Commands

Solaris Commands For SA-I & SA-II

SUN SOLARIS SA-I

S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Commands

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

ls | ls –l mkdir cd | cd .. df | df –k du cat > pwd rm | rmdir | rm-r cp mv touch chmod < 777 > chmod u+w,g-r,o+w clear man bc cal banner date find / -name grep getent wc sort head -<100> tail -<100> ln

27

ln –s _ for soft link

28

35 36 37

useradd –m –d | -u –g –G passwd usermod |userdel groupadd –g /usr/sadm/bin/smuser add -- -n -u -g -d -s /bin/ksh /usr/sadm/bin/smuser modify -- -n -N -d -s /bin/ksh /usr/sadm/bin/smuser delete -- -n smgroup | same as above 3 smc& umask

38

vi

29 30 31 32

33

34

Functions To list the files at current location To create a directory For logging in to a directory To view disk free To view disk usage Catenation – to create a file To view current location To remove file and directory To copy a file To move a file and to rename To create a file To set permission | rwxrwxrwx =777 | owner group & other | i.e. : r=4 w=2 x=1 by total 7 To clear the screen To view manual Binary count To view calculator To view banner To view date To find a specific file To grep a word from a file To search using specific entry in admin file To view word count To sort the content of a file To list only the first <100> lines To list only the last <100> lines hard link – both file points the i-node number, link count increases If source is lost entire content is lost, L will be at the front of filename To create a user account | u-user id, g-pri. group, G-sec. group, m-mk dir, d-path To set password for an user To modify and to delete a user account To create a new group |-o to reallocated gid To create a SM-User

To modify a present user

To delete a present user To create, modify and to delete a smgroup To invoke the SMC tool in GUI mode This value will make effect on permission i.e “/etc/profile” | attains default – restarted To open a file through VI-Editor

1

Solaris Commands For SA-I & SA-II 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Prtconf prstat –a Psrinfo –v iostat -En |-xtc 5 Sdtprocess sar kill Format devfsadm –v devfsadm –C newfs /dev/rdsk/c#t#d#s# mount /dev/dsk/c#t#d#s# / Dmesg Eeprom uname –m | -a /usr/platform/”uname-m”/ sbin/prtdiag –v pkgadd –d | -s spool pkgchk pkginfo pkgrm pkginfo |wc –l fstyp –v /dev/rdsk/ctd#s# tunefs –m # /dev/rdsk/ctds fsck –o f,p /dev/rdsk/ctds# fsck –o b=# /dev/rdsk/ctds quot |-af root mountall mountall –l umount |/dev/dsk umount -f ---do--Umountall umountall –l fuser | -c or –cu fuser –ck Volcheck /etc/init.d/volmgt start mount –F hsfs –o r0 /dev/dsk/ct#d#s# /cdrom mount –F pcfs /dev/diskette/pcfs tar –xvf patchadd | -d patchrm init 0 init 1 init 2 init 3 init 5 init 6 init s

To view system config–memory, peripheral To view the system process status To view information about the processor To view the i/o device status To view the current system process status To view the system activity in average To kill a process which is listed in prstat To make slices in an hard disk To identify the hardware changes To invoke cleanup | then only –v fn works To make a new file system on the disk To mount the new disk for use To view the diagnostic messages To view the environment messages To view the m/c name, version, archi. etc., To view the entire system status includes memory, cpu, patches, os-version, etc., To install a package | if –s spool is used in btw_only copies the pkg to spool directory To check for error in a particular package To get info about package in local machine To remove a package from local machine To check for number of packages installed To check for the current “minfree” value To set minfree value i.e #% with that of root To run file system check | -o f, p for yes to all To restore backup sup. Block|#-sup. Block To view summarized FS ownership To mount all FS which have entry at vfstab To mount only the local FS listed in ‘vfstab’ To unmount the mounted file system 1 by 1 To unmount forcible | may affect data To unmount all mounted FS includes N/W To unmount all locally mounted FS To view any process is accessing the FS To kill all process which access the FS To check whether the floppy is ready or not To start the volume mgt | to stop, give stop To mount a cdrom manually To mount a floppy drive manually To uncompress a tar file To install a patch |–d is for no rollback To uninstall and rollbacks the patch To OK prompt To single user mode To multi user without network To console – super user | multiuser with nfs To shutdown the server To restart the server To single user mode

2

Solaris Commands For SA-I & SA-II 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126

shutdown –y –g <#> -i Halt poweroff | Reboot who –r who | -a who –m whoami | who I am rusers –l finger |-m last | last -n 5 reboot chown root : sys /var/adm/loginlog su | su - chown filename chmod 1777 chmod 4555 chmod 2555 lpadmin –d lpstat –d lp reject disable enable accept /usr/lib/lpsched | lpshut (or) /etc/init.d/lp start | stop lp –d lpstat –a lpmove at |at> job |ctrl d crontab –e |-r to remove job at -l & crontab –l ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0n /dev/dsk/c#t#d#s# ufsrestore rvf /dev/rmt/0 ufsrestore i /dev/rmt/0 mt status |rewind |offline mt fsf count fssnap –F ufs –o bs=/var/tmp /export/home fssnap –i prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/ct0ds2 > / fmthard –s / /dev/rdsk/ct1ds2

