RPP Resistor

XCKDEKE PCAEJTEKEEK PCNHCAEFEXEK ,XPP-

Kene Tcjgael

6 TNJ +++

Nere Bmjaer

6 Rcjkmj Esbmg Ymbmg

Jcaet'Tcnctrcx

6 M , ters - ' MM ,bse-

Jgnpcrcktm

6 Pckocrelsek Betex Cacjrxgkmj 

Jgnpcrcktm Betex

6 Jgnpgkck Cacjrxgkmje ,Xctmtrgx-

Eagjetm _ejrs

6 40 nckmr

Mkbmjergx

6 5+ Nckfcaetjek Nckfcaetjek pckocxrmek xctmtrgx bek Iskotm Xctmtrgx  Xctmtrgx  8+ Ncksamtjek neden — neden xctmtrgx bek tmnhgak}e 4+ Nckfcaetjek dexe ncnhede jgbc wexke xctmtrgx  2+ Ncksamtjek dexe nckosjsx xctmtrgx+

5+ Rsfsek Pcnhca Pcnhcaefexek efexek++

5+ Tmtwe beper nckfcaetjek pckocxrmek xctmtrgx bek iskotm xctmtrgx  8+ Tmtwe beper ncksamtjek neden — neden xctmtrgx bek tmnhgak}e 4+ Tmtwe beper nckfcaetjek dexe ncnhede jgbc wexke xctmtrgx  2+ Tmtwe beper ncksamtjek dexe nckosjsx xctmtrgx 

8+ Nercxm Pgjgj+  E+ Pckocxrm Pckocxrmek ek Bek Iskotm Xctmt Xctmtrgx  rgx  Xctmtrgx ebeael jgnpgkck betex cacjrxgkmje }eko bmoskejek skrsj ncnheretm fsnael exst }eko nckoeamx beaen ters xekojemek+ Tctsem bckoek kenek}e xctmtrgx hcxtmier xctmtrmi bek snsnk}e rcxhser bexm helek jexhgk + Bexm lsjsn Gln bmjcrelsm! xctmtrektm hcxhekbmko rcxheamj  bckoek fsnael exst }eko nckoeamx ncaeasmk}e+ Tersek xctmtrektm bexm tsers xctmtrgx bmtchsr Gln eres bmaenhekojek bckoek tmnhga ℩ ,Gncoe-+

Iskotm Xctmtrgx6 • Nckoersx eres ncnheretm hctexk}e jser jser exst }eko acwer pebe tsers xekojemek+ • Ncnheom rcoekoek pebe tsers xekojemek tclmkooe bmpcxgacl tsers rcoekoek }eko hctexk}e tctsem bckoek jchsrslek+

Jgbcc wex Jgb wexke ke rcxt rcxtchs chsrr ebe ebeael ael trek trekbex bex nek neksie siejrs jrsxx }ek }eko o bmj bmjcas casexje exjek k gac gacl l CME ,Cac ,Cacdrxg drxgkmd kmd Mkbstrxmct Ettgdmermgk- tcpcxrm }eko bmrskfsjjek pebe rehca hcxmjsr+

Xctmt Xc tmtrek rektm tm bmh bmhed edee be bexm xm we wexk xkee oc ocae aeko ko }e }eko ko pe peamk amko o bc bcpek pek jc exe exel l oc ocaek aeko o rg rgacx acxekt ektmm  hcxwexke  hcxwe xke dgjaer! ncxel! cnet eres pcxej+ Hmetek} Hmetek}ee wexke ocaeko rgacxektm mkm hcxebe pebe  hebek xctmtrgx xctmtrgx }eko peamko peamko pgfgj pgfgj eres fsoe bckoek bckoek achex }eko }eko achml nckgkfga! nckgkfga! tcbekoje tcbekojek k wexke ocaeko }eko pcxrene eoej tcbmjmr jc beaen+

Fsnael ocaeko }eko ncamkojex pebe xctmtrgx snsnk}e tctsem bckoek hctex rgacxektmk}e+ Hmetek}e xctmtrgx bckoek rgacxektm 3#! 50# eres 80# ncnmamjm 4 ocaeko ,rmbej rcxnetsj ocaeko rgacxektm-+ Rcrepm xctmtrgx bckoek rgacxektm 5# eres 8# ,rgacxektm jcdma- ncnmamjm 2 ocaeko ,rmbej rcxnetsj ocaeko rgacxektm-+ Ocaeko pcxrene bek tcrcxstk}e hcxrsxsr.rsxsr nckskfsjjek  hctex kmaem kmaem tersek! tersek! bek ocaeko ocaeko rcxejlmx rcxejlmx ebeael ebeael iejrgx iejrgx pckoeamk}e+ pckoeamk}e+

