E-governance- concepts and case studies By C.S.R. Prabhu

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is boot. E~aQV'e:man'Ce;; Ctut;' ;'St Stud udi~ i~ s " h e re re f o le,lcdlent addltiio,n h e J ~ te te ra ra tu tu r CO,ni:'ept'J' tm Ctut t h a : t i t is o n e , a m o n g many is an understatement. is he (iI,,, he b e ~s certainly ~ s ~o ~o n e llee :subjec:t. ' T h , e G o ve ve mm mm e of ,At.idlu:a m t taken to le~ga\iernan,ceas mi ht

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is s p e e a U y from Mr., P~bhu m e m l th N J C , e sp ooll oo ll ague ague ., Th assi assign gn ent: ent: 'o the e-g,o,vcmancc companies i,a:te,r. c om o m p e t o n o r e x ce ce l e nc n c e to t:hebenef~t. ,NIC'as wen, th g : o v e , n P n e n t . pr8di.caJ experience: gained pr designing' mdi.pteDentio:g ,sc'Vcr,aj,ne:p,a ne:p,a ment of h e U n o n ,lII1Id, :slatc go'¥cmmc:nts. p a r c u la la ry ry , u e ar the a s s tu tu d e s which wy,er b r o . a n s pe p e c u m o f l e~ e ~ go g o ve v e m a n implementation, .inclu .includin ding; g; projec projects ts iD value to 'the coD,tri coD,tribut but OD for his as

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materia materia

Preface E -g -g o e ro ro a e i he: es e n ~ n h e g',onmB!noeprocess, aJll o ve v e r h . world. Go .i app.ropriately h D p l c ~ win be SMARiT (Simp,le:" M:om.t,. Acooun,ta!ble~ mented.. Goodgovemance whicb. t . o o : l l i y in TWlSPafellt)go,y:c:maoce op

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U S A . th U K , C a :~nloeo-govemance. A l s o , ' t h e . Pbilippines,!, BrazUba.ve

e v e lo lo p on Ul w3 Ch S . n , Lan~ implcmentauons. atsoprogressOO e-gpv,em~ It is E n h i o n~ n ~ eJ eJ [ h a J J Co ooi ,el-,gove-mance! b e c o m e s , obvious, m l ! d thiS b O O k isan ,attempt to fulfil. suet ee &L bar.ViI! elp< elp
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tb prov,lsion 1iUm er b o o k a ng n g e f ro ro m n .e .e , de d e f n i o n o f e...spvemane~ED ju e-,guv, e-,guv,em em anc rnode15' rnode15'i. i.~nfr ~nfrutr utruC11: uC11:J. J.rean reand. d. manpowcl:' manpowcl:' facilities. ma ho .d mi g oV o V C i m m lC lC e he e: sp vc app]i.caJbHity pos:sibl.e p l a n . oma w. actioo. this d]recti.on. Besides.. h e a cu c u ) fS fS ; dea}tw.itb. duu. intlue:nce thesUCCB.88 '(!II: f a U u m o fe fe - o y e m a e e o je je c s·tudies,hr h i O O o . k :is t h e , p m v i s l : o n lndiancase: n d1 d1 .8 .8 n c as as e s . u d e s a nd n d . o u r intemati.onallc·8.$e .studies. $ ' J ud u d ie ie s in in ~~ ~ ~ u de de B 1w 1w Q m a p o je je c o fl f l ((aa m 1 aJ aJ ~a ~ a J a JGove~nlj, CARD I C C o . m p u W : r .N.agarpalika' A i d e d AdminismItlnn Re De m cm cm t ma }n .Bodiesof' MUni(!ipaHties).. rr in Judiic:imy.!, SQc.hi:~alaya lo{ahini (e~l9vmumce at SecIetadat). t~,KhamtlCi ( C O . i D p u t e r i z a t i . o o l e c ~ tm tm l l i K n o w J e d g B;ued Dep31u.umt). ,e·PancluQ'at ( E le te m a t o n a c as as e u d e s PQlChaya(). PQlChaya(). The n te m f o m U SA SA . C h mz and

com'PlU:er science. ITcoum!s~ int'eoded :t:Of s:tldents Tbi:s OOot~s depmtnlt'!11l1:S~· mana:geme~. public ,~dm:i1l!istrauon. Ip addid.on,govemmen!t both th Cenl1re a nd adntinisRalors nd . variouss,Uttes,~and m d th 'userul bOO hi g' i, yfcr yf crYcR't YcR'thope hope dlat th1s b o o k . w,ilth its m ph ph a both principles a se se " u d e s w o u e aU a U y benefit h e e a e m .Any oons:tmctive,suggestions o.ftheboo.K fortheirnprovemenl: be

w a r m l y ,appreciated.

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Ls e, e~C'ommt!rc'e ~ma,g3izlne for pennltlting the FinaUy~ Iwjjsh thank Dr, Clay O.Wescott

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comprising. o f o ce ss e th 'pUbUc~ ' v b : . cimns,. It atsoin'lolves oolJ:aborating witb. ·businesspann.et'iS. dJc;go,venunent b y c on du c n g e l ec t o n c ' a ns ac t o .n sw il b t b c o m . Besldes~ it w i g en em l p u b for' ,ointaact with d u : : gQvcunment throLlig'h.cleetro.ni,cme;ms, genin",. the , d e s i r e d services,. . I D , odJerw~,e--gMem~: .means a p p 1 l i c a t i . o n th iinmaetion. ~p e-Jec on mean m.

..b us lilless ~' in governance

I. g o v e f D I R e D l . (0) a n d . c i c i ! C A S (C)~both w a y s (i .e (j'2C a n d . C2U),~ w a y s (i.. . 6 G ) and g,ovemJDent ,orbusines:&es opcmu.
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m o ~ than jUit preparing, wmc~websltes..nmnges h e diS&!rmnmon plain fmAl. 'Ihe bas«! infommtionat hand itssim_p,lcst lc!yc~.to : sc rv ic c a n o o l n e t a ns ac uo n s utillizilq IT i i B . ·the democraticproooss :itself i.e. &g.OvetDMCC .implies; e-democracr'(JJacttD. 2 00 1 w h G r em . p H if o nn e d e .l e c o n ic a ll y E'-I,O\!i en~ as di:stiin.g,uisbed.f rom g :o vc m a n ec , e om p r s c a pn lM a t Qn U' :most co,mpu!ter L n . l l O ' v ; a t i v e ~ecllDologie:s and communication. tecil:mol,ogles~ n c u d~ n I n e .m e t lecMolDgy~ :for delivedngeiffieJent no co:st effecti.ve _11.11 serv.iCCStM,g .il1!iorma!tloD WiU.a.liOwlcuge to cillmns, Lx:ii:ng gpy,cmw O v m lU n

(If t h e , c"govcmMi.ccini,ti9ltivt wiUbc govemmen.t. d Je ~ iv e r n g S e rv i o e s toclduns a ns ac t b U S D es S o.ffering e: er m a uo n or on uc u ib ] a u iO.Iem.ctionswil tbeg.enera b us i e e s u s n g s ' l i I c n ITtools;u~ VariOUs. manifestations

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night, .1.tfvet'aJJ:d IDBb;ting·tOOil Cummunication' T ~ c l m o I D : B Y (Icr), pri.vatc ~tnr ha~..~V{ ?ee~ ~ni.vIC~y d e U y . " .o serviees in ~thc p u b ~ c e co gn iz e d This .hasresulledmared.eflBilion th :~undmn.ental.concept. g o ve l U l D c ea n a ls o · in rooognizing its potelHial tDChanp !both mlbtuliQoS! ,ami delverymecbanisms, people., 1..1.1

hy E-gover'D8ace?

h e e am p fUl!iidamelil!td. m o ov mm 'lndia. and. ,elsew'herre;~5'1Ii 5 ~ o g a R - - t p w V i I R T avmuneDt-- U S M A R T being IU o n m . O rS . e ~M o ra l Ac o~ D!t amdR~espo.ive' Goyel'JlmeDt~ h t U l d a b l e 1,~tfh.o'u.Sh. m a y b e : to a c l t i c w e ; in flCality. IIbUl wewJlY conoeive ill m a m a .Mumc4pa1ty Of ma M~ very eu u! e a m o de l No w. hs uJ Ithe diffi,culties i R V · O J . V e d iu achi~v.iDgChjis, dClfD:bjcetl.vc of ,c""go'Vcmam:c eanbe cuttia,gtnc: cost complexities of pl:ocedur:es bypOissibl business p N ' > C e S S r e e n g i n . e e r i n , g . , h e on omi 1)e.nefi,t. we cpeollie through wOOtIS caUed. 'd!is:iJDlterrnemation'; .i otbecwoal&t e U n : d n a t i n g mi m a o r toulbetween. 9ample., l h e g p v e m m e n t mdthe people. by aS5essDlCIlItand coUeeu.Qd 5,ystem N d Q o e rthc sy:s't~m apan frominC"Rasmg: D. OODSumer Inmmer: 'will reduce conitact with ,co[lvenie.ace.. The, o n U n e s.y.s~embased .mediating offioials, theretry .reducing tllc possibUilly D U l iI pm c t o o T h i d oe : ot o we ve : .DleM is tackling :primary objecti.ve: of c-Iolvemaooe corrupt~on, ,cven.tOOu,gb .i:t i. f a n O W ; h o u h . o t neeessanJy •. Ev.i.• . U . y . ~ aebieving , s u C h ..lgo"emance~ go beyon,d. 'objiecUves, computerization. loffice ,operauons me;resi.mpte gm!,crnmen~offices. should 'mean &asticcJrum;gc in ' l h e w.aythc government respons:ibiliilies fb.r the: o pe : e so . h i .means a. Rdefined set ud ar T h i leqJuir'esbri1'i:g1ng about asoolal th e'Xiecut~ve. lelis1althrle comprehensive~ ICOD.Cen:ed pla:ruted cathanis. which n e e ds , ~ o b done in .manner. Histon:caUy, 1.t:Yld .lin '(-hUe that initiative w:aSi tailen rep} e-gov,emancc 1:912~ h e n .d : l IT a,p,pl cat oDs ·wete;unheard. of m g p v e m m e n t UPIM eariyu mi 'They used e C Jm i q u e s o f IT D o < t 0 j paper prescntl!yooing gO\1l!rnment a pe r e s to o . less De' perfomll.govemme'Jlit wort.effic~eU!tl;y ..Th.e;y rea!Uzea thart transparency is th abiUty t. e gu l a . e , h e , conditions, transaet~.Qns. P,rof:. Staf'foro. 'Beer


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th Govt.) G-~o-G (Oovt. toGovt.-w:iljl:dnand.acro.ss th G o Y G&: O , Ciitizens)1 C- oon of Ci w i th a,OY •. GBuginess) Se e s o f h e C io v \0-0 (Busintssin,ternd:io with · t h e IGQ\1_.)