To shutdown the system |-y for interactive mode| # - grace time in seconds To switch over to OK prompt suddenly Alternate command to switch-off & restart To view the current run level To view all logged-in users in the local sys To view the current user name alone To view effective user | To view actual user To identify all users logged in through n/w To view the activity of the users To view full details for all users | record To view only the last five reboot activity To activate loginlog entry i.e. to note the failure login |you must create the directory To switch into another user | home dir – acti To change the ownership of a file|-R for dir Sticky bit permission | user can access dir Users exe this file will get root privilege Group exe this file will get root privilege To config a printer manually | -x to remove To view the systems default printer To give an print request To stop the queuing printer request To stop the printer To activate the printer To start the queuing printer request To start the LP printer service | To stop the LP printer service To divert your printing job to a new printer To view the status of the printer To divert one prt job to another printer To assign job at AT schedule| ctrl d to close To assign a job in crontab – it opens a editor To view the AT and crontab content To perform backup | 0-full backup, uupdate{/ etc/dump dates}, 0-drive or disk number i.e for incremental, n-no rewind To restore the backup To view the list of files present in the tape To view the status| To rewind | To eject To move the tape forward count records To perform a snapshot backup which usually stores at /dev/fssnap/0 To display a list of snapshot ct avail in sys. To store the structure of the given hard disk to an file through prtvtoc To copy the structure from / and to make available on the destiny hard disk

3


Vi Editor Commands S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Commands vi Esc h Esc l Esc j Esc k Esc i Esc x | 4x Esc X | 4X Esc R Esc o Esc O Esc u Esc G Esc w Esc b Esc H Esc M Esc L Esc I

20 21 22 23 24 25

Esc A Esc dw Esc dd Esc yy Esc p Esc yw

26 27

Esc J Esc ~

28 29 30

Esc : wq Esc : wq! Esc : !sh

31 32

Esc : r! Esc : r

33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Esc : q Esc : q! Esc : w Esc ZZ Esc : set nu Esc : set nonu ctrl f ctrl b

Functions To open vi editor for a specific file To move the cursor left - command mode To move the cursor right - command mode To move the cursor down - command mode To move the cursor up - command mode To Enter into Insertion mode To delete a character | deletes 4 character To delete left i.e. Back-Space To over-write a character To insert a line below the cursor To insert a line above the cursor Undo To move to the last line first character To move word by word right To move word by word left To move to the first line of the current page To move to the middle of the current page To move to the last line of current page To move to the beginning of the line & append To move to the end of the line & append To delete a word to the right To delete the current line completely To copy the current line – yanking To paste the copied content To copy a word – cursor must be at the starting To join two separate line To change the case i.e. upper to lower & Vvia To save & quit a file – EX-command mode To save & quit a file forcibly To go to shell temp. & type Exit to come back To add the output into the file To add the content of into the current file To quit the file without saving To quit the file without saving – forcibly To save the file and continue working To save & quit the file To assign the number for the lines To remove the assigned number for the lines Page down Page Up

4


OK Prompt Commands S.No 1 2 3

Commands

stop a stop d stop n

4 5

boot cdrom boot cdrom –s

6

boot –r

7 8

Boot boot disk

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

boot –s boot –a boot –v Help Printenv setenv reset-all set-defaults

17

set-defaults

18 19

probe-scsi | -ide probe-scsi-all |-ide-all

20 21

probe-fcall-all Devalias

22

nvalias

23 24

nvunalias show-disks

25

.version

26 27 28

.speed .enet-addr Showdevs

29 30 31

Banner watch-net watch-net-all

Functions To get into OK prompt For extensive post diagnostics To set default parameter |press until kbd led flashes To boot from cdrom To boot and get into single user mode using cdrom To reconfigure |config result will be at /reconfigure To boot through the default configuration To boot via specified disk|devalias - entry must exist To get into the single user mode For interactive booting Detailed device information to the console To get command details at OK prompt To print the environment detail To set environment for a specific parameter To save the changes and followed by reboot To set the values to the manufacturers setting To set the value for a specific parameter alone To check for internal scsi/ide status To check for internal & external scsi/ide status To check for fiber optics status To view the alias name & to which its mapped To add the alias and its physical address to the list To remove an alias from the current list To see the physical add of all drives i.e. sec storage To view the version, Ethernet address details etc., To view cpu speed, bus speed, etc., To view only the Ethernet address To view all the devices i.e. secondary storage only To view the ip, mac add, subnet mask etc To view the status of NIC card To view the status of NIC and network cable

5


Abbreviation S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Abbreviation Hme Qfe c0t0d0s0 Sparc UFS HSFS | under ufs PCFS | under ufs NFS | under Distributed FS TmpFS | under Pseudo FS SwapFS | under Pseudo FS FDFS | under Pseudo FS Explicit Name ProcFS | under Pseudo FS MntFS | under Pseudo FS

Expansion – Purpose Network Interface Card Quad Fast Ethernet Controller Target Disk Slice Scalable Process Architecture Unix File System – for disk mgt High Sierra FS – for SCSI cdrom’s PC-DOS Formatted FS – for floopys Network File System – for network Temp. FS – for avoid Overhead writing Swap FS – for Kernel use File Descriptor FS – for explicit names It’s the representative of Directory’s Process FS –for currently running proc. Mount FS – for locally mounted FS

Important Locations S.No 1 2 3

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Important Locations /etc/profile /etc/path_to_inst /usr/bin/dmesg /usr/sbin/dmesg /etc/default/kbd kbd –I _ To initialization above file /var/sadm/install/contents /var/spool/pkg /var/sadm/pkg /etc/vfstab _ Manual Entry /etc/mnttab _ Auto Entry /var/sadm/patch /usr/bin /var/adm/utmpx /var/adm/wtmpx

