IP: Internet Protocol IPv4: Internet Protocol version 4 v
s e ne
n
IPv4 Address Format
.
x en e - e wor - re x
IPv4 Packet Format
e wor - re x
ersion
Type of service
otal length
ent cat on Time to live
ags
Protocol
u ne - um er
s
os - um er
s
s
Fragment offset
.
s
.
.
Header checksum
our ce a
IPv4 Address Classes
r es s
es t n at o n a
re ss
pt on + a
ng
Bits
31
24
ass
16
8
Network
ata
CIDR :
0
ost
ass ess an
u net
ress xtens ons an
etwor
upernett ng
ost nn
ers on –t e verson o or v ). e a er e ngt ) – num e r o - t wor s t a t po nt s t o t e eg nn ng o t e ata. t s etween ytes) to ytes). ype -o - e rv c e – n c at es t e qua t y o s e rv ce e s r e . Type of service Differentiated Services rece ence – ) = m n m z e e ay) = maxm ze t roug out) = max m z e re a ty) = m n m ze cost) = capa x reserve an set to ) = congest on exper ence ota engt – t e engt o t e ent re pac et n ytes. axmum length is 65,535. ent cat on – an nteger t at ent es t e current atagram. a gs – a - t e o w c t e t wo ow- or e r t s c ont ro r agme nt aon. reserve an set to ) D (1 = don’t fragment) = more ragment) ragment set – n cates t e pos t on o t e ragment s ata reat ve o t e egnnng o t e ata n t e org na atagram. me-to- ve – a counter t at gra ua y ecrements own to zero, at hich point the datagram is discarded. rotoco - n cates w c upper-ayer protoco rece ves ncomng pac ts a ter process ng s compete. ome samp e protoco s:
ea er ource
ec sum – ensures ea er ntegr ty. ress – ts e spec es t e sen ng no e.
ass
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IPv6 Packet Format
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ers on – nternet rotoco ers on num er v s ). ra c c as s – ena e s a s our ce t o en t y t e e s r e e ve ry pr or t y t e pa c et s. ow a e – us e y a s our ce t o a e pa c e ts o r s pec a a n ng y e v router. Payload length – the length of the data portion of the packet. ex t e a e r – e nt e s t e t ype o e a er mme a te y o ow ng t e v ea er. t s s m ar to t e “protoco e n v . op m t – spec es t e max mum num er o routers ops) t roug c a pac et can traverse e ore scar e . ource a ress – - t a ress o t e or g n at or o t e pac et . est n at on a ress – - t a ress o t e nten e r ec p ent o t e acket. xt ens on ea e r n or ma t o n – a n opt ona e not nc u e n t e as c ea er) w t var a e engt . • out ng • ragmentat on • Authentication • ncapsu at on • op - y - op pt on • est naton pt ons
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o a o ut ng re x ts)
xtens on ea er n ormat on opt ona an var a e engt )
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IPv6 Address Types
ra c ass ayoa
ts
,
,
IPv6 Address Format ts
,
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est nat on ress – ts e spec es t e recev ng no e. pt ons – a ows to support var ous opt ons. 0 End of option list 1 No operation (PAD) ecor route t mestamp oose source route tr ct source route ata – conta ns upper- ayer n ormat on.
.
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IPv6: Internet Protocol version 6 v
um er o sa e s
, )
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xper menta
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ecma ress ange
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ost
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u net ts) ress ts)
t e- oc a un c as t a
r es s x …
(10 bits)
v s ons: nter ace
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v s ons: x
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nter ace
ts)
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v s ons : te eve Aggregation
nter ace
ts)
Interface ID is based on hardware MAC address.)
u cas ress: app e or mu p e ne wor n er aces, an c omun ca on s con uc e w a os s w e same a ress.
x
ts)
ag
ts)
cope
ts)
roup
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nycas ress: app e or mu p e ne wor n er aces, u ac ua o mm un c a o n s c on u c e w o ne o e m. a s e s am e o rm a s e n cas a ress.
