INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL ESCUELA NACIONAL DE CIENCAS BIOLOGICAS INGENIERO BIOQUIMICO FISICOQUIMICA
PRACTICA 6 REFRACTOMETRIA ALUMNA: RAMIREZ VILLALOBOS NANCY STEPHANY GRUPO:2IV1 FECHA:04/ab!"/201#
OBJETIVO
C$%&'()' '" *$(*'&+$ )' ,()!*' )' '-a**!.( Ma(!&"a '" '-a*+.%'+$ )' Abb' D'+'%!(a '" ,()!*' )' '-a**!.( )' a!a +a(*!a
FUNDAMENTO TEORICO E" -'(.%'($ )' '-a**!.( *$(!+' '( "a )'!a*!.( )' +a'*+$!a 3' -' ( a5 )' a)!a*!.( %$($*$%6+!*a 7"5 -$%a)a &$ *$%&$('(+' )' ( $"$ *$"$ "a *a" +!'(' (a $"$ "$(8!+) )' $()a9 A (!'" %$"'*"a '+' -'(.%'($ ' )'b' a "a !(+'a**!.( '(+' '" *a%&$ )' a)!a*!.( )' "$ '"'*+$(' )' "a %$";*"a< $!8!(6()$' +'%&$a"%'(+' %$%'(+$ )!&$"a' !()*!)$ D'b!)$ a '+$ ' *%&"' (a '"a*!.( *$($*!)a *$%$ "a "' )' S('"" "a *a" )'=(' '" ""a%a)$ ,()!*' )' '-a**!.( >(? *$%$: n=
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MATERIAL • • •
• • • • •
1 b'+a R'-a*+.%'+$ )' Abb' a$ )' &'*!&!+a)$ )' 0 %" &!&'+a Pa+' 1 &!'+a
1 b'+a S$&$+' (!'a" P!(5a &aa b'+a
REACTIVOS
E+a($" A8a )'+!"a)a A*'+$(a M'+a($" H'Ja($ S+a(*!a K 7T$(aa9
PROCEDIMIENTO Determinación de la relación ndice de re!racción" c#ncentración
P'&a' "a !8!'(+' '!' )' $"*!$('
2 4 # S#l$ci 1 ón A8a 2 22 212 200 1 1 10 12 7%"9 E+a($" 12 2 0 #2 100 12
7%"9
D'+'%!(a '" ,()!*' )' '-a**!.( )' *a)a (a )' "a $"*!$(' a(+'!$' +!"!5a()$ '" '-a*+.%'+$ )' Abb'
M$)$ )' $ Ab! '" &!%a F$+a a%ba *aa *$( &a&'" ab$b'(+'
U(a '5 "!%&!a '*a !(+$)*! "a *a(+!)a) 3' ' )''a )' "a $"*!.( a %')! '*$)a()$ 3' '+' ' ( 'J&'!%'(+$ *a"!+a+!$ ($ !%&$+a "a *a(+!)a) 3' ' +!"!*'
C'a '" &!%a G!a '" &!%a a+a (a )'"!('a*!.( b!'( )'=(!)a '(+' '" *a%&$ *"a$ $*$ *$( "a !(+''**!.( )' "$ !"$ '(+'*5a)$
E-'*+a "a "'*+a )'" ,()!*' )' '-a**!.(
Ab! '" &!%a "!%&!a a'%'(+' *$( &a&'" ab$b'(+'< '&'+! '" &$*')!%!'(+$ &aa "a )'%6 $"*!$('
C$( "$ '"+a)$ $b+'(!)$ *$(+a (a 86-!*a )' *$(+a "a *$(*'(+a*!.( )' '+a($" '( "a $"*!.( '( I(+'&'+a *$(*"!
Determinación de la c#ncentración de $na %$%tancia de%c#n#cida de etan#l &%$%tancia '() R'&'+! '" &$*')!%!'(+$ a(+'!$ +!"!5a()$ (a %'+a )' "a +a(*!a &$&$*!$(a)a &$ "a &$-'$a
Determinación del ndice de re!racción de %$%tancia% *$ra%) '&'+! '" &$*')!%!'(+$ a(+'!$ +!"!5a()$ )' %'+a "a +a(*!a &$&$*!$(a)a &$ "a &$-'$a
DATOS E'PERIMENTALES Tabla 1 índice de refracción de agua y etanol
A+$a ml
Etan#l ml
2 22 212 200 1 1 10 12
12 2 0 #2 100 12
•
, &ndice de re!racción( 14 1 141 14 14# 14 1# 1
M')!*!$(' '*a &$ %! '3!&$
S' $b'a 3' %!'(+a %a )!$"'(+' %'($ *a(+!)a) )' a8a &$'a "a $"*!.( '" ,()!*' !a *'*!'()$ &$&$*!$(a"%'(+' E( "a "+!%a "'*+a ' &')' *$$b$a a 3' a" +'(' "a %!+a) )' a8a $"*!.( '" ,()!*' %')!)$ ' a*'*a !8(!-!*a+!a%'(+' a" ,()!*' +'.!*$ 1#1 Tabla 2 índice de refracción de la sustancia x
S$%tancia ' E3!&$ 1 E3!&$ 2 E3!&$
, 14 14 14#