 H+ Fckmt Fckmt — Fckmt Fckmt Xctmtrgx Xctmtrgx Bek Bek Tmnhgak Tmnhgak}e }e 5-+ Hcxbetexjek helek pcnhserk}e6 xctmtrgx jexhgk! xctmtrgx fckmt iman! bek xctmtrgx fckmt amamr jewer ,wmxcwgskb xctmtrgx-

e+ Xctmtrgx jexhgk6 Xctmtrg Xct mtrgxx jexh jexhgk gk rcxh rcxhser ser bex bexmden mdenpsx psxek ek jexh jexhgk gk bek hel helekm ekmtgae tgaergx rgx++ Kma Kmaem em len lenher herekk} ekk}ee rcxoekrsko pebe pcxhekbmkoekdenpsxek ekrexe jcbse helek mrs+ Pebe teer mkm xctmtrgx  jexhgk fexeko bmoskejek jexcke ncnmamjm tmiertmier }eko jsxeko hemj+

 h+ Xctmtrgx Xctmtrgx iman6 Xctmtrgx fckmt iman rcxbmxm eret 8 fckmt6 xctmtrgx iman jexhgk bek xctmtrgx iman agoen+ •

Xctmtrgx iman jexhgk peamko hek}ej bmoskejek+ Rcxhser bexm jexhgk }eko bmaepmtjek  pebe hereko hereko mtgaergx! mtgaergx! bek bek kmaem lenhere lenherekk}e kk}e bmrckrsj bmrckrsjek ek gacl rchea tcxre tcxre pekfeko aepmtek jexhgk pebe hereko jcxenmj+ Skrsj kmaem lenherek }eko rmkoom!aepmtek jexhgk bmhser  hcxhckrsj  hcxhck rsj tpmxea+ tpmxea+

Xctmtrg Xc tmtrgxx iman ago agoen en rcx rcxhser hser bex bexmm ago agoen en rcxrc rcxrckrs krs tcp tcpcxrm cxrm kmj kmjca ca }ek }eko o bma bmaepmt epmtjek jek peb pebee

•

tchereko jcxenmj+ Xctmtrgx mkm hek}ej bmoskejek pebe eaer.eaer cacjrxgkmje }eko ncncxasjek jcrcamrmek rmkoom tcpcxrm pebe xekojemek eaer.eaer sjsx+

Oenhex hckrsj xctmtrgx iman agoen d+

Xctm Xc tmtr trgx gx wmx mxcw cwgs gskb kb66 Xctmtrg Xct mtrgxx mkm rcxh rcxhser ser bexm jewer kmjc kmjcamk amk eres nekoekmk nekoekmk }ek }eko o bma bmamamrj mamrjek ek peb pebee hel helek ek jcxenmj eres pgxtcamk+ Jcnenpsek nckcxmne be}e bexm xctmtrgx mkm achml rmkoom bexm xctmtrgx iman jexhgk nespsk xctmtrgx iman agoen bek beper nckdepem hchcxepe xerst werr+

Oenhex hckrsj xctmtrgx wmxcwgskb

8-+ Hcxbetexjek kmaem lenherekk}e6 xctmtrgx rcrep! xctmtrgx yexmehca e+ Xctmtrgx Rcrep Ncxspejek xctmtrgx }eko kmaemk}e rcrep+

Oenhex hckrsj xctmtrgx rcrep

Oenhex tmnhga xctmtrgx rcrep

 h+ Xctmtrgx Xctmtrgx Yexmehca Yexmehca Xctmtrgx yexmehca Ncxspejek xctmtrgx }eko ncnmamjm kmaem rmbej rcrep+ Xctmtrgx mkm

beper

 hcxspe wmxcwg wmxcwgskb skb eres eres jexhgk+ jexhgk+

Oenhex xctmtrgx yexmehca fckmt wmxc wgskb

Oenhex hckrsj xctmtrgx yexmehca fckmt jexhgk

Oenhex tmnhga xctmtrgx yexmehca 4-+ Hcxbetexjek pckogkrxgak}e pckogkrxgak}e xctmtrgx yexmehca bmheom nckfebm nckfebm 6 fckmt jgkrxga jgkrxga octcx bek jgkrxga psrex+ e+ Fckmt jgkrxga octcx 

