Bending Testing

MAKALAH TEKNIK KARAKTERISASI MATERIAL TENTANG BENDING TESTING

OLEH Haryona Delvita 11014/ 2011 Silvira a!y"ni 11014#$/2011

%&R&SAN 'ISIKA 'AK<AS MATEMATIKA DAN ILM& (ENGETAH&AN ALAM &NI)ERSITAS NEGERI (ADANG 2014

KATA PENGANTAR 

("*i +an ,y"-"r .en"li, "a.-an -e!a+irat Alla! ST yan tela! eli.a!-an ra!at +an !i+aya !i+aya!Ny !Nyaa ,e!in ,e!ina a .en"li .en"li,, +a.at +a.at enyel enyele,a e,ai-a i-an n a-ala a-ala! ! yan yan 3er*"+ 3er*"+"l "l 3en+in 3en+in te,tin56 Ma-ala! ini er".a-an ,ala! ,at" ,yarat "nt"- elen-a.i t"a, .a+a ata -"lia! te-ni- -ara-teri,a,i aterial6 Di"lai +ari .erenanan7 .enarian 3a!an ,a.ai .en"li,an a-ala! ini .en"li, 3anya-  en+a.at 3ant"an7 ,aran7 .et"n*"- +an 3i3inan +ari 3er3aai .i!a- 3ai- ,eara lan,"n a"."n ,eara ti+a- lan,"n6 Ole! -arena it" .en"li, en"a.-an teria -a,i! -e.a+a8 16 Dra6 Dra6 9enni nni Dar Darvina vina77 M6Si M6Si ,elaela-" " +o,e +o,en n .e .e3i 3i3in 3in .a+a .a+a ata ata -"l -"lia! ia! te-n te-nii-  -ara-teri,a,i aterial6 26 Teant Teantean ean yan tela! tela! e3eri e3eri +"-"nan +"-"nan oril oril +an ateril ateril .a+a .a+a .en"li,6 .en"li,6 #6 (i!a-.i!a(i!a-.i!a- lain lain yan tela! 3er.arti 3er.arti,i.a, ,i.a,ii na"n ti+ati+a- ter,e3"t-an ter,e3"t-an +ala a-ala! a-ala! ini6 ini6 (en"li, 3er!ara. ,eoa a-ala! ini +a.at e3eri-an an:aat yan 3anya- -e.a+a  .ara .e3aa ter"taa -e.a+a .en"li,6 (en"li, enya+ari 3a!;a .en"li,an a-ala! ini a,i!  3anya- ter+a.at -e-"ranan +an a,i! *a"! +ari -e,e."rnaan yan +i,e3a3-an ole! -eter3ata,an il"7 .enalaan ,erta in:ora,i yan +iili-i ole! .en"li,6 Ole! ,e3a3 it" .en"li, en!ara.-an ,aran +an -riti- +ari .e3aa "nt"- .er3ai-an a-ala! ini +ia,a yan a-an +atan6

(a+an7 'e3r"ari 2014

(en"li,

DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR DAFTAR ISI BAB I PENDAHULUAN

................................................... .............................

A. Latar Belakang......................................................................................... B. Tujuan................................................................................. ...................... BAB II BEND TEST ......................................................................................... 2 A. Bending Teting ...................................................................................... 2 B. S!ei"ikai Bend Tet............................................... ................................ 2 #. Standar Pengujian $ang Di!akai .......................................................... % D. &eni ' &eni S!ei(en Bend Tet .......................................................... % E. &eni ' &eni )et*de Pengujian Bending .............................................. + F. Intruki Kerja Peng*!eraian Peralatan............................................. , G. Intruki Kerja Pelakanaan Bend Tet .............................................. H. Intruki Kerja Pen$ia!an S!ei(en Bend Tet ................................. I. Pr*e Pengujian .................................................................................... ..  &. Hail Pengujian Bend Tet...................................................................... /0 K. #*nt*1 Hail Pengujian Bend Tet ....................................................... /2 BAB III PENUTUP................................................................................... ......... /A. Kei(!ulan /B. Saran/DAFTAR PUSTAKA../3

