UST Faculty Union v. Bitonio (1999) Petitioners: UST FACULTY FACULTY UNION (Union) and 2 ot!"#$ Respondents: %I&. %I&. B'N B'N'% '%ICT ICTO O '& '&N'S N'STO TO &. BITO BITONI NIO O &. &. OF T T' ' BU BU&' &'AU AU OF LABO LABO& &
&'LATIONS* &'LATIONS* '%UA&%O . +A&I,O &.* and 1- ot!"#$ Ponente: AN/ANIBAN Topic: Union0+""# &"lation$ FACTS: • •
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&"$3ond"nt$ +a#ino* "t. al. a#" duly "l"ct"d o44ic"#$ o4 t!" UST Faculty Union. On 21 S"3t""# 1995* #"$3ond"nt Collant"$* in !"# ca3acity a$ S"c#"ta#y /"n"#al o4 UNION* 3o$t"d a notic" add#"$$"d to all UNION ""#$ announcin6 a 6"n"#al a$$"ly to " !"ld on 78 Octo"# 1995. Aon6 ot!"#$* t!" 6"n"#al a$$"ly a$ call"d to "l"ct UNION$ n";t $"t o4 o44ic"#$. T!#ou6! t!" notic"* t!" ""#$ "#" al$o in4o#"d o4 t!" con$titution o4 a Coitt"" on 'l"ction$ (CO+'L'C) to ov"#$"" t!" "l"ction$. On 71 Octo"# 1995* $o" o4 !"#"in 3"tition"#$ 4il"d a $"3a#at" 3"tition it! t!" +"d0 A#it"#* %OL'0NC&* di#"ct"d a6ain$t !"#"in #"$3ond"nt$ +a#ino$ and t!" ""#$ o4 t!" CO+'L'C. %oc<"t"d a$ Ca$" No. NC&0O%0+095170771* t!" 3"tition all"6"d t!at t!" CO+'L'C a$ not con$titut"d in acco#danc" it! UNION$ con$titution and y0la$ (CBL) and t!at no #ul"$ !ad ""n i$$u"d to 6ov"#n t!" conduct o4 t!" 78 Octo"# 1995 "l"ction. On 72 Octo"# 1995* t!" $"c#"ta#y 6"n"#al o4 UST* u3on t!" #"=u"$t o4 t!" va#iou$ UST 4aculty clu 3#"$id"nt* i$$u"d notic"$ alloin6 all 4aculty ""#$ to !old a convocation on 7> Octo Octo"# "# 1995. 1995. %"noin %"noinat" at"d d a$ ?a@ 6"n"#a 6"n"#all 4aculty 4aculty a$$" a$$"ly ly** t!" convoc convocati ation on a$ $u33o$"d to di$cu$$ t!" $tat" o4 t!" un#ati4i"d UST0UNION CBA and $tatu$ and "l"ction o4 ?Union@ o44ic"#$. On 7> Octo"# 1995* t!" "d0a#it"# in Ca$" No. NC&0O%0+095170771 i$$u"d a t"3o#a#y #"$t#ainin6 #"$t#ainin6 o#d"# (T&O) a6ain$t a6ain$t #"$3ond" #"$3ond"nt$ nt$ "noinin6 "noinin6 t!" 4#o conductin6 conductin6 t!" "l"ction "l"ction $c!"dul"d on 78 Octo"# 1995. Al$o on 7> Octo"# 1995* and a$ "a#li"# announc"d y t!" UST $"c#"ta#y 6"n"#al* t!" 6"n"#al 4aculty a$$"ly a$ !"ld a$ $c!"dul"d. T!" 6"n"#al a$$"ly a$ att"nd"d y ""#$ o4 t!" UNION and* a$ aditt"d y t!" 3"tition"#$* al$o y non0?Union@ ""#$ ?!o ?!o@@ a#" a#" " ""# "#$$ in 6ood 6ood $tan $tandi din6 n6 o4 t!" t!" US