EASA Module 10 Aviation Legislation

Module

10

FOR LEVEL B1 & B2 CERTIFICATION

AVIA AVI AT I O N L E G I S L AT I O N

Avi A viati ation on Ma Main intena tenance nce Tech echni nici cian an Certification Series

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Regulatory Regulato ry Framew Framework ork Certifying Certifyin g Staff/M Staff/Maint aintenance enance Approved Appro ved Maintenanc Maintenance e Organi Organizatio zations ns Air Ope Operat ration ions s Certification Certifica tion of of Aircraft, Parts Parts and Appliances Appliances Continui Cont inuing ng Airwo Airworthines rthiness s Applicable Appli cable National National and Internatio International nal Requirements

Eng. M. Rasool MODULE 10 FOR LEVEL B1 & B2 CERTIFICATION

AV A V I AT I O N L E G I S L AT I O N

Aviation Maintenance Technician Technician Certification Series

72413 U.S. Hwy 40 Tabernash, CO 80478-027 80478-0270 0 USA www.actechbooks.com +1 970 726-5111 +1 970 726-5115

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Eng. M. Rasool

AVAILAB AV AILABLE LE IN

Printed Edition and Electronic (eBook) Format

AVIATION AVIA TION MAINTENANCE MAINTENANCE TECHNICIAN CERTIFICA CERTIFICATION TION SERIES

Copyright © 2016 — Aircraft Technical Book Company. All Rights Reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

To order books or for Customer Service, please call +1 970 726-5111.

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Printed in the United States of America

Eng. M. Rasool

WELCOME WEL COME Te publishers of this Aviation Maintenance echnician Certi Certification fication Series welcome you to the world of aviation maintenance. As you move towards EASA certification, cert ification, you are required to gain ga in suitable knowledge and experience in your chosen area. Qualification on basic subjects for each aircraft maintenance license category or subcategory is accomplished in accordance with the following matrix. W here applicable, subjects subjects are indicated by an "X" in the column below the license heading. For other educational tools created to prepare candidates for licensure, contact Aircraft Ai rcraft echnical Book Company. Company. We wish you good luck luck and success in your studies st udies and in your aviation career! ca reer!

EASA LICENSE CATEGORY CHART

Module number and title

A1 Airplane Turbine

B1.1 Airplane Turbine

B1.2 Airplane Piston

B1.3 Helicopter Turbine

B2 Avionics

1

Mathematics

X

X

X

X

X

2

Physics

X

X

X

X

X

3

Electrical Fundamentals

X

X

X

X

X

4

Electronic Fundamentals

X

X

X

X

5

Digital Techniques / Electronic Instrument Systems

X

X

X

X

X

6

Materials and Hardware

X

X

X

X

X

7A

Maintenance Practices

X

X

X

X

X

8

Basic Aerodynamics

X

X

X

X

X

9A

Human Factors

X

X

X

X

X

10

Aviation Legislation

X

X

X

X

X

11A

Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems

X

X

11B

Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems

12

Helicopter Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems

13

Aircraft Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems

X

14

Propulsion

X

15

Gas Turbine Engine

16

Piston Engine

17A

Propeller

Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

X X

X

X

X X

X

X

X

iii

Eng. M. Rasool

FORWARD PAR AR-66 -66 and a nd the Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and Guidance Guida nce Material (GM) of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Regulation (EC) No. 1321/2014, Appendix 1 to the Implementing Rules establishes the Basic Knowledge Requirements for those seeking an aircraft maintenance license. Te information in this Module of the Aviation Maintenance echnical Certification Series published by the Aircraft echnical Book Company meets or exceeds the breadth and depth of knowledge subject matter referenced in Appendix 1 of the Implementing Rules. However, the order of the material presented is at the discretion of the editor in an effort to convey the required knowledge k nowledge in the most sequential and comprehensible manner. manner. Knowledge levels required requ ired for Category A1, B1, B2, and B3 aircraft maintenance licenses remain unchanged from those listed in Appendix 1 Basic Knowledge Requirements. ables from Appendix 1 Basic Knowledge Requirements are reproduced at the beginning of each module in the series and again at the beginning of each Sub-Module. How numbers are written in this book: Tis book uses the Interna International tional Civil Aviati Aviation on Organization (ICAO) (ICAO) standard of writing numbe numbers. rs. Tis methods displays large la rge numbers by adding a space between each group of 3 digits. Tis is opposed to the American method which uses commas and the European method which uses periods. For example, the number one million is expressed as so: ICAO Standard ICAO European Standard American Standard

1 00 0000 00 0000 1.000.000 1,000,000

SI Units: Te International System of Units (SI) developed and maintained by the General Conference of Weig Weights hts and Measures (CGPM) shall be used as the standard system of units of measurement for all aspects of international civil aviation air and ground operations. Prefixes: Te prefixes and symbols s ymbols listed in the table below shall shal l be used to form names and symbols of the decimal multiples mult iples and submultiples of International System of Units (SI) units. MULTIPLICATION FACTOR

1 000 000 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 1 000 000 1 000 100 10 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.000 001 0.000 000 001 0.000 000 000 001 0.000 000 000 000 001 0.000 000 000 000 000 001

= 10�⁸ = 10�⁵ = 10�� = 10⁹ = 10⁶ = 10� = 10� = 10� =10�� = 10�� = 10�� = 10�⁶ = 10�⁹ = 10�� = 10��⁵ = 10��⁸

PREFIX

SYMBOL

exa peta tera giga mega kilo hecto deca deci centi milli micro nano pico femtoo femt atto

E P T G M k h da d c m µ n p f a

International System of Units (SI) Prefixes

iv


Eng. M. Rasool PREFACE

Te European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) (EA SA) is an agency of the European Union Union established in 2002. Its mission is to promote the highest common standards of safety and environmental protection in civil aviation. Tis module explores the structure of the EASA system and many key regulations enforced by the competent authorities of the 27 Member States.

Module 10 Syllabus as outlined in PART-66, Appendi x 1.

LEVELS CERTIFICATION CERTIFICA TION CA CATEGORY TEGORY

¦

A

B1

B2

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

Sub-Module Sub-Mod ule 01 - Regulatory Framework Role of the International Civil Aviation Organizat Organization; ion; Role of the European Commission; Role of EASA; Role of the Member Member States and National Aviation Authorities; Regulation Regulat ion (EC) No 216/2008 and its implementing rules Regulations (EC) 17 1702/2003 02/2003 and 2042/20 2042/2003; 03; Relationship between the various Annexes (Parts) such as Part-2 Part-21, 1, Part-M, PartPart-14 145, 5, Part-66, Part-1 Part-147 47 and Air Operations.

Sub-Module 02 - Certifying Staff — Maintenance Detailed understanding of Part-66.

Sub-Module Sub-Mod ule 03 - Approved Maintenance Organizations Organiz ations Detailed understanding of PartPart-14 1455 and Part-M Part-M Subpart-F Subpart-F..

Sub-Module 04 - Air Operations General understanding of Air Operations; Air Operators Certi Certificates; ficates; Operator's responsibilities, in part particular icular regarding continuing air airworthiness worthiness and maintenance; Aircraft Aircra ft Maintenance Programme; MEL/CDL; Documents to be carr carried ied on board; Aircraft Aircra ft placarding (markings).


v

Eng. M. Rasool LEVELS CERTIFICATION CERTIFICA TION CA CATEGORY TEGORY

¦

A

B1

B2

Sub-Module 05 - Certification of Aircraft, Parts and Appliances (a)

Genera l General General understanding of PartPart-21 21 and EASA certi certification fication specificat specifications ions CS-23, 25, 27, 29.

-

1

1

(b)

Documents Certificate of Airworthiness; restricted certificates of airworthiness and permit to fly; Certificate Certi ficate of Registrat Registration; ion; Noise Certi Certificate; ficate; Weight Weig ht Schedule; Radio Station License and Approval.

-

2

2

2

2

2

(a)) (a

Maintenance Programmes, Maintenance checks and inspections; Airworthiness Directives; Service Bulletins, manufacturer manufacturerss service inform information; ation; Modifications and repairs; Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, struct structural ural repair manual, illustrated illust rated part partss catalogue, etc.; Only for A to B2 licenses: Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum Equipment List, Dispatch Deviation Lists;

1

2

2

(b)

-

1

1

Sub-Module 06 - Continuing Airworthiness Detailed understanding of of PartPart-21 21 provisions related to continuing air airworthines worthiness; s; Detailed understanding of Part-M.

Sub-Module Sub-Mod ule 07 - Applicable National and International Requirements

Continuing air airworthines worthiness; s; Minimum equipment requirements - est flights; Only for B1 and B2 licenses: EOPS, maintenance and dispatch requirements; Alll Weather Operations, Category 2/3 operations. Al

vi


Eng. M. Rasool


vii

Eng. M. Rasool REVISION LOG VERSI ON

ISSU E DATE DATE

0 01

2016-02

DESCRI PTION OF CH ANGE

Module Rev ision and Release

MODIFI CATION DATE DATE

2016-02-01

ACKNOWL ACKN OWLEDGMENT EDGMENTS S

viii


Eng. M. Rasool CONTENTS AVIA A VIATION TION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION Welcome ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Forward‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Preface‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Revision Log ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Acknowledgments Acknowled gments ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Contents Conte nts ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

iii iv v viii viii ix

SUB-MODULE 01 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Knowledge Requiremen Requirements ts ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ International Interna tional Civil Aviatio Aviation n Organization (ICA (ICAO) O) ‥‥ Te Chicago Convention ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Second Freed Freedom om Agreement ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Fifth Freed Freedom om Agreement ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ICAO ICA O Goals And Objectives ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ICAO ICA O Composi Composition tion And Concerns ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ echnica  echnicall Annexes ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Annex 1 - Personnel Licensing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ L icensing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Annex 6 - Operation Op eration Of Aircraf Ai rcraftt ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Annex 8 - Air A irworth worthiness iness Of Aircraf Ai rcraftt ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Annex 10 - Aeronautical Aeronautica l elecommunicat elecommunications ions ‥ Te Role Of Te European Europ ean Commission Commis sion (EC) ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Role of the European Aviation Aviation Safet Safetyy Agency (EASA) EASA Responsi Responsibilities bilities‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Independence Independ ence And Supervision‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ International Interna tional Recruitment ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Studies And Research ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ EASA Internal Structure And Operation ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Staff And Language ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Management Board ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Executive Director ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Board Of Appeals ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Working Methods ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Financial Requiremen Requirements ts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Te Role Of Members States ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ Sharing Of Roles ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Member State Obligation ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Rules And Authori Authority ty ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Regulation (EC) 216/ 216/2008 2008 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Regulation (EC) 748/ 748/2012 2012 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Regulation (EC) 1321/201 1321/20144 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Air ransport ranspor t EASA Operations Oper ations ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ EASA Relations With Te Other Aviation Authorities ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Multilateral Cooperation Cooperation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Bilateral Cooperation ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.100 1.1 1.11 1.11 1.111 1.1 1.111 1.1

Developing Nation Assistance ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.11 1.11 Questions ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.13 Answerss ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Answer ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.1 1.144

SUB-MODULE 02 CERTIFYING STAFF — MAINTENANCE

Knowledge Requiremen Requirements ts ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ Introduction Introducti on ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ General ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Definitions ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ Part-66 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Scope (66.A.1 (66.A.1)) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ License Catego Categories ries (66.A.3) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Aircraft Aircr aft Groups Group s (66.A.5)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ (66.A.5)‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Application (66.A.10) (66.A .10) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Eligibility (66.A.15) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Privileges (66.A.20) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Requirements Requiremen ts for Exercising Privileges ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Definitionss for Exercisin Definition Exercisingg Privileges ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Basic Knowledge Requiremen Requirements ts (66.A.25) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Basic Experience Requiremen Requirements ts (66.A.30) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ New License ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ License Extensio Extension n ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Alternate Experience Ex perience ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Continued Continu ed Validity of the Aircraft A ircraft Maintenancee License (66.A.40) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Maintenanc ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Endorsement Endors ement with Aircraft Ratings (66.A.45)‥‥‥‥ Limitations Limitatio ns (66.A.50) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ Evidence Eviden ce of Qualification (66.A.55) (66.A.55) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ Conversion Conversi on Provisions Provisions (66.A.70) (66.A.70) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Part-66.B Procedures Procedures For Compete Competent nt Authorities Authorities ‥‥‥ Scope (66.B. (66.B.1) 1) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Basic Knowledge Requirement Requirementss ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ Competent Compete nt Authori Authority ty (66.B.1 (66.B.10) 0) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Record-keeping Record -keeping (66.B.20) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Mutual Exchange Exchange Of Informatio Information n (66.B.25) (66.B.25) ‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Exemptions Exempti ons (66.B.30) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ Procedure For Te Issue Of An Aircraft Aircr aft Maintenance M aintenance License By Te Competent Compete nt Authori Authority ty (66.B.1 (66.B.100) 00) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Procedure For Te Issue Of An Aircraft Maintenance License Via A Maintenance Organization Approved In Accordance With Annex (Part(Pa rt-145) 145) (66.B.105) (66.B.105) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Procedure For For Te Change Of An A n Aircraft Maintenance License o Include An Additional Basic Category Category Or Subcategory Subcategory (66.B.110) (66.B.110)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.11 2.11 2.11 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12

2.12

2.13

2.13 ix

Eng. M. Rasool CONTENTS Procedure For For Te Change Of An Aircraft Maintenance License o Include An Aircraft Rating Or o o Remove Limitations Limitations (66.B.1 (66.B.115) 15) ‥‥‥‥ Procedure For For Te Renewal Of An Aircraf t Maintenance Maintenan ce License Validity Validity (66.B.120)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Procedure For Te Conversion Of Licenses Including Group Ratings (66.B. (66.B.125) 125) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Procedure For Te Direct Approval Of Aircraft Aircr aft ype raining (66.B.130) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Information Informatio n in Part-66 Part-66 Appendices‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Questions ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Answers ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥

2.13 2.13 2.144 2.1 2.15 2.15 2.177 2.1 2.18

SUB-MODULE 03 APPROVED MAINTENANCE APPROVED ORGANIZATIONS

Knowledge Requiremen Requirements ts ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Introduction Introdu ction ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ Part 14 1455 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Part 14 1455 – Maintenanc Maintenancee Organization Requirement Requirementss ‥ General (1 (145. 45.1) 1)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Definitionss (1 Definition (145.A.5) 45.A.5) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Scope (1 (145.A.1 45.A.10) 0) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Application (145.A.15) (145.A.15) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ erms  erms of Approva l (145.A.2 (145.A.20) 0)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Facility Fa cility Requirement Requirementss (1 (145.A.25) 45.A.25) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Personnel Perso nnel Requiremen Requirements ts (145 145.A.30) .A.30) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Certifying Staff and Category B1 and B2 Support Staff (1 (145.A.35) 45.A.35) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Equipment, Equipmen t, ools and Material (1 (145.A.40) 45.A.40) ‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Acceptance of components (145.A.42) (145.A.42) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Maintenance Maintenan ce Data (1 (145.A.45) 45.A.45) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Production Productio n planning planning (145 (145.A.47) .A.47) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Certification of Maintenance Maintenance (1 (145.A.50 45.A.50)) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Maintenance Maintenan ce Records Records (1 (145.A.5 45.A.55) 5) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Occurrence Reporting (14 (145.A.60) 5.A.60) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Safety and Quality Policy (1 (145.A.65) 45.A.65) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Maintenance Maintenan ce Organization Exposition (MOE (MOE)) (14 (145.A.70 5.A.70)) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Privileges of of the the Organization Organization (1 (145.A.7 45.A.75) 5) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Limitation Limitatio n on the Organization (1 (145.A.80) 45.A.80) ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Changes to the Organization (14 (145.A.85) 5.A.85) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Continue Contin ue Validity Validity (14 (145.A.90) 5.A.90) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Findings (145 (145.A.95) .A.95) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Part-M PartM - SubpartSubpart-F F - Maintenanc Maintenancee Organization ‥‥‥ Scope (M.A.601) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Application (M.A.602) (M. A.602) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ x

3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.100 3.1 3.100 3.1 3.100 3.1 3.111 3.1 3.111 3.1 3.12 3.12 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13

Extent of Approval Approval (M.A.603) (M.A.603) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Maintenancee Organization Manual (M.A.604)‥‥‥ Maintenanc Facilities Faciliti es (M.A.605) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Personnel Personn el Requirements Requirements (M.A.606) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Certifying Staff (M.A.607)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Components, Compone nts, Equipmen Equipmentt and and ools ools (M.A.608) ‥‥ Maintenancee Data (M.A.609) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Maintenanc Maintenancee Work Maintenanc Work Orders (M.A.610 (M.A.610)) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Maintenancee Standards (M.A.611) Maintenanc (M.A.611)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Component Certificate of Release to Service (M.A.612) (M.A.612) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Component Certificate of Release o Service (M.A.613) (M.A.613) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Maintenancee Records Maintenanc Records (M.A.614 (M.A.614)) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Privileges of of the Organization (M.A.615) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Organizational Review (M.A.616 (M.A.616)) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Changes to the Approved Maintenance Organization (M.A.61 (M.A.617) 7) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Continued Continu ed Validity Validity of Approval Approval (M.A.618) (M.A.618) ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Findings (M.A.619) (M.A.619)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Questions ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Answerss ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Answer ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥

3.13 3.144 3.1 3.15 3.15 3.15 3.166 3.1 3.166 3.1 3.166 3.1 3.166 3.1 3.166 3.1 3.16 3.16 3.177 3.1 3.177 3.1 3.177 3.1 3.17 3.17 3.177 3.1 3.188 3.1 3.199 3.1 3.20

SUB-MODULE 04 AIR OPERATIONS OPERATIONS

Knowledge Requiremen Requirements ts ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ General Unde Understanding rstanding ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Air Operators O perators Certificates Cer tificates (AOC) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ General Rules For Air Operator Certification (OPS 1.1 1.175) 75) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Contents and Conditions of the Air Operator Certificate (O (OPS PS 1.1 1.175 75 Addend Addendum) um) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Issue, variation and continued validity of a n AOC (OPS 1.180) 1.180) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ Operator’ss Responsi Operator’ Responsibilities bilities ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Laws, Regulations And Procedures — Operator’s Responsibilities Responsib ilities (OPS 1.020)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Common Language (OPS 1.025) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Responsibilities Responsib ilities (M.A.201) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Continuing Airworthiness Airworth iness Management Organization (Sub (Subpart-G) part-G)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Maintenancee Program (M.A.302) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Maintenanc ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Aircraft Airc raft Maintenance M aintenance Program Prog ram ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ General Present Presentation ation ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Te General Maintenance M aintenance Rev iew Board (MRB) Process ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Powerplant and Systems Program ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥

4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.7


Eng. M. Rasool CONTENTS

Obligations from Certification Maintenance Requirements Requiremen ts (CMR)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Structure Program ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Analysis Analy sis of Accidental Damage Dama ge ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Damage Analysis due to the Environment Environment ‥‥‥‥ Te “ALI” (Airworth (Air worthiness iness Limitation Limitat ion Items) Items) ‥‥‥‥‥ Zonal Inspection Program (ZIP) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Analysis Analy sis of Zip asks ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Te MRB Report (Maintenance ( Maintenance Review Re view Board) Boa rd) ‥‥ Maintenancee Planning Document Maintenanc Document (MPD)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Minimum Equipment Lists & CDL (Operator's (Operat or's Responsibilities Responsibilities))‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ MEL ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ CDL ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Documents o o Be Carried (OPS 1.125) 1.125) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Manuals o o Be Carried (OPS (OPS 1.130) 1.130) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Additional Information In formation And Forms o Be Carried Carried (OPS (OPS 1.135) 1.135)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Identification Iden tification of of Parts and Appliances Appliances ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Identification Iden tification of Products Products (21A.801) (21A.801)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Identification Iden tification of Parts anD Appliances (21A.804) ‥ Marking of BreakBreak-In In Points Points ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Emergency Emergen cy Markings ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Emergency Emergen cy Exit Markings (CS (CS 26.11 26.110) 0) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Interior Emergency Lighting and Emergency Light Operation (CS 26.120) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Questions ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Answerss ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Answer ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥

4.9 4.9 4.10 4.100 4.1 4.10 4.111 4.1 4.11 4.12 4.12 4.12 4.12 4.12 4.12 4.12 4.13 4.13 4.13 4.13 4.13 4.144 4.1 4.144 4.1 4.15 4.177 4.1 4.18

SUB-MODULE 05 CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES

Knowledge Requiremen Requirements ts ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Certification Specifications (CS (CS)) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Sailplanes And Powered Sailplanes (CS 22) ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Normal, Utility Aerobatic And Commuter Airplanes Air planes (CS 23) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Large Airplanes (CS 25) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Small Rotorcraft (CS 27 27.1 .1)) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Large Rotorcraft (CS 29. 29.1) 1) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ CS-VLA CSVLA Very Light Airplanes ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Production Productio n Organization Approval ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Approval Requirements (21A.145) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Privileges (21A. (21A.163 163)) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Obligationss Of Te Hold Obligation Holder er (21A. (21A.165) 165) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Duration And Continu Continued ed Validity (21A.159 (21A.159))‥‥‥‥‥ Design Organization Approval ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5

Part 21 – SubpartSubpart-JJ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Approval Requirements R equirements (21A.245) (21A. 245) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Privileges (21A.263) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Duration and Continu Continued ed Validity (21A.259 (21A.259)) ‥‥‥‥‥ Documents ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ ype  ype Certificates Cer tificates ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Scope ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Validity ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ Supplemental ype Certificates‥‥‥‥ Certificates ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Certificates of Airwort Airworthiness hiness ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Restricted Certificates of Airwort Airworthiness hiness ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Permits to to Fly‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Aircraft Aircr aft Registrat R egistration ion ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Noise Certification‥‥ Certification‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Weight Schedule ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Mass and Balance Documentation (Air Operations 1.625) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Radio Station Station License License and Approval Approval ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ Approval ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Questions ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Answerss ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Answer ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.77 5. 5.8 5.9 5.111 5.1 5.11 5.12 5.12 5.13 5.144 5.1 5.144 5.1 5.15 5.16

SUB-MODULE 06 CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS

Knowledge Requiremen Requirements ts ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ Part 21 General Provision Provisionss ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ Scope ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Undertaking Unde rtaking ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Failures, Malfunctions And Defects ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Air worth worthiness iness Directives Direc tives ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Part-M PartM ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ General – SubpartSubpart-A A ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Scope (MA 101 101)) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Accountabilityy – Subpart-B ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Accountabilit ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Responsibilities Responsi bilities (MA 201) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Occurence Reporting (MA 202) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ Continuing Airworth Airworthiness iness - Subpart-C ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Continuingg Airworth Continuin Airworthiness iness asks (MA 301 301)) ‥‥‥ Maintenance Maintenan ce Program (MA 302)‥‥‥ 302)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Air worth worthiness iness Directives Direc tives (MA (M A 303) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Data For Modifications And Repairs (M A 30 4) ‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Aircraft Aircr aft Continuing Conti nuing Airwor Ai rworthiness thiness Record R ecord System (MA 305) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Owner And/Or And /Or Te Operator Obligations (MA 306) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Operator echnical Log System (MA 306) 306) ‥‥‥‥

6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.7 xi

Eng. M. Rasool CONTENTS

Maintenance Standards – SubpartMaintenance Subpart-D D ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Maintenancee Data (MA 401)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Maintenanc ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Performance of Maintenanc Maintenancee (MA 402) ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Aircraft Aircr aft Defects Defec ts (MA 403)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4 03)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Components Compone nts – SubpartSubpart-E E ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Installation (MA 501 501)) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Components Compone nts Maintenanc Maintenancee (M 502) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Caution Cauti on ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Control of Unserviceable Components (MA 504) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Maintenance Maintenan ce Organization – SubpartSubpart-F F ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Continuing Contin uing Airworthiness A irworthiness Management Organization - Subpart-G Subpart-G‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Certificate of Release to Service (CRS) – Subpart-H SubpartH ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Aircraft Aircr aft Certificate Cer tificate Of Release R elease o Service (MA 801) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Component Certificate Of Release o Service (MA 802) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Pilot-Owner Pilot -Owner Authorizatio Authorization n (MA 803) 803) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Airworth Air worthiness iness Review Rev iew Certificate Cert ificate – Subpar t-I ‥‥‥‥ Aircraft Aircr aft Air A irworth worthiness iness Review Rev iew (MA 901)‥‥‥‥‥ 9 01)‥‥‥‥‥ Validity Of Te Airworthiness A irworthiness Review Certificate (MA 902) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Findings (MA 905) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Procedure For Competent Authorities - Section-B Competentt Authority (MB 102) Competen 102) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Record-Keeping Record -Keeping (MB 104)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Questions ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Answers ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥

6.7 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.100 6.1 6.100 6.1 6.100 6.1 6.11 6.11 6.111 6.1 6.11 6.11 6.13 6.13 6.14 6.144 6.1 6.144 6.1 6.15 6.16

SUB-MODULE 07 APPLICABLE NATIONAL APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL INTERNA TIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Knowledge Requiremen Requirements ts ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Introduction Introdu ction ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ Maintenancee Checks And Inspection Maintenanc Inspectionss ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ General‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ "A" Check ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ "B" Check ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ "C" Check ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ "D" Check ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Air worth worthiness iness Directives Direc tives ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Purpose ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Issuance ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Service Bulletins ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ AA A A Spec 220 0 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥ xii

7.1 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.44 7.

Scope ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ypes  ypes of Ser vice Bul letins ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Alertt SB ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Aler ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Standard SB ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Engine Conversi Conversion on SB ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Service BUlletin Conte Contents nts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ General ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Planning Informatio Information n ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Material Informatio Information n ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Service Letter (SL (SL)) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Modifications And Repairs ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ Maintenance Documenta Documentation‥‥‥ tion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Minimum Equipmen Equipmentt Lists ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ MMEL/MEL MMEL/ MEL ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ DDL Dispatch Deviation List (O (OR R CDL CDL)) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Minimum Equipment Requirements est  est Flights ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ EOPS ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Definition:: ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Definition ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Maintenancee Program ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Maintenanc ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Pre-Departure Pre-De parture Service Check‥ Check‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Reliability Program ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Competence Compete nce Of Continuing Airworthiness Airworth iness And Maintenance Maintena nce Personnel (CAMO) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ raining Program Prog ram ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Alll Weather Operations (CA 2 and 3 Operations) ‥‥ Al Definitions: Definition s:‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Air Operations O perations Subpart-E Subpa rt-E ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ Low Visibility Operations — General Operating Rules (OPS 1.440) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Maintenance ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ General‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Equipmentt Approval Equipmen Approval ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Maintenancee Control System ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Maintenanc ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ Maintenancee Control Maintenanc Control Manual ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Questions ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥ Answerss ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Answer ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥

7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.1 .100 7.1 .100 7.1 .100 7.1 .100 7.1 .100 7.1 .111 7.12

Acronym Index ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥ A.1 Glossary ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ G.1 Index ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ I.1


Eng. M. Rasool

K Y R R O O T W A L E U M A G E R F R

PART-66 PART -66 SYLLABUS SY LLABUS CERTIFICATION CATEGORY

¦

LEVELS A B1 B2

Sub-Module 01 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Knowledge Requiremen Requirements ts

10.1 - Regulatory Framework

1

1

1

Role of the International Civil Aviation Organization; Role of the European Commission; Role of EASA; Role of the Member States and National Aviation Authorities; Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its implementing rules Regulations (EC) 1702/2003 1702/2003 and 2042/20 03; Relationship between the various Annexes (Parts) such as Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and Air Operations.

Level 1 A familiariz famil iariz ation with the principal princ ipal elements of t he subject . Objectives: (a) Te applicant should be famil iar with the basic elements of the subject. (b) Te applicant should be able to give a simple description of the whole subjec t, using usin g common words and e xamples. (c) Te applicant should be able to use ty typical pical terms.


1.1

Eng. M. Rasool INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIA A VIATION TION ORGANIZA ORGANIZATION TION (ICAO) ICAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) created through the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation signed on the 7th of December, De cember, 1944. 1944. Its headquarters are located in Montreal. ( Figure 1-1) On 1 November 1944, representatives from 54 nations met in Chicago to establish a framework to regulate the development of worldwide civil aviation. Fift Fifty-two y-two countries signed sig ned the "Chicago Convention Convention"". It had to be ratified by 26 states to come into force. As an interim, an international aviation intermediate agreement was adopted. Tis gave birth to the Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization (PICAO) charged with follow up work for the fledgling organization. PICAO functioned as a provisional organization until the 4th of April 1947. ICAO as it is known today wass bo wa born rn af te terr t he 26 26th th st stat atee ra ratt if ie ied d t he Ch Chic icag agoo Convention. In October 1947, ICAO became a specialized United Nations agency linked to the Economic and Social Council of the U.N. oday, ICAO consists of 190 signatory states, of which only three are a re not members. members.

THE CHICAGO CONVENTION he  he Ch ic a go Co nv en t io n de f i ne s t he r i gh t s a nd obligations of the signatory states regarding the t he operation of aircraft. After working for five weeks on the t he problems problems effecting international civil aviation, the representatives of 52 States present established a new convention. Te goals of this convention related to international civil aviation were cited in the Preamble as follows: • WHER WHEREAS EAS the future development of international civil aviation can greatly help to create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world, yet its abuse can become a threat to the general security; and • WHER EAS it is desirable to avoid frict friction ion and to promote that co-operation between nations and peoples upon which the peace of the world depends; • HEREFORE, the undersigned governments having agreed on certain principles and arrangements in order that international civil aviation may be developed in a safe and orderly manner and that international air transport services may be established on the basis of equality of opportunity and operated soundly and economically; have accordingly concluded this Convention to that end." end."

During the 5 weeks that it sat, the conference produced 6 important documents: • Te Convention on International Civil Aviation. (Te Chicago Convention Convention)) • Te Interim Agreement on International Civil Aviation (PICAO). • he International Air Services ransit Agreement or "wo Freedom" agreement. • Te International Air ransport Agreement or "Fifth Freedom" agreement. echnical Annexes. • Te drafts of twelve echnical • A standard standard form of Bilateral Bilateral Agreement Agreement for the exchange of routes and air services. SECOND FREEDOM AGREEMENT

Te Inter Internati nationa onall Ai Airr Ser vic vices es ransit Ag Agreem reement ent or "wo " wo Freedom" Freedom" agreement is an agreement ag reement under which the aircraft of Member States may fly over each other's territory for non-traffic purposes (i.e. refueling). Tis particular document was a great step forward in the path of international air transport development over a large part of the world. Figure 1-1. ICAO headquarters in Montreal, Canada.