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

A. LATAR BELAKANG

Si:at Me-ani- 3a!an a+ala! ,i:at yan ,anat .entin "nt"- +i-eta!"i7
>onto! alat +an .erlen-a.an "nt"- "*i -elen-"nan yait"8 16

Ben+in Te,t Me!ine

26

Mi,tar  

#6

%an-a Soron

46

S.eien

(a+a a-ala! ini a-an +i3a!a, enenai alat +an .ro,e+"r .en"*ian +ari Ben+ Te,t Ma!ine it" ,en+iri6

B. TU&UAN

16 Men*ela,-an -e"naan alat Ben+ Te,t +an ,.e,i:i-a,inya 26 &nt"- ena3a! (eneta!"an tentan alat -ara-teri,a,i aterial -!",",nya Ben+ Te,t6

BAB II PE)BAHASAN

A. Bending Teting

Ben+in Te,tin Ma!ine ini +i"na-an "nt"- eneta!"i ,i:at a." len-"n +ari loa ata" aterial !a,il la, yan +i.a-ai ,e3aai 3a!an ,.eien ,erta en"*i -e"letan aterial ata" -e"l",an ,a3"nan .enela,an +ari 3en+a "*i 3er3ent"- .elat ata" .i.a6 S.e,ien ,tan+ar +i3en-o--an elal"i 3","r tertent"6 T"*"an +ari .e"*ian -elen-"nan a+ala! "nt"- eneta!"i ,i:at = ,i:at e-ani- +ari ,"at" aterial ?Metalin:o6o7 2002@6

Ga3ar 16 Ben+in te,tin a!ine ?>arlo Bol+etti Aa+eia7 200@

B. S!ei"ikai Bend Tet

Ga3ar 26 S.e,i:i-a,i 3en+ te,t ?>arlo Bol+etti Aa+eia7 200@ 16 'orer7 er".a-an -o.onen yan a-an e3eri te-anan ter!a+a. ,.e,ien7 ,e!ina ,.e,ien elen-"n6 'orer ini +a.at +ivaria,i-an 3er+a,ar-an *eni, +an eto+e ,.e,ien 3en+ te,t6 26 %i7 er".a-an te.at eleta--an ,.e,ien7 +a.at 3erera- e.at7 +an *ara-nya +a.at +iat"r6 #6 Kr". .ena!an7 3er:"n,i "nt"- ena!an ,.e,ien6

Ga3ar #6 Te, ,.e,ien ?>arlo Bol+etti Aa+eia7 200@

#. Standar Pengujian $ang Di!akai

Stan+ar .en"*ian yan +i.a-ai +ala 3en+in te,tin ini a+ala! ASTM A#$07 ASTM E10$a7 ASTM E20$a7 AS D1617 AS D167 ASME IC7 A(I 1104 +an eto+e yan ,er".a ?Ne:a3 ro".7 200@6

D. &eni 4 &eni Sa(!el Bend Tet

16 Tranver,al ,i+e 3en+ (en"*ian 3en+ te,t +enan ara! .eotonan ,.eien tea- l"r", ter!a+a. ara!  .enela,an +an ,aat .en"*ian 3aian ,i,i .enela,an enara! 3aian +ala *i ,o"l+er,6

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Ga3ar 46 Tran,ver,al ,i+e Ben+ ?An+rea, )i-l"n+7 2010@

26 Tranver,al :ae 3en+ (en"*ian 3en+ te,t +enan ara! .eotonan ,.eien tea- l"r", ter!a+a. ara!  .enela,an +an ,aat .en"*ian 3aian a. .enela,an enara! 3aian +ala *i ,o"l+er,6

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Ga3ar 6 Tran,ver,al :ae Ben+ ?An+rea, )i-l"n+7 2010@

#6 Tranver,al root 3en+ (en"*ian 3en+ te,t +enan ara! .eotonan ,.eien tea- l"r", ter!a+a. ara!  .enela,an +an ,aat .en"*ian 3aian root .enela,an enara! 3aian +ala *i ,o"l+er,6

