INDIA YEAR BOOK HANDOUT-PAVNEET SINGH Integrated Child Development Scheme The Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) comes under the purview of the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD). The following are the objectives of ICDS.
To advance the nutritional and health standing of children in the age-group 0-6 years. To create a system that tackles the proper psychological, physical and social development of the child. To fight the rate of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school dropout. To have all the various ministries and departments work in a coordinated fashion to achieve policy implementation and create an effective ECCE system. To support the mother and help her become capable of providing of the necessary nutritional and development needs of the child and aware of her own needs during pregnancy. The scheme aims at providing an integrated package of services. These services include supplementary nutrition, immunization, medical check-ups, recommendation services, pre-school non-formal education and nutrition & health awareness. The purpose of providing these services as a package is because each of these issues is dependent on the other. In order to ensure that the overall care and education of the child is addressed the MWCD envisions the scheme as a complete parcel of provisions. The structure of ICDS is that it is a centrally funded scheme implemented through the States and Union Territories. Originally, financially it was 100% backed by the central government, except the supplementary nutrition, which must be provided by the State's resources. But in 2005-2006 it was noted that many of the States were not capable of providing adequately for supplementary nutrition in view drought, economic slowdown, etc. Hence it was decided to support the States up to 50% of their economic norms or to support 50% of expenses acquired by them on supplementary nutrition, whichever is less. The reason for the Central assistance for Supplementary nutrition is to ensure that all beneficiaries are receiving the supplements for 300 days of the year as has been laid out in the norms of the scheme. Another modification in the financial responsibility of state and central has been that instead of 100% support in non-supplementary expenses the central government is now only responsibly for 90% in all States and Union Territories. In the 2009-2010 financial year the sharing pattern of supplementary nutrition in respect of North-eastern States between Centre and States has been changed from 50:50 to 90:10 ratio. In other States and UTs, with regard to supplementary nutrition, the pattern continues to be a 50:50 ratio sharing.
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Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS)
The purpose of the scheme is to provide for children in difficult circumstances, as well as to reduce the risks and vulnerabilities children have in various situations and actions that lead to abuse, neglect, exploitation, abandonment and separation of children.
The specific objectives of the scheme are:
To institutionalize essential services and strengthen structures To enhance capacities at all systems and persons involved in service delivery To create database and knowledge base for child protection services To strengthen child protection at family and community level To coordinate and network with government institutions and non-government institutions to ensure effective implementation of the scheme To raise public awareness about child rights, child vulnerability and child protection services. In order to ensure the objectives and approaches of ICPS are met, the scheme also calls for the establishment of new bodies within a service delivery structure. At the district level there are:
District Child Protection Society (DCPS) District Child Protection Committee (DCPC) Sponsorship and Foster Care Approval Committee (SFCAC) Block Level Child Protection Committee Village Level Child Protection Committee At the state level there are:
State Child Protection Society (SCPS) State Adoption Resource Agency (SARA) State Child Protection Committee (SCPC) State Adoption Advisory Committee At the regional level there are:
Child Protection Division in the four Regional Centres of National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD) Four Regional Centres of CHILDLINE India Foundation (CIF) And lastly at the national level there are:
CHILDLINE India Foundation- Headquarters Child Protection Division in the National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD) Central Adoption Resource Agency (CARA) Page 2 of 10
National e-Governance Plan
The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) has been formulated by the Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DEITY) and Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG). The NeGP aims at improving delivery of Government services to citizens and businesses with the following vision: "Make all Government services accessible to the common man in his locality, through common service delivery outlets and ensure efficiency, transparency & reliability of such services at affordable costs to realise the basic needs of the common man."
Implementation Strategy, Approach and Methodology of NeGP Implementation of e-Governance is a highly complex process requiring provisioning of hardware & software, networking, process re-engineering and change management. Based on lessons learnt from the past and the experience from successful e-Governance applications, the approach and methodology adopted for NeGP contains the following elements:
1. Common Support Infrastructure: NeGP implementation involves setting up of common and support IT infrastructure such as: State Wide Area Networks (SWANs), State Data Centres (SDCs), Common Services Centres (CSCs) and Electronic Service Delivery Gateways. 2. Governance: Suitable arrangements for monitoring and coordinating the implementation of NeGP under the direction of the competent authorities have also been substantially put in place. The programme also involves evolving/ laying down standards and policy guidelines, providing technical support, undertaking capacity building, R&D, etc. DEITY is required to adequately strengthen itself and various institutions like NIC, STQC, CDAC, NISG, etc. to play these roles effectively.
3. Centralized Initiative, Decentralized Implementation: e-Governance is being promoted through a centralised initiative to the extent necessary to ensure citizen-centric orientation, to realise the objective of inter-operability of various e-Governance applications and to ensure optimal utilisation of ICT infrastructure and resources while allowing for a decentralised implementation model. It also aims at identifying successful projects and replicating them with required customisation wherever needed.
