Power System Control

Pow er Systems Control Control

Conte nts SCADA, EMS, DMS Control Room Tech Tech nology Power Network Telecommunication

P a ge 7 / 2– 7 /5 7 /6 – 7 /10 7 /11– /11 – 7 /24

SCADA/EMS/DMS

Introduction

Siemens furthers this st rategy by participating in a variety o f IEEE, IEC, IEC, EPRI, CIGRE CIGRE and CIRED CIRED comm ittees and by enlisting support from active user groups.

The requirements on network control system s are growing as secure and and economic energy management is becoming ever more im portant. Planning Planning and implement ation of SCADA SCADA system s (Supervisory (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisit ion), Energy Energy M anagement Systems (EMS) as as w ell as DistribuDistribution Management Systems (DMS) involve coordinating coordinating a w ide range of engineering tasks. Siemens is in a position t o deliver optimum , state-of-the-art state-of-the-art solutions in close cooperation with the customers.

The quality quality m anagement anagement certified by DQS according ISO 9001 ensures quality products and a smoot h and reliable reliable project implementation within contractual schedule and budget. Siemens Power System s Control has has a large support staff of dedicated experts with power industry experience.

SINAUT (Siemens Network Automation) is Siemens’ modern product family for Power Systems Control. It reflects the experience of more than 540 electricity grid control systems installed worldwide since the early sixties. As t echnological echnological pacemaker Siemens invests considerable funds annually in the further development of the SINAUT product family. Planned for the long term, this user-oriented user-oriented product line has release release com patibility to guarantee that the benefits of tomorrow’s R&D investments can still be adopted by system s delivered today.

With its broad range of products Siemens is able to supply the control syst ems, all necessary necessary component s (communication equipment, control room equipment, uninterruptible power systems, etc.) from one supplier on a turnkey basis.

s s s s

M unicipal unicipal utilities and Large Large industries industries with own networks Regional Regional distribution utilities National and regional generation and transmission utilities

Modular and distributed architecture Each SINAUT Spectrum system consists of individual functional subsystems which are distributed among an optimum number of w orkstations and servers. servers. Shortest reaction tim es are achieved achieved by assigning assigning tim ecritical applications and applications requiring a lot of com putation power to dedicated dedicated servers (Fig. (Fig. 1). The database database is distributed among the workstations and servers for fast and independent data access access w ith low LAN-loading. The modules of the network control system SINAUT Spectrum are shown in Fig. Fig. 3 on page page 7 /4 an d 7 /5.

SINAUT Spectrum General SINAUT Spectrum is the open, modular and distributed control system for electrical networks as well as for gas, water and remote heating heating netw orks. Its extensive and m odular functionality functionality provides scalable scalable solutions t ailored ailored to the needs and budgets of:

Due to its modular and distributed system architecture architecture SINAUT Spectrum offers unlimited horizontal and vertical vertical grow th opportunities, e.g. from a small entry-level entry-level SCADA system up to a large EMS or combined SCADA/EM SCADA/EM S/DMS.

Communication w ith other control control centers, e.g. ICCP or ELCOM ELCOM -90

M imic diagram diagram

Mimic diagram interface

Administrator, archives, schedules

Operator console

Operator console

Spare

Expert system

Gateway

LAN

Data acqusition

to/from RTUs RTUs

SCADA

Network analysis

Basic Basic com ponents Hot standby

Power and scheduling applications

Training simulator

Distribution management functions

Bridge

Office LAN

GIS

PC Database

Fig. 1: SINAUT Spectrum – system architecture of a large SCADA/EMS/DMS

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Siemens Pow er Engineering Guide · Transmission & D istribution

SCADA/EMS/DMS

SINAUT Data Gateway SINAUT Data Gateway exactly meets the requirements of an integration tool needed for data maintenance. With SINAUT Data Gateway control center data can be m aintained wit h one database instead of m aintaining modeling inform ation in several different form ats for each application. For the update of an existing control center system, t he necessary data can simply be exported in a form at recognized by the new control center system.

Available services

Fig. 2: Control room of Nor thern States Pow er Company, Minneapolis, M N

Open architecture SINAUT Spectrum is solidly based on industry standards. Therefore the system can be upgraded to t ake advantage of the rapidly moving technology in the workstation and server market, without losing any of the software investment built up over the years. SINAUT Spectrum runs under a UNIX operating system, strictly adhering to the IEEE POSIX standards, thus providing hardware platform independence. SINAUT Spectrum may be delivered either on SUN or on IBM w orkstations. The user interface employs a graphical environment that the operator can tailor to his specific t asks and preferences. Based on the X-Window System and OSF/Motif, this user interface provides multiple-window displays, full pan and zoom capabilities and excellent display call-up times. Other st andards used in SINAUT Spectrum : s Structured Query Language (SQL) for relational database access s TCP/IP for LAN/WAN com munication s IEC 870-5 as we ll as many ot her protocols for RTU communication s IEC 870-6 TASE 2 (ICCP), WSCC and ELCOM 90 for comm unication w ith other control centers.