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Ga3ar 6 Tran,ver,al root Ben+ ?An+rea, )i-l"n+7 2010@

46 Lonit"+inal :ae 3en+ (en"*ian 3en+ te,t +enan ara! .eotonan ,.eien ,e*a*ar ter!a+a. ara!  .enela,an +an ,aat .en"*ian 3aian a. .enela,an enara! 3aian +ala *i ,o"l+er,6

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Ga3ar $6 Lonit"inal :ae Ben+ ?An+rea, )i-l"n+7 2010@

6 Lonit"+inal root 3en+ (en"*ian 3en+ te,t +enan ara! .eotonan ,.eien ,e*a*ar ter!a+a. ara!  .enela,an +an ,aat .en"*ian 3aian root .enela,an enara! 3aian +ala *i ,!o"l+er6

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Ga3ar 6 Lonit"+inal root Ben+ ?An+rea, )i-l"n+7 2010@

E. &eni 4 &eni )et*de Pengujian Bending

(en"*ian 3en+in .a+a ,.e,ien ini 3ert"*"an "nt"- eneta!"i a.a-a! ,.e,ien yan +i"na-an ter,e3"t 3a", ata" ti+a-6 %eni, = *eni, +ari eto+e .en"*ian 3en+in yait"8 16 G"i+e+ 3en+ te,t G"i+e+ 3en+ te,t +ila-"-an +enan en"." ,.eien .a+a "*"n .in7 roll ata" ra+i", .lat +an e3eri-an 3e3an ele;ati .l"ner +i tena!tena! antara -e+"a  .en"." ,a.ai ena.ai len-"nan yan +iinin-an6

'ore S.e,ien

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'ore

Ga3ar 6 G"i+e+ Ben+ te,t ?Sy:er Te!noloy Liite+7 2001@

26 Sei "i+e+ 3en+ te,t

Sei "i+e+ 3en+ te,t +ila-"-an +enan en*e.it ,at" ,i,i ,.eien +an e3eri-an 3e3an yan en+e,a- +i tena! ,.eien +an +i3eri-an ,a.ai ,.eien elen-"n ,e.erti yan +iinin-an6

'ore Reation .in

S.e,ien

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>la.

Ga3ar 106 Sei "i+e+ 3en+ te,t ?Sy:er Te!noloy Liite+7 2001@

#6 'ree 3en+ te,t 'ree 3en+ te,t ti+a- +ila-"-an +enan 1#e3er e-,ternal :ore .a+a 3aian +ala ,.eien7 ta.i +ila-"-an +enan 1#e3er 3e3an .a+a -e+"a "*"n +ari ,.eien6

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Ga3ar 116 'ree 3en+ te,t ?Sy:er Te!noloy Liite+7 2001@

46 Ben+ an+ :latten Ben+ an+ :latten +ila-"-an "la"la ,e.erti .a+a :ree 3en+ te,t7 ,etela! it" aya +iter",-an ,a.ai -e+"a ,i,i +ari len-"nan era.at6