14 15

/var/adm/loginlog _ create it /etc/default/su

16

/etc/default/login_ edit this file for root logging restrictions | If PASSREQ=no then null password for root

17 18 19 20 21 22

/etc/ftpd/ftpusers /var/spool/lp /var/lp/logs /etc/lp /etc/hosts _ manual entry /etc/cron.d/at.deny|cron.allow

4

Purpose / Usage umask value | profile during login Physical address mapping - for kernel Diagnostic message will be here dmesg _ shows the content of this files Put # before keyboard_abort=disable |this is for preventing stop A in console Contains details about installed packages Default location for adding a package It has the currently installed package Entries for mounting FS during booting Entries for currently mounted FS It has the currently installed patches Mostly all commands will be here Who command reads this location Alone last -n command reads this location | in case root is full then clear this file. To view the failed login attempts To view the switching attempts | For this remove # in console= /dev/console and put # in more /var/adm/sulog If #console=/dev/console _ remote root login is allowed, if no # _ only through single machine, if console= then root cant be logged anywhere Users listed here are not allowed for ftp It holds the request and the print Queue It holds the history of the printer jobs It has the LP server configuration contains IP and hostnames of sys. In n/w To restrict users from using AT & Cron

6


Hints & Purposes S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Commands Host Bus Adopter Max 7 Slices Slice S2 – Back Up SUNWCxall SUNWCall SUNWCprog SUNWCuser SUNWCreg Web Installation JumpStart Installation Vi Editor – 3 Modes OE file system

13 14

File Types – 4 types Device naming

15 16 17

Sd n | dad n NV Ram – EEPROM # before any line in a file

18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

what happens during the Booting of Sun System Backup Superblock Cylinder group – size Boot block – active for ‘/’ Pointer types “Minfree” Value Preen Vol Mgr -/etc/vold.conf 105050-01 patch name sys wide & user environ Restoresymtable /etc/hosts /opt RSC

32

LOM

33

ALOM

34

SCC

35 36

KVM switch Part Number

Functions All harddisk will have a common HBA Only 7 slices are possible in a hard disk Points entire disk – cant be changed or used Entire Distribution with OEM support 64 bit Entire Distri 64 bit – no 3rd party support Developer Sys Supp –only manuals & network End User Sys Supp – limited network support Core Sys Support – no network 1st Installation CD then 1 of 2 CD & 2 of 2 CD Installing the OS through network Command, Insert and Ex-Command Mode Disk based(ufs), Distributed(nfs) & Pseudo(swap) Regular, directories, symbolic link & device files Logical, physical(actual) & instance(kernal) name For scsi | ide n-number – instance name Removable chip, inbuilt Lithium battery, host id This makes that particular line or process inactive Post, generic devi ce drivers, loads config done by admin, other default parameter, then OS files

It resides at several areas of disk| for restoration Default size is 16 cylinders per group Boot strap program resides here – 15 disk sector Direct Pointer and Indirect Pointer It’s the space utilized by the operating sys in root During sys boot fsck runs at Non Intractive mode Automatically mounts the cdrom and floopy 105050 is base code & 01 is the revision number While user logs this files get executed by shell This is a image file of tape formed in hard disk It is an link to /etc/inet/hosts Common location for utilities and 3rd party tools Remote System Console |consist of serial, n/w mgt port and modem Light Out Management | consists of only serial port and not a part of OS. Advanced LOM | Consists of serial port and a part of OS and also an n/w mgt port. System Controller Card | nvram data are stored here its an removable card – resp’ble for booting Keyboard Video Mouse switch |common unit Identity Number 300-4250 |product-exact no/.

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Solaris Commands For SA-I & SA-II Shell

Bourne Korn

Sys-wide Initialization files /etc/profile /etc/profile

C

/etc/.login

Primary user initialization files read at login $home/.profile $home/.profile $home/.kshrc $home/.profile $home/.cshrc

User Initialization files read when a new shell is started

Shell path name

$home/.kshrc

/bin/sh /bin/ksh

$home/.cshrc

/bin/csh

Default User Initialization File Shell Bourne Korn C

Initialization file templates /etc/skel/local.profile /etc/skel/local.profile /etc/skel/local.cshrc /etc/skel/local.login

User initialization files $home/.profile $home/.profile $home/.cshrc $home/.login

Steps Involved In Restoring Root From Tape

ok boot cdrom –s $ newfs /dev/rdsk/ c0t0d0s0 $ mount /dev/dsk/ c0t0d0s0 /a $ cd /a $ ufsrestore rf /dev/rmt/0 $ cd /usr/platform/”uname-m”/lib/fs/ufs $ installboot bootblk /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 $ umount /a $ fsck /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 usr/bin -> for all users

usr/sbin -> only for root

8


SUN SOLARIS SA-II

S.No 1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Abbreviation sys-unconfig _ sys restarts ifconfig –a ifconfig hme0 netmask up

ifconfig hme0 up | down snoop rpcinfo –p | rpcinfo –d version | pkill-HUP inetd etc/init.d/init.wbem status | start | stop Smc smc edit pagesize | default is 8192 b /var/sadm/smc/toolboxes/smc/ smc.tbx & /var/sadm/smc/toolboxes/ this_computer/this_computer.tbx

