running down the stairs


CHAPTER 14

The Kiss K ATE C HOPIN

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PAGE 183

Possible answers:

unattractive = not good-looking; ardent = loving, passionate; guile = dishonesty, trickery; intimate = having a very close relationship with someone

4 Words to Know

PAGE 183

Answers:

ardent; Intimate; unattractive; guile

C U NDERSTANDING

THE


S TORY PAGE 188

Answers: 1. Nathalie thinks Brantain is insignificant and unattractive. 2. She wants to marry him because he is very rich. 3. Harvy is a close friend of her brother. He causes her embarrassment by kissing her on the lips in the presence of Brantain. Harvy almost ruins Nathalie’s plan to accept Brantain’s proposal because Brantain leaves thinking she is engaged to Harvy. 4. Nathalie becomes very angry at Harvy because he may have ruined her plan to marry Brantain. 5. She seeks out Brantain to tell him that Harvy is only a friend of the family and that they have always been like brother and sister. She says that she cares very much what Brantain thinks of her. 6. He says that her husband sent him over to kiss her. 7. She is happy. 8. He says that he’s stopped kissing women because it’s dangerous, but we know that he doesn’t kiss her because he wants to show her that he isn’t going to be part of her “game.”


PAGES 188–189

Answers:

1. a; 2. c; 3. a; 4. a; 5. b; 6. c; 7. a; 8. a

Chapter 14 The Kiss

48

3 Word Forms

PAGE 190

Answers:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

defy

defiance

defiant

defiantly

glowing

glowingly

glow

glow radiate

radiance

radiant

radiantly

agitate

agitation

agitated

agitatedly

X

insolence

insolent

insolently

perception

perceptive

perceptively

perceive

4 Grammar: Uses of the Verb Do

PAGE 191


1. to form a negative; 2. to form a negative; 3. to form a question; 4. to avoid repetition; 5. to show emphasis; 6. to show emphasis; 7. to form a negative


PAGE 192

Answers:

1. c; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a

Chapter 14 The Kiss

49

3 Analyzing the Story: Irony

PAGE 193

Possible answers:

SCENE

WHAT DOES THE CHARACTER WANT OR EXPECT?

IS

THE RESULT WHAT

THE CHARACTER

WANTS

OR EXPECTS ?

Conversation between Brantain and Nathalie (lines 10–18)

Brantain: wants to propose Nathalie: expects he will propose

Brantain: doesn’t expect that Harvy will interrupt them and kiss her Nathalie: doesn’t expect that Harvy will arrive and kiss her

The kiss (lines 19–44)

Harvy: to have an intimate moment with Nathalie and make her happy

Harvy: discovers they are not alone, and Nathalie is angry with him

Nathalie: wants Harvy to kiss her Harvy: wants to teach Nathalie a lesson

Nathalie: doesn’t get kissed Harvy: teaches her a lesson

The encounter between Harvy and Nathalie at the wedding (lines 72–87)

Chapter 14 The Kiss

50

SUMMING UP

A T AK E

A

C LOSER L OO K

1 Theme Comparison: Marriage

PAGE 194

Possible answers: 1. Lucile loves her husband with all her heart and wants him to be happy. Their love is more important to her than money. Nathalie doesn’t love her husband at all. She just married him for his money. 2. Bellard loves his wife very much and enjoys the life they have together. Proudfoot doesn’t really love his wife. He doesn’t treat her very well, and he stays away from home as much as possible. 3. Brantain is abused by Nathalie in that she doesn’t really love him. She is willing to let another man kiss her on their wedding day.


PAGES 194-195

Answers:

extreme of the fashion; presence of mind; What’s the matter; uncalled for; torn by; take place; hit the sack; mean little; Forget it

2 Form Review

PAGE 195

Answers:

1. prettiest; 2. prettier; 3. better; 4. church’s; 5. worse; 6. more intelligent; 7. characters’

Summing Up

51

APPENDIX ELEMENTS

OF

A

S HORT STORY

Setting The setting of a story is the time and location in which it takes place.

Characters Characters are the people in a story.

Plot The plot consists of the events that happen in the story.