UST T Acad Acad" "ic ic Co Coun unity ity Coll Coll"c "ctitiv" v" Ba#6ainin6 Unit. On t!i$ occa$ion* 3"tition"#$ "#" "l"ct"d a$ UNION$ n" $"t o4 o44ic"#$ y acclaation and cla33in6 o4 !and$. T!" "l"ction o4 t!" 3"tition"#$ ca" aout u3on a otion o4 on" Atty. Lo3"D* aditt"dly not a ""# o4 UNION* t!at t!" UNION CBL and t!" #ul"$ o4 t!" "l"ction " $u$3"nd"d and t!at t!" "l"ction " !"ld ?on@ t!at day. On 11 Octo"# 1995* #"$3ond"nt$ +a#ino$ 4il"d a 3"tition $""
Octo"# 1995 "l"ction. &"$3ond"nt$ +a#ino$ all"6"d t!at t!" !oldin6 o4 t!" $a" violat"d t!" T&O i$$u"d in Ca$" No. NC&0O%0+095170771. Accu$in6 3"tition"#$ o4 u$u#3ation* u$u#3ation* o #"$3ond"nt$ +a#ino$ c!a#act"#iD"d t!" "l"ction a$ $3u#iou$ 4o# "in6 violativ" o4 UNION$ CBL* $3"ci4ically "cau$" t!" 6"n"#al a$$"ly #"$ultin6 in t!" "l"ction o4 3"tition"#$ a$ not call"d y t!" Boa#d o4 O44ic"#$ o4 t!" UNIONE o t!"#" a$ no co3lianc" it! t!" t"n0day notic" #ul" #"=ui#"d y S"ction 1* A#ticl" III o4 t!" CBLE
t!" $u33o$"d "l"ction$ "#" conduct"d it!out a CO+'L'C "in6 con$titut"d y t!" Boa#d o4 O44ic"#$ in acco#danc" it! S"ction 1* A#ticl" IG o4 t!" CBLE o t!" "l"ction$ "#" not y $"c#"t allotin6 a$ #"=ui#"d y S"ction 1* A#ticl" and S"ction 5* A#ticl" IG o4 t!" CBL* and* o t!" 6"n"#al a$$"ly a$$"ly a$ conv"n"d conv"n"d y 4aculty ""#$ $o" o4 !o "#" not ""#$ o4 UNION* $o uc! $o t!at non0 UNION ""#$ "#" allo"d to vot" in violation o4 S"ction 1* A#ticl" o4 t!" CBL. On 2> Octo"# 1995* #"$3ond"nt$ +a#ino$ 4il"d anot!"# u#6"nt ";03a#t" otion 4o# a T&O* t!i$ ti" all"6in6 t!at 3"tition"#$ !ad $"#v"d t!" 4o#"# a notic" to vacat" t!" union o44ic". Fo# t!"i# 3a#t* 3"tition"#$ ov"d to di$i$$ t!" o#i6inal 3"tition and t!" $u$"=u"nt otion on u#i$d u#i$dicti ictiona onall 6#ound 6#ound$. $. Bot! Bot! t!" 3"titio 3"tition n and t!" otion otion "#" ca3tion ca3tion"d "d to " 4o# H#o!iition* Inunction it! #ay"# 4o# #"liina#y Inunction and [email protected] Acco#din6 to t!" 3"tition"#$* t!" "d0a#it"# !a$ no u#i$diction ov"# 3"tition$ 4o# 3#o!iition* includin6 t!" ancilla ancilla#y #y #""di #""di"$ "$ o4 #"$t# #"$t#ain ainin6 in6 o#d"# o#d"# ando# ando# 3#"lii 3#"liina# na#yy inunc inunctio tion* n* !ic! !ic! a#" "#"ly "#"ly incid"ntal to t!" ain 3"tition 4o# &OIBITION. "tition"#$ al$o av"##"d t!at t!"y no con$titut"d t!" n" $"t o4 union o44ic"#$ !avin6 ""n "l"ct"d in acco#danc" it! la a4t"# t!" t"# o4 o44ic" o4 #"$3ond"nt$ +a#ino$ !ad ";3i#"d. T!"y T!"y 4u#t!" 4u#t!"