Further SIN AUT products SINAUT ACES Accounting, Contracts and Energy Scheduling The volume of w holesale transactions w ill increase dramatically due to regulatory and economic pressures. SINAUT ACES provides sophisticated soft w are that can manage comm odity trading, accounting, billing, m onitoring, and contract compliance. SINAUT ACES allows to take full advantage of the growing complexity of contract provisions. SINAUT ACES operates within an open-systems environment that can be fully integrated wit h SCADA/ EMS/DM S and corporate information systems. SINAU T ICCPNET, SIN AUT ICCPNT Communications Products Siemens offers a full range of communication product s which supp ort ICCP. The field-proven SINAUT ICCPNET which executes under UNIX, offers a commercial relational database manager to handle configuration and object-set definition w ith an OSF/Motif operator interface. SINAUT ICCPNT executes on a PC platform and combines a low -cost solution and UCA (Utility Comm unications Architecture) open-system s technology in order to interconnect utilities.

Siemens Power Engineering Guide · Transmission & Distribut ion

Siemens offers services for all important areas: s Studies, planning, engineering s Project implementation s Installation, supervision of installation s Commissioning s Training s Hardware/software maintenance s System upgrading s System migration

Siemens Power Systems Control – a key t o success Netw ork Control Centers have to operate economically and eff iciently over long periods. Therefore Siemens is committed to: Designing systems t hat can incorporate new standards and technologies over time to keep the system current s Avoiding dependence on proprietary tools and methods s Using accepted and de facto standards s M eeting the growing need for information management throughout a public utility company The long-term commitments also include: s

s s s s s

A full product spectrum Complete turnkey projects Complete spectrum of services An active user group Strong R&D

For further information please contact: Fax: ++ 49-911-4 33-8122

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SCADA/EMS/DMS

Ne tw ork Control System

Hardware

Basic system

SCADA functions

Distribution management functions

UNIX server

Database

Data acquisition and processing

Data import from a GIS

Spatial control and queries

UNIX workstation

Information management system

Supervisory control, control jobs, manual update

Tracing

Jumpers, cuts, grounds

Data acquisition subsystem

User interface

Report generation system

Switching procedure management

Fault location and isolation; service restoration

Gatew ay

Com puter network management

Dynamic network colouring

Outage management system

Feeder estimation

Ethernet-LAN

Tools for test and diagnostics

Energy demand control

Load modeling

Online load flow calculation

Communication system

Softbus

Load management

Online short-circuit calculation

Transformer load management

RTU

UNIX operating system

Energy accounting

V/Var control

Cold load pickup

High-level language compiler

Operation optimization for gas and w ater networks

Archives and schedules

Fig. 3: Modules of the netw ork control system SINAUT Spectrum

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SCADA/EMS/DMS

SINAUT Spectrum

Network analysis

Power and scheduling applications

Training simulator

Expert system

Communication

Model update

Network reduction

Automatic generation control

Interchange scheduling

Instructor functions

Intelligent alarm processing

To ot her control centers (ICCP)

State estimator

Network parameter adaption

Economic dispatch

Reserve monitoring

Complete functionality of the control system

Disturbance analysis

Geographical information system (GIS)

Dispatcher power flow

Fault calculations

Interchange transaction evaluation (A+B)

Load forecast

User interface of the control system

Network restoration/ load transfer

Multisite control center operation

Security analysis

Network sensitivity

Unit commitment

Hydro scheduling

Process simulation

Optimal power flow

Security checked switching

Hydrothermal coordination

Production costing

Network model

Planning

Voltage scheduler

Study case management

Water worth value calculation

Wheeling loss calculation

Generation model

M aintenance

Protection model

Billing

Security dispatch

Other utility IT system s

Outage scheduler


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Control Room Tec hnology

SINAUT Visualization Introduction With its SINAUT Visualization large-screen rear projection system, the Siemens AG offers the solution for the large-screen display of text or graphics. Thanks to the modular design of SINAUT Visualization with projection modules which can stacked horizontally and vertically w ithout paths, screens of practically any size can be built. The SINAUT Visualization large-screen rear projection system can be used whereever a large-area presentation of computer data is required. For example, in pow er distribution. SINAUT Visualization can be used in an energy management system as a substitute for or adddition to conventional mosaic panels. All dynamic data, from an overview of t opological information about t he area supplied to detailed information and special messages for the operators in case of fault, can be visualized so that all operators can read it (Fig. 4).

Fig. 4: Control room of Victorian Pow er Exchange, Australia

VGA, Video, X.11 controller

Description Design of SINAUT Visualization-mX The LCD projection technology used in SINAUT Visualization-mX is based on the TFT LCD (thin-film transistor liquid crystal display) light-valve technology. This socalled active matrix LCD has a better contrast and display sw itching rate than the lower-cost passive LCDs. Each individual red, green and blue color pixel of the LCD is controlled by a transistor that is, in turn, directly linked to the computer electronics of t he integrated mX-Terminal* . This eliminates color shift and drift effects because no analog technology is used (Fig. 5).

LCD light valve M irror, lamp

Projection lens

Screen

Observer

Fig. 5: Principle of rear pr ojection using an LCD

M odularity SINAUT Visualization-mX is a modular system in order to cover different requirement s for projection area, resolution and size. Each projection module is an individual rear projection system w ith a 50"-inch screen and a resolution of 640 x 480 or 1024 x 768 pixels. It has no seam and the edges of the module correspond with the picture borders (Fig. 6).

340 1213

Illumination unit Darkbox

Screen

750

1000

Screen module * mX-Terminal designates the multiscreen-cable x-Terminal from Siemens AG

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Fig. 6: Projection module w ith dimensions in mm



Therefore seamless pictures of any size can be built by horizontal and vertical stacking of several modules.