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ues inE-o.overnall!c Digl i. id

;.nric.... ~. "., n·~"":~·-no.!"l'1 ""'loif"H .. .... cl bylhe govenlrnen!t departments lolihe public tn 'lmUof S :l a w e bs i c 5 • . 1hese w e :b s e -s . ~ p m y id e n fo m J iu o n . about th ms depanmeot ooncerned. charters. o r l ' l , a n i z a l i . o n a l details. E a cU i C S l1 va il ab l a n objCCriV C 5 . C i t i Z C O , s " pay:a:ble~ etc. Howe:yer. s e rv ic e s p ro v id e d ~O' th ,public along with h e h e o l .o lTip th specific ors,aniQtiDn. increases" th S_11eS o f g o " e m m e n t d ep an rn .e n a t e m p t alprovidingmoR::ad'vanced mi senj,oes o u h . a o rm a o n ma payme'Dlts. allo specific msa on u ch . m c o n o f the· public withlhc Gtaduany~ h i government ,ieads~o' '_:-r!""~" iflI"'~ -:"~'li· ~ ll'.-'-~,.... ._ e~v ~.ne 11__ ,,,!l, (lln

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initi,atives" theirperformanet 'betterequi:ppedtointcract . ii l lcitizens a nd . p ro v d e lmproves 8odtlteyare. ov he m m e L T h u s , the; ci.timns aRl, t:naibled mm tax.es.make paymeJil.tsas, IIiItHilty b m s : ~ o cu m e n s " renew licenses, difteR'ntkinds ,l'e8eFVa1i:ons fo:rpuiblic male hlilplementbli

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til, e-govemattee; and Do wi ho m. e~gove"nmlent, coueqaendalproble,ms~, digital divide' n no y ,a t o : b as . Theseini,tiatiy,es have h e o te .D t i th l l l 'm sooiety~ ' G S p e c J a U ) ' m the poor and dc:¥chlping C O U f t t r i c s " WbUctbc:, . m a y benefit certain p r i v U e , s e d e"'80vemanceimdatives, e c o ns o f h e o c e t notbaive acee" to Internet ' Q f n o ~ w e U ho t h f l : underprivUege~, dwSCI distlncd from,the tbis w U q g BOyemme:nt'~, e ve n fw1:her Gg T h U i it is ibc e x i s t i n g w , v J i d c b e t e e n , t h e . p r i i Y i l o g e d . a n d h e dUIcn:nt , s o e l O c.onccmed ,casaR: that ,all cl:tixnsof e ue n h a o ve r m e n tIu\!: ,educational strata w , r n . ,have adequate acooss a n m f ta s m c tn re : p m t c ip a a nm c re a s D s [y b e b n o ~ og ic ru . society. the o .m e s e r e p wffttcn1: oounUies. pobtic poUcymakers at:ccs, , a n d oH ~S wo ul e s iSllHS Uo ,I to match th liCquiremuts tb.eir ci:tw:,u~ initlaLi,\'e,s,

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Wibile. d e a U ed r e am b RqUired toad.tlmss these issues~ptenm:mary im:dicatio.nsare Illremy ayallabte that c-gp'Y"elD 1m Cei ncreases efficiency.. ,~ effectiveness : a D d citizen. satisract:ion. Howevef these; in be e~go'ilemanceservite:s p o o l V i d e d t o c i 1 i ~ Q S a r e fool-proof" R l i l b l c a o d . i n c : , x p c H , · ! l v e T h e s l 1 C J u a le ff e o f e"S,or¥ernll!QC~ n . g o ve m m en t departmencs h e i o og . e nn . · e f f ~ c ,and , I U l O l i c ' a,g,C ;Q eie .sa re, ye! to be d Ie n u ed ~ 8 l srudied.. More reseueh, is ,required. to lbetaken longitudinal ,effects an y:ct.lo e..g~vclllancc: leads, to decenl:n1.llud townetheJ' .rmltiD:S.1'.

SiU]I1So.r oUS.i.n e s" . .- ! : ,eiS whettJ,e. reen,gineeringin gOVe.rmrteDt, departmeDts,and pubic m g uo ~6 th ITimple:men.tanons mquired.busin~ss do indicate pmeess. .recngin.eeriQg (BPR.) w l h i eme gOYcn1!Plcu,: de:padmmll.. , H o w c Y c r ~ cobelmplemeutcd whetb.~rsucih rn.mglnooring wUhout : a nY ' reperenss:lons",wJhal. le~ga[ eh.g~s : 1 f e q u if e ~s e issue-satel ope,Q J O t ' eei;SiOI!l.'

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h e p re re q u is i e s f :o r e e ng in e e D g th processes, in : t h e ea :meet:ramcal clumge!l, :I b e o ce s e s o r ~ p o ee d u R s die:y lcadlO o o . n s i < m m b J e mpertufiSlQ11S.SOnlctimes a «e p a b e o r mp emo e~ wi hma ef CWi


o f o rg an i a t o :D S B r e involved in s :l iu ,d y n g h e s e J ss ue s , T h e , imitiativ·c" o f National C~ntre Public, ProdliClivityit.

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ITS S I C O P E

CON'TENT ,Bvcntb,ou.gh,

RI:stOrica.ny

WBsChUc

\ V , h i e b hnp~eimented

fCale,-go~~mlmcc

solution ur en e re s and ancouo.n ly e " B ov e l M l lc e a pp l c a o n s a l O'V"ef th wOlldbas. its reets in 'tlte '"Information Vi.ooPresiden.t. early Super H~gh,waY~'conoopti.ai.tiare.d Go defiin.ed.~ar8e~yin 1 99 05 . T h e o rm a t o n SUpe.f HIghway ms the in'~armatiJon

the;utioAilil

level. by m a n y cmJ:ntri\es~DQh&d.ing; th

Cao_adB Au h e f o c u s , was, theal.gely :n c am p o n e D . t , o b e in f: ra s tn lc nm e ~ suCh fibfe;opnc netwo,roks deYlelop:ment ms States N a d o O ! s l ' Subsequently. th .~I1I,teRSt. w a s w id e ne d 10 loch,ute ooncept s oo i econ.o.ic co.ns,idemtions ,enca,psulated. l,,/onnaf,ion: .Kn'Ow l'edge SQCiety~ w ,b i b n ~ tu m U y h a e nc om p as s e-'goYernance. ; . .&.um::i:S ZiOW e..governance COICep~ came into !l,lil;;:iIllg.Ina .. ;& o r m a l Z . an impl.e:m.e41t o c! U e d m :m n e e ve :n t o u h . em. o r m f io n S , e m s ~ n ov me pa me ,andodlicof p U : b U c ; been.

Society

withpanial Wce&s C O W lW e s .includ ng lndi:a~.,Such e a : r I i e r a f t e m p t s f u e s a te p a tr o M g e '0 b ro a d- b as e d a n ne e w b l e i d iv . d aA l o r id Do r e ce i v :6U'ay ,rd:~cmpt8mar-y

e ne r

ur

ci~cd

1 '9 9 0 s , b e g ~ v em m e n l accepithilg ..

,a

Oiyer

thewndd

.bnplcmcnting: commerda'i 'world~

'Comm,un.icnuou Technobl8Y ~ilI.ctudmgme n d U t S C r ia l .w m d . . bad, g e n e g;ovemments a l o ve r me Ar a ls o p c p b l: ir a ~CT~ theircoreood 'th~ir c re as jn g ~ y o . e a C h . 'out acUvilt es" C'ot !!lmefciil enterp ise-s u lm z e d C T Informa'lio!fl3ifid

a n d. bu 5 1 in cs s pa r n e m ~ th c .R : b y . m p rc ss . . vc ,~ yenhancing: mcirs.ervice~ me oo qWlliil.y, s p e e d . a n d . v l e n i :e .n . c e . E~CQmmeliCe,thus h th e m. reach.ea, h . e x pe c e d ICi!ii'l:j~S)., :lto,wever.,vistblc;succe-ss leT (AutDHUIJted Tellc.F ClJStOIlnC'4'S·

Macbio.es:) Kn:iCGS:~ o e e s e le c o n ho D S 00 the W e b . th er Th llruimi~ed. D T V ~ inte'FiiiD.g c a o l " [ Ch loouM Elatn.ple-s infQ£.mation. sySlems, fut~pica~. 'bact otber8ecloFS u f b u .: jl n. e, ss .W i d n d U s . .. fact. S'uCh ·olffi.ce:f' dJeveiopJ.n,S Icou~,d ~ b a c k o :f f c c "c o m p U ! le d z a : o J i countries lite n d a ~ w h e r dIe S : k U ] , o o Urlsik:med

Copyriphted rnmeria'

beeaavailable o pe r o m \ m a O WC f h a at o W ' o s co.st..effecti.ve sateUitc cmMlunic:atl.o:nin:fmstructum,faci!iJtamd. sach . n m m t l _mop.mmt and f in a c i M t v ia t o . a nd , :in.dustrlll if sonw,are maint~nanoe he of wa ex oJ af'me me acti,vlty in 'C01l11!triCS,B u e l l '~;'na.S,·~r..I;i~A":'I-:~;'o ._ T : '''I'' ' I n · d l ~ ' a . . '[~II"".J ,AI"'.1 1 1 ~ " o :o d - 2 - '1 I V II."U LI.~J~ 1,"'!;dQil_.I-U, ~"'-L W.IU, ,I .. .. n,:!! e E u e d e rv ic e c -r v c c sUCh ,llS F IE S o .m m l h e m e o r c o m p C m e n 1 !. o : r c n r o t a l o e n m s ~ d a a . en!try etc. Howe vcr ,a indicated I!UlJm'~ a U J es e a cu v werenet eH tn Cion.ciemed w.ith, e - g o v e m l m i C i e . Govemntents of InstitutioncS bandwagon :attempriIilS: tobame:ElS, Howe,,'el. theguvemments o v· e r : th e worldfjo_aJly w o k e U,P'W ou lCl' tbc-m ,acu.v.itics. ,cftllrts o f e . o ve m a simp,l} l I C i u l t e d . in o n l " . , partial u to m a O : o f L e x ] p ap e b a s o d m a u a p ro e u r a n . d . diid.not eSuU _I