Expansion – Purpose To get into the network config. Section To view ip, mac add, subnet mask,etc status To assign IP address, netmask and as well as to make the network up To enable network interface | disable To capture and inspect the network pkgs To list the registered RPC services To delete a RPC service registration | To reactivate your service again To view the status of the SMC service |To start service | To stop service To open SMC To open SMC toolbox editor To view the size of memory page Default location for SMC toolbar smc edit command will make effect on this two files

Introduction To IP - Version IV /etc/rcS.d/S30network.sh _solaris 8|/etc/rcS.d/S30rootusr.sh _sol 7 & below During booting of sys these files get exe. This uses ifconfig utility & searches etc/hostname.xxn to identify instance |xx _ hme/nic

/etc/inet/hosts _ this can be used instead of DNS, NIS, NIS+. It contains ip, hostname, nickname, comments. Starting server processes : To start and stop any event at starting During the booting of system, the inetd daemon starts few services [ like NIS, TCP-IP, DNS, etc. ] which are not automatically start at boot time. We can view the list of services that were started by inetd are at /etc/rc2.d/S72inetsvc. Apart from this file the inetd consults the /etc/inetd.conf to find the service to activate. In order to stop any event init just put # before the service in the /etc/rc2.d/S72inetsvc and then execute pkill-HUP inetd command for instant effect. Six important files responsible for the network Files Pattern of Entry (or) content in the file /etc/nodename Hostname of the server eg: bomexport /etc/hostname.xxn Hostname of the service or server /etc/inet/hosts All IP address and hostname of other servers /etc/net/ticlts/hosts Hostname of the server twice – transport layer independent /etc/net/ticots/hosts Hostname of the server twice – transport layer independent /etc/net/ticotsord/hosts Hostname of the server twice – transport layer independent Either edit these files or else give sys-unconfig in order to configure the network

9

Solaris Commands For SA-I & SA-II SWAP Expansion #swap –s _ to display the virtual swap area #swap –l _ to display the physical swap area Adding swap space by slice: _ create a slice of required size in hard-disk _ add the entry for that slice in /etc/vfstab for an permanent effect _ swap –a /dev/dsk/c#t#d#S# | to activate the swap space Adding swap space by file: _ #mkfile _ #swap –a / | to activate the swap file _ #also add an entry in the /etc/vfstab for an permanent effect e.g: export/swapfile -- -- swap -- no -Removing a swap space: _ #swap –d _ this is to de-activate the swap area _ remove the entry from the /etc/vfstab _ delete the slice or file to free the utilized space Crash Dump #dumpadm _ its to activate the crash dump device for the fore-coming fault Procedure to read the crash message: _ cd /var/crash/”uname-n”/ -> log-into this location _ mdb unix.# vmcore.# | mdb or adb when you execute above command the prompt will change as below > |when prompt is as shown > ::status > $c > $q |to quit the prompt

when there is no prompt type $p> then you will get the prompt as >

NFS - Network File System _ Allows the multiple computers to use the same file, to reduce storage cost, provide data consistency & reliability. _ NFS daemon starts only when the system enters the run level 3 S.No 1 2

4 5

Command /etc/init.d/nfs.server start | stop share –F nfs –o mount –F nfs : unshare –F nfs shareall -F nfs

6 7 8 9 10

unshareall –F nfs dfshares –F nfs dfmounts -F nfs mountall -r -F nfs umountall -r -F nfs

S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6

Command /etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/sharetab /etc/dfs/fstypes /etc/rmtab /etc/dfs/nfslog.conf /etc/default/nfslogd

3

Operation To start & stop the NFS service manually To share a file for NFS service

To mount the shared file To unshared a file from NFS service To share all resources listed in /etc/dfs/dfstab To un-share all resources listed as above To display the currently shared NFS To display the NFS mounted resources To mount all remote file resources To un-mount all remote file resources Operation Local resources that as to share at boot time Currently shared local resources – auto entry Default file-system for remote file system FS that remotely mounted by NFS – auto entry NFS logging configuration file Configuration files for the nfslogd daemon

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Syslog functions - configuring system messaging The syslogd daemon and the input from /etc/syslog.conf files work together to facilitate the syslog messaging for the OE It can write message to the system log , centralized log host , messaging a user or at the system console. For this put the entry in /etc/syslog.conf file. The entries are the type of error [ i.e. user.err ] and the action field [ i.e. /filename _ the target file, @host _ for specific host, user _ for specific user, * _ for all logged in users ] Daemons involved: /etc/rc2.d/S74 syslog # /etc/init.d/syslog start | stop _ this is to start and stop the daemon. Auto FS _ It provides an automatic mounting using NFS protocol _ Its an client side service Components of auto-mount facility: Auto FS file system, Auto-mountd daemon, Auto-mount command , Auto FS file system mount-point is defined in the auto-mount maps on the client system. Configuring Master Map: For all types of auto sharing methods the entry must be here. Hence this remains the base entry for all sharing methods. Edit /etc/auto_master ----------------------entries------------------+auto_master # +_ indicates that consider automountd daemon /home auto_home -browse, (or) -nobrowse #- browse _ allow the users to view the mount-point -------------------------------------------------#automount _ reactivate the above file again Then shared resources get mounted below the /home/ Direct map entries: This map is only for general directory’s, and common sharing files (eg: softwares). In case 1 server is down then it can be get from other. Edit /etc/auto_direct ----------------------entries------------------ /usr/share/man -ro, soft ser1, ser2, ser3:/usr/share/man : #/- auto_direct -ro _ this entry in auto_master -------------------------------------------------#automount _ reactivate the above file again Indirect Map Entries: This mapping is for user home directories and for their files. Edit /etc/auto_home ----------------------entries------------------magi server_primary:/export/home/babu : #/home auto_home -nobrowse _ this entry in auto_master -------------------------------------------------procedure: _ Create the account for the user in both the servers with same UID & GID _ Put the entry for auto_home as shown above for a desired user e.g. babu _ # passwd –h babu | in secondary server (/export/home/babu)? /home/magi | change the home dir as desired _ # cd /home/magi |in sec server to enter into the pri servers home dir. After all this files are edited just type #automount -t -v this is to activate the desired mountpoint. If time is mentioned in –t then upto that time the FS remains mounted when its not in use.