'ore

S.e,ien

'ore Ga3ar 126 Ben+ an+ :latten ?Sy:er Te!noloy Liite+7 2001@

F. Intruki Kerja Peng*!eraian Peralatan

In,tr"-,i Ker*a (eno.era,ian Gote! &niver,al Te,tin Ma!ine "nt"- Ben+ Te,t6 >ara (eno.era,ian Gote! Ben+ Ma!ine 8 16 Te-an ,a-lar F.o;er ote! "niver,al te,tin a!ine "nt"- enyala-annya6 26 (ili! :orer +an .a,an-an .a+a e,in ,e,"ai +enan .er,yaratan +an ,tan+ar   .en"*ian yan +i"na-an6 #6 At"r *ara- +ari *i +enan eni-"ti lan-a!lan-a! 3eri-"t 8 a@ G"na-an -ali.er yan tela! +i-ali3ra,i "nt"- ea,ti-an *ara- *i yan a-an +i.er"na-an6  3@ At"r .en"ni +ari -e+"a .en"." -e"+ian +i-enan-an6 @ Leta--an *i ,e*a*ar +enan .an*an :orer6 +@ At"r .o,i,i *i ,a.ai ari, tena! :orer +an tena!tena! *i .a+a ari, yan ,aa6 46 Leta--an ,.e,ien en"r"t .a+a ti.e 3en+ te,t yan a-an +ila-"-an6 (entin  8 &nt"- 3en+ te,t ,.e,ien !a,il .enela,an +i.a,ti-an .o,i,i .enela,an 3era+a +i tena!tena! +ari ,.e,ien "*i yan +ilen-"n-an6

6 Len-"n-an ,.e,ien "*i +enan ene-an to3ol F,tart "nt"- enera--an e*a "*i nai- +enan -ee.atan yan ,e,"ai ,a.ai elen-"n ena.ai ,"+"t yan +iinin-an6 6 te-an to3ol Fret"rn "nt"- ene3ali-an e*a "*i t"r"n6 $6 Kel"ar-an ,.e,ien +ari *i6 6 Eval"a,i !a,il +ari ,.e,ien yan +ilen-"n-an6 6 Mati-an .o;er +enan ene-an ,a-lar F.o;er +ari Gote! &niver,al Te,tin Ma!ine6

G. Intruki Kerja Pelakanaan Bend Tet

(eeri-,aan S.e,ien6 16 Se3el" ela-,ana-an .en"*ian7 .eri-a !al!al 3eri-"t 8 a@ (enenal/ tan+a .a+a ,.e,ien "*i6  3@ Ti.e +ari te,t7 ra+e eterial +a,ar +an ,tan+ar .en"*ian yan en*a+i a"an6 @ Tin*a" -e3ali ti.e +ari .en"*ian a.a-a! .en"*ian yan +iinta +a.at +ila-,ana-an ,e,"ai +enan ,tan+ar .en"*ian6 26 S.e,ien .en"*ian 3en+ te,t !ar", +i,ia.-an +an +ii+enti:i-a,i en"r"t .ro,e+"r6 #6 I+enti:i-a,i +ari ,.e,ien tela! +i ,ta. ata" +i .a!at ,eara 3ai-6 46 (eri-,a ,.e,ien 3en+ te,t yan tela! +i.er,ia.-an a.a-a! "-"rannya ,e,"ai +enan ,.e,i:i-a,i yan +i teta.-an6

H. Intruki Kerja Pen$ia!an S!ei(en Bend Tet

Do-"en Re:eren,i ASTM A#$0$a ASTM E10$a ASTM E20$J A(I 11048200 AS D1618200 ASME IC8200$ ABS (art 2 82006

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(e3erian Tan+a .a+a Ben+a &*i

(e3erian tan+a .a+a 3en+a "*i ini terant"n .a+a o,t"er yan einta ela-"-an .en"*ian 3en+ te,t it" ,en+iri6 Lan-a! = lan-a!nya ,e3aai 3eri-"t8 16 Setela! eneria 3en+a "*i +ari ",toer7 la-"-an .enee-an 3eri-"t 8 a@ I+enti:i-a,i +an tan+a .a+a 3en+a "*i +an +o-"en .erinta! ata" .erintaan -er*a6  3@ %i-a ",toer ti+a- e3eri i+enti:i-a,i .a+a 3en+a "*i ata" ti+a- eneria +o-"en .erinta! -er*a7 !"3"ni ",toer "nt"- en+a.at-an i+enti:i-a,i yan ,e*ela,nya ,eara tert"li, ata" elal"i e+ia ele-troni-6 @ Ti.e +ari .en"*ian +an ,tan+ar .en"*ian yan a-an +i"na-an "nt"- 3en+a "*i6 +@ Tin*a" ti.e +ari .en"*ian *i-a .en"*ian yan +i3"t"!-an +a.at +ila-"-an ,e,"ai +enan ,tan+ar .en"*ian6 26 I+enti:i-a,i ",toer ata" +ari (T6HiTe,t "nt"- .enel","ran +i3eri-an .a+a 3en+a "*i "nt"- enea! ter*a+i -e3in"nan +ala .enananan 3en+a "*i ,aat .er,ia.an ,.e,ien .en"*ian6