1213

Fig. 7 shows an example of a 3 x 2 configuration of modules, offering a resolution of either 1920 x 960 or 3072 x 1536 pixels. The more m odules are configured horizontally or vertically, the higher is the resulting resolution. The projection modules can be set up in horizontal direction linear as well as polygonal w ith an angle of 8 degrees to each other in order to obt ain a slightly curved display w all. Oth er angles are possible on request (Fig. 8).

Screen 0

Screen 2 1500

Screen 3

Screen 4

Screen 5

Illumination unit

Connectivity as mX-Terminal The mX-Terminal integrated in OVERVIEWmX and the X-server installed on it conform 100% to the internationally standardized protocol definition X window system (X-Window s, X.11.). Up t o 4 projection modules can be connect ed to one m X-Terminal. If they are arranged in a 2 x 2 designs, they provide a resolution of 1280 x 960 or 2048 x 1536 pixels. The system operates like an X-Term inal wit h all X.11 tool kits such as OSF/M otif and the X-applications based on them. All X-clients can make unrestricted use of the entire projection area of 2 m x 1.5 m (Fig. 9).

Screen 1

Darkbox

3000

Screen m odule Fig. 7: 3 x 2 horizontal and vertical stacking of pr ojection modules

Operator

Operator

Fig. 8: Linear or polygonal setup of several SINAUT Visualization-mX projec tion modules (top view )

SINAUT Visualization-mX projection modules

mX-Terminal

Ethernet, TCP/IP X-Windows

Fig. 9: Integration of SINAUT Visualization-mX into a c omputer net wor k based on Ethernet, TCP/IP and X-Windows


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M osaic-tile systems 24 modules with 3480 x 1920 pixels

Introduction Visualization of the electric syst ems to be controlled and optimization of the working environment are of utmost importance for the control room operators’ ability to concentrate. By combining the latest ergonomic findings w ith an appropriate design Siemens provides an environment that allows the operators to work well, even in critical situations. Control boards and mim ic displays of mosaic tile design must have a straightforward layout. They must also be costeffect ive and capable of being shaped to suit customer requirements. It must be possible to modify or extend them quickly, simply and at minimum cost.

Distributed X-Server

6 m X-Term inals as rendering m achines

mX-Terminal as central device

The ergonomics and design of Siemens control rooms exceed the scope of all DIN and international standards. A broad selection of standard modules and components form the basis of our control rooms. They range from mosaic tile systems and control desks to large-screen rear projection systems, and from optimized mapboards to ergonom ically perfect operator workstations. Siemens manufacture of control room technology is certified to ISO 9001. Controlling of the mimic board Control room technology by Siemens has been developed generally over the last few years.

Workstations/ Win dow s NT-PCs

Ethernet TCP/IP, X-Windows

Controlling of the mim ic board is no longer done by a costly 1:1 wiring system but via an Ethernet bus (SINEC H1) to the PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) system and an internal mim ic board bus (SINEC L2). This new idea – M imic Board Controlling (M BA-L2) – has been successf ully realized in several projects (Fig. 12). LAN-controlled mimic board The mimic board consists of the following elements:

Fig. 10: SINAUT Visualization-mX as 6 x 4 setup

s

If more than 4 projection modules are required, there is the possibility to have nearly any number of modules as one large display. With the distributed X-Server (1 central device mX-Terminal wit h keyboard and mouse and several rendering machines) it is possible to cont rol nearly any number of modules as one single display.

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This means that both the user and the application softw are “ see” one single display. Installation, operation and service do not diff er from that of a standard X-Terminal (Fig. 10).

s s s

s

s s

PLC Power supply including fuses Bus terminal M ain module for the control of 32 tw incolored LEDs Extension module for the control of 32 tw incolored LEDs Low consumption diodes Protocol as per DIN 19245



Description The PLC from the S5 automation system consists of: s s s

s

s

Power supply module Central processing unit (CPU) Communication processor module to a host processor Communication processor module (CP 5430) to internal LAN connection of the mimic board Eventual memory ext ensions in case of bigger systems

The use and the selection of the different types of S5 PLCs depend on t he requirements of the controlled LEDs and on the parameters which are to be transmitted from the host processor to the PLC. The comm unication processor to a host processor is determined by the structure of t he protocol and the physical interface (e.g. SINEC H1, L1, L2 and so on).

The bus terminal The bus terminal is designed to connect to the internal LAN one main module and 16 extension modules. In addition to the LAN connections, the following are connected to the bus terminal: power supply, shielding for the cables between bus terminals and modules, and digital input for synchronization of blinking. The bus system, protocol structure The LAN controlling the main module is an RS 485 interface. The protocol is according to DIN 19245 (profibus). This LAN is supplied by a comm unication processor CP 5430 which supports the protocol DIN 19245 by hardware implementation.

