PROJECT REPORT
A STUDY ON HOMEOPATHY
SUBMITTED SUBMITT ED IN I N PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 2013-2016
Unde !"e #$%d&n'e ()*
S$+,%!!ed B*
MR. JAGAT JYOTI BARUA
SHUBHAM JAIN
FACULTY, MAIMS
Roll no. 6114701713 Bat! No. "BBA III S#M$
M&"&&.& A#&/en In/!%!$!e () M&n&#e,en! S!$d%e/
A%%&l&at'( to G)*) Go+&n( S&n! In(*a-*at!a Un&/'*&t, 'l!& 2S2 A*'a, 2lot No. 1, S'to* , Ro!&n& 'l!& 110056
STUDENT DECLARATION
T!& & to '*t&% t!at I !a/' o-l't'( t!' 2CS 2*o't t&tl'( 8A St)( on Ho'o-at!9 )n('* t!' )&(an' o% 8M*. 8M*. Jaat Jot& Ba*)a9 &n -a*t&al %)l%&l'nt %)l%&l'nt o% t!' *':)&*''nt %o* t!' a;a*( o% '*'' o% Ba!'lo* o% B)&n' A(&n&t*at&on at Ma!a*aa A*a'n Int&t)t' o% Mana''nt St)(&', 'l!&. T!& & an o*&&nal -&'' o% ;o*< = I !a/' not )+&tt'( &t 'a*l&'* 'l';!'*'.
D&!e* 31-10-201
S%#n&!$e*
P&'e* P&'e* R("%n% R("%n% Ne De"%
N&,e* N&,e* SHUBHAM SHUBHAM JAIN Un%4e/%! En(,en! N(5* 6110113
CERTIFICATE FROM THE INSTITUTE GUIDE
T!& & to '*t&% t!at t!' )'* -*o't t&tl'( 8A St)( on Ho'o-at!9 & an aa('& ;o*< (on' + 8S!)+!a Ja&n9 )+&tt'( &n t!' -a*t&al %)l%&ll'nt o% t!' *':)&*''nt %o* t!' a;a*( o% t!' ('*'' o% Ba!'lo* o% B)&n' A(&n&t A(&n&t*at&on *at&on at Ma!a*aa A*a'n A*a'n Int&t)t' o% Mana''nt St)(&', 'l!&, )n('* )&(an' = (&*'t&on.
To t!' +'t o%
!'* &n t!' -*o't !a not +''n )+&tt'( 'a*l&'*.
S%#n&!$e
*
N&,e () !"e F&'$! F&'$! * M5 M5 J&#&! J&#&! J(!% B&$& B&$& De/%#n&!%(n
* F&'$! MAIMS
AC7NOWLEDGEMENT
S)' & an '%%o*t +o)n('( at&/&t, &n/ol/&n oo*(&nat&on = oo-'*at&on o% all. Not!&n &n t!& ;o*l( an +' a!&'/'( ;&t!o)t -*o-'* oo*(&nat&on. T!& *'-o*t !a +''n a(' -o&+l' t!*o) t!*o)! ! (&*' (&*'tt an( &n(&* &n(&*'t 't ))--o* -o*tt o% /a*&o) /a*&o) -'o-l -'o-l'' %o* ;!o ;!o I ;&! ;&! to '?-*' '?-*' a--*'&at&on an( *at&t)('.
T!& -*o't o% &n' ;o)l(n@t !a/' ''n t!' l&!t o% t!' (a ;&t!o)t t!' oo*(&nat&on o% M*. Jaat Jot& Ba*)a -*o't )&('. I ;o)l( l&<' to '?-*' -'&al t!an< an( *at&t)(' to a@a %o* ontantl )&(&n ' an( ta
S!)+!a Ja&n BBA 3*( S#M 6114701713
E8ECUTI9E SUMMARY
T!& -*o't & an att'-t to &/' &n%o*at&on an(
Ho'o-at! & an 'la+o*at' an( /'* ('ta&l'( t' o% !'al&n +a'( )-on t!' -*&n&-l' o% t&)lat&n t!' +o( to !'al &t'l%. &('-*'a( t!*o)!o)t #)*o-', '-'&all G*'at B*&ta&n, an( alo &n C'nt*al an( So)t! A'*&a, In(&a, an( A%*&a, !o'o-at! & '?-'*&'n&n an '?-lo&/' *')*'n' &n t!' Un&t'( Stat' an( Cana(a a -a*t o% t!' o/''nt to;a*( alt'*nat&/' '(&&n'. Ho'o-at!& -!a*a&' a*' *')lat'( + '-a*t'nt o% A)! &n In(&a, H'alt! Cana(a &n Cana(a, an( t!' FA &n t!' Un&t'( Stat'. T!' -*&n&-l' -*&n&-l' )n('*l&n t!' -'&alt o% !o'o-at! !a/' +''n t'at&all -*o/'n t!*o)!o)t t;o 'nt)*&' o% -*at&', an( a*' /al&(at'( + o/'* 00 &'nt&%& t)(&' ''t&n o('*n *&t'*&a o% a'-ta+&l&t.
!'n * Sa)'l Ha!n'ann ('/'lo-'( t!' a*t o% !oo'o-at! &n t!' 1t! C'nt)*, -'o-l' l&/' ;'*' /'* (&%%'*'nt to no;. T!' a/'*a' l&%' '?-'tan ;o)l( !a/' +''n &n t!' 60. T!' *at&o o% a)t' to !*on& &lln'' ;a /'* (&%%'*'ntD (&%%'*'ntD 50E &lln'' ;'*' a)t' &n t!o' (a, o-la&nt )! a !ol'*a, (&-!t!'*&a, t'tan), -ol&o an( all-o? ;'*' oon-la', a an -'o-l' -'o-l' l&/'( l&/'( &n o/'**o;(' o/'**o;('( ( an( )nan&ta* )nan&ta* on(&t&on on(&t&on. . T!' la&a la&all a--*oa! a--*oa! o% Hoo'o-at! ao*(&n to Ha!n'ann -*&n&-l' ;a /'* )'%)l. In t!' Lon(on !ol'*a '-&('& o% 154, t!' !oo'o-at!& !o-&tal !a( a 16.4E o*tal&t *at' o-a*'( ;&t! t!' allo-at!& !o-&tal, ;!&! ;a +'t;''n 060E. B ont*at &n t!' 1t C'nt)*, ;!'n ;' no; !a/' ant&+&ot&, /a&nat&on, +'tt'* an&tat&on an( l&/&n on(&t&on, t!' a/'*a' l&%' '?-'tan &n t!' ;'t'*n ;o*l( & no; ;'ll &nto t!' 50, +)t *at!'* t!an +'&n !'alt!&'* t!an ;' !a/' '/'* +''n, t!' &n&('n' o% !*on& &lln'' o-a*'( ;&t! a)t', !a o-l' o-l't' t'l l *'/'* *'/'*'( '( &n' &n' Ha!n' Ha!n'a ann nn t&'D t&'D no; no; !*on& !*on& &lln' &lln'' ' o-*& o-*&' ' 50E o% &lln''.
T&+e () C(n!en!/
2a' no. C!a-t'* 1.
Int*o()t&on. 1.1 1.1 1. 1.
1
O*&& O*&&n n . ... O+' O+'t&/ t&/' ' o% t!' t)( t)( .. ....
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Ho'o-at! &n In(&a....
15
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'/'lo-'nt...
C!a-t'* 3.
R''a*! M't!o(olo
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36
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B&+l&o*a-! Att'n(an' S!''t
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C"&:!e 15 In!(d$'!%(n
Ho'o-at! & a t' o% alt'*nat&/' '(&&n' *'at'( '(&&n' *'at'( &n 176 + Sa)'l Ha!n'ann +a'( Ha!n'ann +a'( on !& (ot*&n' o% l&<')*' o% l&<')*' l&<' l&<' a )+tan' t!at a)' t!' -to o% a (&'a' &n !'alt! -'o-l'
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Ho'o-at!
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a -')(o&'n' -')(o&'n',, an( &t *''(&' !a/' +''n %o)n( to +' no o*' '%%'t&/' t!an -la'+o -la'+o..
Ha!n Ha!n' 'an ann n +'l& +'l&'/ '/'( '( t!' t!' )n(' )n('*l *l &n &n a) a)' ' o% (&' (&'a a'' ;'*' ;'*' -!'n -!'no o'n 'naa t!at t!at !' t'*'( &a, an( t!at !o'o-at!&*''(&' a((*''( t!''. T!' *''(&' a*' -*'-a*'( + *'-'at'(l(&l)t&n *'-'at'(l(&l)t&n a a !o'n )+tan' &n alo!ol o* (&t&ll'( ;at'*, %ollo;'( + %o*'%)l t*&<&n on an 'lat& +o(.&l +o(.&l)t&on )t&on ))all ont&n)' ;'ll -at t!' -o&nt ;!'*' no ol')l' o% t!' o*&&nal )+tan' *'a&n. Ho'o-at! 'l't *''(&' + on)lt&n *'%'*'n' +oo<
Ho'o-at! Int*o()t&on = O/'*/&';
Ho'o-at! ;a %o)n('( 00 'a* ao + *. Sa)'l Ha!n'ann ;!o a/' (&*'t&on to t!& +*an! o% '(&&n' ;&t! !& %ao) on'-t 8&&l&a &&l&+) )*'nt)*9 "l't l&<' )*' l&<'@$. Ho'o-at! & +a'( on t!*'' +a& -*&n&-l' 1. T!' *)l' o% &&l&' . T't&n o% '(&a'nt &n !'alt! !)an +'&n 3. T!' -*&n&-l' o% !o'o-at!& (o'. Ha!n'ann t)(&'( an )+tan' t!at l'( !& to 'ta+l&! n'; *)l' o% )*' + )' o% )+tan' ;!&! a*' a-a+l' o% *'at&n )! (&t)*+an' &n !'alt! !)an +'&n, + )' o% a' )+tan' &n &*o :)ant&tat&/' l'/'l. T!' t' o% Ho'o-at! t!at !' ('/'lo-'( & !ol&t& a &t on&('* t!' 'nt&*' &n(&/&()al@ -!&al, 'ntal an( 'ot&onal -to an( t*'at t!' ) o% t!' -to ao*(&n to t!' 8*)l' o% &&l&'9. In 1566, Sa)'l Ha!n'ann %o)n('( t!' Ho'o-at!& C'nt*al 2!a*a to an)%at)*' an( 'll 'll !o' !o'oo-at at!& !& '(& '(&& &n' n'.. H' alo alo *'a *'at' t'( ( -*' -*'* *&+ &+'( '( tan tan(a (a*( *( %o* %o* !o' !o'oo-at at!& !& -!a*a')t&al -*o()t&on
It & o*' t!an a 'nt)* an( a !al% no; t!at Hoo'o-at! Hoo'o-at! & +'&n -*at&'( -*at&'( &n In(&a. It !a +l'n('( o ;'ll &nto t!' *oot *o ot an( t*a(&t&on o% t!' o)nt* t!at &t !a +''n *'on&'( a on' o% t!' Nat&onal St' o% M'(&&n' an( -la a /'* &-o*tant *ol' &n -*o/&(&n !'alt! a*' to a la*' n)+'* o% -'o-l'. It t*'nt! l&' &n &t '/&('nt '%%'t&/'n' a &t ta<' a !ol&t& a--*oa a--*oa! ! to;a to;a*( *( t!' &< &< &n(&/& &n(&/&()a ()all t!*o) t!*o)! ! -*oo -*oot&o t&on n o% &nn'* &nn'* +alan +alan' ' at 'nt 'ntal, al, 'ot&onal, -&*&t)al an( -!&al l'/'l. T!' ;o*( Hoo'o-at!@ & ('*&/'( %*o t;o G*''< ;o*(, Hoo& 'an&n &&la* an( -at!o 'an&n )%%'*&n. Hoo'o-at! &-l 'an t*'at&n (&'a' ;&t! *''(&', -*'*&+'( &n &n)t' (o', ;!&! a*' a-a+l' o% -*o()&n -to &&la* to t!' (&'a'
;!'n ta<'n + !'alt! -'o-l'. It & +a'( on t!' nat)*al la; o% !'al&n S&&l&a S&&l&+) S&&l&+) C)*ant)* C)*ant)*99 ;!&! ;!&! 'an 'an l&<' l&<' a*' )*'( )*'( + l&<'9. l&<'9. It ;a &/'n a &'nt&% &'nt&%& & +a& +a& + *. *. Sa)'l Ha!n'ann "171543$ &n t!' 'a*l 1t! 'nt)*. It !a +''n '*/&n )%%'*&n !)an&t %o* o/'* t;o 'nt)*&' an( !a ;&t!too( t!' )-!'a/al o% t&' an( !a ''*'( a a t&' t't'( t!'*a-, t!'*a-, %o* t!' &'nt&%& &'nt&%& -*&n&-l' -*o-o)n('( + Ha!n'ann Ha!n'ann a*' nat)*al an( ;'ll -*o/'n an( ont&n)' to +' %ollo;'( ;&t! )' '/'n to(a.
In In(&a, t!' !&to* o% Ho'o-at! & l&n<'( ;&t! t!' na' o% *. Hon&+'*'*, a F*'n! an ;!o +*o)!t Ho'o-at! to In(&a &n 15. H' ;a &n/&t'( to t*'at Ma!a*aa Ran&t S&n! o% 2)na+. H' lat'* on ta*t'( -*at&&n -*at&&n &n Cal)tta. Cal)tta. T!' &n%l)? o% !o'o-at! !o'o-at! an( Ho'o-at! Ho'o-at! ;a o*' &n Cal)tta = lat'* on +'a' t!' &t' o% %&*t Ho'o-at! Coll'' &n In(&a. T!' t' -*'a( %*o 'at'*n *'&on to U.2, 'l!&, '*ala an( a*nata
Co Co&t &tt' t'''
an( an(
C'nt C'nt*a *all
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o% Ho' Ho'oo-at at! !.. A !o' !o'oo-at at!& !&
2!a* 2!a*a ao o-o -o'& '&aa la+o la+o*a *ato to* * ;a ;a 'ta 'ta+l +l& &!' !'( ( &n 17 17,, ;!& ;!&! ! %o* %o*'( '( t!' t!' n)l n)l') ') o% 'ta+l&!'nt o% C'nt*al Co)n&l %o* R''a*! &n Ho'o-at!. To(a To (a t!'*' t!'*' a*' o/'* 1,0,000 1,0,000 &nt&t)t &nt&t)t&ona &onall ll :)al&%&' :)al&%&'( ( !o'o-at !o'o-at!, !, an( o/'* . la
3. Bot! Bot! o/'*n o/'*n'nt 'nt an( nono/' nono/'*n *n'nt, 'nt, !o !o'o-a 'o-at!& t!& *''a*! *''a*! &nt&t)t &nt&t)t'> '>o)n& o)n&ll o;n'( o;n'( -*&/at'l o* + o/'*n'nt, o/' *n'nt, 4. Ho-&tal an( (&-'na*&'.
H(,e(:&!"/
T!' -'*on ;!o !a/' t!'