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IPv4 vs. IPv6 u ec s
v
v
ress pace
on
on gurat o n roa cast
u t cast
nycast support
. x
on gurat on
a
resses
anua or use
n v ersa
o roa cast an
ot part o t e or g na protoco
xp c t support o anycast
ost y manua an
ug an
ay
n ) w t or w t out
as
a or ntens ve
v a
ress space
perat on xpenses an re uce error
etter an w t e c ency ows new app cat ons n mo
ea er or opt o ns.
ac tate t e re-num er ng o
ty, ata center
mprove support or extens ons an opt ons an
osts an routers
ower operat on expenses an
ecur ty
ses
sec or ata pac et protect on
sec ecomes t e ey tec no ogy to protect ata an control packets
n e
ses
o
Mobile IPv6 provides fast handover, better router opt m zat on an erarc ca mo ty
etter efficiency and scalability; Work with latest 3G mobile technologies n eyon .
e
v
ore
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol s e ne
y
ource port
TCPDUMP
ICMP: Internet Message Control Protocol. ICMP for IPv4 is defined in an or v s e ne n .
est nat on port ype
o e n ent er
equence num er ress mas
rgent po nter
pt on + a
ype
ng
o e
c o ep y ata est nat on nreac a e • ource port – ent es po nts at w c upper- ayer source process eceves serv ces. • est nat on port – ent es ponts at w c upper-ayer est nat on rocess rece ves serv ces. • equence num er – pec es t e num er ass gne to t e rst yte o ata n t e current message. • c now e gment num er – onta ns t e sequence num er o t e next yte of data the sender to receive. • set – n cates w ere t e ata egns. • eserve – eserve or uture use. ust e zero. • ontro ts ags) – arry a varety o contro n ormat on. e contro ts may e: U (URG) Urgent pointer field significant. ) c now e gment e s gn cant . ) us unct on. ) eset t e connect on. ) ync ronze sequence num ers. F (FIN) No more data from sender. • n ow – pe c e s t e s ze o t e s en e r s re ce v e w n ow. • ec sum – n cates w et er t e ea er was amage n trans t. • rgent o nter – o nts to t e rst urgent ata yte n t e pac et. • pton + a ng – pec es var ous opt ons. n o pt on st o operat on pa ) ax mum segment s ze 3 window scale e ect ve o mestamp • ata – conta ns upper- ayer n ormat on.
0 Net Unreachable ost
nreac a e
r ot oco ort
n re ac a e
ragmentat on ee e
et
6 Destinat ion Network Unknown est nat on ource
ost
ost
ng - sen
n nown
ost so ate
etwor
m n strat ve y ro m n strat ve y ro
etwor
te
nreac a e or
ommun cat on ro te ource
a
m n strat vey c count d ow a e ng )
uenc
e rect
e rect
atagram or t e
e rect atagram or t e
etwor ost
e rect atagram or t e
etwor
e rect atagram or t e
ost
Echo outer vert sement
me
xcee e
me to
arameter ro em
ve excee e
ssng a equre
mestamp
engt
ec sum ata
14 Timestamp Reply n ormat on equest
e ngt
rans t
me xcee e
o nter n cates t e error
a est nat on port
n
eassem y
pton
_
o ne wor
os s
ng [ -LRUbdfnqrvVaAB] [ -c count] [ -i interval] [ -l preload] [ -p patern -s pac ets z e -t tt -w ea ne - ow a e - nter ace nt - tos - sn u - t mestamp opt on - t meout op ... est nat on
te
os t nr eac a e or
UDP Header Format
ource port
e - s s na p e n - w
PING
ource oute a e
ragment .
e - n t -r
nreac a e
outer e ect on
UDP: User Datagram Protocol
-
onvert networ an roa cast a resses to names x t a ter recev ng count pac ets ter express on n e sten on nter ace n on t convert a resses to names r ea pac ets rom e s et snap en ytes rom eac pac et t on t pr nt t mestamp v e r os e mo e w Write packets to file x sp ay n ex sp ay n ex an t er_e xpr es s o n e e ct s w c pa c et s w e umpe .
n ow ec sum
c on a ne wor
a c
ec sum
c now e ge me nt n um e r sve
cp ump – ump ra
cp ump - aen t vx - c c ount e ‘ ter_express on
equence num er
y
or secur ty an more secure computng env ronment
ICMP
ea er ormat.
s e ne
ramewor
o
TCP/IP Utilities
.