SINEC H1/Ethernet

1 Power supply module 2 CPU module 3 CP to SINEC H1

PLC

4 CP to mim ic board Ian SINEC L2

1 2 3 4 Fig. 11: Control room of Schluch seewer ke AG, Germany

1

Mimic board

SINEC L2

32

1 LED 32 Main module

LED 32 Main module

SINEC L2 32 1

PLC

16

RS 485 Online test Parametrizing Commissioning

SINEC 1/ Ethernet

SINAUT spectrum Fig. 12: Mimic board wiring with MBA-L2


Analog output submodule

1

8

Display submodule

1234 M W

Fig. 13: Hardw are struct ure of M BA-L2

7 /9


M ain module The main module is connected by a 16-pole cable including pow er supply, LAN c onnection and synchronizing input. Each main module is a slave partner on the SINEC L2 LAN and is able to control up to 32 twincolored LEDs. The intensity of the LEDs can be controlled via messages from the PLC. Thus the brightness of the indicator lights can be adapted t o the light conditions in the control room. The LEDs can be operated in steady-state mode (on/off) or in flashing mode with a frequency of 0.5 to 8 Hz in 5 steps. A red LED on t he module’s rear side indicates following errors:

8RS

User softw are

8RU

8RT

SINEC H1-Bus

CPU Process and distribution of LED data

Standard interface

LED failure s Number and color (monocolored, twincolored) of LEDs to be used do not match with the number of plug-in LEDs s Failure or error of RAM , EPROM , E2PROM A green LED indicates healthy operation. s

Errors can be read out and failures can be exactly located. LED failures can be located as well. Thus detection and replacement of defective LEDs are not timeconsuming. A defect ive LED can also be found by a ” lamp test“ message (operation of all LEDs). Each main m odule can be used to cont rol up to 16 extension modules. Each extension module w ill be addressed directly over Profibus by a subaddress. Extension module The extension module can control up to 32 tw incolored LEDs. As described above, the extension module is addressed by a main module. Each extension module is cyclicly updated by the main module. This message can be interrupted by m essages of higher priority. These are: Synchronous blinking Lamp test All further functions of the extension module are t he same as described above for the main module. s

Data areas for LED information Data preparation

SINEC L2-Bus

Fig. 14: Software struc ture of M imic Board Controlling (MBA-L2)

Fig. 15: 8RU-8RS-8RT mosaic tile s ystems

Parameteriziation softw are

M echanical Design

The menu-driven software allows designing of main and extension m odules locally at the m odule or on line during operation.

The 8RU-8RS-8RT mosaic tile systems are of self-supporting and self-locking design. The tiles are in fact designed to support one another and thus give the finished control board or mim ic display a strong structure. No metal supporting grid or any other extra parts are needed for mounting the individual t iles. All the systems can be modified or extended quite simply. Once the board has been erected, m osaic tiles can simply be exchanged or added.

Features of MBA-L2 s

s

s s

s s

s

s

s s

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Automatic background LED test, faulty LED can be detected at any time All errors can be located and transmitted to host com puter system Steady-state m ode, on/off Flushing m ode, 0.5 up to 8 1/s in 5 s te ps Smooth brightness control No need for marshalling racks or distribution units Reduced number of cable connections to and inside the mimic board Simple erection on site, no w iring Easy extension and modification because of using plug-in t echnology

The 8RU-8RS-8RT mosaic tile systems have been tested to DIN 40046 seismic requirements and are thus f ully able to w ithstand heavy m echanical loads. For further information please contact: Fax: ++49- 911-4 33-81 83


Pow er Netw ork Telecommunication

Introduction Safe, reliable and economical energy supply is also a matter of fast, eff icient and reliable transmission of information and data. International operation, automation and computer-controlled optimization of netw ork operations, as w ell as changing communications requirements and the rapid change in technology have considerably increased the dem ands placed on system s and components of communications networks. The same careful planning and organizing of communications networks are as necessary in the power industry as for the generation and distribution of energy itself. Siemens offers a wide range of systems and netw ork elements specifically designed to solve communications problems in this area.

As show n in the block diagram below , we are offering systems and network elements f or analog transmission as w ell as systems f or digital transmission. The systems and network elements shown in this survey of products have been specially developed for pow er industry applications and theref ore fulfill the requirements with regard to quality and w orkmanship as well as reliability and security.

All systems and network elements described meet the relevant international recomm endations and are designed, developed and manufactured in accordance w ith the requirenments of the quality systems of DIN EN ISO 9001.

up to 500 km Line trap PLC

CC or CVT AKE

Distance protection

All systems and network elements are adapted t o one another in such a w ay that the power industry’s future communications requirements can be satisfied optimally both technically and economically.

SWT F6

50 ... 2400 Bd

FW T

64 kbit/s ESB

Siemens is of fering advice, planning, production, delivery, installation, operation and training – one source for t he custom er. Providing expertise and commitment as the complexity of the problem requires. Put your trust in the extensive know-how of our specialists and in the solidity of t he internationally proven Siemens com munications systems.

Hicom O.F. Dig. current comparison and distance protection

Flexible network configuration with communications systems and network elements

SWT D

Data 50 Bd ... n x 64 kbit/s

The gradual transition from analog to digital information networks in the power industry and other privately operated net w orks requires a great variety of syst ems and net work elements for widely differing uses. Prior to a decision as to w hich system could be used for t he best t echnical and economical solution, it is first necessary to clarify such requirem ents as quantity of speech, data and teleprotection channels to be transmitted, length of transmission link, existing transmission m edia, infrastructure, reliability, etc. Depending on those clarifications the most cost-efficient and best technical solution can be chosen.

M UX Speech LFH AKE PLC CC CVT SWT F6 FW T ESB Hicom SWT 2 D M UX LFH O.F.