All o/'* In(&a t!'*' a*' 115 Ho'o-at!& Ho'o-at!& M'(&al Coll''> &nt&t)t' &-a*t&n &-a*t&n '()at&on &n Ho'o-a Ho'o-at! t!.. O)t o% t!'', t!'', 53 &nt&t)t &nt&t)t' ' a*' nono/' nono/'*n *n'nt 'nt o*an& o*an&at&o at&on n an( a+o)t 33 o/'*n'nt )--o*t'( )n&t "15 ISM=H *'-o*t$. Man)%at)*&n Un&t Ho'o-at!& '(&&n' a ;'ll a t!' &n()t* & *')lat'( + t!' *) an( Cont*ol At. P)al&t o% *a; at'*&al a ;'ll a %&n&!'( -*o()t o% o' o% t!' %at o/&n &t' a*' o/'*'( + Ho'o-at!& 2!a*ao-o'&a 2!a*ao-o'&a ;!&! & -)+l&!'( + M&n&t* o% H'alt! = Fa&l 'l%a*' &n %&/' /ol)'. L'al '%&n&t&on o% Ho'o-at!& M'(&&n' "GOI$ 8Ho'o-at!& '(&&n' &nl)(' an (*) ;!&! & *'o*('( &n !o'o-at!& -*o/&n o* t!'*a-') t!'*a-')t& t& '%%&a '%%&a o% ;!&! ;!&! !a +''n 'ta+l& 'ta+l&!'( !'( t!*o)! t!*o)! lon l&n&al l&n&al '?-'*&'n '?-'*&'n' ' a *'o*('( &n a)t!o*&tat&/' !o'o-at!& l&t'*at)*' o% In(&a o* a+*oa( an( ;!&! & -*'-a*'( ao*(&n to t!' t'!n&:)' o% !o'o-at!& -!a*a an( o/'* o+&nat&on o% &n*'(&'nt o% )! !o'o-at!& '(&&n' ;!&! & a(&n&t'*'( + -a*'ntal *o)t'9. Go/'*n'nt o% In(&a l&t'( 373 (*) )'( a !o'o-at!& '(&&n' &n 16, ;!&! ;a )+':)'ntl &n*'a'( to 3000. In t!& t', t!' ot %*':)'ntl )'( (*) a*' all'( 2ol*'t. 2ol*'t. An( &n t!& ont'?t &t !o)l( +' not'( t!at %o* !o'o-at!& !o'o-at!& '(&&n' l&n&al an( +&olo&al t*&al a*' on()t'( ;!'*' t!' a*' t't'( %o* to?&&t on lon t'*, !o*t t'* an( '(&) t'* )'. C)**'ntl, t!'*' a*' 563 an)%at)*&n )n&t all o/'* In(&a o% ;!&! 100 an +' a&( to +' o*an&'(. O)t o% t!'', t!*'' )n&t a*' t!o' +'lon&n to %o*'&n o-an&' l&<' &ll'* S!;a S!;a+' +',, S!a* S!a*(a (a Bo*& Bo*&on on "SBL "SBL$$ an( an( B&o%o B&o%o* *'. '. T! T!'' oo-an& an&' ' &n o*a o*an& n&'( '( 'to 'to** a*' a*' -*o%'&onall -*o%'&onall ana'( -*o()t&on %a&l&t&' ;&t! o('*n ':)&-'nt an( t'!nolo. T!' a&n a&n -*o()t -*o()t t!at a*' an)%a an)%at)*' t)*'( ( + t!'' t!'' )n&t )n&t a*' '(&&n '(&&n'. '. Ot!'* Ot!'* -*o()t -*o()t l&<' !a-oo, -at' an( *'a a*' alo an)%at)*'( + o' o% t!'' )n&t. All t!'' t!&n a*' ol( )n('* t!' -*'*&-t&on o% M'(&al -*at&t&on'*. Ho;'/'*, t!' a*<'t %o* !o'o-at!& -*o()t ot!'* t!an (*) & /'* all &n In(&a. Man)%at)*&n o% !o'o-at!& '(&&n' *':)&*' *a; at'*&al &n t!' %o* o% (&%%'*'nt -lant, !'&al o% an&al o*&&n an( +at'*&a, &*oo*an& = '*ta&n (&'a' a)&n %ato*. T!'' a*' -*o''( to o+ta&n t!' ot!'* t&nt)*'. T!'n t!' a*' -*o''( %)*t!'* ao*(&n to t!' -!a*ao-o'&a %o* Ho'o-at!. T!'' a*' (&l)t'( &n alo!ol at (&%%'*'nt -ot'n l'/'l
ao*(&n to t!' *':)&*''nt o% t!' '(&&n'. T!'n t!' :)al&t ont*ol t't & (on' &n t!' la+o*ato*. T!' o)*' o% !o'o-at!& '(&&n' an +' la&%&'( l&<' %ollo;&n 60E & o% -lant o*&&n E & o% !'&al o* &n'*al o*&&n 10E & o% an&al o*&&n E %*o +at'*&a, &*oo*an& = '*ta&n (&'a' a)&n %ato* %a to* S&n' Ho'o-at! o*&&nat'( %*o G'*an t!' &n()t* & t&ll )&n 10 *a; at'*&al, ;!&! a*' o% &-o*t'( o*&&n l&<' -lant not *o;n &n In(&a, an( &n'*al not %o)n( &n In(&a. In !o'o-at!& &n()t* t!' *a; at'*&al a*' ta<'n an( -*o''(. F*o t!' ot!'* t&nt)*' & o+ta&n'(. T!& & (&l)t'( %)*t!'* &n alo!ol. It & &nt'*'t&n to not' t!at &n Ho'o-at! t!' *a; at'*&al *':)&*''nt & not )+tant&all la*' +'a)' t!' a*' )'( &n /'* all :)ant&t&' an( t!'n &t & %)*t!'* (&l)t'(. B)t t!' 'n/&*on'nt *':)&*'( & -oll)t&on %*'', ()t %*'' an( +at'*&a +at'*&a %*''. %*''. No*all No*all,, +&'* +&'* o-an& o-an&' ' )n('*ta< )n('*ta<'' '?t*at& '?t*at&on, on, a &t &n/ol/' &n/ol/' &n&%& &n&%&ant ant t'!n&a t'!n&all
151 O%#%n
T!' !&to* o% !o'o-at! o+&n' t!' !&! (*aa an( &nt*&)' oonl %o)n( &n t!' +'t '%%o*t o% t!' &l/'* *''n. Alt!o)! a o/&' !a not 't +''n a(' a+o)t !o'o-at!, &t & a %&l ;a&t&n to !a--'n. Ho'o-at! Ho'o-at! +'a' -'ta)la*l -o-)la* &n t!' Un&t'( Stat' an( #)*o-' &n t!' 1500 an( &t t*on't a(/oat' &nl)('( #)*o-'an *oalt, A'*&an 'nt*'-*'n')*, l&t'*a* &ant, an( *'l&&o) l'a('*. B)t at t!' t&' t!at &t ;a a&n&n ;&('-*'a( -o-)la*&t, &t +'a' t!' o+'t o% (''-'at'( an&o&t an( /&&lant o--o&t&on %*o 'ta+l&!'nt '(&&n'. T!' on%l&t +'t;''n !o'o-at! an( o*t!o(o? '(&&n' ;a -*ot*at'( an( +&tt'*. '
2!a*a 2!a*a')t& ')t&al al L'?&on L'?&on,, ;!&! ;!&! ;a on&('* on&('*'( '( on' o% t!' tan(a* tan(a*( ( *'%'*'n *'%'*'n' ' t'?t t'?t %o* a-ot!' a-ot!'a* a*&' &'>-! >-!a* a*a& a&t t o% !& !& (a. (a. An( t!& t!& ao) ao)nt nt alo alo *'/'a *'/'al l Ha!n' Ha!n'a ann nn a an a)(a&o) *'+'l. H' ;a )na%*a&( to -'a< !& &n(, '/'n &% &t 'ant o**'t&n t!' anal& o% a /'* *'-'t'( -!&&an. H' ;a )na%*a&( to :)'t&on oonl a'-t'( t*)t!. An( !' !a( 'no)! &n&t&at&/' to ''< !& o;n alt'*nat&/' '?-lanat&on. A%t'* t*anlat&n C)ll'n ;o*<, Ha!n'ann -'nt t!' n'?t &? 'a* at&/'l '?-'*&'nt&n on !&'l%, !& %a&l, an( a all +)t *o;&n *o)- o% %ollo;'*. In 176 !' ;*ot' a+o)t !& '?-'*&'n' ;&t! t!' la; o% &&la* &n H)%'lan( Jo)*nal, a *'-'t'( '(&al o)*nal &n G'*an. G'*an. Co&n&('ntall, Co&n&('ntall, &n 175 #(;a*( J'nn'* (&o/'*'( t!' /al)' o% &/&n all (o' o% o;-o? to -'o-l' &n an '%%o*t to &)n&' t!' aa&nt all-o?. !'*'a !'*'a J'nn'* ;o*< ;a 'n'*all a'-t'( &nto o*t!o(o? '(&&n', Ha!n'ann ;o*< ;a not. In %at, t!'*' ;a o ) )! ! anta antaon& on& to Ha!n Ha!n'a 'ann nn an( an( t!' t!' n'; !ool !ool o% '(& '(&al al t!o) t!o)!t !t !' all' all'( ( !o'o-at! t!at 'nt&*' '(&al o)*nal ;'*' all'( Ant&Hoo'o-at!& A*!&/' o* Ant& O*anon "t!' O*anon *'%'* to t!' +oo< t!at Ha!n'ann ;*ot' a t!' -*&a* t'?t on t!' !o'o-at!& a*t an( &'n'$. Ha!n'ann ;a -a*t&)la*l (&l&<'( + t!' a-ot!'a*&' +'a)' !' *'o'n('( t!' )' o% onl onl on' on' '(& '(&& &n' n' at a t&' t&' an( an( -*' -*'* *&+ &+&n &n onl onl l&& l&&t' t'( ( (o' (o' o% &t. &t. B'a B'a) )'' !' *'o'n('( onl all (o' o% 'a! '(&&n', t!' a-ot!'a*&' o)l( not !a*' )! %o* t!'. An( +'a)' 'a! '(&&n' *':)&*'( a*'%)l -*'-a*at&on, Ha!n'ann %o)n( t!at t!' a-ot!'a*&' a-ot!'a*&' ;'*' not al;a a<&n t!' o**'tl o* ;'*' &nt'nt&onall &nt'nt&onall &/&n !& -at&'nt (&%%'*'nt '(&&n'. A !' *'; to (&t*)t t!' a-ot!'a*&', !' !o' to (&-'n' !& o;n '(&&n', an &ll'al at at t!' t&' &n G'*an. T!' a-ot!'a*&' t!'n a)'( Ha!n'ann o% 'nt*'n!&n )-on t!'&* -*&/&l'' + t!' (&-'n&n o% '(&&n'. '(&&n'. A**'t'( A**'t'( &n L'&-& &n 150, !' ;a %o)n( )< an( %o*'( to o/'. H' o/'( to ot!'n, ;!'*' !' ;a ('l'at'( ('l'at'( -'&al -'*&&on to -*at&' an( (&-'n' !& o;n '(&&n' + G*an( )<' F'*(&nan(, F'*(&nan(, on' o% t!' an #)*o-'an *oalt ;!o )--o*t'( !o'o-at!. '-&t' t!' -'*')t&on, !o'o-at! !o'o-at! ont&n)'( to *o;. *o;. It *'; not )t +'a)' &t o%%'*'( a t' t'a at& t& a--*o a--*oa a! ! to t*'at t*'at&n &n &< &< -'o-l' -'o-l',, +)t alo alo +'a) +'a)'' o*t!o o*t!o(o? (o? '(& '(&&n' &n' ;a ;a &n'%%'t&/' an( '/'n (an'*o). T!'*' & 'n'*al a*'''nt aon '(&al !&to*&an to(a t!at o*t!o(o? '(&&n' o% t!' 1700 an( 1500 &n -a*t&)la* %*':)'ntl a)'( o*' !a* t!an oo(.
Bloo(l'tt&n an( a--l&at&on o% l''!' ;'*' oon -*at&' '/'n t!*o)! to t!' &(1500. On' F*'n! (oto* +loo( l't o )! t!at o' o<&nl 't&at'( 't&at'( t!at !' -&ll'( o*' +loo( &n !& '(&al -*at&' t!an ;a -&ll'( t!*o)!o)t t!' 'nt&*' Na-ol'on& a*. B'na&n R)!, on&('*'( t!' %at!'* o% A'*&an '(&&n', a'*t'( t!at +loo(l'tt&n ;a )'%)l &n all 'n'*al an( !*on& (&'a'. A an a 41 &ll&on l''!' ;'*' &-o*t'( &nto F*an' &n 1533 alon'. In t!' Un&t'( Stat', on' %&* &-o*t'( 00,000 l''!' &n 156D &t o-'t&to* &-o*t'( 300,000. B'&(' +loo(l'tt&n an( l''!', o*t!o(o? -!&&an )'( '(&&n' a(' %*o '*)*, '*)*, l'a(, a*'n&, an( /a*&o) t*on !'*+ to !'l- -)*' t!' +o( o% %o*'&n (&'a'a)&n att'*. T!'' o+&n T! o+&nat& at&on on o% -oo -oo** '(& '(&al al a*' a*' an( -*') -*')(& (&&a &all *'at& *'at&on on aa&n aa&nt t !o !o'o'o-at at! ! & '*ta&nl )n('*tan(a+l' &n l&!t o% '(&al '()at&on at t!' t&'. Nat!an S&t! a/&, ;!o ;a t!' (*&/&n %o*' &n t!' *'at&on o% t!' A'*&an M'(&al Ao&at&on, ('*&+'( '(&al '()at&on &n 154 All t!' o)n an !a to (o & a&n a(&ttan' &n t!' o%%&' o% o' -!&&an, ;!'*' !' an !a/' a' to a '*&' o% o*(&na* '(&al t'?t+oo<, an( '' a -at&'nt -'*!a- on' a ont!, ;&t! -'*!a- a !at -oto*t' '?a&nat&on '?a&nat&on on' a 'a*D an( &n t!' o)*' o% t!*'' 'a* t!) -'nt, on' o* t;o o)*' o% l't)*' &n t!' '(&al oll'', ;!'*' t!' ;!ol' &'n' o% '(&&n', '(&&n', &nl)(&n anato, -!&olo, -!&olo, !'&t*, !'&t*, at'*&al '(&a, -at!olo, -at!olo, -*at&' o% '(&&n', '(&al )*&-*)('n', )*'*, an( &(;&/'* a*' all *o;('( )-on !& &n( &n t!' !o*t -a' o% &?t''n ;''<...an( !& '()at&on, +ot! -*&a* an( '(&al, & ('''( o-l't'. '-&t' t!' %at t!at !&to*&an an( &'nt&t to(a on&('* '(&&n' o% t!' 15t! an( 1t! 'nt)* a )n&'nt&%& an( '/'n +a*+a*&, o*t!o(o? -!&&an !a( t!' a)(a&t to all !o'o-at! :)a<'*, )n&'nt&%&, )lt&!, an( ('/&l&!.
T"e O::(/%!%(n !( H(,e(:&!"
Ho'o-at! -o'( a '*&o) t!*'at to 'nt*'n!'( '(&&n'. O*t!o(o? -!&&an *&t&&'( !'*+al&t, &(;&/', an( /a*&o) ot!'* non*')la* -*at&t&on'* +'a)' t!' ;'*' not '(&all t*a&n'(. Ho'o-at!, !o;'/'*, o)l( not +' (&*'(&t'( a +'&n )nl'a*n'(, &n' t!' ;'*' *a()at' %*o an o% t!' a' '(&al !ool a *')la* -!&&an. In %at, an o% t!' &n&t&al -*at&t&on'* -*at&t&on'* o% !o'o-at! !o'o-at! *a()at'( %*o o' o% t!' ot -*'t&&o) '(&al !ool o% t!' (a.
O*t!o(o? '(&&n' ;a alo t!*'at'n'( +'a)' !o'o-at! o%%'*'( an &nt'*at'(, &nt'*at'(, o!'*'nt, t'at& +a& %o* &t t!'*a-')t& -*at&'. In !& 2)l&t'* 2*&';&nn&n +oo< T!' So&al T*an T*an%o* %o*a at& t&on on o% A'*& '*&an an M'(& M'(&&n &n'' 2a)l 2a)l Sta** Sta** not'(, not'(, B'a B'a)' )' !o !o'o'o-at at! ! ;a ;a &)ltan'o)l &)ltan'o)l -!&loo-!&al -!&loo-!&al an( '?-'*&'ntal, '?-'*&'ntal, &t '''( too an -'o-l' to +' o*' *at!'* t!an l' &'nt&%& t!an o*t!o(o? '(&&n'. On' o% t!' ot &-o*tant *'aon t!at o*t!o(o? -!&&an an( (*) o-an&' (&l&<'( !o'o-at! !o'o-at! ;a t!at &n!'*'nt &n t!' !o'o-at!& a--*oa! a--*oa! ;a a !a*- *&t&:)' o% t!' )' o% on/'nt&onal (*). Ho'o-at! ;'*' -*&a*&l *&t&al o% t!' )--*'&/' nat)*' o% t!'' (*). T!' %'lt t!at t!' &-l a<'( t!' -'*on -to, *'at&n (''-'*, o*' '*&o) (&'a'. Ho'o-at! alo not'( t!at t!& a<&n o% -to a(' &t o*' (&%%&)lt %o* t!' )lt&at'l to %&n( t!' o**'t '(&&n', &n' t!' -'*on &(&on*at& -to a*' t!' -*&a* )&(' to t!' &n(&/&()al 'l't&on o% t!' '(&&n'. 2'*!a- t!' ot &-o*tant *'aon t!at on/'nt&onal -!&&an (&l&<'( !o'o-at! an( !o'o-at! ;a ;'ll '?-*''( at an A.M.A. ''t&n + on' o% t!' o*' *'-'t'( o*t!o(o? -!&&an ;!o a&(, ' )t a(&t t!at ;' n'/'* %o)!t t!' !o'o-at! on att'* o% -*&n&-l'D ;' %o)!t !& +'a)' !' a' &nto t!' o)n&t an( ot t!' +)&n'. Alt!o)! ot -!&&an, -at o* -*''nt, ;ont a 'a&l a(&t &t, 'ono& &)' -la a ao* *ol' &n ;!at & -*at&'( an( ;!at & allo;'( to +' -*at&'(. Ha!n'ann -*&n&-l' t!'*'%o*' -o'( a -!&loo-!&al, l&n&al, an( 'ono& t!*'at to o*t!o(o? '(&&n'. Ho'o-at! +'an *o;&n &n t!' N'; o*l( !o*tl a%t'* Han G*a, a )t! !o'o-at!, &&*at'( &&*at'( to t!' Un&t'( Stat' Stat' &n 15. It '?-an('( o *a-&(l t!at t!' !o'o-at! ('&('( to *'at *'at'' a nat&o nat&onal nal '(& '(&al al o&' o&'t t.. In 154 1544 4 t!' t!' o*a o*an& n&'( '( t!' A'*& '*&an an Int&t Int&t)t )t'' o% Ho'o-at!, ;!&! +'a' A'*&a %&*t nat&onal '(&al o&'t. 2a*t&all &n *'-on' to t!' *o;t! o% t!' !o'o-at!, &n 1546 a *&/al '(&al *o)- %o*'( ;!&! t!'n /o;'( to lo; t!' ('/'lo-'nt o% !o'o-at!. T!& o*an&at&on all'( &t'l% t!' A'*&an M'(&al Ao&at&on. M'+'* o% t!' A.M.A. !a( a lontan(&n an&o&t to;a*( !o'o-at! an( !o'o-at!. T!& %''l&n *an o t*on t!at, !o*tl a%t'* t!' %o*at&on o% t!' A.M.A., &t ;a ('&('( to -)*' all t!' loal '(&al o&'t&' o% -!&&an ;!o ;'*' !o'o-at!. T!& -)*' ;a )'%)l &n '/'* tat' '?'-t Maa!)'tt. B'a)' !o'o-at! ;a o t*on aon t!' 'l&t' o% Boton, t!' A.M.A. allo;'( allo;'( t!& '?'-t&on, a lon a t!' So&'t a*''( not to allo;
an n'; !o'o-at!& !o'o-at!& '+'*. T!'n, &n 1571, t!' '&!t *'a&n&n -!&&an ;'*' '?-'ll'( %*o t!' So&'t %o* t!' !'&no) *&' o% +'&n !o'o-at!. In 155 t!' AMA ('l&n'( to a
'(&al *a()at' &% a !o'o-at!, a on' o% t!'&* -*o%'o*, &n'( t!'&* (&-loa "at t!' t&' all -*o%' -*o%'o* o* &n' &n'( ( *a() *a()at at' ' (&-lo (&-loa a$. $. T! T!'' !o' !o'o-a o-at! t! +*o)! +*o)!tt t!'& t!'&** a' a' to t!' M&!&an S)-*'' Co)*t t!*'' t&', +)t 'a! t&' t!' o)*t '?-*''( )n'*ta&nt a to &t -o;'* to o-'l t!' R''nt o% o % t!' Un&/'*&t to ta<' at&on. at&o n. F&nall, a o-*o&' ;a *'a!'(. In 157 t!' M&!&an l'&lat)*' /ot'( to &/' on' to a n'; !o-&tal ('-'n('nt )-on t!' a--o&nt'nt o% t;o -*o%'o* o% !o'o-at!, +)t &t ;a alo ('&('( t!at onl t!' -*'&('nt an( t!' '*'ta* o% t!' )n&/'*&t ;o)l( &n t!' (&-loa, t!'*'+ allo;&n t!'&* *a()at' to +' *'on&'( + t!' A.M.A. '-&t' t!& o-*o&', alot '/'* '(&al o)*nal &n t!' o)nt* )*'( t!' M&!&an '(&al %a)lt to *'&n *at!'* t!an -a*t&&-at' &n t!' t*a&n&n o% !o'o-at!. T!' antaon& to !o'o-at! ;a not on%&n'( onl to t!' Un&t'( Stat'D &t ;a alo ;&('-*'a( &n #)*o-'. A F*'n! '(&al t)('nt ;a '?-'ll'( %*o !& oll'' %o* '?-*'&n &nt'*'t &n !o'o-at!. A on)ltat&on la)' &&la* to t!' on' &n t!' Un&t'( Stat' ;a 'ta+l&!'( &n F*an'. !'n J.2. T'&'*, a on/'nt&onal F*'n! -!&&an, '/al)at'( t!' *')lt o% !o'o-at! at Ho-&tal St'. Ma*)'*&t' an( anno)n'( to t!' 2a*& Aa(' t!at t!' ;'*' %a/o)*a+l', !' a*o)'( a to* o% -*ot't. No o*t!o(o? '(&al o)*nal ;o)l( -)+l&! t!'' *')lt, an( ;!'n !' !a( &t -)+l&!'( &n a !o'o-at!& o)*nal, !' ;a )a*&l '?-'ll'( + t!' '(&al o&'t. In t!' 1530 t!' -*at&' o% !o'o-at! +'a' &ll'al &n A)t*&a. '-&t' &t &ll'al&t, an -'o-l' )'( &*o (o' ()*&n t!' t !' !ol'*a !ol' *a '-&('& '-&(' & o% 1531. Stat&t& Stat& t& !o; ! o; t!at t!o' ;&t! !ol'*a ;!o t*&'( !o'o-at! !a( a o*tal&t o*tal&t *at' +'t;''n .4 to 1.1ED ;!'*'a o/'* 0E o% t!o' ;&t! !ol'*a )n('* on/'nt&onal '(&al a*' (&'(. In a((&t&on to t!' atta< + on/'nt&onal on/'nt&onal -!&&an on t!' !o'o-at! *&!t to -*at&', t!' *&!t *&!t to o&n o&n '(&al '(&al o*an&at o*an&at&on &on,, an( t!' *&!t *&!t to a '(&al '(&al '()at&on, '()at&on, on/'nt&ona on/'nt&onall -!&&an o)!t to +'&*! t!' *'-)tat&on o% !o'o-at!. Ho'o-at! ;'*' on&('*'( &o*al, &ll'&t&at', an( )nanl. T!' o--o&t&on to !o'o-at! ;a not +a'( on an &'nt&%& '/al)at&on o% t!& !'al&n a*t, +)t a*o' -*&a*&l +'a)' !o'o-at! an( !o'o-at! ;'*' a &n&%&ant o-'t&to* to on/'nt&onal -!&&an.