11

Solaris Commands For SA-I & SA-II After all this files are edited just type #automount -t -v this is to activate the desired mountpoint. If time is mentioned in –t then upto that time the FS remains mounted when its not in use. RBAC - Role Based Access Control

This is to assign a specific role for a specific user. For these process four files comes into picture. They are /etc/user_attr /etc/security/prof_attr /etc/security/exec_attr /etc/security/auth_attr Example: assign a role of shut down , for a specific user _ #roleadd –u 500 –g 10 –m –d /export/home/role_shut role_shut _ create a role named roleshut _ vi /etc/security/prof_attr profile_shut ::: able to shutdown the system_comment: |creating profile _ # rolemod -P profile_shut , all role_shut |adding profile to the role _ verify that the role is included in the etc/user_attr _ #useradd -u 200 -g 10 –m –d /export/home/user_shut –R role_shut user_shut | this is to create a user and assigning the desired role _ #passwd user_shut _ #grep user_shut /etc/user_attr | to check the role attribute for the user _ #vi /etc/security/exec_attr profile_shut : suser : cmd : : : /usr/sbin/shutdown : uid=0 |bold area is the location of the shutdown command this must be searched manually and entered here. | This is to assign the shutdown command to the profile. This is how to assign a role for a specific user . How the user shutdown the system using this role: _ first login as the user _ $profiles | this is to list the various RBAC profiles that he associated _ $role | this is to list the various roles that he associated _ $su role_shut _ $/usr/sbin/shutdown –i 5 –g 0 |now the system will go down Name Server Name service switching files Local files DNS NIS NIS+ LDAP

Location

/etc/nsswitch.files /etc/nsswitch.dns /etc/nsswitch.nis /etc/nsswitch.nisplus /etc/nsswitch.ldap

DNS & LDAP DNS and LDAP configuration were similar to NIS only service activation command and configuration files vary. #ldapclient _ for ldap client activation |#ldapclient uninit_ un-configure ldap.

12

Solaris Commands For SA-I & SA-II NIS The NIS maps are located at /var/yp/domainname/.byname.pag |& .dir Similarly /var/yp/domainname/.byaddr.pag |& .dir Daemons used: ypserv, ypbind, rpc.yppasswdd, ypxfrd, rpc.updated All five are utilized by server and only first two by clients. Through NIS service a centralized useraccount can be provided.

Configuring a machine as the NIS master server : _ #cp /etc/nsswitch.nis / etc/nsswitch.conf _ #domainname accel.com _ #touch /etc/defaultdomain _ #domainname > /etc/defaultdomain _ #cd /etc _ #touch ethers bootparams locale timezone netgroup netmasks _ #ypinit -m _ To initialize the master server _ #/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypstart _ To start the NIS daemons

Configuring a machine as the NIS client : The steps were same as above but instead of ypinit –m give ypinit –c to start client service and also put the server IP entry in the /etc/hosts.

ACL - Access Control List It provides greater data access control for each file. Permission for a specific user is also possible using ACL. Syntax: setfacl {entry type : UID or GID : permission } owner [u] user name R,W,X group [g] group name other [o] uid/gid Command Usage getfacl < file name > setfacl –s setfacl –s u::rwx,g::rw-,o::r--,m:7 file1 getfacl file1 | setfacl –f – file2 setfacl –d u:root:7 file1 setfacl –m u:root:7 file1 setfacl -r -m u:user:7 file1

To see the present FACL entry To set a permission for existing file | m_ to set mask value Copies file permission from f1-f2 To delete an entry from a file Adding one by one entry in a file rewrites mask in accordance to user

Root Mirroring _ create a slice of 50mb for state database ||let it be slice 7 i.e. s7 _ #prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2 | fmthard –s - /dev/rdsk/c#t#d0s2 _ #metadb -afc3 c0t0d0s7 c0t#d0s7 c#t#d0s7 || To create 3 replicas in each state db | 3 hard-disk because (n/2)+1 replicas _ #metadb -i ||To check for status _ #metainit -f d10 1 1 c0t0d0s0 ||To create primary sub-mirror _ #metastat _ #metainit -f d20 1 1 c0t#d0s0 ||To create secondary sub-mirror _ #metainit d50 -m d10 || mapping to main mirror _ #metaroot d50 ||To put an auto entry in vfs tab _ reboot the system now # init 6 _ #metattach d50 d20 ||resynchronization starts now Replacing the defective disk in case of failure : # metareplace Breaking the Mirror : _ #metadetach d50 d20 ||breaking secondary sub-mirror _ #metaroot /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 ||role-back the vfs entry _ #init 6 _ #metaclear -r d50 ||removing main mirror _ #metaclear d20 ||removing secondary mirror _ #metadb -d -f c0t0d0s7 c0t#d0s7 c#t#d0s7 ||removing the replicas