Coupling unit Power line carrier comm unication Coupling capacitor Capacitive voltage transformer Teleprotection signaling system for analog transmission links Telecontrol – and data transmission system Pow er line carrier system ISDN telephone system Teleprotection signaling system for digital transmission links Multiplex system Fiber optic transmission system Optical fiber cable

Fig. 16: General overview


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Pow er Line Carrier (PLC) Communication

11 AKE 100 coupling unit

The AKE 100 coupling unit described here, together w ith a high-voltage coupling capacitor, forms a high-pass filter for the required carrier frequencies, whose lower cut-off frequency is determined by the rating of coupling capacitor and the chosen matching ratio. The AKE 100 coupling unit is supplied in four versions and is used for: Phase-to-ground coupling to overhead power lines s Phase-to-phase coupling to overhead power lines s Phase-to-ground coupling to pow er cables s Phase-to-phase coupling to pow er cables s Intersystem coupling w ith tw o phase-to-ground coupling units The coupling units for phase-to-phase coupling are adaptable for use as phaseto-ground coupling units. The versions for phase-to-ground coupling can be retrof itted for phase-to-phase coupling or can be used for intersystem coupling. s

PLC cable screw connection

12

2 Terminal for coupling capacitor 3 Grounding switch with

9

For carrier frequency com munication via pow er lines or via comm unication circuits subject to interference from power lines, the high-frequency currents from and to the PLC terminals must be fed into or tapped from the lines at chosen points without the operating personnel or PLC term inals being exposed to a high-voltage hazard. The PLC term inals are connected to t he pow er line via coupling capacitors or via capacitive voltage transform ers and the coupling unit. In order to prevent the PLC currents from flow ing to the power sw itchgear or in other undesired directions (e. g. spur lines), traps (coils) are used, which are rated for t he operating and short-circuit currents of t he pow er installation and w hich involve no significant loss for the power distribution system.

1 Conduit w ith w eather-resistant

13

10

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 8 7 6 2

5

11 12 13

4 3

swit ch-rod eye M ain ground connection External shock hazard protection 1- or 2-pole coarse voltage arrester Drain and tuning coil Isolating capacitor Isolating transformer Resistor for phase-to-phase coupling (balancing resisto r) Gas-type surge arrester (optional extra) PLC cable terminals HF hybrid transformer

Fig.17: AKE 100 coupling unit with built-in HF hybrid transfor mer

A: Phase-to-ground coupling Line trap CC or CVT AKE 100

PLC System

B: Phase-to-phase coupling Line trap

CC or CVT AKE 100

PLC System

C: Intersystem coupling Line trap

Line trap CC or CVT

AKE 100

HF hybrid

CC or CVT

AKE 100

PLC System Fig. 18: Coupling mo des

Coupling mode

Costs

Attenuation

Reliability

A: Phase-to-ground coupling

Minimum

Greater t han B&C

Minimum

B: Phase-to-phase coupling

Twice than A

Minimum

Greater than A

C: Intersystem c oupling

Twice than A

Greater than B

M aximum

Fig. 19: Comparison of the c oupling modes

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ESB 2000i powe r line carrier system

PAX/ PABX

64 kbit/s M UX

SDH PDH

DEE Communication system e. g. Hicom

So

Coupling unit

V.24/V.28

Remote Service subscriber telephone

64 kbit/s

2/4-wire E&M

Protection relay

Coupling capacitor

BM X

LAN PAX/ PABX

Line trap

64 kbit/s

Distance protection

SWT 2000 F6

Data Data V.28 up to 2400 Bd or via M ODEM

Modem,

Power system control

≤

19,2 kbits/s

ESB 2000 i

Data V.28 up to 2400 Bd

FWT 2000i

Service PC

Fig. 20: ESB 2000i power line carrier system


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ESB 2000i power line carrier system M odern PLC system s must not only take into account t he specific characteristics of the high-voltage line but must guarantee first and foremost that they will be economically and technically usable in future digital networks. The ESB 2000i digital PLC system meet s these requirements through Use of state-of-the-art digital signal processor technology (DSP) s User-oriented service features, e. g. – auto m atic line equ alization – auto m atic fr equ ency con tro l (AFC) – rem ot e s upe rvisio n /m ainte nance – prog ram m ing of param et ers by PC s Integration of data transmission systems (channel circuits KS 2000 and KS 2000i) s Digital interfaces for transmission up to 64 kbit/s Use of t he ESB 2000i PLC system also enables the f ull advantages of digital transmission to be exploited when employing the high-voltage line as a transmission m edium. The ESB 2000i PLC system also satisfies economic requirements such as low investment costs, reduction of expenditure for maintenance and service and technical requirements with respect to security, availability and reliability. s

Modulation

Power amplifier

-Interfacemodules

Digital signal processing

Central control

-Demodulation

Receive selection

Fig. 21: ESB 2000i functio nal un its

Application The ESB 2000i PLC system permits carrier transmission of speech, fax, data, telecontrol and teleprotection signals in the frequency range from 24 kHz to 500 kHz via: Overhead power lines and Cables in high- and m edium-voltage systems. s s

The information is transmitted using the single-sideband (SSB) met hod w ith suppressed carrier. This m ethod perm its: s

s

s

Large ranges due t o m aximum utilization of the transmitter energy for signal transmission The smallest possible bandwidth and therefore optimum utilization of the spectrum space of the frequency range permitted for the transmission Improved privacy due to carrier suppression

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Fig. 22: ESB 2000i PLC System w ith 40 W amplifi er



Digital interface of the ESB 2000i PLC System The ESB 2000i PLC system w ith ITU-T standardized digital interface for transmission rates up to 64 kbit/s significantly increases the possible applications. By using external multiplex systems providing ITU-T standardized interfaces X.21/V.11 or G 703.1, it is possible to adapt t he ESB 2000i PLC system more flexibly to the number of transmission channels and the various interfaces for the digital transmission of speech and data.