T"e R%/e () H(,e(:&!"
In 15 150 0 &)' &)' o% Ha*-' Ha*-'*@ *@ Maa Maa&n' &n',, Ma*< Ma*< T;a&n a&n a
Yo) a !on'tl %''l *at'%)l t!at !o'o-at! )*/&/'( t!' att'-t o% t!' allo-at!&t "o*t!o(o? -!&&an$ to ('t*o &t. '-&t' '-&t' t!' &n&%& &n&%&ant ant o--*' o--*'&on &on %*o t!' o*t!o(o o*t!o(o? ? '(&al '(&al -*o%'& -*o%'&on, on, !o !o'o-a 'o-at! t! )*/&/'( an( '/'n t!*&/'( &n t!' 1500 an( 'a*l 100. B 100 t!'*' ;'*' !o'o-at!& '(&al !ool, o*' t!an 100 !o'o-at!& !o-&tal, o/'* 60 o*-!an al) an( ol( -'o-l' !o', an( 1,000Q !o'o-at!& -!a*a&' &n t!' U.S. T!'' &-*'&/' n)+'* alon' (o not -*o/&(' an a)*at' -'*-'t&/' on t!' &n&%&ant &-at t!at !o'o-at! !a( on A'*&an l&%'. Ho'o-at! att*at'( )--o*t %*o an o% t!' ot *'-'t'( '+'* o% o&'t. It a(/oat' &nl)('( &ll&a Ja', H'n* a(;o*t! Lon%'llo;, Nat!an&al Ha;t!o*n', Ha**&'t B''!'* Sto;', an&'l '+t'*, &ll&a S';a*(, Ho*a' G*''l', an( Lo)&a Ma Alot Alott. t. &ll& &ll&a a C)ll C)ll'n 'n B*a B*ant, nt, t!' %ao %ao) ) o)*na o)*nal& l&t, t, ;a ;a -*'&( -*'&('nt 'nt o% t!' t!' N'; N'; Yo*< Ho'o-at!& So&'t. Jo!n . Ro<'%'ll'* *'%'**'( to !o'o-at! a a -*o*'&/' an( a*'&/' t'- &n '(&&n'D t!' %at t!at !' ;a )n('* !o'o-at!& a*' t!*o)!o)t t!' latt'* -a*t o% !& l&%' a +' on' *'aon !' l&/'( 'a*. Ho'o-at! -o-)la*&t aon *'-'t'( la' ;a alo '/&('nt &n #)*o-'. B'&(' &t -at*ona' + B*&ta&n Roal Fa&l (at&n %*o t!' 1530, !o'o-at! o)l( o)nt aon &t )--o*t'* C!a*l' &<'n, .B. Y'at, &ll&a T!a
Ho'o-a Ho'o-at! t! alo a(&tt'( a(&tt'( ;o'n ;o'n -! -!&& &&an an &nto t!'&* t!'&* nat&onal nat&onal o*an&a o*an&at&on t&on
on&('*a+l +'%o*' o*t!o(o? -!&&an (&(. Ho'o-at! a(&tt'( ;o'n &nto t!' A'*&an Int&t)t' o% Ho'o-at! &n 1571, ;!&l' ;o'n ;'*' not &n/&t'( &nto t!' A.M.A. )nt&l 11. T!' o*t!o(o? '(&al !ool at Jo!n Ho-<&n %&nall a*''( to a'-t ;o'n t)('nt a lat' a 150, +)t not o)t o% &nt'*'t &n ;o'n *&!t. T!' ;'*' o%%'*'( a 00,000 'n(o;'nt. Ha*/a*( t)*n'( (o;n t!& a' o%%'*.
Man l'* not onl ;'*' -'*onall )--o*t&/' )--o*t&/' o% !o'o-at!, !o'o-at!, t!' alo !'l-'( -*'a( t!' ;o*( a+o)t &t. #/'n Ma* Ba<'* #((, t!' %o)n('* o% C!*&t&an S&'n', ;!o 'n'*all ;a /'!' /'!''nt 'ntl l o-o--o o'( '( to t!' )' o% (*), (*), a
T!'*' & alo at)a*&al '/&('n' t!at o*' l&%' &n)*an' on' ;a -a&( to
+'n'%&&a*&' o% !o'o-at!& !o 'o-at!& -at&'nt +'a)' +' a)' t!'' -'o-l' l&/'( l&/ '( lon'*. T!' t*a&n&n o% 1t! 'nt)* !o'o-at! o-a*'( %a/o)*a+l to t!at o% t!'&* o*t!o(o? -!&&an oll'a)'. A I 'nt&on'( 'a*l&'*, an !o'o-at! att'n('( o*t!o(o? '(&al
!ool !ool. . #/ #/'nt 'nt)al )all l,, !o !o'o'o-at at! ! ('/'l ('/'lo-' o-'( ( t!'&* t!'&* o;n o;n '(& '(&al al !ool !ool o* a&nt a&nta&n a&n'( '( ('-a*t'nt o% !o'o-at! ;&t!&n ot!'* '(&al !ool. Boton Un&/'*&t, Un&/'*&t o% M&!&an, Un&/'*&t o% M&nn'ota, Ha!n'ann M'(&al Coll'', an( Un&/'*&t o% Io;a ;'*' +)t o' o% t!' !ool t'a!&n !o'o-at!. H&to*&an to(a on&('* t!' '()at&on o%%'*'( at t!' !o'o-at!& '(&al oll'' on a -a* ;&t! t!' o*t!o(o? '(&al !ool o% t!' (a. It & &-*'&/' to not' t!at a !&!'* -'*'nta' o% *a()at' %*o !o'o-at!& '(&al !ool !ool -a' -a'( ( '(& '(&al al +oa*( +oa*( '?a '?a&n &nat& at&on on t!an t!an (&( (&( t!'&* t!'&* o*t!o( o*t!o(o? o? '(& '(&al al t)(' t)('nt nt oll'a)'. Ho'o-at! Ho'o-at! !o;'( &-*'&/' !ola*!&-, +ot! &n +oo< an( o)*nal. Ao*(&n Ao*(&n to a U.S. Co&&on Co&&on on #()at&on #()at&on &n 155, t!*'' o% t!' %o)* '(&al !ool ;&t! t!' la*'t l&+*a*&' ;'*' !o'o-at!& oll''. An( at t!' t)*n o% t!' 'nt)*, t!'*' ;'*' a an a (&%%'*'nt !o'o-at!& o)*nal. Ho'o-at! -o-)la*&t &n t!' Un&t'( Stat' ;a o+/&o) an( (''-'at'(. An( 't, ;!'n *'a(&n ot +oo< on t!' !&to* o% A'*&an '(&&n', ;' %&n( l&ttl' o* no 'nt&on o% &t. !'n t!'*' & *'%'*'n', &t & 'n'*all ('*oato*, ('l'at&n !o'o-at! to an anoal &n '(&&n', '(&&n', a )lt t!at )lt&at'l (&a--'a*'(, (&a--'a*'(, a &'n' o% -la'+o *at!'* t!an *'al (*), o* a '(&al !'*'. It !a +''n a&( t!at !&to* & ;*&tt'n + t!' /&to*, not + t!' ('%'at'(. T!' !&to* o% A'*&an '(&&n' & +)t anot!'* o** '?a-l' o% t!& a?&.
152 O+.e'!%4e/ () !"e !"e /!$d* /!$d*
• • • •
To t)( t!' o*&&n o% !o'o-at!. To )n('*tan( t!' )'%)ln' o% !o'o-at!. To '?-lo*' (&a(/anta' o% !o'o-at!. To %&n( t!' &-o*tan' an( )a' o% !o'o-at! &n In(&a.
C"&:!e 25 H(,e(:&!" %n Ind%&
Hoo'o-at! ;a &nt*o()'( &n In(&a ;!'n o' G'*an &&ona*&' an( -!&&an ta* ta*t' t'( (
(&t (&t*& *&+) +)t& t&n n
!oo !oo'o 'o-a -at! t!& &
'(& '(&& &n' n'
aon aon tt
loa loall
&n!a &n!a+& +&ta tant nt. .
Ho;' Ho;'/' /'*, *,
Hoo'o-at! too< *oot &n In(&a &n 153 ;!'n *. Jo!n Ma*t&n Hon&+'*'* )'%)ll t*'at'( Ma!a*aa Ran&t S&n! %o* t!' -a*al& o% oal Co*(. *. Hon&+'*'* 'ttl'( &n ol
+) t
alo
&n
t!'
;!ol'
o)nt*.
O/'* t!' 'a*, t!' n)+'* o% aat')* !oo'o-at!& -*at&t&on'* -*at&t&on'* *'; t'a(&l an( ot o% t!' a--*oa!'( t!' Go/'*n'nt to ao*( *'on&t&on to Hoo'o-at!. T!' t)*n&n -o&nt a' a' &n 13 137 7 ;!'n ;!'n t!' C'nt C'nt*al *al L'& L'&la lat& t&/' /' A ' '+l +l *'ol *'ol/'( /'(,, 8T!at 8T!at t!& t!& A '+ '+l l *'o *'o'n( 'n( to t!' Go/' Go/'*no *no** G'n' G'n'*al *al &n Co)n& Co)n&ll t!at t!at !' a a +' -l'a -l'a'( '( to &nt*o &nt*o() ()'' Hoo'o-at!& t*'at'nt &n o/'*n'nt !o-&tal an( &/' !oo'o-at!& oll'' &n In(&a t!' a' tat) an( *'on&t&on a &n t!' a' o% allo-at!& allo-at!& oll''9. Lat'*, Lat'*, &n t!' 'a* 145, t!' a' A'+l a(o-t'( 't anot!'* *'ol)t&on a+o)t Hoo'o-at!, ;!&! ;a %ollo;'( + ont&t ont&t)t&o )t&on n o% t!' Hoo'o-a Hoo'o-at!& t!& #n:)&* #n:)&* Co&t Co&tt''. t''. In 14, 14, t!& t!& #n:)&* #n:)&* Co&t Co&tt'' t'' )+&tt'( &t *'-o*t *'o'n(&n t!at C'nt*al Hoo'o-at!& Co)n&l +' ont&t)t'(. In 1, a Hoo'o-at!& A(!o Co&tt'' "lat'* *'!*&t'n'( a Hoo'o-at!& A(/&o* Co&tt'' &n 14$ ;a ont&t)t'(, ;!&! ;a to a(/&' t!' Go/'*n'nt on all att'* *'lat'( to Hoo'o-at!, na'l !oo'o-at!& '()at&on, !oo'o-at!& *''a*!, *')lat&on o% -*at&', -!a*ao-o'&a, *)*al '(&al a&(, (*) an)%at)*', %a&l -lann&n, %&nan&al a&( to !o !oo'oo'o-at!& at!& oll'' oll'',, (&-'n (&-'na*&' a*&', , !o!o-&tal &tal an( oo-'*at oo-'*at&on &on ;&t! ;&t! Int'*nat Int'*nat&ona &onall Hoo'o-at!& M'(&al L'a)'. In 173, t!' 2a*l&a'nt -a'( t!' Hoo'o-at! C'nt*al Co)n Co)n& &ll At %o* %o* *') *')la lat& t&n n !oo !oo'o 'o-a -at! t!& & '() '()at at&o &on n an( an( -*a -*at& t&' ' &n t!' t!' o)n o)nt* t* .
#/'*
&n &n', Hoo'oo'o-aat! !a
*o *o;n
a a
Nat&onal onal St St' ' o% M'(&&n' &n' an( an(
'no Go/'*n'nt Go/'*n'nt )--o*t at nat&onal an( tat' l'/'l. No; a &n&%&ant &n&%&ant -'*'nta' o% t!' -'o-l' o-t %o* Hoo'o-at! %o* t!'&* a&l'nt. B'&(', t!'*' & a /at &n%*at*)t)*' o% !o-&tal, (&-'na*&', *''a*! &nt&t)t&on, '(&al oll'', *'&t'*'( '(&al -*at&t&on'* an( an( *'-) *'-)t' t'( ( -!a* -!a*a a& &' ' all all o/'* o/'* In(& In(&a. a. T! T!) ),, In(& In(&aa !a !a +'o +'o' ' t!' t!' ;o*l ;o*l( ( l'a( l'a('* '* &n Hoo'o-at! ;&t! t*''n(o) -ot'nt&al o% an-o;'* an( &nt&t)t&on. T!'*' !a/' +''n a n)+'* o% ot!'* ;'ll
Ma an( ot!'* o% Cal)tta, a(' Hoo'o-at! -o-)la* aon t!' a' o% B'nal. Lat +)t not t!' l'at, ;a t!' '*/&' *'n('*'( + *. C. J. To Tonn'*', nn'*', M.. t!' F*'n! Hoo'o-at!, -*o/'( Aal-!a In(&a &n t!' 'a* 151 ;a %&*t H'alt! O%%&'* o% t!' to;n o% Cal)tta an( lat'* !' 'ta+l&!'( Hoo'o-at!& Ho-&tal. In 1561, a /&*)l'nt '-&('& o% ala*&al %'/'* ;a *a&n o/'* lo;'* B'nal an( &t ;a at t!& )nt)*' t!at t!' *'at -!&lant!*o-&t, La Lat' t' Ba Ba+) +) Ra Ra'n 'n(*a (*a La Lall ) )tt ttaa, a la laan an,, t*)l t*)l la&( la&( t!' t!' %o)n %o)n(a (at& t&on on o% Hoo'o-at! an( ta*t'( &t -*at&' ;&t! ato)n(&n *')lt. H' on/'*t'( t!' *'(o)+ta+l' allo-at! an( !& o--on'nt, *. Ma!'n(*a Lal S&*a* , M.. .L., C.I. #. to Hoo'o-at!. *. 2.C. 2. C. Ma)(a* , M.. anot!'* Hoo'o-at! o% Cal)tta ta*t'( !& -*at&' &n 1564 an( la&( t! '
%o)n(at&on
o%
Cal)tta
Hoo'o-at!&
M'(&al
Coll''
&n
15 5 .
T!' 'a* 1567 & alo 'o*a+l' %o* t!' 'ta+l&!'nt o% Bana*a Hoo'o-at!& Ho-&tal ;&t! S!*& Lo<' Nat! Mo&t*a a 2!&&an In!a*'. In A))t 156 a !oo'o-at!& !a*&ta+l' !a*&ta+l' (&-'na* ;a ta*t'( at Alla!a+a( Alla!a+a( ;&t! S!*& 2*&a Nat! Bo' a t!' 2!&&an 2!&&an In !a*' o% t!' (&-'na* ;!&l' &n anot!'* &-o*tant &-o*tant '/'nt &n 1570 t!' Ma!a*aa o% Ja&-)* 'nt %o* *. *. Sala Salaa a** o% Cal) Cal)tt ttaa %o* %o* t!' t!' t*'at t*'at' 'nt nt o% !& !& ata* ata*at at.. F*o F*o t!& t!& t&' t&' on;a* on;a*( (,, !oo'o-at! -*'a( not onl &n B'nal, +)t alo to ot!'* -a*t o% In(&a. T!' R'/. Fat!'* M)ll'*, t!' *'at J')&t M&&ona* o% Manalo*' &n t!' So)t!D M*. 2. S)++a*a)l), t!' la*' !'a*t'( la;'* o% a<&na(a &n t!' #atD an( M*. . M. )l
t!& A(/&o* Co&tt'' ;a ta<'n o/'* + t!' M&n&t'* o% H'alt! an( S'*'ta* &n t!' M&n&t* o% H'alt! +'a' &t %&*t C!a&*an. Go/t. o% In(&a a--o&nt'( *. . G. Sa?'na a Sa?'na a %&*t Hono*a* Hoo'o-at!& Hoo'o-at!& A(/&o* &n 16. A Hoo'o-at!& 2!a*ao-o'&a 2!a*ao-o'&a Co&tt'' Co&tt'' ;a 'ta+l&!'( &n t!' 'a* 16 to la (o;n t!' tan(a*( o% Hoo'o-at!& (*). In 16 %o* t!' ('/'lo-'nt o% ISM = Hoo'o-at!& Hoo'o-at!& (*) an a)tonoo) a)tonoo) o)n&l ;a 'ta+l&!'(. 'ta+l&!'(. On 17t! ''+'* 173, C'nt*al Co)n&l o% Hoo'o-at! ;a 'ta+l&!'( + t!' Go/'*n'nt o% In(&a ;&t! t!' 'nat'nt o% C'nt*al Co)n&l o% Hoo'o-at! At, 173 ;&t! t!' %ollo;&n o+'t&/'.