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(enent"an Lo-a,i (eotonan Ben+a &*i6 (enent"an lo-a,i .eotonan .a+a 3en+a "*i ini *"a terant"n .a+a .erintaan

o,t"er6 >aranya yait"8 16 I+enti:i-a,i ara! .enela,an .a+a .lat ata" .i.a ?trn,ver,al ata" lonit"+inal@6 26 Tan+ai lo-a,i .ene3ilan ,.e,ien ,e,"ai +enan ,tan+ar ata" ,e,"ai in,tr"-,i o,t"er6

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(e3"atan S.e,ien "nt"- (en"*ian6

16 Tent"-an lo-a,i .eotonan "nt"- e.er,ia.-an ,.e,ien 3en+ te,t +enan e3eri-an tan+a ,e3el" +i.oton6 26 (oton 3en+a "*i ,e,"ai *"la! +an "-"ran ,.e,ien -a,ar yan +i3"t"!-an ole! ,tan+ar .en"*ian6 (ro,e+"r .eotonan !ar", eni-"ti ara .eno.era,ian e,in  .oton6

#6 (eli!ara tan+a .enenal .a+a ,etia. .otonan ,.e,ien "nt"- e3eri-an -etel","ran +ari ,etia. ,.e,ien yan ,e+an +i-er*a-an6 Beri tan+a .enenal *"a  .a+a ,etia. ,i,a .otonannya6 46 B"an 3aian a-ar +an "-a +ari .enela,an +enan ilin a"."n rin+a tanan ?yan +a.at e3eri-an .enyele,aian le3i! e.at@6 6 Rata-an -e+"a ,i,i +ari ,.e,ien +enan e,in ilin "nt"- en+a.at-an ,.e,ien  3en+ te,t yan rata +an .aralel +an eili-i "-"ran yan +i.er,yarat-an ole! ,tan+ar   .en"*ian6 6 &nt"- .ener*aan root 3en+ ata" :a,e 3en+ ,.eien7 ilin *"a +ila-"-an "nt"-  en"rani -ete3alannya 3ila +".er,yarat-an ole! ,.e,i:i-a,i6 %i-a -ete3alan ,e,"ai +enan .er,yaratan ti+a- .erl" a+a .en"ranan a-a "-". enrin+a .er"-aan root +an :a,e ;el+in !ina rata +an !al",6 $6 B"at len-"nan .a+a ,i,i,i,i ,.e,ien 3en+ te,t ,e,"ai ,tan+ar .en"*ian en"na-an rin+a tanan ,e!ina ,i,i,i,inya en*a+i 3ent"- ra+i", +an ti+a-  ta*a6

•

I+enti:i-a,i +ari S.e,ien Ben+ Te,t6

Tan+ai ata" .a!at-an i+enti:i-a,i .a+a "*"n +ari ,.e,ien6 (e3erian tan+a i+enti:i-a,i !ar", ,e,"ai +enan yan +i3eri-an o,t"er ata" eni-"ti at"ran la3oratori"6

I. Pr*e Pengujian

16 Kenali ti.e +ari .en"*ian 3en+ te,t yan a-an +ila-"-an ?lonit"+inal ata" tran,ver,al "nt"- len-"n ,i,i7 "-a ata" a-ar ,.e,ien@6 &nt"- 3en+ te,t !a,il  .enela,an7 ,-et,a +"l" ,.e,ien "nt"- enenali +aera! .enela,an6 26 Kenali lo-a,i len-"nan7 tan+ai lo-a,i len-"nan +enan ,.i+ol ?"nt"- ,.e,ien ,a3"nan .enela,an7 ,-et,a ,.e,ien "*i len-"n "nt"- ena.a--an  .enela,an@6 #6 (ili! ,"+"t len-"nan +an +iaeter :orer ,e,"ai +enan .er,yaratan ,tan+ar   .en"*ian6 46 Teta.-an ra+i", +ari .l"ner +an *ara- +ari ela!nya6 6 Len-"n-an ,.e,ien "*i en"r"t ,"+"t len-"nan yan +i,yarat-an ?3ila len-"nan "-a7 len-"nan a-ar "nt"- ene.a--an "-a +an *"a ,e3ali-nya@6

