Hotel Database Management System Minor Project
Chrichtian A. Neal May 15, 2013 0
Chrichtian A. Neal
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this a bona fide record to the project work done satifactorily at Uttar Pradesh by Chrichtian A. Neal (BSc IT015420102013027) of the BSCIT10 program.
This report or the similar report on this topic has not been submitted for any other examination and does not form part of any othe course undergone by the candidate.
Date: May 15, 2013
Signature of Project Guide:________________________________
Satish Singh Nishant K Rai
Chrichtian A. Neal
ABSTRACT
With the rapid changing of today’s worlds in technological advancements and information ‘over charge’ (surplus), it is yet to draw a definite conclusion that there are no opposing forces to the inevitable change. Information and Communication Technology (interchangeably used as IT) with a referenced grip on MIS has bridge the gap between people and information, but it is more interesting how information is derived at to making decisions affecting every aspect of our individual lives. An investigative survey was done amongst some urban hotels with in the city to captivate, to an extent, the acceptance of the change afforded by Information Technology in a day-to-day handling of resource raw data by which decisions are made and businesses thrive. For the setting, it was noticed that as much as information (as a result of organized data) plays a leading role in the businesses’ lives, just but a few would consider the finds. On a larger scale, hotels were not managing data well or not at all, and proposing a more efficient way of data management (considering the cost to the high advantage) was such a constraint to hotel managers. At a reasonable timing a hotel was able to see the need for such a change, allow a case study to improve it already partially manual booking and cancellation process and semielectronic billing system. This project proves a basis to elaborate that the more concise, centralize, and organized data becomes, so will the output (information) be. It was discovered in analyzing the developed system to the former that efficiency, timing, redundancy elimination, productivity, feasibility, and cost reduction were prime in its objectives. Based on this project, a closer look at the perception and the resource factor to improving the overall goal to drive people and entities toward managing data which plays a critical role in the decision they make, which improves or impedes productivity but focusing on deriving an inexpressive module for the sole purpose of managing small and medium (income generating) hotels facilities.
Chrichtian A. Neal
ACKNOLEWDGEMENT
I would like to extend special thanks and gratitude to the Human Resource Manager of The Cape Hotel, Mr. Victor J. Whitfield, for his valuable time afforded me in preparing the outcome of this project. Another big ‘thank you’ to my office (and entire staff) for allowing be the peace I needed on Earth to complete this project. Had it not been for their understand and less unlimited job requests, I wouldn’t have been able to come to a reasonable finish.
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TABLE OF CONTENT 1.
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Purpose, Scope, and Applicability ................................................................................................. 2 1.3.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................. 2 1.3.2 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.3 Applicability........................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Achievements................................................................................................................................ 2 1.5 Organization of Report.................................................................................................................. 3 2. Survey of Technologies ......................................................................................................................... 4 3. Requirements and Analysis ................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Problem Definition: ....................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 System Analysis: ............................................................................................................................ 8 3.2.1 Cape Hotel system at the moment runs as follows: ........................................................... 10 3.2.2 Problems faced with system at Cape Hotel ........................................................................ 10 3.3 Planning and Scheduling ............................................................................................................. 11 3.4 Software and Hardware Requirements:.................................................................................... 12 3.4.1 Computer ............................................................................................................................ 12 3.4.2 Printer ................................................................................................................................. 12 3.4.3 Software Requirement: ....................................................................................................... 12 3.5 Preliminary Product Description ................................................................................................. 13 3.5.1 End users requirement........................................................................................................ 13 3.5.2 Hotel information................................................................................................................ 13 3.6 Conceptual Models: .................................................................................................................... 15 3.6.1 System flowchart: ............................................................................................................... 16 4. System Design ..................................................................................................................................... 17 4.1 Data Design ................................................................................................................................. 17 4.1.1 Integrity and Constraints .................................................................................................... 17 4.1.2 Normalization of entities .................................................................................................... 18 4.1.3 Entity Relationship Diagram (ER Diagram).......................................................................... 21 4.1.4 Functional Dependencies .................................................................................................... 22 4.2 Basic Modules: ............................................................................................................................ 23 4.2.1 Form prototype .......................................................................................................................... 23 4.3 User Interface Design:................................................................................................................. 31 4.3.1 Main menu .......................................................................................................................... 32 4.3.2 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) ...................................................................................... 38 4.4 Security Issues: ............................................................................................................................ 43 4.4.1 User Identification............................................................................................................... 43 4.4.2 Network Access ................................................................................................................... 43 4.4.3 Recovery.............................................................................................................................. 43 4.4.4 Malware and Intrusion ........................................................................................................ 43 5. Implementation and Testing ............................................................................................................... 44 5.1 Coding: ........................................................................................................................................ 44 5.1.1 Forms: ................................................................................................................................. 44 5.1.2 Form_CreditCard ................................................................................................................. 47
Chrichtian A. Neal 5.1.3 Form_Customer .................................................................................................................. 48 5.1.4 Form_Menu ........................................................................................................................ 48 5.1.5 Form_Report ....................................................................................................................... 50 5.1.6 Form_Room Available ......................................................................................................... 52 5.1.7 Queries: ............................................................................................................................... 52 5.2 Switchboard: ............................................................................................................................... 54 5.2.1 Switchboard codes: ............................................................................................................. 55 5.3 Testing Approach ........................................................................................................................ 59 5.4 Modifications and Improvements:.............................................................................................. 61 6. Results and Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 62 6.1 Test Reports: ............................................................................................................................... 62 6.2 User Documentation: .................................................................................................................. 63 7. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 73 7.1 Limitations of the System: .......................................................................................................... 73 7.2 Future Scope of the Project ........................................................................................................ 74 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ 75 APPENDIX .................................................................................................................................................... 76
GLOSSARY Term
Definition
Data handling
the process of ensuring that research data is stored, archived or disposed in a safe and secure manner during and after the conclusion of a research project. This includes the development of policies and procedures to manage data handled electronically as well as through non-electronic means
Front desk
(receptionist) an employee that performs the duties of receiving guests (booking), visitors, and answer phone calls.
QuickBooks
is a line of business accounting software developed and marketed by Intuit.
Penthouse
is the apartment or room located at the top floor of a building usually expensive for very high executive.
Switchboard
is tool kit used by programmers which allows program with the help of MS Office-embedded Visual Basic (VB) tools to create a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to include command buttons to drive the SAS session.
ABBREVIATIONS The following project-specific and general technical abbreviations are used:
AIX
Advanced Interactive eXecutive
CUI
Character User Interface
FD
Functional Dependency
GUI
Graphical User Interface
HACMP
High Availability Cluster Multiprocessing i
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HR
Human Resource
IBM
International Business Machine Corporation
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
ICT
Information and Communication Technology
ISO
International Organization for Standards
MS
Microsoft
MSXML
Microsoft eXtensible Markup Language
ODBS
Open Database Connectivity
OLTP
On-Line Transaction Processing
OS
Operating System
PC
Personal Computer
RAC
Real Application Clusters
RDMS
(RDBMS) Rational Database Management System
SAS
Statistical Analysis System
SDLC
Software Development Life Circle
SOE
Standard Operating Environment
SP3
Service Pack (version 3)
SQL
Structural Query Language
TPC-C
Transaction Processing Performance Council
T-SQL
Transact- Structural Query Language
VBA
(VB)Visual Basic Application
VSC
Vision Control System
XP
eXPerience
1. Introduction This project provided a stimulus recipe of an investigative summary researching the productivity afforded by employing the use of technology in helping make the most out of our day to day situations. I goes further to dissect the SDLC in putting a solution to the problem found with the intended to alleviating the fear relating to cost that incur trying to take this worthy venture. The rest of the chapters will elaborate more details findings and methods taken to resolve the problem found.
1.1 Background This project document was done for The Cape Hotel after a feasibility done amongst 6 hotels with the urge to use ICT a productivity tool. A number of these hotel shares, interesting, similar fate for the fear of welcoming a system to improve the accuracy of decision made as a result of proper data storage and date manipulation. One would deduce the fear being budgetary constraints, human resource drawback, amongst other. In view of these facts, a turn-about phase after noticing some of the mentioned negative perception on what ICT has to offer these hotels, a system that incorporates very low and medium income generators (hotels) was focused upon.