1.2


Eng. M. Rasool FIFTH FREEDOM AGREEMENT

An other Anot her imp impor orta tant nt do docu cumen mentt /ag /agre reeme ement nt de deve velop loped ed was the t he Fifth Fi fth Freedom Amendment. It states that each e ach Member State grants to other Member States: • the "Second Freedom Freedom"" agreed rights • the right to offload passengers / freight uploaded in the country of origin of the aircraft • the right to upload passengers / freight destined for the country of origin of the aircraft • the right to upload / offload passengers destined or coming from any Member State. ICAO GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ICAO's ICA O's aims and objectives are to draw up the principles pr inciples and techniques of international air navigation and to promote the planning and development of international air transport so as to: • Foster the planning and development of international air transport so as to ensure the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation throughout the world; • Encourage the arts of aircra aircraft ft design and operation for peaceful purposes; • Encourage the development of air airways, ways, airp airports, orts, and air navigation facilities for international civil aviation; • Meet the needs needs of the peoples of the world world for safe, regular, efficient, and economical air transport; • Prevent economic waste caused by unrea unreasonable sonable competition; • Ensure that the rights of contracting states are ful fully ly respected and that every contracting state has a fair opportunity to operate international airlines; • Avoid discrim discrimination ination between contracting states; • Promote safety of f light in international air navigation; • Generally promote the development of all aspects of international civil aeronautics. ICAO COMPOSITION AND ICAO CONCERNS Acc c o r d i n g to t h e t e r m s of t h e C on v e nt i on , t h e A Organization is made up of an Assembly, a Council of limited membership with various subordinate bodies and a Secretariat. Te Chief Officers are the President of the Council and the Secretary General.

h e As he Assemb sembly, ly, comp compose osed d of rep repres resenta entati tives ves fro from m al l contracting states, is the sovereign body of ICAO. It Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

meets every three years. Te assembly reviews in detail the work of the Organization and sets policy for the coming years. It also votes a triennial budget. Te Council is a governing body elected by the Assembly for a three-year term. It is composed of 36 states. Te Assem As sembly bly cho choose ose s th thee Cou Counci nci l Memb Member er Sta States tes fro from m three categories: states of chief importance in a ir transport, states which make the largest contribution to the provision of facilities for air navigation, and states whosee desi whos designa gnation tion wi willll ensu ensure re th that at al alll major ar areas eas of the world are represented. As the governing body, the Council gives continuing direction direct ion to the work of ICAO. ICAO. It is in the Council that Standards and Recommended Practices are adopted and incorporated as Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. he Council is assisted by the Air Navigation Commission (technical matters), the Air ransport Committee (economic matters), the Committee on Joint Support of Air Navigation Navigat ion Services and a nd the Finance Committee. h e Se he Secr cret etaa ri riat at,, he head aded ed by a Se Secr cret etar ar y Ge Gener ner a l, is divided into five main divisions: the Air Navigation Bureau, the Air ransport Bureau, the echnical Cooperation Bureau, the Legal Bureau, and the Bureau of Administration and Services. In order that the work of the Secretariat shall ref lect a tru ly international international approach, professional personnel are recruited on a broad geographical basis. ICAO works in close cooperation with other members of the United Nations family such as the World Meteorological Organization (W MO MO), ), the International elecommunication  elecommunication Union (IU ( IU), ), the Universal Postal Union, the World World Health Organization (W HO HO)) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Nongovernmental organizations which also participate in ICAO's work include the International Air ransport Association Assoc iation IA I AA, A, the Air Airports ports Council International (ACI), the International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations IFALPA, and the International Council of Aircraft Aircra ft Owner Ow ner and Pilot Associations (IAOP (I AOPA). A). Te breadth of ICAO concerns include standa st andardiz rdization ation in such areas as communication, navigation, and surveillance of aircraft as well as air traff ic control control management. It has established 9 regions for setting up installations and services such as airports, navigational aids, weather stations, communications, etc. Facilities 1.3


Eng. M. Rasool standards, customs formalities and public health are also issues for ICAO. In analyzes economic and legal question of concern to the international aviation community such as avoiding total deregulation and setting international law. ICAO is also involved in techn ical cooperat ion for development by communicating international data for the identification of future challenges in international aviation.

aircra ft to ensure the best safety and efficiency of serv aircraft service. ice. It is divided into three parts: Part 1: Ai rcr af t invo lve d in inte rn ati ona l commercial comm ercial air transport. Part 2: Aircraft involved in internatio international nal general aviation. Part 3: International International helicopter flights. ANNEX 8 - AIRWORTHINESS OF OF AIRCRAFT

TECHNICAL ANNEXES TECHNICAL hee ICAO Cou nc h ncil il ha hass el elab abor orate ated d an and d ad adopt opted ed 18 technical annexes concerning the following aspects of international aviation as follows: Annex 1: Personnel Licensing Annex 2: 2: Rules of the Air Annex 3: Meteorological Serv Service ice for International Air Navigation Annex 4: Aeronautical Charts Annex 5: Units of Measurement to be Used Used in Air and Ground Operations Annex 6: Operation of Aircra Aircraft ft Ann An nex 7: Airc raf t Nationalit y and Registr ation Marks Annex 8: Airworthiness of Aircraft Annex 9: Facilitation Annex 10: Aeronautical elecommunications elecommunications Annex 11: Air raffic Services Annex 12: Search and Rescue Annex 13: Aircra Aircraft ft Accident and Incident Incident Investigation Annex 14: Aerodromes Annex 15: Aeronautical Information Serv Services ices Annex 16: Environmental Protection Ann An nex 17: Sec ur it y: S afe gu ard ing I nter nat iona l Civil Aviation Against Acts of Unlawful Interference Annex 18: Safe ransport of Dangerous Goods by Air Annex 19: Securit Securityy Management ANNEX 1 - PERSONNEL LICENSING

Of part icular concern to maintenance personnel is An ne nexx 1 ent it itle led d Per Perso sonn nnel el Lic Licen ensi sing. ng. As th thee ti titl tlee suggests, it deals with training and issuance of licenses as well as medical standards for pilots, crew, aircraft maintenance maintenan ce technicians, air a ir traffic tra ffic controllers, ground crew, and airport radio operators. ANNEX 6 - OPERATION OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT

Te main object of this annex is to standardize, as much as possible, the operation of international air transport 1.4

h is ann his annex ex is of impo import rtanc ancee to tec techn hnici icians ans in th that at it deals with the allowance of the import and export of aircraft, their exchange by way of lease agreements and charters, as well as in service operations. operations. ANNEX 10 - AERONAUTICAL AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS

A er on au t ic a l te le c om mu n ic at io n a g re em en t a nd Aer cooperation is required for successful international aviation operations. operations. Annex 10 deals dea ls with issues related to aeronautical telecommunications. It subdivides this subject matter and addresses specific issues in a series of volumes as follows: Volume 1: 1: Radio Navigation Aids Volume 2: Communications Procedures Volume 3: 3: Communications Systems Systems Part 1 - Digital Data Communications Systems Part 2 – Voice Voice Communications Communications Systems Volume 4: Survei Surveillance llance Radar and Collision Avoidance Avoidance System Vol olume ume 5: Aeronautical Radio Frequency Spectr Spe ctrum um Utilization

THE ROL ROLE E OF THE EUR EUROPEAN OPEAN COMMISSION (EC (EC) ) Te European Europea n Commission is one of the institutions of the European Union (EU). ( Figure 1-2 1-2) It is independent of the individual EU states and holds great powers. Te European Commission represents and defends the European Union as a whole entity. It presents legislative proposals and oversees the application of policies and implementation of the EU budget. Since 1 November 2004, the European Commission has a commissioner for each Member State (27 total commissioners). he Commission has a president, a vice president, who is also al so the representative for foreign affairs and safety policy, and 25 members each in charge of an individual area of concern (for example, regional Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool policy, business, action on climate, c limate, etc.) In November of 2014, the number of commissioners was reduced to two thirds of the number of Member States (18 total). Te members of the Commission are chosen from Member State nationals following a fair rotation system between member countries. Te Commission is responsible to the European Union parliament. Te Commission C ommission is assisted by a secreta secretary ry general who prepares the work and ensures coordination between its branches and other institutions. Te length of mandate of the Commission is five years as a s is the term of office of the European parliament. pa rliament. Te commission meets at least once a week in Brussels, generally on a Wednesday, and during the monthly sessions of the European Parliament in Strasburg. ( Figure 1-2) Te European Commission promotes promo tes the general interests of the EU and takes appropriate initiatives to that end. It ensures external representation of the EU with international organizations in most areas. Te EC also provides prov ides delegations to third thi rd countries (non-EU (non-EU states). European Commission responsibilities include:

1. Initiation of Legislat ive Power Power - most of the legislative acts of the Council (Council of Ministers of the European Union) require a proposal for such action from the Commission. Te Council cannot amend a proposal without a unanimous ruling. Te Commission can modify the proposal as long as the council has not ruled on it. 2. Guardianship of rea reaties ties - the Commission ensures compliance with and enforcement of European law and secondary legislation (regulations, directives, decisions, etc.) under the control of the Court of Justice of the t he European Union (CJEU). It inquires, prevents and penalizes penali zes members for non-compliance non-compliance with European treatie treaties. s. It can ca n appeal app eal to the t he Court of Justice of the European Union if a state does not follow the opinion that the European Commission has previously sent. 3. Execut Execution ion Power - the Commission is the body that executes policies and measures adopted by the Council of Ministers of the European Union. It administers the budget and manages common policies and funding. he Council monitors EC activities through various committees.

ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN AVIA A VIATION TION SAFETY AGENCY AGENCY (EASA) Te Europ European ean Aviatio Aviation n Safet y Agen Agency cy (EA (EASA SA or the Agenc Ag enc y) is th thee cen center ter pie piece ce of th thee Eu Europ ropea ean n Unio Union’s n’s strategy for aviation safety. Its mission is to promote and achieve the highest common standards of safety and environmental protection in civil aviation. EASA is the agency of the EU that looks after flight safety. It is based in Cologne (Germany) and became operational in September 2003. Te agency employs over 400 agents from all European Union countries. ( Figure 1-3) h e cre he creati ation on of EA EASA SA pav paved ed th thee way for a new EU legislation on safety and the environmental compatibility of civil aviation. he new Basic Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 entered into force on 8 April 2008 200 8 and sets out the tasks of the Agency.

Figure 1-2. European Commission headquarters in Brussels, Belgium.


EASA's mission is to promote the highest possible level of safety and environmental protection in civil aviation. It facilitates the free movement of goods, persons and services, promotes cases for regulatory and certification processes and assists Member States in meeting their 1.5


Eng. M. Rasool EASA currently has the following responsibilities: • Provide technical expertise to the EU for new legislation. • Implement and monitor the implementation of security policies including conducting inspections in Member States. • Carry out the certification of aircraft and equipmen equipment. t. • Issue licenses to organizat organizations ions providing the design, manufacture a nd maintenance of aeronautical products. • Allow operators of third countries (those outside the EU). • Perform research and analysis into safet safety. y. In 2009, the European Commission extended the areas of competence of EASA even further. he Agency Ag ency is now al also so res respons ponsible ible for sa safet fetyy on ai airp rport ortss and in air traffic management (AM) as well as in Air Navigational Services (ANS).

Figure 1-3. EASA headquarters in Cologne, Germany.

obligations under ICAO. At the global level, EASA promotes and defends its views on the safety standards to be applied in civil aviation.

EASA RESPONSIBILITIES At f ir st st,, EU re regg ul at ation ionss me mere rely ly es esta tabl blis ishe hed d EA SA and the basis for action in the field of certification of aeronautical products, organizations and persons involved in the design, production and maintenance of aircraft. In a second step, the Commission, assisted by EASA, gradually propose amendments as necessary to extend the scope of the text to any other field relevant to the safety of civil aviation.

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h e Ag he Agen ency cy a ls lsoo ha s th thee po powe werr to con conduc duc t ce cerr ta in tasks for which collective action is more effective than action by individual Member States. In par ticular, EASA is responsible for the certification of aeronautical products. It also helps the Commission monitor the implementation impleme ntation of rules a nd safeguards that may be required. EASA provides technical assistance to aeronautical authorities of third countries and international organizations for safety and environmental compatibility of civil aviation. Finally, the Agency supports the European Union and its Member States in their cooperation with and assistance to third countries. INDEPENDENCE AND SUPERVISION INDEPENDENCE o pr prot otec ectt fr from om po poli liti tica ca l in inte terf rfer eren ence ce,, de deci cisi sions ons of safety must be undertaken by a neutral and independent authority with the necessary skills. EASA and its executive director are under the supervision of an independent board of the Agency, which is responsible for monitoring the proper application of EC measures and regulations. he executive director is appointed by the board that is composed of representatives from Member States and the Commission. Te board, under the control of the Commission, defines priorities, sets the budget and monitors the operation of EASA. INTERNATIONAL RECRUITMENT It is the duty of EASA to enroll the largest possible number of European partners to its system. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool Regulations allow t he involvement involvement of all countries that agree to adopt and implement EU legislation in the field of air transport.

by the Agency A gency.. his includes guidelines, which must be approved by the Commission for the allocation of certification tasks to qualified entities.

STUDIES AND RESEARCH h rou rough gh re rese sear arch ch an and d st ud udies ies , th thee ag agenc enc y de deve velop lopss expertise on everything related to the safety of civil aviation. It develops legislation and implements measures to control the safety of aeronau aeronautical tical products through the communication with the organizations and individuals associated with their handling.

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Te executive director d irector alone is empowered to adopt acts ac ts concerning safety and environmental protection. He or she decides on inspections and investigations and is the manager of the Agency. As such, the executive director is responsible for the preparation prepa ration and implementation of the budget and work program as well as for all questions related to personnel.

EASA INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND OPERATION EASA is an independent body of the European Union with its own legal lega l identity. It is headed and represented by its executive director. he Agency may, with the consent of the Member State concerned, establish local offices in any Member State. STAFF AND LANGUAGE hee Ag enc y's st h staf af f con consi sist stss of a li mit mited ed nu numbe mberr of officials approved by the EC or Member States to carry out management duties. ( Figu Figure re 1-4 ) Other employees are recruited by EASA on a limited basis, according to its requirements. All opinions addressed to the Commission concerning actions to be adopted must be made in all official languages of the community which are: a re: Bulg Bulgar arian, ian, Czech, Czec h, Danish, Danis h, Dutch, English, Engl ish, Estonian, Finnish, French, Irish, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, and Swedish. Applications to the Agency for certification may be filed in any of the official languages of the Community and the Agency will reply in the same language. MANAGEMENT BOARD A management board is composed of one representative from each Member State and one representative from the Commission. Te board elects a chairperson and a deputy chairperson from among its members. Te term of office is three years and is renewable.

Te management board exercises a supervisory function. funct ion. It appoints the executive director, adopts the annual report and work program (after approval by the Commission) Commissio n) and makes budgetary decisions. he board dictates the working procedures to be followed Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

BOARD OF APPEALS A board of appeals appeals is set set up to review review individual individual decisions decisions taken by the Agency. here is a clear separation of functions between the board of appeals and the agency. Te memb members ers of the board of appeal must be indepen independent. dent.

Appeals may be lodged against: a gainst: • Decisi Decisions ons granting type certificates. • Decisions made in the context of an investigation. • Decisions relating to fees. Ap peaa ls ca Appe caus usee a de defe ferr rr a l of an ac acti tion on ta ke ken n by t he Agencyy only Agenc on ly when so s o decided by the t he Agenc Agency. y. Appeals Appea ls may be made against final decisions only. Any person may appeal a decision addressed to, or of direct and individual concern to, that person. h e bo he boaa rd of ap appe peaa l ma mayy co conc nclud ludee it itss ex exam am in inat ation ion either by making a decision or by referring the case to the competent body of the Agency, in which case the Agency is bound by the reasoning of the board. Provision is made for review of the decisions of the board of appeals by the Court Cour t of Justice of the European Communities under the same terms as the t he review of EU acts. Member States may appeal against decisions taken by the Agency on type certification and on inspections. WORKING METHODS Te management board develops transparent procedures for the adoption of opinions, acceptable means of compliance and guidance material. hese procedures must ensure the use of the relevant expertise, wide consultation of all interested parties and the right of each Member State to be associated a ssociated with the adoptio adoption n process. Special procedures must be developed to allow the Agency to take immediate action in case of safety 1.7


Eng. M. Rasool

Figure 1-4. EASA Corporate structure.

problems. Similar transparent procedures apply in the case of individual decisions. h e Ag he Agenc enc y an and d th thee qua li liff ied ent entiti ities es ac acti ting ng on its behalf may undertake the inspections inspect ions and investigations necessary in order to perform the tasks assigned to them. he Agency conducts inspections in the Member States to verify that EASA regulations and implementing rules are applied correctly. Te Agency is authorized to condu conduct ct the investigations required in order to issue any relevant certificates and ensure continued safety oversight. 1.8

FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS Te Agency's Agenc y's budget is financed fina nced by a contribution from the EU fees. It charges fees for publications and training it provides. Financial control is ensured by the financial controller of the Commission. A court of auditors of the European Communities examines the Agency's accounts and publishes an annual report on EASA’s activities. Te discharge of the Agency budget is given to the Executive Director Direc tor by the European Parliament. A fina financia nciall reg regula ulation tion spe specif cif yi ying ng the proce procedure dure to be followed in preparing and implementing the budget is adopted by the management board, after obtaining the Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool agreement of the Commission and the opinion of the court of auditors.

THE ROLE ROLE OF MEMBERS MEMBERS STATES Te role of EASA Member States is limited to providing expertise as appropriate for rulemaking and certification tasks. Tey issue individual airworthiness certificates and approvals to organizations and personnel in their territory. If required, the Member States take action on a case by case basis to ensure safety or appropriate operational flexibility. SHARING OF ROLES Many functions of the Member States are shared responsibilities with EASA as a whole or with the European Commission. Others are the sole responsibility of that country’s Civil Aviation Authority. he table below gives insight as to the role of each entity in some common functions. MEMBER ST STA ATE OBLIGATION O BLIGATION Since the Community is a supranational organization, Member States may no longer issue their own rules, deviate from common rules, impose additional requirement to EASA rules, or conclude arrangements with third th ird countries.

RULES AND AUTHORITY Te Europe European an Commis Commission sion has adopted stand standards ards for rule making. he chart in Fig il lustrates the Figure ure 1-5 il establishing regulations and the locations of various functions under those regulations.

REGUL ATION (EC REGULA (EC)) 216/2008 Regulation (EC) 216/2008 of the European Europea n Parliament and of the EU Council was passed on 20 February 2008. It established common rules in the field of civil aviation and it established the European Aviation Safety Agency A gency (EASA). In the process, it paved the way for EASA authority and development while repealing other Council directives on aviation previously on the books. his regulation applies to the design, production, maintenance and operation of aeronautical products, parts and appliances, as well as personnel and organizations involved in the design, production and maintenance of such products, parts and appliances. It also applies to personnel and organizations involved in the operation of aircraft. EC 216/2008 does not apply when products, parts, appliances, personnel and organizations are engaged in military, customs, police, or similar services. Member States must ensure that such services are practicable in their own countries and are aligned with objective set forth in EC 216/2008. REGULATION (EC) 748/2012 Commission Regulation (EC) 748/2012 of 3 Aug ust 201 20122 est establ ablish ished ed impl implement ement ing ru rules les for th thee airworthiness and environmental certification of aircraft and a nd related products, products, parts and appliances, as welll as for the cer wel certi tiff icat ication ion of desi design gn and produ product ction ion organizations. organizat ions. It defines defines common technical requirements and administrative procedures for the air worthiness and environmental certification of products, parts and appliances. (EC) 748/2012 specifies and/or authorizes the following: a. he issue of ty pe-certif icates, restricted ty pecertificates, supplemental type-certificates and changes to those certificates.

STANDARDS

CERTIFICATES

Airworthiness/Environment ype certifi certificates cates Design Organization Approvals Individual Airworthiness Certificates Production Organization Approvals (EC) Production Organization Approvals (non-EC)

EASA/EC EASA/EC EASA/EC EASA/EC EASA/EC

EASA EASA CAA CAA EASA

Maintenance (145, Subpart-F, CAMO, 66, 147) Organizations (Non-EC country) Organizations (EC country) Part-66 Licenses (Only issued by Member State)

EASA EASA/EC EASA/EC

EASA CAA CAA


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Eng. M. Rasool Commission Regulation (EC) 216/2008

Air wort hine ss a nd Environmental Certification Environmental Regulation (EC) 748/2012

Section A: Requirements for applicants and acquired rights and obligations obligations.. Section B: Procedures for competent authorities.

Annex (Part 21)

Certification Specifications CS22 - CS23 - CS25...

Appendix: EASA Forms

Regulation (EC) 1321/2014 Continuing airworthiness of aircraft and aeronautical products

Annex I Part M Continuing Airworthiness

Annex II Part 145 Maintenance Organization Approvals

Annex III Part 66 Certifying Staff

Section A: Requirements for applicants and acquired rights and obligations Section B: Procedures for competent authorities

Appendi x: EASA Forms

Annex IV Part 147 Training Organization Approvals

Figure 1-5. EASA regulations.

b. Te issue issue of of certificates certificates of of airworthiness, restricted certificates of airworthiness, permits to fly and authorized release certificates. c. Te issue of repair design approvals. d. the showing of compliance with environmental protection requirements. e. Te issue of noise certi certificates. ficates. f. Te identification of products, part partss and appliances. g. Te certific certification ation of certain parts and appliances. h. he certif ication of design design and production production organizations. i. Te issue of airworthiness directives.

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h e fol lo lowi wi ng de deff in it ition ionss ap appl plyy in Re Regg ul at ation ion EC 1702/2003: a. "JAA" means the "Joint "Joint Aviation Authorities" Authorities".. b. "JAR" means "Joint Aviation Requirements" Requirements".. c. "Part 21" 21" means the requirements and procedures for the certification of aircraft and related products, parts and appliances, and of design and production organizations annexed to this Regulation. d. "Part-M" means the applicable continuin g airworthiness requirements adopted in pursuance to the basic Regulation.


Eng. M. Rasool REGULATION (EC) 1321/2014 Ano A nott he r Co Comm mm is si sion on re g u la t io ion n (E C) 13 1321 21 /2 014 wass pa wa pass ssed ed on 26 Nove November mber 2014 2014.. It dea ls wit h th thee continued contin ued air worthiness of aircra ft and aerona aeronautical utical products, parts and appliances, and the approval of organizations and personnel involved in these tasks. Tis Regulation establishes common technical requirements and administrative procedures for ensuring the continuing airworthiness of aircraft. h  h is i nc lu de s a ny co mp on en t fo forr i ns t a l l at io n on these aircraft that are either registered in a Member State or registered in a third country and used by an operator for which a Member State ensures oversight of operations. Te provisions of (EC) 1321/2014 related to commercial air tra nsport are applicab applicable le to licensed air carriers ca rriers as defined defi ned by EU law. law. AIR TRANSPORT EASA OPERATIONS OPERATIONS Air A ircr craf af t us used ed for com commer merci cial al ai r tr an ansp spor ortt mus mustt be maintained in an airworthy condition in accordance with Part-M of EASA regu regulations. lations. Maintenance must be performed by a Part 145 approved maintenance organization using Part 66 qualified personnel trained in a Part 147 approved training center.

EASA RELATIONS WITH THE OTHER OTHER AVIA AVIATION TION AUTHORITIES AUTHO RITIES EASA r ule making is tightly coordinated with international cooperation. he development of international standards may become EU law. Tere are agreements and international arrangements in place in the European Community which are considered during EASA operations. EASA works in concert with Member State national aviation authorities to be effective.


MULTILATERAL COOPERATION MULTILATERAL C OOPERATION EASA helps the EU and its Member States in harmonizing its rules and standards on the international level. In particular, specialists from the EASA regulatory directorate participate in the work of ICAO. BILATERAL COOPERATION hee Ag h Agenc encyy ac acts ts in a way to prom promote ote ci circu rcu lat ion of European products and services ser vices throughout the world. It assists third country regulators with certification of European products and service providers. Reciprocally, European certificates may be issued on the basis of certificates having already been issued in third countries when there is sufficient confidence in the standards used by those countries. o do this, the EU must conclude bilateral agreements or arrangements dependent on the nature of the subject. Functioning arrangements have been concluded with Brazil, Canada, China, Israel, Japan, New Zeala Z ealand, nd, Russia, Rus sia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, United States and the Committee of Aviation Interstates of the Community of Independent States. DEVELOPING NATION ASSISTANCE o en ensu su re th e h ig ighe hest st le leve vell of ci civv i l a ir ircr cr a ft sa fe fett y, because European citizens travel t ravel throughout the world and because third country aircraft use EC airports, the EASA assists developing countries in improving their standardization rules. In these endeavors, the Agency acts in tandem with the European Commission on the development and execution of significant cooperation projects in Asia and Central America.

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Eng. M. Rasool

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Eng. M. Rasool QUESTIONS

Question: 1-1

Question: 1-5

Te Chicago Convention on civil aviation of 1944 defines the rights and obligations for the __________________ of aircraft.

EASA and its executive director are under the supervision of an __________________ board of the Agency.

Question: 1-2

Question: 1-6

Te International Air Ai r Services Serv ices ransit ransit Agreement that is known as the "wo Freedom” agreement allows aircraft to __________________ the territory of signatory countries.

A ____________ ______ ____________ ______ is set up to review individual indiv idual decisions taken by the Agency.

Question: 1-3

1-77 Question: 1-

Annex 1 of ICAO is concerned concerned with __________________ licensing.

Aircra ft used for commercial air transport Aircraft t ransport must be maintained in an airworthy condition in accordance with __________ ____ ____________ ________ __ of EASA regulations. regulat ions.

Question: 1-4 Te ___________ _____ ____________ ________ presents legislative proposals and oversees the application of policies and implementation of the EU budget.


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Eng. M. Rasool ANSWERS

Answer: 1-1

Answer: 1-5

operation.

independent.

Answer: 1-2

Answer: 1-6

overfly.

board of appeals.

Answer: 1-3

Answer: 1-7

personnel.

Part-M.

Answer: 1-4 European Commission (EC).

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Eng. M. Rasool


¦

LEVELS A B1 B2

Sub-Module 02 CERTIFYING STAFF — MAINTENANCE


10.2 - Certifying Staff — Maintenance

2

2

2

Detailed understanding of Part-66.

Level 2 A general knowledge k nowledge of t he theoretic al and prac tical aspects a spects of t he subject and an ability to apply that k nowledge. Objectives:

(a)) (a

Te applicant should be able to understand the theoretical theoretical fundamentals of the subject. (b) Te applicant should be able to give a general description of the subject using, as appropriate, typical examples. (c) Te applicant should be able to use mathematical formula in conjunction with physical laws describing the subject. (d) Te applicant should be able to read and understa nd sketches , drawings and schematics describing the subject. (e) Te applicant should be able to apply his knowled knowledge ge in a practica l manner using detailed procedures.


2.1

F F E A T C S N A G N N I E T Y F I N I T A R E M C

Eng. M. Rasool INTRODUCTION Current EASA Part-66 succeeds the Joint Aviation Requirements (JARS) Part-66 that previously bound the European Union states in a collaborative aviation safety effort. EASA Part-66 sets forth the requirements applicable to aircraft maintenance staffs that issue certificates of ‘release to service’ of aircraft or aircraft parts under the framework of EASA Part Par t 145. 145. Approved Maintenance Organizations. A brief timeline of the evolution that has resulted in today’s EASA Part-66 is as follows: • Date of approval of the JAR66 December 1997 • Beginni Beginning ng of Implemen Implementation tation of JAR66 June 1st, 1998 • Mandatory Ma ndatory Application of JAR66 June 1st, 2001 • Entrance into force of EASA September 23rd, 2003 • Enter into force of EASA Part-66 Part-66 September 28th, 200 20044

GENERAL h e imp he imple leme menta ntati tion on of EA SA Pa Parr t-6 t-666 re regg ul at ation ionss (Annex III of the EC 1321/2014) is directly linked to EASA Part 145 requirements. Part 145, paragraph 145.A.30 (g) and (h) specify: g. Any organizat ion maintaini ng aircra ft, except where stated st ated otherwise, other wise, shal shalll in i n the t he case ca se of aircra aircraft ft line maintenance, have appropriate aircraft rated certifying staff qualified as category B1, B2, B3, as appropriate, in accordance with Annex III (Part-66) and point 14 145.A.35. 5.A.35. In addition, such organizations may also use appropriately task trained certifying staff holding the privileges described in points 66.A.20(a)(1) and 66.A.20(a)(3)(ii) and qualified in accordance with Annex III (Part-66) and point 145.A.35 to carry out minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification. Te availability avai lability of such certify cer tifying ing staff sta ff shall shal l not replace the need for category B1, B2, B3 certifying staff, as appropriate. h. Any organizat ion maintaini ng aircra ft, except where whe re sta stated ted oth other erwi wise se,, sha ll in th thee ca case se of bas basee 2.2

maintenance of la rge aircraf t, have appropriate maintenance aircraft ty pe rated certifying staff qualified as category C in accordance with w ith Part-66 and 145.A.35. In addition the organization shall have sufficient aircraft type rated staff qualified as category B1 and B2 in accordance with Part-66 and 145.A.35 to support the category category C certifying certif ying staff. B1 and B2 support staff shall ensure that all relevant tasks or inspections inspect ions have been carried out to the required standard before the category C certifying staff issues the certificate of release to service. Te organization shall maintain a register of any such B1 and B2 support staff.  he ca te go r y C ce r t i f y in g st a f f sh a l l en su re t ha t he compliance has been met and that all work required by the customer has been accomplished during the particular base maintenance check or work package, and shall also assess the impact of any work not carried out with wit h a vie view w to eithe eitherr requ requir iring ing its accompl accomplishme ishment nt or agreeing with the t he operator to defer such work work to another specified check or time limit. DEFINITIONS Within the scope scop e of the basic Regulation, Regu lation, the following definitions shall apply: • Aeroplane/ Aeroplane/Airplane: Airplane: an engine driven fixed-wing aircraft heavier than air, that is supported inflight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings. • Aircraft: any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than reactions reactio ns of the air against the earth ’s surface. • Airf Airframe: rame: the fuselage, booms, nacelles, cowlings, fairings, airfoil sur faces (including rotors but excluding propellers and a nd rotating airfoils of engines), and landing gear of an aircraft and their accessories and controls. • Certifying staff: personnel responsi responsible ble for the release of an aircraft or a component after maintenance. • Component: any engine, propeller, par partt or appliance. • Continuing air worthiness: all of the processes ensuring that, at any time in its operating life, the aircraft complies with the airworthiness requirements in force and is in a condition for safe operation. • Helicopter: a rotorcraft that, for its vertical motion, motion, depends principally on its engine-driven rotors. • EASA: European Aviation Safety Agency. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool •

•

•

Large Aircraft: an aircraft, classified as an aerop aeroplane lane with a ma ximum takeoff mass of more tha than n 5 700 kg, or a multiengined helicopter. Maintenance: Maintena nce: any one or combination of overhaul, repair, inspection, replacement, modif ication or defect rectification of an aircraft or component, wit h th thee e xce xcept ption ion of pre preff li light ght ins inspe pect ction ion.. Organization: a natural person, a legal person or part of a legal person. Such an organization may be

•

•

established at more than tha n one location whether or not within the t he territory of the Member States. Pref light inspection: the inspection carr ied out before flight to ensure that the aircraft is fit for the intended flight. Propeller: a complete propeller including all part partss attached to and rotating with the hub and blades, and all equipment required for the control and operation of the propeller.