## ainta aintain" in"d d t!at t!at #"$3o #"$3ond" nd"nt$ nt$ +a#ino +a#ino$ $ $c!"d $c!"duli ulin6 n6 o4 t!" 8 Octo" Octo"## 1995 1995 "l"cti "l"ction$ on$ a$ ill"6a ill"6all "cau$ "cau$" " no #ul"$ #ul"$ and #"6ula #"6ulation tion$$ 6ov"#n 6ov"#nin6 in6 t!" "l"cti "l"ction$ on$ "#" "#" 3#oul6at" 3#oul6at"d d a$ #"=ui#"d #"=ui#"d y UNION$ UNION$ CBL and t!at on" o4 t!" ""#$ ""#$ o4 t!" CO+'L'C a$ not a #"6i$t"#"d ""# o4 UNION. "tition"#$ li<"i$" not"d t!at t!" "l"ction$ call"d y t!" #"$3ond"nt$ +a#ino$ $!ould !av" ""n 3o$t3on"d to allo t!" 3#oul6ation o4 #ul"$ and #"6ulation$ and to in$u#" a 4#""* cl"an* !on"$t and o#d"#ly "l"ction$ and to a44o#d at t!" $a" ti" t!" 6#"at"# ao#ity o4 t!" 6"n"#al ""#$!i3 to 3a#tici3at" Finally* 3"tition"#$ cont"nd"d cont"nd"d t!at t!" !oldin6 o4 t!" 6"n"#al 4aculty a$$"ly on 7> Octo"# O cto"# 1995 a$ und"# t!" cont#ol o4 t!" Council o4 Coll"6"Faculty Clu #"$id"nt$ #"$id"nt$ in coo3"#ation it! t!" USTFU &"4o#i$t Allianc" and t!at t!"y #"c"iv"d t!" T&O i$$u"d in Ca$" No. NC&0O%0+095170771 only on 7J Octo"# 1995 and "#" not aa#" o4 t!" $a" on 7> Octo"# 1995. On 7 %"c""# 1995* 3"tition"#$ and UST all"6"dly "nt"#"d into anot!"# CBA cov"#in6 t!" 3"#iod 4#o 71 un" 1995 to 1 +ay 2771. &"$3ond"nt$ +a#ino$ a6ain ov"d 4o# t!" i$$uanc" o4 a T&O to 3#"v"nt 3"tition"#$ 4#o a* 199> a$ void 4o# !avin6 ""n conduct"d in violation o4 t!" union$ CBL (CBL)* %i#"cto# Bitonio #""ct"d 3"tition"#$ cont"ntion t!at it a$ a l"6itiat" ";"#ci$" o4 t!"i# #i6!t to $"l40 o#6aniDation. " #ul"d t!at t!" CBL* !ic! con$titut"d t!" cov"nant "t""n t!" union and o
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it$ ""#$* could not " $u$3"nd"d du#in6 t!" Octo"# >* 1995 6"n"#al a$$"ly o4 all 4aculty ""#$* $inc" t!at a$$"ly !ad not ""n conv"n"d o# aut!o#iD"d y t!" UNION. %i#"cto# %i#"cto# Bitonio li<"i$" !"ld t!at t!" Octo"# >* 1995 "l"ction "l"ction could not " l"6itiiD"d l"6itiiD"d y t!" #"co6nition o4 t!" n"ly H"l"ct"dH $"t o4 o44ic"#$ y UST o# y t!" all"6"d #ati4ication o4 t!" n" CBA y t!" 6"n"#al ""#$!i3 o4 t!" t !" UNION. ISSUES: •