1.2 Objectives This guide seeks to create a database management system which will ease the burden on the management of The Cape Hotel in making hotel reservations, maintaining guests’ records, check rooms availability per dates, and bill customers as per afforded services in a timely fashion, and gradually wipe-out a manual excel spreadsheet ‘insert, merge and highlight’ reservation system. The project will also work out the modality regarding the cost efficiency factor to drive more hotel management see the need and the greater advantages there are in welcoming technology play a key part in handling all of their today’s information from scratch to finish. 1
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1.3 Purpose, Scope, and Applicability 1.3.1 Purpose This paper serves to provide a model for the developing and implementation a userfriendly (GUI) and easy to use, without much provision of support, RDMS system for a small and medium hotel managements to meet its overall hotel management needs.
1.3.2 Scope This paper might find itself useful by following the sequence of procedures which are applicable in the modeling of other similar RDBMS systems (to suite users’ need) for the purpose of data handling. It ceases functionality when considering enormous work circle of integrated heterogeneous hotel systems.
1.3.3 Applicability This paper implementation, that which is the outcome, would be used at the front-desk, other serves terminals and for administrative use at Cape Hotel, and is also applicable to other similar small and medium size hotel facilities. Further development of this project is opened to more research for improvements for scalable entities.
1.4 Achievements A significant achievement has been gained as a result of a fully on-hands participation and implementation of this project. More notable the importance of the SDLC played a strategic role in road mapping difficulties to a more manageable piece of achievability. The strain and stressed faced by programmers and the limitation of time factor which impedes high efficiency of application was understood, and the question to why technological ‘problems’ would not cease to exists was answered by the need for further improvement (updates and patches). 2
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The project in itself is a hallmark which encourages deterred low income hotel system would embrace a more meaningful data system tool for collation, analysis, and decision based productivity. The financial constraint factor has been eradicated to a far and better more agreeable level of a success story.
1.5 Organization of Report This project provided a stimulus recipe of an investigative summary researching the productivity afforded by employing the use of technology in helping make the most out of our day to day situations. I goes further to dissect the SDLC in putting a solution to the problem found with the intended to alleviating the fear relating to cost that incur trying to take this worthy venture. The rest of the chapters will elaborate more details findings and methods taken to resolve the problem found.
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2. Survey of Technologies It is increasingly vertiginous to database application developers when it comes to developing and implementing database applications as there are numbers of platforms, languages, frameworks and other technicalities (as may be specified by user) to choose from. Many database developers might find it tedious making a selection as per their own needs or needs of client when putting many factors into play. Here are some database platforms and their developers:
MS Access MS SQL Oracle Informix Sybase TeraData DB2 MySQL PostGreSQL
Microsoft Corporation ISO/IME Oracle Corporation IBM Berkeley, California IBM MySQL AB (subsidiary of Oracle Corporation) PostgreSQL Global Development Group
Basically, the choice of database developers should be prone to questions like: who is the user, what is the size of data (or organization) to be stored and, what kind of business activities in line with available requirements, reliability, stability, maintenance issues, which OS platform would the application be running on, how much is budgeted by the user for such initiative, whether the need for an increase in the scope of the system will emerge soon, and many others. When only looking at inputting of data for information purpose, reference information, or an alternative backup for data storage instead of saving such information in a file format, then a selection of any of the above mention RDBMS platform (with distributive system support) would do just good if considerations are not given to issues that concerns latency, slowness of I/O, locking/blocking, and so on. However, when the need arises for a database to play a more critical role (OLTP) in a business-critical system, and the need to incorporate features such as no-down-time, high availability, clustering, reliability, point-in-time recovery, scalability (for both performance and data volume), replication for disaster recovery and reporting purposes, 4
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with extreme high speed and low latency (HPC), then such case will probably need an RDBMS with enterprise solution features, which will incur high cost. Table 1:
Database platform comparison HA Clustering Features
High performance/low latency/In memory DB
MS SQL
Cluster provides HA failover but no load balancing
Oracle
RAC is the best for HA clustering and load balancing and scalability
provides TimesTen inmemory database
ASE 15 Cluster achieves the same thing as Oracle RAC
provides ASE in memory database
Informix Sybase
TeraData DB2
MS Access MySQL
is a networked/distributed DB platform since birth works very well with IBM’s pSeries/Power server running AIX HACMP(High Availability Cluster Multiprocessing), and Veritas VCS/Sun Cluster (see table 2) Cluster claimed higher TPC-C performance benchmarks than Oracle RAC
cluster uses an in-memory storage engine
PostGreSQL SQLite or eXtremeDB
5
Scalability/ Performance
Replication
since it only supports Active/Passive mode (instance wise), there is no scalability at the instance level. There has to replacement of the whole cluster (or pair by pair), if the existing hardware has been throttled if the existing hardware cannot keep up with the performance requirement, A simple adding of a beefier box to the cluster and gradually replace all other nodes, which protect our existing investment better.
has log shipping and database mirroring for warm/standby DB solutions (active/passive, r/w and read-only), and it supports transactional replication with the granularity at the article/object level (per table) One of the best ways for database cloning and one of the best DR solutions (using RMAN)
Sybase has the best replication solution, which out performs Oracle's Data guard
cluster also supports adding nodes to the cluster with all nodes being active, but it is a share nothing cluster. More nodes mean more copies of databases, more storage and more network traffic for data replication among all nodes in the cluster.
provides shared nothing cluster, which basically is synchronous replication among all active nodes. And its asynchronous replication also supports at the transaction and object level
Chrichtian A. Neal Table 2: Microsoft Access analysis Access
Advantage
Disadvantage
Concurrent Users
Access was designed to operate on a network. Microsoft says that the latest version will support 255 concurrent users, however in practice it is recommended a comfortable limit of 15 to 20 simultaneous users.
it is a more practical choice to select Access when the database will be used by only 15 to 20 simultaneous users. If more than 20 users try to gain access to the database, performance and response time may begin to suffer
Multiple Windows Operating Systems Novice User – Design and Development
One can use Microsoft Access for Rapid Application Development thus keeping costs down. Its object oriented model means it can build attractive, functional and easy to use applications in double-quick time.
Sensitive Data Needs/Security
Internet
Access (2000 and later version) has close web links so online data access is made easier. With a shift towards e-commerce, Access’s web integration could prove very useful, if not now, then sometime in the near future.
OS
Access Database has that familiar Windows ‘look and feel’. MS Access is one of the best-selling desktop databases of all time. As such the future support is ensured, and with Microsoft’s backing it should be around for some time. The key advantage of Access Database is it comes packaged with Microsoft Office Professional - already be part of the SOE. Flexibility is the key with Access. Knowing that not everyone is skilled at making databases, Microsoft created basic templates that a user can go and use immediately. However, a database can be built from scratch or the templates can be tweaked as needed to fit needs. Rather than inputting each record every time a project is started, Access holds thousands of records for revisit whenever needed, making it a time-saver, too. This is great because not only is the information there, but it can be used alongside other Microsoft programs such as Word. Simply create a mail merge with thousands of letters and join it together with the Access database. All contacts will be pulled from Access and dumped into each letter separately. Interaction between MS Outlook is possible too: Import contacts from MS Outlook contact book into Access or export contact information in Access and save it as a contact in Outlook. Access has an upgrade path. So, if performance starts to suffer from an ever increasing number of users or records, it can be upsized to SQL Server.
Cost
Benefits
Scalability
6
Whenever various Windows operating systems like Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows Vista are used to access the same database, the database may experience corruption issues. It is recommended that all Access users are operating with the identical operating system. A new user to software development may find that they are a bit overwhelmed when using MS Access. In order to maximize the potential of Access, a thorough understanding of relational database design along with VBA coding is highly recommended. As with any software development tool, the ease of screen use, database performance, automation of data input, and report quality relies on the skill level and experience of the developer If sensitive data needs are required like storing health and medical records, financial information, academic records or employment data, for example, it will require more extensive database security than Access can offer Microsoft Access does have a few limitations. Access was not designed to be used with applications that are web based since its forms and reports are only functional in a Windows environment and are not compatible with an internet browser like Internet Explorer. The Access Jet database that is used by Microsoft Access is a file based system and does not contain the server features that are available in SQL Server, Oracle or other ODBC compliant databases. Access databases are more suited for web based solutions when the number of users is small or when the users are just viewing data rather than editing or deleting Unfortunately, Microsoft Access is not designed to operate on Apple Macintosh computers. Since Access is commonly used in many businesses that use PC’s, Microsoft does not have any future plans to expand the database to be functional on a Mac
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Based on the survey conducted and the options provided by available platforms to undertake this project, the first pick was a backend SQL database running multiple TSQL statements with a user-friendly frontend VB, but with constraint of time and compelling handiness as much as possible with not much disfavor to those necessary inputs as provided by the need of the client (The Cape Hotel), MS Access was deemed suitable for the implementation of the project.