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Solaris Commands For SA-I & SA-II Hot Spare with Mirror Meta Device It’s not applicable for mounted file system i.e. for root. Consider c1 and c2 are the two disks for this c3 be the hot spare let it be the scenario. In this if c1 & c2 are in mirror if any one goes down then c3 will come into picture. _ create a slice of 50mb for state database ||let it be slice 7 i.e. s7 _ #metadb -afc3 c1t0d0s7 c2t0d0s7 c3t0d0s7 || To create 3 replicas _ #metahs -hsp001 c3t0d0s1 ||To create the hot spare _ #metainit d13 1 1 c1t0d0s1 ||To create primary sub-mirror _ #metainit d23 1 1 c2t0d0s1 ||To create secondary sub-mirror _ #metaparam -h hsp001 d13 ||Assigning hot spare to sub-mirror _ #metaparam -h hsp001 d23 ||Assigning hot spare to sub-mirror _ #metainit d150 -m d13 ||Mapping to main mirror _ #metattach d150 d23 ||To synchronize the sub mirrors _ #newfs /dev/md/rdsk/d150 ||Making new file system _ #mkdir /mirror ||Create a directory for mounting _ #mount /dev/md/rdsk/d150 /mirror ||mount the partition Let us consider c2 goes down in above scenario so hot spare (c3) will be there in the role or c2 then replace the disk c2 by new one and follow the procedure _ #metareplace -e d150 c2t0d0s1 ||To switch back hard-disk from c3 to c2 _ #metahs -e c3t0d0s4 || To re-enable the hot-spare c3 once again RAID – 5 With Hot Spare Let c1, c2 & c3 be the 3 disk in which s1 of all disk are under raid-5. The s3 of disk c2 & c3 be the hot-spare which acts during the failure of s1. Let it be the scenario. _ create a slice of 50mb for state database ||let it be slice 7 i.e. s7 _ #metadb -afc2 c1t0d0s7 c2t0d0s7 c3t0d0s7 || To create 2 replicas _ #metahs -a -hsp009 c2t0d0s3 c3t0d0s3 ||To create the hot spare _ #metainit d101 -r c1t0d0s1 c2t0d0s1 c3t0d0s1 _ #metaparam -h hsp009 d101 _ #newfs /dev/md/dsk/d101 ||Making new file system _ #mkdir /raid5dir ||Create a directory for mounting _ #mount /dev/md/rdsk/d101 /raid5dir ||mount the partition In case if any disk fails & hot-spare comes into picture then replace the disk, then _ #metareplace -e d _ #metahs -e Disk Set -- adding Soft Slices Maximum of 128 soft slices can be created in a disk set. To change the default number of soft slice edit “md.conf” & then change the value to “nmd=128” Steps Involved in creating a soft slice : _ metaset -s -a c#t1d# c#t3d#| adding share name for storage _ metaset -s -a -h |assigning system to storage _ metaset -s 1 1 /dev/dsk/ c#t1d#s#|replica _ metaset -s 1 1 /dev/dsk/ c#t3d#s#|replica _ newfs /dev/md//rdsk/ | similarly for d501 _ metainit -s -p | only this command is for the soft slice rest is only to create a disk-set. Steps Involved in creating a Disk-Set : Repeat the above steps one by one the only changes are add the another servers node name also at the end of second command. If soft slice required then provide the last command or else leave it. When the control of diskset is need by the other node server the type this system from the system which is requesting for service, # metaset -s -r |this is for request # metaset -s -t |this is when the another node is down # metaset -s -t -f |takes the control forcibly this can be given when the next system is up but after this the main node will go to a panic state

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Solaris Commands For SA-I & SA-II Steps 1

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Jump Start Installation Configure the NIS master sever first #cp /etc/nsswitch.nis / etc/nsswitch.conf #domainname accel.com #touch /etc/defaultdomain #domainname > /etc/defaultdomain #cd /etc #touch ethers bootparams locale timezone netgroup netmasks #ypinit -m -> To initialize the master server #/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypstart -> To start the NIS daemons Edit /etc/ethers and add the following entries #vi /etc/ethers --------------------entry--------------------< MAC add of destination sys_8:0:20:95:f0:d0:> ------------------------------------------------Edit /etc/hosts and add the following entries #vi /etc/hosts --------------------entry--------------------200.100.50.1 accel.com loghost timehost 200.100.50.2 200.100.50.3 ------------------------------------------------Edit /etc/netmasks and add the following entries #vi /etc/netmasks --------------------entry--------------------200.100.50.0 255.255.255.0 ------------------------------------------------Edit /etc/timezone and add the following entries #vi /etc/timezone --------------------entry--------------------US/mountain accel.com ------------------------------------------------Edit /etc/locale and add the following entries #vi /etc/locale --------------------entry--------------------accel.com en-us ------------------------------------------------Update the NIS maps #cd /var/yp #usr/ccs/bin/make #mkdir /jump ||create a directory to copy jump start files – size 2gb Insert Solaris CD - 1/2 #cd /cdrom/cdrom0/s0/Solaris_8/Tools #./setup_install_server /jump Insert Solaris CD - 2/2 #cd /cdrom/cdrom0/Solaris_8/Tools #./setup_install_server /jump Copy the sample jumpstart scripts from Solaris CD – 1/2 to /jump #cd /cdrom/cdrom0/s0/Solaris_8/Misc/jumpstart_sample #cp -r * /jump Create system identification details #cd /jump #mkdir sysidcfg-dir #cd sysidcfg-dir #mkdir