&n l&t 16 *a()at' %*o In(&a ;!o t)(&'( at US !ool +'t;''n 150 an( 10. T!' 131 &*'to* *'-o*t'( t!'*' ;'*' an on*'l !o'o-at! &n Cal)tta. T!' S)-*'' Co)*t o% In(&a *''ntl *)l'( t!at on' o)l( -*at&' onl t!' t' %o* ;!&! !' & l&'n'( to -*at&'. T!' !o'o-at!& ('*'' & t!' BHMS an( HMS t!' Ba!'lo* an( oto*at' o% Ho'o-at!& M'(&al S&'n'. T!'*' a*' 07 o/'*n'nt o/'*n'nt an( -*&/at' &nt&t)t' &nt&t)t' &n In(&a t'a!&n !o'o-at!D !o'o-at!D all atta!'( to )n&/'* )n&/'*&t &t&' &'.. All t'a!& t'a!&n n &nt&t &nt&t)t& )t&on on !a/' !a/' !o !o-& -&ta tal l an( (&-' (&-'na na*& *&' ' atta! atta!'(. '(. In all all o/'* o/ '*n n'nt 'nt !o !o-&t -&tal al t!'*' t!'*' a*' !o !o'o'o-at! at!& & ;&n ;&n.. C&t C&t M) M)n& n&&&-al al Ho-& Ho-&tal tal !a/' !a/' a !o'o-at!& ;&n. !'t!'* all t!'' a*' /'* at&/' an( ;!at o*t o% !o'o-at! & -*at&'( a*' (&%%'*'nt :)'t&on. T!'*' a*' an 't&at'( 10,000 !o'o-at!& -*at&t&on'* &n In(&a. T!' o)nt* & *'-*''nt'( &n t!' LMHI. At t!' )**'nt t&', t!'*' a*' o/'* 10 %o)* o* %&/''a* !o'o-at!& '(&al !ool &n In(&a. N&n't''n o% t!' oll'' a*' a&nta&n'( + t!' tat', ot o% ;!&! a*' a%%&l&at'( ;&t! )n&/'*&t&'. An a*t&l' &n t!' o*l( H'alt! Fo*) tat'( t!at, In t!' In(&an )+ont&n'nt t!' l'al -o&t&on o% t!' -*at&t&on'* o% !o'o-at! !a +''n 'l'/at'( to a -*o%'&onal l'/'l &&la* to t!at o% a '(&al -*at&t&on'*.
T%,e%ne
In 1536 &n Tanoo*, *. Sa)'l B*oo
In 153 15361 6156 567 7 *. *. Ma!'n( Ma!'n(*a *a Lal Lal S&* S&*a* a*,, l'a* l'a*n'( n'( a+o)t a+o)t Hoo'o Hoo'o-at -at! ! %*o %*o a laa laan, n, Ra'n(*alal )tta, -o-)la*l
*'(&t. H' )*'( I;a* C!an(*a &(aaa* o% at!a an( alo )*'( an*'n' o% t!' %oot o% Ma!a*an& o% S!o*a-)*, an( *'atl &-*''( Raa S&* Ra(!a
On 16t! F'+*)a* 1567, *. S&*a* ;*ot' an a*t&l' on('n&n allo-at! t&tl'( 8On t!' S)--o'( S)--o'( Un'*ta Un'*ta&n&t &n&t &n M'(&al M'(&al S&'n' S&'n' an( t!' R'lat&o R'lat&on!& n!&- +'t;''n +'t;''n &'a' &'a' an( M'(&&n'9. H' ;a t!' %&*t an to ta*t a o)*nal on !oo'o-at! 8In(&a M'(&al R'/&';9 an( to att'n( t!' %&*t Hoo'o-at!& Nat&onal Con*' on%'*'n' )n('* t!' !a&*an!&- o% *. C. H'*&n.
In 1567 *. *. Sala* Sala* o% &'nna &'nna ;a t!' %o)n('* %o)n('* o% Hoo'oHoo'o-at!& at!& '()at&o '()at&on n &n In(&a. In(&a. H' &n%l)'n'( t;o -'*on to;a*( !oo'o-at! na'l *. 2. C. Ma)(a* an( *. B. L. B!a()*&. *. Ma)(a* alon ;&t! *. Ro, *. B. N. Ban'*'' Ban'*'' an( *. Yo)n Yo)nan an 'ta+l&!'( 'ta+l&!'( t!' %&*t Hoo'o-at!& Coll'' &n In(&a &n t!' 'a* 1575 )n('* t!' na' o% 8Cal)tta Hoo'o-at!& M'(&al Coll''9. *. S. C. G!o! -*o/'( an (*) %*o t!' In(&an !'*+ an( a/' t!' to !& -at&'nt &n lo; lo; -ot' -ot'n n ;&t! ;&t! *'a *'att *') *')lt lt. . H' oo-&l &l'( '( a +oo< +oo< na' na'( ( 8*) 8*) o% H&n( H&n() )ta tan9 n9.. Un%o*t)nat'l, no+o( not&'( t!& +oo<, )nt&l 170171, ;!'n t!' 8C'nt*al Co)n&l %o* R''a*! &n In(&an M'(&&n' an( Hoo'o-at!9 "CCRIM = H$ )n'a*t!'( t!' +oo< an( a n)+'* o% (*) ;'*' -*o/'(.
In A))t 156, a B'nal& na'( Ba+) 2*&anat! Bo' ta*t'( a !o-&tal ;&t! an O2 "O)t 2at&'nt '-a*t'nt$ '-a*t'nt$ &n Alla!a+a(. It ;a at t!& 'nt*' t!at M*. Mot&lal N'!*) too< t*'at'nt ()*&n !& t*)l' %o* %*''(o.
In 1550 Fat!'* A))t) M)'ll'*, a -*&'t an( t'a!'* o% a !ool %o)n('( + t!' So&'t o% J') &n an
In 10 t!'*' ;a an '-&('& o% -n')on& -la)' an( Fat!'* A))t) M)ll'* t*'at'( ot o% t!' -'o-l' )'%)ll. )'%)ll. H' 'ta+l&!'( a -la)' an( l'-*o l&n&. S''&n t!&, t!' B*&t&! -*''nt'( !& ;&t! t!' 8a&'*'H&n(9 a;a*(. H' alo ;*ot' a +oo< 'nt&tl'( 8T; 8 T;'l/' 'l/' T&)' R''(&'9.
In 137 t!' B*&t&! o/'*n'nt o/'*n'nt !a( not *'on&'( t!& t' o% '(&&n' an( &t ;a %o* t!' %&*t t&' t!at M.L.A. M&an G!&a)(&(&n -a'( a *')lat&on &n t!' B'nal A'+l to allo; *'on&t&on an( -at*ona' to !oo'o-at!. T!), !oo'o-at! ;a &nt*o()'( &n B'nal %o* t!' %&*t t&' &n t!' -*'&n('-'n('n' 'a*. A%t'* &n('-'n('n', t!' Go/'*n'nt ;a o*' -at!'t& an( on 17t! F'+)*a*145, S&* Sat& C!an(*a Saanta, M.2 %*o 'tB'nal, -&lot'( a o/' &n t!' ont&t)'nt a'+l to 'ta+l&! a C'nt*al A&tat&on Bo( &.'. C'nt*al Co)n&l o% Hoo'o-at!. T!& ;a -a'( a%t'* a o(&%&at&on + M*. Mo!an Lal Sa?'na M.2 "U.2$. It ;a )--o*t'( + *. 2atta+!& S&ta*aaa, t!' 2*'&('nt o% In(&a. So' o% t!' &-o*tant &t' &n t!' (*a%t -*o-oal &/'n + t!' *'-*''ntat&/' o% t!' All In(&a Int&t)t' o% Hoo'o-at! to t!' Go/'*n'nt o% In(&a ;a o% *'at !'l- to -)t t!' '()at&on o% !oo'o-at! on a %&* +a'.
In 144, t!' Go/'*n'nt o% In(&a 't )- a %&/' '+'* o&tt'' ;&t! t!' Lat' *. L. . !a;al' +'&n on' o% &t '+'*. H' *':)'t'( t!' Go/'*n'nt to *'on&' an( allo; Hoo'o-at!& -*at&' an( t'a!&n. H' ;*ot' a +oo< &n Ma*at!& all'( t!' 8Hoo'o-at!& C!&<&ta9. H' ;a t!' -'a*!'a( &n ta*t&n t!' 8Go/'*n'nt Hoo'o-at!& Ho-&tal9.
In 146 t!' 8Co)n&l o% Hoo'o-at!9 o% 't B'nal ;a 'ta+l&!'( ;&t! !oo'o-at! +'&n *'on&'(. *'on&'( . *. B. . Sa*
In 1 11 1 4 4 t!' t!' Nat& Nat&on onal al Con Con*' *' Go/' Go/'*n *n' 'nt nt a--o a--o&n &nt' t'( ( a al alll o o&t &tt' t''' Hoo'o-at!& R'%'*'n' Co&tt'' ont&t)t'( + Ra<)a*& A*&t a)*, t!' Un&on H'alt! M&n&t'* o% In(&a "1$. *. J. C. M)<'*'' ;a no&nat'( a !a&*an o% t!& o&tt'' o-*&&n o% &? !oo'o-at!& -*at&t&on'* an( %o)* allo-at!.
In 16, t!' n''( %o* *'at&n a -ot o% Hono*a* A(/&o* &n t!' o&tt'' ;a %'lt. Ho;'/'*, t!' Go/'*n'nt a--*o/'( o% t!& -ot &n 160, an( *. *&!na Go-al Sa?'na ;a t!' %&*t to +' a--o&nt'(. T!' Go/'*n'nt o% In(&a ont&t)t'( a C'nt*al Co)n&l o% H'alt!, ;!&! ;a a o&tt'' o&tt'' o% H'alt! M&n&t'* %*o all tat' an( ;a !'a('( + t!' Un&on M&n&t'*. T!& T!& o&tt'' )'( to ''t ''t on' on' a 'a*. 'a*. It -a' -a'( ( a *'ol *'ol)t& )t&on on t!at t!at 'a! 'a! tat' tat' ;o)l( ;o)l( &/' *'on *'on&t &t&o &on n to Hoo'o-at!& oll'' %*o 160. Anot!'* *'ol)t&on -a'( ;a t!at t!' Go/'*n'nt o% In(&a !o)l( ont&t)t' a +o( to 'n%o*' *')lat&on an( -*oot' *''a*! &n !oo'o-at!. T!' Ma!a*a!t*a At ;a -a'( &n 160. It ont&t)t'( t;o +o(&' 1$ Co)*t o% #?a&n'* "on'*n'( ;&t! '()at&on an( n'; oll''$. $ Boa* Boa*( ( o% !oo !oo'o 'o-a -at! t! "on "on' '*n *n'( '( ;&t! ;&t! t!' t!' *') *')la lat& t&on on o% -*a -*at& t&' ' an( an( l&' l&'n n&n &n !oo'o-at!& -*at&t&on'*$. T!& At ;a
M'(&&n'9 ;!&! ;a %o*'l '(&t'( + *. . N. aa(. C)**'ntl, &t & '(&t'( + *. 2*a%)lBa*/al&a. *. B)*o* Boan B'!*a ;a an M.B.B.S., ;!o ;a -*at&&n !oo'o-at!. H' (&'( /'* *''ntl. *. U. M. M'non, t!o)! not a :)al&%&'( !oo'o-at!, a:)&*'( a lot o% ;'alt! o%
In 166, t!' C'nt*al Go/'*n'nt, )n('* t!' M&n&t* o% H'alt! -a'( a +&ll, ;!&! ;a a o&nt +&ll %o* 'tt&n )- a C'nt*al Co)n&l o% t!' In(&an t' t' o% M'(&&n' an( Hoo'o-at!. T!& at ;a -a'( &n 16, ;!'n A)*/'(a ;a *'on&'( an( t!' C'nt*al Co)n&l o% A)*/'(a A)*/'(a ;a %o*'(.
In 170, t!' Go/'*n'nt -*o-o'( a '-a*at' +&ll on !oo'o-at!. It too< on' 'a* +'%o*' t!& +&ll ;a )+&tt'( to t!' -a*l&a'nt a n'; !'alt! &n&t'* !a( +''n a--o&nt'(. T!' 2*&' M&n&t'* a/' on'nt to -a t!& +&ll &n 171, +)t )n%o*t)nat'l, )n%o*t)nat'l, +'a)' o% &(t'* 'l't&on, &t ;a ('la'(.
On 3*( A-*&l 17, &t ;a &nt*o()'( &n t!' Raa Sa+!a. A Jo&nt S'l't Co&tt'' )n('* t!' !a&* !a&*an an!& !&- o% St. St. 2)*a+ 2)*a+&& M) M)
On 1t! 1t! '' '' +'* +'* 173 173,, t!' t!' 2*' 2*'&( &('n 'ntt a/' a/' !& !& on on'n 'ntt to t!' t!' +&ll +&ll an( an( t!) t!) t!' t!' 8Hoo'o-at! C'nt*al Co)n&l At 173 ;a -a'(. T!' n''&t o% t!& +&ll ;a %'lt lon +a< +'a)' ot o% t!' tat' !a( *'on&'( oll'' +)t t!' o)*' ;a not 'ta+l&!'(. T!'*'%o*', t!'*' ;a a lot o% on%)&on a (oto* o)l( not &*at' to ot!'* tat' to -*at&'. T!& At a!&'/'( t!' %ollo;&n "1$ Stan(a*(&at&on o% '()at&on.
"$ Stan(a*(&at&on o% -*at&'. )*&n t!& t&', t!' Go/'*n'nt o% In(&a ont&t)t'( a *''a*! o*an&at&on all'( t!' C'nt*al Co)n&l %o* R''a*! &n In(&an M'(&&n' an( Hoo'o-at! "CCRIM = H$.
In 17, t!' C'nt*al R''a*! Int&t)t' at Cal)tta ;a 'ta+l&!'( + t!' Go/'*n'nt o% In(&a an( t!*'' *'&onal *''a*! &nt&t)t' ;'*' 't )- at 'l!&, ottaa an( O*&a. In t!& 'a*, t!' *''a*! o)n&l ;a (&/&('( &nto t!*'' &n('-'n('nt +o(&' 1$ C'nt*al Co)n&l %o* *''a*! &n A)*/'(a. $ C'nt*al Co)n&l %o* *''a*! &n Unan&. 3$ C'nt*al Co)n&l %o* *''a*! &n Hoo'o-at!. T!' !'a(:)a*t'* o% t!' C'nt*al Co)n&l %o* Hoo'o-at!@ ;a at G!a&a+a( &n 'l!&. 2*''ntl, t!'*' a*' 00 )n&t an( 10 *'&onal &nt&t)t'. T!' C'nt*al Co)n&l o% Hoo'o-at! alon ;&t! ot!'* *'o'n(at&on, %o*'( a )n&%o* lla+) %o* (&-loa, ('*'' an( l&n<'( o)*' "(&-loa !ol('* o% n'; o)*' an( (&-loa !ol('* o% ol( o)*'$. T!' ;'*' all'( .H.M.S., .H.M.S., B.H.M.S. B.H.M.S. an( B.H.M.S. B.H.M.S. "*a('( ('*''$ *'-'t&/'l.
INDIAN INSTITUTES
15 N&!%(n& N&!%(n& In/!%!$! In/!%!$!ee () H(,(e(:&! H(,(e(:&!" " 7 7(;&! (;&!& &
T!' Nat&onal Int&t)t' o% Hoo'o-at! "NIH$ ;a 'ta+l&!'( on 10 ''+'* 17 &n ol
25 De:& De:&! !,en ,en!! () AY AYUSH USH
'-a*t'nt o% In(&an St' o% M'(&&n' an( Hoo'o-at! "ISM=H$ ;a *'at'( &n Ma*!,1 Ma*!,1 an( *'na'( a '-a*t'nt '-a*t'nt o% A)*/'(a, A)*/'(a, Yoa Yoa = Nat)*o-at!, Nat)*o-at!, Unan&, S&((!a an( Hoo'o-at! "AYUSH$ &n No/'+'*, 003 ;&t! a /&'; to -*o/&(&n %o)'( att'nt&on to ('/'lo-'nt ('/'lo-'nt o% #()at&on #()at&on = R''a*! R''a*! &n A)*/'(a, A)*/'(a, Yo Yoa = Nat)*o-at!, Nat)*o-at!, Unan&, S&((!a an( Hoo'o-at! t'. T!' '-a*t'nt ont&n)'( to la '-!a& on )- *a(at&on o% AYUSH '()at&onal tan(a*(, :)al&t ont*ol an( tan(a*(&at&on o% (*), &-*o/&n t!' a/a&la+&l&t o% '(&&nal -lant at'*&al, *''a*! an( ('/'lo-'nt an( a;a*'n' 'n'*at&on a+o)t t!' '%%&a o% t!' t' (o't&all an( &nt'*nat&onall.
O+'t&/' •
To )- )-*a *a(' (' t!' '()at '()at&on &onal al tan( tan(a*( a*( &n t!' In(&an In(&an St' St' o% M'(& M'(&&n &n' ' an(
•
Hoo'o-at! oll'' &n t!' o)nt*. To t*'n t*'nt! t!'n 'n '?&t& '?&t&n n *''a *''a* *! ! &nt& &nt&t)t t)t&o &on n an( 'n)* 'n)*'' a t&'+ t&'+o)n o)n( ( *''a *''a*! *!
•
-*o*a' on &('nt&%&'( (&'a' %o* ;!&! t!'' t' !a/' an '%%'t&/' t*'at'nt. t*'at 'nt. To (*a; )- !'' %o* -*oot&on, )lt&/at&on an( *''n'*at&on o% '(&&nal -lant
•
)'( &n t!'' t'. To '/ol '/ol/' /' 2!a* 2!a* aoao-o' o'&a &all tan tan(a (a*( *( %o* %o* In(& In(&an an St St' ' o% M'(& M'(&& &n' n' an( an( Hoo'o-at! (*).