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3. Requirements and Analysis 3.1 Problem Definition: The Cape hotel has two systems for storing and gathering information upon reservation and other requests. Due to ambiguity and cumbersomeness of their systems in use, they desire a more robust system to alleviate the complexity of working with a manual and half electronic automated system for the production of desirable results. The system will store details about guest, make booking of available rooms, price calculation and make billing report.
3.2 System Analysis: A meeting with the HR manager (Victor Whitfield) of the Cape Hotel to find out the inner working of his system was scheduled. To get more information about his current systems and procedures, questions asked where: Question: What system do you use for managing your hotel regarding room reservation and billing and the related? Victor: We have an Excel spreadsheet with all the booking. We print it and manually shade with a highlighter to book room/dates and monitor. Question: So, there isn’t an automated system for doing what you’ve just explained? Victor: We do have the Omega system but we don’t use it for that purpose. We use it for acquiring bills from the other terminals for grand totaling. Question: Why are you not using a system you’ve purchased to do the work in a more simplified manner? Victor: I meet the system here, and no one actually said anything about how efficiently the system must be handled. I was told that only the billing aspect of the software was in use before my incumbency. Question: How are booking done? Victor: We most times get booking by emails, and at times phone calls. As per the date in question for booking, the booking chart printed from the Excel spread sheet is checked, 8
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and based on the information available we inform guests on available types of rooms, pricing, and if not, then the future available dates of vacant rooms. Question: How are booking cancellation done? Victor: The merged Excel cells are unmerged upon cancellation, and the already printed sheets are remerged with white-off. Question: It seems a bit of a headache but considering what you’ve just explained, have you ever experienced a time where complications or humanly errors with booking or cancelation occured? Victor: Very often. At times if cancellation is done on the spreadsheet by the receptionist and not followed up to be changed in the excel sheet. We do over-book or misinform guest with no vacant rooms. The most difficult task is tracing dates of all future available rooms. Question: How do you create invoices or bills for guests? Victor: We tabulate all bills from other service points, sum from excel spreadsheet total days, and use our QuickBooks system to print out invoices. Question: As the HR manager, what is your own level of proficiency with computers and peripherals and that of other staff at front-desk and terminals? Victor: I am an advanced computer user, and the rest of the front-desk staff are all computer basics for the minimal. Question: What are the computer devices and accessories you have here? Victor: As you can see, this office has two desktop PCs (HR and Finance Managers) and these HP printers are inter-networked between my computer and the finance manager. The front-desk has a desktop PC and a printer. And the restaurant has a desktop PC for entering data via the Omega. Question: What operating systems are you using on your computer? Victor: We have Windows XP on our computers. Question: What do you have in your budget for the new system to be implemented, if I should want to know? Victor: I can’t say much but I can assure you that we run under a $5,000.00USD budget for sort of improvement until we can move in new building in June.
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Question: So, you’ll be moving in a new building by June. How long will the process of moving out take? Victor: Two weeks definite.
3.2.1 Cape Hotel system at the moment runs as follows: -
Reservations are done via email or phone call to the front-desk and the details are entered either into a manual chart and later updated into the excel spreadsheet.
-
Cancellations are made by whiting out the colored-merged cell and unmerging merged cell in the spreadsheet.
-
Room preparation instructions for the room to be made ready daily are hand written with the information gained from the chart.
-
Customer bills are calculated from multiple sources.
3.2.2 Problems faced with system at Cape Hotel -
Searching for available rooms can be time consuming.
-
Rooms could be booked twice.
-
Issuing of the days instruction is prone to mistake (eg: room cleaning).
-
Changes are hand correct and follow up to be updated which is also prone to mistake by forgetfulness.
-
Calculating costs is also prone to error.
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3.3 Planning and Scheduling
Table 3: Simulated Gnatt chart ID
Task
Procedures
Duration
1
Begin project
2
Survey 1 - 6
3days
3
Phase1 –Forms dev.
2days
4
Phase2 –Table creation
4days
5
Phase3 –Coding/link entities
8days
6
Phase4 –Creating validation
2days
7
Phase5 –integrating forms
1day
8
Phase6 –Testing validation
6days
9
Phase7 –Debugging errors
14days
10
Phase8 –Creating queries
3days
11
Phase9- Testing validation
6days
12
Phase10-Modifying queries
2days
13
Phase11-Debug SQL statements
5days
14
Phase12-Creating Report design
1day
15
Phase13-coding (SQL & VB)
8days
16
Phase14-overall integration
5days
17
Phase15-overall debugging
4days
18
Phase16-modification (CUI/GUI)
1day
19
Phase17 Integrated Testing
5days
20
Phase18: Modification to suite spec
4days
21
Phase19: Testing and debugging
5days
22
Finish: implementation
11
wk1
wk2
wk3
wk4
wk5
Wk6
Wk7
Wk8
Wk9
Wk10
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3.4 Software and Hardware Requirements: Hardware Requirement: (minimum)
3.4.1 Computer
500 MHz processor or more 512 MB RAM Drive CD-ROM or DVD drive 300 MB of available hard-disk space. Display 1024x576 or higher resolution monitor Graphics hardware acceleration requires a DirectX 9.0c graphics card with 64 MB or more video memory.
3.4.2 Printer
Any Deskjet or LaserJet printer would do (the HP LJ1008 already in place would work perfectly)
3.4.3 Software Requirement:
Microsoft Windows XP SP3 (32bits) Microsoft Access 2003/2007/2010 Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 MSXML 6.0 Antivirus software
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3.5 Preliminary Product Description The new hotel reservation system should be able to meet the following requirements:
keep the records of the guests and the room booked to them the system should be able to ease the cancellation of bookings made earlier guest should be able to know the availability of the rooms on a particular date. the record of food and services availed to the customer should be kept. the system should be able to generate the bill for a customer who wants to checkout.
3.5.1 End users requirement
reduction in paperwork and other resources needed production of reports and lists easy to use faster means of booking and cancellation store records on all customer orderly for easy access produce accurate bills single clicking in system rather than double clicking
This MS Access hotel database management system would require user with a minimum knowledge of computer basic in Microsoft Office Suite. Front-desk, restaurant, and business (accounts) offices are the three (3) interactive users of the system. User will decrypt database upon program startup and then be able to make data entry, information inquiry or report printing. The entire system is menu driven and provides easy-to-use functionality.
3.5.2 Hotel information
Guests are billed by per person on pay-per night basis (24 hours) There are 5 types of rooms available and 2 conference rooms. The hotel has two sections with 3 floors including penthouse suites. All rooms have a safe box for valuables, phone line, TV, but Internet access, satellite TV, game console, and Crib (available in family suites only) has to been requested due to additional cost. 75 rooms in total : 13
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1 penthouse suite (room #200) 7 junior suites (room #191 - #197) 10 double suites (room #170 - #180) 15 family suite (room #151 - #165) 42 single suites (room #101 - #142) 2 conference rooms (room #11 & #22)
Rooms
Table 4: Pricing chart:
Conference
Service staff
Single Family Double Junior Penthouse
$150.00 $350.00 $300.00 $275.00 $700.00
Executive Junior
$50.00/hr $30.00/hr
Meal options Breakfast Full meal
$15.00 $30.00
Other options Satellite TV Gaming console Internet Crib
$10.00/night $7.00/night $5.00/night $10.00/night
$10.00/hr
NOTE: The currency is restricted to the United States Dollars (as used in Liberia for business transactions)
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3.6 Conceptual Models:
The system with act a mediatory role between guest request and front-desk (receptionist) in the process of providing rational information based on stored data. Guests will be afforded provision to make booking(s) and based on availability of request they will also be able to make booking, and on a later date due to reasons best known to guest also be able to request cancellation of booking make.
The front-desk is left with the rest of the task, to query for information to make wise decision based on the request of guest. Booking will be done if provisions are met. Cancellation will be made if guest finds it unnecessary to buy the services, and checkingin of new guest and checking-out of guest after expiration of stay will be done by the front-desk. The internal process provides booking, check-in, and check-out information to front-desk based on guests’ request or inquiry.