Conflict Within the plot there is a conflict, or struggle, between characters, between a character and the environment, or within a character’s mind.

Theme A story’s theme is the main idea that runs through the narrative. Sometimes a story has several themes.

E LEMENTS

OF

“E LEVEN”

Setting The story is set in an elementary school classroom in the United States at the present time.

Characters Rachel, an eleven-year-old girl; Mrs. Price, her teacher; other children in Rachel’s class, including Sylvia Saldívar and Phyllis Lopez

Plot On Rachel’s eleventh birthday, Mrs. Price asks the class who owns an ugly, old sweater. When Sylvia says it belongs to Rachel, Mrs. Price believes Sylvia and insists that Rachel put it on. Rachel becomes embarrassed, starts to feel much younger than eleven, and begins to cry. After a while, Phyllis remembers that it’s really her sweater. Rachel returns the sweater to Phyllis, but Mrs. Price doesn’t acknowledge her mistake or apologize to Rachel, whose birthday has been ruined by the incident.

Conflict Rachel knows the teacher is wrong, but she can’t assert herself. She is torn between obeying an older person in a position of authority – the teacher – and asserting herself.

Appendix

52

Theme(s) 1. 2. 3. 4.

children’s difficulties in asserting themselves with adults sensitivity of adults to children’s feelings and needs respect of adults for children’s knowledge of the world the powerful effect of a school and its teachers on children

E LEMENTS

OF

“T HE B LANKET ”

Setting The story takes place on the porch of an old house on a pleasant September evening.

Characters Petey, an eleven-year-old boy; Granddad, Petey’s grandfather; Dad, Petey’s father and Granddad’s son; Dad’s fiancée

Plot Granddad is going to be sent away to a nursing home because Dad’s fiancée doesn’t want an old man living with them. Petey and his grandfather are spending their last evening together. Granddad goes into the house to get his fiddle but comes out with a new blanket instead. As Granddad shows Petey the blanket – a gift from Dad – Granddad seems pleased with his son’s thoughtfulness. Overcome with sadness, Petey goes into the house to avoid crying over his grandfather’s leaving and comes out with Granddad’s fiddle. While Granddad is trying to cheer Petey up with music and encouraging words, Dad and his fiancée arrive. The young woman sees the blanket and complains that it’s too expensive. Petey angrily suggests a solution to the problem: He tells Dad to cut the blanket in half so that they can save it until Dad is old and Petey sends him away.

Conflict Petey’s father’s wants to please his fiancée but feels very guilty over sending his father away. Petey tries to hide his feelings of anger and sadness that his father is allowing his fiancée to break up the family. Granddad tries to hide his feelings of hurt and rejection that he’s being sent away.

Theme(s) 1. 2. 3. 4.

children’s ability to sometimes see things more clearly than adults lack of understanding between generations children’s and adults’ fear of separation issues of the elderly in society

E LEMENTS

OF

“T HE B RACELET ”

Setting The story is set in Berkeley, California, on April 21, 1942, a time during World War II when the United States and Japan were at war.

Characters Ruri, a teenaged Japanese-American girl; Mama, Ruri’s mother; Keiko, Ruri’s older sister; Laurie Madison, Ruri’s best friend; Mrs. Simpson, a neighbor; Mr. Noma, a friend of Ruri’s father Appendix

53

Plot Ruri, Keiko, and Mama are packing and getting ready to leave their home. Because they are Japanese and the United States and Japan are at war, the U.S. government is evacuating them to a concentration camp. Before they leave, Laurie comes to Ruri’s house to give her a gold bracelet as a farewell gift. Ruri promises she’ll never take the bracelet off. Although the camp looks like a prison, Ruri is excited to learn that they are going to live in an “apartment”; her excitement turns to disappointment as soon as she sees that they will be living in an area that was once a horse’s stall. Shortly after getting the stall cleaned and their cots set up, Ruri makes a terrible discovery: She has lost the bracelet that Laurie gave her. Ruri’s mother assures her that she doesn’t need the bracelet to remember her friend. And, indeed, Ruri never forgets Laurie.