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K!"t!"# t!" Coll"ctiv" Ba#6ainin6 Unit o4 all t!" 4aculty ""#$ in t!at /"n"#al Faculty A$$"ly !ad t!" #i6!t in t!at /"n"#al Faculty A$$"ly to $u$3"nd t!" t !" 3#ovi$ion$ o4 t!" CBL o4 t!" UNION #"6a#din6 t!" "l"ction$ o4 o44ic"#$ o4 t!" union o NO. "tition"#$ cont"nd t!at t!" Octo"# >* 1995 a$$"ly H$u$3"nd"dH t!" union$ CBL. CBL. T!"y T!"y av"# av"# t!at t!at t!" t!" $u$3 $u$3"n "n$i $ion on and and t!" t!" "l"c "l"ctition on t!at t!at 4ollo 4ollo" "d d "#" "#" in acco#danc" it! t!"i# Hcon$titu"nt and #"$idual 3o"#$ a$ ""#$ o4 t!" coll"ctiv" a#6 a#6ai aini nin6 n6 unit unit to c!oo c!oo$" $" t!"i t!"i## #"3# #"3#"$ "$"n "nta tativ tiv"$ "$ 4o# 4o# 3u#3 3u#3o$ o$"$ "$ o4 coll" coll"ct ctiv iv" " a#6ainin6.H A6ain t!"y cit" t!" nu"#ou$ anoali"$ all"6"dly coitt"d y t!" #"$3ond"nt$ +a#inoa$ UNION o44ic"#$. T!i$ a#6u"nt do"$ not 3"#$uad". o Fi#$t* t!" 6"n"#al 4aculty a$$"ly a$ not t!" 3#o3"# 4o#u to conduct t!" "l"ction o4 UNION o44ic"#$. Not all !o att"nd"d t!" a$$"ly "#" ""#$ o4 t!" unionE $o"* a33a#"ntly* "#" "#" "v"n di$=uali4i"d 4#o "coin6 union ""#$* $inc" t!"y #"3#"$"nt"d ana6""nt. o S"cond* t!" 6#i"vanc"$ o4 t!" 3"tition"#$ could !av" ""n #ou6!t u3 and #"$olv"d in acco#danc" it! t!" 3#oc"du#" laid don y t!" union$ CBL and y t!" Lao# Cod". T!"y cont"nd t!at t!"i# $"n$" o4 d"$3"#ation and !"l3l"$$n"$$ l"d to t!" Octo"# >* 1995 "l"ction. o"v"#* " cannot a6#"" it! t!" "t!od t!"y u$"d to #"cti4y y"a#$ o4 inaction on t!"i# 3a#t and t!"#"y "a$" ottl"d0u3 4#u$t#ation$* a$ $uc! "t!od a$ in total di$#"6a#d o4 t!" UNION$ CBL and o4 du" 3#oc"$$. T!" "nd n"v"# u$ti4i"$ t!" "an$. K!"t!"# t!" $u$3"n$ion o4 t!" 3#ovi$ion$ o4 t!" CBL o4 t!" UNION in t!at /"n"#al Faculty A$$"ly i$ valid 3u#$uant to t!" con$titutional #i6!t o4 t!" Coll"ctiv" Ba#6ainin6 Unit to "n6a6" in H3"ac"4ul conc"#t"d activiti"$H 4o# t!" 3u#3o$" o4 ou$tin6 t!" co##u3t #"6i" o4 t !" 3#ivat" #"$3ond"nt o NO. K" a6#"" it! t!" 4indin6 o4 %i#"cto# Bitonio and +"d0A#it"# Falconitin t!at t!" Octo"# >* 1995 "l"ction a$ taint"d it! i##"6ula#iti"$ "cau$" o4 t!" 4olloin6 #"a$on$. o Fi#$t* t!" Octo"# >* 1995 a$$"ly a$ not call"d y t!" UNION. It a$ "#"ly a convocation o4 4aculty clu$* a$ indicat"d in t!" "o#andu $"nt to all 4aculty ""#$ y F#. &od"l Ali6an* O* t!" $"c#"ta#y 6"n"#al o4 t!" Univ"#$ity o4 Santo