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3.6.1 System flowchart:
Figure 1: ER diagrams
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4. System Design 4.1 Data Design 4.1.1 Integrity and Constraints The system is going to be menu driven will backend data into a database inform of tables. See table below: Table 5: Data Dictionary Field Name
Data type
CustomerName Address PostCode TelephoneNo BookingID Arrival Checkout RoomNo PricePerNight RoomType Crib SatelliteTV GamesConsole InternetAccess Breakfast FullMeals PaymentMethod CreditcardNo CreditCardExpdate
Text Text Text Text AutoNumber Date/Time Date/Time Number Currency Drop Down menu Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Drop Down menu Test Date/Time
These are attributes identified for the implementation of the system table structure, but first we will have to normalize this structure for efficiency and redundant alleviation; yet setting a defined relationship with normalized entities. Field Name
Data type
CustomerName Address PostCode TelephoneNo
Text Text Text Text
Customer Table
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BookingID Arrival Checkout RoomType CribRequired SatelliteTV GamesConsole InternetAccess Breakfast FullMeals
AutoNumber Date/Time Date/Time Drop Down menu Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No
PaymentMethodID AutoNumber PaymentMethod Drop Down menu
Booking Table
Payment Method Table
CreditcardNo Test CreditCardExpdate Date/Time
CreditCard Table
RoomNumber RoomType PricePerNight
Room Table
Number Text Currency
4.1.2 Normalization of entities Additional attributes were derived to make the tables more meaningful which includes the smallest of its attributes, for example the address attribute is broken down in address line 1, address line 2, and Town.
Table 6: Customer Field Name CustomerID FirstName Lastname AddressLine1 AddressLine2 Town PostCode Telephone CreditCardNumber PaymentMethod
Data Type Auto Number Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Number Text
Field Size/Key Primary Key 50 50 50 50 50 [input mask] (10) [input mask] (10) Foreign Key 50
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Table 7: Booking Field Name BookingID Arrival Checkout CustomerID RoomNumber CribRequired(nights) SatelliteTVRequired (nights) GamesConsoleRequired(nights) InternetRequired(nights) HoursRequire StaffRequired BreakfastRequired FullMealsRequired PaymentMethod
Data Type Auto Number Date/Time (short date) Date/Time (short date) Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Text
Field Size/Key Primary Key NA NA Foreign Key Foreign Key NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Foreign Key
Table 8: Credit card Field Name CreditCardNumber ExpiryDate CardHolderName
Data Type Text Text Text
Field Size/Key Primary Key (25) Short date (6) 50
Table 9: Rooms Field Name RoomNumber RoomType
Data Type Number Text [combo box]
PricePerNight CribAvailible SatelliteAvailible GamesConsoleAvailible InternetAvailible
Currency Yes/No [check Yes/No [check Yes/No [check Yes/No [check
box] box] box] box]
Field Size/Key Primary Key ["Single";"Double";"Junior";"Family";"Pen thouse";"Conference" NA NA NA NA NA
Table 10: Payment Method Field Name PaymentMethodID PaymentMethod
Data Type Auto Number Text [List box]
Field Size/Key Primary Key (25) NA
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Chrichtian A. Neal Table 11: Validation Table Booking
Field Name Arrival
Validation rule Not Between #01/06/12# And #15/06/12# *
Validation text “Hotel is close until relocation is over”
* The HR manager did talk about the hotel closure for relocation the first 2 weeks in June 2012
Table 12: Input (using input masks) Table Customer
Field Name PostCode
Validation rule >LL00\ 0LL;;_
Place holder _
Customer
Telephone
\(9999)”999999;;_
_
Table 13: Queries Table
Criteria
Fields & table to include
Rooms Reserved
PARAMETERS [Please enter arrival date] DateTime, [Please enter checkout date] DateTime;
Booking
Checks room availability (uses Rooms Reserved Query
Rooms Available and Room type Invoice details for a report
SELECT Booking.Room, Booking.Arrival, Booking.Checkout FROM Booking WHERE ((Booking.Arrival) Between [Please enter arrival date] And [Please enter checkout date]-1)) Or ((([Checkout]-1) Between [Please enter arrival date] And [Please enter checkout date])) Or ((Booking.Arrival)<[Please enter arrival date]) And (([Checkout]-1)>[Please enter checkout date]-1)); SELECT Rooms.RoomNum FROM Rooms LEFT JOIN [Rooms Reserved] ON Rooms.RoomNum=[Rooms Reserved].Room WHERE ((([Rooms Reserved].Room) Is Null)); None (combines Rooms Available query and Rooms table of Staff, Breakfast, Set Meals, Arrival, Checkout
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Reports produced No
Rooms table & Rooms Reserved query
No
Rooms table and Rooms Available Booking, Rooms Credit Card Number, FirstName, Surname, Address line 1, Address line 2, Town, Postcode, Telephone Number, Booking ID,
No Yes
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Which rooms need cleaning or preparing for new guest Which rooms need cleaning for guest departure Daily Room Clean
Arrival=Date()
Rooms Query (shows the features available in the room
RoomNum [Enter Room Number]
Customer Number, Room Num, PricePerNight, Crib, Satellite TV, Games console and game hire, Internet Access, , Number of hours needed, Number Bookings, Rooms Room type, Arrival, RoomNum
Checkout=Date()
Yes
Bookings, Rooms, Room type, checkout, Room Num
Yes
Bookings, Rooms RoomNum, Room Type, Arrival, Checkout Rooms RoomNum,Type,Intenret,Cot, meals, Breakfasts, games console, satalite
Yes
4.1.3 Entity Relationship Diagram (ER Diagram)
Booking
Customer
BookingID Arrival Checkout CustomerID RoomNumber CribRequired SatelliteRequired GamesRequired InternetRequired HoursRequired ServiceStaffRequired FullMeals Breakfast PaymentMethod
CustomerID FirstName SurName AddressLine1 AddressLine2 Town PostCode Telephone CreditCardNumber PaymentMethodID
CreditCard
Rooms
CreditCardNumber Expiry Date CardHolderName
PaymentMethod PaymentMethodID PaymentMethod
RoomNumber RoomType PricePerNight CribAvailable SataliteTVAvailable GamesAvailalable InternetAvaliable
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Legend Primary Key Foreign Key
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4.1.4 Functional Dependencies The Entity Relationship diagram above depicts the following: 1. that In all tables attribute values are atomic, each with their own primary key necessarily making it into first normal form(1NF) 2. all tables have no partial dependency and in that a relationship was created between tables employing foreign keys to put them in the second normal form (2NF), yet with a transitive dependency amongst the Customer, Booking, and Payment Method tables. 3. There is a transitive dependency between PaymentMethod and booking tabled , so they are NOT in 3NF. 4. All tables are also in BCNF because all FDs contain only primary key (which is of course superkey) corresponding to their respective relation.
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4.2 Basic Modules:
4.2.1 Form prototype Database structure main menu
Hotel Logo Check room availability
Add new customer record
Add credit card information
Reports: -daily cleaning -rooms for cleaning -invoices, etc Booking/ reservation
Booking Form
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Exit button
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4.2.1.1 Startup main menu
Hotel Logo
Command buttons
Check Room Availability
View/ Add Customer Records
Labels
View/ Add Credit Card Records View/ Add Booking
Exit
Reports
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4.2.1.2 Check Room Availability Form Room Availability For caption/ title bar List box (From the rooms and room type query – displays the rooms and types/ according to date entered in query)
System scrollbar
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4.2.1.3 View/ Add Customer Record Form Customer Details
First Name
ID:
Last Name
To Add a new customer, click 'Add Customer' Button. To delete a customer, press the button with the rubbish bin on. To Navigate the Customer Records, use the arrows to cycle through.
Address Line 1 Address Line 2 Town/City Postcode
Instructions (label) – visible on screen
Telephone Payment Method Credit Card Type
Add Customer
Delete button (Deletes current customer record)
Go to Booking
Navigation buttons (to flip between records) Creates new Booking (add new record)
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Combo box (shows credit card numbers)using lookup wizard
Combo box (shows payment method : “Cash” or “Credit card”). It also enables the credit card combo button if payment method = “creditcard”
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4.2.1.4 View/ Add Credit Card Record Form Credit Card Entry Form Card Number
To Add a new Credit Card, click 'Add Credit Card' Button. To delete a Credit Card, press the button with the rubbish bin on. To Navigate the Credit Cards, use the arrows to cycle through.