PART-66 Te basis of Part-6 Part-666 is Anne Annexx III of Regu R egulation lation (EC) 1321/2014. SCOPE (66.A.1) Te following sections establish the requirements for the issue of an aircraft a ircraft maintenance license and conditions of its validity and use for airplanes and helicopters. Te Part-66 section(s) from which the information is taken is located in parenthesis and lettering or numbering of subsections is retained in most cases. A blank Part-66 license is shown in Figure 2-1. LICENSE CA CATEGORIES TEGORIES (66.A.3) i. Aircra Aircraft ft maintenance licenses include the following categories: • Category A • Category B1 • Category B2 • Category B3 • Category C j. Lice License nse cat categor egor ies A and B1 ar aree sub subdiv div ide ided d into subcategories depending on the kind of aircraft and the type of powerplant(s) installed. hese subcategories are: • A1 and B1. B1.11 Air Airplanes planes urbine • A2 and B1.2 Air Airplanes planes Piston • A3 and B1.3 Helicopters urbine • A4 and B1.4 Helicopters Piston k. Category B3 is applicable to piston-engine nonnonpressurized airplanes of 2000 20 00 kg k g MOM and below. below. AIRCRAFT GROUPS (66.A.5) (66.A.5) For the purpose of ratings on aircraft maintenance licenses, aircraft shall be classified in the following groups:


1. Group 1: complex engine powered aircra aircraft ft as well as multiple engine helicopters, airplanes with maximum certif ied operating altitude exceeding FL290, aircraft equipped with fly-by-wire systems and other aircraft requiring an aircraft type rating when defined so by the Agency. 2. Group 2: aircraft other than those in Group 1 belonging to the following subgroups: • Sub-group 2a: single turbo-propeller engine airplanes • Sub-group 2b: single turbine engine helicopters • Sub-group 2c: single piston engine helicopters. 3. Group 3: piston engine airpla airplanes nes other than those in Group 1. APPLICATION (66.A. APPLICA (66.A.10 10)) Note: he “competent “competent authority” sp ecified below is typically ty pically the Civil Aviatio Aviation n Authority (CAA) of a country. a. An application for an aircra aircraft ft maintenance license or change to such license shall be made on an EASA Form 19 in a manner established by the competent authority and submitted thereto. ( Figure Figure 2-2) b. he application for a chan ge to an aircra ft maintenance license shall be made to the competent authority of the Member State that issued the aircraft maintenance license. c. In addition to to the documents required in points 66.A.10(a), 66.A.10(b) and 66.B.105, as appropriate, the applicant for additional basic categories or subcategories to an aircraft maintenance license shall submit his/her current original aircraft maintenance license to the competent authority together with the t he EASA Form 19.

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Eng. M. Rasool

Figure 2-1. A Part-66 aircraft maintenance license.

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Eng. M. Rasool


Figure 2-2. Form 19 application for an aircraft maintenance license (AML).

d. Where the applicant for change of the basic basic categories qualifies for such change via the procedure referred to in point 66.B.100 in a Member State other than the Member State which issued the license, the application shall be sent to the competent authority referred to in point 66.1. e. Wher e the applicant for chan ge of the basic categories qualifies for such cha nge via the procedure referred to in point 66.B.105 in a Member State other than the t he Member State which issued the license, the maintenance organization approved in accordance with Annex II (Part145) shall send the aircraft maintenance license together with the EASA E ASA Form 19 to the competent competent authority referred to in point 66.1 for stamp and signature of the change or reissue of the license, as appropriate. f. E a c h a p p l i c a t i o n s h a l l b e s u p p o r t e d b y documentation to demonstrate compliance with the applicable theoretical knowledge, practical training and experience requirements at the time of application. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

ELIGIBILIT Y (66.A. ELIGIBILITY (66.A.15) 15) An applicant for an aircra aircraft ft maintenance license shall be at least 18 years of age. PRIVILEGES (66.A.20) Te following privileges privi leges shall shal l apply: 1. A category A aircraft maintenance maintenance license permits the holder to issue certificates of release to service following minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks specifically specific ally endorsed on the certification certificat ion authorization referred to in point 145.A.35 of Annex II (Part-145). Te certification certification privileges shall be restricted to to work work that the license holder has personally performed in the maintenance organization that issued the certification authorization. 2. A category B1 aircra aircraft ft maintenance license shal shalll permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service and to act as B1 support staff following: • Maintenanc Maintenancee performe performed d on aircraft structure, powerplant and mechanical and electrical systems, • Work on avionic systems requiri requiring ng only simple 2.5

Eng. M. Rasool tests to prove their serviceability and not requiring troubleshooting. 3. A category B2 aircra aircraft ft maintenance license shal shalll permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service and to act as B2 support staff for following: • Maintenance performed on avionic and electrical systems, and • Electrica Electricall and avionics tasks within power plant and mechanical systems, requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability, and • Minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks specifical ly endorsed on the certif ication authorization referred to in point 145.A.35 of Annex II I I (Part-145). (Part-145). Tis certification cert ification privilege priv ilege shalll be restricted to work that the license holder shal has personally performed in the maintenance organization which issued the certification authorization and limited to the ratings already endorsed in the B2 license. 4. A category B3 aircra ft maintenance license shall permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service and to act as B3 support staff for: • Maintenance performed on airplane structu structure, re, power plant and mechanical and electrical systems, • Work on avionic syste ms requi ring only simple tests to prove their serviceability and not requiring troubleshoo troubleshooting. ting. hee cat h catego egorr y B3 lic licens ensee doe doess not inc lude an anyy A subcategory. Nevertheless, this does not prevent the B3 license holder from releasing maintenance tasks typical of the A1.2 subcategory for piston engine nonpressurized aeroplanes of 2000 Kg MOM and below, within the limitations contained in the B3 license. 5. A category category C aircraf t maintenance maintenance license shall permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service following base maintenance on aircraft. Te privileges apply to the aircraft in its entirety. h e ca he cate tego gorr y C li lice cens nsee pe perm rm its ce cerr ti f ic icat ation ion of scheduled base maintenance by the issue of a single certificate of release to service for the complete aircraft aircra ft after the completion of all such maintenance. Te basis for this certification is that the maintenance has been carried out by competent mechanics and category B1, B2 and B3 support staff, sta ff, as appropriate, have signed for the maintenance tasks under their 2.6

respective specialization. Te principal function of the category C certifying staff is to ensure that all required maintenance has been called up and signed off by the category B1, B2 and B3 support staff, as appropriate, before issue of the certificate of release to service. Only category C personnel who also hold category B1, B2 or B3 qualifications may perform both roles in base maintenance. REQUIREMENTS FOR EXERCISING PRIVILEGES

Te holder of an a n airc aircraf raftt maintena maintenance nce licens licensee may not exercise its privileges unless: a. In compliance with the applicable requirements of Annex I (Part(Par t-M) M) and Annex II (Part( Part-145); 145); and b. In the precedi ng tqo year period he/she has, either had six months of maintenance experience in accordance with the privileges granted by the aircraft maintenance license or, met the provision for the issue of the appropriate privileges; and c. He/she has the adequate competence to certi fy maintenance on the corresponding aircraft; and d. He/she is able to read, write and communicate communicate to to an understandable level in the language(s) in which the technical documentation and procedures necessary to support the issue of the certificate of release to service are written. DEFINITIONS FOR EXERCISING PRIVILEGES

Te following foll owing definit definitions ions apply: apply : (GM.66.20) (GM.66. 20) Electrical system: system: the aircraft electrical power supply source, plus the distribution system to the different components contained in the aircraft and relevant connectors. Lighting systems are also included in this definition. When working on cables and connectors which are a re part par t of these electrica electricall systems, the following typical practices are included in the privileges: • Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing. • Crimping and testing of crimped joints. • Connector pin removal and insertion. • Wiring protection techniques. Av ion ics sy Avion syste stem m: an aircraft system that transfers, processes, displays or stores analogue or digital data using data lines, data buses, coaxial cables, wireless or other data transmission medium, and includes the system’s components components and a nd connectors. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool Examples of avionics systems include the following: • Autoflight. • Communication, Radar and Navigation. • Instruments (see NOE below) below).. • In Flight Entertainment Systems. • Integrated Integr ated Modular Avionics (IM (IMA). A). • On-Board Maintenance Systems. • Information Systems. • Fly F ly by Wire Systems, (related to A AA27 A27 “Fl “Flight ight Controls”). • Fibre Optic Control Systems.

• •

NOE: Instruments are formally included within the privileges of the B2 license holders. However, maintenance on electromechanical and pitot-static components may also be released by a B1 license holder.

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Simple test : a test described in approved maintenance data and meeting all the following criteria: • Te serviceability of the system can be verified using aircraft controls, switches, Built-in est Equipment (BIE), Central Maintenance Computer (CMC) or external test equipment not involving special training. • he outcome outcome of the test is a unique go – no no go indication or parameter, which can be a single value va lue or a va value lue wit withi hin n an inte interv rval al tole tolera rance. nce. No interpretation of the test result or interdependence of different values is allowed. al lowed. • Te test does not involve more than 10 10 actions as described in the approved maintenance data (not including those required to configure the aircraft prior to the test, i.e. jacking, flaps down, etc, or to return the aircraft to its initial configuration). Pushing a control, switch or button, and reading the corresponding outcom outcomee may be considered as a single step even if the maintenance data shows them separated. Troubleshooting : the procedures and actions necessary, Troubleshooting using approved maintenance data, in order to identify the root cause of a defect or malfunction. It may include the use of BIE or external test equipment. Line maintenance: any maintenance: any maintenance that is carried out before flight to ensure that the aircraft is fit for the intended flight. It may include: • rouble shooti shooting. ng. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

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•

Defect rectificat rectification. ion. Component replacement with use of exter nal test equipment, if required. Component replacement may include components such as engines and propellers. Scheduled maintenance and/or checks including v i s u a l i n s p e c t i o n s t h a t w i l l d e t e c t o b v i o u s unsatisfactory conditions/discrepancies but do not require extensive in depth inspection. It may also include internal structure, systems and power plant items which are visible through quick opening access panels/doors. Minor repairs and modifications which do not require extensive disassembly and can be accomplished by simple means. Forr tempo Fo temporary rary or occasio occasional nal cases (Airworthiness Directives (AD’s) and Service Bulletins (SB’s) the quality manager may accept base maintenance tasks to be performed by a line maintenance organization provided all requirements are fulfilled. Te Member State will prescribe the conditions under which these tasks may be performed.

falli ng outside the criteria Base maintenance: any maintenance: any task falling that are given g iven above for line maintenance. NOE: Aircraft maintained in accordance with "progressive" type programs need to be individually assessed in relation to this paragraph. In principle, the decision to allow some "progressive" checks to be carried out is determined by the assessment that all tasks within the particular check can be carried out safely to the required standards at the designated line maintenance station. BASIC KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS (66.A.25) a. An applicant applicant for an aircraft maintenance maintenance license, or the addition of a category or subcategory to such a license, shall demonstrate by examination a level of knowledge in the appropriate subject modules in accordance with the Appendix I to Annex III (Part-66). Te appropriate subject module license category chart from Appendix 1 is reproduced on the “Welcome” page at the beginning of this module. Te examination shall be conducted either by a training organization appropriately approved in accordance with Annex IV (Part-147) or by the competent authority. 2.7


Eng. M. Rasool b. Te training courses courses and and examinations shall be passed within 10 years prior prior to the the application application for an aircraft maintenance license or the addition of a category or subcategory to such aircraft maintenance license. Should this not be the t he case, examination exa mination credits may however be obtained in accordance with point (c). c. Te applicant may apply to the competent competent authority for full or partial examination credit to the basic knowledge requirements for: • Basic knowledge exam examinations inations that do not meet the requirement described in point (b) above, and • Any other technica technicall quali qualification fication considered by the competent authority to be equivalent to the knowledge standard of Annex III (Part-66). Credits shall be granted in accordance with Subpart-E of Section B of this Annex (Part-66). d. Credits expire 10 years after they are granted to the applicant by the competent authority. Te applicant may apply for new credits after expiration. BASIC EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS (66.A.30) NEW LICENSE

An applic applicant ant for an a n airc aircraf raftt mainte maintenance nance licens licensee sha shallll have acquired: a. For categor categoryy A, subcategories B1.2 B1.2 and B1.4 and category B3: • Tree years of practica practicall maintenance exper experience ience on operating aircraft, if the applicant has no previous relevant technical training; or • wo years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of training considered relevant by the competent authority as a skil skilled led worker, worker, in a technical trade; or • One year of practical maintenan maintenance ce experience on operating aircraft and completion of a basic training course approved in accordance with Annex IV (Part(Par t-14 147). 7). b. For category B2 and subcategories B1. B1.11 and B1.3: • Five years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft if the applicant has no previous relevant technical training; or • Tree years of practica practicall maintenance exper experience ience on operating aircraft and completion of training considered relevant by the competent authority as a skilled worker, in a technical trade; or • wo years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of a basic 2.8

training course approv approved ed in accordanc accordancee with Annex IV (Part(Part-14 147). 7). c. For category C with respect to large aircraft: • hree years of experience exercising category B1.1, B1.3 or B2 privileges on large aircraft or as support staff according to point 145.A.35, or, a combination of both; or • Five years of exper ience exercising category B1.2 or B1.4 privileges on large aircraft or as support staff according to point 145.A.35, or a combination of both. d. For category C with respect to other than large aircraft: • Tree years of exper experience ience exercising category B1 or B2 privilege privilegess on other other than large aircraft ai rcraft or as support staff sta ff according to point p oint 145.A.35(a) 145.A.35(a),, or a combination of both; e. For category C obtained through the academic route: • an applicant holding an academic degree in a technical discipline, from a university or other higher educational institution recognized by the competent authority, three years of experience working working in a civil aircraft mainten maintenance ance environment on a representative selection of tasks directly associated with aircraft maintenance including 6 months of observation of base maintenance tasks. LICENSE EXTENSION

An applicant for an extension to an aircraft aircraf t maintenance license shall have a minimum civil aircraft maintenance experience requirement appropriate to the additional category or subcategory of license applied for as defined in Appendix IV to this Annex (Part-66). Te experience shall be practical and involve a representative cross section of maintenance tasks on aircraft. At least 1 year of the required experience shall be recent maintenance experience on aircraft of the category/subcategory for which the initia l aircraft aircra ft maintenance license is sought. For subsequent category/subcategory additions to an existing ai rcraft maintenance license, the additional recent maintenance experience required may be less than one year, but shall be at least three months. Te required experience shall be dependent upon the difference between the license category/subcategory held and applied for. Such additional experience shall be typical of the new license category/subcategory sought. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool ALTERNA AL TERNATE TE EXPERIENCE

Notwithstanding paragraph (a), aircraft maintenance experience gained outside a civil aircraft maintenance environment shall be accepted when such maintenance is equivalent to that required by this Annex (Part-66) as established by the competent authority. Additional experience of civil aircraft mainten maintenance ance shall, however however,, be required to ensure adequate understanding of the civil aircraft maintenance environment. Experience shall have been acquired within the 10 years preceding the application for an aircraft aircraf t maintenance license or the addition of a category or subcategory to such a license. CONTINUED VALIDITY OF THE AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENSE (66.A.40) a. Te aircraft maintenance license becomes invalid five years after its last issue or change, unless the holder submits his/her aircraft maintenance license to the competent authority that issued it, in order to verifyy that verif th at the information contained in the t he license l icense is the same as that contained in the competent authority records, pursuant to point 66.B.120. b. Te holder holder of an aircraft maintenance maintenance license shall complete the relevant parts of EASA Form 19 (see Appendix Append ix V) and submit it with w ith the holder’s copy of the license to the competent authority that issued the original aircraft maintenance license, unless the holder works in a maintenance organization approved in accordance with Annex II (Part-145) that has a procedure in its exposition whereby such organization may submit the necessary documentation on behalf behal f of the aircraft maintenance license holder.

A ny ce Any cerr t if ic icat at io ion n pr iv i le lege ge ba base se d up upon on a n a ir ircr cr a ft maintenance license becomes invalid as soon as the aircraft maintenance license is invalid. he aircraft maintenance license is only valid when issued and/ or changed by the competent authority and when the holder has signed the document. ENDORSEMENT WITH AIRCRAFT RATINGS (66.A.45) a. In order order to be entitled to exercise exercise certification privileges on a specific aircraft type, the holder holder of an aircraft maintenance license needs to have his/her license endorsed with the relevant aircraft ratings. • For category B1, B2 or C the relevant aircra aircraft ft ratings are the following: Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

b.

c.

d.

e.

1. For Group 1 airc raf t, the appropriate aircraft type ty pe rating. rating. 2. For Group 2 airc raf t, the appropriate aircraft t ype rating, manufacturer subsubgroup rating or full sub-group rating. 3. For Group 3 airc raf t, the appropriate aircraft type ty pe rating or full group rating. rating. • For category B3, the relevant rating is ‘pisto ‘pistonnengine non-pressurized airplanes of 2 000 kg MOM and below. be low. • For category A, no rating is required, subject to compliance with the requirements of point 145.A.35 of Annex II (Part-145). Te endorsem endorsement ent of aircraft type typ e ratings requires requires the satisfactory completion of the relevant category B1,, B2 or C aircraft type training. B1 In addit addition ion to the requirement of point (b), (b), the endorsement of the first aircraft type rating within a given category/ category/subcategory subcategory requires satisfactory completion of the corresponding on the job training, as described in Appendix III II I to Annex III (Part-66 ( Part-66). ). By derogation from points (b) (b) and (c), (c), for Group Group 2 and Group Group 3 aircraft, aircraft a ircraft type ty pe ratings may also be granted after: • Satisfactory completion of the relevant category B1, B2 or C aircraft type examination described in Appendix III to this Annex (Part-66); and • In the case of B1 and B2 category, demonstration of practical experience on the aircraft type. In that case, the practical experience shall include a representative cross section of maintenance activities relevant to the license category. In the case of a category C rating for a person qualified by holding an academic degree as specified in point 66.A.30(a)(5), 66.A.30(a)(5), the first relevant aircraft type t ype examination shall be at the category B1 or B2 level. For Group 2 aircra aircraft: ft: 1. he endorsement of manufact urer sub-group ratings for category B1 and C license holders requires complying with the aircraft type rating requirements of at least two aircraft ty pes from the same manufacturer which combined are representative of the applicable manufacturer sub-grou sub-group. p. 2. Te endorsement endorsement of ful fulll sub-group ratings for category B1 and C license holders requires complying with the aircraft type rating requirements requirem ents of at least three aircraft t ypes from different manufacturers which combined 2.9


Eng. M. Rasool are representative of the applicable sub-group. 3. he endorsement of manufactu manufacturer rer sub-groups and full sub-group ratings for category B2 license holders requires demonstration of pract ical experience which shall shal l include a representative cross section of maintenance activities relevant to the license category and to the applicable applicable aircraft aircraf t sub-group. f. For Group 3 aircra aircraft: ft: 1. Te endorsement endorsement of the full Group Group 3 rating for category B1, B2 and C license holders requires demonstration of practical experience, which shall include a representative cross section of maintenance activities relevant to the license category and to the group 3. 2. For category B1, B1, unless the applicant applicant provides provides evidence of appropriate experience, the group 3 rating shall shal l be subject to to the following limitations, which shall be endorse endorsed d on the the license: license: • Pressurized airplanes. • Metal structure airplanes. • Composite struct structure ure air airplanes. planes. • Wooden struct structure ure air airplanes. planes. • Airpla nes with metal tubing structu re covered with fabric. g. For the B3 license: 1. Te endorsement of the rating "piston-engine non-pressurized airplanes of 2000 kg MOM and below" requires demonstration of practical experience which shall shal l include a representative cross-section of maintenance activities relevant to the license category. 2. Unless the applicant provides provides evidence of appropriate experience, the rating referred to in point 1 shall be subject to the following limitations, limitations, which shall be be endor endorsed sed on on the lice license: nse: • Wooden structure airplanes • Airpla nes with metal tubing structu re covered with fabric • Metal structure airplanes • Composite struct structure ure air airplanes. planes. LIMITATIONS (66.A.50) a. Limitatio Limitations ns introduc introduced ed on on an aircraft maintenance maintenance license are exclusions from the certification certificat ion privileges and affect the aircraft in its entirety. b. For limitations referred to in point point 66.A.45, lim limitations itations shall be removed upon: • Demonstration of appropriate exper experience; ience; or 2.10

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After a satisfactor y practica l asses sment performed by the competent authority. c. For limitat ions referred to in point 66.A .70, limitations shall be removed upon satisfactory completion of examination on those modules/ subjects defined in the applicable conversion report referred to in point 66.B.300. EVIDENCE OF QUALIFICATION (66.A.55) Personnel Perso nnel exercising certification privileges as well as support staff shall produce their license, as evidence of qualification, within 24 hours upon request by an authorized person. CONVERSION PROVISIONS (66.A.70) a. Te holder of a certify certifying ing staff qualification valid in a Member State, prior to the date of entry into force of Annex III (Part-66) shall be issued an aircraft maintenance license by the compete competent nt authority of this Member State without further examination subject to the conditions specified in Section B Subpart-D. b. A person undergoing a certif certifying ying staff quali qualification fication process valid in a Member State, prior to the date of entry into force of Annex III (Part-66) may continue to be qualified. Te holder of a certifying staff qualification gained following such process shall be issued an aircraft maintenance license by the competent authority of this Member State without further examination examination subject subject to the conditio conditions ns specified in Section B Subpart-D. c. Where necessar necessary, y, the aircraf aircraftt maintenance license shall contain limitations in accordance with point 66.A.50 to reflect the differences between (i) the scope of the certifying staff qualification valid in the Member State before the entry into force of this Regulation and (ii) the basic knowledge requirements and the basic examination standards laid down in Appendix I and and II to this Annex (Part-66) (Part-66).. d. By derogat ion to para graph (c) (c) for airc raf t not involved in commercial air transport other than large aircraft, the aircraft maintenance license shall contain limitations in accordance with point 66.A.50 to ensure that the certifying staff privileges valid in the Member State before the entry into force of this Regulation and the privileges of the converted Part66 aircraft mainten maintenance ance license remain the same.


Eng. M. Rasool PART-66.B PART -66.B PROCEDURES FOR COMPETENT AUTHORITIES  he pr oc ed u re s to be fo he foll lo we d by Me mb er St at e competent authorities is given in Section B of Part-66. SCO PE (66.B. SCOPE (66.B.1) 1) his h is sec section tion est establi ablishes shes the proce procedure duress inc includi luding ng the administrative requirements to be followed by the competent authorities in charge of the implementation and the enforcement of Section A of this Annex (Part-66). BASIC KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS

Knowledge levels for Category A, B1, B2, B3 and C Air A ircr craf af t Ma Maint inten enan ance ce Lic Licen ense se Ba Basic sic k now nowle ledg dgee for categories A, B1, B2 and B3 are indicated by knowledge levels (1, 2 or 3) 3) against agai nst each applicable subject. Category C applicants shall meet either the category B1 or the category B2 basic knowledge levels. Te knowledge level indicators are defined on 3 levels as follows: LEVEL 1: A famil familiarisation iarisation with the principal principa l elements of the subject. Objectives: a. he applicant applicant should should be be familiar with the basic basic elements of the subject. b. he applicant should be able to give a simple description of the whole subject, using common words and examples. c. Te applicant should be able to use ty typical pical terms.

LEVEL 2: A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject and an ability to apply that knowledge. Objectives: a. he applicant applicant should be able able to to understand understand the theoretical fundamentals of the subject. b. he applicant should should be able able to give a general general description of the subject using, as appropriate, typical examples. c. he applicant should should be able to use mathematical formulae in conjunction conjunction with physical laws describing the subject. d. Te applicant applicant should be able to read and understand sketches, drawings and schematics describing the subject. e. Te applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures. LEVEL 3: A detailed knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects as pects of the subject and a capacity to combine combine and apply the separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive manner. Objectives: a. Te applicant should know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects. b. he applicant should should be able to to give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals and specific examples. c. Te applicant should understand and be able able to use mathematical formulae related to the subject.

Figure 2-3. Part-66C Appendix IV table showing experience requirements for license extensions. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

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Eng. M. Rasool d. Te applicant applicant should be able able to read, understand and prepare sketches, simple drawings and schematics describing the subject. e. Te applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer's instructions. f. he applicant applicant should be able to interpret results from various sources and measurements and apply corrective action where appropriate.

7. he applicable conversion report used for conversion; 8. Te applicable credit report used for crediting. c. Records referred referred to in points 1 to 5 of point (b) (b) shall be kept at least 5 years after the end of the license validity. valid ity. d. Records referred to in points 6, 7 and 8 of of point (b) shall be kept for an unlimited period.

COMPETENT AUTHORIT AUTHORITY Y (66.B.10) (66.B.10) a. General • Te Member State shal shalll designate a competent authority authori ty with allocated a llocated responsibilities responsibilities for the issuance, continuation, change, suspension or revocation of aircraft maintenance licenses. • his competent authority shal l establish an adequate organizational structure to ensure compliance with th is Annex (Part-66) (Part-66).. 17.12.2014 L 362/91 Official Journal of the European Union EN b. Resources • Te compet competent ent authority shall be approp appropriately riately staffed to ensure the implementation of the requirements of this Annex (Part-66). c. Procedures • he competent authorit y shal l establi sh documented procedures detailing how compliance with this Annex (Part-66) (Part-66) is accom accomplished. plished. Tese procedures shall be reviewed and amended to ensure continued compliance.

MUTUAL EXCHANGE OF INFORMA INFORM ATION (66.B (66.B.25) .25) a. In order to implement implement the requirement of this Regulation, the competent authorities shall participate in a mutual exchange of information in accordance with Article 15 of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008. b. Without prejudice to the competencies of the Member States, in the case of a potential safety threat involving several Member States, the concerned competent authorities shall assist each other in carrying out the necessary oversight action.

RECORD-KEEPING (66.B.20) a. Te competent authority shall establish a system of record-keeping record -keeping that allows al lows adequate traceability of the process to issue, revalidate, change, suspend or revoke each aircraft maintenance license. b. Tese records shal shalll include for each license: 1. he application application for an aircraft maintenance maintenance license or change to that license, including all supporting documentation; 2. A copy copy of of the aircra ft maintenance license including any changes; 3. Copies of al alll relevant correspondence; 4. Detai Details ls of any exemption and enforcement actions; 5. Any report from other competent authorities relating to the aircraft maintenance license holder; 6. he records records of examinations conducted conducted by the competent authority; 2.12

EXEMPTIONS (66.B.30) Alll exemptions granted Al gra nted in accordance with w ith Article A rticle 14.4 of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 shall be recorded and retained by the competent authority. PROCEDURE FOR THE ISSUE OF AN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENSE BY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY (66.B.100) a. On receipt receipt of EASA Form Form 19 19 and any supporting supporting documentation, the competent authority shall verify EASA Form 19 for completeness and ensure that the experience claimed meets the requirement of this Annex (Part-66) (Part-66).. b. he competent authority shall verif verifyy an applicant's examination status and/or confirm the validity of any credits to ensure that all required modules of Appendix I have been met as required by this Annex (Part- 66). c. When having verified the identi identity ty and date of birth of the applicant and being satisfied that the applicant meets the standards of knowledge and experience required by this Annex (Part-66), the competent authority authori ty shall sha ll issue the relevant aircraft maintenance license to the applicant. Te same information shall be kept on competent authority records. d. In the case where aircra ft types or groups are endorsed at the time of the issuance of the first Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool aircraft maintenance license, the competent authority shall verify compliance with point 66.B.115. PROCEDURE FOR THE ISSUE OF AN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENSE VIA A MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION APPROVED IN ACCORDANCE ACCORD ANCE WITH ANNEX (PART-145) (66.B.105) a. A maintenance organizat organization ion approved in accordance wit w ith h A nn nnex ex II (P (Paa r t-145 t-145), ), wh when en au autt ho horr iz ed to carry out this activity by the competent authority, may (i) prepare the aircraft maintenance license on behalf of the competent authority or (ii) make recommendations to the competent authority regarding the application from an individual for a aircraft maintenance license so that the competent authority may prepare and issue such license. b. Maintenance organ organizations izations referred to in point (a (a)) shal shalll ensure compliance with points 66.B.100 (a) and (b). c. In all cases, the aircraft maintenance maintenance license can only be issued to the applicant by the competent authority. PROCEDURE FOR THE CHANGE OF AN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENSE TO INCLUDE AN ADDITIONAL BASIC CA CATEGORY OR SUBCATEGORY (66.B. (66.B.110) 110) a. At the completion completion of the procedures specif ied in points 66.B.100 or 66.B.105, the competent authority shall endorse the additional basic category or subcategory on the aircraft maintenance license by stamp and signature or reissue the license. b. he competent authorit y record system shall be changed accordingly. PROCEDURE FOR THE CHANGE OF AN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENSE TO INCLUDE AN AIRCRAFT RATING OR TO TO REMOVE LIMITATIONS (66.B.115) a. On receipt of a satisfactory EASA Form 19 and any supporting documen documentation tation demonstrating compliance with the requir requireme ements nts of the appli applicabl cablee rating rating tog together ether with the accompanying accompanying aircraft mainte maintenance nance license, license, the competent authority authority shall either: 1. Endorse the applicant's aircra ft maintenance license with the applicable aircraft rating; or Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

2. Reissue the said license to include the applicable aircraft rating; or 3. Remove the applicable limitations in accordance with wit h point 66. 66.A.5 A.50. 0. Te compe competent tent auth authorit orit y record system shall be changed accordingly. In the case where the complete complete ty type pe training is not conducted by maintenance training organization appropriately approved in accordance with Annex IV (Part-147), the competent authority shall be satisfied that all type training requirements requirements are complied with before befo re the type t ype rating is issued. In the case where the On the Job raining is not required, the aircraft type rating shall be endorsed based on a Certificate of Recognition issued by a maintenance training organization approved in accordance with Annex IV (part-147). In the case where where the the aircraft type training is not covered by a single course, the competent authority shall be satisfied prior to the type ty pe rating endorsement endorsement that the content content and length of the t he courses fully satisfy the scope of the license category and that the interface areas have been appropriately addressed. In the case of differences training, the competent authority shall be satisfied that (i) the applicant's previous qualification, supplemented by (ii) either a course approved in accordance with Annex IV (Part147) or a course directly approved by the competent authority, are acceptable for type rating endorsement. Compliance with the practical elements elements shall be demonstrated (i) by the provision of detailed practical training train ing records or a logbook provided by a maintenance organization appropriately approved in accordance with Annex II (Part-145) or, where available, (ii) by a training certificate covering the practical training tra ining element issued by a maintenance training organization appropriately approved in accordance with Annex IV (part-147). Aircraft type endorsem endorsement ent shall use the aircraft type ratings specified by the Agency.