ESB 2000i

Digital transmission from 1.2 to 64 kbit/s

Digital interface X.21/V.11 or G 703.1 or V.28

SSBmodulator/ demodulato r

PLC-lineunit

HFbandwidth 2.5 to 8 kHz

Service channel

Central processor

Service telephone

Service PC network management

Fig. 23: Basic diagram of the ESB 2000i PLC System for digital transmission

19.2 kbit/s

32 kbit/s

40 kbit/s

64 kbit/s

Bandwidth 2.5 kHz

Bandwidth 4 (3.75) kHz

Note: A service channel for remote maintenance and for service telephone is provided in addition to t he above nominal bit rates.

Bandwidth 5 kHz

Bandwidth 8 (7.5) kHz

Fig. 24: Transmission rates of the digital interf ace of the PLC system acc ording to t he available bandw idth


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SWT 2000 F6 protection signaling system for analog transmission links The task of power system protection equipment in the event of faults in highvoltage installations is to selectively disconnect the defective part of the system within the shortest possible time. In view of const antly increasing pow er plant capacities and the ever closer meshing of highvoltage netw orks, superlative dem ands are placed on power network protection system s in term s of reliability and availability. Network protection systems featuring absolute selectivity therefore need secure and high-speed transmission system s for the exchange of information between the individual substations. The SWT 2000 system for transmission of protection commands provides optimum security and reliability w hile simultaneously offering the highest possible transmission time.

Fig. 25: SWT 2000 F6 teleprotection signal transmission system (stand-a lone version)

Application The SWT 2000 F6 system is for fast and reliable transmission of one or more protection commands and / or special switching functions in power networks. Protection – Prot ect ion com m ands can b e t ransmitted for the protection of tw o three-phase systems or one threephase system w ith individual-phase protection – High -volt age c ircu it-br eakers can b e actuated either in conjunction with selective protection relays or directly s Special sw itching functions – W hen th e s yst em is u sed fo r sp ecial switching functions, it is possible to transm it four signals. Each signal is assigned a priority.

Distance protection

IF 4 CLE

Electrical line connection

s

PU

Annunciations

OM A

Optical line connection

IF 4M PS

Transmission paths Depending on the type of supply network, the following transmission paths can be utilized: s

s s s

High- and medium-voltage overhead lines High- and medium-voltage cables Aerial and buried cables Radio relay links

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Service PC

Alarms

24 ... 60 V dc 110/220 V dc/ac

Fig. 26: Block diagram of the SWT 2000 F6



FWT 2000i telecontrol and data transmission system f or analog/ digital t ransmission links In all areas related t o the telemonitoring of systems, automation technology and the control of decentralized equipment, it must be possible to transmit signals and measured values economically and reliably. The new FWT 2000i System for telecontrol and data transmission can be flexibly used to perform the various transmission tasks involved in system management not only in public utility com panies, railway com panies and refineries, but also in the areas of environmental protection and civil defense, as well as in hydrographic and met eorological services. The following characteristics of the FWT 2000i system make it suitable for meeting users’ special requirements: s

s s s s

Safe operating m ethod around high-voltage system s High degree of reliability and safety Short process cycle times Easy handling Economical use

The FWT 2000i system of fers a variety of modules for the widest possible range of transmission tasks. Thanks to the unlim ited equipping options of the frame, virtually all system variants necessary for operation can be implemented on a customer-specific basis. Universal f or all frequencies and transmission rates up t o 2400 Bd The KS 2000i channel unit accomm odates a transmitter and receiver assembly. All transmission rates from 50 to 2400 Bd can be set in all frequencies within the 30-Hz raster, including in the frequency raster to ITU-T. Transmission in the superimposed frequency band The FWT 2000i System permits transmission in the frequency range from 300 to 7200 Hz. Modularity The modularity of the KS 2000i channel unit is typified by its integration in various other systems, i.e. its use is not limited to the FWT 2000i system. For instance, the channel unit can be integrated in: s The ESB 2000i PLC syste m s The SWT 2000 F6 protection signaling system s Telecontrol system s.

Fig. 27: FWT 2000i telecontrol and data transmission system

Transmitter and receiver as separate modules Separate modules that function only as a receiver or only as a transmitter are available for this operating method. Flexibility By using additional modules t he system can be extended for alternative path switching or transmission of the control frequencies of a multistation control system.

Additional benefits In addition to the system features, the FWT 2000i system provides all users w ith the cost-effective and technical benefits expected and required when this system is used. s

s

Fast and easy fault localization A variety of supervisory facilities and automatic fault signaling systems ensure optimum operation and fault-free transmission of data.

s

Economical stocking of spare parts is possible since, from now on, only one m odule is needed for all rates and frequencies. The system can be placed in service quickly and easily thanks to automatic level adjustment and automatic compensation of distortion. The use of the st ate-of-the-art digital processors and components ensures that the system will have a long service life and a high rate of availability.