Expiry Date Card Holders Name
Add new credit card record button
Add Credit card
Onscreen instructions
Navigation bottom
Delete current record
4.2.1.5 View/ Add Booking Form Booking Form
Arrival
mm/dd/yyyy
Checkout
mm/dd/yyyy
Room Customer ID
Room Availability
101 24
No. of NightsCrib Required
0
No. of Satellite Required
0
No. of Game Required
0
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Features Available in Rooms
To Create a new Booking, click on the 'New Booking' Button below. To Delete the current Booking, click the rubbish bin button. To navigate the bookings, click the arrows to cycle through the bookings
Command button to run Room availability form
Instructions (label) – visible on screen
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Notes on Booking form: 1. Room: Drop down combo box (Lookup wizard) showing the Room Number, Room type and Price Per Night (from the Rooms table). 2. Customer ID: Drop down or combo box (Lookup wizard) showing the Customer ID, First Name, Last Name and Postcode (from the Customer table). This enables the user to easily see which customer they are using. (the other details are hidden once the Customer number is selected). 3. Payment Method: Drop down combo box (Lookup wizard) allows the payment type “Cash” or “CreditCard” to be entered in the payment method table.
Additional notes (for the rest of the forms):
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Most of the data entries fields have help text (controlTip Text), so that when the user hovers the pointer over an icon/button, a brief description is displayed as tip.
4.2.1.6 Invoice Design
Table 14: Query to get the Report Query Description Invoice
Criteria
Fields & table to include
RoomNumber = [Enter Room Number]
SELECT Booking.Arrival, Booking.Checkout, Rooms.RoomNum, Rooms.RoomType, Rooms.PricePerNight, Booking!CheckoutBooking!Arrival AS NoOfNights, [NoOfNights]*Rooms!PricePerNight AS AccomodationCost,Booking![SataliteRequired(ni ghts)]*10 AS SatelliteTV, Booking![GamesRequired(nights)]*7 AS GamesConsole, Booking![InternetRequired(nights)]*5 AS Internet, Booking![CribRequired(nights)]*10 AS Crib, Booking!FullMeals*30 AS FullMeal, Booking!Breakfast*15 AS Breakfast, [AccomodationCost]+[SatelliteTV]+[GamesConsol e]+[Internet]+[Crib]+[FullMeal]+[Breakfast]*0 .07 AS TotalVAT FROM Rooms INNER JOIN Booking ON Rooms.RoomNum = Booking.Room WHERE (((Booking.Checkout)=Date()) AND ((Rooms.RoomNum)=[Enter Room Number]));
Checkout = date()
4.2.1.7 Design of the report form
Customer Invoice Hotel Logo Arrival: mm/dd/yyyy
Checkout: mm/dd/yyyy
Room: Room No : xx Room Price /night : xx No. of nights stayed : xx
Room Type: xxxx
Accommodation cost: xx Services upon request: Satellite TV : xxxx GameConsole: xxxx
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Reports produced Yes
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4.2.1.8 Queries Reports Query
Layout
Daily Room Cleaning Rooms to Prepare for Guests arriving Rooms to Prepare for Guests leaving
Columnar (sorted ascended by room date) Columnar (sorted ascended by room date) Columnar (sorted ascended by room date)
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4.3 User Interface Design: The design provides use a group of buttons driven by event handlers to ease transactions within the system. The database is mapped to the desktop of the user(s) computer. It requires a user’s name and password (as provided by the database administrator – which can be created in the ‘Users and permission’ tab of MS Access) to decrypt the database for interaction.
User name and password authentication window
When user name and password is authenticated, and second screen requesting database password with prompt user:
Upon authentication with then the main menu is displayed. See on next page:
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4.3.1 Main menu
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Quit button: Exit with saving
Command buttons: linking different forms
4.3.1.1 Room availability form
The criteria set for the provision of this form would require the arrival and checkout dates of guest to determine consistency in avoiding over-booking. Parameter prompt input boxes:
Arrival date
checkout date
Certifying the input criteria above would render the available rooms as shown below:
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The rooms displayed is based on the dates Input as in this case 12/03/12 and 13/04/12)
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4.3.1.2 Customer form Customer ID number
Onscreen instructions
Shortcut button back to Booking form
Delete existing record button
Navigate between records buttons
Add new record button
4.3.1.3 CreditCard form
Onscreen instructions
Add new credit card detail button
Deleted credit card button
Booking form
Navigate button to view existing details
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Command button to check availability of rooms (see Room availability form)
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Combo box to select payment method: ‘Cash’ or ‘Creditcard’
Command button resets displayed details to allow new input data. It store new input when clicked
Command button to delete already stored data in database relating to booking. Let’s call it cancelation
4.3.1.4 Features available in room table
User is prompted to input room in question to proving a list of available features. Feature could also be added from same table upon request. Room 170 available features:
Room 170 was validated for query
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4.3.1.5 Report forms
Command button for various forms
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4.3.2 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
Live samples:
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Total cost for nights stayed
Breakdown cost for other services
Total (accommodation + services)
7% GST total
Grand total
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Room type and number
Guest check out date
Guest check in date
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Room type
Date of arrival
Room number
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4.4 Security Issues: 4.4.1 User Identification This project runs very minimal on high-level security provision based on the scope of operation of the client and its operational size. The database is password encrypted and decryption is done when a valid password is entered.
4.4.2 Network Access Same password policy applies to network used except the source database is shared with the attribute ‘$’ making it invincible to network user. The database source is subsequently mapped to specific users’ desktops.
4.4.3 Recovery An automatic backup will be schedule for a daily differential backup to an external hard disk or network disk.
4.4.4 Malware and Intrusion A recommendation for a robust antivirus and spyware application will be deployed. Example Kaspresky 2011, and or Microsoft Security Essential.
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5. Implementation and Testing Due to the highly unstructured nature of the project, it was indeed difficult to run smoothly with the implementation phase. The debugging and test of codes which practically took most of the time estimated ran ‘top-down’.