,_IIl_.LN.Iftf-

wi

O Oo g e e

or op mi on WhI e! mp en el oA, of CT th. _ b u e s h aa s '-5Ut~·~ u i-, ,, ,, ,. .A j .a- m O I I-'.~"'''--, _8 !gl~ .n~I~S e _ ._ e l o ~4 [~IOJ:iUJiI:SS A0 0 =, ~ g m e e [ l n l o 'm Q ~ C incf'fiticnt~ l un e ,D , o na . b u s D e s s u rd t (BPR) a n d . ~ o r es tn .u : m r e orgardzadons aroundprocesscs that :suppol1com b u : s :i n e s .s ~ i n , . s i g o i _ U C U J l . c h an ge s , h a .v e . f a i J e d . I O ' h e g .o \ e .m r :n e n e n te rp r s e s s u cb . a d c a1 a extent. This &~Ituatbln ,cauldoo uaced.to Y a u l S fa c o r ..01~ UC gov>e.mmen!t u r n c u o n m g c o :n s e r v l s m . , ! f e S l S 1 1 8 D C e . ! J O l I ~ g e . ww. ngt.wly of legis,~atLon wruicb.impedcsii.eamc.ndiBClii!t o fm l es : a nd p o ce : J t s :

A_.

man.IJenmDt me es go,""emme:nts.yslem. ,c:"go'Vem,ancelila¥e

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n ~ n od O o l e s

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busine,ss and. :industry h a d c f l l untolllched. s~pe:arul 'e.xte.n£ S iH l p l~ , a p p , J !j :e a U o D s w mj database rnBrI!a8~mmtwi!th;:n tbe simple JCf' .i,th. gradll!8lJy e r m a n a e d U S 8 , g e

gO\i'emment e p m e n hmg mi me lUSag;c ~e hn og es uc e-mail.. oonferencing Q Ve mm :e n f w r .c t o D s " ,potenHany e U v~ r D I ~ i n i a n _pw vemelus g ;o v l e m e n ~ s e , rv ic e s . fCThas ·been.visliJ:alized by dCcper ihavingmuch w.ide:r impact :soc·iety . a n d e v e n c ap ab l o f ec Dg' he; qu of emo wy. H:owevcr~ .slgntflcan:t.~ssues that become :Iilighly .relevmt .for large govcrqaDce · a r e theils~es ~u e : m p le m e o n o f )'CT u ] e r a lb iJ Ih y o fp u bU c ' C ' ,in.fmstm.chlrt to cll'mGtpdentiia1 abuse.terrorlsm~ oc o he s o n a n g e e r c:rilime:.,in add!iition 110 issues .Rb!led~O andsoeial , c : : c lu s i o t t following w h a t is poPlJlat~y known. the d~gftQldivide. NOlWitDst:!lJndtogthe dlgiim div.~dewhich basicaUyrefers .[act of es ol oo eo ~e u r peopl,e:to :lnteIml" too, indircct benefits. to ' I I ' C " T " In 'd g,ovemmmt: moc.lm.e.ry WI"0 .1 m,computenmtio:Oi . mp quru.i~ty I1r~ of people,. T h u ~ ~ h ~ CQ p e leT :iimplemtntati.Qn. o ve nu n e n Dacm.ne.ry cm.

resalr

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efficJenc:y e:ffc:c;ti,veness e : x e c u u v , e , [unCUOllS 'o g o v e . m m « . u l t " ineluwngdeUvcry publi!c S G r v . ~ c e s ; m m eD , business. e rm iu i o o e r' a e ee s tothe :illfo.rmati,on. ge.nerated Qrco~l aredb: th gpvemmcn,t; W n m ne . d.dz.en cflang,e:s, andilDl!,pRl've:me:nt in mlatia,nsbe:tw,ee;n 51tal'e

nterac ons an e]a. onsb ps I m aX lg s d if fe re n w L s o f h e s a m e : g o v e nu n e D t g o v e , m m . e : n : t s w~dl:ln,a,CO,uD,try't wli1losegov,cmments weHnabted" A n ye " g o¥ e m an ce ; ''

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bardware, ;a:nd

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r e n d . o f globalgrowtlt in e-govemance utilization by peop.le in different c~a~egodcs.Th,e:y~ndlc:aI1Ie th of a d u h s id fbHow:ing: 1bepmpo:rtion. he e .m e loacos:ss, g ,a ve : .m r n e: n s e " ~ ce s , o r products dlurinS h e .has i:n:e:reasedi a ro u nd . S pe r c en t a cc o d / n .g : o l .findings o.ldIe second G o ve m m e On 'U!:n citizens SWd!ypulbUshed Taylo.r N e ls o S a e s T h r e e · cenU govem.mefl!t: :scnriloes o : n : t i : n e ,compared. with. g,l:obaUy sai that~hey h a e ee s y > e a r a.gpl, Qn~y a. quarter GOl'em:mcr:u. onU:n:e serv~ces. re 'lrI.ost ,cammon]), PreS'S

reperts (d.uIiQg the

informaJ1.on. (24

of

mf

to

gove:mment o :n .~ jn es e " l ce s l :s p l m n r l . d U e , proportio:n o f o o e a h i~ n o r o n E io n om to pedod o m S ep : e rn be r2 00 1 S'cptembe;r 2.0(2),. pe.f e e n r from. just per. ce:nt to o!'!Unego'V~m .enttra;nSiacliollstnc;m3ised s o · - ~ud.L ""~'··rIIS \0 pii:.L_tli:h _tU'1Dg l:b',:' p e u ep e o " It'.g ,<.... 'f ' ~ ; h per cent to g~) vemm e:n increased from per' c~m, o m e cOM:tnesh pertell!tag:e inere'aise,has been. s.i,.gnifi.cantly higtlerthu increases Amo he mo llSt;O.f gove:rn:me.nt: (from er es on Aus e! e n te TlltI.Iey (from pe cen.t)t il Netherlands, (from pe rent to cen,t)t . 3 4 i : percent ID 43pc:r cenil). :I ,con,tr.l&tt in l'apanthowever, cent 'O s~vemmenl: online US3jgefell. O l o m 7 pe ~ cent: zc b ¢ w ee n2 00 1 n d 2 00 2 users),

he

Whil

s e C l! I h Y ~! i! sl ll e abcueaccessing

B ,o ve ,

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on

we~


o n e A l o r m a n y counmca d u r

2 fK U ~ perceptions safety mp Wi cent of dtizens worIdWid'c . s a i d bank 'tbatlhcy fe disclosing :pmona:l i n f o n n a . ' l i < m . s u cl i a s emit c a r d ! omp ed z en s n 20 0 1 account m u n b e n o n ,cent. o i just: l4 r t b e use, pe cent). Rp h u W I . i n c f e a s e · , o a lm a s , w o . h i d s o f g o v ,o r n e : J t n l n e ~ 1heScandlna:vi.Uimatkets (Denmarlk. F m t m d N Q rw a w_ [(SiIlS"pore· a m i . together willi s o m e , s o t i l l t b . East Asimmukets H o n g Kt)nghh lve~ ~ci.v,ed l h e b i . g h e J t .safelJ : ( a r o : u r n d '~d!.kd users.)" in ea es o ne cm s we ex system. I n c on t a s the they mg mm 'Getmany com). g o U n e w u ~cuJ~ Fr ma

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ey

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is

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e e n t ) ' , . and. a m . o n g , those aged U D

o mp a

w . i t D . ,odIcr

as.e groups.

Duringd:le past goveJ'MlC. onl ncuso . m r u : L t h s :su·bstantia!l in.~in 3S~44yClU-ollis ( f m m 2 2 p e r . c e D t m 3 1 S perce.nt) ha en m. 5 5 - 6 4 y ea r O l d (from percent o , J 8 e re e mt u se . am o n ~ o e : ma 2 0 0 : ~ .to aged Globally. proportion oflntemet. users, wbobave : m a d . e ·tnJlUCtiOllI ushlg IPv~t. s e v i e s o n n e is of eme er Da ma .a1l en me ho u. Fl en er en in a dd i c m . I S on e mm e n mn o. en m a de a o m i purchase t. e u o n e · u r m .o n b s the past. ·Tbt pe:roeDtageof m t u M : t 'Usus w'bo, 8CCCSS g o v e m m m t · o m i n c ICrvices to vari.e.s ,considMably .lC!OSS different OG1mtries f r o m . en Norway. W e n d M e U o r D i fe c o r~ T ay l o r . N ' e 1 : s G J I . S o f r e s · commeDted~ ' T h e i . m c r e u e . ofgoevemmentonliDcservicca iill 8Slo1HU. 1 ev e $ U 8 8 e & l Wtlbe : a c c c . p t a i b l e .means lISa Uc g O \ 1 le rr u n e n t a c v . a D d l oc : a ll ev e ls . H ( I , . w , e v e r . ~ significant ducto~ of serYilees~ d ] f e < e u oe s e x is t b e w e en . coun:w,c&.., ma.y awmncss UHrs~ and. access· p e rc e p o n s o f 's af e tY t c r e l a . v a n c e Ihe . m t e m e t " amfingo~. In C<.ll!lD.tries si cfbas SiDl.gapo m. Norway SW1cnen. g o v e .r ru n e n t s e r v c e s aMine. is is like~.ylilmta si,gnific.ant :proportiOllof ¥et in clUz.cnsreel e o m f D l b. l w i l Jl h i approw;;b. dcaUng withgovcmmmt. K o :_ r · w h e .r e . iI!lSageJigs cou!I),tries ~ s u c , n Ze and S o u t b eh i e ne r In:ternect· U $ C ~f .m l r c needs done to n s c s s : w b y ' 'urpgte! onljne services is slow w h a t stepS be ·tUen. to addFcss tbjs. M ,a o ov , s ta t s t c s OD. ·tJ:SaI,e urnebound. O v e r tb years: · t h e r e mj ' e ~ g o v e m a a c e ,all OYCl the: ·wotld. rise in 'lheusa;ge


W h i l e tfte,

enwll!ra,ing~ o:fe·'gOY'cmmen,t r:e..\e3lch, s h ow s th iu , f 11 em a jo r o f h i powth is m n en ea Ch o r lO!fbrmalirm P'CrsQ:UJI Lc'(JQU:a:uou ~(J: Wi!Ul p ro IY l'eli __ g,OVmlnlCnt. T h i s . maybe d u e o p e r e lv e d ~ty ris'k,s s e Y ic es i o in cm a s e m e s s & s e s , a b o u t , th safiety a f g o e rn m e n O I 1 J l i n e s e r v i c e s , D , e e d to be c om m u n ic a e d e f o c y c y .