PROCEDURE FOR THE RENEWAL OF AN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENSE VALIDITY (66.B.120) a. Te competent authority shall compare the holder' holder'ss aircraft maintenance license with the competent authority records and verify any pending revocation, suspension or change action pursuant to point 66.B.500. If the documents are identical and no action is pending pursuant to point 66.B.500, the 2.13


Eng. M. Rasool holder's copy copy shall shal l be renewed for 5 years and the file endorsed accordingly. b. If the compete competent nt authority records are different different from from the aircraft maintenance license held by the license holder: 1. Te competen competentt authority shall investigate the reasons for such differences and may choose not to renew the aircraft maintenance license. 2. he competent authorit y shal l inform the license holder and any k nown maintenance organization approved in accordance with Annex I (Part-M) Subpart-F or or Annex II (Part145) that may be directly affected of such fact. 3. Te competen competentt authority authority shall, shall, if necessary, take action in accordance with point 66.B.500 to revoke, suspend or change the license in question. PROCEDURE FOR THE CONVERSION OF LICENSES INCLUDING GROUP RATINGS (66.B.125) a. Individ Individual ual aircraft type ratings already endo endorsed rsed on the aircraft maintenance license referred to in point 4 of Article 5 shall remain on the license and shall not be converted to new ratings unless the license holder fully meets the requirements requi rements for endorsement endorsement defined in point 66.A.45 of this Annex (Part-66) ( Part-66) for the corresponding group/sub-group ratings. b. he conversion shal l be performed in accordance with the following followi ng conversion table: 1. For category B1 or C: • Helicopter piston engine, ful l group: converted to ‘full sub-group 2c’ plus the aircraft type ratings for those single piston engine helicopters which are in group 1, • Helicopter piston engine, manufact manufacturer urer group: converted conve rted to the corresponding ‘manufacturer sub- group 2c’ plus plus the aircraft aircraf t type ty pe ratings for those single piston engine helicopters of that manufacturer which are in group 1, • Helicopter turbine engine, ful l group: converted to ‘full sub-group 2b’ plus the aircraft type ratings for those single turbine engine helicopters which are in group 1, • Helicopter turbine engine, manufact urer group: converted to t he corresponding ‘manufacturer sub- group 2b’ plus the aircraft type ratings for those single turbine engine helicopters of that manufacturer which are in group 1, 1, 2.14

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Aeropla ne single piston engine — metal Aeroplane structure, either full group or manufacturer group: converted to ‘full group 3’. For the B1 license the following limitations shall be included: composite structure aeroplanes, wood wo oden en st r uc uctt ur e ae aero ropl plan anes es a nd me meta ta l tubing and fabric aeroplanes, Aeroplane multiple piston engines — metal structure, either full group or manufacturer group: converted to ‘full group 3’. For the B1 license the following limitations shall be included: composite structure aeroplanes, wood wo oden en st r uc uctt ur e ae aero ropl plan anes es a nd me meta ta l tubing and fabric aeroplanes, Aeroplane Aeropla ne single piston engine — wooden structure, either full group or manufacturer group: converted to ‘full group 3’. For the B1 license the following limitations shall be included: metal structure aeroplanes, composite structure aeroplanes and metal tubing and fabric aeroplanes, Aeroplane multiple piston engine — wooden structure, either full group or manufacturer group: converted to ‘full group 3’. For the B1 license the following limitations shall be included: metal structure aeroplanes, composite structure aeroplanes and metal tubing and fabric aeroplanes, Aeroplane single piston engine — composite structure, either full group or manufacturer group: converted to ‘full group 3’. For the B1 license the following limitations shall be included: metal structure aeroplanes, wood wo oden en st r uc uctt ur e ae aero ropl plan anes es a nd me meta ta l tubing and fabric aeroplanes, Aeropla ne multiple piston engine — composite structure, either full group or manufacturer group: converted to ‘fu ll group 3’. For the B1 license the following limitations shall be included: metal structure struct ure aeroplanes, wooden structure aeroplanes and metal tubing and fabric aeroplanes, Aeroplane turbine — single engine, ful l group: converted to ‘full sub-group 2a’ plus the aircraft type ratings for those single turboprop aeroplanes which did not require an aircraft type rating in the previous system and are in group 1, Aeroplane turbine — single engine, Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool manufacturer group: converted to the corresponding ‘manufacturer sub-group 2a’ plus the aircraft type ratings for those single turboprop aeroplanes of that manufacturer which did not require require an aircraft type t ype rating in the previous system and are in group 1, • Aeroplane turbine — multiple engine, full group: converted to the aircraft type ratings for those multiple turboprop aeroplanes which did not require require an aircraft type t ype rating in the previous system; 2. For category B2: • Aeroplane: converted to ‘fu ll sub-group 2a’ and ‘full group 3’, plus the aircraft type ratings for those aeroplanes which did not require an aircraft type ty pe rating in the previous system and are in group 1, • Helicopter: converted to ‘fu ll sub-groups 2b and 2c’, plus the aircraft type ratings for those helicopters which did not require an aircraft ty pe rating in the previous system and are in group 1; 3. For category C: • Aeroplane: converted to ‘fu ll sub-group 2a’ and ‘full group 3’, plus the aircraft type ratings for those aeroplanes which did not

require an aircraft type ty pe rating in the previous system and are in group 1; • Helicopter: converted to ‘fu ll sub-groups 2b and 2c’, plus the aircraft type ratings for those helicopters which did not require an aircraft type rating in the previous system and are in group 1. c. If the license was subject to limitations following following the conversion process referred to in point 66.A.70, these limitations limitatio ns shall remain on the license, unless they are removed under the conditions defined in the relevant conversion report referred to in point 66.B.300. PROCEDURE FOR THE DIRECT APPROV APPRO VAL OF AIRCRAFT TYPE TRAINING (66.B.130) Te com compe pete tent nt aut hor it y may ap appro prove ve ai rc rcra ra ft t y pe training not conducted by a maintenance training organization approved in accordance with Annex IV (Part-147), pursuant to point one of Appendix III to this Annex (part-66). In such case the competent authority shall have a procedure to ensure the ai rcraft type training complies with Appendix III of this Annex An nex (Pa (Part-6 rt-66). 6).

INFORMATION INFORMA TION IN PART PART-66 -66 APPENDICES A fe few w ot othe herr ar area eass of con concer cer n to th thee EA EASA SA ai rc rcra raft ft maintenance professional are located in the Part66 Appendices. Basic examination standards are listed in Appendix II. Tis includes the number of questions per each module examination and the time allotted to take each exam. Appendix III defines the aircraft type training requirements and the associated examination standards.


Ap pend Appe ndii x IV sp spec ecif if ie iess ex pe peri rienc encee re requ quir ireme ements nts for Part-66 license extensions. Fig Figure ure 22-33 is taken from Appendixx IV. It shows the exper Appendi experience ience requirements requi rements for adding a new category or subcategory to an existing Part-66 license. he experience shall be practical maintenance maintenan ce experience on operating aircraf t in t he subcategory relevant to the application. Note that the experience requirement will be reduced by 50 % if the applicant has completed an approved Part-147 course relevant to the subcategory.

2.15


Eng. M. Rasool

2.16



Question: 2-1

Question: 2-5

Te implementation of of EASA Part-66 regulations reg ulations (Annex III of the EC 1321/2014) is directly linked to EASA Part ______ requirements.

Practical experience requirements requirements are ____________ for those that complete a a basic training course approved in accordance with Part-147.

Question: 2-2

Question: 2-6

Te license categories A1 and B1.1 permit the holder to issue certificates for release to service which kind of aircraft?

Personnel exercising certification privileges as well as support staff shall produce their license, as evidence of qualification, within _______ hours upon request by an authorized person.

Question: 2-3

Question: 2-7

Te holder of an aircraft aircraf t maintenance license may not exercise its privileges unless,in the preceding 2-year period, he/she has had _______ months of maintenance experience in accordance with the privileges granted by the aircraft maintenance license.

Section B of Part 66 deals with procedure for __________________ __________________.

Question: 2-4 Instruments are formally included within the privileges of the B2 license holders. However, maintenance on electromechanical and pitotstatic components may also be released by a _______ license holder.


2.17



Answer: 2-1

Answer: 2-5

145.

lower.

Answer: 2-2

Answer: 2-6

Airplanes Air planes turbine. tu rbine.

24.

Answer: 2-3

Answer: 2-7

6.

competent authorities.

Answer: 2-4 B1.

2.18


Eng. M. Rasool


¦

LEVELS A B1 B2

Sub-Module 03 APPROVED APPRO VED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS ORGANIZATIONS


10.3 - Approved Maintenance Organizations

2

2

2

Detailed understanding of Part-145 and Part-M Subpart-F.

Level 2 A general knowledge k nowledge of t he theoretic al and prac tical aspects a spects of t he subject and an ability to apply that k nowledge. Objectives:

(a)) (a



3.1

E C N A S N E N T O I N I T A A Z I M N A D E G V R O O R P P A

Eng. M. Rasool INTRODUCTION An aircra aircraft ft can be used for commercial transport t ransport when operated by an approved Air Operations operator whose maintenance is performed by an approved Part 145 organization and certificates cer tificates of release to ser vice (CRS’s) (CRS’s) are issued by approved Part-66 certifying staff. Airlines or air transport operators, are approved to operate a fleet of aircraft. Te maintenance on the fleet is performed either in-house or by an external organization.

PART 145 h e Eu ro rope pe a n Re g u la t io ions ns in Pa r t 145 re la te ted d to maintenance organizations highlight the following main features: 1. Tere is a clear distinction distinction between the responsib responsibilities ilities of a maintenance organization (Part 145) and an operator (Air Operations). 2. A maintenance maintenance organization must create and file with EASA a Maintenance Maintenance Organization Exposition (M.O.E) that contains information specifying the scope of work performed and that shows how the organization intends to comply with this Part. 3. he crucial role of quality assurance to to guarantee, with wi th re resp spec ectt to th thee Aut hor it y, con for mit y w it ith h EASA requirements in accordance with the M.O.E. 4. Te importa importance nce of the CRS CRS (Certificate of Release to Service) which is a transfer of the aircraft ai rcraft from the maintenance organization to the operators.

PART 145 – MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION REQUIREMENTS he EA EASA SA Par Partt 145 Reg R egula ulation tion est establi ablishes shes common technical requirements and administrative procedures for ensuring the continuing airworthiness of aircraft, aircraf t, including any component for installation thereto, which are: • Registered in a Member State; or • Registered in a third country country and used by an operator for which a Member State ensures oversight of operations. GENERAL (145.1) For the purpose of this Part, the competent authority shall be: 1. For organizat organizations ions having their principal place of business in a Member State, the authority designated desig nated 3.2

by that Member State, or; 2. For organizat organizations ions having their principal place of business located in a third country, the Agency DEFINITIONS (145.A.5) Within the scope of the basic Regulation, the following definitionss shall definition shal l apply: • Aero Aeroplane plane/Airpl /Airplane: ane: an engine-driven fixed-wing aircraft heavier than air ai r that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings. • Aircraft: any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than reactions of of the air against aga inst the earth’s earth ’s surface. surface. • Airf Airframe: rame: the fuselage, booms, nacelles, cowlings, fairings, airfoil sur faces (including rotors but excluding propellers and rotating airfoils of engines), and landing gear of an aircraft and their accessories and controls. • Certifying staff: personnel responsible for the release of an aircraft or a component after maintenance. • Component: any engine, propeller, part or appliance. • Continuing airworthiness: all of the processes ensuring that, at any time in its operating life, the aircraft complies with the air worthiness requirements requirements in force and is in a condition for safe operation. • Helicop horizonta l motion, Helicopter: ter: a rotorcraft that, for its horizontal depends principally on its engine-driven rotors. • EAS Aviation Safety Agency” EASA: A: “European Aviation • Large Aircraft: Aircraft: an aircraft, classified as an aero plane with a maximum maximum takeoff mass mass of more than 5700 5700 kg, or a multi-engine helicopter. • Maintenance Maintenance:: any one or combination of overhaul, repair, inspection, replacement, modif ication or defect rectification of an aircraft or component, with the exception of pre-flight inspection. • Organization: a natural person, a legal person or part of a legal person. Such an organization may be established at more than one location whether or not within the territory territory of the Member Member States. States. • Pre Pre-f -f ligh lightt in inspe spect ction ion:: the inspection carried out before flight to ensure that the aircraft is fit for the intended flight. • Prope Propeller: ller: a complete propeller including all parts attached to and rotating with the hub and blades, and all equipment required for the control and operation of the propeller.


Eng. M. Rasool SCOPE (145.A.10) Tis section establishes establishes the requirements requirements to be be met by an organization to qualify for the issue or continuation of an approval for the maintenance of aircraft and components. APPLICATION (145.A. APPLICA (145.A.15 15)) An appl applicati ication on for the issu issuee or cha change nge of an approv approval al shall be made to the competent authority in a form and manner established by such authority. TERMS OF APPROVAL (145.A.20) he  he or ga n iz at io ion n sh a l l sp ec i f y t he sc op e of wo work rk deemed to constitute approval in its exposition (Appendix IV to Annex I (Part-M) contains a table of all classes and ratings). FACILITY REQUIREMENTS (145.A.25) Te organization organization shall ensure that: a. Facilities are provided appropriate for all planned work,, ensu work ensurin ringg in pa part rticu icula lar, r, prote protect ction ion from the weather wea ther eleme elements. nts. Speci Specialised alised works workshops hops and bays bays are segregated as appropriate, to ensure that t hat environmental environmental and work area contamination is unlikely to occur. 1. For base maintenance of of aircra ft, aircraft hangars are both available and large enough to accommodate aircraft on planned base maintenance; 2. For component mainte nance , component workshops worksh ops are large enough enough to accomm accommodate odate the components on planned maintenance. b. Off ice accommodat ion is provided for the management of the planned work referred to in point (a), (a ), and certifying staff so that t hat they can carry carr y out their designated tasks in a manner that contributes to good aircraft mainten maintenance ance standards. c. Te working environm environment ent including aircraft hangars, component workshops and office accommodation is appropriate for the task carried out and in particular special requirements observed. Unless otherw ise dictated by the particular task environment, the wo r k i n g en v i r on me nt mu s t b e s uc h t h at t h e effectiveness of personnel is not impaired: 1. emperatu res must be mainta maintained ined such that personnel can carry out required tasks without undue discomfort. 2. Dust and any other airborne contamination contamination are kept to a minimum and not be permitted to reach a level in the work task area where visible aircraft/ component surface contamination is evident. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Where dust/other dust/other airborne airborne contaminati contamination on results results in visible surface contamination, all susceptible systems are sealed until acceptable conditions are re-established. 3. Lighting is such such as to ensure each inspection and maintenance task can be carried out in an effective manner. 4. Noise shall not not distract distract personnel personnel from carry carrying ing out inspection tasks. Where it is impractical to control the noise source, such personnel are provided with the necessary personal equipm equipment ent to stop excessive noise causing distraction during inspection tasks. 17.12.2014 L 362/66 Official Journal of the European European Union Union EN 5. Where a particular maintenance maintenance task requires the application of specific environmental conditions different to the foregoing, then such conditions are observed. Specific conditions are identified in the maintenance data. 6. Te working environment environment for line maintenance is such that the particular pa rticular maintenance or inspection task can be carried out without undue distraction. he  here refo fore re wh wher eree th e wo work rk in g en envv i ro ronm nmen entt deteriorates to an unacceptable level in respect of temperature, moisture, hail, ice, snow, wind, light, dust/ other airborne contamination, the particular maintenance or inspection tasks must be suspended until satisfactory conditions are reestablished. d. Secure storage facilitie facilitiess are provided for components, equipment, tools and material. Storage conditions ensure segregation of serviceable components and material from unserviceable aircraft components, material, equipment and tools. he conditions of storage are in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to prevent deterioration and damage of stored items. Access to storage facilities is restricted to authorized personnel. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS (145.A.30) Part 145 specifies the role of a few key positions in the maintenance organization management hierarchy. A chart illustrating these positions is given in Figure 3-1. a. he organization organization shall appoint an accountable accountable manager who has corporate authority for ensuring that all maintenance required by the customer can be financed and carried out to the standard required by this Part. Te accoun accountable table manager shall: 3.3


Eng. M. Rasool Accoun table Manage r

Quality Manager

Maintenance Director

B1, B2 & C Certifying Staff

Airc raft Mech anic s & Avionics

P l a nn er

S up po rt S taf f

Figure 3-1. Management structure required for Part 145 maintenance operations.

1. Ensure that all necessary resources are available to accomplish maintenance in accordance with point 145.A.65(b) to support the organization approval. 2. Establish and promot promotee the safety and quality policy specified in point 145.A.65(a). 3. Demonstrate a basic understanding of this Annex (Part(Part-145). b. Te organiz organization ation shal shalll nominate a person or group of persons, whose responsibilities include ensuring that the organization complies with this Part. Such person(s) shall ultimately be responsible to the accountable manager. 1. Te person or persons nominated shal shalll represent the maintenance management structure of the organization and be responsible for all functions specified in this Part. 2. he person or persons nominated shal l be identified and their credentials submitted in a form and manner established by the competent authority. 3. Te person or persons persons nominated nominated shall be able able to demonstrate relevant knowledge, background and satisfactory experience related to aircraft or component maintenance and demonstrate a working knowledge knowledge of this Part. Part. 4. Procedures shall make clear who deputises for any particular person in the case of lengthy absence of the said person. c. Te accountable manager under point (a (a)) shal shalll appoint a person with responsibility responsibilit y for monitoring the quality system, including the associated feedback system as required by point 145.A.65(c). Te appointed person shall have direct d irect access to the accountable manager manager to ensure that the accountable manager is kept properly informed on quality and compliance matters. 3.4

d. Te organiz organization ation shal shalll have a maintenance man-hour plan showing that the organization has sufficient staff to plan, perform, supervise, inspect and quality monitor the organization in accordance with the approval. In addition the organization shall have a procedure to reassess work intended to be carried out when actual staff availability is less than the planned staffing level for any particular particula r work shift or period. e. he organiz organization ation shal l establish and control the competence of personnel involved in any maintenance, management and/or quality audits in accordance with a procedure and to a standard agreed ag reed by the competent authority. In addition to the necessary expertise related to the job function, competence must include an understanding of the application of human factors and human performance issues appropriate to that person's function in the organization. ‘Human factors’ means principles which apply to aeronautical design, certification, training, operations and maintenance and which seek safe interface between the human and other system components by proper consideration of human performance. ‘Human performance’ means human capabilities and limitations which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations. 17.12.2014 L 362/67 Official Journal of the European Union EN f. he organizat organization ion shall ensure that personnel who carry out and/or control a continued airworthiness non-destructive test of aircraft structures and/ or components components are appropria appropriately tely qualif ied for the particular non-destructive test in accordance with the European or equivalent Standard recognised by the Agency.. Perso Agency Personnel nnel who carry out out any any other other speci specialised alised task shall be appropriately appropriately qualified in accordan accordance ce with officially recognised Standards. By derogation to this Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool point those personnel specified in points (g) and (h)(1) and (h)(2), (h)(2), qualified quali fied in category B1 or B3 in accordance with Annex III (Part (Part-66) -66) may carry out out and/ and/or or con control trol colour contrast dye penetrant tests. g. Any organization maintaining aircraft, except except where stated otherwise in point (j), shall in the case of aircraft line maintenance, have appropriate appropriate aircraft rated certifying staff qualified as category B1, B2, B3, as appropriate, in accordance with Annex III (Part66) and point 145 145.A. .A.35. 35. In addition such organizations may also use appropriately approp riately task trained certif ying staff holding the privileges described in points 66.A.20(a)(1) and 66.A.20(a)(3)(ii) and qualified in accordance with Annex III (Part-66) and point point 145.A.35 145.A.35 to carry out minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification. Te availability of such certifying staff shall not replace the need for category B1, B2, B3 certifying staff, as appropriate. h. Any organization maintaining aircraft, except except where stated otherwise in point (j) shall: 1. In the case of base maintenance of large aircraft, have appropriate appropriate aircraft type t ype rated certifying certif ying staff qualified as category C in accordan accordance ce with Part-66 and point 145.A.35. In addition the organization shall have sufficient aircraft type rated staff qualified as category B1, B2 as appropriate in accordance with Part-66 and point 145.A.35 to support the category category C certifying certi fying staff. i. B1 and B2 support staff shall shall ensure that all relevant tasks or inspections have been carried out to the required standard before the category C certifying staff issues the certificate of release to service. ii. Te organization organization shall maintain a register register of any such B1 and B2 support staff. iii. Te category category C certify certifying ing staff shall shall ensure that compliance with point (i) has been met and that all work required by the customer has been accomplished accomplished during the particular base maintenance check or work package, and shall also assess the impact of any work not carried out with a view to either requiring its accomplishment or agreeing with the operator to defer such work to another specified check or time limit. 2. In the case of of base mainten maintenance ance of of aircraft other other than large aircraft aircraf t have either: Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

i.

i. j.

Appropriate airc raft rated cert if ying staff qualified as category B1, B2, B3, as appropriate, in accordance with Annex III (Part-66) and point 145.A.35; or ii. Appropriate aircraft rated certify ing staff qualified in category C assisted by support staff as specified in point 145.A.35(a)(i). Component Compo nent certifying staff shall comp comply ly with Annex III (Part-66). By deroga derogation tion to points (g) and (h), in relat relation ion to the obligation to comply with Annex III (Part-66), the organization may use certifying staff qualified in accordance with the following provisions: 1. For organi organization zation facil ities located outside the Community Commu nity territory certif ying staff may be qualified in accord accordance ance with the nation national al aviation regulations of the State in which the organization facility is registered subject to the conditions specified in Appendix IV to this Part. 2. For line maintenance carr carried ied out at a line station of an organization which is located outside the Community Communi ty territory, the certifying certify ing staff may be qualified in accord accordance ance with the nation national al aviation regulations of the State in which the line station is based, subject to the conditions specified in Appendix IV to this Part. 17.12.2014 17.12.2014 L 362/68 Official Journal of the European Union EN 3. For a repetitive repetitive pre-flig pre-flight ht airworthiness directive which wh ich sp speci eci f ica llllyy sta states tes th that at th thee f li light ght cre w may carry out such air worthiness directive, the organization may issue a limited certification authorization authoriza tion to the aircraft command commander er and/ or the flight engineer on the basis of the flight crew license held. However, the organization shall ensure that sufficient practical training has been carried out to ensure that such aircraft commander or flight engineer can accomplish the airworthiness directive di rective to the required standard. 4. In the case of airc raft operating away from a supported location the organization may issue a limited certification authorization to the commander and/or the flight engineer on the basis of the flight crew license held subject to being satisfied that sufficient practical training has been carried out to ensure that the commander or flight engineer can accomplish the specified task to the required standard. Te provisions of this point shall be detailed in an exposition procedure. 3.5


Eng. M. Rasool 5. In the following unforeseen cases, where an aircraft is grounded at a location other than the main base where no appropriate certifying staff are available, the organization contracted to provide maintenance support may issue a one-off certification authorization: i. to one of its employees holding equivalent type authorizations on aircraft of similar technology, construction and systems; or ii. to any person with not less than five years maintenance experience and holding a valid ICAO aircraft maintenance license rated for the aircraft type requiring certification provided there is no organization appropriately approved under this Part at that location and the contracted organization obtains and holds on file evidence of the experience and the license of that person. All such cases as specified in this point shall be reported to the competent authority within seven days of the issuance of such certification authorization. he organization issuing the one-off authorization shall ensure that any such maintenance that could affect flight safety is re-checked by an appropriately approved organization. CERTIFYING STAFF AND CATEGORY B1 AND B2 SUPPORT STAFF (145.A.35) a. In addition to the appropriate requirements of points 145.A.30(g) and (h), the organization (Figure 3-2) shall ensure that certifying certify ing staff and support staff have an adequate understanding of the relevant aircraft and/or components to be maintained together with the associated organization procedures. In the case of certifying staff, this shall be accomplished before the issue or re-issue of the certification authorization. i. ‘Support staff ’ means those staff holding an aircraft maintenance license under Annex III (Part-66) in category B1, B2 and/or B3 with the appropriate aircraft ratings, working in a base maintenance environment while not necessarily holding certification privileges. ii. ‘Relev ‘Relevant ant airc aircraf raftt and and/or /or components’, means those aircraft or components specified in the particular certification authorization. authorization. iii. Certification authorization’ means the authorization issued to certifying staff by the organization and which specifies the fact that 3.6

Evaluation of Competencies

Type Qualified

Recent Experience

21 Years Old

Part-66 License Holder

CRS Authorization

Continuous Training

MOE Training Approval Rating

Figure 3-2. Quality system responsibilities.

they may sign certificates of release to service within the limitatio limitations ns stated in such autho authorization rization on behalf of the approved organization b. Excepting those cases listed in points 145 145.A.3 .A.30( 0(j) j) and 66.A.20(a)3(ii) the organization may only issue a certification authorization to certifying staff in relation to the basic categories or subcategories and any type rating listed on the aircraft maintenance license as required by Annex III (Part-66), subject to the license remaining valid throughout the validity period of the authorization and the certify certifying ing staff remaining in compliance with Annex III (Part-66). c. he organizatio organization n shall ensure ensure that all certifying staff and support staff are involved in at least six months mon ths of act ual relevant a ircraft or component component maintenance experience in any consecutive two year period. For the purpose of this point ‘involved in actual relevant aircraft or component component maintenance’ maintenance’ means that the person has worked in an aircraft or component maintenance environment and has either exercised the privileges of the certification authorization and/or has actually carried out maintenance on at least some of the aircraft type or aircraft group systems specified in the particular certification authorization. 17.12.2014 L 362/69 Official Journal of the European Union EN d. Te organization shall ensure that all certify ing staff and support staff receive sufficient continuation training in each two year period to ensure that such staff have up to date knowledge of relevant technology, organization procedures and human factor issues. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool e. he organiz organization ation shal shalll establish a programme for continuation contin uation training for certifying staff and support staff, including a procedure to ensure compliance with the relevant points of 145.A.35 145.A.35 as a s the basis for issuing certification authorizations under this Part to certifying staff, and a proced procedure ure to ensure compliance with Annex III (Part-66) (Part-66).. f. Except where any of the unforeseen unforeseen cases of point 145.A.30(j)(5) apply, the organization shall assess all prospective certifying staff for their competence, qualification and capability to carry carr y out their intended certifying duties in accordance accordance with a procedur proceduree as specified in the exposition prior to the issue or reissue of a certification authorization under this Part. g. When the conditions of points (a (a), ), (b), (b), (d), (d), (f) and, wheree appl wher applicabl icable, e, poi point nt (c) have ha ve been fu fulf lf il illed led by the certifying staff, the organization shall issue a certification authorization that clearly specifies the scope and limits of such authorization. Continued validity of the certification certification authoriza authorization tion is depende dependent nt upon continued compliance with points (a), (b), (d), and where applicable, (c). h. he certification authorizatio authorization n must must be in a style that makes its scope clear to the certifying staff and any authorized person who may require to examine the authorization. Where codes are used to define scope, the organization shall make a code translation readily avai lable. ‘Authorized ‘Authorized person’ means the officials of the competent authorities, the Agency and the Member State who has responsibility for the oversight of the maintained aircraft or component. i. he person responsible for the qualit y system shall also remain responsible on behalf of the organization for issuing certification authorizations to certifying staff. Such person may nominate other persons to actually issue or revoke the certification authorizations in accordance with a procedure as specified in the expositio e xposition. n. j. h hee org an iz izat ation ion sh shal al l ma maint intaa in a re recor cord d of a ll certifying staff sta ff and support staff, which shall contain: 1. Te details of any aircraft maintenance license held under Annex III (Part-66); and 2. All relevant relevant training comp completed; leted; and 3. he scope of the certi certification fication authorizations authorizations issued, where relevant; and 4. Particula rs of of staff with limited or one-off certification authorizations. he organization shall retain the record for at least three years after the staff referred to in this point have Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

k.

l.

m. n.

o.

ceased employment with the organization or as soon as the authorizati authorization on has been withdrawn. w ithdrawn. In addition, upon request, the maintenance organization shall furnish the staff referred to in this point with a copy of their personal record on leaving the organization. Te staff referred to in this point shall be given access on request to their personal records as detailed above. Te organizatio organization n shall shall provide provide certifying staff with a copy of their certification authorization in either a documented or electronic format. Certif ying staff shall produce their certification authorization to any authorized person within 24 hours. he minimum age for certify certifying ing staff and support staff is 21 years. he holder holder of a category category A aircra ft maintenance license may only exercise certification privileges on a specific aircraft type follo following wing the satisfactory satisfactory completion of the relevant category A aircraft task training carried out by an organization appropriately approved in accordance with Annex II (Part-145) or Annex IV (Part-147). Tis training shall include practical hands on training and theoretical training as appropriate for each task authorized. Satisfactory completion of training shall be demonstrated by an examination or by workplace assessment carried out by the organization. 17.12.2014 L 362/70 Official Journal of the European Unio Union n EN he holder holder of a category B2 aircr aircraft aft maintenance license may only exercise the certification privileges described in point 66.A.20(a)(3)(ii) of Annex III (Part-66) following the satisfactory completion of (i) the relevant category A aircraft task training and (ii)) 6 months of documented practical ex perience (ii covering the scope of the authorization that will be issued. Te task training shall shal l include practical hands on training and theoretical training as appropriate for each task authorized. Satisfactory completion of training shall be demonstrated by an examination or by workplace asse ssment. ask ask tra ining and examination/assessmen examination/ assessmentt shall shal l be carried ca rried out by the maintenance organization issuing the certifying staff authorization. Te practical experience shall be also obtained within such maintenance organization.

3.7


Eng. M. Rasool EQUIPMENT, TOOLS AND MATERIAL (145.A.40) a. Te organization shall have available and use the necessary equipment, tools and material to perform the approved scope of work. 1. Where the manufacturer specifies a part particular icular tool or equipment, the organization shall use that tool or equipment, unless the use of alternative tooling or equipment is agreed by the competent authority via procedures specified in the exposition e xposition.. 2. Equipment and tools tools must be permanently available, except in the case of any tool or equipment that is so infrequently used that its permanent availability is not necessary. Such cases shall be detailed in an exposition e xposition procedure. procedure. 3. An organization organization approved approved for base maintenance shall have sufficient aircraft access equipment and inspection platforms/docking such that the aircraft can be properly inspected. inspected. b. he organization shall ensure that all tools, equipment and particularly test equipment, as appropriate, are controlled and calibrated according to an officially recognized standard at a frequency to ensure serviceability and accuracy. Records of such calibrations and traceability to the standard used shall be kept by the organization. ( Figure 3-3 3- 3)

ACCEPTANCE OF COMPONENTS ACCEPTANCE (145.A.42) a. All components components shall be classified and appropria appropriately tely segregated into the following categories: 1. Components which are in a satisfactor satisfactoryy condition, released on an EASA Form 1 or equivalent and marked in accordance with Subpart-Q of Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012. 2. Unserviceable components components which shall be maintained in accordance with this section. 3. Unsalvageable components which are classi classified fied in accordance with point p oint 145.A.42(d). 145.A.42(d). 4. Standard parts used on on an aircraft, engine, propeller or other aircraft component when specified in the manufacturer manufacturer's 's illustrated parts catalogue and/or the maintenance data. 5. Material both raw and consumable used in the course of maintenance when the organization is satisfied that the material meets the required specification and has appropriate traceability. traceability. All A ll material must be accompanied by documentation clearly relating to the particular material and containing a conformity to specification statement plus both the manufacturing and supplier source. 6. Components referred to in point 21A. 21A.307(c 307(c)) of Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012. b. Prior to instal installation lation of a component, the organiz organization ation shall ensure that the particular compo component nent is eligible to be fitted when different modification and/or airworthiness directive standards may be applica applicable. ble. c. Te organization may may fabricate a restricted range of parts to be used in the course of undergoing work wit hi hin n its ow own n fac facil iliti ities es pro provid vided ed pro proced cedure uress ar aree identified in the exposition. d. Compone Components nts which have reached their certified life limit or contain a non-repairable defect shall be classified as unsalvageable and shall not be permitted to re-enter the component supply system unless certified life limits have been extended or a repair solution has been approved according to Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012. e. Components referred to in point 21A.307(c) of Annex I (Part-21) (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 748/2012 shall only be installed if considered eligible for installation by the aircraft owner in its own aircraft.