251 De4e(:,en!
Lat' Lat' *. *. Ma(!a+ Ma(!a+ C!an( C!an( Ban'*'' Ban'*'',, L.M.S. L.M.S. ;a -'*!a- -'*!a- t!' %&*t %&*t *')la* *')la* !o !oo'oo'o-at!& at!& -*at&t&on'* &n 'l!&. H' ta*t'( -*at&' &n 10 an( ;a /'* -o-)la*. -o -)la*. In 10 Ra& Sa!&+ Sa! &+ *. aa S!an<'* aat!a ;!o !a( o+ta&n'( !& M.. '*'' %*o M&!&an &n U.S.A. ot on/'*t'( to Hoo'o-at! an( %o* '/'*al 'a* ta)!t t!' )+'t to a n)+'* o% o%%&&al &n t!' Go/t. o% In(&a + !ol(&n *')la* la' &n t!' C'nt*al S'*'ta*&at, an( lat'* at !& o;n l&n& &n C!an(n& !o;<. At t!' a' t&', *. Y)(!/&* S&n! alo ta*t'( !& -*at&' &n C!an(n& C!o;<, 'l!&. H' %&*t ta*t'( a %*'' !oo'o-at!& (&-'na* ;&t! t!' !'l- o% M&* Mo!(. H)a&n Sa!&+, M)n&&-al Co&&on'*, &n 15. Follo;&n t!' -a*t&t&on o% In(&a, a n)+'* o% !oo'o-at!& -*at&t&on'* %*o t!' 2)na+ a' an( 'ttl'( &n 'l!&. Aon t!' t!' t!' t!' lat' lat' * *.. &; &;an an Ja& C!a C!an( n( an( t!' lat' *. *. .. a!aa!a-,, +ot! on/'*t on/'*t %*o Allo-at! oon +'a' (&t&n)&!'( &n t!'&* ;o*< an( a/' a %&ll&- to Hoo'o-at! &n 'l!&. Aon t!' -at tal;a*t o% Hoo'o-at! &n 'l!& a*' t!' lat' (oto* R)- Na*a&n, Ra&n('* )a*, 2.S. 2.S. S'!a, B&!a+'* a an( 2.N. 2.N. B!atnaa*. T!'*'a%t'* a la*' la *' n)+'* o% -*at&t&on'* 't )) - t!'&* -*&/at' -*at&' an( a n)+'* o% %*'' (&-'na*&' (&-' na*&' ;'*' o-'n'(, o' o% t!' ;'*' a&('( + t!' 'l!& M)n&&-al Co&tt'' an( 'l!& &t*&t Boa*(. L'&lat&on an( Go/'*n'nt !'l-. T!' 'l!& Hoo'o-at!& At ;a -a'( &n 16 an( a' &nto %o*' on 1.10.16 t!*o)! t!' oo( o%%&' o% *. Y)(!/&* S&n!, S&n!, ;!o ;a t!' t!'n H'alt! M&n&t'* o% t!' !o*tl&/'( L'&lat&/' A'+l &n 'l!& &n t!o' (a. Un('* t!' At, a Boa*( Boa*( o% Hoo Hoo'oa 'oa-t! -t!& & St' St' o% M'(& M'(&&n' &n',, 'l! 'l!&& ;a ;a 'ta+l 'ta+l& &!'( !'( &n No/' No/'+'* +'* 161.N'!*) 161.N'!*) Hoo'o-at!& M'(&al Coll'' an( Ho-&tal ;a a%%&l&at'( a%%&l&at'( to t!' Boa*( an( t!' Boa*( a;a*('( t!' &-loa :)al&%&at&on a%t'* o-l't&on o% 4 'a* o)*'. &t! a /&'; to -*'-a*' t!' a(*' o% t'a!'*>'?a&n'* 't., t!' Boa*( !a( on()t'( a &-loa #?a&nat&on allo;&n -*&/at' an(&(at' to ta<' t!' %&nal '?a&nat&on %o* t!' %&*t t!*'' 'a* +'&nn&n %*o 16. A la*' n)+'* o% -*&/at' -*at&t&on'* %*o all o/'* In(&a an( on' %*o S*& Lan
'l!&A(&n&t*at&on.
T;'nt ;'nt'&! '&!tt !oo'o!oo'o-at!& at!& (&-'na (&-'na*&' *&' ;'*' ;'*' o-'n'( o-'n'( &n &n 175. 175. On '' ''+'* +'* 13 13 L'&lat&/' A'+l o% 'l!& ;a ont&t)t'( an( t!' t!'n 'l!& A(&n&t*at&on O%%&' ;'*' on/'*t'( to Go/t. o% Nat&onal Ca-&tal o% T'**&to* o% 'l!& O%%&'. &t! t!& 'l!& !a( a n'; o)tloo< o)tloo< to;a*( to;a*( &t o/'*all o/'*all ('/'lo- ('/'lo-'nt 'nt &nl)(&n &nl)(&n !'alt!, !'alt!, an&tat an&tat&on, &on, '()at&o '()at&on, n, t*an-o* t*an-o*t, t, la; an( o*('* o*('* 't. T!& T!& Go/'*n Go/'*n'nt 'nt ont&t ont&t)t'( )t'( a Hoo'o-a Hoo'o-at!& t!& A(/&o* A(/&o* Co&tt'' )n('* t!' !a&*an!&- o% *. o% *. . G. Sa?'na &n Sa?'na &n 14 %o* t!' ('/'lo-'nt an( '?-an&on o% Hoo'o-at! &n 'l!&. Go/t. o% 'l!& !a( ('&n'( /a*&o) 2lan S!'' %o* t!' ('/'lo-'nt an( '?-an&on o% Hoo'o-at! an( t!' &n&t&at&/' ta<'n &n t!' -at %'; 'a* & o o'n 'n(a (a+l +l'. '. &*' &*'t to* o*at at'' o% In(& In(&an an St St' ' o% M'(& M'(&& &n' n' an( an( Hoo Hoo'o 'o-a -at! t! ;a ;a 'ta+l&!'( &n 'l!& on 1t A))t 16 ;&t! a '-a*at' ;&n o% Hoo'o-at! &n t!' -*'&' o% N'!*) Hoo'o-at!& M'(&al Coll'' an( Ho-&tal ;a a t'- to;a*( t!' ('/'lo-'nt o% t!' &n%*a &n%*at t*) *)t)* t)*'. '. S&n' S&n' t!'n t!'n t!& t!& &*' &*'to to*at *at'' !a ao ao-l& -l&!' !'( ( a lot lot %o* '?-an '?-an&o &on n o% Hoo'o Hoo'o-at -at! ! &n 'l! 'l!&. &. T! T!'' -*''n -*''ntt &n%*a &n%*at* t*)t )t)* )*'' o% Hoo Hoo'o'o-at! at! o-*& o-*&' ' o% t;o t;o !oo'o-at!& oll'' N'!*) Hoo'o-at!& M'(&al Coll'' = Ho-&tal an( *. B. R. S)* Hoo'o-at!& M'(&al Coll'' an( Ho-&tal, Hoo'o-at!& &-'na*&', a *''a*! an( ('/'lo-'nt ('/'lo-'nt C'nt*' "&ll& "&ll& Hoo'o-at!& Hoo'o-at!& An)an(!an2a*&!a($ An)an(!an2a*&!a($ an( a Stat)to* Stat)to* Bo( "Boa*( o% Hoo'o-at!& St' o% M'(&&n'$. Go/t. o% 'l!& !a alo ta*t'( 4 n'; !oo'o-at!& !oo'o-at!& (&-'na*&' an( no; t!'*' a*' !oo'o-at!& (&-'na*&' on l&t. T!' 'a* 15 ;a a*<'( ;&t! t!' &ntallat&on o% t!' Stat)t' o% *. Han!''nn on 10t! A-*&l + t!' Ho' M&n&t'* o% In(&a on !& 34 t! +&*t!(a at t!' G)a( 2a*< &n '%'n' Colon, Colon, N'; 'l!& to &/' ()' *'on&t&on to t!' Fo)n('* o% Hoo'o-at!. On 1t Oto+'* Go/t. o% 'l!& !a( ta<'n o/'* t!' &nt&t)t&on o% *. B. R. S)* Hoo'o-at!& M'(&al, Coll'' an( R''a*! C'nt*' %*o a -*&/at' ana''nt.
Re/e&'" S/!e, %n H(,e(:&!"
Go/'*n'nt o% In(&a 'ta+l&!'( t!' CCRIM=H &n 16. 175 &t ;a (&ol/'( an( %o)* &n('-'n('nt R''a*! o)n&l ;'*' 'ta+l&!'(. CCRH ;a ont&t)t'( on 30t! a*! 175. No; &t at a an a)tonoo) o*an&at&on. o *an&at&on. A& = O+'t&/' o% t!' *''a*! o)n&l. To %o*)lat' a& an( -att'*n o% *''a*! on &'nt&% &'nt&%& & l&n' l&n' &n Ho'o-a Ho'o-at! t!.. To )n('*ta< )n('*ta<'' *''a* *''a*! ! o* ot!'* ot!'* -*o*a -*o*a' '.. To &n&t&at' &n&t&at',, ('/' ('/'lo lo- an( an( oo* oo*(& (&na nat' t' &' &'nt nt&% &%& & *'' *''a* a*! ! &n %)n( %)n(a a'n 'nta tall an( an( a--l a--l&' &'( ( a-' a-'t t o%
Ho'o-a Ho'o-at! t!.. To '?!an' '?!an' &n%o*a &n%o*at&on t&on ;&t! ;&t! ot!'* ot!'* &nt&t)t &nt&t)t&on &on,, ao&at ao&at&on &on an( o&'t&' o&'t&' &nt'*'t'( &n t!' o+'t&/' &&la* to t!o' o% C'nt*al Co)n&l an( '-'&all &n o+'*/at&on an( t)( o% (&'a'. To -*oot' an( a&t &nt&t)t&on o% *''a*! %o* t!' t)( o% (&'a', t!'&* -*'/'nt&on an( )*', '-'&all ;&t! '-!a& %o* o/'*&n t!' *)*al -o-)lat&on o% t!' o)nt*. To -*'-a*', -*&nt, -)+l&! an( '?!&+&t -a-'*, -ot'*, -a-!l't, -'*&o(&al an( +oo< %o* % o* %)*t!'*an' %)*t!' *an' o% t!' o+'t&/' o+' t&/' o% t!' C'nt*al C'nt* al Co)n&l an( ont*&+)t' ont* &+)t' to t!' l&t'*at)*'. l&t'*a t)*'. To o%%'* -*&' an( *ant !ola*!&- &n %)*t!'*an' o% t!' o+'t&/' o% t!' Co)n&lD C'nt*al Co)n&l Co)n&l o% R''a*! R''a*! !a a n't;o*< o% *''a*! )n&t an( 'nt'* &n (&%%'*'nt tat' o% t!' o)nt*. T!'*' a*' a+o)t 60 *''a*! )n&t )--o*t'( + CCRH -*'a( a*o t!' o)nt*.
F$nd%n#
T!' total +)('t alloat'( + o/'*n'nt o% In(&a %o* t!' ('/'lo-'nt o% In(&an t' o% M'(&&n' an( Ho'o-at! !a +''n &n*'a&n o/'*t&'. In t!' %&*t -lan, +)('t alloat'( %o* ISM=H ;a )t R 0.40 *o*' ;!&! !a &n*'a'( to R. .13 *o*' %o* t!' &nl' 'a* 1 000. )*&n 5t! an( t! -lan, *'o)*' allott'( %o* t!' ('/'lo-'nt ;a R 104.43 *o*' an( R 66.3 *o*' *'-'t&/'l. *'-'t&/'l. T!'' %&)*' !o; t!' *o;&n *'al&at&on + o/'*n'nt o/'*n'nt o% t!' &-o*tan' o% alt'*nat&/' t' o% '(&&n'. C)**'ntl, t!' +)('t alloat'( to ISM=H & R .4 *o*' %o* t!' ('/'lo-'nt an( '?-'n(&t)*' o% %o)* 'nt*al *''a*! o)n&l, o% ;!&! Ho'o-at! ao)nt %o* 16.43 *o*' alon'. In t!& ont'?t &t ;o)l( +' &nt'*'t&n to not' t!at &n o' #)*o-'an o)nt*&' alo %)n( !a/' +''n alloat'( %o* %)*t!'*&n *''a*! &n t!' %&'l( o% Ho'o-at!. Go/'*n'nt &n %o)* o)nt*&' o% #)*o-' No*;a, G'*an, N't!'*lan( an( Un&t'( &n(o !a/' *ant'( %)n( %o* *''a*! ;o*< &n o-l''nta* an( alt'*nat&/' '(&&n'. Fo* '?a-l', &n No*;a o/'*n'nt alloat' a total o% &ll&on *on'*, an( ao*&t o% t!& o' to *''a*! -*o't on Ho'o-at! an( a)-)nt)*'. !&l' &n G'*an 6 &ll&on G'*an a*< !a/' +''n &/'n %o* *''a*! on Ho'o-at!.
H(/:%!&/ &nd D%/:en/&%e/
Ho-&tal an( (&-'na*&' a*' t!' &-o*tant -a*t o% &n%*at*)t)*' o% t!' an '(&&n' t'. T!'&* *o;t! &n a o)nt* an +' ta<'n a t!' &n(&ato* o% *o;&n &-o*tan' &-o*tan' an( -o-)la*&t -o-)la*&t o% t!' t' aon a'. T!& *o;t! -*o/&(' )t&%&at&on %o* t!' &n*'a'( %o) an(
'?-'n' on t!' '(&&n' t' a ;!ol'. St)(&n St)(&n t!' -at %'; 'a* t*'n( ;' an a t!at t!'*' !a +''n an &n*'a' &n t!' n)+'* o% !o'o-at!& (&-'na*&' an( !o-&tal. T!' n)+'* o% !o-&tal o;n'( + t!' o/'*n'nt o/'*n'nt t&ll 16 ;'*' *'at'* t!an t!' n)+'* o;n'( + ot!'* -*&/at' an( /ol)nta* o*an&at&on, +)t t!& (&%%'*'n' ;a /'* all. Go/'*n'nt at&/'l -a*t&&-at' &n 'tt&n )- o% t!' (&-'na*&' an( ana&n t!'.
CHAPTER 35 Re/e&'" Me!"(d((#
T!& t)( & +a'( on 'on(a* (ata
SECONDARY DATA
S'on(a* (ata a*' t!o' (ata, ;!&! a*' al*'a( -)+l&!'(. It a +' )'%)l %o* an ot!'* -'o-l' t!an t!' *''a*!'* ;!o !a !a -)+l&!'( -)+ l&!'( &t. T!'*' a*' /a*&o) o)*' o% 'on(a* 'on(a* (ata oll't&on. T!'*' a*' /a*&o) o)*' o% 'on(a* (ata l&<' *''a*! -a-'*, -'*&o(&al, 'nlo-'(&a, -)+l&!'( *''a*!', (ata+a' o-an&' 't. *'lat&on, -*&' 't. I ao*l )'( t!' o)*' t!' ;o*l( !a*' &t
Re/e&'" De/%#n De/'%:!%4e e/e&'"
'*&-t&/' '*&-t&/' *''a*! & )'( to ('*&+' !a*at'*&t& !a*at'*&t& o% a -o-)lat&on o* -!'no'non -!'no'non +'&n t)(&'(. t)(&'(. It (o' not an;'* an;'* :)'t&on :)'t&on a+o)t a+o)t !o;>;! !o;>;!'n>; 'n>;! ! t!' !a*at' !a*at'*&t *&t& & o)**'( o)**'(.. Rat!'* &t a((*'' t!' ;!at :)'t&on "!at a*' t!' !a*at'*&t& o% t!' -o-)lat&on o* &t)at&on +'&n t)(&'($.
C"&:!e 5 F%nd%n#/
51 Ad4&n!&#e/ () H(,e(:&!"*
Ho'oHo'o-at at! ! & a t*'a t*'a o% t*'at t*'at&n &n (&'a' (&'a' + + a(&n&t'*&n all (o' o% o*an& )+tan' t!at ;o)l( &/' *&' to t!' -to o% (&'a' &n a !'alt! -'*on. In ot!'*
;o*(, t!' +a& )&('l&n' o% !o'o-at!& *''(&' & )*&n t!' l&<' ;&t! t!' l&<' t!' )+tan' *'-on&+l' %o* a (&'a' a*' alo t!' *''( %o* t!' a' (&'a'. T!' /a*&o) a-'t, '-'&all t!' a(/anta', o% !o'o-at! !a/' +''n (&)'( &n t!& a*t&l'.
#%%'t&/'n' It !a +''n -*o/'( t!at !o'o-at!& *''(&' a*' '%%'t&/' &n t!' t*'at'nt o% all -o&+l' t-' o% !'alt! on(&t&on &n &ll&on an( &ll&on o% -at&'nt a*o t!' lo+'.
Con&t'n In '%%'t, t!' a' !o'o-at!& *''(&' !a/' +''n '-lo'( to t*'at t!' a' !'alt! on(&t&on, ('-'n(&n on t!' a' &n an( -to. It & ;o*t! 'nt&on&n !'*' t!at !o'o-at!& *''(&' n'/'* o o)t o% %a!&on, an( t!' alo n'/'* /an&! %*o t!' !'l/' on t!' *o)n( t!at t!' a*' no o*' /al)a+l'.
Nat)*aln' Ho'o-at! (o' not a<' )' o% ana(' -*o()t, +)t ('-'n( on t!' )*at&/' att*&+)t' o% -lant an(, an&al )+tan' a ;'ll a &n'*al. T!' a*' )t&l&'( &n t!'&* 'nt&*', no*al on(&t&on, an( n'/'* &n t!' %o* o% '-a*at' !'&al.
Sa%'t Ho'oHo'o-at at! ! & alot alot non nont to?& o?&, , ('/o&( ('/o&( o% an a(/'* a(/'*'' &(' &(' '%%' '%%'t t ;!at' ;!at'/'* /'*.. U U&n &n !o'o-at!& *''(&' (o' not -*''nt an !aa*( o% to?&&t to?&&t,, '/'n &% an &n(&/&()al on)' '/'*al '/'*al +ottl' +ottl' o% t!& '(&at&o '(&at&on, n, o* on' &n't t!' ;*on ;*on '(&at '(&at&on &on + &ta<' &ta<'.. In a((&t& a((&t&on, on, &n t!' t!' a' a' o% !o !o'o 'o-at -at!& !& *''(& *''(&' ' t!'*' t!'*' & no (*) (*) *'&() *'&()', ',('-'n('n' ('-'n('n' o* o* a))lat&on o% 'n()*an', '/'n ;!'n t!' a*' )'( %o* a -*olon'( -'*&o( o% t&'.
Non&n/a&/'n' Ho'o-at!& '(&at&on ;o*< &n t!' %o* o% atalt, %a&l&tat&n all t!' nat)*al -*o'' o% t!' +o(, &nt'a( o% 'tt&n &n t!' ;a o% ('l&at' an( no*al %)nt&on. In t!& *'a*(,
!o'o-at!& *''(&' a*' /'* &l(, &nt'a( o% +'&n /&&o) o* )nta+l'. On t!' ont*a*, t!' at)all o-l ;&t! a ;'ll a on'*/' t!' o-l&at'( 'an o% t!' +&olo&al t*)t)*'.