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w,

'e~,govcm811ce:rundamentaUy as appUcati,Qn, of n m f l J if i r lo U $ , g l O v · e r n a n ' c - e aeti,Y,ity. Howevef.lbi:s c a :n b f r n .a n if e s l e d . es D y ill. m e UI mode,~s.Models o r e - o ve r o e m e e.5sentla] n,gtltpellq)OOt~v,e DI , c . . . g o v e m a n o e implGmentru],on.

in this chapte.r

sha1!lsurv,ey

me mo

e . 'gnvcmancein

developing:

cnunrries,

re developing eval,ving gOiVemmcci h. e ne r m o de l h a e : s ha r e du p~ . C eo : u n , a n d . re ruunng e a e r being .r:e pliC'Bted.. re based, h e lOOereJJJt, c h a r 8 c t e : d s 1 1 i c s f' 'ICI mo part 01 th sruch as enab~ing equalncocss to i f l ! f ' r u m a t i O : f i to arny·of:l.e d i, g l :a :l ne tw o r . a n d de>-eOllce:nu:atlol!l, info:rmoiliolll entire; digital netwa[ k~ €oonec;1i:ng so'urce;SJ, o f i n f ' 0 1 ' l D 3 ! D o n . m p e r e nm l ma Dd h e .DlsitaJ. G o v e m a m : : c Models ~U),t o w s fun.da enmil. dmnge :fmm. t b e " . m m e q u aU y 3C ro s ;nI] ie oo s~ , c o m m O n hiernn:;mcal l I H f ' O m l a J t i . o : n flow ;m.odcl l i l ea ds , t U 1 C q U a J distributi.Ofi of mma oo h e C e !ikewed. p o w e r R : I S i U . o : n s . he e mm e n depmmen1ts.Equit.y Hi,erucby . 1 : 5 based oml on o wm . O t be aiI.w.lI.ys o c > m p a t i b t c . w n l l g o v e m m e n ! t : . fi i 1 c n m • . Therefo.1ie. a:pp op i.arei ad inis rati re:r rm:s H I ! SO m e e e n m .e e r ! n :maybe qu Eo :iim:plemc:D!.ted. e,.guvem:a:nremayoo;really needs U)OO are than these. Rl.ocle1s of f1u:n:damentaHy diffierent from those aH po.pular in dle:velo:ped c:ou~cDes ~pedations from, diffcRoces inb;:sic c 1 l l i d i , U O R S ..andpersl*tivesmd The slx.genericm.ode!s goodgovemance.. are: CmJflII.trnJ!.5 Mo el

wm.cn

I. Broadca!it~llgffljJder Dissem,nanon Mode 10

Copyriph ed

ateria

l C ' r i d c a . J J. R o w M o d e l

3 . C om p a v c Ana]ysis, M o d e l M oh U i 3 ! Lo M o de l .. mlleractin~Serv~ce M o d e l 6 . B -g ov e n an e M:aludty .M:odci~

aa

model g o ve m an c

Th.ese

e x b~ b U s e " ye : a l v a a t o n s d e p e n d e n t the 1 . 0 0 0 a l sit.u:a:tioA u n .c U o n c a e d a u t h ro u g h these: mooels.

2:",2~:mBro'.adcastingAVider

UisseminationModel.

Principle mo

l. based, ha

is

in

.~nf:onn:;Hio.n beuer public ma wi ma dlroup the a i e be h i m :m o oe l c o n v e : g le n ~ e d ia . T h e e t e r h e o ye :m a n citize:nry s , a b ooU'nde:rstand e cb a n :~ ! m ! ai n m o r e m p( )w e re d tD m a k J fo n1 1 c d h o i e s a n e X !e r ~ se ~ r g h ts . a nd . e sp o l ls ~b i e s F lu rl fl . h e r g r e a c [ l il eH ~ oo d thIn h e o c~ e u l h ca gc ud a I n w h ic h t h e l lndhddU!olsare e q ru ,a U y . ~n .f o r: m e d w : t e ns u t Oml of ema ot e d IlQ, f:iliViOU ir fe;w. Th wi ml ol model allema.t'ive c h a n n e l :fOI' in.formation. .asvaJldil~e in.fmmadon avaHabte: M, eKtemoo.SOtlrcccs.The ma w~des.preadappUca:ti.on hi mo gmdttaUy o r e c h e s i u :a r o no f i : n f O E l E a d o l l fai.~lIJr-e provIdes people with c a m m o n . ull~r.st:n)(Url,g dlebas:EC goverlmlmt~:re:llUedinrGE:matJ,on ·to iup Ge a'CHon. .. 'P

~-,.--'---'--'-

licatwns o HU ne . Ptin~ng, gU\i'Cn:l:t'll'.enl laws. :and e g s la t o . Ma eg v a a l e rh e n a : l 1 1 l c , s . C - o H , t a c t a d d ! r e s : ! J

e-lirIaUs"

u m i e rs , o f 1 0 0 3 g ~ ve m m , e tl 1 a l officials o n m l n e " M. available Itey :i.nformaJtionpertail1li.ng to g.O'v,em,m.e~~ia] pl,a[ls" b u d ' g . e 4 S . ~ . expendhlllres, an perforraance on]iine!. j u d g e m e f l ! t s , ( j , u d i : c J , a l . state:ments t h o , t comm,on. c,i, iuns ..and c:r,eaIUng precedence fo:r£u.tl!rre ac:ti:ons onHne" v.~z. key envtri(UlImentretateJdi \I eme St CU.izen c o u r t mings~'C~lt;. Projec,t (jISTN1C:9' (GC;l1eral lnfomltlit'lon Services T , ' e m : d n , a l uf Nation.al Infbrmaoc.s: C e this m o Ib~:s project. dilegoViemmen.t mp ag'eDC:Y N IC ) d j s se m ~ na te s g e n e r . o l l o fo rm _ _ o n o f b ou t 2 5 siubjects : s u c : b . B c o : n o . m : y ~ : E d u c n t l o . o , C e r u u r S t T'Qun:5m~:etc. ~ogefi.e:raJiPubUc:. GQV'tm_m,~Bt publ.klsed,. GO arebeilg popularilyof govem:l1iiIe.iI'!I~: depart.menu; have b e e , n . seU~ng up' m m W . n a i u i n w e b s i e s pWY'lding i l l J J f o F m a d o n . abou~. thepubllc ,g s . ~ J t e s l o i g P ' V e r n m e o t diepMunents: can. te'aclled through . :n i t. io " :IIi g;crn.e.m1 g o v e r n m e n t website.

Copyr'ghtcd rneleria'

EwduatiOn· fimt step to mare , e , Y o h r O O . f m m s lo:f digital g~vefDance: l D . O O e l 1 i . moslt C R lC . a J O D e as ii ,catalyse fmc ,acccuand flow o f w o n na t o n

TWsmodeJ also' th

th

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SJefVi~S

as ' t O e

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co.o¥ergml

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mo

M q u i r e s E om s h t

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pplications applications, m.vo.~vcRiakingayailable. ou

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ut Qnt

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reseattih.stm.di

enquilyrepom

,and ,appraisals; oom :missloned. by the

government:ro d}e.l'dfiecmd partie.s; (0) h u m a D ri,gbt li vio.lation. and. c dn r n a

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.ror

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Copyr·ghted materia'

aoout.specUlc nd gpvema:noeu) li.ulild a se s o f s ta te ~f a u f ea o r o ne e 0 0 a e t l l l J n . • m e dme! by ,fucUingpobUc unrest thc:;moocJ D s t [ ju d o n s a n n d~ y~ d I J s o , ,e'XeJ'ilS pressure ' o n . d le ~ c ,o n c em e d g o v e n m e n people

,iU:l0' o ce s e s D l

on

of

: u U C f e s : t a f I ld o p i h l !t O . U (I ea ma 5,uc:h m o

.organizations to m e ef UV ew a c o ns . es m . o o c l . w . i l I I :not woik.in ot os ef , a I ' · S ' " f ~ ' '' '' '

ub

iI:"" ""U,..n.,

he

debates and oOensl.lIieal ' lJu.... " : 1 . . . . . ..i'ii 'I'",.uun:"'I~.' .... Oji~''i',In,A,hn,(IIUT!.ol '' .. ,~~'...'. ., ,' '-!'

mt

o pe '

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he ~':'

me

.,..·h·

me chanisms dio, nat1!lle.