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#cd #vi sysidcfg -------------------------entries----------------------------system_locale=en_US timezone=US/Central terminal=xterms name_service=NONE timeservice= security_policy=NONE network_interface=hme0 {hostname= ip_address= netmask= protocol_ipv6=no} ----------------------------------------------------------Create the profile file # cd /jump # vi .profile --------------------------entry---------------------------install_type initial_install system_type server partitioning explicit filesys c0t0d0s0 3000 / filesys c0t0d0s1 750 swap (note: you can create other slices if required) geo N_America cluster SUNWCall (entire distribution) (optional: you can add additional packages if required using the command: package add ----------------------------------------------------------Add the entry in rules file # cd /jump # vi rules -------------------------entry----------------------------any - - .profile – ----------------------------------------------------------Validate the rules.ok file # ./check Add the client # cd /jump/Solaris_8/Tools # ./add_install_client –c :/jump –p :/jump/sysidcfg-dir/e450 e450 sun4u Edit the /etc/dfs/dfstab file # vi /etc/dfs/dfstab -------------------------entry----------------------------share –F nfs –o ro,anon=0 /jump ----------------------------------------------------------Update the NIS maps once again # cd /var/yp # /usr/ccs/bin/make 19. To start the jumpstart installation Go to destination server and from there you just give the following command form OK: prompt Ok : boot net – install

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Solaris Commands For SA-I & SA-II Remote Access Put a “+” or “user name” in the “.rhost” file at home directory or else in /etc location so that users from other system can login to the local system remotely. Command Function rcp : Remote copy rlogin Remote login lllar to telnet rsh mt staus To utilize the other system h/w |tape Hints Well-known ports Dynamic ports

Purpose Ranges upto 1024 _ located at /etc/inet/services From 1025 to 65535_ at /etc/inet/services

Veritas Volume Manager Installation : Insert Veritas cd & goto the package location and give pkgadd –d . ,after adding the package just give #vxinstall this is to start installation of the veritas. Then it will ask few question give appropriate answer for it. At any-cost don’t do the encapsulation this process is to add the root hard disk under veritas. Daemons Used : vxconfigd , vxiod – i/o operation, vxrelocd – hot relocation Disk Group : Collection of physical disk which were under veritas Volume (V) : Collection of disk is said to be as a volume. Plux (Pl) : Volumes were subdivided into pluxes. Maximum 32 plux in a volume & at least 1 plux per volume. Subdisk (Sd) : Each and ever Plux is subdivided into a subdisk. All subdisk within a volume must fall under a same Disk Group. Commands Functions Vxprint To view the status of VxVM Vxdiskadm To view the Vx menu |press q – quit vxassist make To create concatenation | con1 is the newfs /dev/vx/rdsk/ name of concate | mount & use it vxvol stop To remove the concatenation |-rf rm – vxedit -rf rm remove forcibely, remove volume. vxassist make To create stripe of desired size | run layout=stripe newfs and mount the device vxvol stop To remove the stripe |-rf rm – remove vxedit -rf rm forcibely, remove volume. vxassist mirror rootvol To create root mirror|don’t run newfs vxassist mirror swapvol |run encapsulation here – vxdiskadm vxplex -o –rm dis To break the root mirror | don’t give vxplex -o –rm dis at any-cost it will crash /etc/vx/bin/vxunroot the system vxassist make To create a data mirror | run newfs layout=mirror and mount the device vxvol stop To break the data mirror vxplex -o –rm dis vxassist make To create disk space for Raid 5 layout=raid5 vxvol stop To break the Raid 5 vxplex -o –rm dis vxdctl stop To stop the VxVm daemon vxiod -f set0 To terminate the i/o operation init 6 Restart & uninstall veritas using cd

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Solaris Commands For SA-I & SA-II SUN CLUSTER Required Components: Terminal Concentrator, Cluster host, Storage array, Public network, Administrative workstation – sun cluster console software SUNWccon It won’t support multiple connections from a same server to a single storage box. Topologies: C lustered Pair Topology, N+1 Topology, Pair + N topology. Clustered Pair Topology : If two are more pairs of nodes operating under a single cluster administrative framework. In this the Nodes are configured in pairs-two, four, six or eight nodes N+1 Topology : This is providing one system to act as the back-up for the other system in the group. Pair + N topology : It is adding or including a pair of cluster in an existing cluster pair only for the purpose of storage sharing. In this there is no direct connection between them. NOTE: Once cluster is installed the init command won’t work to shutdown the system use # scshutdown -y g Configuration steps of sun cluster 3.0 Steps involved : _ Install Disk Suit _ Change SCSI Initiator ID _ Initial Installation - Sun Cluster Software Installation _ Configuring Quorum device _ Disk Set using Disk Suit _ Data Service Configuration Changing SCSI Initiator ID : { do this steps only in any one server node } Ok: probe-scsi-all | To view the physical disk path of the hard disk | note this for disk set Ok: nvedit 0: probe-all install-console banner 1: cd < physical path or external hard disk_@1f,2000/scsi@1> 2: 6 “ scsi-initiator-id” integer-property 3: device-end 4: cd < physical path or external hard disk_@1f,2000/scsi@1> 5: 6 “ scsi-initiator-id” integer-property 6: device-end 7: banner < to save press ctrl c > Ok: nvstore Ok: setenv use-nvramrc? true Ok: setenv auto-boot? true Ok: reset-all Ok: cd < physical path or external hard disk_@1f,2000/scsi@1> Ok: .properties | This is to view the changed SCSI initiator ID Creating Slices : { do this step in all the servers/nodes } For an sun cluster 4 slices are important they are root, swap, /globaldevices, 50mb for replica . Edit /etc/host : { do this step in all the servers/nodes } -----------------------entry---------------------- | its virtual IP ---------------------------------------------------Assigning Logical or Virtual IP Address For the Service : { do in all servers/nodes } # ifconfig hme0:1 plumb # ifconfig hme0:1 netmask up # init6 | restart all the nodes in a same instant Cluster Installation : { do in all servers/nodes } # cd /cdrom/cdrom0/SunCluster_3.0/Tools