Non)--*'&on S'/'*al on/'nt&onal t!'*a-&' to- o* ('t'*&o*at' t!' &)n' &)n'a a ;'ll n')*olo&al *'-on' + 'an o% )t 'tt&n ' tt&n &n t!' ;a o% t!' (&%%'*'nt ( &%%'*'nt no*al -*o'' o% t!' +o(. S)! t-' o% *'t*a&nt & a&( to *')lt &n o*' *a/' -*o+l' a%t'*;a*(. On t!' ont*a*, !o'o-at!& *''(&' (o at, +)t n'/'* !ol( +a<, '/'n ;!'n t!' a*' )'( to t*'at -a&n t*'at -a&n o* o* &n%laat&on. #a' o% )' '-&t' t!' &nt*&a&' o% '-lo&n !o'o-at!& *''(&' on a -'&al&'( l'/'l, %o* *a/' a&l'nt, !o'o-at! a alo +' '%%'t)all '-lo'( '/'n at !o' ;&t! o' ''nt&al '(&at&on.
Fa&l+a'( '(&&n' Ho'o-at!& *''(&' a*' ot a--*o-*&at' %o* +ot! !&l(*'n an( 'l('*l. In a((&t&on, t!' a*' alo )&ta+l' %o* 'n()*&n t*'at'nt ;!'*'&n t!'*' & an '?t*''l 'n)&n' on'*n *'a*(&n t!' to?&&t a ;'ll a t!' a(/'*' &(' '%%'t a)'( o;&n to t!' )' o% ot!'* &nt'*& a ;'ll a lont'* '(&at&on.
In(&/&()al&t T!' 'ta+ol& 'ta+ol&,, *'at&on, +&o!'&t* a ;'ll a t!' -to o% (&'a' /a* '?t*''l %*o on' &n(&/&()al to anot!'*. In '/'* ann'* 'nt&on'( !'*', !o'o-at! '-lo a *''( t!at -*'&'l )&t t!' *':)&*''nt o% an &n(&/&()al, &nt'a( o% *')la*l )&n t!' a' '(&at&on &n all &ntan' o% an -'&%& a&l'nt.
A)t' -*'/'nt&on It & &-o* &-o*ta tant nt to not' not' t!at t!at !o !o'o'o-at! at!& & '(& '(&at& at&on on a +' '-l '-lo' o'( ( to t!;a* t!;a*tt t!' o'n o'n''n ''ntt o% '/'*al '/'*al on(&t&o on(&t&on, n, o)nt&n o)nt&n na)'a na)'a,, all' all'*& *& *'a *'at&o t&on n an( onta&o) a&l'nt l&<' a&l'nt l&<'ol( ol( an( an( 'al' 'al'.. T!'' *''(&' a +' )'( to a/'*t '?'&/' t*a&n&n o% t!'
)l', a/o&( an ta' %*&!t a ;'ll a a )*' %o* t!' l&<'l '%%'t o% &nt'-'*an', lat' n&!t o)t&n o* '/'n ;o*<&n too !a*(.
C!*on& -*'/'nt&on 2*o%'&onal !o'o-at!& t*'at'nt !a t!' a+&l&t to (o a;a ;&t! '/'*al lat'nt !*on& a&l'nt a&l'nt '/'n +'%o*' t!' ta*t on, o* alo !a t!' a-t&t)(' to t!;a*t t!'&* a(/an''nt a(/an''nt &n t!' &n&t&al -!a'.
Cont&t)t&onal !an' &&&la* to an ot!'* *'on&'( '(&al t', !o'o-at! !a t!' a+&l&t to alt'* t!' +a&, &n+o*n (&a(/anta' a ;'ll a t!' /)ln'*a+&l&t&' on t!' -!&al a ;'ll a -!olo&al l'/'l. l'/ 'l.
B*oa( o-' In a((&t&on, t!' )' o% !o'o-at!& *''(&' &n oon on(&t&on alo !a t!' a-t&t)(' to %a&l&tat' %a&l&tat' &n t*'at&n '/'*al !'alt! on(&t&on, &nl)&/' o% !*on& a&l'nt, a&l'nt, ;!'*'&n t!'*' & no l&<'l&!oo( o% an '(&al )*'.
Int'*at&/' Ho'oHo'o-at at! ! at at &n !a*o !a*on n ;&t! ;&t! *')l *')la* a* t!'*a t!'*a-' -')t& )t& a*', a*', o* ;&t! ;&t! t!' t!' %)ll %)ll *an' *an' o% )non/'nt&onal a ;'ll +alan&n '(&&n', o)nt&n no)*&!'nt.
Cot '%%'t&/'n' Ho'oHo'o-at at!& !& *''(& *''(&' ' a*' a*' aa& aa&nl nl lo;lo;-*& *&'( '( &n o-a o-a*& *&on on to t!' on/'n on/'nt& t&ona onall '(&at&on, o* '/'n /&ta&n, ;!&! a<' !o'o-at!& *''(&' t!' !o&' o% -'o-l' &n '/'*al ('/'lo-&n nat&on a*o t!' ;o*l(. On' o% t!' ao* *'aon %o* t!' /al)' o% !o'o !o 'o-at -at!& !& '(& '(&at& at&on on & t!at t!at t!' t!' a*' not -at'nt -at'nt'( '( o% -*o-*& -*o-*&'ta 'ta* * -*o() -*o()t t l&<' l&<' t!' on/'nt&onal '(&at&on, ;!&! a*' ol( at !&! -*&' + t!' -!a*a')t&al %&* &n t!' a+'n' o% an o-'t&t&on.
S&'nt&%& M&ont*)t&on not;&t!tan(&n, !o'o-at! & ('%&n&t'l ':)all &'nt&%& a an ot!'* t-&al '(&&n'. '(&&n'. In %at, t!' '%%&a '%%&a o% !o'o-at! !o'o-at! & n'/'* +a'( on an&al t)(&', ;!&! !a/' l&ttl' o* no +'a*&n %o* !)an. In a((&t&on, !o'o-at!& *''(&' *''(&' a*' not -*'*&+'( on t!' +a& o% '?-'*&'nt&al o* !an' (&o/'* o% t!' *')lt. On t!' ont*a*, t!' a*' +a'( on a o!'*'nt, 't!o(&al *)t&n *)t&n o% t!' on':)'n' o% t!' '(&at&on on !'alt! a ;'ll a a&l&n &n(&/&()al.
52 Te'"n%<$e/ () H(,e(:&!"*
#/'* &n' Ha!n'ann t&', !o'o-at! !a +''n +ot! a '(&al t!'o* an( a '(&al 't!o(. It & ;o*t! -'n(&n o' t&' loo<&n at t!'' t'* o*' lo'l. T!' T!' 't!o( o%
!o'o-at! a*' &t o*-) o% t'!n&:)' )'( to t*'at t!' &<. It &nl)(' at'*&al '(&a, (oa', -!a*a an( a *an' o% t!'o*&' )-on ;!&! -*at&' & +a'(. T!'' &nl)(' la; o% &&la* &&la*, , &n&) &n&) (o' H'*&n H'*&n La; ))--*' -*'&on &on an( &a. &a. T!' t!'o* t!'o* ont'nt ont'nt o% !o'o-at! 'an &t '(&al &('olo o* -!&loo-!. A ;'ll a t!' a+o/' t!'o*&', &t alo '+*a' t!' 'an&n ont'nt, -att'*n an( ;&('* &n&%&an' &n&%&an' ;&t!&n t!' &('a, 't!o( an( l&n&al *')lt. T!' -*&a* oal o% !o'o-at!& -!&loo-! & not t!'o*'t&al, +)t -*aat& to (''-'n, 'n*&! an( )&(' oo( -*at&'. !&l' !o'o-at! & )n:)'t&ona+l a -!&loo-!&al -!&loo-!&al t' &n &t o;n *&!t an( !a !a( a l&%' o% &t o;n t!at & not &t -*&a* :)al&t o* %)nt&on. It & -*&a*&l a l&n&al 't!o( a&'( o*' at )*&n &< %ol<, t!an ;&nn&n a(!'*ant to &t *''(. T!) t!'o* !o)l( not (o&nat' o* ot!'* 't!o(. M't!o( al;a o' o)t toan( !o)l( +' t!' (o&nant %o*'. M't!o( & -a*ao)nt. T!at & on' /&';. Alt!o)! o) o)l( alo a*)' t!at &t (o' ''< to a&n on/'*t a ;'ll a )*' t!' &<. So &t &!t +' /&';'( a a t;&nt*a< a--*oa!. Ho;'/'*, Ho;'/'*, &t & alo t*)' t!at t!'o* annot +' &no*'( an( & t&ll a /'* &-o*tant 'l''nt. 'l''nt. It )t +' o<'( &n ;&t! 't!o(. In(''(, o) an 'a&l ta<' t!' o--o&n /&';, t!at ;&t!o)t an )n('*l&n -!&loo-!, 't!o( & )t !oot&n &n t!' (a*<. T!'o* t'n( to <''- 't!o( -)*' an( on t*a<. I% o) (&t! t!'o* t!'n 't!o( t'n( to (''n'*at' &nto allo-at!&'( on*'l %o*. I% o) (&t! 't!o( t!'n t!'o* t'n( to o&% &nto (oa. Bot! a*' n''a* an( o-l''nt o-l''nt 'a! ot!'*. T!' T!' &('olo o% !o'o-at! !o'o-at! & !&!l *'l'/ant to &t 't!o(, +)t t!' t;o ;o*< +'t to't!'*. T!' a&n on'-t o% !o'o-at! a*' +ot! t!'o*&' an( 't!o( at t!' a' t&'. Fo* '?a-l', H'*&n la;, &n&) (o', la; o% &&la*, -ot'nt&at&on an( &a t!'' a*' all at t!' a' t&' +ot! 't!o( an( t!'o*&' a+o)t '(&&n'. T!' '?&t !a--&l at +ot! l'/'l ;&t!&n !o'o-at! an( t!' 'n*&! an( )--o*t 'a! ot!'*. ! & t!&W It a&nl t' %*o t!' %at t!at !o'o-at! ;a +a'( &n &t &n'-t&on +ot! )-on &('a an( )-on o+'*/at&on. It & )t a %&*l *oot'( &n 't!o(, '?-'*&'nt an( at&on, a &t & &n t!'o*&' an( &('a. Ha!n'ann a<' t!& /'* l'a*. !at !' -'*!a- (&( not a<' o l'a* & t!at t!'o* & not an 'n( &n &t'l%, +)t a 'an to an 'n(. It !o)l( al;a +' l&!tl )+o*(&nat' to 't!o( an( !o)l( al;a +' on%&*'( an( 'n!an'( t!*o)! -*at&'. T!'o* & &n %at a (&t&llat&on o% &('a ('*&/'( %*o -*at&' an( on%&*'( an( a'n('( t!*o)! -*at&'. Ha!n'ann
Ha!n'ann (&( not ta*t o)t a a t!'o*'t&&an, -ont&%&at&n %*o !&! *o)n( a+o)t t!' +'t an( &('al %o* o% '(&&n' '(&&n' o* &t -!&loo-!&al -!&loo-!&al +a&. H' (&( (o t!at, +)t &t a' 'on(. It & !a*( to a ;&t! a+ol)t' '*ta&nt, '*ta&nt, +)t !& l&n&al '?-'*&'nt -*o+a+l a' %&*t an( t!'' ;'*' t!'n %ollo;'( at a lat'* ta' + !& t!'o*'t&al *ant&n. I-o*tant an( )! o/'*loo<'( -o&nt t!o' *ant&n ;'*' al;a ('*&/'( %*o -*at&' an( on%&*'( + &t. T!) !' ;a n'/'* -'a<&n %*o a -)*'l t!'o*'t&al l'/'l, +)t al;a +a'( )-on t!' o)n( +'(*o< o% -*at&', o% l&n&al '?-'*&'n'. I('a ;'*' a'n('( t!*o)! -*at&', *'/&'(, '?t'n('(, '+'ll&!'(, '+'ll&!'(, o**'t'( an( alt'*'( onl t!*o)! -*at&'. 2*at&', 2*at&', -*at&', -*at&'. T!) !' -*o/&('(, *'at'( an( -'*%'t'( !&'%l a l&n&al 't!o(, +)t *'atl 'n*&!'(, )n('*-&nn'( an( )--l''nt'( + t!'o*'t&al ;*&t&n. T!& & a /'* &-o*tant -o&nt t!'o* al;a %ollo; 't!o( an( & &t )+o*(&nat'. It alo *'%l't an a-'t o% t!' an !' ;a +ot! an '?'ll'nt '?-'*&'ntal &'nt&t an( a -o;'*%)l t!&n<'* an( ;*&t'*. In anot!'* 'n' o) o)l( a*)' t!at t!' &('a -*''('( t!' 't!o(. An( t!'*' & o' t*)t! &n t!&. It & t*)' o% an a*'a o% *''a*! an( & o%t'n (&%%&)lt to 'ta+l&! ;&t! an '*ta&nt ;!'t!'* t!' &('a o* t!' '?-'*&'nt a' %&*t. T!' -*o+l' & &n t*&n to t*a' t!' o*&&n o% a t', -a*t o% ;!&! o' o)t o% o'on' !'a( an( t!'&* *'a(&n an( t!&n<&n an( -a*t o% ;!&! o' o)t o% t!' '?-'*&'nt '?-'*&'nt an( o+'*/at&on t!' )n('*ta<' on t!' -*at&al l'/'l &n t!' *'al ;o*l(. In'/&ta+l In'/&ta+l,, &t & ))all a &?t)*' &?t)*' o% +ot!. T!'n &n a((&t&on, t!'*' & alo t!' ;&('* )lt)*al 'l''nt an( !o; a -'*on !a (*a;n )-on on'-t an( +'l&'%-att'*n +'l&'%-att'*n ;&t!&n t!' o&'t an( t&' t!' l&/'( &n. No (o)+t t!'' ;'*' all &n%l)'n' &-&n&n )-on Ha!n'ann a a -'*on. Fo* '?a-l', &n Ha!n'ann a' &t & /'* (&%%&)lt to
'n&) %o* (o&n n'; t!&n an( %o* t'a!&n t!', ('*&+&n t!', an( %o* anal&n t!' 'an&n an( &n&%&an' o% ;!at !' ;a (o&n. H' ;a ;'ll *oot'( &n +ot! ;o*l( t!'o* an( 't!o(, +ot! a a <''n o+'*/'* an( '?-'*&'nt'* '?-'*&'nt'* +)t alo a an a*t&)lat' a*t&)lat' an( o-'t'nt t!'o*'t&&an. H' '?-lo*'( an( t*''( +ot! a-'t ;' !o)l( t* an( %ollo; !& l'a( an( t*&/' to +' t*on &n +ot! a*'a. T!'' *'a T! *'aon on&n &n +'!& +'!&n( n( t!'o t!'o* * an( an( 't! 't!o( o( & /'* /'* &nt' &nt'*' *'t t&n &n an( an( %o) %o)' ' )-on )-on !o; !o; Ha!n'ann (&o/'*'( !o'o-at! &n t!' %&*t -la'. It *'t !&'%l )-on !& +*&ll&ant *&t&:)' o% allo-at!. !at a*' t!' o*&&n o% t!at *&t&:)'W Ha!n'ann %&*t (&o/'*'( %o* !&'l% t!' a--all&n &n'%%'t&/'n' o% allo-at!& -*at&'. A a -!&&an, a a o-a&onat' o-a&onat' an an( a a -a*'nt, t!at %at ('-*''( !& /'* *'atl. B)t ;o*<&n on a t!'o*'t&al t!'o*'t&al l'/'l t!& &n-&*'( !& to 'a*! o)t an( &('nt&% t!' )n('*l&n *'aon %o* &t &n'%%'t&/'n'. T!at o)l( onl +' *'/'al'( t!*o)! l'a*l &('nt&%&n an( 'n)n&at&n &t )n('*l&n *''( o* -!&loo-!. H' )t !a/' -'nt a *'at ('al o% t&' )t t!&n<&n an( *'%l't&n a+o)t allo-at!& '(&&n' &t 't!o( an( &t ;! an( ;!'*'%o*'. H' )t !a/' (on' t!at to !a/' a**&/'( at t!' onl)&on !' a' to. On' t!&n t!at & ;on('*%)l a+o)t Ha!n'ann & t!at !' *'ol)t'l +'l&'/'( t!at a *at&onal %o* o% '(&&n' o)l( +' ('/'lo-'( ('/'lo-'( an( !' 't&)lo)l 'a*!'( 'a*!'( &t o)t. Man ;o)l( !a/' )t &/'n )- an( (on' o't!&n 'l', +)t !' ol(&'*'( on, t*anlat&n '(&al t'?t %*o an lan)a', lan)a', )n'a*t!&n )n'a*t!&n (ata %*o t!' -at an( '?-'*& '?-'*&'nt& 'nt&n n on a -*at&a -*at&all l'/'l. l'/'l. T!o)! &t & t*)' t!at !' a/' )- '(&al -*at&' %o* a t&', !' n'/'* a/' )- t!' !o-' o% %&n(&n a '(&al -at! )-'*&o* to allo-at!& (*)&n. H& *&t&:)' a'*t t!at allo-at! & +a'( !&'%l )-on t!*'' &('a -ol-!a*a, t*on (o' an( t!' la; o% ont*a*&'. H' &('nt&%&' all t!*'' a t!' *oot a)' o% &t &n'%%'t&/'n'. T!'n !' !oo' t!' o--o&t' '(&al *''( &nl' (*), all (o', an( &&la*, ;!&! !' -*o/&&onall &('nt&%&' a t!' ot l&<'l %'at)*' o% an '%%'t&/' an( )-'*&o* '(&al -at!. !at & o &nt'*'t&n & t!at !' )' t!' /'* *''( o% !& 'n' allo-at! a t!' +a& %o* %&*t 'tt&n !& %''t (o;n onto l'an 2a*a'lan 2a*a 'lan an(X I !all *'t)*n *'t)* n to t!& -o&nt. H& l&n&al -*at&' t!'*'%o*' +ot! )'t'( an( on%&*'( !& t!'o*'t&al &('a. H' %'lt %)ll )t&%&'( &n /&l&%&n allo-at! +'a)' at +ot! l'/'l !' o)l( '' t!at &t ;a %)n(a'ntall &no**'t. Ino**'t a a 't!o( +'a)' &t (&(nt ;o*<, an( t!'*'%o*' &no**'t a a *''(. !at & o t*&<&n an( o('*n a+o)t !& a--*oa! & t!at !' atta<'( a 't!o( t!at (&(nt ;o*< an( t!'n ('&('( t!at &t )t onta&n )-'t -*&n&-l' t!at )n('*-&n t!' t'!n&:)' an( %o* t!' a)' o% ;! &t (&(nt ;o*<. T!at ;!ol' a--*oa! & o o('*n an( o &'nt&%& t!at
&t !a on' )nnot&'(. T!) t!*o)! !& -o;'*%)l anal& o% allo-at! !' a' to on'&/' an o)tl&n' <'t! o% t!' ot -*o+a+l' :)al&t&' o% a )-'*&o* 't!o( 't!o( &&la*, &&la*, all (o' an( &nl' (*). H' t!'n t't'( t!& 't!o( an( %o)n( &t /'* )'%)l. T!*o)! ont&n)'( '?-'*&'nt !' +'a' o*' an( o*' on/&n'( t!at &t ;a t!' +'t o% t!' t;o ;!at !' t'*'( a *at&onal !'al&n a*t. T!& &n*'a'( !& on%&('n' an( ;&('n'( t!' )l% ;&t! allo-at!. T!& & ;! Ha!n'ann *&t&&'( o %o*'%)ll +ot! t!' 't!o( an( t!' &('olo o* *''( o% allo-at!. H' !a( )'%)ll )n'a*t!'( &t ''n' an( !o;n &t to +' &no** &no**'t 't t!*o) t!*o)! ! t't& t't&n n &t o-o--o o&t' &t' *''( *''( an( !o !o;& ;&n n t!at t!at t!' t!' latt' latt'** ;a ;a +ot! +ot! o o*' *' '%%'t&/' '%%'t&/' an( o*' -*'(&ta+l'. -*'(&ta+l'. Noon' +'%o*' Ha!n'ann !a( (on' t!&. Noon' +'%o*' !a( o l'a*l &('nt&%&'( an( la&( +a*' t!' )n('*l&n )n('*l&n *''( o% allo-at! an( !o'n %*o &t +a& an o--o&t' *''( an( t!'n t'at&all &n/'t&at'( &t an( -)!'( &t t!*o)! &nto a n'; t'. T!at ;a a *'a*
2a*a'l) No; o' -'o-l' a t!at 2a*a'l) 2a*a' l) !a( (on' ( on' )! t!' a' t!&n 0 0 'a* -*'/&o). -*'/ &o). T!& & a la& ;' n''( to loo< at o*' a*'%)ll. It & not :)&t' t*)' t!at 2a*a'l) !a( (on' t!' a' t!&n. 2a*a'l) !a( '*ta&nl *&t&&'( allo-at! +ot! at a t!'o*'t&al l'/'l an( a a 't!o(, an( !' a(o-t'( an( t*''( a *an' o% )no*t!o(o? &('a "'.. la; o% &&la*$, +)t )nl&<' Ha!n'ann !' !a( a&nl (on' all t!at 'ot&onall, &**at&onall, !aot&all an( )nt'at&all ;!&! ;a !& ;a. A ;a t!at ;a -')l&a* to !& an( /al&( %o* !& an( a ;a t!at & t&ll /al&( %o* o'. B)t !' %a&l'( to a*t&)lat' an l'a*, *at&onal o* ;'ll *'aon'( alt'*nat&/' to allo-at!. M)! o% ;!at !' ;*ot' & /'* o+)*' an( ont*a(&to* an( an &n no ;a +' *'a*('( a a t&( '(&al t' ;&t! a on&t'nt an( *at&onal -!&loo-!. Mo*'o/'*, &t & onl )n('*tan(a+l' an( o% &nt'*'t &nt '*'t no; &n t!' l&!t o% Ha!n'ann Ha!n 'ann an( !o'o-at! ;!&! a' lat'*. It ;a n'&t!'* o% &nt'*'t no* )n('*tan(a+l' to '(& at t!' t&'. So &t ;a not a l'a* t' t!at -*'(at' !o'o-at! !o'o-at! a a ;'lla*)'( ;'lla*)'( an( *at&onal &('olo. It ;a a &?'( +a. I% &t !a( +''n a l'a* t' &t &!t ;'ll !a/' +''n a(o-t'( o*' ;&('l. T!' %at t!at &t ;ant & on' -&'' o% '/&('n' aa&nt &t. It &!t o*' *'al&t&all +' ''n a a -*'-a*at&on %o* Ha!n'ann, a l'a*&n o% ('+*&, l'/'ll&n o% *o)n( an( t!' +)&l(&n o% +a& %o)n(at&on %o* !o'o-at!. B)t &t n'/'* ;'nt an %)*t!'* t!an t!at. It ;a a %o)n(at&on %o)n(at&on %o* a n'; !o)' t!at ;a n'/'* at)all +)<. T!'*' T!'*' ;'*' no ;all, no *oo an( no *oo%. On a t!'o*'t&al o* &('olo&al l'/'l &t & -'*%'tl t*)' t!at t!at 2a*a 2a*a' 'l l) ) -*'( -*'(at at' ' Ha!n Ha!n' 'an ann n an( an( %o* %o* a o)n o)n( ( +a& +a& o% &('a &('a )-on )-on ;!& ;!&! !