Oenhex hckrsj xctmtrgx yexmehca fckmt jgkrxga psrex 

oenhexx bmeret ebeael pgrcktmg ncrcx oenhe ncrcx jcdma ,rxmnncxpgrcktmgn ,rxmnncxpgrcktmgncrcx crcx > rxmnpgr-+ Kmaem xctmtrektm yexmehca bmpcxgacl bmekrexe jejm rckoel bckoek teael ters jejm pebe sfsko jmxm'jek jmxm 'jekek!t ek!tcbe cbekoj kojek ek bm ekre ekrexe xe sfs sfsko. ko.sfs sfsko ko jej jejmm jek jekek ek bek jmxm kmae kmaemm xctm xctmtrek trektmk} tmk}ee jgktrek

 h+ Fckmt jgkrxg jgkrxgaa psrex 

Oenhex hckrsj xctmtrgx yexmehca fckmt jgkrxga psrex  Oenhex bmeret ebeael pgrcktmgncrcx }eko bmackojepm bckoek bckoek tejaex GK.GII! GK.GII! xctmtrgx  mkm }eko hcxiskotm skrsj ncnheom rcoekoek! sfsko.sfskok}e bmpeteko pexeaca bckoek tsnhcx rcoekoek+

2-+ Xctmtrgx bcjebc Pebe xctmtrgx bcjebc mkm! rcxbeper 3 hsel pcnsrex }ejkm6 • Pcnsrex tersek6 X>5 gln t+b+ = gln • Pcnsrex psaslek6 X>50 t+b+ =0 gln • Pcnsrex xerstek6 X>500 t+b+ =00 gln • Pcnsrex xmhsek6 X>5000 t+b+ =000 gln • Pcnsrex psaslek xmhs6 X>50000 t+b+ =0000 gln Jcamne pcnsrex rcxtchsr bmlshskojek tcdexe tcxm+ Bckoek 3 pcnsrex rcxtchsr xctmtrgx  nenps nck}cbmejek kmaem xctmtrektm 5 t+b+ ===== gln+ Dgkrgl6 fmje jc amne rgnhga nckskfsj ekoje 8! neje kmaem xctmtrektmk}e ebeael 88888 gln+

Oenhex fckmt xctmtrgx bcjebc

3-+ Xlcgtrer+ Xctmtrg Xct mtrgxx mkm hcx hcxisko iskotm tm skr skrsj sj ncn ncnher heretm etm exst exst!! bmpe bmpeteko teko tcxm bck bckoek oek tsn tsnhcx hcx rco rcoeko ekoek ek bek hchek+

9-+ ABX ,amolr bcpckbckr xctmtrgx-6 ABX ebeael xctmtrgx }eko kmaem lenherekk}e rcxoekrsko pebe mkrcktmret dele}e+

Tmnhga ABX  ?-+ Xctmtrgx Rcxoekrsko Tsls6 Rcxbeper bse fckmt xctmtrgx mkm }ejkm KRD ,kcoermyc rcnpcxersxc dgciimdmckr- bek PRD ,pgtmrmyc rcnpcxersxc dgciimdmckr-+

Tmnhga xctmtrgx rcxoekrsko tsls

D+ Dexe Ncnhede Jgbc _exke Pebe Xctmtrgx   Kmaem xctmtrektm xctmtrektm xctmtrgx xctmtrgx rcrep bmhede bmhede bckoek bckoek nckoo nckooskejek skejek jgbc wexke+ wexke+

Pmre'dmkdmk E6 E6 ekoje M! pmre'dmkdmk H6 ekoje MM! pmre'dmkdmk D6 pckoeam! bek pmre'dmkdmk

B6

rgacxektm ,cnet6 3#! pcxej6 50#-+  Kmaem bexm wexke }eko rcxbeper pebe pmre E! H! D! bek B rcxtchsr bmtefmjek pebe rehca jgbc wexke hcxmjsr mkm+

Dgkrgl6 Hcxepe kmaem lenherek bexm xctmtrgx hcxmjsr mkm% Jgbc rcxtchsr bmhede bckoek dexe 6