E( '" *a$ )' "a +a(*!a K '" a"$ '&$+a)$ )' a"*$$" '( "a b$+'""a ' )'" 24 &'$ ($$+$ '(*$(+a%$ 3' ' %*$ %a$ 3' '$ )6()$($ ( &$%')!$ )' 4 '(+' "$ '3!&$ 3' %')!%$ ,()!*' )' '-a**!.( a"8$ ( &$*$ !%&'!$(a(+' )'b$ )'*! a 3' %!'(+a "a b$+'""a '&$+a 3' &$ 1"+ )' &$)*+$ a, 240 %" )' a"*$$"< ($$+$ '(*$(+a%$ *a! '" )$b"' '( ;" Tabla 3 índice de refracción de sustancias puras
S$%tancia A*'+$(a %'+a($" 'Ja($
, 14 141 1
()!*' )' '-a**!$(' +'.!*$ A*'+$(a1# M'+a($"12 H'Ja($1 A" *$%&aa "$ ,()!*' $b+'(!)$ *$( "$ +'.!*$ ($ &$)'%$ &'*a+a 3' '" (!*$ a"$ 3' a,a !8(!=*a+!a%'(+' ' '" %'+a($" '+$ &')' ' )'b!)$ a )!+!(+$ -a*+$' '( "$ )$ '+a(+' ' a&'*!a 3' "a )!-''(*!a ' +a"'5 )' a"8(a );*!%a '( '" *a$ )' "a a*'+$(a %!'(+a 3' '( '" *a$ )'" 'Ja($ "a %')!*!.( -' ba+a(+' &'*!a a+!-a*+$!a
SECUENCIA DE C-LCULO Paa *a)a ($ )' "$ )a+$ $b+'(!)$ '( "a +ab"a 1 ' ""'a6 a *ab$ "$ !8!'(+' *6"*"$ &aa '(*$(+a '" )' *$(*'(+a*!.(
1 Ob+'(*!.( )'" $"%'( +$+a" V TOTAL =V ETANOL + V AGUA
V TOTAL=1.2 + 23.8 =25
2 Ob+'(*!.( )'" &$*'(+a' )' *$(*'(+a*!.( )'" '+a($" %Etanol=
%Etanol=
V ETANOL V TOTAL 1.2 25
× 100
× 100= 4.8
Tabla 4 Índice de refracción VS % de concentración
, &ndice de re!racción( . de c#ncentración 14 4 1 10 141 12 14 20 14# 24 14 0 1# 40 1 0 A" *a"*"a "a *$(*'(+a*!$(' ' &')' $b'a 3' '+a ' &$&$*!$(a" a" ,()!*' )' '-a**!.( )' "a $"*!.( 3' %')!%$ /RAFICAS
, 0% . de c#ncentraci#n 1# 1# 1 1 Indice de re!racci#n&,( 14 14 1 1 12 0
10
20
0
40
0
#0
. de c#ncentraci#n
La 8a=*a $b+'(!)a %'+a 3' a %a$ *$(*'(+a*!.( '" ,()!*' a%'(+a< "$ *a" '&a")a "$ a(+'!$%'(+' )!*$ '( "a +ab"a 4: >la concentración es proporcional al índice de refracción” A)'%6 )' %$+a *!'+$ *$%&$+a%!'(+$ "!('a"
Ga=*a '(*$(+a)a '( $+a &a*+!*a
!lustración 1 gra"ca índice de refracción VS % de concentración
Comparación de grafcas
E(+' ('+a 8a=*a 'a"!5a)a "a '(*$(+a)a ' &')' a&'*!a "a +'()'(*!a "!('a" )' a%ba< a" %!%$ +!'%&$ ' !8' $+'(!'()$ ('+a $b'a*!.( '*a '( "a +ab"a 4
CONCLUSIONES E" $ )'" '-a*+.%'+$ ' '"a+!a%'(+' '(*!""$ ($ *'+a +aba$ '(+'()' -(*!$(a%!'(+$< 8a*!a a '""$ ' &)$ )'+'%!(a 8a+a%'(+' )' %a('a 'J&'!%'(+a" +$)$ "$ ,()!*' )' '-a**!.( )' "a &6*+!*a "$ *a"' )'&; -'$( *$%&aa%$ *$( "$ '&$+a)$ '( +ab"a +'.!*a D' "$ )!*$ '( '" -()a%'(+$ +'.!*$ $"$ &)!%$ *$%&$ba 3' "a *$(*'(+a*!.( ' &$&$*!$(a" a" ,()!*' )' '-a**!.( a 3' ! '+a a%'(+a '" ,()!*' +a%b!;( "$ a*' "$ *a" a" %$%'(+$ )' +ab"a "$ )a$ ($ )a (a 86=*a *$( +'()'(*!a "!('a" E" )a+$ %6 !(+''a(+' a 'a"+a '+a &6*+!*a ' '" )' "a +a(*!a K a 3' '( '" ($ $"$ *$%&$ba%$ 3' "$ '(a' '(8aa( ! ($ +a%b!;( '(*$(+a%$ (a a&"!*a*!.( a "a '-a*+$%'+!a a 3' &')' ' +!"!5a)a '( "a
)'+'%!(a*!.( )' '+a($" '( (a b'b!)a a"*$."!*a a)'%6 )' $+$ $
BIBLIO/RAFIA 1tt*)22e%3%lide%1are3net241#an%#n2determinacin"de" etan#l"en"$na"5e5ida"alc#1lica"*#r"re!ract#metra"" de"%acar#%a"en"a7car"*#r"*#larimetra"89:66;6< 1tt*)22cam*$%3$%al3e%2=>$im?%2a*##2Carmen2Practi ca%2PracticaRe!ract#metria3PDF 1tt*)22@@@3m#n#+ra?a%3c#m2tra5a4#%<2re!ract#met ria2re!ract#metria83%1tml ?le)222C)2U%er%2LUM'''2D#@nl#ad%29::"9<:"" PB3*d!