Conflict The U.S. government distrusts the Japanese – even Japanese Americans, who were born in the United States. As a result, Ruri and her family receive unfair treatment and are forced to leave their home and live in camps until the end of World War II.

Theme(s) 1. the strength of the human spirit 2. people’s ability to remember those they love – even when there is no physical sign to remind them 3. the effects of racial/ethnic discrimination 4. the cruelty of war

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“A S ECRET

FO R

T WO ”

Setting The story takes place in Montreal, Canada, in the first part of the twentieth century.

Characters Pierre Dupin, a milkman; Joseph, Pierre’s horse; Jacques, Pierre’s boss; the president of the Provincale Milk Company; a truck driver; an ambulance doctor; some of Pierre’s co-workers

Plot Pierre Dupin has been delivering milk to the families on Prince Edward Street for thirty years. For the past fifteen years, Pierre and his wagon have been pulled by a horse named Joseph, who knows the route as well as Pierre does. Pierre and Joseph form a very special relationship – so special that Pierre doesn’t want to retire until Joseph does. One day Pierre comes to work and is told that Joseph has died. The old man is so upset that he fails to hear a truck when he steps into the street and is killed instantly. When the ambulance doctor discovers that Pierre has been blind for five years, Jacques and Pierre’s co-workers are very surprised. It was a secret shared only by Pierre and Joseph.

Conflict Although Pierre is offered the opportunity to retire, he prefers to continue working so that he can be with his dear friend, Joseph.

Appendix

54

Theme(s) 1. the special bond that sometimes forms between a human and an animal 2. the ability of animals to help disabled people 3. loyalty and affection between friends

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OF

“C HARLES ”

Setting The story is set in a kindergarten somewhere in the United States.

Characters Charles, a very young boy at school; Laurie, a classmate; Laurie’s mother and father

Plot When Laurie starts kindergarten, he goes home every day with a new story about a boy in his class called Charles. Charles is a tough character and does bad things. For more than a week Charles is good but then starts behaving badly again. Laurie’s mother worries that Charles is a bad influence on Laurie and talks to Laurie’s teacher. Laurie’s teacher tells his mother that there is no boy in her class called Charles.

Conflict Laurie is torn between being a good boy and being a tough character who behaves badly.

Theme(s) 1. 2. 3. 4.

children’s desire to try out different characters to test their parents’ reactions children’s ability to role play the influence of a peer group on children how parents worry about their children and what kind of people they will become

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OF

“T WO T HANKSGIVING D AY G ENTLEMEN ”

Setting The story is set on Thanksgiving Day in the early twentieth century and takes place in various places in New York City: a park, a restaurant, and a hospital.

Characters Stuffy Pete, a poor man; the Old Gentleman, an elderly philanthropist; a waiter; a doctor

Plot For the past nine Thanksgivings, the Old Gentleman has come looking for Stuffy Pete and treated him to a feast at a restaurant. This year Stuffy Pete has already eaten a large dinner, thanks to two women whose Thanksgiving traditions include feeding the first hungry person to walk by. Since Stuffy Pete doesn’t want to offend the Old Gentleman, he expresses his gratitude, and they go to the restaurant. The Old Gentleman doesn’t eat but simply enjoys watching Stuffy Pete stuff himself. As they leave the restaurant, both men collapse and are taken to the hospital. Stuffy Pete has overeaten, and the Old Gentleman is near starvation.

Appendix

55

Conflict Both Stuffy Pete and the Old Gentleman keep their secrets from each other in order to maintain their tradition, even though it means putting themselves at risk.

Theme(s) 1. a strong respect for traditions 2. the pleasure that can come from helping others 3. making sacrifices to please others

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OF

“T HE F UN T HEY H AD ”

Setting The story takes place in a home in the year 2155.

Characters Margie, an eleven-year-old girl; Tommy, a thirteen-year-old boy; Margie’s mechanical teacher; Mrs. Jones, Margie’s mother; the County Inspector

Plot In this futuristic story, children don’t go to school. Instead, they learn at home from computers called mechanical teachers. When Tommy finds an old book and shows it to Margie, she is scornful at first. The book is about school, and Margie has always hated school – and hates it more than ever since she’s been doing badly in geography. When Tommy explains that the book is about school in the old days when children went to a special building, had a person as a teacher, and were with other children, Margie becomes more and more interested. By the end of the story, Margie wants to read all about school in the old days, thinking that it was so much better than the school she knows – and that kids probably loved it and had a lot of fun.