~fi'it..".,11 IU.I ...

iU ,,' .."'I,.., " ~ ' I lnl,y~",uA]'vu, t'n... ,.

nhe enl ·the t h e : government medium.. T h n s , feEim.cted. di:sse:minnHonis
Comparatt.ve Analysis

:Modell

Princ.ifJle T h e , C o m ,p a : a U v e A n l y s private Qder momw

M o d e ~ . b as ed . o n mmn s tm te g e am j ng :

xp1:or ng onnat1. avai abl wa ow it w:ith th.e an gumen s. Ruxiel

m o w l e d g e p r o d u c t s a n u se s h e m benchmark e,'Vahm.te ha g o v e m an c p o U c i e , a nd ! a c t o n s , . T h e o o m p a r s o n .c o u l d . . a s,Mps'bot m a d e oy,er he e se n U u o n (ooj'o.re..a :f~r analysis) J: betw·een w o , d lf fe r e nl t without $i,wariofislo uuoodtaQd th .effecti.vmesiSof a n n te rv e n o n I{witb cont

1Qu:sl

8 ;s S I ,

at new

fer to ~SlR:ngth inihe boun:dl.ess Store, i . n f o r m . a U O I i I . in r em c :v ab le ; mannera:nd t F a n s : o o t it almost. instantaneously across all g:eogmpilicidand h i e . r a r c h i i c ' a J barrie,m,

,glle:amng~eami:ng:Si

Gu

from go~cmm cn,.pol e i.e sandact ons 2 . E S 3 bU sh in g ,conditions o f judl.caal.

h e p as t e ce de no e espec~a'~ly~n th ease influence £ u t u r e : decision~matiDga_Dduse it res:olvingpattdilit-f,elated

disputes. p u b J i e s , o m - t s . cnvnership lCNeb E!l!abn~g,i:~f~nned decbion.~making:ataU ~ n h ;a i c ~ .n g h e : back,ground. knowtcdge a nd . p ro v d i ..mdonalefbr act~Gn. 4 . E va lu a n g h e :perf~ce record
Copyriphted rnmeria'

a n d . loca'.l k n o w l e d g e pmdu.cts CH ob W a tc bg l u d o rg a d za t o ns , e n J8.0nl!tor groups ,oou~.d l !e C O .m s , ,o f , tl e c a ra l candidates rm

relativ,e]ylow

net.

lbe

sbaRtRm. 'their a.YaBabiUty of

howre:ye:r~

.Ilbillty o o m pa m t v e • .w m m . a o n s e s an d b e o u t s t o D _ g W ' U m e n t 10:1 , s c l f ~ C i x p l a J i l a r o J ' Y ' i l i a : absenee, h ow e U ' e co m ~ O e e cU vC l sbort public: m em m y

cost.

h e u se m

K J ,a aa l_ yz ea m lb r n g n a y sh t T h .model :strong civil society .lnlemSl

2.2,.4 Principle most e q t e D t y us e diptail udbu govematl(:Cm.~~1 ' o f t e . R ,eomc:.w b e a i a fe iv U s o c ie l orgtnizations in , d e ' e : lo p i n g coWlimes ~ g m 'p ac t m t cm a t o n decision-matiI!Igp~. m .o de l ed on e d cIreeted,. irlformation build Lobbying:

.Mobi!UzatIOD.8IBd

·t

u _

pmaeuveap.proachof

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fomUogv.inul comnl1mjjties

IL.LR;

. h ic l J s I m F e . siimib:rvalues bctwtcD these infOmmtio.D.

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pJ:oDloonS

l.

mn

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2. Formalinn

es

O : L 1 . g : 1 O b a i ! l :issues

etc.

decisi.on~'mak:e.rs

·rak.e

into oo,gnb.:aoce... vuices, backward ma ,cl~se, .minorities uadhion41.ymargina ze(I.tfom dccisi.oo~makmg , p r o c e S i 8 . wider panielpatioo in d ec is io n o < m a I dn ,g p o ce s se s 4. En ou patietlla t h e m e : .m 5. e v 'c lo p in ,8 g1 o ba l expcrusc l o c a H z O O : i n t a n n a U ' o D to decisi,on..;mallng" he

mmo

BUaluation· L ob b Mobm~ijQn Model im:UviduaJ!i an ommun ,poUey i s s u e s create ,an.elfecd Vie, detemilll.for· g :o v1 em m e watchful inthei:r on e s they tuni"die!

pa ci at on of debates. T h c m o o e l

od es

a,iMQ.D.

and.

di

o:flooall

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8ltdW


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uper:tiSle

ud

wlly.S

c on du c n g

Op

O p in iO D p c> l b :,on:pubUc issues,.

pievance

redressal.

ApplicatiOns ,n

allDmlilD1

'I

..o n

uc e o o nm m c i o n e d o gU i 2 . C o t d u c n S c l« w ob i ballotsr~lh¢ otller' office, earu .3., Cond1ucung public debatesJop.lmoD pOHs,

Wl__ P O , ~ l e y - ' .mal: c . . : ,_~ers

gQ~gt

Qmci~

eoaeem

befum rmlillatio 4 . F i~ iQ g o f g r e v n c

of ,p lie1C5a:ndl~ slat ¥c fm ewor .. u ze n w . · t h e on peutio.o~ e e b aC k n d cOi me me od P le du m i U Ye r w ae t o D s o n s L c ba s e ve nu e conectioB~ U iD go . a xe s g o ve rm n e u ta J prooumnOOlttpayrooDttranS:f~ etc. C a r y in g o U i tY ld ie o o o n fe m Bc J l g ~ a n o n I n e d i S C U S S I o n witllpnlic:y n:tab:ts,.

TI

m o de l

COUDtries.. Such

ma

·embe
e - o ve m a er ma

es 01

Ylcry

effective.

developed .model

higher :m.odels,. abRnce 'O This: .lr!!lIiku it d!imcult,to r:eplieillC il developing 'C01U1!triCS :i:ndli.v.idJll!a1a n d . secure leT access. Various othcrlSS'UCSaiso ut hb upUc oo eo e re d e fu l e fo r be auem.pled :i th devcJ.op.in coun.tri.e.s. Howev,er. hi oqa tRnd detinik\y ·tJJe


oo Qr oo m o d if i c ad .o n s

O 1 : m . o d e l in o rl oo -a l adapladon.

. i m p i l e m e n t e ( l , .iniill t O e · countries. with

:MATUR:ITY MOB.iEILS ....v ,erslon lJ})IU (O.C:.. M 1 T h e E -g o e r o . :MBliIiIri~y .MooeJ (E Anj:ali Dhmp).,.based th c o nv en t M .a l w f r W $ l .odelll,pmposes. . a t ' I li r i :sorrneilcveJ:ls ' c f l f e c t i v l c o e s s with whicbthe: mamrily~ e pe n o g o n th m aD c Qr .imp'lememed er weet:ss_fWl, o m p e . e d T h e m o de l a i J s o :providcB, for identitiemioB ' o ' E · , y. o cu s u cu iu t need. on en a: ed or at ai e cL f .matudty~eyclas. discussed below: TradititmaJ]y,. . I r : : T enabled m u t e l .( ood o: Ce W] to e . n l I a n c i n g tnm:sparen~y iothe s . y s ~ e m . a n a ,citizen. .El..govema!l1.ecls.an. p . r o v i d e : PfOIEpt: quality scrvices, :Q complete: dfecti.ve implementlci.onrcqllilec!i e ;Y o u i l o n a r p a tb ~ . h o s c undOl'$tandi:ng it VI!ioIilS, e l e m . o : n l S t h e . s a m e time uWng·a. l 'I O l i s d . o vIew slay foousedon. i.ts o v m t l o bJ e cd .v e s E~gov,e'rnaJ!l!cejoume.y· encounter seve,rm m l m r be ~dcntt:fi.cd anom,odcUe

so that

.'

a pp ro p a te , e o u rs e of action be ·tabm by · l h e . o rg an bB t o n f Of 'u rl h c! r [tsway the of ~g.o,yernan.oo. TM E~go'Vemance'Maturi.ty Mode (EMM-·yemion c f l ec tl .v eo cs s

wi h.

wlti.ch h e e - o v G m a no e e : i F o . m hav1!been.initiated. :pu[;Sued"u.W:iud and. :jnstJltutiona~ized. .~ve~t. i O f a c . t al t o r r ur l O D S S5 n i a u "l e a nd . a cc o d iJ :1 Ig l : m a 'l ce cf fo r fo ofc-govemwlce he mo _ h a r a c te r S D C S : X h i b ir te i th lo rg;ll.ll!izati,Q tl:Sat a r o us l e ve l a f .maWrity that will faclllitatc ·coneet .asses~nt: provJtksKey Focus A r e a s . (KFJU) that to a t t a i Q . e ve l be particular m a tu r

Levels The E-goYC'rmlllce !l!u3__ ,~. 0;1•.

il ·based on the,fBct

,Matwi'tyM.ode.l. ._e__

u u1-: q U l ~ J '

_OOle,

g cn e u D : g whhchc:an. belCl~:er:agcd acoountability in tt.I.e sysitem~. tn ma. providing · f a s t e . r · access torigb~. 0'-

a_Mii'mlfJ~[

r :a . S p a

c )" . ,lid. m p n fo rm a t Q f t

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~ :4 f ~,\..o.lSJ . - , 1 f - · i l i ~ t i e s , 0'",.

s po n s v e n e s : he mmo be gb time~ -b---·h--,:-~bl·CliC pu.

,C

acUv.~tyand. e f f i : C l e B t : dG:~iv·ery·of emphasized services he ma us ome ke.y e ao rm a r e i a ro r o . the. government. department. 'The ·intem al. CfustOrners it.s 'emp1o.yees :and th e,IJtema] users re ' t h e : mi ml O YC mR lC 'D t :and o o n .- g :o - v e m e n . ta l , e i t i : z e n s . b u s : i n . e s s . e s . o th e b o d e s · th a R c c-gol\!'cmmce endea.vouI...Ho·wc~\'er:~tbcre profess,i.oud X1 ml us


ma it

p e d Q m 1 i ~ g w e U even

tlialt

functions,. B v e . n suchorganizanODs. ma o f o tb e r e l lS o ns , , a n d . oilierbene:flts. e~ e d e ~o w 'Ihe m a u d ~ e e l

to

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le

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by S:llb~;uentj.ysust:aillling it

user&.

~.

' 'cOleR " ..J'

'I

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h e : s t a g e w il en . a n o : r g a n J J z a t f o n does

fad

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'I"L!: '.I.mS

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tl.

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Tihe e-governance I:oitiative, o r m z o n h a il clearly approaeh"The f u e " O V ie m a nC e " ee es me md

s.y:s~emad.c ·I.slQR. objleCliv\':s rutdg~

u:ndiertai[e:n

w.it'h.

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p Q l ic ie s ~ , st ra te g i .e s : . '\i',ariiou!lBc.tiYitie-s;.stakeholdern~ro~e:s and.responsU)Ilities .i£eSO!i:HCCS lllone~y JJ1U!powerm u n d . W t a k ~ i .h e organ].zaltlmru~:s eema e xe r e . H ow e e :

,p~annedimph~meDiUm.

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he c o m p l e c , e~ g o ' f e rn a nc : , p l a O i , Conseql!lienl ~.y,.an~n:tegraled. s:y:uem is ,e-s,tablislh.ed d 1 m~ oc I'__~e orgaD1ZaUOna;rei computenlie_ruL'ce°[C w'~,oere - -1.. T11e D"J'i '' li e ' rgu:iz.iiltt, ,n slam dt.Jivtdng th services well intemal ex.ler..nat s to m e m f u se r an ef ! e m a nn e j:'

],

Copyr·ghtcd rneleria'

COi~,p'lete:riea]:iiz;at~OlIli (l_l'CSOlIlfCeSm ml mD

plalill~in. :aslQs;le

ilnsWiDee~WQl!Ild, I c n t a i U

D J a t l p o w , c r : . W_~iC__ :fOl Dperationalizillg me p pm a &.,.... 1.. 1 1 . . . _ , .":;',R ' 1 - - " : 1 1..-:11OiII,IU~er uSwCa_OD Wiuuu 1!BMlJ " "

IemI1S,CL UnU'jmm:tcy

Dl~y Recessi~cue

adoPtiD,I, :1 p h ,""",.i... '!... 1G:,.g;ovematloem",~ees.

b ee n

R:Blinltlon,of ' t h e , o po se d thlltmeil!51!1RS oryer :apcricd a J] s I in d iC l t v e o f ' I D e , openneHand e f € e o n v c D e S S me Th with, b i .c n 'In:: n f ,among ih,e"adoos: Clltllti,(':S, a ;u o ,n l c ~ ~ n an g c the; m gm 1 ex em o o inlen1lal).., (a),

Relr.ospeeted.

e ve l h e ,orgamzwol, lias Rtfospeeu:Yeljr Attbis s,tldicd p m o c c ' S S c s , in ov,cul]J, illSilusioess: 'l!~gorve.mImOO ObjHt;,'yes"dI~1 se"ifiC;o()rie:mJ~dap,mlcb (w,liIue:in 8 ov e m m e n ,expected 10 ,cffecHvt:ly deJiwrlDc :smiiees,w, its, c l U : s r , m e r s :I I 1 1 s e r 1 i) ~ a n d , c'baD,~es~ ~f[lC,uired!.m p' csses ,aR bdtiatoo oonsWlJ~ e vo lu t o n mce

tJb),K~rea~y~ this stage. '~-:n:amDe!iS !e:ss=ti!a]S'I'~ ' w m t ' , Dl!Iiildingb!ocbfo·f e-B~iVemUlce. aeeel!lRd the ol'luizatino. PartIiaBy open.

this stage s o m e

e " O Ym m t C e s e e s ,are I) J~immDWiM e~.dbangc .amo o,gt m ;g ;m 1 im t o n out:siu

'Qpefatitl~ati~

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. i. th i D

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have e p la c n g

te mlddle~t.o~upper':iincome m a n u 3I l s e rv ic e of mn

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lev,cl~n.come F o e :x . m . e .

Ho

Kong,

services Q ' M R . e lhrougb a U f o n m u c l o c r u I la i s ta t o n s k io sk s n d v a o u s p ub J c to ca t o n sa s estal>li:shed the: h e h a n,ewl.y he buUd:iDg, 'Governmeol. Both. a ge sb e1 .w e e p eo p~ , groups kiosks" pwv,ide services tlttuughp~b1

StQge 5: Allowi,n

online ;~mnsact,io,"8

he U ze ; Interacled.tArou,gh o uU n o ,r t h u e m e t , b u t l ll ad c p ay m e n B addition ~opermiiuiF.ig sif!l.~leonline enquiry b e : e n ab l e d . makiepayments ee slage4,

a p n ca t o ns . a n ed ma

th

citizens

kiosks. obmined

servicesthmwgh m a u aU y ut ow Sta,ge in access t() information, citizens file hld,ge c o r n p l a i u . 1 S od Ue

pe:n()ml an.}' ,otilefmmsilC,tioDS anlin.eth:iDugh ci~nkiosk ma m. ibusy JI~b]ic localti,ons. T h l s I.S, stage in y 1 3 : 1 e ·a ch .e d n . devetoping ,already :r:eached. lD

ttan:sact every govermne:nrt bus:ln.esSOnJine In Siogaporetth chimnscan a n d r ou n d 'dle e le c h ro u operated :s.pecial1y designed using smart ,cruds.. T h e y c:antransllIcl al govc-mm en: A'l~lated.businesssuc:h as s oc ia l w e a re ; l a m s . tax assessment and p ay m e a t, v. is :a . a pp ~ ie a l o ns ,a nd . H c en s fu:ndOF

c ar d

H .o w e v e r• . h i

s ce na r o , to advucedt,o, C O . u D : t r i e c S ~ " v ' c n thoU(gb plas, are 10 e x e c u t e COUfSe!" dle;veloplngcuu.nuics s:jmnlll'~ni:tiati.ves. Hrnited traflsaCl:lons: w.Hh. h e g o ve rn m en t by th citizens bs.vebeen matie:onlin.e he Uc O D S in Beijiing" C h D a eeuntries, kiosks iD 15 sueeessfal; thl:s: Ko I :n d ( fo r l an d e co r d e m U s ) . . St he un es h. ei mn u oD , have :ootbeen.rnade coHect~ons ,ilhematirvely ~y a n o pe ra to r allrrw :tnmsacUOJlS ,eoUeclting m o n £ \ y ) . The m a i n e a e xe c th lnrernel ·oonfi:de:nl secure hICk, 'o S¢(;:urity~Jlack nl'il!~neial tmnsaeriens 'O It'le e t W i he en mp eme of ms mr co:un.trie!l"tbe cOIl.ride:n,ce 'o financi,al tr,aD&actions maybe dlev,elQ~d an

l im o lo g c a

i l! b the proHferatiOJIl oitbesmart

wa

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in the eni ir (Government~D B,us:in.ess),tr,onsac,tions.tmere na,ve advances in v a r i o u : s dei\i'ei.opios C O l L U 1 ! t r i . e s .F o l ' , ~p le . ~ n h e beenim.pre,gshle enabled e le c u : PbiJlipines, th,e Custems Bureau meu o f customs release il smiPments. p . o e -e ss : n g o f cle.a:mn.ce of doculIleulS dll!ty~.e le c o n sy:sreM hasre-sul,ted. tofu.t andseooJe(tansmission Fa'_ym:ent eonec~ed by banband p a y e . ! J !l lt s , details, m. on Hn mmi he

be

oo

s : n v l Y a d! va n o o


o nm s . A n n fo rm a t o n c a l ed . " 'S e le cl i v l ! · c ~a te go : z e h lp m e ;n t y. nr h~8h. m e d u m transacdons. through other appropJ.iate, e , x a m i n . a : n o n procedures. This .reduces { m u d , e : o : r r o p t l o u a n u he intera.ction undesirable e f t i e c < t s that n o a U , r e s u l t fromtnepe:rsontd

offi.cials. th Dusiness o me ~ e f h e ms ~p mc c~untrjes. S im H a r e f o ns . e v ·e n h o u g: bl im U e d , havebceift has. S[l1;,b Thmland. and. l { _ _ ( I r e a . Cu ms De eUmina,ted a.UAlanual. o ce s ~ g h u ea ef en mm~p en Indian 'whicb b ~ s · mi Cl!Jst~nls. Department. s ta r e d n p l em e n dn g Electronic Data. l :n te f C h a nl e ( E D 1 ) :0 Korea,ti]]e . P t d : ' U c : o c ~ u r e : e n t Seffice'. ce~ntral govel1lmetU or:ganizatlon J : i e s . p o n : s l b l . e fD o Cu r D g

o m m od i e s

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ed

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m a n g in g c o n a c s fa f

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ow

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ou e5 tmnS,parency.. C ' o n . t F a . e d l l g also o,peraticm,. efflciency su:pply firms in£ormation i H i C : being. g em in g ·computerized. accounting be:ing:

~a ge

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automated. countries

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h.

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mp me e-enatdedandco.mpanble

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the: l S u p p J . y i n g AP

nnns,

c:nv~mnmefn Intemetbased lende,ring ,and. coillfaclingpmces:s can. es ed .sucb th documents. from. contractms inc:lud:iJng periorman.ce records arg~ni:zaUons: direcUy c-Dmpu~er neltwQrks of'rc]evanll inste.ado:f r:ece;iv]lAl middle m e m ! m ! U y 1h1:sprevel1i~'S fal!JiC [0

e um e n

e:

iD

supplied..

of be se ef ol s. be e~ o f . f 1 o a d i : n g : ·50me~ ac vi est privatcCQntracilors JDan:y

loperate! t b e : evenut.s from t A G · c 'U s to :m e m w h o : m a . y be OpcfflCe ,{IifC!~ooeilsas i:ndi"~du~h~ or busjne~sshQu~s.Th~re~ Build. mooc.ds. me Wi stories in mis. :rceg andla llover th incre:Jislng .pulh1ic m s nnd privlJltizatJoH,. thesem.o
h e . o nv e on Ol

o na ~ o ve r m e n ov me a t c om p a y ~ thereby

o wn e o pe ; o n e!:;ample~ servlces, e n t e l y f in an o e d 3ncJmaintained by wo rm !

he g .o r y ·e m e in ts a ls o a r e X : p e ,c re d l !liO f()nowillelead.and.~n.\!io,lrve p r v a te , s e c tc r in whom t h . £ : y ,can ,creaJtln:g partnershiJPSW.ltll snpp]iers, costamets:tog,edlerwitb b e n e , n t s . . T il e p r v a e ~ to ctJt.c,gS'ts!, m p ro v q u ha .~ .t"""'....

~>'h~I~C 'c. y;-: '~'" ent~~po... ue gtJenlmen.

hlifunna1J,on in g.crvetn,ulenlt ~ th ou g ot w. a~so~ way llint

he

he

mmc

l . - : ~,,·:I!.-n 11~ 5'IO H__._ WJ.C .p U":l

miil.ybe

s .e . (cmfide:n.da~ a n mo mnp by thegO Y < m m J 3 n t dev.e]op.lng c o u n t r i e s . . hi its, : s L l c b purposes, mme ag.e.n.c:ies

e, It

Q m e t~ m e s may be

isprefenbl.e

Copyrighted rnmeria'

B·'''RJ!'

rilJhiRil diJlital

dem('J~rac;y

D em o

e : m i c 'h e d

mu

by

ways,

,and.

&p Uc Ds Uy support partidp,atory and democraticprocesses specltll~y cre-VCJOp~Dg t' c ~o U ! o h ~ sb av ~b e en id .e n t e d T h ,e s ~ Ia t a:ppHcatilonstnlliit e :M i me he en o q a m z :a . o n s " a n d by prncesS!csthrough.Intemet e :x ' e s h e m se l e sb 1 o t n , emoo a' a n o th e r e ~e c o n c m e an s bolh these Exa:D1:p] es, of _ .a :p p , c a o n : .identiifi,ed e ve lo p e o e ie s In Gr me be cited! above bebo.ugbtb:y poor w o m a n (wit& the women h e l p , .o bank loan}w.ho rent it 0 0 o th e r pow ii, O O : E U J n e r C ~ a l l y v i a b l e : .rond cd1 w o r k iR theficWs. finally" h i p h o n e sCJ'Vj,Ct~ lcad~ng,to sjgnfficant c c o n c n U c d e . v c : J o , p m e n t . Aa me se[f;'&etp grou.p.s, .poor fo D W CR A ec with nUCfO' Cc_rcdit.. ' T h e , y were able to gfO'W b i n oo ,g h m e O W D banks w h i c h u s e ,,~CT .si,gnificant level _-~eap[l:u.cati'ono!..-," 15 or : S O C l d y group,s · a n - _ ' orsWllz:atHlOS w id e s pe c u m . Scv,eral!swup.s -Cln. e~en o m b in e o rc es " a 1s e funds c:haUenge multinat~Gnalcm:poraHo.ns... T h e s e ehaJilengeB CR be dhi',f!rse important

NGOs e: un on othe self~hc]pgrolps Their networking could be acme~ed.througbICT applications. T h C om m .u m t ,lnfonnatlWl C e n ~ C IC ) P ro je c N o r h . E as tc m . S ta te s Department InlomuuioB (liC,1 'tip by Nadona1 I n f b r m a t i c - 7 S O e o n o n T ee b o lo g Technol.ogy., Ministry Cammunicadonsand story a£ c n s : a g i : n , g in.I.CT ev me by

strengthenin

democracy, democratic:

p l O c e cs sc s

aDd

processes.

win co'me: d i g i a ~ d em o o ra c me Japan. voting: form: e~,ecrro:nie As es setu.p o r m t e m e l b a s e d voting in e . ~ e c : t i o 1 l 8 . , How,evcl".this willbe er e nm t e : e lo p e Ph im p D c s he also COwtmc-s. leT ingev~ra~ ways: h e E l ec t o n C o m m i :s s o l l .h a su s e U [e r inf0r111411ion wefiet.ep~ in..ir w~b 8i,leaiong tjm~Dgs nd oc ti ~f polling b o o th ~ . , . is se m n a t o n ofsl!Jch. nFo.rmauoA.lhr llugh InterllU'~lt enbancedwith N e w ~ s Media. H o w e v e r , d e v e lo p in g o o u n e s larg~y h e Uy other cjlmer (Danlal developing VM o un t e s e v e n h o ug h E le en -o n Voting M a e m n e s b ee n u se d o r o t u r o s e s h e ,entire oper.ltIo,n is sliiU m a n u 3 ! l ~ v,en h.ougb et wa pllJip(l8eS o l e r h a Yotting, itself. in ma md beginning n l m l D . y s m a l p o ll s e s pe c ia l ~he developed ccuntries .. ex ec ed countrie-s~n another

ihe 1 0 'n & e rm .


.Ble.eINA,Ulrdbf.·.. ",gr ed orj:ofDe 1 1 1 1 .Iovern.men' w i l l a : .uplofu.re nd Judie:.", 8:'qe

In le;fin

sm8~of e - - g O Y , e m a n c e eOlDprehensiive, . p o n a J I . ,lmd~ ,smart. card ma &o various· fOSp
a ls o C m t iu g c ,p o r a ls , Ichocklist Q su r

e~g.Dlyu.nmUil,t. CitJizens:

(I he

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a pp l c a o n ~ f in d a ns w e

,obtain o tm q u e n d

M~ed q ,u e

oo

In ,S:iQg~rcHd

o m a b p ay m t qu

Ho

en

KO

s,

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lueh ' T a i p e i . (raiw.an)wso state-of.;lhe-art portals. a r o p e ra t o n al . mm ~~OneWindow't ser.v.iceon. m e m ' e m .e t o , administradon~ C~CKC. Ue S : m m ' c a m s a r g :m d J ua U y b oo o m in : f U nc t o na l C ou nm ,e s l'll.db activiti.es. s ev e a l A s ()fl.:a!OOlll In .M.dhm projec~ olf~ $~~8le-roo:f~ ha b~nSpaJ.meill4 property reg.istration~ taxation,utillt servic:esof

Ul

F i oa JJ l

d e vc lo iP io . intesmtioll IOOllt.

1ieleVimt oo.tnme:r:cial e n l C r p r i 6 ! C S . .

m m : card an al nD ,presently w . t ! t h . In.p.rogress in tbesed:iRctions. it be :pointed ,otuth!at.t:hiis I D g n e S ' t . leve:~.

c ou n . e s

S in ga po re . a n

e,,'gGY'Cmafiolwith

". ud

OD.

a.siogl.e p o n a l

e.go emm e[ 10'b e o m e : o pe ra t o n l . in masn H.ongKong :alreadyhave:)" Forther at

an

" ~ e g s : ! U e : is

(0

me


CHAPTER

lNTRO:DUCITION

4.

'ID',-~,-:

W-I-,c-,'h

em. el

",,-"0 ~ ' a n - d l

'cne

..."..·-nFcn,g··'

'i .' '; ·~

'm .:'l " . ..hl'li'Ilt:

'itli'!lOI!'a'-n''',()'f~'nt'II"!nA,iiI-n·g.' r-.....,Y"""''"_'.,

~';I.'14_u;i

mm~rmi.um" ch3lltmg:es; 6f hene, Data w a e ,D , ou s a t : m i n r m g ectinn1ogies have extensive potenual ~p o D s ~ i h e o ,e m m e n w r u s ICentnd o ve r m e n e e o r u c :i S'tate Agrl"cu:ltufe Rur,alDeveJ,O''pmeD,t~ G e v e r a m e n t acdv,ities.Thcse technologies Icaoand, should thCRiole imple-meo,ted. potential, ODS 'the State this c J m p t e r w e s h a l ex a .m i ne th e i an entral (JOVerntneDt.

Dumber ,of nat onal dam, w a e ho u e s be :i,dentified from the e.listi:ng: dilita Central G o v C D lD 1 e o tM i n is m e s . L e t x am in e h es e hi potential, : su il fj cc ! a re a s o n w h . i c i h , data, wru:elwuscs ,maybe decvelopedat present

Ge :ncmtano C-enSI]S, Com:miss].o:ner Jrula decennialy compiles, i11i~br:mation. o f a U i nd iv id u a il s v,map~popula'uM ,pou,p5., ete, This inf-tum:nion is w ~ d e .tanging such th In.dividual-slip ,compilatioD. mp S~ ua h ou se ho l ~ h w h i b .D , a ta b s e nl.8!1J1ltai:nedfor analysis. wu ho w,bleb O L A P buillt e ch n q ue s be appUcd,. Data. m~nin:g als canbe pedot111cd .CoranalYrsisand n m vl ed g d ~s co ve l " . Regislr,ar

38


v . l la ge -l ev e l d a i W D a s e w a Uy el NationallnfomTtatics, 'Centre at H , m t er G e ne r Ul Servirl:es T ie . m l na l o f ' N a u o . o o ) . ml mw G[ h e ~'99~.C~ns,1!IS . . T h i s : o o r S is ts , ofl tw pans: viU~e amenities. Subsequ~nt[Yi' d a a w a c h o us . primary , e c n : s l l S a m t r a c t : N a d J U , . , This ,enabl!es w,as a l : 5 1 o , such se or as ,Education!, mul men on of We ~g l.eveJ f a c l data : p e r u t i n s H e aJ : b . a n I nf ta s n ro m m : .T h e he u a viUas,e dJJJta o mp i u. ¢r us pe:rformcd G R C e in e n e a As mp D, t A , e data. be (loBe ,q:\nw~~t3Jticand berefore~ .0 refrest1ling oftbe~wareh;ou se~ Only needs a:U.eman:vcly bunt. ho d!a;ln W:a;r;ci}lOU8e T h , e m : '6'xistmaliliY O[iherSiU l lb .l !e s w i h i he ,(e.g,.migran~on hmav c· wsu,ouse ,census purv,~e:w .may l.Kianle:na d e ,v e X o p m e n : L A _ P and, data m i D l o g , a ; p p U c a d o n s , h ic h canbe t a t e n 'upin future.

lm Th Mi oo Gov men ut omp observati:on OCRltres, entire; country data (o weekly en the pnees of e!isentia~ comrmdide-s suchas riee edible lls, ,ere. 'rhils data :lSi Qo QO mme agencie-Sl tnmsoo,ued QD~ine to : D e i U l i d a ! t a w a re ,h o u se ~ c a O LA f techniques can, s ;m a ly . app~ied be u U o r h i data m i m n l Ifl!d f U f e C a s t i n g : 'tecj]mJquc '~appned : fo r p ;d va ne e fomcast~ng, t h e . iiCtum p r i . . c e s of' 'these l e s s e n t i a l , 'commodities. The Forecastins,mooel tating:ID'tD be strenltllien.ed :form.on, a.ccuranefOfCcnsting CJ ema fa o. s u h . a s miniaU g r o w t h IIDPula,tiolil,8ind,~nnadon. d J _ i s d~re:ctlon w a Stale IGvel l im I te d J X !( ' d s ea e, ou ed (:~nTamil, Naau)..