. Pmre E 6 dgjcaer! hcxexrm ekoje M > 5 . Pmre H 6 lmren! hcxexrm ekoje MM > 0 . Pmre D 6 ncxel! hcxexrm pckoeam > |500 . Pmre B 6 cnet! hcxexrm rgacxektm > 3#

Febm! kmaem xctmtrektm xctmtrgx rcxtchsr ebeael6 . X > ,50 |500-℩3# . X > 5000℩,3# |5000- ℩ . X > 5000℩,30- ℩

 B+ Dexe Dexe Nckosjs Nckosjsxx Xctmtrgx  Xctmtrgx  Dexee nck Dex nckosj osjsx sx xctm xctmtrg trgxx }emr }emrs s 6 Rcn Rcnperj perjek ek pgt pgtmtm mtm teja tejaex ex pcn pcnmaml maml jce jcexel xel }ek }eko o hcx hcxrekb rekbee ℩!pmaml fekojesek 50J+ Lshskojek jcbse pckdgagj! ersx eoex fexsn nckskfsj pebe ekoje 0 tchcael tchc ael jek jekek+ ek+Ls Lshsk hskoje ojek k jcb jcbse se pck pckdga dgagj gj bck bckoek oek sfs sfsko.s ko.sfsk fsko o xctm xctmtrgx trgx++ Hed Hedee pck pckskf skfsje sjek k  fexsn glnn glnncrcx crcx pebe tjeae! bek jeamjek kmaemk} kmaemk}ee bckoe bckoek k fekoje fekojesek sek }eko bmpmaml+ Fmje fexsn nckskfsj rcxaeas jc jekek! exeljek tejaex pcnmaml jc fekojesek }eko achml xckbel+ Mkoer! tcrmep ncnmkbel pcnmaml jc fekojesek hexs aejsjek aekojel nckgajek tcpcxrm oenhex 5 bek 8 bmhewel mkm+

Oenhex 5

Oenhex 8

4+ Ncrgbc pcnhcaefexek+ 5+ Dcxenel 8+ Rek}e Feweh 4+ Bcngktrxetm 2+ Cyeasetm

2+ Jcomerek Pcnhcaefexek e+ Jcomerek ewea 5+ Teaen Pcnhsje+ 8+ Nckooeam pcnelenek ewea tmtwe rckreko xctmtrgx+ 4+ Nckoexeljek tmtwe jcnercxm pgjgj xctmtrgx+ 2+ Ncngrmyetm tmtwe skrsj ncnpcaefexm rckreko xctmtrgx+  h+ jcomerek jcomerek mkrm 5+ Pxgtcbsx Pcnhcaefexek 

Rek}e Rek }e fewe feweh h nck nckock ockem em xctm xctmtrgx trgx bek nck nckoem oemrje rjek k bck bckoe oek k ner nercxm cxm }ek }eko o rcae rcael l

bmnmajm pctcxre bmbmj tchcasnk}e+ 

Osxs ncnpcxamlerjek neden — neden xctmtrgx+



Ncnhcxm pckfcaetek pebe nercxm pgjgj tenpem rskret+



Ncnhcxm Ncnhc xm jctcn jctcnperek perek jcpebe pctcxre bmbmj skrsj hcxrek}e rckreko nercxm }eko

rcael bmefexjek fmje hcasn pelen+ 

Osxs ncnhcxmjek cyeasetm skrsj nckocrelsm tcfesl neke pcnelenek pctcxre

bmbmj rcxlebep nercxm }eko bmhcxmjek+ 8+ Pcnhckrsjek Jgnpcrcktm 

Nckockea bek ncnelenm rckreko xctmtrgx bckoek ncnpcxlermjek hckrsj — 

 hckrsj bexm xctmtrgx+ xctmtrgx+ 

Ncnhckrsj xekojsnek nercxm+

4+ Jcomerek Ejlmx  

Skrsj Ncnhckrsj bek ncnekrepjek pckoseteek nercxm }eko bmhcxmjek

jcpebe pctcxre bmbmj beper bmaejsjek bckoek pcnhcxmek rsoet+ 

Pckmaemek bckoek rct amtek nespsk rcxrsamt+

3+ Tsnhcx Hcaefex Tsnhcx hcaefex }eko bmoskejek beaen pcnhcaefexek mkm ebeael 6  

Hsjs ngbsa }eko xcacyek+

Osxs }eko hcxjgnpcrck tcheoem kexe tsnhcx+

9+ Cyeasetm e+ Pxgtcbsx cyeasetm 

Pebe Pe be he heom omek ek mk mkmm os osxs xs nc ncae aejs jsje jek k pc pckm kmae aeme mek k ig igxn xner ermi mi sk skrs rsj j nc ncko kocr crel elsm sm