Conflict Margie doesn’t like learning at home with her mechanical teacher and wishes she could go to “the old kind of school.”

Theme(s) 1. machines can’t always replace humans 2. the appeal of a simpler, more natural time

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OF

“T HE M IRROR ”

Setting The story takes place in a small town in Connecticut at the present time.

Characters Elena, a 55-year-old woman; Jim, Elena’s husband; the owner of Fanny Dolittle’s antique shop; Charles, the owner of a hair salon

Appendix

56

Plot The beautiful Elena has a wonderful life with her handsome, successful husband, Jim, and their children – until everything changes one day. With the children out of college and living on their own, Jim leaves Elena and they divorce. Elena finds herself alone on her birthday. Feeling depressed and lonely, she decides to spend the day in the country. When she stops at an antique shop that she and Jim had visited many years before, she buys a mirror that makes her look and feel happy and younger. The mirror seems magical as Elena starts looking younger and younger and more and more beautiful. Besides the physical effects of the mirror’s magic, Elena also begins to return to many of her childhood habits. By the end of the story, Elena has become the beautiful and young child that she had once been.

Conflict Elena is torn between the desire to look younger and the natural process of aging.

Theme(s) 1. some people’s refusal to accept the inevitability of aging 2. the temporary nature of physical beauty 3. the realization that physical beauty doesn’t guarantee lasting happiness

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OF

“Y OU G O Y OUR W AY, I’ LL G O M INE ”

Setting The story is set in a working-class home in Cal ifornia during World War II.

Characters Homer, a young man working as a telegram messenger; Rosa Sandoval, a Mexican American mother

Plot Homer feels a variety of emotions as he delivers a telegram from the War Department to Mrs. Sandoval to inform her that her son has been killed. Mrs. Sandoval can’t read En glish, so Homer has to read the telegram to her. In shock, she first pretends not to hear the tragic message and then starts to weep. Homer tries to comfort Mrs. Sandoval, but he feels very awkward and can’t wait to get out of her house. As he rides back to the telegraph office, he is angry and upset about a world that can cause such pain.

Conflict Homer is torn between wanting to get away from Mrs. Sandoval and feeling compassion for her and her loss.

Theme(s) 1. young people learning about life and how to survive its challenges 2. the sense of compassion for other people’s pain 3. the different – often surprising – ways people react to bad news

Appendix

57

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OF

“B LUE E YES F AR A WAY ”

Setting The story is set in New Jersey in the United States in the 1930s.

Characters Archie Stolt, a wealthy, young man; Esther Lee, the wife of Joseph Lee

Plot Joseph Lee is killed in a serious car crash caused by Archie Stolt. As a result there is a trial and the prosecutor tries to prove Archie Stolt is guilty of committing the crime of manslaughter. Archie thinks that there are no witnesses, and he will escape punishment. But Esther Lee, Joseph’s wife, surprises everyone when she reveals that she saw the accident through a telescope.

Conflict Esther Lee loses her husband and must tell the court what she saw. She must overcome her fear of the court and the lawyers to give evidence against Archie.

Theme(s) 1. dealing with loss, overcoming your fears and telling the truth 2. money cannot buy innocence if you are guilty of a crime 3. everyone must obey the law

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“H OME ”

Setting The story takes place in Chicago, probably in the 1930s, on the front porch of an African American family’s house.

Characters Maud Martha, the younger daughter in an African American family; Helen, the older daughter; Mama, the mother; Papa, the father

Plot Mama, Helen, and Maud Martha are anxiously waiting for Papa to come home from work. During his lunch hour, Papa was going to go to Home Owners’ Loan to ask for another extension on the family’s loan. They all know that they will lose their house if he fails to get the extension. While Mama and Helen talk as if they will be glad to move, Maud Martha says very little because she’s afraid she’ll cry. Papa finally arrives – with the good news that the loan company gave him an extension – and the entire family is relieved and happy that they will continue to be homeowners.

