Final Synopsis of Minor Project SOLAR

Synopsis of Minor Project

(Solar Tracking System for Maximum Power Generation)

Avinash umar

ABSTRACT

Solar energy is rapidly advancing as an important means of renewable energy resource. Solar tracking enables more solar energy to be generated because the solar panel is able to maintain a perpendicular prole to the sun’s rays.

 The main objective of this project is the construction of a prototype for an automatic solar tracking system which detects the sunlight using LD in order to ma!imi"e in harvesting solar power and also to display the voltage generating from the solar panel.

INTRODUCTION #nergy is the prime factor for the development of a nation. $n enormous amount of energy is e!tracted% distributed% converted and consumed in the global society daily. daily. &'( of energy production is dependent on fossil fuels. The resources of  the fossil fuels are limited and their use results in global warming due to emission of greenhouse gases. To To provide a sustainable power production and safe world to the future generation% there is a growing g rowing demand for energy from renewable sources like solar% wind% geothermal and ocean tidal wave.

Solar panels directly convert solar radiation into electrical energy. Solar panel is mainly made from semiconductor materials. Si used as the major component of solar panels% which is ma!imum )*.'( e+cient.

Block diagram description of the automatic solar tracking system

  Solar   -late

  Stepper   2otor

  2otor   Driver

LD S#S, 3

 $D0

210,0,T,L L#

$D0

LD S#S, )

S,L$ -$#L /is a photo voltaic cells which converts the sun radiation into a direct current.

$D0 / receives the analog output from LDs and solar panel 1t converts them to digital form.

These digital signals are given to the microcontroller microcontroller..

2icrocontroller/ $T&4S') is &/bit microcontroller from $tmel Semiconductors.  This comes into &5'3 family microcontroller microcontroller..  This is the heart of the project.  The complete control logic program is stored in this microcontroller microcontroller.. 1t sends send s and receives control and data signals to L0D% Stepper motor and to the other Devices based on the program logic.

6orking7 38 The  The system focuses on the controller design where the system is able to track the ma!imum intensity of Sunlight. Sunlight . )86hen the intensity of Sunlight is decreasing% this system automatically changes its direction to get ma!imum intensity of  Sunlight. 98LD light detector acts as a sensor is used to trace the coordinate of the Sunlight by detecting brightness level of Sunlight. *86hile *86hile to rotate the appropriate position of the panel% a D0 motor is used.

'8 The  The system is controlled by a micro/ micro/ controller as a main processor.

CO!ARISION O" #$IST#D #T%ODS AND !RO!OS#D #T%OD

!"#S !" #ST! T!$ $ M!T% M!T%&$ &$S S

•

•

Solar panels are !ed  The system can’t automatically change its direction to get ma!imum power at output.

•

 Low e+ciency

•

 $ccuracy is less.

P'&P P'&P&S &S!$ !$ M!T%&$S •

•

 The available annual energy to !ed trackers is considerably low lo w.

 The system automatically changes its direction to get ma!imum power at output.

•

:igh e+ciency

•

:ighly accurate.

•

•

2ovable Solar panels.

 The annual energy available to the automatic tracker is ;)( higher.

Ad&antages of Sun Tr Tracking acking Solar !anel'

•

The solar energy can be reused as it is non-renewable resource.

•

This also saves money as there is no need to pay for energy used.

Sun Tracking Solar !anel Applications' 1.

These panels can be used to power the traffic lights and streetlights

2.

These can be used in home to power the appliances using solar power.

3.

These can be used in industries as more energy can be saved by rotating the panel.

(imitations of Sun Tracking Solar !anel Circuit' 1.

Though solar energy can be utilized to maximum extent this may create problems in rainy season.

2.  Although solar energy can can be saved to batteries they are are heavy and occupy occupy more space and re!uired to change time to time. 3.

They are expensive.