TCP Header Format
set
ranu ar contro o
ac tate m grat on
o us ng
ty
ow a e s
etter rout n g e c e ncy.
o support
o
ow c asses an
on t mes t e
ower
erent orms o mu t cast
o c ec sum; xten e
erv
van ages
ct
ses ot
Need to process Option and Checksum fields by every ouer
out ng e c e nc y etwor
resses
v
Audible ping. apt ve png. ow p ngng a roa cast a ress. o not a ow p ng to c ange source a ress. top a ter sen ng count _ pac ets. Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used. ocate ts ow a e on ec o request pac ets n y
oo p ng. nterva a t nterva secon s etween sen ng eac pac et. nter ace a ress et source a ress to spec e nter ace ress. pre oa en s pre oa pac ets not wa t ng or rep y. L Suppress loopback of multicast packets. n umer c output on y. p pattern pec y up to ) pa ytes to out t e out pac et. tos et ua ty o ervce -reate ts n atagrams. q u et output. R Record route. r ypass routng ta es an sen to a ost on an attac e nter ace. s pac ets ze pec y t e num er o ata ytes to e sent. sn u et soc et sn u . t ttl Set the IP Time to Live. t mestamp opt on et spec a t mestamp opt ons nt e ect at scovery strategy. r nt u user-to-user atency. v er ose output. ow vers on an ext. w ea ne pec y a t meout secon s) e ore p ng exts. t meout me to wa t or a response secon s).
n ormat on epy our ce por t – n opt ona e n c at es t e por t o t e s en ng . est nat on port – ent es ponts at w c upper-ayer est nat on rocess rece ves serv ces. engt – e engt n octets o t e user atagram, nc u ng t e ea er an t e ata n mum s ). Checksum -- Indicates whether the header was damaged in transit. ata – onta ns upper- eve n ormat on.
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as
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as
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The Mostly Used TCP/UDP Port Numbers or
o.
ro oco
erv ce
ame
ases
cpmux TCP/UDP
or
ommen
o.
ro oco
erv ce
CP Port Service Multiplexer
ame
ases
ommen
efs
Extended File Name Server
compressnet
anagement Utility
out ng
outer route
v. ,
compressne
ompress on rocess
out ng
outer route
ng
ec o
c o
ayt me c argen
me empo
ayt me y s source
tp- ata
aracter generator e rans er
tp
con erence
sm p
a
TCP/UDP icname
hois
a
rans er
rcm
esource ocat on rotoco
ew-rwho
ew-who
ost
tsp
cps
ootstrap rotoco
erver
ootps
cpc
ootstrap rotoco
ent
rva
nger
ww, ttp
or
e
er eros
r
er eros
ostname
ostnames
so-tsap
pop
ost
ostoffice
ent tap
soc s
TCP/UDP Ports rocess
rocesses
rocess
...
ort
...
atagrams ...
or
...
oc ets
connect on
ut ent cat on ev ce
resses
erv ce
erv ces sene
etwor
ews rans er rotoco
etwor
me rotoco
ame erv ce
atagram
atagram erv ce
sess on
ess on erv ce
map
nternet
epository
C Mail Server
snmp
snmp
snmp rap
snmp- rap
r nt-srv
ost A
unre a e
ost B
atagrams
en po nt reso ut on
name
et os- gm
pcmail-srv
er eros vers on
emote roce ure a
oc-srv
map
er eros- v
ame erver
at
p
et os-ssn
account ng
ost Office Protocol - Version 3
sq serv
et os-ns
over
er eros a m n strat on
e
ass
ucp-pat
np
s ap
er eros-a m
emote Telnet Service
pc n portmap ut
mon tor
soc s
-
telnet
aps
ttp
s erver
mon tor
ontor
e rans er rotoco
op er
New-who
s r s_server
mon tor
ame erver
er eros remote s e
Real Time Stream Control Protocol
emote s
ho Is
ootps
nger
er eros og n
s e
oma n
gop er
ucp
og n
: og n ost rotoco oma n
ucp
me
ame erver
ea news or emergency roa casts
ucp
mp e
at
ea news
etwa
e net
me
meserver ew ate
c at
e news
remote og n protoco
e net
meserver ew ate
our er
ontro
ss
v.
etwor
Well Known Ports: from 0 through 1023 eg stere orts: rom t roug ynam c an or r vate orts: rom
t roug
essage ccess rotoco
ost cr pt
or er ateway rotoco rc
nternet
px
e ay
g twe g t n nterrupt
ttps
om
rectory ccess rotoco e ower uppy
ttp protoco over croso t- s
passw
cm
)
er eros v ) e
login ho
nternet
ey xc ange
ec)
emote Login hod
atabase of who’s logged on, average load
s e
utomat c ut ent cat on
spoo er
stens or ncom ng connect ons
sys og pr nter
ISBN 0-9740945-4-4
over
ap
sa mp
at rotoco
as
©Javvin Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
sta
s es
onnect on
eae ro uc s: Network Communication Protocol Map etwor rotoco s an oo ac et na yzer
o or er avv n pro ucts: avv n ec no og es, nc. 3485 Old Oak Way aratoga www. avv n.com e p avv n.com -
Copyright © 2005 Javvin Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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