Transmission media Suitable transmission media are underground cables, grounding conductor aerial cables, aerial cables on crossarms of pow er line tow ers, PLC/carrier frequency channels via power lines, carrier links, PCM links and Telecom-owned current paths. The overall concept of t he FWT 2000i system meets the stringent demands placed on power supply and distribution networks. The FWT 2000i meets the special requirement s w ith regard to reliable operation and electromagnetic compatibility.


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KS 2000i channel unit The new KS 2000i channel unit is suitable for t ransmission of asynchronous data on analog media and such forms a complete and versatile VFT modem. Both transmitter and receiver are accomodated on only one plug-in card either to be used as stand-alone unit (seperate frame) or to be integrated in ESB 2000i PLC terminal or in remote t erminal unit (RTU). Frequency shift as w ell as transmission speed are independently adjustable. With a maximum transmission speed of up to 2400 Bd the VFT channel approaches applications traditionally realized wit h highspeed modems only. Beside others t he KS 2000i channel unit provides the following features: s High reliability s High flexibility s Easy detection of faults s Excellent transmission characteristics

Fig. 28: KS 2000i c hanne l unit

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Fiber optic communication

The LFH 2000 system Telecommunication requirements in power utilities Electrical link (CU) Fiber-optic link

OLE 2 SWT M UX

O D F

M DF

LWL

34 Mbit/s

Protection

34 Mbit/s

LSA

PABX

Energy management system

Communications network management center

4 x 2 Mbit/s

34 M bit/s

2 M bit/s

4 x 2 Mbit/s

Office

LAN

Communications room

2 Mbit/s

OLE 34 OLE 34

2 Mbit/s

OLE 8

MUX/CC MUX/CC DSMX

MD F PABX

SWT O O D D F F

PABX

34 Mbit/s 4 x 2 M bit/s

4 x 2 M bit/s

4 x 2 M bit/s

Fig. 29: The LFH 2000 fiber optic transmission system – Telecommunication requirements in pow er utilities


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LFH 2000 fiber optic transmission system Flexible netw ork configuration and future communications requirements of private network users, such as power companies, call for universal network elements for transmission in digital communications networks. LFH 2000 has been designed and developed on the basis of extensive experience gained with fiber optic transmission systems in public networks and transmission elements specially developed for such systems. It was tailored to the needs of power companies and other private network users. In its basic version LFH 2000 consists of a 19-inch subrack equipped w ith an optical line terminating unit TRCV2 and a service channel module. Even in its simplest configuration, LFH 2000 offers various types of interfaces for the transmission of speech and data channels such as: s s

s

The incorporation of the SW T 2000 D digital protection data system provides additional functions required for m ost applications in power companies. The basic version can be optionally equipped with service telephone units, optical line terminating units with higher transmission speeds or with other service channel modules so that the system can be conveniently adapted to the individual transmission requirements. Further network elements may be connected t o LFH 2000 via internationally standardized interfaces if the num ber of required channels and the types of interfaces, i.e. the capacity of the system, have to be extended. Depending on the number and type of the transmission interfaces required, LFH 2000 can be expanded by connecting f lexible multiplex systems.

Line interfaces up to 34 Mbit/s So-interface for netw orking digital telephone systems (e.g. Hicom) QD 2-interface for network management

DPU

Digital processor unit

IF4

Interface module for distance protection relays

OM

Optomodule for connection of digital current comparison protection system

PS

Power supply

ST-A

M odule for service telephone w ith DTMF signaling

ST-B

M odule for nondialing service telephone

AUX

Service channel unit

AUX 1+1 Service channel unit w ith protection switching

AUXBUS Bus channel unit TRCV

Optical transceiver

LW L

Optical fiber

DPU

IF 4 or OM

IF 4 or OM

PS

LFH 2000 is provided w ith internationally standardized interfaces so that transmission systems of other manufacturers w hich are also equipped w ith internationally st andardized interf aces can comm unicate w ith LFH 2000. This also makes it possible to combine LFH 2000 with digital transmission system of other manufacturers. The incorporation of LFH 2000 w ith the expansion element e.g. flexible multiplex system into a network hierarchy with differing t ransmission rates as currently planned and implem ented by private netw ork operates can be easily achieved using the compatible network elements available today. The call for a user-friendly netw ork m anagement can be f ulfilled by adding the required hardw are and softw are. LFH 2000 meets the requirements of the power companies and private network operators due to its flexibility, availability of internationally standardized interfaces and compatibility wit h regard to its incorporation into existing private networks.

TRCV 2 or TRCV 8 or TRCV 34

Service telephone ST-A or ST-B

LWL Alarm and event recorder

Distance protection or digital current comparison

OFC (Fiberoptic cables)

TRCV 2 or TRCV 8 or TRCV 34

LWL

AUX or AUX 1+1 or AUX BUS

Telecontrol system PABX

Fig. 30: LFH 2000 fiber optic transmission system

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SWT 2000 D protection signaling system for digital communication links In comparison w ith analog protection signaling the use of digital transmission links provide noise-free com munication. Switching operations, atmospheric conditions and other sources of interference on pow er lines do not impair secure and reliable transmission of protection signals. The SWT 2000 D system for the transmission of prot ection signals on digital transmission links, mainly fiber opt ics, provides optimum security and reliability w hile simultaneously offering the quickest possible transmission speed. Uses SWT 2000 D system is used for fast and secure transmission of one or several independent binary signals for protection and special switching functions in power netw orks and/or the transmission of serial protection data. The system is avaliable in versions for the transmission of protect ion data on separate fibers and on 64 kbit/s PCM channels. As an optimized solution between these two possibilities, the system offers transmission of the protection data in the service channel of an optical line termination system (e. g. OLTS, OLTE 8) which ensures maximum independence of the protection data from voice and data transmission despite the common use of fibers in fiber optic cables.