(entin 8 9a-in-an .enela,an yan +i.er!ati-an .a+a tena! len-"nan ,.e,ien "*i6 6 Eval"a,i +an re-a ,e"a -er",a-an +an "-"ran -er",a-an yan +ite"-an .a+a  .er"-aan len-"nan6 >atatan 8 Ben+ te,t +a.at +ila-,ana-an +enan le3i! +ari ,at" ,.e,ien "*i +ala ,e-ali .ro,e, elen-"n-an6

&. Hail Pengujian Bend Tet

16 Tranver,al ,i+e 3en+ Te,t re:erene

8 ASTM A#$07 ASTM E 102

Te,t et!o+

8 AS D161

Material

8 A #

'orer +iaeter

8 # 

S!o"l+er +i,tane

8 0 

Ben+ Anle

8 10°

Te,t S.eien ;i+t!

8 10 

Te,t S.eien t!i-ne,, 8 1  O3,ervation a:ter 3en+

8 No +i,ontin"itie, ;a, o3,erve+

Re,"lt

8 Ae.te+

(en*ela,an8 (a+a .en"*ian Ben+ Te,t +enan ara! .eotonan ,.e,ien tea- l"r", ter!a+a. 3  .enela,an ? tran,ver,al ,i+e 3en+ @ ini en"na-an ,tan+ar .en"*ian ASTM A#$07 ASTM E 102 +enan eto+e .en"*ian AS D1616 Ba!an yan +i"na-an a+ala! A #7 +iaeter :orernya yait" # 7 +enan *ara- ,o"l+er nya 0 6 S"+"t yan +i"na-an a+ala!

6 S.e,ien ter,e3"t e."nyai le3ar 10  +an -ete3alan 1

6 Ha,il +ari .en"*ian ,.e,ien ini +a.at +iteria6

26 Tranver,al :ae 3en+ Te,t re:erene

8 ASTM A#$07 ASTM E 102

Te,t et!o+

8 AS D161

Material

8 A #

'orer +iaeter

8 # 

S!o"l+er +i,tane

8 0 

Ben+ Anle

8 10°

Te,t S.eien ;i+t!

8 40 

Te,t S.eien t!i-ne,, 8 10624  O3,ervation a:ter 3en+

8 No +i,ontin"itie, ;a, o3,erve+

Re,"lt

8 Ae.te+

#6 Tranver,al root 3en+ Te,t re:erene

8 ASTM A#$07 ASTM E 102

Te,t et!o+

8 AS D161

Material

8 A #

'orer +iaeter

8 # 

S!o"l+er +i,tane

8 0 

Ben+ Anle

8 10°

Te,t S.eien ;i+t!

8 40 

Te,t S.eien t!i-ne,, 8 106  O3,ervation a:ter 3en+

8 Di,ontin"itie, 6  o: o.enin ;a, o3,erve+

Re,"lt

Re*ete+

46 Lonit"+inal :ae 3en+ Te,t re:erene

8 ASTM A#$07 ASTM E 102

Te,t et!o+

8 AS D161

Material

8 A #

'orer +iaeter

8 # 

S!o"l+er +i,tane

8 0 

Ben+ Anle

8 10°

Te,t S.eien ;i+t!

