ANSYS Simulation of Electromagnetic Force Coupling Electric Machines

Electromagnetic Force Coupling in Electric Machines

Mark Solveson, Cheta Rathod, Mike Hebbes, Gunjan Verma, Tushar Sambharam ANSYS, Inc. 1

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.

October 24, 2011

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Introduction •

Low noise regulation – Aimed at reduction in noise pollution

• Comfort Criteria – Noise causes discomfort and fatigue – Noise suppression demonstrates technological/marketing edge

• Component Failure – Sensitivity of structure of structure to acoustic resonances















Introduction • Noise and vibration in electric machines come from many sources. • ANSYS provides excellent capabilities for the design and analysis of electric of electric machines: – – – –

Electromagnetic performance Electric Drive performance Structural analysis Thermal analysis Acoustics analysis















Machine Types • Different machines may have different considerations depending on their architecture or control strategies. – Primary Forces are in‐plane (radial and tangential) • Single gle and Three Phase Induction Machines. • PM Synchronous Machines (Surface Mount, IPM). • Switch itched ed reluctance machines

– Primary force are Axial • Axial Flux Machines















Noise Sources [1]

Magnetic

Mechanical

Aerodynamic Fluid Cooling Phenomena

Radial Self

Load Induced

Auxiliaries

Slot Harmonics Magnetic Unbalance

Stator

Couplings

Rotor

Foundation

Modes of Vibration Bearings

Balancing

Dynamic

Static Eccentricity

Electronic Switching Harmonics















ANSYS Machine Model

















Electromagnetic Design and Analysis • ANSYS Machine Design Methodology – RMxprt: calculate rated performance for machine of machine in time – Maxwell: Calculate detailed magnetic FEA of machine domain















Machine Model in Maxwell ‐ Simplorer 2D IPM (Interior Permanent Magnet) motor model created from RMxprt and Maxwell UDP (User Defined Primitive) for rotor Model

DModel1 D40

• 4 pole, 1500 RPM, 220 Volt DC bus. • Two Control Strategies used: inverter – In Maxwell • 6 step inverter –

D42

V

S_46

+ -

S_48

Model

SModel1

V

D37

S_50

D39

110V LabelID=V32

0

+

V

D35

V

D44

110V

LabelID=VIA 0.000512893H*Kle LA

2.00694ohm RA

LPhaseA

LabelID=VIB 0.000512893H*Kle LB

2.00694ohm RB

LPhaseB

LabelID=VIC















Machine Model in Maxwell ‐ Simplorer















Force Calculations • Force calculation using air gap flux density • Maxwell Stress Tensor [9]

Force calculation

point

the















Edge Force Density in Maxwell 10.00

5.00

0.00

-5.00

) s n o t w e -10.00 N ( e c r o F

-15.00

Tangential Tangential Force on Too th Tips

02_DC-6step_IPM

ANSOFT































Parametric Study of Eccentricity of Eccentricity





























50% Eccentricity: Radial and Tangential





















































































































































































Acoustic Analysis – Analysis – Pressure Plot

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Acoustic Analysis – Analysis – Pressure Plot

0.5 m

Pres_1

Pres_2

Pres_3

Pressure vs Freq

) a P ( e r u s















Summary • Investigated different noise sources for electric machines • Demonstrated an integrated approach from Electromagnetics to Structural to Acoustics.

• Showed the effects of static of static eccentricity on stator tooth forces, deformation and stresses.

• Performed modal analysis to find the acoustic resonances Future Work: • Investigation of different of different noise scenarios (machine types, drives)















References [1] P. Vijayraghavan, R. Krishnan, “Noise in electric machines: A Review”, IEEE, 1998 [2] K. Shiohata, R. Kusama, S.Ohtsu, T.Iwatsubo, “The Study on Electromagnetic Force Induced Vibration and Noise from a Normal and Eccentric Universal Motors”, PIERS Proceedings, 2011. [3] S. Fink, S. Peters, “Ansoft ‐ Noise Prediction for Electrical Motors,” CADFEM/ANSYS Presentation, 2011. [4] Wei Wang, Quanfeng Li, Zhihuan Song, Shenbo Yu, Jian Chen, Renyuan Tang, “Three‐Dimensional Field Calculation and Analysis of Electromagnetic of Electromagnetic Vibration and Noise for Disk Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines”, Shenyang University of Technology, China. [5] R. Belmans, D. Verdyck, W. Geysen, R. Findlay, “Electro‐Mechanical Analysis of the of the Audible Noise of an of an Inverter‐Fed Squirrel‐ Cage Induction Motor”, IEEE, 2008. [6] M. Anwar, I. Husain, “Design Perspectives of a of a Low Acoustic Noise Switched Reluctance Machine”, IEEE, 2000. [7] S. Huang, M. Aydin, T.A. Lipo, “Electronmagnetic Vibration and Noise Assessment for Surface Mounted PM Machines,” IEEE, 2001. [8] Rakib Islam, Iqbal Hussain, “Analytical Model for Predicting Noise and Vibration in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors,”















Thank You

















ANSYS Acoustics Structure ANSYS Acoustics Structures computes noise radiated by vibrating structures.















Title and Abstract Electromagnetic Force Coupling in Electric Machines Including Stress, Deformation, and Acoustic Analysis. Understanding the impact of electromagnetic of electromagnetic forces on















Presentation Outline (Goal 30 total Slides) 1.

Intr Introd oduc ucti tio on

2.

Lite iteratur ature e review – review – what are the noise comonents for electric machines

3

a.

Noise Sources, examples

b.

Acoustic Definition, examples

EM Motor Methodology















Noise Sources • Magnetic – The interaction of magnetic of magnetic fields and currents in the machine cause of the rotor. electromagnetic torque and thus rotation of the – Evaluation of the of the radial and tangential forces on the tooth tips are important. of the air gap flux density, or using • This can be accomplished through evaluation of the field calculations available within Maxwell.















Noise Sources • Mechanical – Self resonance Self resonance – – natural resonance frequencies

• Closed form equations • FEA – Load induced

















Machine Model in Maxwell















Harmonic Analysis Overview















ANSYS Acoustics















Aero Acoustics ANSYS CFD Approaches















Aero Acoustic simulation of Automotive of Automotive



























ANSYS Simulation of Electromagnetic Force Coupling Electric Machines

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