 pckocrelsek  pckoc relsek tmtwe tmtwe beaen beaen hckrsj hckrsj tgea tgea ctte}

 h+ Pcxrek}eek Pcxrek}eek 5+ Fcaetjek pckocxrmek xctmtrgx 7 8+ Rsamtjek iskotm bexm xctmtrgx 7 4+ Rsamtjek neden — neden xctmtrgx hctcxre tmnhgak}e 7 2+ Rsamtjek kmaem xctmtrgx bmhewel mkm xctmtrgx 7 e+ ncxel! ncxel! jskmko! cnet h+ lmfes! dgjaer! lmren! cnet d+ skos! hmxs! gxekoc! cnet 3+ Fcaetjek dexe nckosjsx xctmtrgx hemj eres rmbej 7 d+ Jskdm fewehek 5+ Xctmtrgx ebeael jgnpgkck betex cacjrxgkmje }eko bmoskejek skrsj ncnheretm fsnael exst }eko nckoeamx beaen ters xekojemek 8+ Iskotm xctmtrgx ebeael • Nckoersx eres ncnheretm hctexk}e jser jser exst }eko acwer pebe tsers xekojemek+ • Ncnheom rcoekoek pebe tsers xekojemek tclmkooe bmpcxgacl tsers rcoekoek }eko  hctexk}ee tctsem bckoek  hctexk} bckoek jchsr jchsrslek+ slek+ 4+ Neden — neden xctmtrgx ebeael 6 5-+ Hcxbetexjek helek pcnhserk}e 8-+ Hcxbetexjek kmaem lenherekk}e 4-+ Hcxbetexjek pckogkrxgak}e 2-+ Xctmtrgx bcjebc 3-+ Xlcgtrer+ 9-+ ABX ,amolr bcpckbckr xctmtrgx-6 ?-+ Xctmtrgx Rcxoekrsko Tsls 2+ Kmaem xctmtrgxk}e ebeael 6 e+ 880+000 gln µ 3 #  h+ 35 gln µ 3 # d+ ?9+000 gln µ 3 # 3+ Dexe nckocrelsm hemj rmbejk}e xctmtrgx }emrs 6

Dexe De xe nc ncko kosj sjsx sx xct xctmtr mtrgx gx }e }emrs mrs 6 Rc Rcnp nperj erjek ek pg pgtmt tmtmm tej tejaex aex pc pcnm nmaml aml jc jcexe exel l }e }eko ko  hcxrekbee ℩!pmaml fekoje  hcxrekb fekojesek sek 50J+ Lshs Lshskojek kojek jcbse pckdga pckdgagj! gj! ersx eoex fexsn nckskfsjpeb ncksk fsjpebee ekoje 0 tchcael jekek+Lshskoje jekek+Lshskojek k jcbse pckdgagj bckoek sfsko sfsko.. sfsko xctmtrgx+ Hede pckskfsjek fexsn glnncrcx pebe tjeae! bek jeamjek kmaemk}e bckoek fekojesek }eko bmpmaml+ Fmje fexsn nckskfsj rcxaeas jc jekek! exeljek tejaex   pcnmaml jc fekojesek fekojesek }eko achml xckbel+ xckbel+ Mkoer! Mkoer! tcrmep tcrmep ncnmkbel ncnmkbel pcnmaml jc fekojesek fekojesek  hexs aejsjek aejsjek aekojel aekojel nckga nckgajek jek tcpcxrm tcpcxrm oenhex oenhex 5 bek bek 8 bmhewel bmhewel mkm+ mkm+

Oenhex 5

Oenhex 8

b+ Pckmaemek  Kgngx  Kgngx 5 8 4 2 3

Rmkojer Jctsamrek Rmkojer Jctsamrek Nsbel Tcbeko Tcbeko Tsamr Tsamr Fsnael

Hghgr Hghgr 50 53 53 40 40 500