Toa$. a$. It a$ a$ not not conv conv"n "n"d "d in acco acco##danc danc" " it! it! t!" t!" 3#ov 3#ovi$ i$io ion n on 6"n" 6"n"#a #all ""#$!i3 ""#$!i3 ""tin6$ ""tin6$ a$ 4ound in t!" UNION$ CBL* !ic! #"ad$: #"ad$: HA&TICL' HA&TICL' III0 +''TIN/S OF T' UNION HS"ction 1. T!" Union $!all !old #"6ula# 6"n"#al ""#$!i3 ""tin6$ at l"a$t onc" "v"#y t!#"" () ont!$. Notic"$ o4 t!" ""tin6 $!all " $"nt out y t!" S"c#"ta#y0/"n"#al at l"a$t t"n (17) day$ 3#io# to $uc! ""tin6$ y 3o$tin6 in con$3icuou$ 3lac"$* 3#"4"#aly in$id" Co3any 3#"i$"$* $aid notic"$. T!" dat"* ti" and 3lac" 4o# t!" ""tin6$ $!all " d"t"#in"d y t!" Boa#d o4 O44ic"#$.H o Un=u"$tionaly* t!" a$$"ly a$ not a union ""tin6. It a$ in 4act a 6at!"#in6 t!at a$ call"d and 3a#tici3at"d in y ana6""nt and non0union ""#$. By no l"6al 4iat a$ $uc! a$$"ly t#an$4o#"d into a union activity y t!" 3a#tici3ation o4 $o" union ""#$.
S"con S"cond* d* t!"# t!"#" " a$ a$ no co coi$ i$$i $ion on on "l"c "l"ctition on$$ to ov"# ov"#$" $"" " t!" t!" "l"c "l"ctio tion* n* a$ andat"d y S"ction$ 1 and 2 o4 A#ticl" IG o4 t!" UNION$ CBL. o T!i#d* t!" 3u#3o#t"d "l"ction a$ not don" y $"c#"t allotin6* in violation o4 S"ction 5* A#ticl" IG o4 t!" UNION$ CBL* a$ "ll a$ A#ticl" 2>1 (c) o4 t!" Lao# Cod". o T!" 4o#"6oin6 in4i#iti"$ con$id"#"d* " cannot att#iut" 6#av" au$" o4 di$c#"tion to %i#"ct %i#"cto# o# Bitonio Bitonio$ $ 4indin6 4indin6 and concl conclu$i u$ion. on. In Rodriguez v. Director, Bureau of Labor Relations * " invalidat"d t!" local union "l"ction$ !"ld at t!" #on6 dat" it!out 3#io# notic" to ""#$ and conduct"d it!out #"6a#d 4o# duly 3#"$c#i"d 6#ound #ul"$. K" !"ld t!at t!" 3#oc""din6$ "#" #"nd"#"d void y t!" lac< o4 du" 3#oc"$$ 00 undu" !a$t"* lac< o4 ad"=uat" $a4"6ua#d$ to "n$u#" int"6#ity o4 t!" votin6* and t!" a$"nc" o4 t!" notic" o4 t!" dat"$ o4 allotin6. KoN t!" ov"#!"lin6 #ati4ication o4 t!" Coll"ctiv" Ba#6ainin6 A6#"""nt ";"cut"d y t!" 3"tition"#$ in "!al4 o4 t!" UNION it! t!" UST !a$ #"nd"#"d oot and acad"ic t!" i$$u" a$ to t!" validity o4 t!" $u$3"n$ion o4 t!" CBL and t!" "l"ction$ o4 Octo"# >* 1995 in t!" /"n"#al Faculty A$$"ly o NO. T!" #ati4ication o4 t!" n" CBA ";"cut"d "t""n t!" 3"tition"#$ and t!" Univ"#$ity o4 Santo Toa$ ana6""nt did not validat" t!" void Octo"# >* 1995 "l"ction. &ati4i"d "#" t!" t"#$ o4 t!" n" CBA* not t!" i$$u" o4 union l"ad"#$!i3 00 a att"# t!at $!ould " d"cid"d only y union ""#$ in t!" 3#o3"# 4o#u at t!" 3#o3"# ti" and a4t"# o$"#vanc" o4 3#o3"# 3#oc"du#"$. o