5.1 Coding: Here included are queries (SQL statement) and coding (VB) implementing workability in the database:
5.1.1 Forms: Form_Booking Option Compare Database Private Sub Command22_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command22_Click 'declaring modular variables Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String 'wizard decleared: button that opens a Rooms Available form stDocName = "Rooms Available" DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Exit_Command22_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command22_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command22_Click End Sub Private Sub Command26_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command26_Click Dim stDocName As String
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DoCmd.GoToRecord , , acPrevious Exit_Command34_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command34_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command34_Click End Sub Private Sub Command45_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command45_Click Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String stDocName = "Menu" DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Exit_Command45_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command45_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command45_Click End Sub Private Sub Command52_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command52_Click 'to reset all inputs on the form Dim ctlC As Control For Each ctlC In Me.Controls If ctlC.ControlType = acTextBox _ Or ctlC.ControlType = acComboBox Then ctlC = Null Next ctlC DoCmd.RunCommand acCmdRefresh Exit_Command52_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command52_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command52_Click End Sub
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5.1.2 Form_CreditCard Private Sub Command7_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command7_Click DoCmd.GoToRecord , , acNewRec Exit_Command7_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command7_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command7_Click End Sub Private Sub Command8_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command8_Click DoCmd.GoToRecord , , acNewRec Exit_Command8_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command8_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command8_Click End Sub Private Sub Command9_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command9_Click DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acEditMenu, 8, , acMenuVer70 DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acEditMenu, 6, , acMenuVer70 Exit_Command9_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command9_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command9_Click End Sub Private Sub Command10_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command10_Click DoCmd.GoToRecord , , acPrevious Exit_Command10_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command10_Click: MsgBox Err.Description
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Chrichtian A. Neal Resume Exit_Command10_Click End Sub Private Sub Command11_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command11_Click DoCmd.GoToRecord , , acNext Exit_Command11_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command11_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command11_Click End Sub
5.1.3 Form_Customer Private Sub AddressLine2_BeforeUpdate(Cancel As Integer) End Sub Private Sub Combo29_BeforeUpdate(Cancel As Integer) 'to enable and disable payment method combo method If Combo29.Value = "Cash" Then Combo24.Enabled = False Else: Combo24.Enabled = True End If End Sub
5.1.4 Form_Menu Private Sub Command1_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command1_Click Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String stDocName = "Rooms Availabe" DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Exit_Command1_Click:
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Chrichtian A. Neal Exit Sub Err_Command1_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command1_Click End Sub Private Sub Command5_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command5_Click Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String stDocName = "Customer" DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Exit_Command5_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command5_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command5_Click End Sub Private Sub Command7_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command7_Click Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String stDocName = "CreditCard" DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Exit_Command7_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command7_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command7_Click End Sub Private Sub Command11_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command11_Click DoCmd.Quit Exit_Command11_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command11_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command11_Click End Sub Private Sub Command13_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command13_Click
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Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String stDocName = "Reports" DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Exit_Command13_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command13_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command13_Click End Sub Private Sub Command14_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command14_Click Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String stDocName = "Booking" DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Exit_Command14_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command14_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command14_Click End Sub
5.1.5 Form_Report Private Sub Command0_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command0_Click Dim stDocName As String stDocName = "Daily Room Cleaning" DoCmd.OpenReport stDocName, acPreview Exit_Command0_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command0_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command0_Click End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click()
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Chrichtian A. Neal On Error GoTo Err_Command2_Click Dim stDocName As String stDocName = "Rooms to Prepear for guests arriving" DoCmd.OpenReport stDocName, acPreview Exit_Command2_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command2_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command2_Click End Sub Private Sub Command4_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command4_Click Dim stDocName As String stDocName = "Rooms to Prepear for guests leaving" DoCmd.OpenReport stDocName, acPreview Exit_Command4_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command4_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command4_Click End Sub Private Sub Command6_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command6_Click Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String stDocName = "Menu" DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Exit_Command6_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command6_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command6_Click End Sub Private Sub Command6_Exit(Cancel As Integer) End Sub Private Sub Command9_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command9_Click Dim stDocName As String
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stDocName = "Invoice" DoCmd.OpenReport stDocName, acPreview Exit_Command9_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command9_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command9_Click End Sub
5.1.6 Form_Room Available Private Sub Command3_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Command3_Click DoCmd.Close Exit_Command3_Click: Exit Sub Err_Command3_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Command3_Click End Sub
5.1.7 Queries: Query
Creteria
Booking
Daily room cleaning
Date()
SQL Code SELECT Booking.[Booking ID], Booking.Arrival, Booking.Checkout, Booking.RoomNum, Booking.CustomerID, Booking.[CribRequired(nights)], Booking.[SataliteRequired(nights)], Booking.[GamesRequired(nights)], Booking.[InternetRequired(nights)], Booking.HoursRequired, Booking.ServiceStaffRequired FROM Booking; SELECT Booking.Arrival, Booking.Checkout, Booking.RoomNum, Rooms.RoomType FROM Rooms INNER JOIN Booking ON Rooms.RoomNum = Booking.[RoomNum] WHERE (((Booking.Arrival)=Date()));
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Date()
Rooms to clean upon guest arrival
Date()
Invoice
Date(),[Enter the Room number]
Room
Is Null
available
Room available and
SELECT Rooms.RoomNum, Rooms.RoomType, Booking.Checkout FROM Rooms INNER JOIN Booking ON Rooms.RoomNum = Booking.[RoomNum] WHERE (((Booking.Checkout)=Date())); SELECT Booking.Arrival, Booking.RoomNum, Rooms.RoomType FROM Rooms INNER JOIN Booking ON Rooms.RoomNum = Booking.[RoomNum] WHERE (((Booking.Arrival)=Date())); SELECT Booking.Arrival, Booking.Checkout, Rooms.RoomNum, Rooms.RoomType, Rooms.PricePerNight, Booking!CheckoutBooking!Arrival AS NoOfNights, [NoOfNights]*Rooms!PricePerNight AS AccomodationCost, Booking![SataliteRequired(nights)]*10 AS SatelliteTV, [Booking]![GamesRequired(nights)]*7 AS GamesConsole, Booking![InternetRequired(nights)]*5 AS Internet, [Booking]![CribRequired(nights)]*10 AS Crib, Booking!FullMeals*30 AS FullMeal, [Booking]![Breakfast]*15 AS Breakfast, [AccomodationCost]+[SatelliteTV]+[GamesConsole]+ [Internet]+[Crib]+[FullMeal]+[Breakfast]*0.07 AS TotalVAT FROM Rooms INNER JOIN Booking ON Rooms.RoomNum = Booking.[RoomNum] WHERE (((Booking.Checkout)=Date()) AND ((Rooms.RoomNum)=[Enter the Room number])); SELECT Rooms.RoomNum FROM Rooms LEFT JOIN [Rooms Reserved] ON Rooms.RoomNum = [Rooms Reserved].[RoomNum] WHERE ((([Rooms Reserved].RoomNum) Is Null)); SELECT [Rooms Available].RoomNum, Rooms.RoomType FROM [Rooms Available] INNER JOIN Rooms ON [Rooms Available].RoomNum=Rooms.RoomNum;
room type Room Query
Rooms reserved
[Enter the Room number]
Between [Please enter arrival date] And [Please enter checkout date]-1, Between [Please enter arrival date] And [Please enter checkout date], <[Please enter arrival date], >[Please enter checkout date]-1
SELECT Rooms.RoomNum, Rooms.RoomType, Rooms.PricePerNight, Rooms.CribAvailable, Rooms.SataliteTVAvailable, Rooms.GamesConsoleAvailable, Rooms.InternetAvailable FROM Rooms WHERE (((Rooms.RoomNum)=[Enter Room Number])); PARAMETERS [Please enter arrival date] DateTime, [Please enter checkout date] DateTime; SELECT Booking.[RoomNum], Booking.Arrival, Booking.Checkout FROM Booking WHERE (((Booking.Arrival) Between [Please enter arrival date] And [Please enter checkout date]1)) Or ((([Checkout]-1) Between [Please enter arrival date] And [Please enter checkout date])) Or (((Booking.Arrival)<[Please enter arrival date]) And (([Checkout]-1)>[Please enter checkout date]-1));
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5.2 Switchboard: This programmer user kit which allows program with the help of MS Office-embedded Visual Basic (VB) tools to create a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to include command buttons to drive the SAS session, connect to project directories, documents, forms, online help, etc. It, in short, reduces work and saves time by allowing flow of information within projects. A basic advantage of using a switchboard in your project is that it groups similar tasks, which will give users a more organized and user-friendly interface. Depending on how much information is needed to present on the switchboard, there are several ways to group the tasks. A switchboard not only provides programmers with handy-tools, and henceforth greatly improving efficiency, reducing workload of employees; but it also provides the projectrelated team with an information delivery kit, thus efficiently monitoring and delivering information amongst the team. For this purpose, a switchboard was implemented in this project:
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5.2.1 Switchboard codes: Private Sub Form_Open(Cancel As Integer) ' Minimize the database window and initialize the form. ' Move to the switchboard page that is marked as the default. Me.Filter = "[ItemNumber] = 0 AND [Argument] = 'Default' " Me.FilterOn = True End Sub Private Sub Form_Current() ' Update the caption and fill in the list of options. Me.Caption = Nz(Me![ItemText], "") FillOptions End Sub Private Sub FillOptions() ' Fill in the options for this switchboard page. ' The number of buttons on the form. Const conNumButtons = 8 Dim Dim Dim Dim