Fig. 31: SWT 2000 D for flush panel mounting w ith integrated TRCV2 optical line equipment

PCM

2 M bit/s

40/60 V dc

Applications s

s s s

All types of distance protection (permissive tripping, blocking, etc.) Direct transfer tripping Special sw itching functions Digital current comparison protection (differential protection) wit h optical serial interface ≤ 19.2 kBd (e. g. with 7SD511).

TRCV Digital longitudinal differential protection (7SD51)

1300 nm 1500 nm

O.F. 820 nm

n x 64 kbit/s

s

s

s s s s

Up to 8 parallel (binary) commands, bi-directional Up to 2 serial protection data, bi-directional Simultaneous transmission of serial protection data and up to 4 binary protection comm ands High-perform ance microcontroller Permanent self-supervision Automatic loop testing Event recorder with real-time clock (readable via hand-held terminal or PC).

Distance protection

OM

O.F.

X.21/V.11 G.703

DPU

Features s

O.F.

IF 4 Alternative route IF 4 PS

Service PC

24 ... 60 V dc Alarms 110/220 V dc/ac

Fig. 32: Block diagramm SWT 2000 D


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Flexible Mult iplexer (FMX )

User Interfaces

Depending on the number and type of the t ransmission interfaces required, the LFH 2000 optical fiber transmission system can be extended by connecting the flexible multiplex system (FMX). The FMX m ultiplexer is based on a flexible design which is considerably different from normal PCM systems. For term inal operation, it contains a central unit CU, CUAD or CUDI unit and, for branch operation, a CUDI central unit as well as the withdrawable channels. Thanks to the softw are-controlled configuration and parametrization of the m ultiplexers they can be integrated quickly and easily into the network. The 19'' inset has sockets for two central units (CU, CUAD, CUDI), tw elve channel units, a supervision unit and two power supply units.

(see Fig. 33) The LFH 2000 System – overview (see Fig. 34 on page 7 /23)

ISDN Basic access unit I4SO

4x

S0 interface

I4UK4 NTP I4UK4 LTP

4x

U K0 interface, 2B1Q or 4B3T, NT-mode or LT-mode

DSC6-nx64G

6x

n x 64 kbit /s G.703 codirectional or n x 64 kbit /s G.703 contradirectional or centralized clock

DSC2-nx64

2x

X.21or V.24/V.28 bis (switchable)

DSC8x21

8x

X.21/V.11 ≤ 64 kbit/s

DSC4V35 or D SC4V36

4x

V.35 ≤ 64 kbit/s or V.36 ≤ 64 kbit/s Central unit, standard, or central unit f or add/drop operation or central unit for ADPCM

CU or CUDI or CUAD

DSC8V24

8x

V.24/V.28 < 64 kbit/s

DSC104CO

10 x

64 kbit /s G.703 co-directional

SLB62

6x

2-wire LB subscriber

SLX62

6x

Exchange, 2-w ire

SUB62

6x

Subscriber, 2-w ire

SEM 106 or SEM 108

10 x

2-wire NF and 2 E&M or 4-wire NF and 2 E&M

CU or CUDI or CUAD

Central unit, standard, or central unit f or add/drop operation or central unit for ADPCM

Fig. 33: FMX interfaces

7 /22



SDH 155 Mbit/s 2,5 Gbit/s

The LFH 2000 System – Overview

EMOS QD2 Network management system EMS Energy management system

2 Mbit/s

34 Mbit/s

34 Mbit/s

SDH 155/622 Mbit/s

34 Mbit/s

34 Mbit/s

2 Mbit/s

Remote subscriber External and/or internal exchange

4x2 Mbit/s

4x2 Mbit/s

PABX Substation control and protection system

RTU

Data interfaces e.g. X.21, V.24, LAN

Data

V.11

Protection

V.11

Data and voice of PLC links Distance protection or digital current comparison protection

Protection

4 x 2 Mbit/s

34 Mbit/s

Speech four-w ire + E&M Speech four-w ire + E&M V.28 V.28

PABX

Data RTU

Service telephone Speech, two-wire

2 Mbit/s

2 Mbit/s

4 x 2 Mbit/s 4 x 2 Mbit/s

TRCV

SM UQ

PLC n x 64 kbit/s

Service channel

M UX

Cross connect

Fig. 34: The LFH 2000 System – Overview


7 /23


Conclusion The described digital and analog netw ork elements are, of course, only a small selection from t he multitude of netw ork elements which Siemens has on hand for the implementation of transmission networks. We have focused on those products which have been specifically developed for t he transmission of information in power utilities and w hich are indispensable for t he operation of such com panies. It has also been our intention to show the uses for our products and how they can be integrated in transmission networks with varying network elements and network configurations. The great variety of products in the field of digital transmission systems and the different requirements of our customers with regard to the implementation of digital transmission networks make customerspecific planning, advice and selection of network elements an absolute necessity. Detailed descriptions of all products can be sent to you upon request. For further information please contact: Fax: ++ 49-89-7 22-244 53 or + + 4 9 - 8 9 - 7 2 2 -4 19 8 2

7 /24


Power System Control

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