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NOTES:
S"l40o#6aniDation i$ a 4unda"ntal #i6!t 6ua#ant""d y t!" !ili33in" Con$titution and t!" Lao# Cod". '3loy""$ !av" t!" #i6!t to 4o#* oin o# a$$i$t lao# o#6aniDation$ 4o# t!" 3u#3o$" o4 coll"ctiv" a#6ainin6 o# 4o# t!"i# utual aid and 3#ot"ction. K!"t!"# "3loy"d 4o# a d"4init" 3"#iod o# not* any "3loy"" $!all " con$id"#"d a$ $uc!* "6innin6 on !i$ 4i#$t day o4 $"#vic"* 4o# 3u#3o$"$ o4 ""#$!i3 in a lao# union. Co#olla#y to t!i$ #i6!t i$ t!" 3#"#o6ativ" not to oin* a44iliat" it! o# a$$i$t a lao# union. T!"#"4o#"* to "co" a union ""#* an "3loy"" u$t* a$ a #ul"* not only $i6ni4y t!" int"nt to "co" on"* ut al$o ta<" $o" 3o$itiv" $t"3$ to #"aliD" t!at int"nt. T!" 3#oc" 3#oc"du# du#" " 4o# union union ""# ""#$!i $!i3 3 i$ u$uall u$uallyy "odi "odi"d "d in t!" union union$$ CBL. CBL. An "3loy "3loy"" "" !o "co"$ a union ""# ac=ui#"$ t!" #i6!t$ and t!" concoitant oli6ation$ t!at 6o it! t!i$ n" $tatu$ and "co"$ ound y t!" union$ #ul"$ and #"6ulation$. "ti "titio tion" n"#$ #$ clai clai t!at t!at t!" t!" nu" nu"#o #ou$ u$ ano anoal ali" i"$$ all" all"6" 6"dly dly co coitt itt"d "d y t!" t!" #"$3 #"$3on ond" d"nt nt$$ +a#inodu#in6 t!" latt"#$ incu"ncy i3"ll"d t!" Octo"# >* 1995 "l"ction o4 t!" n" $"t o4 UNION o44ic"#$. T!"y a$$"#t t!at $uc! ";"#ci$" a$ 3u#$uant to t!"i# #i6!t to $"l40o#6aniDation. "tition"#$ 4#u$t#ation ov"# t!" 3"#4o#anc" o4 3#ivat" #"$3ond"nt$* a$ "ll a$ t!"i# 4"a#$ o4 a H4#audul"ntH "l"ction to " !"ld und"# t!" latt"#$ $u3"#vi$ion* could not u$ti4y t!" "t!od t!"y c!o$" to i3o$" t!"i# ill on t!" union. %i#"cto# Bitonio B itonio a3tly "lucidat"d: HT!" con$titutional #i6!t to $"l40o#6aniDation i$ "tt"# und"#$tood in t!" cont";t o4 ILO Conv"ntion No. -J (F#""do o4 A$$ociation and #ot"ction o4 &i6!t to O#6aniD")* to !ic! t!" !ili33in"$ i$ $i6nato#y. A#ticl" o4 t!" Conv"ntion 3#ovid"$ t!at o#<"#$ o#6aniDation$ $!all !av" t!" #i6!t to d#a u3 t!"i# con$titution and #ul"$ and to "l"ct t!"i# #"3#"$"ntativ"$ in 4ull 4#""do* 4#"" 4#o any int"#4"#"nc" 4#o 3ulic aut!o#iti"$. T!" 4#""do con4"##"d y t!" 3#ovi$ion i$ ";3an$iv"E t!" #"$3on$iility i3o$"d on union ""#$ to #"$3"ct t!" con$titution and #ul"$ t!"y t!"$"lv"$ d#a u3 "=ually $o. T!" 3oint to " $t#"$$"d i$ t!at t!" union$ CBL i$ t!" 4unda"ntal la t!at 6ov"#n$ t!" #"lation$!i3 "t""n and aon6 t!" ""#$ o4 t!" union. It i$ !"#" t!" #i6!t$* duti"$ and oli6ation$* 3o"#$* 4unction$