Ha!n'ann Ha!n'ann +)< !& !o)' o% !o'o-at!, +)t &t & &l'a(&n &l'a(&n to t!'n a t!at Ha!n'ann o-&'( 2a*a'l) 2a*a'l) o* t!at !' ('*&/'( !o'o-at! %*o 2a*a'lan 2a*a'lan '(&&n'. In a 'n' !' (&( (o t!at. In anot!'* 'n' !' )t a(' -a*all'l (&o/'*&' "a&nl t!*o)! (&*'t &n&!t an( '?-'*&'nt$ an( +)< )- a t' ;&t! t*on &&la*&t&' to 2a*a'l). H& t' ;a +)< )- !&'%l t!*o)! '?-'*&'nt +a'( )-on o' &('a %*o C)ll'n an( 2a*a'l), aont ot!'*, an( %*o !& *&t&:)' o% allo-at!. B)t &t & o/'* &-l&t& an( &l'a(&n to a t!at !o'o-at! ;a %&*t -*o()'( + 2a*a'l) an( t!'n -'*%'t'( + Ha!n'ann. It -*o+a+l & t*)' t!at Ha!n'ann a&<'( t!' ;!&t' (o/' o% !o'o-at! o)t o% t!' +la< !at o% 2a*a'lan '(&&n', +)t &t & /'* )! Ha!n'ann ;!&t' (o/' an( not t!at o% 2a*a'l). I t*' t!& -o&nt at o' l'nt! +'a)' &t !a +''n an o%t*'-'at'( la&, '/'n &n !& l&%'t&', t!at Ha!n'ann ;a a o-&'* an( &&tato* o% 2a*a'l) a !a*' !' /&o*o)l ('n&'(. I% &t ;a t*)' !' &!t !a/' a(&tt'( &t. T!at !' ('n&'( &t *'-'at'(l &n(&at' t!at &t ;a -*o+a+l o*' o% a o&n&('n'. T!at !' +'a' an* at t!'' a)at&on (o' !o; t!at !' a !a/' +''n ('n&n o't!&n. O% o)*', to t!o' ;!o ;& &n t!' ;&('* *&/'* o% !&to* o% &('a &t & (&%%&)lt to ('n o' l&n< +'t;''n 2a*a'l) an( Ha!n'ann t!' a*' -*o%o)n(l &&la* -'o-l' an( Ha!n'ann
Conl)&on In onl)&on, t!'n, 't!o( an( t!'o* a*' /'* &-o*tant 'l''nt ;&t!&n !o'o-at! an( t!' o-l''nt 'a! ot!'* /'* ;'ll. On' !o)l( t* not to o/'*t*' on' o/'* t!' ot!'*. Bot! a*' ''nt&al a-'t. T!' o/'*t*'&n o% t!'o* !a +''n a oon an( *'*'tta+l' t'n('n &n !o'o-at!& !&to*. I% ant!&n ;' !o)l( t*' 't!o( l&!tl o*' t!an t!'o*, +'a*&n &n &n( t!at &t & t!*o)! 't!o( t!at Ha!n'ann a**&/'( at an( on%&*'( !& &('a, an( not t!' ot!'* ;a a*o)n(. !&l' t*&/&n to +'o' o-'t'nt &n +ot!, &t & 't!o( t!at !o)l( ta<' -*''('n' an( %ollo; Ha!n'ann l'a( !o'o-at! & -*&a*&l a '(&al 't!o( *at!'* t!an a '(&al t!'o*. It & alo l'a* t!at t!' (aa&n an( (&/&&/' t'n('n to;a*( (oat&, ;!&! !a '*)-t'( %*':)'ntl &n &t !&to*, (aa' !o'o-at! &n t!' -)+l& ''. An( &t ('*&/' la*'l %*o t*'&n t*'&n t!'o* at t!' '?-'n' o% 't!o(. B)t + t*'&n 't!o( a t!' 'nt*al %at o% !o'o-at! ;' an +' +*oa( !)*!, *'a&n )n(oat& an( +' o-'n to all &n%l)'n'. ' an +'o' l&<' t!' )n-*')(&'( o+'*/'* o +'lo/'( +ot! o% Ha!n'ann an( o% &'n'.
' !o)l( !o)l( t*&/' to o- Ha!n'ann Ha!n'ann ;!o ;a a E a oo( -*at&t&on'* -*at&t&on'* an( 4E a oo( t!&n<'* an( -!&loo-!'*. B o+&n&n +ot! ;' +'o' t*on o/'*all. O/'*'-!a& o% t!'o* l'a( to (aa&n (aa&n an( (&/&&/' (oat&. (oat&. To a/o&( a/o&( t!at an( to +' %a&t!%)l to o)* a*t, ;' !o)l( t*&/' to +' oo( -*at&t&on'* %&*t an( %o*'ot )t l&<' Ha!n'ann, 'nt an( all t!' *'at. So)n(
53 L%,%!&!%(n/ &nd R%/;/ &//('%&!ed &//('%&!ed %!" H(,e(:&!"*
Ho'o-at!& '(&&n' a*' &n(''( -o;'*%)l tool +)t t!' a*' not '%%'t&/' &n t*'at&n all (&'a'( tat'. So' on(&t&on on(&t&on (o not *'-on( to &*o (o' +'a)' t!' *':)&*' )*&al &nt'*/'nt&on, ot!'* *':)&*' &'(&at' an( '*ta&n *'l&'% o% -to, ot!'* a*' a((*''( + &-l' n)t*&t&onal n)t*&t&onal o* l&%'tl' l&%'tl' !an', t&ll ot!'* a*' *'l&'/'( onl )-on *'()'( '?-o)*' to '*ta&n 'n/&*on'ntal 'n/&*on'ntal t*''an( t!'n, t!'*' a*' t!o' ;!o (ont '?-'*&'n' '?-'*&'n' &-*o/''nt &-*o/''nt %*o !o'o-at!& '(&&n' %o* )no* &n on)nt&on ;&t! t!' !'*o& on/'nt&onal '(&al t*'at'nt. Ho'o-at!& '(&&n' a*' alo &n'%%'t&/' &n t*'at&n o' on(&t&on ;!&! * o)t %o* &-l' n)t*&t&on an( l&%'tl' !an'. A ;oan a +' an'& %*o a la< o% &*on &n !'* (&'t. Ho'o-at!& Ho'o-at!& '(&&n' a +' -*'*&+'( to ('al ;&t! o' o% !'* -to -to an( a '/'n +' )'( to !'l- !'* a&&lat' &*on %*o !'* %oo( o*' '%%&&'ntl, +)t )nt&l !' 't &*on, !' a '?-'*&'n' -'*&t'nt -to.
#?-o #? -o) )*' *' to 'n/& 'n/&*o *on n'n 'nta tall to?& to?&n n & +'o +'o& &n n a ao ao** o o(' ('*n *n -*o+ -*o+l' l'. . Alt!o lt!o) )! ! !o'o-at!& '(&&n' a +' '%%'t&/' &n !'l-&n a -'*on *''ta+l&! !'alt! a%t'* '?-o)*' to an to?&n, *'al &-*o/''nt &n !'alt! &nt l&<'l &% '?-o)*' ont&n)'. Fo* &ntan', a ;oan ;&t! a <&n *a! ;'nt to a !o'o-at!& -!&&an. F*o !'* -to, t!' (oto* -*'*&+'( S)l-!)*30. S)l-!) *30. T!' on(&t&on t'-o*a*&l ;o*'n'( &n a la& *'-on' ao*(&n to H'*&n La;, t!'n ot +'tt'*, onl to *'t)*n ;&t!&n t;o ;''<. T!' !o'o-at! a/' a t*on'* (o' o% S)l-!)*, an( !' on' aa&n '?-'*&'n'( a &&la* -att'*n o% '?a'*+at&on, *'l&'%, an( *'t)*n o% !'* -to. U-on o+ta&n&n o*' ('ta&l a+o)t t!' ;oan o+ at a %oo( -*o'&n -lant, &t ;a (&o/'*'( t!at !' ;o*<'( at a (*&'( %*)&t -lant ;!&! -*a )l-!)* on t!' %*)&t a a -*''*/at&/'. S!' ;a '?-'*&'n&n a )l-!)* -*o/&n. H'* <&n %&nall &-*o/'( a%t'* !' !an'( o+. 2*o+a+l t!' *'at't %*)t*at&on %*)t*at&on %o* a !o'o-at! "an( to t!' -at&'nt a ;'ll$ a*' t!o' -'o-l' ;!o, %o* o' )n'*ta&n *'aon, a*' not *'-on(&n '%%'t&/'l to !o'o-at!& '(&&n'. Ho'o-at! o%t'n &n&t&all a)' t!at t!' a)' o% t!' la< o% *'at&on & t!at t!' !a/' not o**' o**'tl tl anal anal' '( ( t!' a' a' an( t!) t!) a*' a*' not &/&n &/&n t!' t!' o**' o**'tt '(& '(&&n' &n'.. #? #?-'* -'*&' &'n' n'( ( !o'o-at!
an;'*'( + t!' l&!' t!at !o'o-at! (o' not t*'at (&'a', onl -'o-l'. Ca' !&to*&' &n !o'o-at!& +oo< an( o)*nal ('*&+' )'%)l t*'at'nt o% )t a+o)t '/'* a)t' an( !*on& (&'a'. Man !o'o-at! a)' t!at t!'*' a*' no &n)*a+l' (&'a', onl &n)*a+l' -'o-l'. To t!o' %a&l&a* ;&t! +a& !o'o-at!& -*&n&-l', &t & o't&' on%)&n to o to a !'alt! %oo( to*' o* -!a*a an( '' !o'o-at!& '(&&n' ol( %o* -'&%& on(&t&on. Mot Mo t !o !o'o'o-at! at!& & an)% an)%a at) t)*'* *'* a<' a<' &?t) &?t)*' *' o% !o !o'o'o-at at!& !& '(& '(&&n' &n', , all' all'( ( o+ o+&na &nat& t&on on *''(& *''(&' ' o* o o-l' -l'?' ?', , ;!'* ;!'*'' 'n'*a 'n'*all ll 35 )+ )+t tan an' ' ;!&! ;!&! a*' a*' oonl &/'n %o* a '*ta&n t-' o% on(&t&on a*' -la'( to't!'* &n a &nl' '(&&n'. '(&&n'. It & a)'( t!at t!& n'; o+&nat&on o% '(&&n' ;&ll +' !'l-%)l to a +*oa( n)+'* o% -at&'nt )%%'*&n %*o a -'&%& o-la&nt. Alt!o)! an on)'* %&n( t!'' '(&&n' to +' !'l-%)l, t!'*' & 'n'*al on'n) &n t!' !o'o-at!& o)n&t t!at t!' &n(&/&()all !o'n '(&&n' ;o*< o*' o%t'n an( o*' '%%'t&/'l. T!'' -a*a't'* a*' :)&t' &-l&t& &n' a la*' n)+'* o% !*on& (&'a' +'o' &n)*a+l' on' t!' !a/' -*o*''( to a '*ta&n ta'. Ho'o-at!& '(&&n' a t!'n all'/& all'/&at' at' -a&n -a&n an( (&o (&o% %o*t o*t an( an( a lo; lo; (o;n (o;n t!' t!' -at!o -at!olo lo&a &all -*o' -*o', , +)t &t & :)'t&ona+l' &% )*' & -o&+l' )n('* an <&n( o% t*'at'nt. A %o* t!' (an'* o% t!' !o'o-at!& '(&&n', &t & ;&('l *'on&'( t!at t!'&* *'at't (an'* a +' onl t!'&* ('la&n t!' )' o% ot!'* -ot'nt&all '%%'t&/' '(&al t*'at'nt. S&n' ot !o'o-at! a*' '(&al (oto* o* o' ot!'* l&'n'( '(&al -*o%'&onal, t!' 'n'*all
T!' %&*t t&' an A'*&an '(&al o)*nal '/'* -)+l&!'( a a' )'t&n t!at t!'*' & (an'* &n ta<&n !o'o-at!& '(&&n' ;a &n a *''nt l'tt'* to t!' '(&to* o% t!' New #nlan( Jo)*nal o% M'(&&n'. In t!' a' *'-o*t'(, a -at&'nt too< '&!t (o' &n t;o !o)* a *'o'n('( + a !&*o-*ato* an( !o*tl t!'*'a%t'* '?-'*&'n'( '/'*' '-&at*& -a&n ;!&! ;a lat'* (&ano'( a -an*'at&t& "a -ot'nt&all (an'*o) (&'a'$. It !o)l( +' not'( !o;'/'* t!' *''( -*'*&+'( + t!' !&*o-*ato* ;a a o+&nat&on '(&&n' ";&t! 1 (&%%'*'nt &n*'(&'nt$ an( t!at &t ;a -*'*&+'( %o* t!' t*'at'nt o% an'*. Alt!o)! t!' -at&'nt !'alt! !&to* ;a not ('*&+'( &n t!' l'tt'*, on' &!t a)' t!at !' ;ant !'alt! -*&o* to t*'at'nt, an( on' !o)l( not n''a*&l a)' t!at t!' '(&&n' a)'( t!& on(&t&on. T!'*' & 'n'*al on'n) t!at !o'o-at!& '(&&n' a*' a%', t!o)! l&<' a**ot )&', /&ta&n, an( an nat)*al )+tan', an +' &)'(. Ho'o-at! & -*oot'( + t!' Nat&onal C'nt'* C'n t'* o% Ho'o-at! a T!' Sa%'* M'(&&n'. M'(&&n' . T!'*' & l&ttl' (&a*'''nt (& a*'''nt on t!& %at. C'*ta&n !o'o-at!& -*o()t "all'( 8noo('9 o* 8!o'o-at!& &)n&at&on9$ !a/' +''n -*oot'( + o' a )+t&t)t' %o* on/'nt&onal &)n&at&on, +)t (ata to )--o*t )! la& la& & la<& la<&n. n. T! T!'' Nat& Nat&ona onall C'nt' C'nt'** %o* CoCo-l' l''nt 'nta* a* an( Alt' Alt'*na *nat& t&/' /' M'(& M'(&&n &n'' "NCCAM$ )--o*t t!' C'nt'* %o* &'a' Cont*ol an( 2*'/'nt&on *'o'n(at&on %o* &)n&at&on>/a&nat&on. !&l' an !o'o-at!& *''(&' a*' !&!l (&l)t'(, o' -*o()t ol( o* la+'l'( a !o'o-at!& a not +' !&!l (&l)t'(D t!' an onta&n )+tant&al ao)nt o% at&/' &n*'(&'nt. L&<' an (*) o* (&'ta* )--l''nt t!at onta&n !'&al &n*'(&'nt, t!'' !o'o-at!& -*o()t a a)' &(' '%%'t o* (*) &nt'*at&on. N'at&/' !'alt! '%%'t %*o !o'o-at!& -*o()t o% t!& t-' !a/' +''n *'-o*t'(. A 007 t'at& *'/&'; %o)n( t!at !&!l (&l)t'( !o'o-at!& *''(&', ta<'n )n('* t!' )-'*/&&on o% t*a&n'( -*o%'&onal, a*' 'n'*all a%' an( )nl&<'l to a)' '/'*' a(/'*' *'at&on. Ho;'/'*, l&<' an (*) o* (&'ta* )--l''nt, t!'' -*o()t o)l( -o' *&< &% t!' t!' a*' a*' &-* &-*oo-'* '*l l an)% an)%a at) t)*' *'( ( "%o* "%o* '?a '?a-l -l', ', &% t!' t!' a*' a*' ont onta a&n &nat at'( '( ;&t! ;&t! &*oo*an& o* &no**'tl (&l)t'($. A 01 01 t' t'a at& t& *'/&' *'/&'; ; o% a' a' *'-o* *'-o*t t an( a' a' '*&' '*&' onl) onl)('( ('( t!at t!at )&n )&n '*ta& '*ta&n n !o'o-at!& t*'at'nt ")! a t!o' onta&n&n !'a/ 'tal l&<' '*)* o* &*on t!at a*' not !&!l !&!l (&l)t'($ (&l)t'($ o* *'-la&n *'-la&n an '%%'t '%%'t&/' &/' on/'nt& on/'nt&onal onal t*'at t*'at'nt 'nt ;&t! ;&t! an &n'%%' &n'%%'t&/' t&/' !o'o-at!& on' an a)' a(/'*' '%%'t, o' o% ;!&! a +' '*&o).