8 40 

Te,t S.eien t!i-ne,, 8 106#

O3,ervation a:ter 3en+

8 No +i,ontin"itie, ;a, o3,erve+

Re,"lt

8 Ae.te+

6 Lonit"+inal root 3en+ Te,t re:erene

8 ASTM A#$07 ASTM E 102

Te,t et!o+

8 AS D161

Material

8 A #

'orer +iaeter

8 # 

S!o"l+er +i,tane

8 0 

Ben+ Anle

8 10°

Te,t S.eien ;i+t!

8 40 

Te,t S.eien t!i-ne,, 8 106  O3,ervation a:ter 3en+

8 S" +i,ontin"itie, 460  o: o.enin ;a, o3,erve+

Re,"lt

8 Re*ete+

K. #*nt*1 Hail Pengujian Bend Tet

S.e,ien ,e3el" +ila-"-an .en"*ian

?Oer 6 Blo+ett7 200@

L. Inter!retai Data

In."t +ari .en"*ian en"na-an Ben+ Te,t ini 3er".a ,a.el
BAB III PENUTUP

A. Kei(!ulan

Men"r"t +ata yan tela! a+a ,e3el"nya 3en+in te,ter er".a-an ,"at" 3ent"-   .en"*ian e-ani-al .a+a aterial yan ,erin +i"na-an "nt"- eneta!"i ,i:at a." len-"n +ari loa ata" aterial !a,il la, yan +i.a-ai ,e3aai 3a!an ,.e,ien ,erta en"*i -e"letan aterial ata" -e"l",an ,a3"nan .enela,an +ari 3en+a "*i 3er3ent"- .elat ata"  .i.a6 Ber+a,ar-an !a,il .en"*ian +a.at +i-eta!"i7 *i-a ,.e,ien enalai -ereta-an a-a ,.e,ien ter,e3"t ti+a- 3a",7 ta.i *i-a ti+a- a+a -ereta-an7 ,.e,ien ter,e3"t e."nyai -"alita, yan 3ai-6

B. Saran

16 Di!ara.-an a+anya .ene3anan +ari .en"*ian ini aar +a.at le3i! teliti +ala  .en"-"rannya6 26 Aar +a.at +i"na-an ,e3aai +a,ar literat"r "nt"- .enelitian "*i e-ani-al .a+a aterial ,elan*"tnya6

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

!tt.8//etal,6a3o"t6o/li3rary/3l+e:Ben+Te,t6!t “Definition of Bending Test”. ?A-,e, tanal  Maret 2010@

!tt.8//en6;i-i.e+ia6or/;i-i/T!ree.oint:le"ralte,t “Three Point Flexural Test”6 ?A-,e, tanal 10 Maret 2010@

!tt.8//;;;6,y:er6o/ateory+o,/AN0002Ben+Te,tin6.+:  “Understanding Bend Test”6 ?A-,e, tanal 1 Maret 2010@

!tt.8//one6in+o,-ri.,i6o/no+e/121# “Analisa Uji Alat Bending”6 ?A-,e, tanal 1 Maret 2010@

!tt.8//iae,6oole6o6i+/ilan+in3en+in P20te,tQi"rl!tt.8//;;;6-eraver3an+6+e/.i/e3il+2126i:Qire:"rl!tt.8//;; ;6-eraver3an+6+e/3revierenl/10//1/10116!tQ",%an34D#o+t>1B3 CL%tIMGO-Q!#$4Q;00Q,<11Q!li+Q"1Qit3,1Qt3ni+ayoa)O
P#D1P2!lP#Di+P2,aP#DCP2t3, P#Di,!81Q"1Q,aCQt3,i,!81Q,tart0t3ni+r:E*4N1CE+%TMQ,tart11 “Gambar Alat Bending Testing”6 ?A-,e, tanal 1 Maret 2010@ !tt.8//"r"la,6;or+.re,,6o/ateri,a;lan*"t/  Ne:a37

+--6

2006

Stan+ar

(en"*ian

Ba!an

Kea,an5 6!tt.8//;;;6ne:a36o/(a-ainMaterialTe,tin6a,.6 ?A-,e, tanal 1 Maret 2010@ !tt.8//;;;6,y:er6o/ateory+o,/AN0002Ben+Te,tin6.+: