DR. RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW
SEMESTER VI (2015-16) DRAFTING, LEADING AND CONVEYANCING
TYES TYE S OF LAINTS LAI NTS AND THE TH E EFFECT EFF ECT OF DELAY DEL AY IN FILING FI LING OF LAINT LAI NTS S IN CERTAIN C ERTAIN CASES CA SES
(FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF B.A. LLB ( HON ))
SU!MITTED !Y -
SU!MITTED TO "
GARIMA ARAKH
MS . SHAKUNTALA
SANGAM ROLL NO .
5#
ASST. ROF ( LAW)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to extend ! "in#e$e t%&nk" to M! te&#%e$ &nd ! ento$ P$o'. %&kunt&l& &n& 'o$ i*in e t%i" o++o$tunit! to wo$k on t%i" +$o,e#t &nd 'o$ %e$ &-le uid&n#e &nd &d*i#e /i#e 0%&n#ello$ D$. Gu$dee+ in% i$ &nd De&n (A#&dei#") P$o'. 0.M. 1&$iw&l& 'o$ t%ei$ en#ou$&eent &nd Ent%u"i&"2 M! "enio$" 'o$ "%&$in t%ei$ *&lu&-le ti+"2 And ! #l&""&te" 'o$ t%ei$ #on"t&nt "u++o$t.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODU0TION..................................................................................................................................3 EENTIAL RE4UIITE OF A PLAINT ..........................................................................................5 0ONTENT OF A PLAINT...................................................................................................................6 AMPLE PLAINT...............................................................................................................................35 0ON0LUION.....................................................................................................................................37
INTRODUCTION
Pl&int doe" not %&*e & "t&tuto$! de'inition. It e&n" not%in o$e t%&n & +$i*&te eo$i&l tende$ed to #ou$t in w%i#% & +e$"on "et 'o$t% %i" #&u"e o' &#tion .t%e ex%i-ition o' &n &#tion in w$itin. T%e +l&int "%ould #ont&in" t%e '&#t #on"titutin t%e #&u"e o' &#tion &nd t%e tie w%en it &$o"e o' #l&i in w$itin in 'ield .%en#e +l&int i" & "t&teent -! t%e +l&inti'' in w%i#% %e "et" out %i" #&u"e o' &#tion wit% &ll ne#e""&$! +&$ti#ul&$" .it i" "t&teent o' #l&i &nd de&nd" in w$itin. A 8+l&int9 i" t%e +$o#e"" -! w%i#% +$o#eedin in t%e #ou$t i" & +l&int .& +l&int i" "t&teent in t%e w$itin o' & #&u"e o' &#tion in w%i#% t%e $elie' #l&ied i" "et out in det&il. e#tion 5: o' t%e #ode o' #i*il +$o#edu$e +$o*ide" t%&t e*e$! "uit "%&ll -e in"tituted -! t%e +$e"ent&tion o' +l&int o$ in "u#% ot%e$ &nne$ &! -e +$e"#$i-ed .in e*e$! +l&int '&#t" "%&ll -e +$o*ed -! &''id&*it. O$de$ /II de&l" wit% +l&int" &nd it" +&$ti#ul&$". T%e ;L&w o' Liit&tion; +$e"#$i-e" t%e tie !e&$" 'o$ o$t&ed +$o+e$t! (#) One !e&$ 'o$ "uit $el&tin to to$t" (6 !e&$" 'o$ #o+en"&tion in #e$t&in #&"e" (d) 6> to ?> d&!" in #&"e o' &++e&l" unde$ 0i*il P$o#edu$e 0ode &nd 0$iin&l P$o#edu$e 0ode. Pe$iod o' 'ilin &++e&l &nd &++li#&tion #&n -e extended i' +$o+e$ #&u"e i" "%own (-ut not t%e "uit) @"e#tion 7.5 t%
1 Justice S A Kader’s Law of Limitation and Prescription (36 edn Lexi" Nexi" 5>33).
t%
2 Justice S A Kader’s Law of Limitation and Prescription (36 edn Lexi" Nexi" 5>33).
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ESSENTIAL REQUISITES OF A PLAINT &) t%e n&e o' t%e 0ou$t in w%i#% t%e "uit i" -$ou%t2 -) t%e n&e de"#$i+tion &nd +l&#e o' $e"iden#e o' t%e +l&inti''. De"#$i+tion in#lude" &e '&t%e$;" n&e #&"te et#. To de"#$i-e t%e +l&inti'' &" $e"idin in +&$ti#ul&$ &$e& o' & town i" not & "u''i#ient de"#$i+tion o' %i" $e"iden#e. T%e 'ull +&$ti#ul&$" o' &dd$e"" #ont&inin t%e %ou"e nu-e$ "t$eet nu-e$ n&e o' t%e &$e& &nd t%e n&e o' t%e *ill&e o$ town o$ #it! &nd di"t$i#t &nd t&te wit% +in #ode nu-e$. #) t%e n&e de"#$i+tion &nd +l&#e o' $e"iden#e o' t%e de'end&nt "o '&$ &" t%e! #&n -e &"#e$t&ined2< d) w%e$e t%e +l&inti'' o$ t%e de'end&nt i" & ino$ o$ & +e$"on o' un"ound ind & "t&teent to t%&t e''e#t2 e) t%e '&#t" #on"titutin t%e #&u"e o' &#tion &nd w%en it &$o"e2 ') t%&t '&#t" "%owin t%&t t%e 0ou$t %&" ,u$i"di#tion2 ) t%e $elie' w%i#% t%e +l&inti'' #l&i"2 %) we$e t%e +l&inti'' %&" &llowed & "et o'' o$ $elinui"%in & +o$tion o' %i" #l&i t%e &ount "o &llowed o$ $elinui"%ed. i) A "t&teent o' t%e *&lue o' t%e "u-,e#t &tte$ o' t%e "uit 'o$ t%e +u$+o"e o' t%e ,u$i"di#tion &nd #ou$t 'ee "o '&$ &" t%e #&"e &dit. A$$%&%'* +&%*+ % C/+&% *%& •
In t%e one! "uit"C &" +e$ t%e RULE 5 ORDER /II o' t%e 0P0 we$e t%e +l&inti'' "eek" t%e $e#o*e$! o' one! t%e +l&inti'' "%&ll "t&te t%e +$e#i"e &ount #l&ied. But we$e t%e +l&inti'' "ue" 'o$ mesne profits o$ 'o$ &ount w%i#% will 'ound due to %i on t&lkin un"ettled &##ount o' %i &nd t%e de'end&nt o$ 'o$ o*&-le in t%e +o""e""ion o' t%e de'end&nt o$ 'o$ de-t" o' w%i#% t%e *&lue %e #&nnot &'te$ t%e exe$#i"e o' t%e $e&"on&-le dilien#e e"ti&te t%e +l&inti''
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"%&ll "t&te &++$oxi&tel! t%e &ount o$ *&lue "ued 'o$. uit" o' io*&-le +$o+e$t!C &##o$din to O$de$ /II Rule 5 o' t%e 0P0 we$e t%e "u-,e#t &tte$ i" io*&-le +$o+e$t! t%e +l&inti'' "%&ll #ont&in" & de"#$i+tion o' t%e +$o+e$t! "u''i#ient to identi'! it &nd in #&"e "u#% +$o+e$t! i" identi'! -! -ound&$ie" o$ nu-e$ in & $e#o$d in & $e#o$d o' "ettleent o$ "u$*e! t%e +l&inti'' "%&ll "+e#i'! "u#% -ound&$ie" o$
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nu-e$". O$de$ /II Rule 7C T%e +l&inti'' "%&ll "%ow t%&t t%e de'end&nt i" o$ #l&i" to -e in"e$ted in t%e "u-,e#t &tte$ &nd t%&t %e i" li&-le to -e #&lled u+on t%e &n"we$ t%e +l&inti''9" de&nd
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O$de$ /II Rule :C e$e t%e "uit in"tituted &'te$ ex+i$&tion o' t%e +$e"#$i-ed +e$iod -! t%e l&w o' liit&tion t%e +l&int "%&ll "%ow t%e $ound u+on w%i#% exe+tion '$o "u#% l&w i"
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#l&ied O$de$ II Rule C E*e$! +&int "%&ll "t&te "+e#i'i#&ll! t%e $elie' w%i#% t%e +l&inti'' #l&i eit%e$ "i+l! o$ in t%e <e$n&ti*e &nd it "%&ll not -e ne#e""&$! to &"k ene$&l o$ ot%e$ $elie' w%i#%
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&! &lw&!" -e i*en &" t%e #ou$t &! t%ink ,u"t to t%e "&e extent &" i' it %&d -een &"ked 'o$ O$de$ /II Rule C e$e t%e +l&inti'' "eek" t%e $elie' in $e"+e#t o' "e*e$&l di"tin#t #l&i" o$ #&u"e" o' &#tion 'ounded u+on t%e "e+&$&te &nd di"tin#t $ound t%e! "%&ll -e "t&ted &" '&$ &"
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&! -e "e+&$&tel! &nd di"tin#tl! O$de$ /II Rule (Re+$e"ent&ti*e "uit")C It +$o*ide" t%&t we$e t%e +l&inti'' to "ue in & $e+$e"ent&ti*e #%&$&#te$ t%e +l&inti'' "%&ll "%ow not onl! t%&t %e %&" &n &#tu&l exi"tin inte$e"t in t%e "u-,e#t &tte$ -ut t%&t %e %&" t&ken t%e "te+ (i' &n!) ne#e""&$! to en&-le %i to in"titute & "uit #on#e$nin it.
CONTENTS OF A PLAINT (%)
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E*e$! +l&int "%ould -e %e&ded wit% t%e n&e o' t%e 0ou$t in w%i#% t%e "uit i" -$ou%t. %e$e it i" ne#e""&$! to "t&te t%e +&$ti#ul&$ ,u$i"di#tion o' t%e 0ou$t in w%i#% t%e "uit i" -$ou%t t%e "&id ,u$i"di#tion ou%t to -e "t&ted -elow t%e n&e o' t%e 0ou$t. T%u" w%e$e & "uit i" -$ou%t in & "u-o$din&te 0i*il 0ou$t t%e %e&din "%ould -eC In t%e 0ou$t o' t%e u-o$din&te 1ude &t.... O$ In t%e 0ou$t o' t%e Fi$"t u-o$din&te 1ude &tJJJJJJJJJJJJJ. JJK But w%e$e it i" ne#e""&$! to "t&te t%e +&$ti#ul&$ ,u$i"di#tion o' t%e 0ou$t t%e %e&din "%ould $un &" 'ollow"C In t%e u+$ee 0ou$t O$iin&l 1u$i"di#tion2 In t%e Hi% 0ou$t &t....................................................... ;O$din&$! O$iin&l 0i*il 1u$i"di#tion 3 o$ ;Ext$&o$din&$! O$iin&l 0i*il 1u$i"di#tion 3 o$
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;Adi$<! 1u$i"di#tion; o$ ;M&t$ioni&l 1u$i"di#tion; o$ Te"t&ent&$! &nd Inte"t&te 1u$i"di#tion T%e "uit i" "e$i&ll! nu-e$ed &'te$ t%e +l&int i" +$e"ented t%e +$&#ti#e o' t%e u-o$din&te 0i*il 0ou$t" 'o$ t%e +l&inti'' to t%e n&e o' t%e 0ou$t t%e n&tu$e o' t%e "uit &nd t%e !e&$ o' t%e -l&nk "+&#e 'o$ t%e nu-e$ o' t%e "uit to -e 'illed u+ e.. Title uit No. .....................................o' 5>>... o$ Mone! uit No.................................... 5>>...K In t%e +l&int" on t%e o$iin&l "ide o' t%e Hi% 0ou$t &nd t%e u 0ou$t onl! t%e nu-e$ o' t%e "uit wit% t%e !e&$ to -e "t&ted.; %%) T%&*/
&) N&e o' t%e +&$tie" T%en &t t%e %e&d o' e&#% +l&int t%e n&e o' e*e$! +l&int &nd e*e$! de'end&nt &" '&$ &" it #&n -e &"#e$t&ined u"t -e "et out. T%e n&e toet%e$ wit% t%e de"#$i+tion &nd +l&#e o' $e"iden#e o$ -u"ine"" &$e title o$ t%e ;#&u"e
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E*e$! +l&inti'' &nd e*e$! de'end&nt "%ould -e "o de"#$i-ed in #&u"e
(3) In t%e #ou$t o' un"i'JJJJJJJ. uit no. JJJJJJJJJ o' 5>> A.B. O. 0.D. 3
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Re"ident o' &%&t&& &ndi $o&d R&,&%und$!
JJJJJJJ+l&inti'' /".
E.F. .O. G.H. Re"ident o' 37 D&nw&i+et R&,&%und$!
JJJJJJJde'end&nt
(#) De"#$i+tion o' +&$tie" in +&$ti#ul&$ "uit"C 3) Union o' Indi& 5) T%e t&te o' 6) A.B. (&dd de"#$i+tion &nd $e"iden#e) dul! &ut%o$i"ed -! 0D & "oldie$ ("&ilo$ o$ &i$&n &" t%e #&"e &! -e) &#tu&ll! "e$*in &t.................. ) T%e Adini"t$&to$ Gene$&l o' ........................................................... 7) T%e Ad*o#&te
T%e 0olle#to$ o'............................................................... ) .................... T%e A-&""&do$ o' ..............................................
) A.B. O''i#i&l Re#ei*e$ &" Re#ei*e$ o' t%e e"t&te o' 3 ?) A.B. O''i#i&l A""inee &nd t%e &""inee o' t%e e"t&te &nd t%e e''e#t" o' 0 in"ol*ent. 3>) T%e A.B. 0o+&n! Ltd. %&*in it" $ei"te$ed o''i#e &tJJJJJ (%%%) !'$ '3 &4/ *%&
In t%e -od! o' t%e +l&int t%e +l&inti'' "t&te" &-out %i" #l&i &nd ot%e$ &tte$ w%i#% %e i" le&ll! $eui$ed to "t&te. It i" d$&wn u+ in t%e n&$$&ti*e 'o$ in t%e t%i$d +e$"on &nd di*ided into "&ll +&$&$&+%" e&#% #ont&inin o$din&$il! one '&#t onl!. T%e! "%ould -e #on"e#uti*el! nu-e$ed d&te" &nd nu-e$ "%ould -e ex+$e""ed in 'iu$e. -6-
(&) Beinnin T%e -od! o' t%e +l&int -ein" wit% t%e wo$dKt%e &-o*e n&ed +l&inti'' "t&te" &" 'ollow o$ t%e +l&inti'' "t&te" &" 'ollow. (-) M&tte$" o' Indu#eent It i" +e$i""i-le &nd #u"to&$! to ention in t%e 'i$"t +&$&$&+% o' t%e +l&int &n int$odu#to$! &nd +$e'&to$! &*e$ent" ;"t&tin w%o t%e +&$tie" &$e w%&t -u"ine"" t%e! #&$$! on %ow t%e! &$e $el&ted o$ #onne#ted &nd ot%e$ "u$$oundin #i$#u"t&n#e" le&din u+ to t%e di"+ute;. T%e"e &$e #&lled &tte$" o' indu#eent2 t%e! &$e u"e'ul -e#&u"e t%e! ex+l&in w%&t 'ollow" t%ou% t%e! &$e not e""enti&l to t%e #&u"e o' &#tion. In &n! #&"e t%e! "%ould -e "t&ted &" #on#i"el! &" +o""i-le.
(#) T%e '&#t" #on"titutin t%e 0&u"e o' A#tion Next t%e '&#t" #on"titutin t%e #&u"e o' &#tion u"t -e "t&ted in t%e +l&int. ;0&u"e o' &#tion; e&n" t%e #&u"e o$ t%e "et o' #i$#u"t&n#e" w%i#% le&d u+ to & "uit. T%e te$ ;#&u"e o' &#tion3 &" u"ed in t%e 0ou$t e&n" e*e$! '&#t w%i#% i" ne#e""&$! 'o$ t%e +l&inti'' to +$o*e in o$de$ to entitle %i to & de#$ee in & "uit i' t$&*e$"ed on %i" +le&din. It doe" not %owe*e$ #o+$i"e e*e$! +ie#e o' e*iden#e w%i#% i" ne#e""&$! to +$o*e e&#% '&#t -ut e*e$! '&#t w%i#% i" ne#e""&$! to -e +$o*ed to entitle t%e +l&inti'' to & de#$ee. It i" in ot%e$ wo$d" & -undle o' e""enti&l '&#t" w%i#% i" ne#e""&$! 'o$ t%e +l&inti'' to +$o*e -e'o$e %e #&n "u##eed in t%e "uit. T%e #&u"e o' &#tion i" &nte#edent to t%e in"titution o' t%e "uit &nd e*e$! +l&int u"t di"#lo"e & #&u"e o' &#tion w%en &lone t%e 0ou$t will -e &-le to +$o#eed to & dete$in&tion o' t%e di"+ute. In Sidrannappa *. a!ashetty"# t%e u+$ee 0ou$t %&" %eld t%&t it i" not onl! ne#e""&$! t%&t t%e '&#t" w%i#% entitled t%e +l&inti''" to t%e $i%t to #l&i u"t -e t%e "&e -ut t%&t in'$ineent o' %i" $i%t &t t%e %&nd" o' de'end&nt u"t -e t%e out#oe o' t%e "&e t$&n"&#tion. O$de$ II Rule 3C T%e 'i$"t +$in#i+le wit% $e&$d to #&u"e o' &#tion in '$&in & "uit i" t%&t &" '&$ &" +$&#ti#&-le "%ould -e "o '$&ed &" to &''o$d $ound 'o$ 'in&l de#i"ion o' t%e "u-,e#t" in di"+ute &nd to +$e*ent 'u$t%e$ liti&tion #on#e$nin t%e. O$de$ II Rule 5C T%e "e#ond +$in#i+le -ein &n&loou" to t%e 'i$"t i" di$e#ted &&in"t "+littin u+ & #&u"e o' &#tion. It $eui$e" t%&t e*e$! "uit "%&ll in#lude t%e w%ole o' t%e #l&i w%i#% & +l&inti'' i" 4 AIR 3?> 0 3>7?
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entitled to &ke in $e"+e#t o' & #&u"e o' &#tion. T%e #&u"e o' &#tion i" di"tinui"%&-le '$o t%e t$&n"&#tion i*in $i"e to it. One t$&n"&#tion &! i*e $i"e to "e*e$&l #&u"e" o' &#tion &nd t%e l&w doe" not $eui$e t%&t &ll "u#% #&u"e" o' &#tion u"t -e ,oined in one "uit. Howe*e$ t%e +l&inti'' i" &t li-e$t! to unite in one "uit &" &n! #&u"e" o' &#tion &&in"t & de'end&nt &" %e like". %e$e t%e +l&inti'' "eek" $elie' in $e"+e#t o' "e*e$&l di"tin#t #&u"e" o' &#tion 'ounded u+on "e+&$&te &nd di"tin#t $ound" t%e! "%&ll -e "t&ted &" '&$ &" &! -e "e+&$&tel! &nd di"tin#tl!. O$de$ /II Rule 5C %e$e t%e +l&inti'' "eek" t%e $e#o*e$! o' one! t%e +l&int "%&ll "t&te t%e +$e#i"e &ount #l&ied. But w%e$e t%e +l&inti'' "ue" 'o$ e"ne +$o'it" o$ 'o$ &n &ount w%i#% will -e 'ound due to %i on t&kin un"ettled &##ount" -etween %i &nd t%e de'end&nt t%e +l&int "%&ll "t&te &++$oxi&tel! t%e &ount "ued 'o$. O$de$ /II Rule 6C %e$e t%e "u-,e#t<&tte$ o' t%e "uit i" io*&-le +$o+e$t! t%e +l&int "%&ll #ont&in & de"#$i+tion o' t%e +$o+e$t! "u''i#ient to identi'! it &nd in #&"e "u#% +$o+e$t! #&n -e identi'ied -! -ound&$ie" o$ nu-e$" in & $e#o$d o' "ettleent o' "u$*e! t%e +l&int "%&ll "+e#i'! "u#% -ound&$ie" o$ nu-e$". (d) D&te o' #&u"e o' &#tion Rule 3(e) o' O$de$ /II o' t%e 0P0 $eui$e" t%&t +&$ti#ul&$" o' '&#t" #on"titutin t%e #&u"e o' &#tion &nd w%en it &$o"e "%ould -e i*en. Hen#e it i" ne#e""&$! 'o$ t%e +l&inti'' to "t&te "+e#i'i#&ll! w%en t%e #&u"e o' &#tion 'o$ t%e "uit &$o"e. T%i" i" intended to en&-le t%e 0ou$t o$ t%e de'end&nt to &"#e$t&in '$o t%e +l&int w%et%e$ t%e$e i" & #&u"e o' &#tion &nd w%et%e$ it i" not -&$$ed -! t%e l&w o' liit&tion. T%e d&te o' t%e #&u"e o' &#tion "%ould -e &#tu&ll! i*en. T%e 0ode o' 0i*il P$o#edu$e doe" not l&! down &n! l&w &" to t%e d&te o' t%e &##$u&l o' t%e #&u"e o' &#tion. T%e d&te o' t%e &##$u&l o' t%e #&u"e o' &#tion e&n" t%e d&te o' t%&t e*ent w%i#% &ke" t%e #&u"e o' &#tion 'o$ t%e "uit #o+lete to -e o$e P$&#ti#&l t%e d&te o' t%&t e*ent w%i#% i*e" t%e +l&inti'' $i%t to "uit e.. in #&"e o' -$e&#% o' #ont$&#t t%e d&te o' t%e o' t%e #ont$&#t.
It i" not &lw&!" e&"! to dete$ine on w%i#% d&te t%e #&u"e >' &#tion 'o$ & "uit &$o"e. oe t!+i#&l in"t&n#e" o' &##$u&l o' #&u"e o' &#tion &$e &" 'ollow"C
i) In t%e "uit 'o$ d&&e" 'o$ -$e&#% o' #ont$&#t t%e #&u"e o' &#tion &$i"e" on t%e d&te o' -$e&#%.
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ii) In "uit" 'o$ d&&e" 'o$ to$t t%e #&u"e o' &#tion &$i"e" on t%e d&te w%en t%e to$t w&" #oitted. iii) In "uit" 'o$ e,e#tent t%e #&u"e o' &#tion &$i"e" on t%e d&te on w%i#% +l&inti''" $i%t to "ue &##$ued. i*) In "uit" 'o$ +o""e""ion o' +$o+e$t! &lien&ted -! Hindu widow t%e #&u"e o' &#tion &$i"e" on t%e d&te o' de&t% o' t%e widow. *) In t%e "uit 'o$ one! due on +$onote t%e #&u"e o' &#tion &$i"e" on t%e d&te o' t%e +$onote. *i) In "uit" on "e$ie" o' lo&n t%e #&u"e o' &#tion &$i"e" on t%e d&! e&#% lo&n i" t&ken. %en t%e +l&int doe" not "+e#i'! t%e d&te w%en t%e #&u"e o &#tion &$o"e it i" t%e dut! o' t%e 1ude to 'ind out '$o '&#t" "t&ted in t%e +l&int &" to w%en t%e #&u"e o' &#tion &$o"e. E*en w%e$e t%e +l&int "t&te" t%e d&te o' #&u"e o' &#tion t%e +l&inti'' #&nnot -e tied down to t%e "&id d&te &nd t%e 0ou$t i" entitled to dete$ine t%e d&te on w%i#% t%e #&u"e o' &#tion &$o"e '$o t%e '&#t" &lleed &nd +$o*ed. (e) G$ound" o' exe+tion '$o Liit&tion L&w It i" not ne#e""&$! to ention in e*e$! +l&int in & "uit t%&t "uit i" wit%in t%e +e$iod o' liit&tion +$e"#$i-ed -! t%e l&w liit&tion ex#e+t w%e$e t%e "uit i" prima facie -&$$ed -! liit&tion &nd t%e$e &$e "oe '&#t" on t%e -&"i" o' w%i#% t%e +l&inti'' #l&i" t%&t t%e "uit i" wit%in liit&tion. Rule 6 o' O$de$ /I o' t%e 0P0 +$o*ide" t%&t w%e$e t%e "uit i" in"tituted &'te$ t%e ex+i$&tion t%e +e$iod +$e"#$i-ed -! t%e l&w o' liit&tion t%e +l&int "%&ll "%ow t%e $ound u+on w%i#% exe+tion '$o "u#% l&w i" #l&ied. Fo$ ex&+le we$e t%e d&! on w%i#% liit&tion ex+i$e" i" & %olid&! &nd t%e "uit" i" 'illed on t%e next wo$kin d&! t%e +l&inti'' &! "t&te t%i" '&#t in t%e +l&int (') T%e '&#t" "%owin t%&t t%e 0ou$t %&" ,u$i"di#tion e#tion" 37 to 5> &nd 0l&u"e (') o' Rule 3 o' O$de$ /II o' t%e 0P0 "t&te" t%&t t%e +l&int "%&ll #ont&in t%e '&#t" "%owin t%&t t%e 0ou$t %&" ,u$i"di#tion. T%e +l&inti'' u"t +le&d '&#t" "%owin t%&t t%e 0ou$t %&" ,u$i"di#tion +e#uni&$! te$$ito$i&l &nd o*e$ t%e "u-,e#t<&tte$. I' t%e ,u$i"di#tion de+end" u+on t%e +l&#e w%e$e t%e #&u"e o' &#tion &$o"e eit%e$ w%oll! o$ in +&$t t%e +l&inti'' u"t +le&d '&#t" "%owin t%&t t%e #&u"e o'
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&#tion &$o"e +&$tl! o$ w%oll! wit%in t%e ,u$i"di#tion. I' +l&inti'' $elie" u+on t%e de'end&nt;" $e"iden#e o$ +l&#e o' -u"ine"" &" i*in ,u$i"di#tion t%e '&#t t%&t t%e de'end&nt;" +l&#e o' $e"iden#e o$ +l&#e o' -u"ine"" i" wit%in t%e ,u$i"di#tion "%ould -e "t&ted in t%e -od! o' t%e +l&int. Gene$&ll! "+e&kin t%i" +&$&$&+% "%ould -e '$&ed in &n! one o' t%e 'ollowin w&!" &" t%e #&"e &! -eC T%e de'end&nt $e"ide" &t..................................................................wit%in t%e ,u$i"di#tion o' t%i" 0ou$t (o$) T%e +$o+e$t! in $e"+e#t o' w%i#% t%i" "uit i" -$ou%t lie" wit%in t%e ,u$i"di#tion o' t%e 0ou$t (o$ T%e -ond w&" exe#uted &nd one! -o$$owed &t .............. wit%in t%e ,u$i"di#tion o' t%e 0ou$t (o$) T%e
one!
+&!&-le
unde$
t%e
#ont$&#t
w&"
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+&!&-le
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wit%in t%e ,u$i"di#tion o' t%i" 0ou$t (o$) T%e de'end&nt #&u"ed t%e w$on #o+l&ined o' in t%i" +l&int &t wit%in t%e ,u$i"di#tion o' t%i" 0ou$t. T%e +$in#i+le" o' t%e ,u$i"di#tion o' 0ou$t &$eC (3) E*e$! "uit "%&ll -e in"tituted in t%e 0ou$t o' t%e lowe"t $&de #o+etent to t$! it @e#. 37 o' t%e 0P0. u-,e#t to t%e +e#uni&$! o$ ot%e$ liit&tion" +$e"#$i-ed -! &n! l&w "uit" & ) 'o$ t%e $e#o*e$! o' io*&-le +$o+e$t! wit% o$ wit%out $ent o$ +$o'it"2 -) 'o$ t%e +&$tition o' io*&-le +$o+e$t!2 #) 'o$ 'o$e#lo"u$e "&le o$ $ede+tion in t%e #&"e o' & o$t&e o' o$ #%&$e u+on io*&-le +$o+e$t!2 d) 'o$ t%e dete$in&tion o' &n! ot%e$ $i%t to o$ inte$e"t in io*&-le +$o+e$t!2 e) 'o$ #o+en"&tion 'o$ w$on to io*&-le +$o+e$t!2
')
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t%e
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o*&-le
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di"t$&int
o$ &tt&#%ent2 "%&ll -e in"tituted in t%e 0ou$t wit%in t%e lo#&l liit" o' w%o"e ,u$i"di#tion t%e +$o+e$t! i" "itu&teC
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P$o*ided t%&t & "uit to o-t&in $elie' $e"+e#tin o$ #o+en"&tion 'o$ w$on to io*&-le +$o+e$t! %eld -! o$ on -e%&l' o' t%e de'end&nt &! w%e$e t%e $elie' "ou%t #&n -e enti$el! o-t&ined t%$ou% %i" +e$"on&l o-edien#e -e in"tituted eit%e$ in t%e #ou$t wit%in t%e lo#&l liit" o' w%o"e ,u$i"di#tion t%e +$o+e$t! i" "itu&ted o$ it #&n &l"o -e 'iled in t%e 0ou$t wit%in t%e lo#&l liit" o' w%o"e ,u$i"di#tion ,
t%e de'end&nt &#tu&ll! &nd *olunt&$il! $e"ide" o$ #&$$ie" on t%e -u"ine"" o$ +e$"on&ll! wo$k" 'o$ &in. 6) e#. 3C %e$e & "uit i" to o-t&in $elie' $e"+e#tin o$ #o+en"&tion 'o$ w$on to io*&-le +$o+e$t! "itu&te wit%in t%e ,u$i"di#tion o' di''e$ent 0ou$t" t%e "uit &! -e in"tituted in &n! 0ou$t wit%in t%e lo#&l liit" o' w%o"e ,u$i"di#tion &n! +o$tion o' t%e +$o+e$t! i" "itu&teC P$o*ided t%&t in $e"+e#t o' t%e *&lue o' t%e "u-,e#t<&tte$ o' t%e "uit t%e enti$e #l&i i" #oni&-le -! "u#% 0ou$t. ) %e$e it i" &lleed to -e un#e$t&in wit%in t%e lo#&l liit" o' t%e ,u$i"di#tion o' w%i#% o' two o$ o$e 0ou$t" &n! io*&-le +$o+e$t! i" "itu&te &n! one o' t%o"e 0ou$t" &! i' "&ti"'ied t%&t t%e$e i" $ound 'o$ t%e &lleed un#e$t&int! $e#o$d & "t&teent to t%&t e''e#t &nd t%e$eu+on +$o#eed to ente$t&in &nd di"+o"e o' &n! "uit $el&tin to t%&t +$o+e$t! &nd it" de#$ee in t%e "uit "%&ll %&*e t%e "&e e''e#t &" i' t%e +$o+e$t! we$e "itu&te wit%in t%e lo#&l liit" o' it" ,u$i"di#tion. (%) Relie' o$ t%e +$&!e$ A##o$din to Rule 3() o' O$de$ /II o' t%e 0P0 t%e +l&int "%&ll #ont&in t%e $elie' w%i#% t%e +l&inti'' #l&i". In & #i*il "uit di''e$ent kind" o' $elie'" #&n -e #l&ied e.. $e#o*e$! o' de-t d&&e" +o""e""ion o' & de#l&$&tion o' title to io*&-le +$o+e$t! de#l&$&tion o' &n! $i%t "+e#i'i# +e$'o$&n#e in,un#tion $ende$in o' &##ount &++ointent o' $e#ei*e$ et#. In & +l&int t%e +l&inti'' &! #l&i &n! one o$ o$e o' "u#% $elie'" eit%e$ "i+l! o$ in t%e <e$n&ti*e. T%e $elie'" #l&ied #&nnot -e "u++leented -! o$&l +$&!e$ no$ #&n & 0ou$t &llow o$e t%&n t%e #l&ied. %e$e &n! +l&inti'' oit" to "t&te &n! $elie' %e will %&*e to &ke &n &++li#&tion 'o$ &endent wit%in t%e +e$iod o' liit&tion 'o$ &ddin t%&t $elie'. Unde$ Rule 5 o' O$de$ II o' t%e 0P0 i' & +l&int #&n #l&i o$e t%&n one $elie' on t%e "&e #&u"e o' &#tion %e u"t #l&i &il ot%e$wi"e %e "%&ll not -e entitled to -$in & new "uit 'o$ t%e oitted $elie' unle"" t%e oi""ion in t%e 'i$"t "uit w&" wit% t%e le&*e o' t%e 0ou$t. T%e onl! exe+tion i" in $e"+e#t o' & o$t&e "uit w%e$e & "uit 'o$ "&le &! -e -$ou%t l&te$ t%ou% t%e +$e*iou" "uit w&" 'o$ +e$"on&l de#$ee onl! unde$ Rule 3 o' O$de$ I/ '3 t%e 0P0.
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It i" not ne#e""&$! to &"k 'o$ ene$&l o$ ot%e$ $elie' w%i#% &! &lw&!" -e i*en &" t%e 0ou$t &! t%ink ,u"t to t%e "&e extent &" it %&d -een &"ked 'o$. %e$e t%e +l&inti'' #l&i" o$e t%&n w%&t %e i" entitled to t%e 0ou$t will not di"i"" t%e "uit -ut i*e t%e +l&inti'' onl! "u#% $elie' &" %e i" entitled to.%e$e t%e +l&inti'' #l&i" le"" t%&n w%&t %e i" entitled t%e 0ou$t will not $&nt %i &n! $elie' %e %&" not "+e#i'i#&ll! #l&ied unle"" t%e +l&int i" &ended -e'o$e t%e ,udent. But t%e 0ou$t "%ould not $e'u"e to $&nt & $elie' not "+e#i'i#&ll! #l&ied i n t%e +l&int i' "u#% $elie' i" o-*iou"l! $eui$ed -! t%e n&tu$e o' t%e #&"e. (%) L& +& '3 &4/ *%&7 S%&+/ $ /+%3%&%'
O$de$ /I Rule 3 o' t%e 0i*il P$o#edu$e 0ode +$o*ide" t%&t e*e$! +l&int (+le&din) "%&ll -e "ined -! t%e +l&inti'' &nd %i" &d*o#&te. %e$e & +l&inti'' i" illite$&te &nd #&nnot &ke "in&tu$e %e &! +ut %i" t%u- &$k on t%e +l&inti''. But w%e$e & +l&inti'' i" -! $e&"on o' &-"en#e o$ 'o$ &n! ot%e$ ood #&u"e un&-le to "in t%e +l&int it &! -e "ined -! &n! +e$"on dul! &ut%o$i"ed -! %i to "in t%e "&e o$ to "ue on %i" -e%&l'. T%e "in&tu$e o' t%e +l&inti'' "%ould -e unde$ t%e -od! o' t%e +l&int "%ould -e like t%e 'ollowinC xx "in&tu$e +l&int d$&wn -! xxx "in&tu$e o' t%e +l&inti''9" &d*o#&te
SAMPLE PLAINT In t%e 0ou$t o' C%%* 8$/ C* - I &t Indo$e
uit No. JJJJ 5>JJ. A. B. "o B. 0. 356 A B Ro&d Indo$e MP
......................................... Pl&inti''
/". -12-
M. N. "o O. P. 7: A B Ro&d Indo$e MP
......................................... Re"+ondent
S%& 3'+ S/%3% /+3'+9/ '3 C'&+& &' /** +/%$/&%* *'&
T4/ *%&%33 +//&3** &&/ 3'**': 7 -
I$/9/&7
(3) Pl&inti'' i" & Go*t. e$*&nt wo$kin in Indo$e MP. &nd "o on (5) Re"+ondent i" & +$o+e$t! -$oke$ %&*in &n o''i#e &t ...
M&/+%* F& '3 &4/ /7
(6) T%e +l&inti'' &$eed wit% t%e $e"+ondent on 3> Au 5>> to +u$#%&"e t%e Plot No 356 &t R&ni B&% 0olon! Indo$e. A #o+! o' t%e #ont$&#t i" &tt&#%ed wit% t%e +etition. () T%e -ound&$ie" o' t%e +lot i" &" unde$C E&"tC Ro&d e"tC Plot nu-e$ 35 No$t%C Ro&d out%C 0olon! w&ll () T%e tot&l *&lue o' t%e +lot to -e +&id -! t%e +l&inti'' to t%e $e"+ondent &" &$eed u+on in t%e #ont$&#t i" R". >>>><. (7) T%e $e"+ondent &##e+ted & +&!ent o' 3>>>>< t%ou% 0%e#k No. 356 o' BI I ndo$e B$&n#% &t t%e tie o' &kin t%e #ont$&#t &nd +$oi"ed to do $ei"t$! u+on +&!ent o' $e&inin &ount o' 6>>>>< (7) T%e +l&inti'' t$ied to +&! t%e $e&inin &ount on "e*e$&l o##&"ion" -! #&"% &" well &" #%e#k -ut t%e $e"+ondent $e'u"ed to t&ke t%e +&!ent. (:) T%e +l&inti'' &l"o "ent & noti#e &-out t%e "&e to t%e $e"+ondent on 3>3>5>>?. () T%e +l&inti'' i" $e&d! to +&! t%e $e&inin &ount o' R" 6>>>>< -ut t%e $e"+ondent i" not willin to t$&n"'e$ t%e "&id +lot.
C/ '3 A&%' $ L%9%&&%'
() T%e #&u"e o' &#tion 'o$ t%e +$e"ent "uit 'i$"t &$o"e on 3>3>5>>? w%en t%e $e"+ondent $e'u"ed to #on*e! t%e "&id +$o+e$t! &" +e$ t%e te$" o' t%e &$eeent &nd %en#e t%e "uit 'iled tod&! i" wit%in tie. -13-
V*&%'7
? T%e "uit i" *&lued 'o$ t%e +u$+o"e o' ,u$i"di#tion &nd #ou$t<'ee &t R". 6>>>><.
8+%$%&%'7
(3>) T%e +lot i" lo#&ted in Indo$e w%i#% i" wit%in t%i" #ou$t;" te$$ito$i&l ,u$i"di#tion.
(33) T%e *&lue o' t%e #ont$&#t i" >>>>< w%i#% i" wit%in t%i" #ou$t;" +e#uni&$! ,u$i"di#tion.
R/*%/3 C*%9/$7
(35) T%e +l&inti'' t%e$e 'o$e +$&!" t%&t
3. t%e #ou$t -e +le&"ed to o$de$ t%e $e"+ondent to +e$'o$ %i" +&$t o' t%e #ont$&#t -! &##e+tin t%e $e&inin +&!ent &nd #on*e!in t%e "&id +lot to t%e +l&inti''. 5. t%e +l&inti'' -e +e$itted to de+o"it t%e -&l&n#e o' #on"ide$&tion in t%i" Hon;-le 0ou$t. 6. t%e $e"+ondent -e o$de$ed to +&! #o+en"&tion 'o$ ent&l %&$$&"ent lo"" o' w&e" &nd #o"t o' t%i" liti&tion.
Pl&#eC JJJJJJJ.
(in&tu$e o' t%e +l&inti'')
D&teC JJJJJJJ..
QQQ
Ad*o#&te
V/+%3%&%'
I do %e$e-! "olonl! *e$i'! t%&t t%e #ontent" '$o +&$&" 3 to &$e #o$$e#t &nd t$ue to t%e -e"t o' ! knowlede &nd #ontent" '$o +&$& 7 to 35 &$e -&"ed on le&l &d*i#e w%i#% I -elie*e to -e -14-
#o$$e#t.
A''i$ed
&t
Indo$e
t%i"
t%
D&!
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5>>?.
(in&tu$e) Pl&inti''
CONCLUSION A 8+l&int9 i" t%e +$o#e"" -! w%i#% +$o#eedin in t%e #ou$t i" & +l&int .& +l&int i" "t&teent in t%e w$itin o' & #&u"e o' &#tion in w%i#% t%e $elie' #l&ied i" "et out in det&il. e#tion 5: o' t%e #ode o' #i*il +$o#edu$e +$o*ide" t%&t e*e$! "uit "%&ll -e in"tituted -! t%e +$e"ent&tion o' +l&int o$ in "u#% ot%e$ &nne$ &! -e +$e"#$i-ed .in e*e$! +l&int '&#t" "%&ll -e +$o*ed -! &''id&*it. Fu$t%e$ t%e +l&int e&nt to i*e '&i$ in'o$&tion &-out on#e #&"e to o++onent. T%e +u$+o"e i" to +$o*ide & -$ie' "u&$! o' t%e #&"e &nd to &""i"t t%e #ou$t to de#ide t%e di"+ute e''e#ti*el!.
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