con As Object rs As Object stSql As String intOption As Integer
' Set the focus to the first button on the form, ' and then hide all of the buttons on the form ' but the first. You can't hide the field with the focus. Me![Option1].SetFocus For intOption = 2 To conNumButtons Me("Option" & intOption).Visible = False Me("OptionLabel" & intOption).Visible = False Next intOption ' Open the table of Switchboard Items, and find ' the first item for this Switchboard Page. Set con = Application.CurrentProject.Connection stSql = "SELECT * FROM [Switchboard Items]" stSql = stSql & " WHERE [ItemNumber] > 0 AND [SwitchboardID]=" & Me![SwitchboardID] stSql = stSql & " ORDER BY [ItemNumber];" Set rs = CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset") rs.Open stSql, con, 1 ' 1 = adOpenKeyset ' If there are no options for this Switchboard Page, ' display a message. Otherwise, fill the page with the items. If (rs.EOF) Then Me![OptionLabel1].Caption = "There are no items for this switchboard page" Else
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Chrichtian A. Neal While (Not (rs.EOF)) Me("Option" & rs![ItemNumber]).Visible = True Me("OptionLabel" & rs![ItemNumber]).Visible = True Me("OptionLabel" & rs![ItemNumber]).Caption = rs![ItemText] rs.MoveNext Wend End If ' Close the recordset and the database. rs.Close Set rs = Nothing Set con = Nothing End Sub Private Function HandleButtonClick(intBtn As Integer) ' This function is called when a button is clicked. ' intBtn indicates which button was clicked. ' Constants for the commands that can be executed. Const conCmdGotoSwitchboard = 1 Const conCmdOpenFormAdd = 2 Const conCmdOpenFormBrowse = 3 Const conCmdOpenReport = 4 Const conCmdCustomizeSwitchboard = 5 Const conCmdExitApplication = 6 Const conCmdRunMacro = 7 Const conCmdRunCode = 8 Const conCmdOpenPage = 9 ' An error that is special cased. Const conErrDoCmdCancelled = 2501 Dim con As Object Dim rs As Object Dim stSql As String On Error GoTo HandleButtonClick_Err ' Find the item in the Switchboard Items table ' that corresponds to the button that was clicked. Set con = Application.CurrentProject.Connection Set rs = CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset") stSql = "SELECT * FROM [Switchboard Items] " stSql = stSql & "WHERE [SwitchboardID]=" & Me![SwitchboardID] & " AND [ItemNumber]=" & intBtn rs.Open stSql, con, 1 ' 1 = adOpenKeyset ' If no item matches, report the error and exit the function. If (rs.EOF) Then MsgBox "There was an error reading the Switchboard Items table." rs.Close Set rs = Nothing Set con = Nothing Exit Function End If
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Select Case rs![Command] ' Go to another switchboard. Case conCmdGotoSwitchboard Me.Filter = "[ItemNumber] = 0 AND [SwitchboardID]=" & rs![Argument] ' Open a form in Add mode. Case conCmdOpenFormAdd DoCmd.OpenForm rs![Argument], , , , acAdd ' Open a form. Case conCmdOpenFormBrowse DoCmd.OpenForm rs![Argument] ' Open a report. Case conCmdOpenReport DoCmd.OpenReport rs![Argument], acPreview ' Customize the Switchboard. Case conCmdCustomizeSwitchboard ' Handle the case where the Switchboard Manager ' is not installed (e.g. Minimal Install). On Error Resume Next Application.Run "ACWZMAIN.sbm_Entry" If (Err <> 0) Then MsgBox "Command not available." On Error GoTo 0 ' Update the form. Me.Filter = "[ItemNumber] = 0 AND [Argument] = 'Default' " Me.Caption = Nz(Me![ItemText], "") FillOptions ' Exit the application. Case conCmdExitApplication CloseCurrentDatabase ' Run a macro. Case conCmdRunMacro DoCmd.RunMacro rs![Argument] ' Run code. Case conCmdRunCode Application.Run rs![Argument] ' Open a Data Access Page Case conCmdOpenPage DoCmd.OpenDataAccessPage rs![Argument] ' Any other command is unrecognized. Case Else MsgBox "Unknown option." End Select ' Close the recordset and the database. rs.Close
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HandleButtonClick_Exit: On Error Resume Next Set rs = Nothing Set con = Nothing Exit Function HandleButtonClick_Err: ' If the action was cancelled by the user for ' some reason, don't display an error message. ' Instead, resume on the next line. If (Err = conErrDoCmdCancelled) Then Resume Next Else MsgBox "There was an error executing the command.", vbCritical Resume HandleButtonClick_Exit End If End Function
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5.3 Testing Approach The testing procedure is to verify each component’s functionality of the database. By checking (eg: combo, command button, etc) to see if the actual outcome of the test is the same as the expected. The below table provides comments and feedback as a result of such testing.
Table 15: Testing result Test
Test description
Test data
Expected result
Actual result
1
User validation
S/authentication
2
Validation of database
3
Booking Form Check that hotel can not be booked between June 1 and June 15, 2012 Booking Form Check that hotel can not be booked between June 1 and June 15, 2012 Rooms Available Query
Prompt for user name and password Load database and display main menu “Hotel is close until relocation is over”
Prompts for user name and password Database main menu is displayed “Hotel is close until relocation is over”
June 4, 2013
(validate record)
(validated record)
Feb 12, 2012
(only non-booked rooms are to display) Input box requesting to enter the arrival date Exits the database
(only non-booked rooms displayed)
Report form of various reports
Displays report form of various reports
Display Customer details form
Customer details form are displayed
Display Credit Card details form
Credit Card details form are displayed
Display Booking details form
Booking details form are displayed
Input box to be displayed requesting arrival date Input box requesting checkout date to be displayed (only non-booked rooms are to be displayed) Enable creditcard number combo box
Displays input box requesting arrival date
Comments
#
4
5
6
Main menu Test if the check room availability command button works correctly
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Main menu Test if the exit command button exits the database Main menu Test if the report command button shows various report buttons Main menu Test if the ‘View / Add Customer Record’ command button works correctly Main menu Test if the ‘View / Add Credit Card Record command button works correctly Main menu Test if the ‘View / Add Booking’ command button works correctly
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Check Room availability menu Test if the click on command button works correctly
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If ‘true’ then
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Rooms Available Query
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Customer Details Form Test if the payment method combo box enables Creditcard number when set to ‘creditcard’
‘Creditcard’
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Input box requesting to enter the arrival ate Exits and close entire the database
Displays input box requesting checkout date (only non-booked rooms displayed) creditcard number combo box enables
Validation for the year 2012 only
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Customer Details Form Test if the ‘payment method’ combo box disables Creditcard number when set to ‘cash’ Customer Details Form Test ‘add new customer’ command button functionality Customer Details Form Test delete record’ command button functionality Customer Details Form Test ‘previous record’ command button functionality Customer Details Form Test ‘next record’ command button functionality Customer Details Form Test ‘go to booking’ shortcut command button functionality Credit Card Details Form Test ‘Add Credit Card’ command button functionality Credit Card Details Form Test ‘Delete Credit Card’ command button functionality Credit Card Details Form Test ‘previous record’ command button functionality Credit Card Details Form Test ‘next record’ command button functionality Booking Details Form Test ‘next record’ command button functionality Booking Details Form Test ‘previous record’ command button functionality Booking Details Form Test ‘Delete’ command button functionality Booking Details Form Test ‘New Booking’ command box functionality Booking Details Form Test ‘Payment Method’ combo box functionality Booking Details Form Test ‘Feature Available in Room ’ command button functionality Booking Details Form Test ‘Feature Available in Room ’ command button functionality Booking Details Form Test ‘Room Availability ’ command button functionality Booking Details Form Test ‘Room Availability ’ command button functionality Report Form Test ‘Daily Room Cleaning ’ command button functionality
‘Cash’
Disable creditcard number combo box
creditcard number combo box doesn’t get disabled
Add new record
New record added
Delete existing focused record
Focused record deleted
Go to previous existing record
Previous record is displayed
Go to next existing record
Next record is displayed
Display Booking form
Booking form displayed
Add/create new credit card record
Go to previous existing record
New credit card record added/created Current/focused credit card record deleted Previous record is displayed
Go to next existing record
Next record is displayed
Go to previous existing record
Previous record is displayed
Go to next existing record
Next record is displayed
Delete current credit card record
Current/focused credit card record deleted New record added
Delete current credit card record
Add new record
Drop down a list to select ‘cash’ or ‘creditcard’ from Prompt for user input on room number in question Display table with services available Prompt for user input on room number in question Prompt for user input on room number in question Display Report for Daily Room Cleaning in print preview Display Report for Rooms to clean for guests arriving today in print preview Display Report for Rooms to clean for guests leaving in
Report Form Test ‘Room to prepare for guest arrival today’ command button functionality Report Form Test ‘Room to Clean guest leaving today ’ command button
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This function needs working on to enable desired result First click clears displayed data for new entry Accept ‘yes’ to confirm deletion of focused data
First click clears displayed data for new entry
List drop for selection: ‘cash’ or ‘creditcard’ Room number prompted for Available service as per room number displayed in table Room number prompted for Non-booked rooms displayed (room no and type) Report displayed in print preview
Report displayed in print preview
Report displayed in print preview
The section might need to be worked on
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Report Form Test ‘Customer Invoice’ command button functionality
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print preview Display Customer Invoice in print preview
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Display Customer Invoice in print preview
Invoice displayed in Print preview
Invoice displayed in Print preview
Section width is greater than page with. Needs to be reduced See Print out (Appendix A) for actual invoice (not date specific - only prints out for that room)
5.4 Modifications and Improvements: After days of debugging with much confusion, a few things were notice. Some of which were corrected: -
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The main menu form was too primitive and so a stylish design was given The buttons on main menu also had a change to a more classical touch The customer details form in it well manner intentions lacked the identification of guest by their assigned Customer ID numbers. A field on the customer details was inserted to display customer ID alongside other details. An additional table ‘Payment Method’ was added when it was discovered that not all users were credit card holders, and perhaps not all credit cards are valid. Creditcard method combo box was inserted on customer form to depict paying method either by ‘cash’ or ‘creditcard’, both of which are accessible to the system Since customer details inputting of date are before booking, it was then necessary to include on the customer detail form a shortcut linking the booking form rather than closing forms. A payment method combo box was also included on the booking form ascertain at the point of entry by which means payment would be made.