4.

TI lR 'DAT.A M'.'NING

Othe r

plss;ib~e

Q v e . n m e ll ! 5 e c o n

. ; . .. .

dataw.areh.~u!iing a r d is cu ss e in demU asunder'.

mi

A,gricul;t.u:~e

The; A g r ! u u .m l1 C e n s U! s e no nn e

b y b c Minl:stry .A:gricu:Uure.'(ioyemmcnt ,agricu]t:llnd paramet'e:r atlhe~national o r I nd i campilcS:3 large numberaf l e ve l . : s r ic 1 . .w .cs.e , a g r i e u i J b : l r n J p r o d u c U o n . a re a a nd . yIeld of'cmps is c o m p i l e d ; hi fOfeC:as't]~8. be built. i'Dloa data waretmwe :for analysis. mining

,Statistics 0 0 c O M u m p d o n

be umed

data :man.


fertilizen .lnputs also· data wa :e'hous Dat o ro . livestock.lcensus ,cantle ana yzed. io C .h o o s L a n d o s p M t C m stadst:ia c a n . a ls o ,analy.zed ~ta

Da e£fect yr,J

hu

wm

w a e ho u 9 ! en omn agricunuraJ. credit c :c bn o t o g e s o f OLAf> II:

Tb

he

da:u,.miningtechniq;ues

5u'Ch ,a w,atea cd O th e be e.__ff~etiyely u:sed .fo. an~ysi5 mi

in Agri.cultural

DaWi.on. mdi.vidua1!ibelow p o wa ho e. Dr DB wa .'. ,.· , ~ .··· •. d·b•. lIthlZC C1Ii.lCCUVlbY

a n a 1 s is o f

OJ

apply.iDl:the w,moulIljag

and

sector.

my W 'V e ) c mt U Id ! a t a (ftom DriMdng a te r M i ." .4fWt C. !_O' "L ..1.... 'b l~' Iec!_~O-,08H=S om~onng'

m a de , iimplementati,oo also' be m a d e U l 1 J n g O L A P dlataminin:g

4.3,.,4

etails and. MSO

og es

d e v e 1 o p n n ~ ! D ! t :~nngmmmes

te chmque s"

.Planni:ng

At the, 'p,~amUns. : se c u rr 8~ l a b o u r • . e n . e F g y e d u ca t c m ~

plan d l a ! t a a d e and. in.dustry, n .v e y ea rp la n etc"

4.3, .I wamllou:se (wim

reports

mo

Educational af d a

Va OI

b e e n converted .in[o data Iqueriesand ~s

be andy:zedand

wafehOllse.'* better

e s m a e s o r m po n techniq:ue,s.

eX,pon

ma

mo

co:n'-cmea

mad.e ~o' perform teehnolo;gies.Pmvis:tonaiJJ

ur


In

a])()Cwemenuooea.

othetpotential follows:

,appUcati(l'j], m e

m p o r ta n

a p p l c a o n s. ~ lberewna.DJwuOOr

:miniog~

Toud,m.

TO'I.I.riSif,aai.val behaviour p re fe R i e s o U S D 1 P 10 0 U Cl S data:; f : o r e ; i g I 1 ! l , eX,change Hotels, T ra v e l a n Tmnsparta:tio.n arning da:ta;an data" ~~f'8.DlII1C

Implementaitillt'n.

Re

Centralprojiects

data: (iUf m o n o r

m s d a i r a " central e'xdse data, a n

o o m m . e Il C a l u e s

data

(stategll'lle_m:meot).

:Eceaomlt aftai.Fs:.

Bu ge

x p m :U .

data;

eo mi

SIiI",e:y.

A!udlt and accouots.

'Govetnmecn.taocOlillilits

,gove...mnle,nt

Of

gen.ctlting

I.a:

depMtments

proces:Siinga

data.

organizations

on e: on U, he rg g ov e m m e jQ t d ep a m e n t h a v 'e l ~ ] 00':,11satisfied with, de,vel.oping :single ,IDllloge,menl limited cases, ifliformat:i:Otl :SY.SIC11lS(MIS),. e w d a a ba se s used andy,si,s Un Q r Ihmital repo:rting purposes. Much oithe work m a n u a U y by th Central De,partn1:eot. 01£ SC;!Jti~soc~si. tn (k)v~.mme!l!t J' ~ c G o ve m ro e T h ~ e h n q ue s u ~ or mmI were, bSltch.;m.odeprocessing. oonventional .!ltatms:tiJca mchniques oolargel.y data. wareholls:ing andi data m i u ng t h no , o .g i o O O d . was advent, aw,a;re lf .anybcttertec:hldquecs Di Ute

.For this acdvity. w a e h ou sl E ud to the m o s t 8 ig o l. f c ao l t a d vR l c e m . e ,n £ s in

'C.fiveI'H'c,' ~Dt fr," ,!~~·:iOfiitl.c. ~~_,g~if~r{F _~p~ ~,pe~ _~,:rne=,~pnc!

~~

in the: g · · .~ o v e : r n m e J l r :

acili,vllties. Wid). their

mly u n a U y

utjUz.aJtl.on of they can. rely

en mi en e. em shift: ' W m ' C i l pa improY~dg~,vemanf!c by beltef be er ~a Instud. th o : f f i c j a : ~ s w.as,t~[lg theilr m e : p , m c c s . ; s i n g , data,. data wamhGUs;ing and data mining rec'hnololie for' meir d a l

~ o - d aydecision . n : l a k i n g ,

cQncell!u:atem.or'e bene performanc

practic:'al. i:mplem enta!tion fO th decisions dev'eJopmentai. activities. F u r M : " e ve n h o u .g l v a o u s d ep a m , e n (State Oli' i,A tile g9,'cmment data, ]5 presently l e n m l i W d ~ Mal ta:i ned. 'Ce:nttal)are functionally Lnte[l~Rked•. (indepe:ndent) and llSed impormnce~ ec D : W .o g jjSiOl~ledp[aDning, da!ta w l l b o u s in g ~ ec hn o to g y . D , if i: e re n t d a a . m a o . e p e ; ep if built, can. be gr oon data. w a re l r o u S i f o r tllegoyemmenll, Ihisis wmho~se$ State; GoVtn1Jmc,llt levc:land ~St '!enil.

Oo.nclusion be d h 1 d1 ua l u m m3!fts re I n h e g ,o ve n un el 1 m~airlJla.m.ed by h e n d v . d ua l departments public sedor organ:iz:ati,ons) 3ndo. e nu -a I d s


._.. S IT lg lV M w formats O/ 10

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nd "'IX""'"

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e - o n have b e e n deStgn.en

1 . R e q u s i o n form o r M V A . accompan!y.ingthe document (Uman)., 2. omp h e O cu m e R ;u m I .lndent for mp ce-I1ifi.c~a,tie) Be (encumberance

( ce J t f ie d , c a p y )

lkports

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Jn Hydcraba five differeDlt indica.red Table C3J.

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maintained ~y th .nudliph:: ¥enduf!I to 16-1-1000, he roject s:upplicd hardwareHd sys:teomsofrwue. came, into force w . e , . : f . . 17..1-2000 to managemellit 3'1-12-'2001. m8 me mr m, e.f, y,ears. :1-1.-200 for p e o d o f me Is by W l R , m :G te Ch , Ltd.• Hyderabad!.

mb 8 , de nn in g h e an ar 1bc: C . A R D p r o j C ¢ : t , w a s 1 .a ru o o .h e e n or e l C o R :e g s tm t o n S e e c w~th se~rv.ice levc~slli! :show.lil.in TJableC3.,4"

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pResentadon ,and l1pl. mi

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ee

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Death" Hary,ua R.esiden.cebas ' b e e n m p le m e n e d The: Eeadra, isissumgceniicates h1staody doeu_meot and aon.-,Ycrified documents,. s:L1bmission (If verified issued. withia stipulated time period, ;afterFttioI 'tOe ,certificlleisare,being er on o ne fm m o n e m e officer:.

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8D 1nu:lg,etary aDocatio.nhm. ·tIe G o v e n u m m r t . It is fil.nckd Disbiot C r o s s , Soclety ,o . r t h . c ~iac:sof' ~Haryana hwlutling lR.eg~stra,ti,()n.lo.fw:nmti.o:n S y s e tn . ( H A R I S )" . A U ex alsO hmn.s met lihese th ,D strict Rid. cI:oa S O c i e t . • , F G I -

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pa,yment,

,o cash t r a r u i , a c U o n s , t l l r O u . , g , h n;Oo~ba~king,t I ( l : a s u r i e s

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Re

tlile depmme:nt

.f

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he receipl:S m r r u d e ; : K : p e : n d i t u r e

,aseJ,e~tioHOOX'e:s:., examination, valuable e m , e p u tm .e n as h e es ov safe cU8looyand or s~arnps (;Q~eililnent S e u r H e u ch a l~~ I c e ;r 1 i f ic ; a W S . b e m IImnds" promissory hO~oS a n n co m e UtI( deductions c 0 . l ' 1 t l T 0 1 o ve r E X ie r s e e as u w~th reference 10 Budg,et

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tm

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srade ou of mp public ser\ii~c;estbrough

oo

Act,·l,

dail, fi:gule8~,o Finance: de~panmeru dassl~ned aceeunts Wl e, depos~t ,ilcooun~sinc'~udjng 'G U se r charge,s ACt.I()lLnll~S ~f P ME S f 'Q n n ~ Q ' ( l G ( ) v e O l m .. ;! !O ' [ I! nDOs D ~accountabiHty Dr No .50

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the m;

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nd

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on

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any .istrict,. he ;s bQ rdiQa~'ec'Ontro~lhll, ,officer f u r l ie r d is tr ib u te : ! di!ltr,~but:io.n smrem .e:nt

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tb mi e h a ll an . T h i d :J aU a nf on n s . paid or m:mIUan.ceof a. moov,ery. R~

refemn.ce em

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E-governance- concepts and case studies By C.S.R. Prabhu

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