L&:)&( !o'o-at!& *''(&' *''(&' a onta&n alo!ol. T!' FA allo; allo; !&!'* l'/'l o% alo!ol &n t!'' *''(&' t!an &t allo; &n on/'nt&onal (*). Ho'oHo'o-at at!& !& -*at& -*at&t& t&on' on'* * '?-'t '?-'t o o'' o% t!'&* t!'&* -at&'n -at&'nt t to '?-'* '?-'*&' &'n' n' 8!o 8!o'o'o-at! at!& & a*a/at a*a/at&on9 &on9 "a t'-o*a t'-o*a* * ;o*'n& ;o*'n&n n o% '?&t&n '?&t&n -to -to a%t'* a%t'* ta<&n ta<&n a !o'o-at !o'o-at!& !& -*'*&-t&on$. R''a*!'* !a/' not %o)n( )! '/&('n' o% t!& *'at&on &n l&n&al t)(&'D !o;'/'*, *''a*! on !o'o-at!& a*a/at&on & a*'. Al;a (&) !an' &n o)* -to ;&t! o)* !'alt! a*' -*o/&('*.
5 SWOT An&/%/ () H(,e(:&!"*
S!en#!"*
T!' !o'o-at!& '(&&n' a*' )'%)l %o* t!o' ;!o a*' all'*& to allo-at!& '(&&n'. T!'*' a*' lot o% !'&al -*o()t, ;!&! a*' !a*%)l to !)an +o(. 2'n&&ll&n an( NSAI "nont'*o&(al ant&&n%laato* (*)$ -*o()t a*' t!' to- ot an( on t!' ot!'* !an( t!' !a/' o' &(' '%%'t. So't&', t!*'at'n&n &t)at&on a*&', a%t'* ta<&n t!o' <&n( o% (*) (*).. Ho' Ho'o-a o-at!& t!& t*'at t*'at' 'nt nt !a !a +''n +''n !o !o;n ;n '%%' '%%'t t&/' &/'l l &n t*'at t*'at&n &n an an (&'a (&'a' '.. In%l)'na )%%'*'* &n a (o)+l'+l&n( t)( %o)n( t!at t!' ;'*' t;&' a l&<'l to *'o/'* &n 45 !o)* ;!'n t!' too< !o'o-at!& *''(&'. St)(&' !a/' +''n -)+l&!'( &n B*&t&! '(&al o)*nal -*o/'n, t!at t!' !o'o-at!& '(&&n' ;'*' '%%'t&/' %o* t*'at'nt o% *!')ato&( a*t!*&t&. Ho'o-at!& *''(&' a*' '%%'t&/' &n t*'at&n &n%'t&on, *'-&*ato* (&'a' (&'a',, !'a*t !'a*t (&'a' (&'a',, ('-*' ('-*'&on &on an( n'*/o) n'*/o) (&o*('* (&o*('*, , &*a&n &*a&n'' !'a(a!' !'a(a!', , all'*& all'*& on(&t&on, a*t!*&t&, an( (&a+'t'. Ho'o-at! & a oo( t*'at'nt %o* a)t' an( !*on& &lln''. I% t!' (&'a' a*' %o)n( &n t!' 'a*l ta' an( ;!'*' t!'*' & not '/'*' (aa' "&**'/'*&+l' "&**'/'*&+l' !an'$. Ho'o-at! an +' )'( to a&t t!' !'al&n -*o' a%t'* )*'*. )*'*. It & a%' an( oo( %o* n'; +o*n +a+. #/'n, &t & +'tt'* t!an o('*n '(&&n' %o* -*'nant ;o'n. Allo-at!& '(&&n' !a an &(' '%%'t &n -*'nant ;o'n. Alo !o'o-at!& '(&&n' & ;o*< a a -*o-!lat& '(&&n'. It ;o*< l&<' &)n&at&on, &% &t & &/'n at t!' t&' o% '-&('&. Ho'oHo'o-at at! ! *'l&' *'l&' on a 'n'*a 'n'*all ll *'on *'on&' &'( ( +*oa( +*oa( *an' *an' o% *''(& *''(&', ', %o* ;!& ;!&! ! t!' t!' an)%at)*&n 't!o( a*' l'a*l ('%&n'(. T!' a/a&la+&l&t o% t!'' *''(&' & o% 'n'*al &nt'*'t an( &n t!' !o'o-at!& %&'l( t!' a*' 'n'*all a'-t'( -*&n&-l' %o* )' &n -at&'nt.
We&;ne//*
T!' a&n ;'a
F*'n! F*'n! !o !o'o-a 'o-at!& t!& -!a*a -!a*ao-o' o-o'&a &a to't!'* to't!'* ;&t! ;&t! t!'&* t!'&* t*a(&t& t*a(&t&on. on. O%t'n O%t'n ol)t&on ol)t&on %o* -!a*a')t&al &)' a*' t&ll &n%l)'n'( + t*a(&t&onal 'nt&'nt. In o' a' t!'*' & a t'n('n t'n('n to &n(&%%' &n(&%%'*'n *'n'' aon aon ta<'!ol ta<'!ol('* ('*.. "Not!& "Not!&n n ;&ll ;&ll !an' !an' a%t'* a%t'* all@$. all@$. P)al&t P)al&t &-*o/''nt a*' not -o&+l' ;&t!o)t oo-'*at&on o% )--l&'* o% *a; at'*&al a 0E o% *''(&' a*' +a'( on *a; at'*&al ;&t! a nat)*al /a*&a+&l&t. In a((&t&on, an 'no*o) ao)nt o% (&%%'*'nt *''(&' & t&ll )'(. Ho;'/'*, ()' to t!' -*&n&-l' o% !o'o-at!, on' *''( annot &-l +' *'-la'( + an alt'*nat&/' on'.N'ot&at&n ;&t! o/'*n'nt, )! a !o'o-at! ;&ll +' o/'*'( )n('* -*'*&-t&on (*) -lan o% M'(&a*' an( M'(&a&(, +'a)' -*'*&-t&on (*) a*' ta<&n ta< &n &n&%&ant -a*t &n o/'*all o/'*a ll ot o% M'(&a*' an( M'(&a&(. A t!' Ho'o-at!& '(&&n' & a/a&la+l' %o* l' ot t!an allo-at!& '(&&n'.
O::(!$n%!%e/*
T!'*' a*' an o--o*t)n&t&' %o* !o'o-at! &n In(&a. R&!t no;, !'alt! a*' ot & t!' -*&' &)' & )' &n In(&a, +'a)' t!' ot o t o% !'alt! a*' & !&!. T!'*' a*' an an *'aon *'aon %o* t!at, +)t on' o% t!' & ot o% t!' (*). T!' (*) ot o% !o'o-at!& '(&&n' & /'* lo; o-a*' to allo-at!& '(&&n'. An+o( An+o( an a%%o*( t!' !o'o-at!& '(&&n' +'a)' &t & too !'a!'a- an( 'a&l 'a&l a/a&la+l a/a&la+l'. '. S'on( S'on( o ott /al)a+l /al)a+l'' o--o*t)n o--o*t)n&t &t !a lo; &(' '%%'t '%%'t.. Ho'o-at!& Ho'o-at!& '(&&n' !a a lo; &(' '%%'t o-a*' to allo-at!& '(&&n'. '(&&n'. It & on&('* a an alt' alt'*na *nat& t&/' /' '(& '(&&n' &n' &n an an o)nt* o)nt*&' &' an( &n o o'' o)nt* o)nt*&' &' &t & -*at& -*at&' '( ( )n( )n('* '* nat)*o-at!. Lat +)t not l'at o--o*t)n&t & !&! &&*ant -o-)lat&on %*o !o'o-at!& )&n nat&on. In In(&a, an -'o-l' a' %*o t!' o)nt* l&<' #)*o-', an( !&na ;!'*' !o'o-at! & oonl )'(. So &t & 'a to a*<'t !o'o-at! &n In(&a.
T"e&!/*
T!' %&*t & t!' o--o&t&on %*o t!' (&%%'*'nt &n *'t *o)- l&<' t!' In(&an M'(&al Ao&at&on an( t!' (&%%'*'nt 2!a*a')t&al Co*-o*at&on. T!'' *o)- !a/' a +& (&a(/anta', &% !o'o-at! )ta&n &n In(&a. T!' a*' t!' a&n o--on'nt o% !o'o-at!. T!' la< o% &n%o*at&on a+o)t t!' !o'o-at! & a /'* +& (&a(/anta' t!at a*<'t'* o&n to %a'. T!'' n'?t T! n'?t !all !all'n 'n'' & t!' t*&t t*&t (&& (&&-l& -l&n' n' t!at t!at & *':)& *':)&*'( *'( ;!&l ;!&l'' ta<& ta<&n n !o !o'o'o-at! at!& & '(&&n'. Yo) annot ta<' !o'o-at!& '(&&n' 30&n)t' +'%o*' an( a%t'* ta<&n %oo(. Yo) ant 'at on&on an( a*l& ;!&l' o) a*' on !o'o-at!& '(&&n'. #/'n o*', o) a*'
not allo;'( to (*&n< o%%'', ;!&l' o) a*' ta<&n !o'o-at!& (*). T!'*' & )! ot!'* (&&-l&n' ;!&! o) n''( to %ollo; ;!'n o) a*' on !o'o-at!& t*'at'nt.
C"&:!e =5 C(n'$/%(n &nd /$##e/!%(n/
C(n'$/%(n
Ho'o-at! !a o' o)t a an alt'*nat&/' o% allo-at! an( ot!'* t*'a o% t*'at'nt. Ho'o-at! !a +''n -*o/'n '%%'t&/' &n )*&n /a*&o) (&'a' o/'* t!' -at 'nt)*. Ho'o-at! & otl %ollo;'( &n In(&a, #)*o-' an( C!&na. In(&a t!*o)! '-a*t'nt o% AYUSH In(&a & t*&n to '?-an( !o'o-at!. Ho'o-at! !a '*ta&n a(/anta' l&<' 1. It an +' )'( + -*'nant an( n)*&n ;o'nD . It an +' )'( + !&l(*'n an( &n%antD 3. It (o' not &nt'*%'*' ;&t! '(&at&on ta<'n + a -'*onD 4. I% an &no**'t *''( & 'l't'(, &t & o-l't'l a%' an( ;&ll not !a* t!' -'*on at allD . Ot!'* t!an oa&onal, &l(, an( !o*tl&/'( -to a*a/at&on ;!&! -a :)&
1. Ho'o-at!& '(&&n' & non&n/a&/'D an( 13. T!'*' a*' an t)(&' -*o/&n t!' '%%'t&/'n' o% !o'o-at!, ;!'n )'( o**'tl. Ho'o-at! & a o-!&t&at'( '(&al &'n' ;!&! &n(&/&()al&' a )+tan' +a'( on t!' total&t o% a -'*on -to. A -'*on )n&:)' -att'*n o% -to, !&>!'* !'a(a!', toa! a!', ont&-at&on, lo; 'n'* &n t!' o*n&n, 'n&t&/&t to ol(, &**&ta+&l&t at t!' l&!t l&!t't 't a)' a)',, an( %'a* %'a* o% !'&!t !'&!t a*' all all &nt' &nt'**' **'la lat'( t'(.. No att' att'** ;!at ;!at t!' &n(&/& &n(&/&()a ()all -to -to a*', t!' a*' *'on&'( a -*&a*&l an &nt*&n& '%%o*t '%%o*t o% t!' o*an& to a(a-t to an( ('al ;&t! /a*&o) &nt'*nal o* '?t'*nal t*''. M't!o( t!at &-l )--*', ont*ol, o* ana' -to !o)l( +' a/o&('( &n' )! t!'*a-&' o-*o&' t!' &nnat' t'n('n o% t!' o*an& to ('%'n( an( !'al &t'l%. T!' &(' '%%'t ;!&! t!'' )--*'&/' t*'at'nt a)' a*' at)all (&*'t '%%'t '%%'t o% t!' t*'at'nt. Ho'o-at!& Ho'o-at!& '(&&n', on t!' ot!'* !an(, a*' -*'*&+'( to a&( t!' o*an& &n &t !&!l o-!&t&at'( '%%o*t to !'al. In!'*'nt &n t!' !o'o-at!& a--*oa! & a +a& *'-'t %o* t!' +o( ;&(oD &t & t!) no ;on('* t!at &t & a a%'* '(&&n'.
At a t&' &n o)* &/&l&at&on ;!'n &t & ''nt&al to ('/'lo- -*at&' t!at t*'nt!'n t!' &)n' an( ('%'n' t', !o'o-at!& '(&&n' & :)&t' nat)*all a&n&n -o-)la*&t. Ho'o-at! Ho'o-at! '+o(&' t!' !a*at'*&t& !a*at'*&t& o% a '(&al &'n' on' o)l( !o-' an( (*'a %o* &n t!' 1t 'nt)*... 'nt)*...an( an( t!' +'t n'; & t!at ;' (o not !a/' to ;a&t )nt&l t!' 1t 'nt)* to (*a; )-on o% &t +'n'%&t.
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I ;o)l( l&<' to )'t t!' %ollo;&n t!&n %o* &-*o/''nt &n Ho'o-at! 1
Ho'o-a Ho'o-at!& t!& '*/&' '*/&' !o)l( !o)l( +' a/a&l a/a&la+l' a+l' nat&on; nat&on;&('. &('.
Ho'o-a Ho'o-at!& t!& t*'at t*'at'n 'ntt !o)l( !o)l( +' o/'*'( o/'*'( )n('* )n('* '(&al '(&al an( &n)* &n)*an' an' -ol&& -ol&&'. '.
3
N)+'* N)+'* o% Ho'o-a Ho'o-at!& t!& Int&t)t Int&t)t' ' &n In(&a In(&a !o) !o)l( l( +' &n*' &n*'a'( a'(..
4
'-a*t '-a*t'nt 'nt o% AY AYUSH !o)l( !o)l( -*o/&( -*o/&('' '?t*a %a&l& %a&l&t t to 'n&o* 'n&o* &t&'n. &t&'n.
a*&o) *&o) -*oot&o -*oot&onal nal tool tool !o)l( !o)l( +' )'( )'( to 'no)*a 'no)*a'' Ho'o-a Ho'o-at! t!..
6
Ho'o-a Ho'o-at! t! '-a*t '-a*t'nt 'nt !o) !o)l( l( +' o-'n' o-'n'( ( &n '/'* '/'* l'a(& l'a(&n n !o-&ta !o-&tal. l.
7
A;a*'n' a*'n' a+o)t a+o)t Ho'o-a Ho'o-at! t! !o)l( !o)l( +' -*'a( -*'a( '-'& '-'&all all &n &n *)*al *)*al a*'a. a*'a.
5
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Na' o% t!' t)('nt
S!)+!a Ja&n
Cla
BBA IIIB
Roll No.
6114701713
Na' o% t!' S)-'*/&o*
M*. Jaat Jot& Ba*)a
S.No.
at'
T&'
2*o*' R'-o*t
1
16t! A) 014
00 a..
In&t&al (&)&on o% t&tl'.
16t! A) 014
130 -..
F&nal&at&on o% t!' t&tl'.
3
t! A) 014
00 a..
F&nal&at&on o% t!' !a-t'* !''.
4
1t! S' S'- 014
00 a..
F&nal&at&on o% !a-t'* 1.
6t! S' S'- 014
00 a..
F&nal&at&on o% !a-t'* = 3.
6
10t! Ot Ot 014 014
00 00 a. a..
F&na F&nal& l&a at& t&on on o% !a-t'* 4.
7
1t! O Ot 014
00 a..
F&nal&at&on o% !a-t'* .
5
17t! O Ot 014
00 a..
F&nal *a%t.
4t! O Ot 014
00 a..
A--*o/'( (* (*a%t ;' ;'nt %o* +&n(&n.
10
31t Ot 014 014
30 a..
S&nat)*' o% t)('nt
F&nal nal )+ )+&& &on o% *'-o*t. M&n&) "5o)t o% 10$ 50E att'n(an' o-)lo*.
Coo*(&nato*
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