Figure 3-3. The necessary equipment and tools must be permanently available.

3.8


Eng. M. Rasool MAINTENANCE DATA (145.A.45) a. Te organiz organization ation shal shalll hold and use applicable current maintenance data in the performance of maintenance, including modifications and repairs. ‘Applicable’ means relevant to any aircraft, component or process specified in the organization's organization's approval class rating schedule and in any associated capability list. In the case of maintenance data provided by an operator or customer, the organization shall hold such data when the work is in progress, with the exception of the need to comply with point 145.A.55(c). b. For the purp purposes oses of this Part Part,, applicable maintenance data shall be any of the following: 1. Any applic able requi rement, procedu re, operational directive or information issued by the authority responsible for the oversight of the aircraft or component; 2. Any applicab applicable le airworth airworthiness iness directive issued by the authority responsible for the oversight of the aircraft or component; 3. Instr uctions for continuing air worth iness, issued by type certificate holders, supplementary type certificate holders, any other organization required to publish such data by Annex I (Part21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 and in the case of aircraft or components from third countries the air worthiness data mandated by the authority responsible for the oversight of the aircraft or component; 4. Any applicable standard, such as but not limited to, maintenance standard practices recognised by the Agency as a good standard for maintenance; 5. Any applicable applicable data issued in accordance with point (d). c. Te organizat organization ion shal shalll establish procedures to ensure that if found, any inaccurate, incomplete or ambiguous procedure, practice, information or maintenance instruction contained in the maintenance data used by maintenance personnel is recorded and notified to the author of the maintenance data. d. he organiz organization ation may only modif modifyy maintenance instructions in accordance with a procedure specified in t he maintenance organiz ation ation's 's exposition. With Wit h res respec pectt to th those ose ch chan anges ges,, the org organ aniz izati ation on shall demonstrate that they result in equivalent or improved maintenance standards and shall inform the type-certificate hold holder er of such changes. Mainten Ma intenance ance instructions for the purposes of this point means instructions on how to carry out the particular Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

maintenance task: they exclude the engineering design of repairs and modifications. e. he organization organization shall provide provide a common common work card or worksheet system to be used throughout relevant parts of the organization. In addition, the organization shall either transcribe accurately the maintenance data contained in points (b) and (d) onto such work cards or worksheets or make precise reference to the particular maintenance task or tasks contained in such maintenance data. Work cards and worksheets may be computer generated and held on an electronic database subject to both adequate safeguards against unauthorized alteration and a back-up electronic database which shall be updated with wi th in 24 hou rs of an anyy ent r y ma made de to th thee ma main in electronic database. Complex maintenance tasks shall be transcribed onto the work cards or worksheets and subdivided into clear stages to ensure a record of the accomplishment of the complete maintenance task.

f.

Where the organiz ation provides a maintenance service to an aircraft operator who requires their work card or worksheet system to be used then such work card or worksheet system may be used. In this case, the organization shall establish a procedure to ensure correct completion of the aircraft operators' work cards or worksheets. ( Figure Figure 3-4 ) he organizat organization ion shal shalll ensure that all applicable applicable maintenance data is readily available for use when required by maintenance personnel.

Avail able

Job Cards

Airwo rthin ess Directives

Up To Date

Maintenance Data

Accur ate

Standard Practices

Recorded Auth oriti tes’ Documents

Figure 3-4. Types of maintenance documentation comprising maintenance data.

3.9


Eng. M. Rasool g. Te organiz organization ation shal shalll establish a procedure to ensure that maintenance mai ntenance data it controls is kept up to date. In the case of operator/ oper ator/customer customer controlled and provided maintenance data, the organization shall be able to show that either it has written confirmation from the operator/customer that all such maintenance data is up to date or it has work orders specifying the amendment status of the maintenance data to be used or it can show that t hat it is on the operator/customer maintenance data amendment list. PRODUCTION PLANNING (145.A.47) a. he organization organization shall shall have a system appropria appropriate te to the amount and complexity of work to plan the availability of all necessary personnel, tools, equipment, material, maintenance data and facilities in order to ensure the safe completion of the maintenance work. b. he planning of maintena nce task s, and the organising of shifts, shall take into account human performance limitations. c. When it is required required to hand over over the continuatio continuation n or completion of maintenance tasks for reasons of a shift or personnel changeover, relevant information shalll be adequately communicated shal communicated between outgoing and incoming personnel. CERTIFICATION OF MAINTENANCE (145.A.50) a. A certificate of release to service shall be issued by appropriately authorized certifying staff on behalf of the organization when it has been verified that all maintenance ordered has been properly carried out by the organization in accordance with the procedures specified in point 145.A.70, taking into account the availability and use of the maintenance data specified in point 145.A.45 145.A.45 and that there t here are no non-compliances which are known to endanger flight safety. b. A certi certificate ficate of release to serv service ice shal shalll be issued before flight at the completion of any maintenance. c. New defects or incomplete maintenance work orders identified during the above maintenance shall be brought to the attention of the aircraft operator for the specific purpose pur pose of obtaining agreement agreement to rectify rectif y such defects or completing the missing elements of the maintenance work order. In the case where the aircraft operator declines to have such maintenance carried out under this point, point (e) is applicable. 3.10

d. A certificate of release to to service shall be issued issued at the completion of any maintenance on a component wh i ls t of offf t he a ir cr a ft . h e au auth th or iz ed re rele le as e certificate ‘EASA Fo Form rm 1’ referred to in Appendix II of Annex I (Part-M) constitutes the component certificate of release to service except if otherwise specified in point M.A.502(b) or M.A.502(e). When an organ organizat ization ion maintai ma intains ns a component c omponent for its own use, an EASA Form 1 may not be necessary depending upon the organization's internal release procedures defined in the exposition. e. By derogation to point (a), (a), when the organization organizat ion is unable to complete all maintenance ordered, it may issue a certificate of release to service within the approved aircraft limitations. Te organization shall enter such fact in the aircraft certificate of release to service before the issue of such certificate. f. By derogation to points (a) (a) and 145.A.42, 145.A.42, when an aircraft is grounded at a location location other than the t he main line station or main maintenance base due to the non-availability of a component with the appropriate release certificate, it is permissible to temporarily fit a component without the appropriate release certificate for a maximum of 30 flight hours or until the aircraft first returns to the main line station or main maintenance base, whichever is the sooner, subject to the aircraft operator agreement and said component having a suitable release certificate but otherwise in compliance with al l applicable maintenance maintenance and operational requirements. Such components shall be removed by the above prescribed time limit unless an appropriate release certificate has been obtained in the meantime under points (a) and 145.A.42. MAINTENANCE RECORDS (145.A.55) a. he organ ization shall record al l detai ls of maintenance work carried out. As a minimum, the organization shall retain records necessary to prove that all requirements have been met for issuance of the certificate of release to service, including subcontractor's release documents. b. Te organiz organization ation shal shalll provide a copy of each certi certificate ficate of release to service to the aircraft operator, together with a copy of any specific repair/modification data used for repairs/modifications carried out. c. Te organization shall retain a copy of all detailed maintenance records and any associated maintenance data for three years from the date the aircraft or Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool component to which the work relates was released from the organization. 1. Te records records under this point shall be stored stored in a manner that ensures protection from damage, alteration and theft. 2. Computer backup discs, tapes etc. shal shalll be stored in a different location from that containing the working discs, tapes tapes etc., in an environmen environmentt that ensures they remain in good condition. 3. Where an organization approved approved under this Annexx (Par Anne (Partt-145) 145) termi t erminates nates its oper operation, ation, al alll retained maintenance records covering the last two years shall be distribu d istributed ted to the last owner or customer of the respective aircraft or component or shall be stored as specified by the competent Figure 3-5 ) authority. ( Figure

Figure 3-5. Detailed maintenance records are kept for at least two years.

OCCURRENCE REPORTING (145.A.60) a. he organization shall report to the competent competent authority, the state of registry and the organization responsible for the design of the aircraft ai rcraft or component component any condition of the aircraft aircraf t or component identified identified by the organization that has resulted or may result in an unsafe condition that hazards seriously the flight safety. b. Te organization shall establish establish an internal internal occurrence reporting system as detailed in the exposition to enable the collection and evaluation of such reports, including the assessment and extraction of those occurrences to be reported under point (a). his procedure shall identify adverse trends, corrective actions taken or to be taken by the organization to address deficiencies and include evaluation of all known relevant information relating to such occurrencess and a method to circulate the information occurrence as necessary. c. Te organization shall make such reports in a form and manner established by the Agency and ensure Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

that they contain all pertinent information about the condition and evaluation results known to the organization. d. Where the organiz organization ation is contracted by a commercial operator to carry out maintenance, the organization shall also report to the operator any such condition affecting the operator's aircraft or component. e. he organiz organization ation shal shalll produce and submit such reports as soon as practicable but in any case within 72 hours of the organization organiz ation identifying the condition to which the report relates. SAFETY AND QUALITY POLICY (145.A.65) a. Te organization shall establish establish a safety and and quality policy for the organization to be included in the exposition under point 145.A.70. b. Te organizat organization ion shal shalll establish procedures agreed by the competent authority taking into account human factors and human performance to ensure good maintenance practices and compliance with this Part which sha shallll includ includee a clea clearr work order or contra contract ct such that aircraft and components may be released to service in accordance with point 145.A.50. 1. he maintenance procedures under this point apply to points 145 145.A. .A.25 25 to 145.A.95. 2. Te maintenance procedures established or to be established by the organization under this point shall cover all aspects of carrying out the maintenance activity, including the provision and control of specialised services and lay down the standards to which the organization intends to work. 3. With regard to aircraft line and base mainten maintenance, ance, the organization shall establish procedures to minimise the risk of multiple errors and capture errors on critical systems, and to ensure that no person is required to carry out and inspect in relation to a maintenance task involving some element of disassembly/reassembly of several components of the same type fitted to more than one system on the sa me aircraft during a par ticular maintenan maintenance ce check. However However,, when wh en on ly on onee pe rs on is av a i la bl blee to ca r r y out these tasks then the organization's work card or worksheet shall include an additional stage for reinspection of the work by this person after completion completion of all al l the same tasks.

3.11


Eng. M. Rasool 4. Maintenance procedures shall be established to ensure that damage is assessed and modifications and repairs are carried ca rried out using data specified in point M.A.304. c. Te organization shall establish establish a quality system that includes the following: 1. Indep endent audits in order to monitor compliance with required aircraft/aircraft component compon ent standards and adequacy of the procedures to ensure that such procedures invoke good maintenance practices and airworthy aircraft /aircraft compo components. nents. In the smal lest organizations the independent audit part of the quality s ystem may be contracted to another organization approved under this Part or a person with approp appropriate riate technical knowledge and prove proven n satisfactory audit experience; and 2. A quality feedback feedback reporting system to the person or group of persons specified speci fied in point 145.A. 145.A.30(b) 30(b) and ultimately to the accountable manager that ensures proper and timely corrective action is taken in response to reports resulting from the independent audits established to meet point (1). MAINTENANCE ORGANIZA ORGANIZATION TION EXPOSITION (MOE) (145.A.70) a. Maintenance organization exposition’ means the document or documents that contain the material specifying the scope of work deemed to constitute approval and showing how the organization intends to comply with this Annex (Part-145). Te organization shall provide the competent authority with a maintenance organization exposition, containing the following information: 1. A statement signed by the accountable manager confirming that the maintenance organization exposition and any referenced associated manuals define the organization's organization's compliance with this Annex (Part-145) and will be complied with at all times. When the t he accountable manager is not the chief executive officer of the organization then such chief executive officer shall countersign the statement; 2. he organization' organization'ss safety and quality policy as specified by point 145.A.65; 3. Te title(s) title(s) and name(s) name(s) of the persons nominated under point 145.A.30(b); 4. he duties and responsibil responsibilities ities of the persons nominated under point 145.A.30(b), including matters on which they may deal directly with the 3.12

competent authority on behalf of the organization; 5. An organization chart showing showing associated chains of responsibility between the persons nominated under point 145.A.30(b); 6. A list of certifying staff and support staff; 7. A general description of manpower resources; 8. A general description of the facilities facilities located at each address specified in the organization's approval appro val certificate; 9. A specification of the organization's organization's scope of of work relevant to the extent extent of approval; approval; 10. Te notification procedure of point 145.A.85 145.A.85 for organization organizatio n changes; 11. he maintenance organization exposition amendment procedure; 12. Te procedures and quality system established by the organization under points 145.A.25 to 145.A.90; 13. A list of commercial commercial operators, where applicable, to which the organization provides an aircraft maintenance mainten ance service; 14. A list of subcontracted organizations, where applicable, as specified in point 145.A.75(b); 15. A list of line stations, where applicable, as specified specifie d in point p oint 145.A.75(d 145.A.75(d); ); 16. A list of contracted organizations, where applicable. b. he exposition shall be amended as necessar necessar y to remain an up to date description of the organization Te exposition and any any subsequent subsequent amendmen amendmentt shall be approved by the competent authority. c. Notwiths Notwithstanding tanding point point (b) minor amendments to the exposition may be approved through an exposition procedure (hereinafter called indirect approval). PRIVILEGES OF THE ORGANIZATION (145.A.75) In accordance with the expositio ex position, n, the organization shall be entitled to carry out the following tasks: a. Maintai Maintain n any aircr aircraft aft and/or and/or component for which it is approved at the locations identified in the approval certificate and in the exposition e xposition;; b. Arr Arrange ange for maintenance of any aircra aircraft ft or component for which it is approved at another organization that is working under the quality system of the organization. Tis refers to work being carried out by an organization not itself appropriately approved to carry out such maintenance maintenance under this Part and is limited to the work scope permitted under procedures Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool laid down in point p oint 145.A.65(b). 145.A.65(b). Tis work scope shall not include a base maintenance check of an aircraft or a complete workshop maintenance check or overhaul of an engine or engine module; c. Maintai Maintain n any aircra aircraft ft or any component for which itit is approved at any location subject to the t he need for such maintenance arising either from the unserviceability of the aircraft or from the necessity of supporting occasional line maintenance, subject to the conditions specified in the expositio e xposition; n; d. Mainta Maintain in any aircr aircraft aft and/or component for which it is approved at a location identified as a line maintenance location capable of supporting minor maintenance and only if the organization exposition both permits such activity and lists such locations; e. Issue certif icates of release to serv service ice in respect of completion of maintenance in accordance with point 145.A.50. LIMITATION ON THE ORGANIZATION (145.A.80) hee org an h aniz izat ation ion sh shal al l on only ly ma maint intai ain n an ai rc rcra raft ft or componentt for which it is approved when a ll t he componen necessary facilities, equipment, equipment, tooling, material, maintenance mainte nance data and certifying staff are available available.. CHANGES TO THE ORGANIZATION (145.A.85) Te organization shall notify the competent competent authority of any proposal to carry out any of the following changes before such changes take place to enable the competent authority to determine continued compliance with this Part and to amend, if necessary, the approval certificate, except that in the case of proposed changes in personnel not known to the management beforehand, these changes must be notified at the earliest opportunity:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Te name of the organizat organization; ion; Te main location of the organizat organization; ion; Additional locations of the organizat organization; ion; Te accountable manager; Any of the persons nominated nominated under point 145 145.A. .A.30(b); 30(b); Te facilities, equipment, tools, material, procedures, work scope s cope or cert certif ifying ying sta staff ff that t hat could affec affectt the approval.

CONTINUE VALIDITY (145.A.90) a. An approval shal l be issued for an unlimited duration. It shall remain valid subject to: 1. Te organizat organization ion remaining in compliance with Anne An nexx II (Pa rt-145), in acc accord ordan ance ce wit h th thee provisions related to the handling of findings as specified under point 145.B.50; and 2. Te competent authority being granted access to the organization to determine continued compliance with this Part; and 3. Te certi certificate ficate not being surrendered or revoked. b. Upon surrender or revocation, the approval shall be returned to the competent authority. FINDINGS (1 (145.A.95) 45.A.95) a. A level 1 finding is any significa significant nt non-com non-compliance pliance with PartPar t-14 1455 requirements which wh ich lowers the safety standard and hazards seriously the flight safety. b. A level 2 finding is any non-compliance non-compliance with the Part-145 requirements which could lower the safety standard and possibly hazard the flight safety. c. After receipt receipt of notification of findings according according to 145.B.50, the holder of the maintenance organization approval shall define a corrective action plan and demonstrate corrective action to the satisfaction of the competent authority within a period agreed with th is authority. authority.

PART-M PART -M - SUBPART SUBPART-F -F - MAINTENA MAINTENANCE NCE ORGANIZATION ORGA NIZATION SCOPE (M.A.601) Tis Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an organization to qualify for the issue or continuation of an approval for the maintenance of aircraft and components not listed in point M.A.201(g). APPLICATION (M.A.602 APPLICA (M.A.602)) An appl icat ion for iss issue ue or ch chang angee of a ma mainte intena nance nce organization approval shall be made on a form and in a manner established by the competent authority. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

EXTENT OF APPROVAL (M.A.603) (a) An organizat ion involved in activ activities ities subject to this Subpart shall shal l not exercise its activities unless approved by the competent authority. Appendix V to Annex I (Part-M) provides the template certificate for this approval. (b) Te maintenance organization's manual referred to in point M.A.604 shall specify the scope of work deemed to constitute approval. Appendix IV to Annex An nex I (Pa (Part-M) rt-M) def ine iness al l cl clas asses ses and rat rating ingss 3.13


Eng. M. Rasool possible under Subpart-F of this Annex (Part-M). (c)) An approved maintenance organization may fabricate, (c in conformity with maintenance data, a restricted range of parts for the use in the course of undergoing work wit within hin its own faci facilitie lities, s, as identi identiff ied in the maintenance organization manual.( Figure 3-6) MAINTENANCE ORGANIZA ORGANIZATION TION MANUAL (M.A.604) a. Te maintenan maintenance ce organization shall provide provide a manual manual containing at least the following information: 1. A statement signed by the accountable manager to confirm that the organization will contin continuously uously work in accordance with Annex A nnex I (Part( Part-M) M) and

2. 3. 4.

5. 6.

7.

the manual at all times, t imes, and; Te organiz organization' ation'ss scope of work, and; Te title(s) title(s) and name(s name(s)) of person(s) referred to in point M.A.606(b), and; An organization chart showing showing associated chains of responsibility between the person(s) referred to in point M.A.606(b), and; A list of certif ying staff with their scope of approval, appro val, and; A list of locations where maintenance is carried out, together with a general descriptions of the facilities, and; Procedure s spec specify ify ing how the maintena nce organization ensures compliance with this Part, and;

Figure 3-6. Example maintenance organization approval certificate.

3.14


Eng. M. Rasool 8. he maintenance organizat ion manual amendment procedure(s). b. he maintenance organizat ion manual and its amendments shall be approved by the competent authority. c. Notwit Notwithstand hstanding ing point (b) minor amendments to the manual may be approved through a procedure (hereinafter called indirect approval). FACILITIES (M.A.605) Te organization organizat ion shall ensure that: t hat: a. Faciliti Facilities es are provide provided d for for all planned work, specialised workshopss and bays are segre workshop segregated gated as appropr appropriate, iate, to ensure protection from contamination and the environment. b. Off ice accommodat ion is provided for the management of all planned work including in particular, the completion of maintenance records. c. Secure storage facilit facilities ies are provided for components, equipment, tools and material. Storage conditions shall ensure segregation of unserviceable components and material from all other components, material, equipment and tools. Storage conditions shall be in accordance accordan ce with the manufacturers' instructions and access shall be restricted to authorized personnel. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS (M.A.606) a. he organization organization shall appoint an accountable accountable manager, who has corporate authority for ensuring that all maintenance required by the customer can be financed and carried out to the standard required by this Part. b. person or group of of persons shall be nominated with the responsibility of ensuring that the organization is always in compliance with this Subpart. Such person(s) shall be ultimately responsible to the accountable manager. c. Al l parag raph (b) persons shall be able to show relevant knowledge, background and appropriate experience related to aircraft and/or component maintenance. d. he organizat organization ion shall have appropriate staff for the normal expected contracted work. Te use of temporarily subcontracted staff is permitted in the case of higher than normally expected contracted work and only for personnel not issuing a certificate cer tificate of release to service. e. he qual if ication of al l personnel involved in Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

maintenance shall be demonstrated and recorded. f. Perso Personnel nnel who carry out specialized tasks such as welding, weld ing, non-des non-destr truct uctive ive test testing/ ing/insp inspect ection ion othe otherr than color contrast shall be qualified quali fied in accordance with an officially officia lly recognized recogniz ed standard. g. Te maintenance organization shall have sufficient certifying staff to issue M.A.612 and M.A.613 certif icates of release to service for aircraft and components. hey shall comply with the requirements of Part-66. h. By derogation from point (g), the organization may use certifying staff qualified in accor accordance dance with the following provisions when providing maintenance support to operators involved in commercial operations, subject to appropriate procedures to be approved as part of the organization's manual: 1. For a repetitive pre-flight air airworthines worthinesss direct directive ive which wh ich sp speci eci f ica llllyy sta states tes th that at th thee f li light ght cre w may carry out such airworthiness directive, the organization may issue a limited certifying staff authorization to the aircraft commander on the basis of the flight crew license held, provided that the organization ensures that sufficient practical training has been carried out to ensure that such person can accomplish the airworthiness directive to the t he required standard; 2. In the case of aircra aircraft ft operating away from a supported location the organization may issue a limited certifying staff authorization to the aircraft commander on the basis of the flight crew license, provided that the organization ensures that sufficient practical training has been carried out to ensure that such person can accomplish the task to the required standard. CERTIFYING STAFF (M.A.607) a. In additio addition n to to point point M.A.606(g), certifying certifying staff can only exercise their privileges, if the organization has ensured: 1. Tat certify certifying ing staff can can demon demonstrate strate that they meet the requirements of point 66.A.20(b) of Annex An nex II IIII (Pa (Partrt-66), 66), exc except ept when An Annex nex II IIII (Part-66) refers to Member State regulation, in which case they sha shallll meet the requi requirement rement of such regulation, and; 2. hat certify ing staff have an adequate understanding of the relevant aircraft and/or aircraft component (s) to be maintained together with the associated associated organization organization procedures. procedures. 3.15


Eng. M. Rasool b. In the following following unforeseen cases, where where an aircraft is grounded at a location other than the main base wheree no appr wher appropri opriate ate cer certi tify fy ing sta staff ff is ava availa ilable, ble, the maintenance organization contracted to provide maintenance support may issue a one-off certification authorization: 1. o one of its employees holding ty type pe quali qualifications fications on aircraft of similar technology, construction and systems; or 2. o any person with not less than three years maintenance experience and holding a valid ICAO aircraft maintenance license rated for the aircraft type requiring certification provided there is no organization appropriately approved under this Part at that location and the contracted contracted organization obtains and holds on file evidence of the experience and the license of that person. Alll such cas Al cases es must be repor reported ted to the compete competent nt authority within seven days of the issuance of such certification authorization. Te approv approved ed maintenan maintenance ce organization issuing the one-off certification authorization shall ensure that any such maintenance that could affect flight fl ight safety is re-checked. c. Te approved maintenance organiz organization ation shal shalll record all details concerning certifying staff and maintain a current list of all certifying staff together with their scope of approval as part of the organization's manual pursuant to point M.A.604(a)5. COMPONENTS, EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS (M.A.608) a. Te organizati organization on shall: 1. Hold the equipment equipment and tools specif ied in the maintenance data described in point M.A.609 or verified equivalents as listed in the t he maintenance organization manual as necessary for day-to-day maintenance within the scope of the approval; and, 2. Demonstrate that it has access to to all other equipment and tools used only on an occasional basis. b. ools and equipment equipment shall be controlled and calibrated to an officially recognised standard. Records of such calibrations and the standard used shall be kept by the organization. c. he organizat ion shal l inspect, classify and appropriately segregate all al l incoming components.

3.16

MAINTEN ANCE DA MAINTENANCE DAT TA (M.A.609) Te approved maintenance ma intenance organiz organization ation shall sh all hold and use applicable current maintenance data specified in M.A.401 in the performance of maintenance including modifications and repairs. In the case of customer provided maintenance data, it is only necessary to have such data when the work is in progress. MAINTENANCE WORK ORDERS (M.A.610) Before the commencement of maintenance a written work order sha shallll be ag agree reed d bet ween the org organ aniza ization tion and the organization requesting maintenance to clearly establish the maintenance to be carried out. MAINTENANCE STANDARDS (M.A.611) Alll maintenance shall Al shal l be carried carr ied out in accordance with the requirements of M.A. Subpart-D. COMPONENT CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE (M.A.612) a. At the completion of all required component component maintenance in accordance with this Subpart a component certificate of release to service shall be issued according to M.A.802, EASA Form 1 shall be issued except for those components fabricated in accordance with M.A.603(b). b. he component component certif icate release to service document, EASA Form 1 may be g enerated from a computer database. COMPONENT CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE (M.A.613) a. At the completion of all required component component maintenance in accordance with this Subpart a component certificate of release to service shall be issued in accordance with point M.A.802. EASA Form 1 shall be issued except for those components maintained in accordance with points M.A.502(b), M.A.502(d) or M.A.502(e) and components fabricated in accordance with point M.A.603(c). b. he component cert if icate releas e to ser vice document, EASA Form 1 may be generated from a computer database.


Eng. M. Rasool MAINTENANCE RECORDS (M.A.614) a. Te approved maintenance organiz organization ation shal shalll record all details of work carried out. Records necessary to prove all requirements have been met for issuance of the certificate of release to service including the subcontractor's release documents shall be retained. b. Te approved maintenance organiz organization ation shal shalll provide a copy of each certificate of release to service to the aircraft owner, together with a copy of any specific approved repair/modification data used for repairs/ modifications carried out. Te approved maintenance organization shall retain a copy of all maintenance records and any associated maintenance data for three years from the date date the aircraft or aircraft compo component nent to which the work relates was released from the approved maintenance organization. 1. he records records shall be stored in a manner that ensures protection from damage and theft. 2. All computer computer hardware used to ensure backup backup shall be stored in a different location from that containing the working data in an environment that ensures they remain in good condition. 3. Where an approved maintenance organization terminates its operation, all retained maintenance records covering the last two years shall be distributed to the last owner or customer of the respective aircraft or component or shall be stored as specified by the competent authority. PRIVILEGES OF THE ORGANIZATION (M.A.615) Te maintena maintenance nce organ organization ization approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart-F Subpart-F of of this Annex (Part-M) (Part-M),, may: a. Maintain any aircra aircraft ft and/or component for which itit is approved at the locations specified in the approval certificate and the maintenance organization manual; b. Arra Arrange nge for the performance of special specialized ized serv services ices under the control of the maintenance organization at another organization appropriately qualified, subject to appropriate procedures being established as part of the Maintenance Organization Manual approved by the competent authority directly; c. Maintain any aircra aircraft ft and/or component for which it is approved at any location subject to the need of such maintenance arising either from the unserviceability of the aircraft or from the necessity of supporting occasional maintenance, subject to the conditions specified in the Maintenance Organization Manual; Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

d. Issue certi certificates ficates of release to serv service ice on completion of maintenance, in accordance with point M.A.612 or point M.A.613. ORGANIZATIONAL REVIEW ORGANIZATIONAL REV IEW (M.A.616) oo ensure  ens ure that the approved maintenance ma intenance organi organization zation continues to meet the requirements of this Subpart, it shall organize, on a regular basis, organizational reviews. CHANGES TO THE APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZA ORGANIZATION TION (M.A.617) In order to enable the competent authority to determine continued compliance with this Part, the approved maintenance organization shall notify it of any proposal to carry out any of the following changes, before such changes take place: 1. Te name of the organizat organization; ion; 2. Te location of the organization; 3. Additional locations of the organizat organization; ion; 4. Te accountable manager; 5. Any of the persons specified in point M.A.6 M.A.606(b); 06(b); 6. Te facilities, equipment, tools, material, procedures, work sco scope pe and cer certi tify fy ing st staf afff th that at cou could ld af affec fectt the approval. In the case of proposed changes in personnel not known to the management beforehand, these changes shall be notified at the earliest opportunity.

In the case of proposed changes in personnel not known to the management beforehand, these changes shall be notified at the earliest opportunity. CONTINUED VALIDITY OF APPROV APPRO VAL (M.A.618) (M.A.618) a. An approval shall be issued for an unlim unlimited ited duration. It shall remain valid subject to: 1. Te organization organization remaining in compliance with this Part, in accordance with the provisions related to the handling of findings as specified under point M.A.619, and; 2. he competent competent authority being granted access to the organization to determine continued compliance with this Part, and; 3. the approval not being surrendered or revoked; b. Upon surrender or revocation, the approval certi certificate ficate shall be returned to the competent authority.

3.17


Eng. M. Rasool Upon surrender or revocation, the approval certificate shall be returned to the competent authority. FINDINGS (M.A.619) a. A level 1 finding is any signific significant ant non-com non-compliance pliance with Part-M requirements requ irements which lowers the safet safetyy standard and hazards seriously the flight safety. b. A level 2 fi finding nding is any non-compliance non-compliance with the Part-M PartM requirements which could lower the sa fety standard and possibly hazard the flight safety. c. After receipt receipt of notificat notification ion of find findings ings according to point M.B.605, the holder of the maintenance organization approval shall define a corrective action plan and demonstrate corrective action to the satisfaction of the competent authority within a period agreed with this authority.

3.18


Eng. M. Rasool QUESTIONS K Y R R O O T W A L E U M A G E R F R

Question: 3-1

Question: 3-5

No organization, in Europe, can deliver a return to service certificate. if not approved under __________________.

Te ____________ ______ ____________ ______ __________ ____ ____________ ________ __ of a Part-145 Part-145 maintenance organization organ ization must be independent.

Question: 3-2

Question: 3-6

Maintenance records must be retained by an approved maintenance organization for at least __________________.

rue or False… A Part-145 rue Part-145 approved approved maintenance organization is authorized to subcontract work.

Question: 3-3

Question: 3-7

A certificate certi ficate of release to service serv ice (CRS) (CRS) authorizes the transfer of the aircraft (or aircraft parts) from the __________________ to the operator.

Te name of the document that contains the material materia l specifying the scope of work to be undertaken and that shows how the maintenance organization intends to comply with PartPar t-145 145 is called the __________________.

Question: 3-4

Question: 3-8

Te approved maintenance organization shall sha ll retain retai n a copy of all maintenance records and any associated maintenance data for _______________ years.

ools and equipment shall be controlled and ools __________________ to an officially recognized standard.


3.19


Answer: 3-1

Answer: 3-5

Part-145.

quality assurance.