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6. Results and Discussion
6.1 Test Reports: Now it is clear that based on the outputted information The Cape Hotel can now be able to make rational decisions taking time into consideration. The new system has proven its eligibility to marginalize the two (2) systems employed by The Cape Hotel, that which is a manual Excel spreadsheet for booking reservation and cancellation and other tasks susceptible to human errors alongside a partially used application to manage other hotel related needs. The new Access database application strongly demonstrates with efficiency the ability to take on the many tasks of The Cape Hotel in storing, managing, and enabling the management make decision to increase production and bottom line - profit. Booking is not a simple click, and more on cancellation is a single ‘delete record’ button. The use of unnecessary stationery is alleviated with a one-time final print bill which automatically summarizes all detailed financial interaction made between the guest and the hotel with a single click.
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6.2 User Documentation:
The Cape Hotel MS Access Database User Guide
Table of contents
Page
1. What is database ………………………………………………………………….
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2. Database authentication (login and decryption) …………………
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3. Main Menu ………………………………………………………………………….
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4. Data Manipulation ………………………………………………………………
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5. Booking Process ………………………………………………………………….
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6. Reports ……………………………………………………………………………….
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7. Customer Invoice ………………………………………………………………..
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8. Closing database …………………………………………………………………
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9. Glossary ……………………………………………………………………………….
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What is database A database is an organized collection of data for one or more purposes (for example, the availability of rooms in hotels), that would impact decision when processed into information. In order for data to be properly organized and referenced easily they are stored in a table which is a cross section of rows and columns. (see figure below of a table)
Database authentication (login and decryption) Authentication is the process where in user must provide the right answer, key or password when requested by the software application. If you don’t have a user name and password, then please see your database administrator. User and password creation
This section is strictly for administrator of the database. Only in admin mode will you be able to create user names and password. (see figure below) 64
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1. Go to the file menu of your application
2. Click ‘uses and permissions’ button, and select ‘Users and Group accounts’. Use the ‘Users’ tab to create new users.
3. Use the ‘Group’ table to create new groups. The Change Logon Password tab is to change database password. (see figures below)
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4. Back at the file menu of your application window. Click ‘Users and permissions’ this time select ‘user and groups permission’.
5. In here the admin is able to grant restricted or unrestricted access to users on specific data objects individually or in group.
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Main menu When you’ve entered your user name and password and database password, the first screen that welcomes you is the Main menu. 1. Enter Username and password
2. Enter database password
3. Welcome menus is displayed considering you’ve passed the authentication process:
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Data Manipulation
Queries database for available rooms
Adds new data or deletes/views current data
Displays queries in report form
Exits entire database
The Main menu consists of button when displays addition forms for purpose of: -data input/deletion -data display -data query -data report
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Booking Process It is important to note that before making a booking into the system, customer credit card details should first be entered into the system, followed by the customer details, expect in the case where the customers is returning (is an old customers with data already in system). 1. Enter ‘Customer Credit Card Details’ (if customer is new) as shown. Click to delete current record displayed
Click to a new credit card record
Click to either go to next record or previous record
2. Next: Enter ‘Customer Details’
Click to either go to next record or previous record
Click to go to Booking window
Click to delete current record
4 Click to add new record
3. Next: Enter ‘Booking Details’
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Entering data with Booking Details window should be easy: -Before you make your booking, make sure to check if there is a room available for the date specified by the guest. 1. Click the Room Availability button. It will prompt you to enter check in date and checkout date; in format: mm/dd/yyyy. See figure below for result:
2. Guest arrival date and checkout date could be typed in format ‘mm/dd/yyyy, or by clicking in the text box of the field to display a system calendar.
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3. The Room Numbers and Customer ID are automatically stored in system memory and are available through a drop down menu from which one can select desire result.
Reports Predefined queries are designed into report to project specific details for decision making. The Report Form has four (4) sub-reports button link separate forms as follows: i. Daily Room Cleaning ii. Rooms to prepare for Guests Arriving Today iii. Rooms to Clean for Guest Leaving Today iv. Customer Invoice
Click button to display desired report
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Customer Invoice To create a customer invoice, you have to follow the following steps: 1. Click Customer Invoice button (
) on Report Form
2. An input dialog box is displayed request Room Number needing invoice for.
3. The invoice for the Room Number inputted is displayed. The report or any other report can be printer by clicking the printer :
Closing database To close database, ensure that all other previously and current opened windows, menus or forms are closed to avoid data loss. Click the exit button to to terminate application.
Glossary Query – a report on a database is the answer to a query Record – is a row of data in a database table consisting of a single value from each column of data in the table. Report – presents information retrieved from a table or query in a preformatted, attractive manner. Dialog box – is a little box that pops up when a button is clicked, to either get information from user or perform action based on provided options. System memory – is the place where the computer holds current programs and data that are in use. Field – is a data structure for a single piece of data. Data Manipulation – is a family of syntax elements similar to a computer programming language used for inserting, deleting and updating data in a table. Authentication – is any process by which you verify that someone is who they claim they are. This usually involves a username and a password.
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7. Conclusion This database finally, in a tailored category, conforms to the specifics as was expected to. Feasibility of this system as compared to a manual Excel spreadsheet along with a partially functional software application which seems to be marginalized do to it complexity has met user requirement. All customer records are store in a single location (centralization) for fast and easier decision making purpose.
7.1 Limitations of the System: Much yet needs to be done to improve the system functionality, give time, space, resource, notably: - Validation check on services requested does not exceed duration of stay. - Input data from ‘payment method’ combo box on Customer Details did not successful trigger into the Customer table, unlike the Booking Form - On Customer Form, payment method combo was able to enable combo box credit card number but not disable when ‘cash’ is selected. - When all records are deleted in a table, instead of a default value being displayed, a “#deleted” field is displayed. - A reverse of entering data in creditcard details form then after, customer details from needs to be modify in a way that only one form would inherit all data and separately located allocation data to specified tables. - A separate form for restaurant service needs to be incorporated for independent data input. - Conference room needs to be a separate entity to ease booking. - The query to sum all financial transaction for each customer was unable to materialize using the SQL statements. It was done in design view of the Customer Invoice Form by means of Expression builder via ‘control source’. - Customer Invoice Form needs a function to automatically insert unique invoice number on each invoice created. - A ‘goto’ button or search/find function is needed on Booking form to find specific record quickly when the database has been highly populated.
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7.2 Future Scope of the Project With this system, the possibility of new investigation into migration from an inherent MS Acces
database system is of the essence. Providing a VB interactive front-end and an SQL or Oracle database backend would be intriguing. Due to time limitation, the Restaurant Form and associate attributes was not developed.
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REFERENCES http://www.dbms2.com/2007/12/14/data-warehouse-database-management http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9218729/Hadoop_growing_not_replacing_RDBMS_in_enterprises http://www.databasejournal.com/sqletc/article.php/3869736/Choosing-a-Database-Platform.htm http://www.sql-programmers.com/DisadvantagesofAccess.aspx http://www.galleryimage.com.au/Why-Access-Database.htm http://www.lexjansen.com/pharmasug/2005/posters/po36.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/ www.wiki.answers.com http://databases.about.com/cs/administration/g/report.htm http://www.alexecooper.co.uk/blog/2006/01/access-hotel-reservation-database/#comment-329
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APPENDIX Appendix 1:
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