Powe ower r El Elect ectron ronic ics s
Chapter 1 Introduction
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
Outline I.
What is power electronics?
II. The history III. Applications IV. A simple example IV. V. About this course
s c i n o rt c e l E
I.
What is power electronics?
1) e!inition ") #elation with in!ormation electronics $) The inter%isciplinary nature
r e w &) Position an% si'ni!icance in the human society o P
s c i n o rt c e l E
1) efinition Power Electronics( is the electronics applie% to conersion an% control o! electric power. Range of power scale : milliwatts*mW)) milliwatts*mW
r e w o P
me'awatts*+W)) me'awatts*+W
'i'awatts*,W)
A more exact explanation( The primary tas- o! power electronics is to process an% control the !low o! electric ener'y by supplyin' olta'es an% currents in a !orm that is optimally suite% !or user
loa%s.
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
!on"ersion of electric power ther names !or electric power conerter(
Electric
Power input
Power Converter
Power output
Control input
/Power conerter /Conerter /0witchin' conerter /Power electronic circuit /Power electronic conerter
Two types o! electric power
Chan'eable properties in conersion
C*irect Current)
+a'nitu%e
AC *Alternatin' Current)
re2uency3 ma'nitu%e3 number o! phases number
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
!lassification of power con"erters Power input
Power output
C
AC
AC
AC to AC conerter AC to C conerter * ixe% !re2uency ( AC controller *#ecti!ier) Variable !re2uency( Cycloconerter or !re2uency conerter)
C
C to C conerter *Chopper)
C to AC conerter *Inerter)
s c i n o rt c e l E
Power electronic s#stem ,eneric structure o! a power electronic system Power
Power input
Converter
Power output
Control input ee%!orwar%4ee%bac-
Controller
ee%bac-4ee%!orwar%
r * measurements o! input * measurements o! output si'nals ) esi'nals ) #e!erence w *comman%in') o Control is inariably re2uire% . P Power conerter alon' with its controller inclu%in' the correspon%in' measurement an% inter!ace circuits3 is also calle% power electronic system.
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
$#pical power sources an% loa%s for a power electronic s#stem 0ource
Power input Vi
ii
/Electric utility /battery /other electric ener'y source /power conerter
Power Conerter Conerter
Power Power output io
ee%bac-4 ee% !orwar%
Controller #e!erence
Vo
5oa% /Electric +otor /li'ht /heatin' /power conerter /other electric or electronic e2uipme
The tas- o! power electronics has been recently exten%e% to also ensurin' the currents an% power consume% by power conerters an% loa%s to meet the re2uirement o! electric ener'y sources.
s c i n o rt c e l E
() Relation with information electronics A !lassification of electronics &# processing o&'ect Electronics
In!ormation electronics( to process process in!ormation Power electronics(
to process electric power
Other classifications of electronics
r Electronics e w o P Electronics
Vacuum electronics( Vacuum electronics( usin' acuum %eices3 %eices3 e.'3 acuum tubes %eices 0oli% *0oli% *0oli% state) electronics( usin' soli% state %eices3 e.'3 semicon%uctor %eices Physical electronics( physics3material3!abrication3 an% manu!acturin' o! electronic %eices Applie% electronics( application o! electronic %eices to arious areas
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
) $he inter%isciplinar# nature William E. *ewell+s %escription %escript %escriptiion on p o 0 t a Power s Electronics i w t t i c e u r 6 c r e r i c 2 o 3 u t s i a t e p c m i i n Power ) e ' e n Electronics t Continuous3 %iscrete
!ontrol
Power electronics is the inter!ace between electronics an% power.
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
Relation with multiple %isciplines 0ystems 6 Control theory
0i'nal processin'
Circuit theory Electric machines
0imulation 6 computin'
Power electronics electronics
Power systems
Electronics
0oli% state physics Electroma'netics
Power electronics is currently the most actie %iscipline in electric power en'ineerin' worl%wi%e .