Answer: 3-2

Answer: 3-6

2 years.

rue.

Answer: 3-3

Answer: 3-7

maintenance organization.

maintenance organization exposition.

Answer: 3-4

Answer: 3-8

three.

calibrated.

3.20


Eng. M. Rasool


¦

LEVELS A B1 B2

Sub-Module 04 AIR OPERATIONS OPERATIONS S N O I T A R E P O R I A


10.4 - Air Operations

1

1

1

General understanding of Air Operations. Air Operators O perators Certificates; Cer tificates; Operator'ss responsibilities, Operator' responsibilities, in par ticular regarding contin continuing uing air worthiness and maintenance; Aircraft Aircr aft Maintenance M aintenance Programme; Prog ramme; MEL/CDL; Documents to be carried on board; Aircraft Aircr aft placarding plac arding (mark ings).

Level 1 A familiariz famil iariz ation with the principal princ ipal elements of t he subject . Objectives: (a) Te applicant should be famil iar with the basic elements of the subject. (b) Te applicant should be able to give a simple description of the whole subjec t, using usin g common words and e xamples. (c) Te applicant should be able to use ty typical pical terms.


4.1

Eng. M. Rasool GENERAL UNDERSTANDING Common technical requirements and administrative procedures applicable to commercial transportation by aircraft are given in Air Operations the subparts of which are given below: Subpart-A: Applicabilit Applicabilityy and Definitions Subpart-B: General Subpart-C: Operator Certi Certification fication and Superv Supervision ision Subpart-D: Operational Procedures Subpart-E: Al Alll Weather Operations Subpart-F: Performance General Subpart-G: Performance Class A Subpart-H: Performance Class B Subpart-I: Performance Class C

Subpart-J: Mass and Balance Subpart-K: Instruments and Equipment Subpart-L: Communication and Navigation Equipment Subpart-M: Aeroplane Maintenance Subpart-N: Flight Crew Subpart-O: Cabin Crew Subpart-P: Manuals, Logs and Records Subpar Subp art-Q: t-Q: Flight/D Flight/Duty uty ime Limitation Limitationss and Rest Requiremen Requi rements ts Subpart-R: ransport of Dangerous Goods by Air Subpart-S: Security

AIR OPERATO OPERATORS RS CERTIFICA CERTIFICATES TES (AOC (AOC) ) GENERAL RULES FOR AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICA CERTI FICATION TION (OPS 1.175) Note 1: Appendix 1 to this paragraph specifies the contents and conditions of the AOC.

f.

g. Note 2: Appendix 2 to this paragraph specifies the management and organization requirements. a. An operator operator shall not not operate operate an aeroplane aeroplane for for the purpose of commercial air transportation other than in accordance with the terms and conditions of an Air Operator Op erator Certificate (AOC). b. An applicant for an AOC, or variation of an AOC,, sh AOC shaa l l a llllow ow th thee Aut hor it y to ex am amin inee al l safety aspects aspec ts of the proposed operation. c. An applicant for an AOC must: 1. Not hold an AOC AOC issued by another Authority Authority unless specifically approved by the Authorities concerned; 2. Have his principa l place of of business and, if any, his registered office located in the State responsible for issuing the AOC; 3. Satisfy the Authority that he is able to conduct safe operations. d. If an operator has aeroplanes registered in different Member States, appropriate arrangements shall be made to ensure appropriate safety oversight. e. An operator operator shall grant the Authority Authority access access to to his organization and aeroplanes and shall ensure that, with respect to maintenance, maintenance, access is granted to any 4.2

h.

i.

j.

k.

associated Part–145 maintenance organization, to determine continued compliance with OPS 1. An AOC AOC wil willl be varied, suspended or revoked if the Authority is no longer longer satisfied that the operator can maintain safe operations. Te operator must satisfy the Authority that: 1. Its organiz organization ation and management are suitable and properly matched to the scale and scope of the operation; and 2. Procedures for for the super vision of operations have been defined. Te operator operator must must have nominated an accountable accountable manager acceptable to the Authority who has corporate authority authority for ensuring that all al l operations and maintenance activities can be financed and carried carr ied out to the standard required by the Authority. he operator must have nominated post holders, acceptable to the Authority, who are responsible for the management and supervision of the following areas: 1. Flight operations; 2. Te maintenance system; 3. Crew train training; ing; and 4. Ground operations. A person may hold more more than one of the nominated posts if acceptable to the Authority but, for operators who employ 21 or more full ful l time t ime staff, sta ff, a minimum of two persons are required to cover the four areas of responsibility. For operators who emplo employy 20 or less full time staff, one or more of the nominated posts may be filled by the Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool l.

m.

n.

o.

p.

q.

accountable manager if acceptable to the Authority. he operator must ensure that every flight is conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Operations Manual. he operator must arrange appropriate ground handling facilities to ensure the safe handling of its flights. he operator must ensure that its aeroplanes aeroplanes are equipped and its crews are qualified, as required for the area and type of operation. he operator operator must must comply comply with the maintenance maintenance requirements, in accordance with Part-M, for all aeroplanes operated under the terms of its AOC. Te operator must provide the Authority Authority with a copy of the Operations Manual, as specified spec ified in Subpart-P and all amendments or revisions to it. he operator must maintain operational support facilities at the main operating base, appropriate for the area and type of operation.

CONTENTS AND CONDITIONS OF THE AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE (OPS 1.175 ADDENDUM)

An AOC specifies the: a. Name and location location (principal (principal place of business) of the operator; b. Date of issue and period of validit validity; y; c. Description of the ty type pe of operations authorized; d. ype(s) of aeroplane(s aeroplane(s)) authorized authorized for use; e. Registration markings of of the authorized aeroplane(s aeroplane(s)) except that operators may obtain approval for a system to inform the Authority about the registration registrat ion markings for aeroplanes operated under its AOC; f. Authorized areas of operation; g. Special limitations; and h. Special authorizations/approvals e.g.: — CA CA  II/CA II/CA III (in (including cluding approv approved ed minima), minima), — (MNPS) Minimum Minimum naviga navigation tion perform performance ance specifications, — (EO (EOPS) PS) Extende Extended d range opera operation tion twin engine engined d aeroplanes, — (RN (RNA AV) Area navi naviga gatio tion, n, — (R (RVSM) VSM) Redu Reduced ced vertical vertical separati separation on minima, minima, — ransp ransporta ortatio tion n of danger dangerous ous goods, goods, — Auth Authoriza orization tion to to provide provide cabin cabin crew initial initial safety training and, if applicable, to issue the attestation provided for in Subpart-O, for those operators who provide such training directly or indirectly.


ISSUE, VARIATION AND CONTINUED VALIDITY V ALIDITY OF AN AOC (OPS (OPS 1.180 1.180)) a. An operator will not be granted an AOC, or a variation to an AOC, and that AOC AOC will not remain valid unless: un less: 1. Aeroplanes operated have a standard Certificate of Airworthiness issued in accordance with Commission Regulation (EC) No 1702/2003 of 24 September 2003 laying down implementing rules for the airworthiness and environmental certification of aircraft and related products, parts and appliances, as well as for the certification of design and production organizations (1) by a Member State. Standard Certificates of Air worth worthiness iness issued by a Member State other than the State responsible for issuing the AOC, willl be accepted without further wil f urther showing when issued in accordance with Part 21; 2. he maintenance maintenance system has been approved by the Authority in accordance with Part-M, Subpart-G; and 3. He/she has satisfied the Authority Authority that he has the ability to: i. Establish and mainta in an adequate organization; ii. Establish and maintain maintain a quality system in accordance with OPS 1.035; iii. Comp Comply ly with required required training programmes programmes;; iv. Comply with maintenance requirements, consistent with the nature and extent of the operations specified, including the relevant items prescribed in OPS 1.175 1.175 (g) to (o); and v. Comply with OPS 1.17 1.175. 5. b. Notwithsta Notwithstanding nding the provisions of OPS 1.1 1.185 85 (f), the operator must notify the Authority as soon as practicable of any changes to the information submitted in accordance with OPS 1.185 1.185 (a) below. below. c. If the Authority Authority is not satisfied that the requirements of subparagraph (a) above have been met, the Authorityy may requi Authorit require re the conduct of one or more demonstration flights, operated as if they were commercial air transport flights.

4.3

S N O I T A R E P O R I A

Eng. M. Rasool OPERATOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES LAWS, REGULATIONS AND PROCEDURES — OPERATOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES (OPS 1.020) An operator must ensure that: 1. All employees employees are made aware that they shall comply with the laws, regu regulations lations and procedure proceduress of those t hose States in which operations are conducted and which are pertinent pert inent to the performance of their duties; and 2. All crew members members are familiar with the laws, laws, regulations and procedures pertinent to the performance of their duties. COMMON LANGUAGE (OPS 1.025) a. An operator must ensure that all crew members can communicate in a common language. b. An operator operator must ensure that all operations operations personnel are able to understand the language in which those parts of the Operations Manual which pertain to their duties and responsibilities are written. RESPONSIBILITIES (M.A.201) a. he owner is respon sible for the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft ai rcraft and shall ensure that no flight takes place unless: 1. he aircraf t is maintained in an airworthy condition. and 2. Any operat ional and emergency equipment fitted is correctly installed and serviceable or clearly identified as unserviceable. and 3. Te airworth airworthiness iness certificate remains valid. and 4. he maintenance maintenance of the aircraft is performed in accordance with the approved maintenance programme as specified in M.A.302. b. When the aircra aircraft ft is leased, the responsibilities of the owner are transferred to the lessee if: 1. he lessee is stipulated on the registration document, or 2. Detailed in the leasing contract. When reference is made in this Part to the ‘owner’, the term owner covers the owner or the lessee, as applicable. c. Any person or organiz organization ation performing maintenance shall be responsible for the tasks performed. d. he pilot-in-command pilot-in-command shal l be responsible for the satisfactory accom accomplishment plishment of the pref light inspection. his inspection must be carried out 4.4

by the pilot or another qualified person but need not be carried out by an approved maintenance organization or by Part-66 certifying staff. g. Maintenance of of large aircraft , aircr aft used for commercial air transport and components thereof shall be carried out by a Part-145 approved maintenance organization. h. In the case of commercial air transpor transportt the operator operator is responsible for the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft it operates and shall: 1. Be approved, approved, as part of of the air operator operator certificate issued by the competent authority, pursuant to M.A. Subpart-G for the aircraft it operates. and 2. Be approved in accordance with Part-145 Part-145 or contract such an organization. and 3. Ensure that parag paragraph raph (a (a)) is satisfied. j. Te owner/operator is respons responsible ible for granti g ranting ng the competent authority access to the organization/ aircraft to determine continued compliance with this Part. CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS MANAGEMENT ORGANIZA ORGANIZATION TION (SUBPART-G) his h is Subp Subpar artt def ine iness org organ aniza ization tionss appr approved oved for th thee management manageme nt of the Continuing Airworthiness Air worthiness of aircraft. • Tis Subpart requires facilities, data and competent staff. • It also describes the tasks for for which these organizations are approved for. • It gives the general rules for record keeping. For commercial air transport: • his Subpart introduces the requirements of JAR-OPS Subpar S ubpart-M t-M - the t he approval ap proval is par partt of the t he operator’s air operator certificate. • Aircr Aircraft aft maintenance shal shalll be performed by Part1455 approved organizations. 14 organ izations.

For aircraft not used in commercial air transport, this Subpart introduces the main requirements of JAR-OPS Subpart-M. An y org Any organ aniza ization tion appr approved oved to th this is Subp Subpar artt may al also so have the privilege to carry out airworthiness reviews. hese h ese per iod iodic ic rev iew iewss ar aree ca carr rried ied out to ens ensur uree the aircraft’s continuing airworthiness has been properly carried out and that the aircraft can be considered as airworthy at the time of the inspection. Te content of these reviews is incorporated in this Subpart. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool MAINTENANCE PROGRAM (M.A.302) a. Every aircra ft shal shalll be maintained in accordance wit w it h a ma in inte te na nc ncee pr prog og ra m ap pr ov oved ed by t he competent authority which shall be periodically reviewed and amended accordingly. b. he maintena nce progra m and any subsequent amendments shall be approved by the competent authority.

AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE PROGRAM Maintenance of a transport aircraft ai rcraft is performed per formed under the responsibility of the aircraft operator according to a program he/she he /she has to elaborate and have it approved by the civil aviation agency of his country. Tis rule derives from agreements which guide international commercial aviation as recommended by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization). o enable thei o theirr customers cust omers to ful f ulfil filll these the se obligations obli gations at the best possible safety level, the aircraft manufacturers prepare the maintenance programs that they propose to their operators. Te elaboration process follows a rigorous methodology improved by the experience acquired in accordance with specific regulations which are reinforced from the previous generation of aircraft to the next one. Te first rule of aircraft maintenance was issued in 1930. Te ins instr trument umentss and equ equipment ipment have to be ins inspec pected ted at given intervals to assure their correct functioning at any time. Te actual methodology is based on a logical analysis by examining e xamining the consequ consequences ences of functional failures and by a task-based maintenance program. Tese programs are developed by a steering committee at the level of the entire aeronautical industry industr y and supported by specialized working groups. he participants are professionals from airlines, specialists from national civil aviation authorities, engineers from the design office of the aircraft and equipment manufacturers and, finally, maintenance program specialists. For a modern aircraft like A340-500/600, A350, A38 A 38 0 th is me meaa ns t he wo work rk of se ve vent nt y pa r t ic icip ipan ants ts during eighteen months and almost forty five thousa nd man hours. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

GENERAL PRESENTATION A tr an sp spor or t ai rc rcra ra ft op oper erat ator or is re resp spon onsi sibl blee for h is maintenance program and has to get it approved by his civil aviation av iation authority. authority. Tis program is derived from the maintenance program of the aircraft manufacturer (MPD, Maintenance Planning Document).

Te MPD of the manufacturer is the synthesis of three different sources: • he MRB (Mai ntenance Review Board), principal process, • Te certificatio certification n regulation regulationss of the aircraft type and its operational demands, • he followfollow-up up of the aircraf t operation and the feed-back from experience which leads to additional specific tasks to maintain the airworthiness of the aircraft. ( Figure 4-1) Te reg regulator ulator y oblig obligations ations are esta establishe blished d to meet the level of safety asked for by ICAO to assure a world safety standard. Each country publishes its airworthiness regulations but the two most important ones are the CS (Certification Specifications) issued by EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency) and the FAR (Federal Aviation Regulations) issued by the FAA (Federal Aviation Agenc Ag encyy of th thee US). he hese se ai airr wor worth thine iness ss reg ul ulat ations ions are not only based on the aircraft design but also on its operation and its maintenance during the ongoing commercial operation of the aircraft. h e re he requ quir ireme ements nts to be re resp spec ecte ted d in incl clude ude th thee t y pe certification elements of the aircraft, the instructions to maintain its air airworthiness worthiness during its operation (CS (CS 25 appendix H) and the requirements derived from the operational rules (Air Operations, Part 145 and Part 147). Te type certification requirements ensure that the design is in line with the published safety standards. Te demonstration of conformity must be done before the aircraft type ty pe certificate will be issued. Five chapters are addressed: • Te damage tolerance and the fatigue behavior of the structure str ucture (CS 25.571) 25.571),, • Te materials applied (CS 25.603), • Te accessibility of of the aircra aircraft ft zones (CS 25.61 25.611) 1),, • he equipments, systems and their instal lation (CS 25.1309), 4.5


Eng. M. Rasool •

Te requiremen requirements ts to maintain the air airworthiness worthiness of the aircraf a ircraftt (CS 25.1529). 25.1529).

Te requirements requi rements to maintain mainta in airwor a irworthiness thiness (Appendix H of JAR (Joint Aviation Rules) 25 are issued to ensure that the instructions and limits of a ircraft maintenance are well established in relation with the type certification work. Tey have to be prepared by the aircraft manufacturer before the first commercial delivery. Tey comprise two important importa nt paragraphs: • Paragraph H 25.3: (a (a)) Aircra Aircraft ft maintenance manual, (b) maintenance instructions, c) to (g) access panels, technical inspections, protection treatment, structural fi xation xations, s, special tools,

•

Paragraph H 25.4: limitations of air worthiness, safety eleme elements, nts, ALI (Airworthiness Limita Limitation tion Items)) and CMR (Certif ication Maintenance Items Requirements). he operational requirements address the fact that the inherent reliability characteristicss of the characteristic t he aircraft are maintained during the commercial utilization. Tey are issued by the country in which the each aircraft is registered.

Tey comprise four sections: • Air Operations Op erations 1, section 1, sub M (for maintenance) maintenance),, • Part 66, certi certification fication staff (maintenance (maintenance), ), • Part 14 145, 5, approved maintenance organizat organization, ion, • Part 14 1477, approved maintenance train training ing organization.

Figure 4-1. Inputs to the manufacturer’s maintenance planning document.

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Eng. M. Rasool THE GENERAL MAINTENANCE MA INTENANCE REVIEW BOARD (MRB) PROCESS

h e ru le he less imp os osee on th thee a ir ircr craf af t ma manu nufa fact ct ur urer er th thee elaboration of a maintenance program. he aircraft manufacturers have developed a method named MSG-3 (Maintenance Steering Group-3) to develop this program and the tasks for the corresponding maintenance. Te MSG-3 is the latest evolution of a proces processs star s tarted ted in 1930 by the ransport Airline Inspection Service, ancestor of the FAA, with its Aeronautical Bulletin 7E section 5: “Instruments and accessories shall be overhauled at suitable intervals.” Tis concept remained in force for forty forty years. In 1967, a United Airlines document put together the industry reports resulting in the development of an application of “Decision diagrams for logical analysis of maintenance programs”. In July 1969, the process MSG-1 was approved by the inter-airline B747 conference and was applied to develop the maintenance program progra m of the th e B747. B747. Te MSG methodology methodology evolves in three following following steps: • MSGMSG-22 (Airline Manufacturer Maintenance Program Planning Document) published on 25 March 1970 by the subcommittee R & M (Repair & Maintenance) of the Air ransport Association (AA) of the US and which was applied for the DC10 and the Lockheed Loc kheed 1011; • EMSG (Europea (European n Maintenance Steering Group Group)) elaborated in 1972 and published in February 1973 by the Association of European Airlines (AEA). It was applied on A300B2 and B4, Concorde and VFW 614; • Final Finally ly MSG-3 (Airline Manufactu Manufacturer rer Maintenance Program Development Document) published on 30 September 1988 by a task force MSG-3 of the US Airr ranspor Ai ransportt Ass Associat ociation ion (AA (AA). ). Tis T is docu document ment was amended in 1988 1988 (revision 1) 1) and 1993 1993 (revision 2). It is applicable for all the latest aircraft: A310, A300-6 A30 0-600, 00, A318-A319A318-A319-A320 A320-A321, -A321, A330-A34 A33 0-A340, 0, B757-B767-B777. Te MSG-3 is divided into three specific speci fic sections: • Systems and power plant program (SPP (SPP)) established with MSI (Maintenance (Mai ntenance Significant Items), Items),


• •

Structu re program established with Struct ural Significant Items analysis (SSI), Zonal Inspection Program (ZIP) established with zonal analysis.

o de ve lo lopp t he f i r st i ns p ec t io ion n a nd ma in te na nc e program for a new aircraft type the industry has worked worke d out the t he procedu pro cedure re of the t he Mainten Ma intenance ance Rev Review iew Board (MRB) prescribed by the FAA in an Advisory Circular Circul ar (AC 1211 21-22). 22). A three level organization orga nization has been put in place: • A steering committee (Industr y Steering Committee), presided by the airlines • Common working groups manufacturer airlines Maintenance Working Group (MWG) presided by the manufacturer. hey work in six sections: mechanics-hydraulics, environment and interior, power plant-fuel, electrics-avionics, structure, zonal inspection, • A Superior Counsel (Maintenance Review Board) in which only the certification authorities meet and which approves the work done which is published published as Maintenance Review Board Report. Te certification autho authorities rities (EASA and FAA) participate participate as well in ISC (Industry Steering Committee) and Maintenance Working Groups. It has to be noted that this work is done in common among the three parties concerned by aircraft safety: authority, manufacturer and operators. Te working groups apply the directives put together in a Policy & Procedures Handbook (PPH) published for each aircraft t ype and regrouping the latest regulatory informations coming from service experience. POWERPLANT AND SYST SYSTEMS EMS PROGRAM Te evaluations e valuations according to the t he MSG-3 methodology are based on the functional failures and the reasons for these failures. Before the MSG-3 process can start one has to identify the Maintenance Significant Items (MSI). Tat is performed by an analysis of the aircraft manufacturer which is based on the technical judgment of its specialists.

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Eng. M. Rasool Te selection sele ction of MSI identifies identi fies the t he items which: wh ich: • Bear a safet safetyy risk (o (on n ground or in flight). • Can remain undetected during operation. • Can have an important impact on dispatch reliability or the economics of the aircraft.  he MS I a na ly s is re p or t co mp r is e s t he c l a s s ic a l he information of a technical document (list of pages and publication date, list and reasons for the revisions of the document, applicability – aircraft types concerned). Te MSI also describe describess the t he components of the t he system, s ystem, their reliability (MBF – Mean ime Between Failures and MBUR – Mean ime Between Unscheduled Removals), Removals ), the redundancies of t he system, and the accumulated experience with other similar programs. It follows the description of the item itself: architecture of the system, its components, the examined functions, and functional failures etc. which have to be analyzed. Te totality of this data is regrouped in a DAA SHEE A.

Te analysis analy sis starts start s by the identification of four items: • Te functions (characteristic points during normal functioning); • Te functional failures (which functional failures could occur); • Te effects of failures (which (which is the result of those functional failures); • Te reasons (why could the functional failure occur). Tese are listed l isted in detail in a DAA DAA SHEE B. Each reason of malfunctioning is then evaluated following the logic analysis path of MSG-3. It comprises two levels: first the examination of each functional failure fa ilure following four questions to determine the Failure Effect Category (FEC), then to take into consideration the failure causes to determine via five questions which type of task has to be applied.

Figure Fig ure 4 -2 shows the logic analysis path and the five categories by which they can be differentiated: Evident critical failure, evident operational operational fa ilure, evident

Figure 4-2. MSG-3 logic to categorize functional failure effects.

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Eng. M. Rasool economical failure, critical hidden failure, noncriti economical noncritical cal hidden failure. Te second analysis level determines which type of a maintenance task has to be assigned to this item to take into consideration the causes of the failure. Five types ty pes of tasks have been defined: • LubricationLubrication-refil refilll of fluid levels • Visual or operational verification • Inspection or functional verification • Repair • Replacement h e an he anaa ly lysi siss a llllow owss se sele lect ct in ingg th thee ma maint inten enan ance ce ta task sk or several tasks as well as the inspection period for the item considered. Te results re sults of these the se analyse a nalysess are a re regrouped reg rouped in synthesis papers which have to be validated by the industry steering committee (ISC) before they can be approved by the MRB. MR B. o o complete their elaboration the working groups have to detail sufficiently each task to enable the writers wr iters of the maint maintenanc enancee docu documentat mentation ion are able to translate the mainten maintenance ance procedure while respecting the intentions of the working group. Finally to benefit from the zonal insp ection program (ZIP, see further down), the maintenance tasks which request a general visual inspection (GVI) can be transferred tra nsferred into the ZIP when their inspection frequency frequency is respected. Tis allows avoiding unnecessary duplicatio duplications. ns. OBLIGATIONS FROM CERTIFICATION MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS (CMR (CMR))

he ai aircra rcra ft ty pe cer certif tif icat ication ion work identi identiff ies among others the maintenance tasks. In addition the civil aviation authorities introduce specific requirements. In particular the manufacturer has to do a system safety analysis (SSA) requested by Paragraph CS 25.1309. In some cases the maintenance tasks have to be prescribed to obtain the necessary reliability level.  h i s wo rk i s do ne by a s p e c i f ic c om m it t e e : t h e h Committee of coordination of certification and maintenance which examines t he requests derived from the certification cert ification or CMR (Certification Maintenance Requirements) which holds the definitive list and orders it into two categories: • he CMR* (CMR one star): maintena nce task taskss with application intervals which cannot can not be modified modified by the operators without previous consent of the Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

•

•

manufacturer and the certification authority; Te CMR** (CMR two stars): maintenance tasks with inter interval val applicat applications ions which the operator operatorss can modify according to the procedures approved in their countries. Te CMR is published in an annex document added to the MRB report.

STRUCTURE PROGRAM hee ai rc h rcra ra ft st stru ruct ct ur uree is an anal alyz yz ed to de deter ter mi mine ne th thee items which need special regard. Tere are two main categories distinguished.

Structure Significant Items (SSI) are enter into the structure maintenance program. Part of this category are a re those items which contribute significantly to loads applied during flight, ground loads, pressurization, and trajectory control and where a failure threatens the structural integrity and the safety of the aircraft. Te other items to survey are a re those considered considered in the zonal program. Te selection of SSI depends on two factors: • Te consequences of failures (critical locations locations): ): one identifies the locations which contribute significantly to withstand the loads and where the result for damage tolerance and safe life have to be confirmed; • Te failure probab probability, ility, determined in accordance to the knowledge of the obtained loads, the operational environment and the identification of the destinations which contribute to damages in line with three causes of damage (accidental damage, deterioration due to the environment and fatigue damage) da mage).. ypica yp ically, lly, the ar areas eas ex expos posed ed to the these se da damag mages es whic which h enter into this category are: the assemblies and bigger subassemblies, the static joints which need lubrication, the fatigue sensitive zones which take a concentration of loads, intersections, assemblies under stress or alternating stress and compression, major metallic items, openings in panels, doors and windows, etc. Addi Ad diti tion onal al ly, th ther eree ar aree zo zone ness of co conce ncern rn wh whic ich h ar e exposed to corrosion (such (such as toilets, galleys, belly and corrosion affected zones under stress). Also those zones exposed to accidental exterior damage or to maintenance mai ntenance errors have to be considered (door (door thresholds, zones of maintenance activities or exposed to leaks of corrosive fluid). Final category to be considered are the safe life items. 4.9


Eng. M. Rasool h e MSG he MSG-3 -3 an anal alys ysis is as app appli lied ed to st stru ruct ctur ure. e. As for systems and power plant a logical ana lysis methodology is applied on the SSI items. A logical decision process has been adapted to the SSI analysis ana lysis which leads to: • Differentiate between damage-tolerant and safelife items; • Determine the feasib feasibility ility and ty pe of inspection techniques for damage-tolerant items and zones exposed to environmental or accidental damage. Te an anal alys ysis is le lead adss to t wo po poss ssibl iblee re resu sults lts,, ret ur urn n to the design office to reinforce the structura l resistance, or classification within one of the two structural program listings: • List of Air Airworthiness worthiness Limitation Items (ALI) • Consolidated struct structural ural maintenance program. Each analysis is supported by an individual file (SSI Analysis). Ana lysis). he  he str structu ucture re progra program m agreement a greement propose proposed d by the working group follows the same procedure as for systems and power plant: presentation and discussion withi wit hin n the Indus Industr tryy Stee Steerin ringg Commit tee, submi submission ssion to Maintenance review Board leading to the structure program approval to be integrated into the MRB Report. ANALYSIS ANAL YSIS OF ACCIDENT ACCIDENTAL AL DAMAGE DAMAGE

he ai aircr rcraf aftt man manufa ufact ctur urer er Ai Airbu rbuss fol follow lowss the pol policy icy not to create maintenance tasks covering accidental damage. hese items are analyzed to evaluate their eventual impact on fatigue or corrosion resistance. If the impact is significant. It is taken into consideration in the correspondent SSI analysis and is translated, if necessary, into supplementary structure inspection tasks. DAMAGE ANALYSIS DUE TO THE ENVIRONMENT

Metallic structures are exposed to multiple multiple variations of corrosion: stress corrosion, galvanic, intergranular, microbiologic, fretting, etc in small or even vast areas. Each item is evaluated as a function of its location, the type of corrosion enabling further deterioration, and the results classified as a function of their severity to determine the necessary inspection intervals. Tree sever severity ity levels l evels are internat international ionally ly recogniz recog nized: ed: • Corrosion level 1: corrosion appears in between two inspections and which can be treated within the allowed tolerances, or corrosion exceeding the allowable limits but does not occur under the 4.10

•

•

normal aircraft operation conditions, Corrosion level 2: corrosion appears in between two inspections where the treatment exceeds the allowable limits and results in a repair or a structural reinforcement, Corrosion level 3: corrosion discovered during an inspection which is consid considered ered to threaten the structural integrity and requires an immediate repair. repair.

Te rule ruless of MSG-3 rev. 2 of 1993 demand a program prog ram to prevent and control corrosion (CPCP, Corrosion Prevention and Control Program) which has to be established by the aircraft manufacturer to allow to contain the corrosion at level 1. Te manufact ma nufacturer urer Ai Airbus rbus has h as applied ap plied thi thiss requirement requ irement not only for new aircraft but also retroactively for the totality of its production range. Te CPCP is therefore incorporated incorpora ted as an integral part of t he structure maintenance program. Te composites necessitate the t he consideration of specific spec ific considerations: other sources of degradation can damage them, such as paint removers; in addition sudden impacts can reduce severely the strength of a composite without visible exterior damage. dama ge. Airbus e.g. considers considers these aspects already a lready at the level of pre-design: Te impacts which threaten the strength of a composite part have to be visible from the outside; tests have demonstrated that the non-visible damages do not have a critical importance for the strength of the structure. THE “ALI” (AIRWORTHINESS LIMITATION ITEMS) Alll critical Al critica l fatigue items have been put together, as well those related to flight cycles and corrosion critical items. Tese tasks related to fatigue and damage da mage tolerance are high-lighted very precisely. Te threshold of their first inspection and the repeat interval inspection cannot be modifies by the aircraft operators or their local civil aviation authority without agreement from the manufacturer and his certification authority.

Te document containing contain ing the ALI is a basic element of the structure maintenance program; Te oper operator atorss ar aree obli obliged ged to produ produce ce a rep report ort for the manufacture at each detection of structural damage Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool of an item of being part of the chapter Airworthiness Limitation. A form is included in the MRB report. ZONAL INSPECTION PROGRAM (ZIP (ZIP)) he  he z on a l i n s p e c t io n pr og r a m (Z I P) c ov e r s t h e requirements of the visible inspection of the whole aircraft, by succeeding zones covering systems, power plant and structure to assure their general good condition and to maintain safety. Each zone is clearly defined, with borders easily to identify and all access panels are opened for inspection.