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4. Public-Private Partnerships (PPP): PPP model is to be adopted wherever feasible to enlarge the resource pool without compromising on the security aspects. 5. Integrative Elements: Adoption of unique identification codes for citizens, businesses and property is to be promoted to facilitate integration and avoid ambiguity. 6. Programme Approach at the National and State levels: For implementation of the NeGP, various Union Ministries/Departments and State Governments are involved. Considering the multiplicity of agencies involved and the need for overall aggregation and integration at the national level, NeGP is being implemented as a programme, with well-defined roles and responsibilities of each agency involved. For facilitating this, appropriate programme management structures have also been put in place. 7. Facilitator role of DEITY: DEITY is the facilitator and catalyst for the implementation of NeGP by various Ministries and State Governments and also provides technical assistance. It serves as a secretariat to the Apex Committee and assists it in managing the programme. In addition, DEITY is also implementing pilot/ infrastructure/ technical/ special projects and support components. DARPG’s responsibility is towards Government Process Reengineering and Change Management, which are desired to be realised across all government departments. Planning Commission and Ministry of Finance allocate funds for NeGP through Plan and Non-plan budgetary provisions and lay down appropriate procedures in this regard. 8. Ownership of Ministries: Under the NeGP, various MMPs are owned and spearheaded by the concerned line Ministries. In case there are any ongoing projects which fall in the MMP category, they would be suitably enhanced to align them with the objectives of NeGP. For major projects like Bharat Nirman, Rural Employment Guarantee Schemes, etc. the line ministries concerned are advised to make use of e-Governance as also automation techniques from the inception stage. States have been given the flexibility to identify a few additional state-specific projects, which are relevant for the economic development of the State.
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National Policy on Universal Electronic Accessibility National Policy on Universal Electronic Accessibility that recognizes the need to eliminate discrimination on the basis of disabilities as well as to facilitate equal access to electronics and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). India ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) in 2007 which, among other things, says that "State Parties shall take appropriate measures to ensure to persons with disabilities, access on an equal basis with others, to the physical environment, to transportation, to information and communications, including ICTs and systems and to other facilities and services open or provided to the public". Many countries who are signatories to UNCRPD have legislation policy or a framework to ensure equality for those with disability. Electronics and ICTs are key enablers in mitigating barriers faced by differently abled persons and in helping them to provide better opportunities for livelihood. The policy will facilitate equal and unhindered access to electronics and ICTs products and services by differently abled persons (both physically and mentally challenged) and to facilitate local language support for the same. This shall be achieved through universal access to electronics and ICT products and services to synchronize with barrier free environment and preferably usable without adaptation. Differently abled persons all over the country will benefit from this policy. The following strategies are envisaged for the implementation of the policy: • Creating awareness on universal electronics accessibility and universal design. • Capacity building and infrastructure development. • Setting up of model electronics and ICTs centres for providing training and demonstration to special educators and physically as well as mentally challenged persons. • Conducting research and development, use of innovation, ideas, technology etc. whether indigenous or outsourced from abroad. • Developing programme and schemes with greater emphasis for differently abled women/children. • Developing procurement guidelines for electronics and ICTs for accessibility and assistive needs.
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National Policy on Electronics
Providing attractive fiscal incentives across the value chain of the ESDM sector through Modified Special Incentive Package Scheme (M-SIPS).
Setting up of Semiconductor Wafer Fab facilities and its eco-system for design and fabrication of chips and chip components. Providing Preferential Market Access for domestically manufactured/ designed electronic products including mobile devices, SIM cards with enhanced features, etc. with special emphasis on Indian products for which IPR reside in India to address strategic and security concerns of the Government consistent with international commitments. Providing incentives for setting up of over 200 Electronic Manufacturing Clusters with world class logistics and infrastructure. Creating an “Electronic Development Fund” for promoting innovation, R&D and commercialization in ESDM, nano-electronics and IT sectors including providing support for seed capital, venture capital and growth stages of manufacturing. To use innovation and R&D capabilities to develop electronic products catering to domestic needs and conditions at affordable price points. Setting up Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) specific Incubation Centres across country. Developing an India microprocessor for diverse applications/ strategic needs. Creating a 10 year stable tax regime for the ESDM sector. Setting up a specialized Institute for semiconductor chip design. Encouraging greater participation of private sector in human resource development for the sector. Also encouraging setting up of skill-oriented courses for electronic designs along with hands-on laboratories enabling graduates from other disciplines to migrate to ESDM. Developing and mandating standards for electronic products specific to Indian conditions of power, climate, handling etc. Creating linkages for long term partnership between domestic ESDM industry and strategic sectors like Defence, Atomic Energy and Space. Setting up of Centres of Excellence in the area of Automotive electronics, Avionics, and Industrial electronics. Adopting best practices in e-waste management Setting up of a National Electronics Mission with industry participation to advance the implementation of various programmes in this policy. The Department of Information Technology to be renamed as Department of Electronics and Information Technology to reflect the desired focus on electronics.
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National Youth Policy-2014 India is one of the youngest nations in the world and is expected to have a very favourable demographic profile in the near future. This is a great opportunity as well as a challenge. NYP2014 seeks to suggest a framework for appropriate policy interventions by Government and non-Government stakeholders, to empower the youth to enable them to realize their full potential
as
also
to
contribute
to
the
progress
of
the
nation.