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Solaris Commands For SA-I & SA-II # ./scinstall | A installation menu will appear in that provide all the details Create and Edit /.rhosts : { do in all servers/nodes } -----------------------entry---------------------- ---------------------------------------------------(or) Add root users to the sysadmin group i.e. /etc/group { do in all servers/nodes } Entry : sysadmin::14::root | add this entry in /etc/group Install the required patches such as 110648-33,111488-08,112108-07and Restart

Edit /etc/profile : add following entry { do in all servers/nodes } -----------------------entry----------------------PATH=/usr/bin::/usr/sbin::/usr/cluster/bin export PATH MANPATH=/usr/cluster/man export MANPATH ---------------------------------------------------Configure the Quorum Device : { do in any one servers/node } | for voting purpose # scdidadm -L | to see the DID instance name on the storage box # scsetup # scconf -a -q globaldev=d9 continue (y/n) :y # scconf -c -q reset Quorum device : Add another quorum device (y/n) :n Reset installmode (y/n) :y Disk Set Configuration Steps : { do in all servers/node } Install Disk Suit from Solaris 2 of 2 CD and then create state db replica. # metaset -s -a -h # metaset -s -a /dev/did/rdisk/ Creating Concate / Stribes : { do in all ser vers/node } # metainit -s 1 1 /dev/did/rdsk/s0 # newfs /dev/md//rdsk/ # mkdir /global/nfs # mount -g /dev/md//dsk/ /global/nfs Edit /etc/vfstab : for permanent entry { do in all servers/node } /dev/md//dsk/ /dev/md//rdsk/ /global/nfs ufs 2 yes global,logging | 2 is for no-run fsck at boot NAFO – Network Adaptor Fail Over - for public n/w management In case of failure of the network adaptor which is responsible for public network then due to this also the public can’t able to access the server, in order to avoid that we can provide a standby adaptor and that has to be configured in NAFO to take charge.

# pnmstat -l | To view the status # pnmset | To creat NAFO continue (y/n) :y Number NAFO backup groups : 1 Group Number :0 | i.e nafo0 Enter adaptor names :

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Solaris Commands For SA-I & SA-II Data Service Configuration : S ervices like apache, oracle, dns, iws etc., Insert sun cluster 2nd CD & give ./scinstall and then choose 4 for adding support for data service. In case of nfs select it and quit and then add required patched for the service eg. 11155507 and then restart the system by scshutdown -y -g0 Resource Group Manager (RGM) : { do in any one servers/node } Responsible for controlling the starting and stoping of resource group on selected nodes of the cluster. # cd /global/nfs # mkdir admin data # cd admin # mkdir SUNW.nfs # cd SUNW.nfs # touch dfstab. # chmod 777 /global/nfs/data

Edit dfstab. -----------------------entry----------------------share -F nfs -o rw /global/nfs/data ---------------------------------------------------Register the Appropriate Resource type (NFS) : # scrgadm -a -t SUNW.nfs # scrgadm -a -g -h -y path prefix=/global/nfs/admin # scrgadm -a -L -j -g < resource group name _nfsserverrg > -l # scrgadm -a -j -g < resource group name_nfs-server-rg > -t SUNW.nfs Enabling & Bringing Resources Online : # scswitch -Z -g nfs-server-rg # scrgadm -a -L -g < resource group name_nfs-server-rg > -l -n | To associate pubic n/w mgt with resource group Disabling nfs resources : # scswitch -n -M -j Enabling nfs resources : # scswitch -e -M -j # scstat -g | To view the status # scrgadm -p | To view the resource type, group, installed resources etc., In Client Side : _ Create a mount point # mkdir suncluster _ Mount the directory # mount :/global/nfs/data/suncluster _ Edit /etc/hosts _ entry is To Manually switch the service from one node to the another : # scswitch -z -h -g

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Solaris Commands For SA-I & SA-II FLASH Installation

Flash installation is getting and saving the network configuration & setting of your system to an existing extra disk. In case of any failure in your system you put the extra disk in some other machine and restore the configuration by locating it while reinstallation of OS on your system. #flarcreate -n -a -R / -x _ To create a flash archive. Installing Explorer & Getting Explorer Output _ Get the SUNWexplo from CD or online _ Install it by placing it in /opt location _ To get the explorer output goto /opt/SUNWexplo/bin & give explorer -i _ Then output of explorer will be in the same location or in output directory. The file name will be explorer..-.tar.gz _ If you want to read the content execute suncheckup for further details.

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