Te aircr a ircraft aft is split spl it into eight eig ht major zones: z ones: • Lower fuselage up to rear pressure bulkhea bulkhead d • Upper fuselage up to rear pressure bulkhea bulkhead d • Aft section and tail • Engines, pylons and nacelles • Right wing • Left wing • Landing gear and landing gear panels • Passenger and cargo doors Tes e major zon Tese zones es ar aree spl split it into sma smallller er ones to eas easee inspection. An a greement on numeration numeration allows for a logical determination of symmetrical zones as well as neighboring zones. Te following figure gives an example for the definition of the left-hand engines of an A320 (engine 1 and 2). Tere is only one type of task in the maintenance program ZIP; general visual inspection (GVI). Each zone is analyzed to identify the ty pe of deterioration deterioration or damage appearing during operation. In any case the content does not pertain to be exhaustive. It is assumed that the aircraft mechanic who performs the inspection must have a good knowledge of the aircraft design a nd its systems located within the zone he inspects. Te inspection tasks task s ZIP will wil l check: • he visible struct ure parts and look for their deterioration such as accidental damage, corrosion, fretting and interferences, leaks, fissure and general condition of rivets and fixations, • Te good condition of instal installation lation (and stabiliz stabilization) ation) of equipment, harnesses, conduits, ducts, pulleys, etc. • he condition of cowls, hoods, and opened or dismounted panels to create access to the zone.

other maintenance activities: A check (e.g. 500 flight hours), C check (e.g. 15 months) and multiples, five years and ten years (structure checks). h e sh he shor orte terr th re resh shold old s an and d re repe peat at in inte terr va ls a im at those items exposed to accidental damage or having consequences for the dispatch reliability of the aircraft; they do not need much access to very specific zones. Te longer thresholds and intervals impose a more detailed access level and aim at damage which occurs during the utilization up to a point where they are detectable by a general visual inspection. We have shown previously that tasks can be transferred from the maintenance programs of structure and systems and power plant. When the selected tasks are of the order of general visual inspections and when the frequencies of the program are coherent then they are integrated into the ZIP. his procedure avoids duplications of tasks but responding exactly to the requirements of the maintenance program. ANALYSIS OF ZIP TASKS ANALYSIS TASKS As for fo r the th e other oth er chapter ch apterss of the th e mainten ma intenanc ancee progra prog ram m a logical analysis ana lysis methodology is applied to determine the intervals of the ZIP tasks.

Tree parameters par ameters are considered: • Te density: When the instal led items in a zone are packed together the possibility to inspect each part properly and as well the structure behind is affected. • he ranking : the ranki ng of each componen componentt in terms of safety and costs of functioning is evaluated. he damage which a malfunctioning could provoke on the elements adjacent of the z one is as well considered. • Te environment: the exposu exposure re to heat, vibrations or accidental accidental damage is as well evaluated. Tes e th Tese three ree pa param rameter eterss ar aree the then n combin combined ed accor accordi ding ng to a decision logic to determine the wanted inspection intervals. hese evaluations call for the personal judgment judg ment of the specia lis lists, ts, coming from the experienc expe riencee with wit h the t he inser i nser vice fleet before the decis decision ion is tak taken en by using the results from logical analysis. Tis is how an inspection program is obtained which is both practical and realistic.

Te threshold of the first inspection and the repeat intervals utilize the same maintenance program definitions as the Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

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Eng. M. Rasool THE MRB REPORT (MAINTENANCE REVIEW BOARD) Tis report rep ort provides prov ides to the operators ope rators the t he minimum mini mum and initial maintenance program of the aircraft, with the tasks and application frequencies for systems, power plant and structure. Te objective of this document is to serve as a basis for each operator to elaborate his own maintenance program which will be in turn approved by the airworthiness authorities of his country.

Te organization orga nization of the report reflects the organization org anization of the work of which it combines the results. • Introduction • General rules applicab applicable le at the total aircraft program • Maintenance program systems and power plant • Maintenance program struct structures ures • Zonal maintenance program • And a specific chapter: Specific American (US) requirements MAINTENANCE PLANNING DOCUMENT (MPD) As indicate indicated d above a bove the MRB repor reportt only on ly contains the initial maintenance program of the aircraft, at the time of its first commercial operation. Te MPD is destined to follow that initial document to incorporate the evolutions during the life of the aircraft which can thirty or more years. hese evolutions are taken from five different sources: the airworthiness directives imposed by the certification authorities, the SIL (Service Information Letters) of the aircraft manufacturer, the SB (Service Bulletins) for inspection, the SB for modification and the evolutions of safe-life. heir impact on the maintenance tasks and their periodicity are permanently incorporated into the MPD.

MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LISTS & CDL (OP (OPERATOR' ERATOR'S S RESPONSIBILITIES) MEL An A n op er at or sh a l l e st ab l is h , fo forr e a c h a i r pl a ne , a Minimum Equipment List (MEL) approved by the Authority. his shall be based upon, but no less restrictive than, the relevant Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) (if this exists) accepted by the Authority. An operator shall not operate an airplane airpla ne other than in accordance with the MEL unless permitted by the Authority. Any such permission will 4.12

in no circumstances permit operation outside the constraints of the MMEL. CDL he Con Conff ig igura uratio tion n Dev iat iation ion Lis Listt (CDL) a llllows ows for continued operations with missing secondary airframe and engine parts. Approval for operating with these parts missing is authorized by an amendment amendment to the type t ype certificate which as a result requires an Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) supplement. Any part not included in the CDL must be considered necessary for flight. Terefore, without a CDL, missing secondary airf airframe rame and engine parts would ground the airplane until repair or replacement of the part is accomplished. An approved CDL is evaluated based on Advisory Circular AC 25-7A during flight testing for aircraft certification and contains the necessary takeoff performance decrement, decrement, the landing performance decrement, and the en route performance decrement decreme nt as appropriate for the airplane t ype. DOCUMENTS TO BE CARRIED (OPS 1.125) a. An operator operator shall ensure that the following documen documents ts or copies thereof are carried on each flight: 1. Te Certi Certificate ficate of Registrat Registration; ion; 2. Te Certificate of Airworthiness; 3. Te original or or a copy of the Noise Noise Certificate (if applicable), including an English translation, where one has h as been provided by the t he Authorit Aut horityy responsible for issuing the noise certificate; 4. he original or a copy of the Air Operator Certificate; 5. Te Aircra Aircraft ft Radio License; and 6. he original or or a copy of of the hird Party Liability Insurance Certificate(s). b. Each flight crew member member shal shall,l, on each flight, carr carryy a valid flight crew license with appropriate rating(s) for the purpose of the flight. MANUALS TO BE CARRIED CARRIED (OPS 1.130 1.130)) An operator shall shal l ensure that: 1. Te current part partss of the Operations Manual relevant to the duties of the crew are carried on each flight; 2. hose parts of of the Operations Manual which are required for the conduct of a flight are easily accessible to the crew on board the aeroplane; and 3. Te current current Aeroplane Aeroplane Flight Manual Manual is carried in the aeroplane unless the Authority has accepted that the Operations Manual prescribed in OPS 1.1045, Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool Append ix 1, Part B contai Appendix contains ns relev relevant ant infor information mation for that aeroplane. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION INFORMATION AND FORMS TO BE CARRIED (OPS 1.135) a. An operator shall ensure that, in addition to the documents and manuals prescribed in OPS 1.125 and OPS 1.130, the following information and forms, relevant to the type ty pe and area of operation, are carried on each flight: fl ight: 1. Operational Flight Plan containing at at least the information required in OPS 1.1060; 2. Aeroplane echnica l Log containing at least the information required in Part-M, paragraph M. A. 306 Operator’s technical log system; 3. Details of the filed AS flight plan; 4. Appropriate NO NOAM AM//AIS briefing documentation; 5. Appropriate meteorological information; 6. Mass and balance documentation documentation as specified in Subpart J; 7. Notification of specia speciall categories of passenger such as secu rity personnel, if not considered considered as crew, handicapped persons, inadmissible passengers, deportees and persons in custody; 8. Notification of specia speciall loads including dangerous goods including written information to the commander as prescribed in OPS 1.1215 (c); 9. Current maps and char ts and associated documents as prescribed in OPS 1.290 (b)(7); 10. Any other documentation which may be required by the States concerned with this flight, such as cargo manifest, passenger manifest etc; and 11. Forms to comply with the reporting requirements of the Authority and the operator. b. Te Authority may may permit the information detailed in subparagraph (a) above, or parts thereof, to be presented in a form other than on printed paper. An acceptable standard of accessibility, usability and reliability must be assured.

IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS IDENTIFICATION AND APPLIANCES APPLIANCES IDENTIFICATION OF PRODUCTS (21A.801) h  h e id e nt i f ic at io n of pr o du c t s sh a l l i nc lu de t he following information: • Manufactu Manufacturer's rer's name. • Product designation. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

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Manufactu rer's Serial Number. Manufacturer's Any other information the Agency finds appropriate.

A ny na Any natt ur a l or le lega ga l pe rs on t ha hatt ma nu nufa fact ct ur es a n aircraft or engine under Subpart-G or Subpart-F shall identify that aircraft or engine by means of a fireproof plate that has the information specified in paragraph (a) marked on it by etching, stamping, engraving, or other approved method of fireproof marking. Te identification iden tification plate shall be secured in such a manner that it is accessible and legible, and will not likely be defaced or removed during normal service, or lost or destroyed in an accident. IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS AND APPLIANCES APPLIANCE S (21A.804 (21A.804)) Each manufacturer of a part or appliance shall permanently and legibly mark the part par t or appliance with: • A name, trademark, or symbol identifying the manufacturer; and • he part number, number, as defined in the applicable design data; and • he letters EPA (Europea n Part Approval) for parts or appliances produced in accordance with approved design data not belonging to the typecertificate holder of the related product, except for ESO articles.

Each person who manufactures an APU under Subpart-G or Subpart-F shall identify that APU by means of a fireproof plate that has the information specified in paragraph (a) marked on it by etching, stamping, engraving, or other approved method of fireproof marking. he identification plate shall be secured in such a manner that it is accessible and legible, and will not likely be defaced or removed during normal service, or lost or destroyed in an accident. MARKING OF BREAK-IN POINTS

An operator shall sha ll ensure that, if i f designated areas a reas of the fuselage which are suitable for break-in by rescue crews in an emergency are marked on an airplane, such areas shall be marked as shown in Fig Figure ure 44-33. Te color of the markings shall be red or yellow, and if necessary they shall be outlined in white to contrast with the background. If the corner markings are more than two meters apart, intermediate lines 9 cm × 3 cm shall be inserted so that there is no more than two meters between adjacent marks. ( Figure 4-3 4- 3) 4.13


Eng. M. Rasool

Figure 4-3. Specifications for marking break-in area on the outside of the aircraft for rescue crew identification.

EMERGENCY EMERGENC Y MARKINGS

Emergency markings are required to give information to passengers and crew. Te location of emergency emergency exits, emergency lightning l ightning or floor proximity lightning, location of fire extinguishers, fire axes, are identified with red letters and signs. Emergency exit placards meet specific criteria as they have to be understood by all passengers (Clear, Simple and Precise operating instructions). ( Figure 4-4 4- 4 )

Figure 4-4. Required emergency exit markings.

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EMERGENCY EXIT MARKINGS (CS 26.110) a. Each passenger emergency emergency exit, its its means of access, and its means of opening is conspicuously marked. b. he identity and location of each passenger emergency exit is recognizable from a distance equal to the width of the cabin. c. Means are provided to assist the occupants in locating the exits in conditions of dense smoke. d. he location location of each passenger emergency exit is indicated by a sign visible to occupants approaching along the passenger aisles. Tere is: 1. A passenger emergency exit locator locator sign above above the aisle (or aisles) near each passenger pass enger emergency exit, or at another overhead location if it is more practical because of low headroom, except that one sign may serve more than one exit if each exit can be seen readily from the sign; 2. A passenger passenger emergen emergency cy exit marking sign sign next next to each passenger emergency exit, except that one sign may serve two such exits if they can both be seen readily from the sign; and 3. A sign on each bulk bulkhead head or divider that prevents fore and aft vision along the passenger cabin to indicate emergency exits beyond and obscured by the bulkhead or divider, except that if this is not possible, the sign may be placed at another appropriate location. Each sign listed in this sub-paragraph may use the word ‘exit’ in its legend in place of the term ‘emergency exit’ or a universal symbolic exit sign. Te design of the exit signs is chosen to provide a consistent set throughout the cabin. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool e. Te location of the operating handle and instr instructions uctions for opening exits from the inside of the aeroplane are clearly shown in the following manner: 1. Each passenge passengerr emergency exit has, on or near the exit, a marking that is readable from a distance of 76 cm (30 inches); 2. Each passenger emergency exit operating handle and the cover removal instructions, if the handle is covered, are: i. Self-illuminated with an initial brightness of at least 160 micro-lamberts (with the illumination level not decreasing in service serv ice to below 100 micro-lamberts); micro-lamber ts); or ii. Conspicuously located and well illuminated by the emergency lighting even in conditions of occupant crowding at the exit. 3. Al Alll ype II and larger passenger emergency exits with a lock locking ing mecha mechanism nism relea released sed by motion of a handle, are marked by a red arrow with a shaft at least 19 mm (0.75 inch) wide, adjacent to the handle, that indicates the full extent and direction of the unlocking motion required. Te word OPEN OPEN is horizontally situated adjacen adjacentt to the arrow head and is in red capital letters at least 25 mm (1 inch) high. Te arrow and word OPEN are located on a background which provides adequate contrast. ( Figure Figure 4-4 ) f. Each emergency exit that is openable from the outside, and its means of opening is marked on the outside of the aeroplane. In addition, the following apply: 1. he outside mark ing for for each passenger emergency exit in the side of the fuselage includes one 5 cm (2 inch) colored band outlining the exit. 2. Each outside marking including including the band, has color contrast to be readily distinguishable from the surrounding fuselage surface. ( Figure 4-5 )

Figure 4-5. Required external emergency exit markings.

INTERIOR EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND EMERGENCY EMERGENCY LIGHT OPERATION (CS 26.120) a. An emergency lighting system, independent of the main lighting system, is installed. However, sources of general cabin illumination may be common to both the emergency and the main lighting system if the power supply to the emergency lighting system is independent of the power supply to the main lighting system. Te emergency lighting system includes: 1. Illu minated emergenc y exit mark ing and locating signs, sources of general cabin illumination and interior lighting in emergency exit areas. 2. he f loor proximity emergency emergency escape path path marking provides emergency evacuation guidance for passengers when all sources of illumination more than 1.22 m (4 feet) above the cabin aisle floor are totally obscured. In the dark of the night, the floor proximity proximit y emergency escape path marking enables each passenger to; after leaving the passenger seat, visually identify the emergency escape path along the cabin aisle floor to the first exits or pair pai r of exits forward and aft of the seat. b. Except for for lights forming part of the emergency lighting, subsystems that serve no more than one assist means are automatically activated when the assist means is deployed. Each light required for interior and exterior emergency lighting: 1. Is operable manuall manuallyy both from the flight crew station and for aeroplanes on which a cabin crew member is required, from a point in the passenger compartment that is readily accessible from a normal cabin crew seat; 2. Has a means to to prevent inadvertent operation of the manual controls; 3. When armed or turned on at either station, remains lighted or becomes lighted upon interruption of the aeroplane’s normal electric power; 4. Provides the required level of illumination for at least 10 minutes at the critical ambient conditions after emergency landing; 5. Has a cockpit control device that has an ‘on’, ‘on’, ‘off’, and ‘armed’ position. c. Each sign required by Part 26.120 may may use a universal symbolic exit sign. Te design of the signs is chosen to provide a consistent set throughout the cabin. 4.15


Eng. M. Rasool

4.16



Question: 4-1

Question: 4-5

An __________ ____ ____________ ___________ _____ required if an a n operator wishes to engage in commercial air a ir transportation. transp ortation.

Te aircraft aircra ft ___________ _____ ____________ ________ identifies identifies the t he maintenance tasks.

Question: 4-2

Question: 4-6

W ho is re Who resp spons onsibl iblee for fo r t he cont inu inuing ing ai airr wor th thine iness ss of an aircraft?

Level 3 corrosion threatens structural integrity and requires an __________________ repair.

Question: 4-3

Question: 4-7

Te manufacturer’s manufactu rer’s maintenance planning document (MPD) aids operators in fulfilling their obligation to create and follow their own approved __________________.

What is an MEL? M EL?


Question: 4-4 A manufacturer’s manufactu rer’s MSG is a ________________ __________ ________ __ __________________ __________________.


4.17


Answer: 4-1

Answer: 4-5

Air Operator Oper ator Certificate (AOC). (AOC).

type certificate work. work.

Answer: 4-2

Answer: 4-6

owner.

immediate.

Answer: 4-3

Answer: 4-7

maintenance program.

Minimum equipment list. An operator shall not operate an airplane other than in accordance with the MEL.

Answer: 4-4 maintenance steering group.

4.18


Eng. M. Rasool


¦

LEVELS A B1 B2

Sub-Module 05 CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES


10.5 - Certification of Aircraft, Parts and Appliance Appliancess (a) General General understand understanding ing of Part-21 and EASA certi certification fication specific specifications ations CS-23, 25, 27, 29.

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1

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(b) Documents Certificate of Airwort Airworthiness; hiness; restricted certificates of airworth airworthiness iness and permit to fly; Certificate of Registration; Noise Certi Certificate; ficate; Weight Schedule; Radio Station License and Approva Approval.l.

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Level 1 A familiariz famil iariz ation with wit h the princ ipal elements of t he subject.

, T S F E A C R N C A I R I L A - P P N A O I D T N A A C I S F I T T R R E A P C

Level 2 A general k nowledge of t he theoretic al and practical prac tical aspects of the subjec t and an ability to apply that knowledge.

Objectives:

(a)) (a

Te applicant applicant should be familiar with the basic elements of the subject. (b) Te applicant should be able to give a simple description of the whole subjec t, using usin g common words and e xamples. (c)) Te applicant should be able to use typical terms. (c


Objectives:

(a)

Te applicant should be able to underst understand and the theoretic al fundamentals of the subject. (b) Te applicant should be able to give a general description of the subject using, as appropriate, typical examples. (c) Te applicant should be able to use mathematica l formula in conjunction with physical laws describing the subject. (d) Te applicant should be able to read and underst understand and sketches , drawings and schematics describing the subject. (e) Te applicant should be able to apply his knowled knowledge ge in a practica practicall manner using detailed procedures.

5.1

Eng. M. Rasool CERTIFICATION SPECIFICATIONS (CS) Certification Specifications (CS) are large documents wh ic ich h de deff in inee th e re qu ir em emen ents ts a nd ca capa pa bi bill it itie iess of aircraft in each category. Te content of a CS can be summed up as follows: • Performances (e.g (e.g.. climb gradients one engine inoperative) and handling qualities (e.g. static and dynamic stability, s tability, control force, etc.). etc.). • Struct Structure ure (e.g (e.g.. gusts envelope, maneuvers envelope, fatigue requirements, etc.) • Design and Construct Construction ion (e.g (e.g.. emergency evacuation provisions; fire protection, protect ion, etc.) • Powerplant Install Installation ation (e.g (e.g.. uncontained powerplant failure, fuel and oil system requirements, etc.) • Systems and Equipment (e.g (e.g.. systems safety analyses; requirements for electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic systems; required equipment for flight and navigation, etc.) • Manuals and limitations (e. (e.g. g. speed limitations, flight manual, continued airworthiness manual, etc.). h e req he requi uirem rement entss us usua uallllyy pre preven ventt un unsa safe fe cond iti itions ons (e.g. performance requirements with one engine inoperative). However some have been written to limit the consequences of such unsafe conditions (e.g. emergency evacuation to allow passengers escaping after a minor crash). Other requirements may be performance oriented (e.g. CS-25.1309 that broadly requires an inverse relationship between the probability probabilit y of a failure and its consequences) when others may impose design constraints constr aints (e.g. CS-25.807 CS-25.807 that defines the required number and types of emergency exist versus number of passen p assengers). gers). Te following are examples of Certi Certification fication Specificat Specification ion categories. SAILPLANES AND POWERED SAILPLANES (CS 22) his h is Ai r wor worth thine iness ss Co Code de is app appli licab cable le to sa sail ilpla pla nes and powered sailplanes in the utility U and aerobatic A categories: categor ies: • Sailplanes: the maximum weight of which does not exceed 750 kg; • Single engine (spark or compression ignit ion) powered sailplanes: the design value W/b 2 (weight to span 2) of which is not greater than 3(W[kg], 5.2

•

b[m]) and the maximum weight of which does not exceed 850 kg; Sailplanes Sailpl anes and powered sailpla sailplanes: nes: the number of occupants of which does not exceed two.

h osee re hos requ quir ireme ement ntss in CS CS–2 –222 wh whic ich h ap appl plyy on only ly to powered sailplanes are marginally annotated with the letter P. Requirements not so marked apply both to sailplanes and to powered sailplanes with engines stopped and engine or propeller retracted where appropriate. In these requirements the word ‘sailplane’ means both ‘sailplane’ and ‘powered sailplane’. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term ‘powered sailplane’ includes those powered sailplanes which may be incapable of complying with CS 22.51 and/or CS 22.65(a) and which must consequently be prohibited from taking off solely by means of their own power by a limitation in the Flight Manual. Tese are referred to in the text as ‘Self-Sustaining Powered Sailplanes’. For Self-Sustaining Powered Sailplanes the additional requirements in Appendix I are applicable. ( Figure Figure 5-1)

Figure 5-1. Sailplanes and powered sailplanes.

NORMAL, UTILITY AEROBATIC AEROBATIC AND COMMUTER AIRPLANES (CS 23) Tis Airwort A irworthiness hiness code is applicable to – • Air planes in the normal, utilit y and aerobatic categories that have a seating config uration, excluding the pilot seat(s), of nine or fewer and a maximum certificated take-off weight of 5670 kg (12 500 lb) or less; and • Propeller Propeller-driven -driven twin-engine airplanes in the commuter category category that have a seating configuration, config uration, excluding the pilot seat(s) of nineteen or fewer and a maximum certificated take-off weight of 8618 kg (199 000 (1 00 0 lb) or less. ( Figure 5-2) Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool SMALL ROTORCRA ROTORCRAFT FT (CS 27. 27.1) Tis Airworthiness Airwor thiness Code is applicable applicable to to small small rotorcraft with max maximum imum weights of 3 175 kg (7 000 0 00 lbs) or less and nine or less passenger seats.

Multi-engine rotorcraft may be type certificated as Category A provided the requirements referenced in Appendix C are a re met. ( Figure Figure 5-4 5- 4 ) Figure 5-2. Normal, utility aerobatic and commuter airplanes.

LARGE AIRPLANES A IRPLANES (CS 25) 25) he  he A ir wo worr t hi ne ness ss co code de is ap appl pl ic icab able le to a ir pl plaa ne ness powered with turbine engines: ( Figure 5-3 5- 3) • Without contingency thr thrust ust ratings, and • For which it is assumed that thr thrust ust is not increased following engine failure during take-off except as specified in sub-paragraph (c). Figure 5-4. Small rotorcraft.

LARGE ROTORCRAFT (CS 29.1) Tis Airworthiness Airwort hiness Code is applicable to large rotorcraft. rotorcraft. ( Figure 5-5 )

Figure 5-3. Large aircraft.

In the absence of an appropriate investigation of operational implications these requirements do not necessarily cover; • Automatic landings. • Approaches and landings with decision heights of less than 60 m (200 ft). • Operations on unprepared runway surfaces. If the airplane is equipped with an engine control system that automatically resets the power or thrust on the operating engine(s) when any engine fails during take-off, additional requirements pertaining to airplane performance and limitations and the functioning and reliability of the system, contained in Appendix I, must be complied with.


Figure 5-5. Large rotorcraft.

Large rotorcraft must be certificated in accordance with either the Category A or Category B requirements. A mult multi-eng i-engine ine rotorc rotorcraf raftt may be t yp ypee cer certi tificat ficated ed as both Category A and Category B w ith appropriate and different operating limitations l imitations for each category. • Rotorcraft with a max maximum imum weight greater than 9072 kg (20 000 pounds) and 10 or more passenger seats must be type certificated as Category A rotorcraft. rotorcraft. • Rotorcraft with a maxi maximum mum weight greater than 9072 kg (20 000 00 0 pounds) and nine or or less passenger seats may be typ e certif icated as Category Category B 5.3


Eng. M. Rasool

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•

rotorcraft provided the Category A requirements of Subparts C, D, E, and F are met. Rotorcraft with a maximum weight of 9072 kg (20 000 pounds) or less but with 10 or more passenger seats may be ty pe certif icated as Category Category B rotorcraft provided the Category A requirements of CS 29.67(a)(2), 29.87, 29.1517, and of Subparts C, D, E, and F are met. Rotorcraft with a maximum weight of 9072 kg (20 0000 pounds) or less and nine or less passenger seats 00 may be type certificated as Category B rotorcraft.

CS-VLA VERY LIGHT AIRPLANES h is a ir wo worr th in ines es s co code de is ap appl pl ic icab able le to ai r pl plaa ne ness with wit h a sin single gle eng engine ine (spa (spark rk or comp compres ression sion ig ignit nition) ion) having not more than two seats, with a Maximum

Figure 5-6. CS VLA airplane.

Certificated ake-off Weight of not more than 750 kg and a stalling speed in the landing configuration of not more than 83 km/h (45 knots)(CAS), to be Figure ure 55-66) approved for day-VFR only. ( Fig

PRODUCTION ORGANIZA ORGANIZ ATION APPROV A PPROVAL AL APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS APPROV (21A.145) Te pr prod oduc ucti tion on or orga ga ni niza zati tion on sh shaa ll de demon monst st ra rate te,, on the basis of the information submitted in accordance with wit h 21A.143 21 A.143 that t hat:: a. With regard to general approval approval requirements, requirements, facilities, working conditions, equipment and tools, processes and associated materials, number and competence compete nce of staff, and a nd general organization are adequate to discharge obligations under 21A.165. b. With regard to all necessary airworthiness, noise, fuel venting and exhaust emissions data: • Te production organization is in receipt of such data from the Agency, and from the holder of, or applicant for, the type-certificate, restricted type-certificate or design approval, to determine conformity with the applicable design data. • he production organization has established a procedure to ensure that airworthiness, noise, fuel venting and exhaust emissions data are correctly incorporated in its production data. • Such data are kept up to date and made available to all personnel who need access to such data to perform their duties. c. With regard to management and staff: • A manager has been nominated by the production organization, and is accountable to the Competent Authority. 5.4

His or her responsibility within the organization shall consist of ensuring that all production is performed to the required standards standa rds and that the production production organization organizat ion is continuously in compliance with the data and procedures identified in the exposition referred to in 21A.143. • A person or group of persons have been nominated by the production organization to ensure that the organization is in compliance with the requirements of this Part, and are identified, together with the extent of their authority. Such person(s) shall act under the direct authority of the accountable manager referred to in subparagraph. • he persons nominated shall be able to show the appropriate knowledge, background and experience to discharge their responsibilities. • Staff at al l levels have been given appropriate authority to be able to discharge their allocated responsibilities and that there is full and effective coordination within the production organization in respect of airworthiness, noise, fuel venting and exhaust emission data matters. d. With regard to certi certify fying ing staff, authorized by the production organization to sign the documents issued under 21A.163 under the scope or terms of approval: • he knowledge, backg background round (including other functions in the organization), organ ization), and experience of the certifying certify ing staff are a re appropriate appropriate to discharge their allocated responsibilities. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool •

•

Te production organization maintains a record of all certifying certif ying staff which shall includ includee details of the scope of their authorization. Certif ying staff are provided with evidence of the scope of their authorization.

PRIVILEGES (21A.163) Pursuant Pursua nt to the terms of approval issued under 21A.135, 21A.135, the holder of a production organization approval may: a. Perform production activities under this Part. b. In the case of complet completee aircraft and upon presentation of a Statement of Conformity (EASA Form 52) 52) under 21A.1774, obtain an aircraft certificate 21A.1 certi ficate of air airworthiness worthiness and a noise certificate without further showing. c. In the case of other products, parts or appliances issue authorized release certificates (EASA Form 1) under 21A.307 without further showing. d. Maintain a new aircraft that it has produced and issue a certificate of release to service (EASA Form 53) in respect of that maintenance. OBLIGATIONS OF THE HOLDER (21A.165) Te holder of a production production organization organiz ation approval shall: shal l: a. Ensure that the production organization exposition furnished in accordance with 21A.143 and the documents to which it refers, are used as basic working worki ng documents docu ments within wit hin the t he organizat orga nization. ion. b. M a i n t a i n t h e p r o d u c t i o n o r g a n i z a t i o n i n conformity with the data and procedures approved for the production organization approval. c. Determine that: • Each completed aircra aircraft ft conforms to the ty pe design and is in condition for safe operation prior to submitting Statements of Conformity to the Competent Authority, Authorit y, or

•

•

Other products, parts or appliances are complete and conform to the approved design data and are in condition for safe operation before issuing EASA Form 1 to certify airworthiness, a irworthiness, and additionally in case of engines, determine according to data provided by the engine typecertificate holder that each completed engine is in compliance with the applicable emissions requirements as defined in i n 21A.18 (b), (b), current at the date of manufacture of the engine, to certify emissions compliance, or Other products, part partss or appliances conform to the applicable data before issuing EASA Form 1 as a conformity certificate.

DURATION AND CONTINUED VALIDITY V ALIDITY (21A. (21A.159 159)) a. A production organiz organization ation approval shal shalll be issued for an unlimited duration. It shall remain valid unless: un less: • Te production organizat organization ion fails to demonstrate compliance with the applicable requirements of this Subpart; or • Te Competent Authority is prevented by the holder or any of its partners or subcontractors to perform the investigations in accordance with 21A.157; or • here is evidence that the production organization cannot maintain satisfactory control of the manufacture of products, parts or appliances under the approval; or • he production organi organization zation no longer meets the requirements of 21A.133; or • Te certi certificate ficate has been surrendered or revoked under 21B.245. b. Upon surrender or revocation, the certi certificate ficate shall be returned to the Competent Authority.

DESIGN ORGANIZATION ORG ANIZATION APPROVAL APPROVAL PART 21 – SUBPART SUBPART-J -J h  h i s S u bp a r t e s t a b l i s h e s t h e p r o c e d u r e fo r t h e approval of design organizations and rules governing the rights and obligations of applicants for, and holders of, such approvals.


APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS APPROV (21A.245) hee de h desi sign gn or orga ga ni niza zati tion on sh shaa l l de demon monst st ra rate te,, on th thee basis of the information submitted in accordance with 21A.243 that, in addition to complying with 21A.239: a. he staff in all technica l depar tments are of sufficient numbers and experience and have been given appropriate authority to be able to discharge 5.5


Eng. M. Rasool their allocated responsibilities and that these, together with the accommodation, facilities and equipment are adequate to enable the staff to achieve the airworthiness, noise, fuel venting and exhaust emissions objectives for the product. b. here is ful l and eff efficient icient coordination between departments and within departments in respect of airworthiness and environmental environmental prote protection ction matters. PRIVILEGES (21A.263) a. Te holder of a design organizat organization ion approval shal shalll be entitled to perform design activities under this Part and within its scope of approval. b. Subject to 21A.257(b), compliance documents submitted submi tted by the t he applicant for the purpose of obtaining: • A ty type-certi pe-certificate ficate or approval of a major change to a type design; or • A supplemental ty type-certi pe-certificate; ficate; or • An ESO (European echnical Standard Orders) authorization under 21A.602 21A .602 (b) (1); (1); • A major repair design approval; shall be accepted by the Agency without further verification. c. Te holder of a design organizat organization ion approval shal shalll be entitled, within its terms of approval and under the relevant procedures of the design assurance system: • o classif classifyy changes to ty type pe design and repairs as ‘major’ or ‘minor’. • o approve minor changes to to ty type pe design and minor repairs. • o issue information or instr instructions uctions containing the following statement: ‘Te technical content

•

•

of this document is approved under the authorit y of DOA nr. [EASA]. J. [xyz]. o approve documentary changes to the aircra aircraft ft flight manual, and issue such changes containing the following statement: ‘Revision nr. xx to AFM AF M ref. yy y, is approved under the authorit authorityy of DOA nr.[EASA].J.[xyz]. o approve the desig n of major repa irs to products for for which it holds the type-certificate ty pe-certificate or the supplemental type-certificate.