Conflict The family is faced with a strong possibility of losing their home and is struggling to keep up their spirits.

Appendix

58

Theme(s) 1. the love and pride many homeowners feel for their property 2. the developing of defense mechanisms to hide one’s true feelings 3. the stress caused by financial difficulties

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“T HE W OMAN ”

Setting The story is set in a city and its suburbs in the United States sometime in the early twentieth century.

Characters Bellard; Lucile, Bellard’s wife; Bellard and Lucile’s children – a son and a daughter

Plot As a young man, Bellard pities an old man sitting on the porch of a shabby house. Strangely, though, the old man seems happy. Bellard is forced to leave behind his dreams of becoming rich and successful when his father loses his money. Bellard has to leave college and go to work at an unpleasant job. When he marries Lucile, a girl he describes as having “the quality of a flower,” his life becomes a happy one – thanks to his wife’s love and understanding. Bellard and Lucile raise their children, and the couple continues to love each other even though they are poor. When Bellard’s business fails, his children are critical of him, but as always, Lucile defends him. Now it is Bellard who sits on the porch of a shabby house and is pitied by a young man passing by.

Conflict Although Bellard would like to give his wife beautiful things and an easier life, he isn’t able to.

Theme(s) 1. 2. 3. 4.

the power of one person’s love and understanding to make another happy the wisdom that often comes with age the importance of keeping a healthy perspective in marriage, parenting, and life in general being poor doesn’t necessarily cause unhappiness

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OF

“T HE T IGRESS

AND

H ER M ATE ”

Setting The story takes place in the home of a tiger and his mate.

Characters Proudfoot, a tiger; Sabra, a tigress and Proudfoot’s mate; the cubs, Proudfoot and Sabra’s children

Appendix

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Plot Shortly after Proudfoot and Sabra’s marriage, Proudfoot gets tired of his mate. He spends less and less time at home, treats Sabra badly, and is not at all pleased when she tells him that she is pregnant. After the cubs are born, he threatens to drown them if they keep him awake. With this, Sabra decides she won’t tolerate her husband’s cruelty any longer, so she orders him to leave the house. A fight breaks out, and Sabra hits Proudfoot so hard that the blow kills him. Sabra then uses Proudfoot to make a rug that her children can play with in front of the fireplace. The cubs love playing with their father.

Conflict Sabra is torn between tolerating Proudfoot’s abuse in order to keep her family together and facing up to the fact that having a bad father and husband is usually worse than having none at all.

Theme(s) 1. the age-old war between the sexes 2. the powerful effect of a female’s maternal instincts to protect her children

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“T HE K ISS ”

Setting The story is set in the United States in the late nineteenth century.

Characters Nathalie, a pretty young woman; Brantain, a wealthy but unattractive, dull young man; Harvy, a close friend of Nathalie’s brother

Plot Nathalie is waiting for her visitor, Brantain, to propose marriage. Although he is unattractive and she feels nothing for him, she intends to accept his proposal because he is very rich. The door suddenly opens and Harvy comes in. The room is dark, and Harvy doesn’t realize that Nathalie isn’t alone. He approaches her and kisses her ardently on the lips. Brantain leaves feeling very upset and thinking that Harvy and Nathalie are engaged. Nathalie is furious and may never forgive Harvy if she doesn’t succeed in getting Brantain to marry her. Shortly after the kissing incident, there is a social event where Nathalie is able to explain the situation to Brantain, claiming that Harvy is nothing more than a good friend – like a brother, in fact. Brantain believes Nathalie and proposes. At Brantain and Nathalie’s wedding, Harvy refuses to kiss Nathalie – even with her new husband’s permission. Although she is disappointed that she has lost Harvy, she is comforted by the thought that she has Brantain and all his money.

Conflict Nathalie is torn between wanting to marry one man for his money and having strong romantic feelings for another man.

Theme(s) 1. some people’s tendency to place more importance on material wealth than on love and affection 2. the necessity of having to give up one or more things in life in order to get others Appendix

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Discovering Fiction 2nd edition

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