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
,) Position an% significance in the human societ# Electric power is use% in almost eery aspect an% eerywhere o! mo%ern human society. Electric power is the ma7or !orm o! ener'y source use% in mo%ern human society. The ob7ectie o! power electronics is exactly about how to use electric power3 an% how to use it e!!ectiely an% e!!iciently3 an% how to improe the 2uality an% utili8ation o! electric power. Power electronics an% in!ormation electronics electronics ma-e two poles o! mo%ern technolo'y an% human society99 in!ormation electronics is the brain3an% power electronics is the muscle.
s c i n o rt c e l E
II.
$he histor# Inention o! Thyristor
+ercury arc recti!ier Vacuum/tube recti!ier Thyratron
r 1:<< e w o P
Applicat Applica ion o! !ast/switchin' !ully/controlle% semicon%uctor %eices Power %io%e Thyristor
1:>=
Pre/history
,T ,T# Power +0ET Thyristor *microprocessor)
I,T Power +0ET Thyristor late 1:;
mi% 1:=
1st phase
"n% phase
$r% phase
The threa% o! the power electronics history precisely !ollows an% matches the brea-/throu'h an% eolution o! power electronic %eices
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
III. Applications Applications In%ustrial Transportation @tility systems Power supplies !or all -in%s o! electronic e2uipment #esi%ential an% home appliances 0pace technolo'y ther applications
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
In%ustrial applications +otor %ries Electrolysis Electroplatin' In%uction heatin' Wel%in' Arc !urnaces an% oens 5i'htin'
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
$ransportation applications Trains 6 locomoties 0ubways Trolley buses +a'netic leitation Electric ehicles Automotie electronics el ectronics electronics 0hip power systems Aircra!t power systems sy stems systems
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
-tilit# s#stems applications i'h/olta'e %c transmission*VC) lexible ac transmission*ACT0) t ransmission*ACT0) 0tatic ar compensation 6 harmonics suppression( TC#3 T0C3 0V,3 AP Custom power 6 power 2uality control 0upplemental ener'y sources ( win%3 photooltaic3 !uel cells Ener'y stora'e systems
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
Power supplies for electronic euipment Telecommunications Computers !!ice e2uipment
serer
computer
Electronic instruments Portable or mobile electronics $elecommunication
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
Resi%ential an% home appliances 5i'htin' eatin' Air con%itionin' con%iti onin' con%itionin' #e!ri'eration 6 !ree8ers Coo-in' Cleanin' Entertainin'
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
Applications in space technolog# 0paceship power systems 0atellite power systems 0pace ehicle power systems
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
Other applications Buclear reactor control Power systems !or particle accelerators Enironmental en'ineerin'
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
$ren%s It is estimate% that in %eelope% countries now
Power electronics has been ma-in' ma7or contributions to( //better per!ormance o! power supplies an% better control o! electric e2uipment //ener'y sain' //enironment protection
re%uction o! ener'y consumption lea%s to less pollution pollution re%uction o! pollution pro%uce% pro%uce% by power conerters %irect applications applications to enironment protection technolo'y technolo'y
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
I/. I/. A simple example A simple example simple %c/%c conerter example
Input source(1<
<
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
issipati"e reali0ation #esistie olta'e %ii%er
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
issipati"e reali0ation 0eries pass re'ulator( transistor operates in actie re'ion
s c i n o rt c e l E
-se of a P$ switch
r e w o P
0PT( 0in'le pole %ouble throw
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
$he switch changes the %c "oltage le"el
s c i n o rt c e l E
A%%ition of low pass filter A%%ition o! *i%eally lossless lossless)) 5/C low/pass !ilter !ilter33 !or remoal o! switchin' harmonics(
r e w o P Choose !ilter cuto!! !re2uency Choose !re2uency f 0 much smaller than switchin' !re2uency f s This circuit is -nown as the buc- conerterF This
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
A%%ition of control s#stem for regulation of output "oltage
s c i n o rt c e l E
r e w o P
2a'or issues in power electronics ow to meet the re2uirement o! the loa% or 'ain better control o! the loa% ow to improe the e!!iciency //!or reliable operation o! power semicon%uctor %eices //!or ener'y sain' ow to reali8e power conersion with less olume3 less wei'ht3 an% less cost ow to re%uce ne'atie in!luence to other e2uipment in the electric power system an% to the electroma'netic enironment