and aut!o#ity o4 t!" o44ic"#$ a$ "ll a$ t!" ""#$ a#" d"4in"d. It i$ t!" o#6anic la t!at d"t"#in"$ t!" validity o4 act$ don" y any o44ic"# o# ""# o4 t!" union. Kit!out #"$3"ct 4o# t!" CBL* a union a$ a d"oc#atic in$titution d"6"n"#at"$ into not!in6 o#" t!an a 6#ou3 o4 individual$ 6ov"#n"d y o #ul".H A union "l"ction i$ !"ld 3u#$uant to t!" union$ con$titution and yla$* yla$* and t!" #i6!t to vot" in it i$ "noy"d only y union ""#$. A union "l"ction $!ould " di$tin6ui$!"d 4#o a c"#ti4ication "l"cti "l"ction* on* !ic! !ic! i$ t!" 3#oc"$ 3#oc"$$$ o4 d"t"# d"t"#ini inin6* n6* t!#ou6 t!#ou6! ! $"c#"t $"c#"t allot allot** t!" $ol" $ol" and ";clu$ ";clu$iv" iv" a#6ainin6 a6"nt o4 t!" "3loy""$ in t!" a33#o3#iat" a#6ainin6 unit* 4o# 3u#3o$"$ o4 coll"ctiv" a#6ainin6. S3"ci4ically* t!" 3u#3o$" o4 a c"#ti4ication "l"ction i$ to a$c"#tain !"t!"# o# not a ao#ity o4 t!" "3loy""$ i$! to " #"3#"$"nt"d y a lao# o#6aniDation and* in t!" a44i#ativ" ca$"* y !ic! 3a#ticula# lao# o#6aniDation. In a c"#ti4ication "l"ction* all "3loy""$ "lon6in6 to t!" a33#o3#iat" a#6ainin6 unit can vot". T!"#"4o#"* a union ""# !o li<"i$" "lon6$ to t!" a33#o3#iat" a#6ainin6 unit i$ "ntitl"d to vot" in $aid "l"ction. o"v"#* t!" #"v"#$" i$ not alay$ t#u"E an "3loy"" "lon6in6 to t!" a33#o3#iat" a#6ainin6 unit ut !o i$ not a ""# o4 t!" union cannot vot" in t!" union "l"ction* unl"$$ ot!"#i$" aut!o#iD"d y t!" con$titution and yla$ o4 t!" union. "#ily* union a44ai#$ and "l"ction$ cannot " d"cid"d in a non0union activity. In ot! "l"ction$* t!"#" a#" 3#oc"du#"$ to " 4ollo"d. T!u$* t!" Octo"# >* 1995 "l"ction cannot 3#o3"#ly " call"d a union "l"ction* "cau$" t!" 3#oc"du#" laid don in t!" UNION$ CBL 4o# t!" "l"ction o4 o44ic"#$ a$ not 4ollo"d. It could not !av" ""n a c"#ti4ication "l"ction "it!"#* "cau$" #"3#"$"ntation a$ not t!" i$$u"* and t!" 3#o3"# 3#oc"du#" 4o# $uc! "l"ction a$ not 4ollo"d. T!" 3a#tici3ation o4 non0union ""#$ in t!" "l"ction a66#avat"d it$ i##"6ula#ity.