The vision of NYP-2014 is to empower youth to achieve their full potential, and through them enable India to find its rightful place in the community of nations. For achieving this vision, the Policy identifies five well-defined objectives and 11 priority areas and suggests policy interventions in each priority area. The priority areas are education, skill development and employment, entrepreneurship, health and healthy lifestyle, sports, promotion of social values, community engagement, participation in politics and governance, youth engagement, inclusion and social justice. The focused approach on youth development and empowerment involving all stakeholders, as envisaged in NYP-2014, would result in development of an educated and healthy young population, who are not only economically productive, but are also socially responsible citizens contributing to the task of nation-building. It will cover the entire country catering the needs of all youth in the age-group of 15-29 years, which constitutes 27.5 per cent of the population according to Census-2011, that is about 33 crore persons.It will replace NYP-2003, to take care of developments since 2003 and future policy imperatives. The NYP-2014 proposes broad policy interventions for the youth consistent with the 12thPlan priorities and does not propose any specific programme/ scheme, having financial implications. All concerned Ministries/ Department would be requested to bring focus on youth issues within the framework of their plans/ programmes/ schemes etc.
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Atal Pension Yojana
Atal Pension Yojana (APY) is open to all bank account holders who are not members of any statutory social security scheme.
Fixed pension for the subscribers ranging between Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000, if he joins and contributes between the age of 18 years and 40 years.
The contribution levels would vary and would be low if subscriber joins early and increase if he joins late.
The minimum age of joining APY is 18 years and maximum age is 40 years.
Therefore, minimum period of contribution by the subscriber under APY would be 20 years or more. Mainly targeted at unorganised sector workers.
All bank account holders under the eligible category may join APY with auto-debit facility to accounts, leading to reduction in contribution collection charges.
All Points of Presence (Service Providers) and Aggregators under Swavalamban Scheme would enrol subscribers through architecture of National Pension System.
It is Government of India Scheme, which is administered by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority.
The Institutional Architecture of NPS would be utilised to enrol subscribers under APY. Government would provide (i) fixed pension guarantee for the subscribers; (ii) would cocontribute 50% of the subscriber contribution or Rs. 1000 per annum, whichever is lower, to eligible subscribers; and (iii) would also reimburse the promotional and development activities including incentive to the contribution collection agencies to encourage people to join the APY.
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SP Mukharjee National Rurban Mission (SPM NRM)
The National Rurban Mission aims to spur social, economic and infrastructure development in rural areas by developing a cluster of 300 Smart Villages over the next 3 years across the country. PM referred to rurbans as territories ‘with soul of village and facilities of city’. SPMRM was announced in the Union Budget 2014-15.
The word ‘rurban’ (rural+urban) refers to an area which possesses the economic characteristics and lifestyles of an urban area while retaining its essential rural area features.
A predecessor to SPMRM was the Provision of Urban Amenities to Rural Areas (PURA), announced in 2003.
This concept was given by former president Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and discussed in his book ‘Target 3 Billion’.
It aimed at Provision of urban amenities and livelihood opportunities in rural areas to bridge the rural urban divide thereby reducing the migration from rural to urban areas.
PURA was for holistic and accelerated development of compact areas around a potential growth center in a Panchayat (or group of Panchayats) through Public Private Partnership (PPP) by providing livelihood opportunities and urban amenities to improve the quality of life in rural areas.
PURA is treated as a “Project” and not a government scheme – Private sector partner had to prepare a detailed business.
Key features of National Rurban Mission (NRM): NRM through development of rurban growth clusters aims at catalyzing overall regional growth for simultaneously benefiting the rural as well as urban areas of the country. Twin objectives: 1. Strengthening of rural areas and de-burdening the urban areas. 2. Balanced regional development and growth of the country by simultaneously benefiting the rural as well as urban areas of the country.
Envisages institutional arrangements both at the State and Centre in order to ensure smooth implementation of the Mission.
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The State Governments would identify the clusters which have latent potential for growth in accordance with the Framework for Implementation prepared by the Union Ministry of Rural
Development. States government will prepare Integrated Cluster Action Plans for Rurban Clusters. It will be comprehensive plan documents detailing out the strategy for the cluster development. The clusters will be geographically contiguous Gram Panchayats with different population and follow administrative convergence units of Gram Panchayats.
Population Requirements: 1. Coastal and plain areas must have population of about 25000 to 50000. 2. Hilly, desert or tribal areas must have 5000 to 15000. There will be a separate approach for selection of clusters in Tribal and Non-Tribal Districts. Fourteen components:
Optimum
level
of
development
components
include
(a)
Skill
development training (b)Agro Processing/Agro Storage/ Services and Warehousing (c) Sanitation (d) Digital Literacy (e) Solid and liquid waste management (f) Provision of piped water supply (g) Village streets and drains (h) Street lights (i) Upgrading school/higher education facilities (j) fully equipped mobile health unit (k) Service Centers for electronic delivery of citizen centric services/e-gram connectivity (l) Public transport (m) Inter-village road connectivity (n) LPG gas connections.
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