DURATION AND CONTINUED VALIDITY V ALIDITY (21A.259 (21A.259)) a. A design organization organization approval approval shall be issued for an unlimited duration. It shall remain valid unless: • he design organization fails to demonstrate compliance with the applicable requirements of this Subpart; or • Te Agency is prevented by the holder or any of its partners or subcontractors to perform the investigations in accordance with 21A.257; or • here is evidence that the design assura nce system cannot maintain satisfactory control and supervision of the design of products or changes thereof under the approval; or • Te certific certificate ate has been surrendered or revoked under the applicable administrative procedures established by the Agency. b. Upon surrender or revocation, the certific certificate ate shal shalll be returned to the Agency.

DOCUMENTS A C e r t i f i c a t e o f A i r w o r t h i n e s s (C o f A ), o r a n airworthiness certificate, is issued for an aircraft by the national aviation authority in the state in which the aircraft aircraf t is registered registered.. Te airworthiness certificate attests that the aircraft is air worthy insofar insofar as the aircraft ai rcraft conforms confo rms to its type ty pe design. Each airworthiness air worthiness certificate is issued in one of a number of different categories. TYPE CERTIFICATES SCOPE

A type certificate is issued to signify the airworthiness of an aircraft manufacturing manufact uring design. Te certificate is issued by a regulating body body,, and once issued, the design cannot can not 5.6

be changed. Te certificate certi ficate reflects a determination made by the regulating body that the aircraft is manufactured according to an approved design, and that the design ensures compliance with airworthiness requirements. he reg regulat ulating ing body compar compares es desig design n docu documents ments and processes to determine if the design meets requirements established for the type of equipment. Once issued, the aircraft "type" meets appropriate requirements. requirements. he determination process process includes a step called "First Article A rticle Inspection", for it and for each of its subassemblies. Tis is a quality control assessment whereas those prior to it are part of quality assurance.


Eng. M. Rasool With resp respect ect to "cannot be cha changed nged": ": When a tech technicia nician n wants to change c hange someth something ing it has h as two options. One is to request a Supplemental ype Certificate (SC), the other is to create an entirely different design. Te choice is determined by considering whether or not the change constitutes a new design (ie. introduces risk not considered in the first design). If the manufacturer believes the change doesn't introduce new risk the manufacturer typically requests an SC. Tis is less expensive. If the regulatory authority agrees with the rationale for choosing SC, the SC is granted. g ranted.  h e t y p e c e r t i f i c a t e (  C) i mp l ie s t h a t a i r c r a f t h manufactured according to the approved design can be issued an Airworthiness Certificate. Examples of regulatory authorities are the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the (European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). oo meet those requirements the aircr  aircraft aft and each subassembly must also be approved. When aircraft are produced to meet a given C, each one need not be tested as rigorously but the confidence demonstrated by the C is conferred, when the aircraft has been assigned an Airworthiness Air worthiness Certificate. Certificate. ( Figure Figure 5-7 )

Figure 5-7. Example of a type certificate. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

A n "Ai r wo An worr t h in es s Ce Cerr t i f ic at ate" e" is is su sued ed fo forr ea ch aircraft that is properly registered if it conforms to its type design. he airworthiness certificate is valid va lid and the ai aircr rcraf aftt may be ope operate rated d as long as it is maintained in accordance with the r ules issued by the regulatory authority authority.. VALIDITY VAL IDITY

Te t yp ypee cer ti tifica ficate te hold holder er kee keeps ps th thee t yp ypee cer certi tifica ficate te vaa l i d b y c o n t i n u o u s l y f o l l o w i n g a i r w o r t h i n e s s v directives, issuing service bulletins and as well as providing spares and technical support to keep the aircraft current with the prevailing rules, even after the production of the type has stopped. Tis is what is meant by supporting the type and in this manner many out-of-production aircraft continue useful lives. SCs are also bound by the same rules. When the holder decides to stop supporting the aircraft type, the type certificate is returned to the regulators and the remaining aircraft fleet permanently grounded. In this manner the whole Concorde fleet was finally final ly grounded when Airbus A irbus SAS S AS surrender su rrendered ed its t yp ypee certifi cer tificate. cate. SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATES A supplemen supplemental tal type certificate (SC) (SC) is issued following a modification. he SC defines the product design change, states how the modification affects the existing type design, and lists serial number affectivity. It also identifies the certification basis listing specific regulatory regul atory compliance for the design change. c hange. Information contained in the certification basis is helpful for those applicants proposing subsequent product modifications and evaluating certification basis compa compatibility tibility with other SC modifications. ( Figure 5-8 )

Initially, the applicant firm submits documents to their local aviation regulating body, detailing how the proposed design, i.e., the 'ype', would fulfill the airworthiness requirements. After investigations by the regulator, the final approval of such documents (after the required comments comments and amendm a mendments ents in order to fulfill fu lfill the laws), becomes the basis of the certification. he firm follows it and draws draw s a proposed timetable of actions required for certification tests. With the application, the regulations to be applied will usually be frozen for this application for a given amount of time in order to avoid a situation where the applicant would have to change the design as a result of changed regulation. 5.7


Eng. M. Rasool In parallel with aircraft testing, the applicant firm also draws up maintenance program to support continuous airworthiness after approval of the design. Te program is drawn with inputs from tests results and also from initial customers' engineering departments. he proposed maintenance program is submitted to the regulators for comment and approval. Af ter successf After successful ul completion of ground g round and flight tests, along with an approved maintenance program, the prototype is approved, and the firm is granted the type certificate for the prototype (as understood understood that it should include all furnished equipment for its intended role). role). Te legal term for the firm is now the "type certificate holder". holder". Subsequently the prototype now serves as a template for aircraft production. Hence the aircraft rolling out of the factory should be identical to the prototype, and each given a serial number (a (a "series aircraft").

Figure 5-8. Example of a supplemental type certificate.

An initial design sample known k nown as a prototype prototy pe is built. his h is ref refer erss to eit either her th thee ai rcr rcraf aft, t, th thee eng ine iness or th thee propeller, depending on the basis of the certification. cert ification. For the purpose of illustration, the discussion shall shal l be limited to the aircraft. Normally a few prototypes are built, each subject to different tests. Te prototypes are a re first used for ground and system tests. One of the prototypes (known as the "static airframe") is subject to destructive testing, i.e., the prototype is subject to stress beyond normal and abnormal operations until destruction. Te test-results are compared with initial submitted calculations to establish establis h the ultimat ultimatee structural structura l strength. Other prototypes will undergo other systems tests until the satisfaction of the regulators. With all ground tests completed, prototypes are made ready for flight tests. he flight f light tests are flown f lown by specially approved approved flight test pilots who will fly the prototypes to establish the ultimate flight limits which should be within the airworthiness rules. If a long range airliner is tested, the flight tests may cover the whole world.

5.8

CERTIFICATES OF AIRWORTHINESS Airwor Ai rworthi thiness ness certifi cer tificates cates shal sh alll be classifi cla ssified ed as follows: fol lows: ( Figure 5-9) a. Certif icates of airworth iness shall be issued to aircraft which conform to a type certificate that has been issued in accordance with this Part. b. Restricted certif icates of air worthiness shall be issued to aircraft: • Which conform to a restricted ty type pe certificate that has been issued in accordance with this Part; or • Whic h have been shown to the Agency to comply with specific certification specifications ensuring adequate safety. c. Permits to fly shal shalll be be issued to aircra aircraft ft that do not meet, or have not been shown to meet, applicable certification specifications but are capable of safe flight under defined conditions. d. Each applicatio application n for for a certificate of of airworthiness or restricted certificate of airworthiness shall include: • Te class of air airworthines worthinesss certific certificate ate applied for; • With regard to new aircra aircraft: ft: A statement of conformity: conformity: • Issued under 21A.163(b 21A.163(b), ), or • Issued under 21A.130 and val idated by the Competent Authority, or, • for an imported aircra ft, a statement signed by the exporting authority that the aircraft conforms to a design approved by the Agency à


Eng. M. Rasool

Figure 5-9. Example of airworthiness certificate.

A weight and balance bala nce report with w ith a loading schedule. he f lig light ht manu manual al,, when requ require ired d by the applicable airworthiness code for the particular aircraft. e. With regard to used aircra aircraft: ft: • Orig inati ng from a Member State, an airworthiness review certif icate issued in accordance with Part-M. • Originating from a nonnon-Member Member State: A st state atement ment by th thee com compe peten tentt aut author hor it ityy of the State where the aircraft is, or was, registered, reflecting the airworthiness status of the aircraft on its register at time of transfer. A weight and balance bala nce report with w ith a loading schedule. he f li light ght man manua uall when suc such h mate materi rial al is required by the applicable airworthiness code for the particular aircraft. Historical records to establish the production, modification, and maintenance standard of the aircraf t, including all limitation limitationss associated with a restricted certificate of airworthiness under 21A.184(c). A re recom commen mendat dat ion for th thee is issu suan ance ce of a certificate of airworthiness or restricted certificate of airworthiness and an airworthiness review certificate following an airworthiness air worthiness review in accordance accordance with Part-M. à

à

A n ai r wor th in An ines es s ce cerr ti f ic icat atee sh shaa l l be is issu sued ed for an unlimited duration. It shall remain valid subject to: • Compliance with the applicable ty pe-design and continuing airworthiness requirements; and • Te aircra aircraft ft remaining on the same register; and • he ty type-certif pe-certif icate or restricted ty type-certif pe-certificate icate under which it is issued not being previously invalidated under 21A.51. • he certif icate not being surrendered or revoked under 21B.330.

à

à

à

à

à


RESTRICTED CERTIFICATES OF AIRWORTHINESS a. he competent competent authority of the Member Member State of registry shall issue a restricted certificate of airworthiness for: ( Figure Figure 5-10) • New aircraf t, upon presentation of the documentation required by 21A.174(b)(2) demonstrating that the aircraft conforms to a design approved by the Agency under a restricted type-certificate or in accordance wit h sp spec ecifi ificc cer ti tific ficati ation on sp spec ecifi ificat cat ions ions,, an and d is in condition for safe operation. • Used airc raf t, upon presentation of the documentation required by 21A.174(b)(3) demonstrating: Te aircraf a ircraftt conforms to a design approved by the Agency under a restricted type certificate or in accord accordance ance with specif ic certification specifications, and Te applicable airworthiness airworth iness directives directive s have been complied with, and à

à

5.9


Eng. M. Rasool

Figure 5-10. Example of restricted airworthiness certificate.

Figure 5-11. 5-11. Examples of permits to fly.

5.10


Eng. M. Rasool Te aircra aircraft ft has been inspected in accordance with the appropriate provisions of Part-M; W he n t he co mp et en t au t ho r it y of t he Member State of registry is satisfied that the aircraft aircra ft conforms to the approved design and is in condition for safe operation. Tis may include inspections by the competent authority of the Member State of registry. b. For an aircraft that cannot comply with the essential requirements referred to in the basic Regulation Regu lation and which is not eligible for a restricted restr icted type-certi ty pe-certificate, ficate, the Agency shall, as necessary to take account of deviations from these essential requirements: • Issue and check compliance with specif ic certification specifications ensuring adequate safety with regard to the intended use, and • Specif Specifyy limitations for use of this aircra aircraft. ft. c. Limitations for use wil willl be associated with restricted certificates of airworthiness including airspace restrictions restrict ions as necessary to take account of deviations from essential requirements for airworthiness laid down in the basic Regulation. à

à

PERMITS TO FLY he  he co comp mp et eten entt au autt ho horr it y of t he Me Memb mber er St at atee of registry shall issue a permit to fly after the Agency has found that the aircraft and appropriate associated restrictions compensating for departure from the essential requirements permit the aircraft to perform per form safely a basic flight. For that purpose, the Agency may make or require the applicant to make appropriate inspections or tests necessary to ensure safety. ( Figure Figure 5-11) AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION REGISTRATION An aircraf aircraftt registration regist ration is a unique alphanumeric string st ring that identifies a civil aircraft, in similar fashion to a license plate on an automobile. In accordance with the Convention Conven tion on International International Civil Aviation all aircraft

must be registered with a national aviation authority and they must carry proof of this registration in the form of a legal document called a Certificate of Registration at all times when in operation. Most countries also require the aircraft registration to be imprinted on a permanent fireproof plate mounted on the fuselage for the purposes of post-fire/post-crash aircraft accident investigation. he f irst use of aircra a ircraft ft regist registrations rations was based on the t he radio call signs allocated at the London International Radiotelegraphic Conference in 1913. Tis was modified by agreement by the International Bureau at Berne and published on April 23, 1913. Although initial allocations were not not specifically specifically for for aircraft aircraft but for for any any radio user user,, the International Air Navigation Convention held in Paris in 19199 made allocations 191 al locations specifically for aircraft aircraf t registrations, based on the 1913 call sign list. Te agreement stipulated that the nationality marks were to be followed by a hyphen then a group of four letters that must include a vowel (and for the convention Y was considered to be a vowel). At th thee Int Inter ernat nat ion ional al Ra Radi diote otele legr graph aph Con Conven venti tion on at Washington Washin gton in 1927, the lis listt of mark ings was rev revised ised and adopted from 1928; 1928; these allocations al locations are the basis of the currently used registrations. Te markings have been amended and added to over the years, and a nd the allocations and standard are managed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). (ICAO). Ar ticle 20 Article 2 0 of the Chicago Chica go Convention on Internationa Intern ationall Civil Aviation (signed in 1944) requires that all signatory countries register aircra ft over a certain weight with wit h a nati nationa onall avi aviation ation author ity. Upon reg regist istrat ration, ion, the aircraft receives its unique "registration", which must be displayed prominently on the aircraft. A nnex Ann ex 7 to th thee Co Conv nvent ent ion on Int Inter er na nati tion onaa l Civ il Av ia t io ion n de s c r ib e s t he de f i n it io ions ns , lo c at io n, a nd

Figure 5-12. Example of national aircraft registration prefixes; SX for Greece, UP for Kazakhstan, N for United States.


5.11


Eng. M. Rasool measurement of nationality and registration marks. Te aircra a ircraft ft registr registration ation is made up of a prefix selected from the country's call sign prefix allocated by the International elecommunication Union (IU) (making the registration a quick way of determining the country of origin) and the registration suffix. Depending on the country of registration, this suffix is a numeric or alphanumeric code, and consists of one to five digits or characters respectively. he ICAO prov p rovides ides a suppl supplement ement to An Annex nex 7 whic which h provides an updated list of approved Nationality and Common Marks used by various countries. ( Figure 5-12 5-12) NOISE CERTIFICATION Te ICAO has stipulated stipu lated that all aircra aircrafts fts must comply with certai certain n noise requirements. Aircraf A ircrafts ts must respect a noise threshold defined and if not they could be forbidden to fly over certain areas. In the past some aircrafts equipped with old jet engines had to retrofitted with noise reduction devices (Hush kits).

 he E A SA ha s fo he forr ma l iz ed no nois is e re qu ir em emen ents ts in Certification Specifications Speci fications for Aircraft Noise - CS-36. hes h es e re requ quir ir em emen ents ts ma ke re refe fere renc nces es to th e ICAO Environmental echnical Manual on the Use of Procedures in the Noise Certification of Aircraft, CAEP Steering Group Approved Revision 7. For new aircraft, the noise certification is carried out during the type certification process. Noise measurement must be taken from various points and locations prescribed by the regulation. ( Figure Figure 5-13)

Tere are three measures: • Approach measurement. • akeoff measurement. • Lateral reference point measurement. Te maximum ma ximum mass ma ss at which the t he noise compliance has been demonstrated must be stated on the noise certificate. WEIGHT SCHEDULE SCHEDULE a. An operator operator shall ensure that during during any phase of of operation, the loading, mass and centre of gravity of the airplane complies with the limitations specified in the approved Airplane Flight Manual, or the Operations Manual if more restrictive. b. An operator must establish the mass and the center center of gravity of any airplane by actual weighing prior to initial entry into service and thereafter at intervals of 4 years if individ individual ual airplane air plane masses are used and 9 years if fleet masses are used. he accumulated effects of modifications and repairs on t he mass and balance must be accounted for and properly documented. Furthermore, airplanes must be reweighed if the effect of modifications on the mass and balance is not accurately known. c. An operator must determine the mass mass of all operating items and crew members included in the airplane dry operating mass by weighing or by using standard masses. Te influence of their position on the airplane center of gravity must be determined. d. An operator must establish the mass of the traffic load, including any ballast, by actual weighing or determine the mass of the traffic load in accordance with wi th st stan anda da rd pa pass ssen enge gerr an and d ba bagg ggag agee ma mass sses es as specified in OPS 1.620.

Figure 5-13. Ground noise measurement locations, example of a noise certificate.

5.12


Eng. M. Rasool e. An operator operator must must determine determine the mass of the fuel load by using the actual density or, if not known, the density calculated in accordance with a method specified in the Operations Manual. MASS AND BALANCE DOCUMENT DOCUMEN TATION (AIR OPERA OPER ATIONS 1.625) a. An operator operator shal l establish mass and balance documentation prior to each flight specifying the load and its distribution. he mass and balance documentation must enable the commander to determine that the load and its distribution is such that the mass and balance limits of the airplane are not exceeded. he person preparing the mass and balance documentation must be named on the document. Te person supervising the loading of the airplane must confirm by signature that the load and its distribution are in accordance with the mass and balance documentation. Tis document must be acceptable to the commander, his/her acceptance being indicated by countersignature or equivalent. b. An operator operator must specif specifyy procedures for last minute minute changes to the load. c. Subject to the approval of of the Authority, Authority, an operator operator may use an alternative to the procedures required by paragraphs parag raphs (a) and (b) above. d. Determination of the Dry Operating Mass of of

an Airplane; • New airplanes are normally weighed at the factory and a re eligible to be placed into operation without reweighing if the mass and balance records have been adjusted for alterations or modifications to the airplane. Airpl Ai rplane aness tra transfer nsferred red from one oper operator ator wit with h an approved mass control program to another operator with an approved program need not be weighed prior to use by the receiv receiving ing operator unless more than 4 years have elapsed since the last weighing. • Te individual mass and center of gravit gravityy (CG (CG)) position of each airplane shall be re-established periodically. he maximum interval between two weighings must be defined by the operator and must meet the requirements of OPS 1.605 (b). In addition, the mass and the CG of each airplane shall be re-established either by: Weighing; Weig hing; or Calculation, if the operator is able to provide the necessary justification to prove the validity of the method method of calculation calculation chosen, whene whe never ver th thee cu cumu mulat lat ive ch chan ange gess to th thee dry operating mass exceed ± 0.5 % of the maximum landing mass of the cumulative change in CG position exceeds 0.5% of the mean aerodynamic chord. à à

Figure 5-14. Example of Radiotelephony Operator’s License. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

5.13


Eng. M. Rasool Mass and balance documentation must contain the following information: • Te airplane registrati registration on and type; • Te flight identification number and date; • Te identity of the Commander; • Te iden identity tity of the person who prepared the documen document; t; • Te dry operating mass and the corresponding CG of the airplane; • Te mass of the fuel at takeoff and the mass of trip fuel; fuel; • Te mass of consumables other than fuel; • Te componen components ts of the load including passengers, baggage, freight and ballast; • ake-off Mass, Landing Mass and Zero Fuel Mass; • Te load distribution; • Te applicable air airplane plane CG positions; and • Te limiting mass and CG values.

RADIO STATION LICENSE AND APPROVAL APPROV AL he  he re qu i re me ment nt to ha ve ra d io l ic en se s or ig in at atee from the International elecommunication Union (IU), an international organization responsible to manage the allocation of radio frequencies. Tey are also responsible to regulate the use of transmitting equipment with a view to ensure they operate within acceptable tolerances. ( Figure Fig ure 5-14 )

 he Co nv en he entt io ion n on In Inte te r na t io iona na l Ci Civv i l Av ia t io ion n requires (Article 30) that the transmitting equipment equipment be installed and operated in an aircraft in accordance with wi th a ra radi dioo li lice cens nsee an and d th at (A (Art rt ic icle le 29) th thee ra radi dioo license be carried on board the aircraft. Te ICAO documents do not provide prov ide a detailed deta iled listi l isting ng of equipment to be mentioned on a radio license. However,, al l tra nsmitting radio equipment (VHF, However HF, EL EL, radar, etc.) instal led on an aircraf aircraftt should be covered in the radio license. APPROVAL APPRO VAL

Ap pr prov ov a l w i l l be in ac co cord rd an ce w it h t he na natt io iona na l authorities regulations of the country of the applicant.

5.14



5-11 Question: 5-

Question: 5-5

An engine-driven engine-d riven fixed-wing aircraft ai rcraft heavier heav ier than air that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings is the definition of an ?

An aircraft airc raft is a unique alphanumeric alphanum eric string that identifies a civil aircraft.

Question: 5-2

Question: 5-6

of Part 21 establishes the procedure for issuing type-certificates for products and restricted type-certificates for aircraft, and establishes the rights and a nd obligations of the applicants for, and holders of, those certificates.

Te three measurements measu rements taken during noise certification certificatio n of an aircraft are , and measurements.

Question: 5-3

Question: 5-7

Te holder of a production production organization organiz ation approval was required to submit an to the Agency to gain gai n such approval and to use as a basic working document within the t he organization.

Te international organization organi zation responsible for managing the allocation of radio frequencies is the __________________ __________________ __________________.

, , T S F E A C R N C A I R I L A - P P N A O I D T N A A C I S F I T T R R E A P C

Question: 5-4 shall be issued to aircraft that do not meet, or have not been shown to meet, applicable certification specifications but are capable of safe flight under defined conditions.


5.15


Answer: 5-1

Answer: 5-5

airplane.

registration.

Answer: 5-2

Answer: 5-6

Subpart-B.

approach. takeoff. lateral reference point.

Answer: 5-3

Answer: 5-7

exposition.

International elecommunications Union.

Answer: 5-4 Permits to fly.

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Eng. M. Rasool


¦

LEVELS A B1 B2

Sub-Module 06 CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS


10.6 - Continuing Airworthiness

2

2

2

Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to continuing airworthiness. Detailed understanding of Part-M.

Level 2 A general knowledge k nowledge of t he theoretic al and prac tical aspects a spects of t he subject and an ability to apply that k nowledge.

S S G E N I N I U H N I T T R O N O W R C I A

Objectives:

(a)) (a



6.1

Eng. M. Rasool PART 21 GENERAL PROVISIONS SCOPE General provisions governing the rights and a nd obligations of the applicant for, and holder of, any certificate issued or to be issued in accordance. UNDERTAKING Te actions and obligations obligations required to be undertaken by the holder of, or applicant for, a certificate certi ficate for a product, part or appliance under this Section may be undertaken on its behalf by any other natural or legal person, provided the holder of, or applicant for, that certificate can show that it has made an agreement with the other person such as to ensure that the holder's obligations are and will be properly discharged. FAILURES, MALFUNCTIONS AND DEFECTS a. System for Collection, Investigation and Analy Analysis sis of Data. • he holder of a ty pe-certif icate, restricted type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, European echnical Standard Order (ESO) authorization, major repair design approval or any other relevant approval deemed to have been issued under this Regulation shall have a system for collecting, investigating and analyzing reports of and information related to failures, malfunctions, defects or other occurrences which whic h caus causee or might cause adver adverse se effect effectss on the continuing airworthiness of the product, part or appliance covered by the type-certificate, restricted t ype-certif icate, supplemental supplemental type-certif icate, ESO authorization, major repair design approval or any other relevant approval deemed to have been issued under this Regulation. Information about this system shall be made available to all known operators of the product, part or appliance and, on request, to any person authorized under other associated implementing Regulations. b. Reporting to the Agency. • he holder of a ty pe-certif icate, restricted type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, ESO authorization, major repair design approval or any other relevant approval deemed to have been issued under this Regulation shall report to the Agency any failure, malfunction, 6.2

defect or other occurrence of which it is aware related to a product, part, or appliance covered by the type-certificate, restricted type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, ESO authorization, major repair design approval or any other relevant approval deemed to have been issued under this Regulation, and which has resulted res ulted in or may result in an a n unsafe condition. • hese reports shall be made in a form and manner established by the Agency, as soon as practical and in any case dispatched not later than 72 hours after the identification of the possible unsafe condition, unless exceptional circumstances prevent this. c. Investigation of Reported Occurrences. • When an occurrence reported under paragraph (b), or under 21A.129(f)(2) or 21A.165(f) (2) results from a deficiency in the design, or a manufacturing deficiency, the holder of the type-certificate, restricted type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, major repair design approval, ESO authorization, or any other relevant approval deemed to have been issued under this Regulation, or the manufacturer as appropriate, shall investigate the reason for the deficiency and report to the Agencyy the Agenc t he result resultss of its invest investigation igation and any action it is taking or proposes to take to correct that deficiency. • If the Agency finds that an action is required to correct the deficiency, the holder of the type-certificate, restricted type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, major repair design approval, ESO authorization, or any other relevant approval deemed to have been issued under this Regulation, or the manufacturer as appropriate, shall submit the relevant data to the Agency. AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVES a. An airworthiness directive means a documen documentt issued or adopted by the Agency which mandates actions to be performed on an aircraft to restore an acceptable level of safety, when evidence shows that the safety level of this aircraft may otherwise be compromised. compromised.


Eng. M. Rasool b. Te Agency shall issue issue an airworthiness directive when: • An unsafe condition has been determined by the Agency to exist in an aircraft, as a result of a deficiency in the aircraft, aircra ft, or an engine, propeller, part or appliance installed on this aircraft; and a nd • hat condition is likel likelyy to exist or develop in other aircraft. c. When an airworthiness directive directive has to be issued by the agency to correct the unsafe unsa fe condition condition referred to in paragraph B or to require the performance of an inspection, the holder of the type-certificate, restricted type-certif icate icate,, suppl supplemen emental tal typecertif icate, major major repair design approval, ESO authorization or any other relevant approval deemed to have been issued under this Regulation, shall: • Propose the appropriate corrective action or

required inspections, inspect ions, or both, both, and submit details of these proposals to the Agency for approval. • Following the approval by the Agency of the proposals referred to under subparagraph (1), (1), make available to all known operators or owners of the product, part or appliance and, on request, to any person required to comply with the airworthiness airworth iness directive, appropriate descriptive data and accomplishment instructions. d. An airworthiness directive shall contain contain at least the following information: • An identification of the unsafe condition; • An identification of the affected aircra aircraft; ft; • Te action(s action(s)) required; • Te compliance time for the required action(s action(s); ); • Te date of entry into force.

PART-M Te pur purpose pose of the Part-M is to define the role of the t he competent authority which shall be for the: • Oversight of the continuing air worthiness of individual aircraft and the issue of airworthiness review certificates; • Oversight of a maintenance organizat organization ion as specified in M.A. Subpart-F; • Oversight of a continuing air airworthines worthinesss management organization as specified in M.A. Subpart-G; • Approval of maintenance programs.

b.

GENERAL – SUBPART-A SCOPE (MA 101)

h is Sec his Section tion est establ ablishe ishess the mea measur sures es to be ta taken ken to ensure that airworthiness is maintained, including maintenance. It also specifies the conditions to be met by the persons or organizations involved in such continuing airworthiness management.

c. d.

ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNT ABILITY – SUBPART SUBPART-B -B RESPONSIBILITIES (MA 201 201))

a. he owner is resp onsible for the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft and shall ensure that no flight takes place unless: 1. he aircraf t is maintained in an airworthy condition, and;


e.

2. Any operat ional and emergency equipment fitted is correctly installed and serviceable or clearly identified as unserviceable, and; 3. Te airworthiness certificate remains valid, and; 4. he maintenance maintenance of the aircraft is performed in accordance with the approved maintenance program as specified in M.A.302. When the aircraf aircraftt is leased, the responsibilities of of the owner are transferred to the lessee if: 1. he lessee is stipulated on the registration document, or; 2. Detai led in the leasing contract. When reference is made in this Part to the ‘owner’, the term owner covers the owner or the lessee, as applicable. Any person or organization performing maintenance shall be responsible for the tasks performed. Te pilot-in-command pilot-in-command or, in the case of commercial air transport, the operator shall be responsible for the satisfactory accomplishment of the pre-flight inspection. his inspection must be carried out by the pilot or another qualified person but need not be carried out by an approved maintenance organization or by Part-66 certifying staff. In order to satisfy the responsibilities of parag paragraph raph (a (a), ),

6.3


Eng. M. Rasool f.

g.

h.

i.

j.

k.

6.4

he owner of an aircraf t may contract the tasks associated with continuing airworthiness to a continuing airworthiness management organization approved in accordance with Section A,, Su A Subp bpaa r t-G of th is A nn nnee x (P (Paa r t-M) t-M).. In th is case, the continuing airworthiness management organization assumes responsibility for the proper accomplishment of these tasks. An owner who decides to manage the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft under its own responsibility, without a contract in accordance with Appendix I, may nevertheless make make a limited contract wit w it h a co cont nt in u in g a i r wo worr t h i ne ss ma na ge me ment nt organization approved in accordance with Section A,, Su A Subp bpaa r t-G of th is A nn nnex ex (P (Par ar t-M t-M), ), for th e development developme nt of the maintenance program and its approval in accordance with point M.A.302. In that case, the limited contract transfers the responsibility for the development and approval of the maintenance ma intenance program to the contracted continuing airworthiness management organization. In the case of large aircraft, in order order to to satisfy satisfy the responsibilities of paragraph (a) the owner of an aircraft shall ensure that the tasks associated with continuing airworthiness are performed by an approved continuing air worthiness managemen managementt organization. A written contract shall be made in accordance with Appendix I. In this case, the continuing airworthiness management organization assumes responsibility responsibilit y for the proper accomplishment accomplishment of these tasks. Maintenance of large aircr aft, aircr aft used for commercial air transport and components thereof shall be carried out by a Part-145 approved maintenance organization. In the case of commercial air transport t ransport the operator is responsible for the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft it operates and shall: 1. Be approved, as part of the air operator certificate issued by the competent authority, pursuant to M.A. Subpart-G for the aircraft it operates; and 2. Be approved in accorda accordance nce with Part-145 Part-145 or contract such an organization; and 3. Ensure that parag paragraph raph (a (a)) is satisfied. When an operator operator is requested by by a Member State to hold a certificate for commercial operations, other than for commercial air transport, it shall:’

l.

1. Be appropriately approved, pursuant to M.A. Subpart-G, for the management of the continuing contin uing air worthiness of the ai rcraft it operates or contract such an organization; and 2. Be appropriately approved in accordance with M.A. Subpart-F or Part-145, or contract such organizations; and 3. Ensure that parag paragraph raph (a (a)) is satisfied. Te owner/ owner/operator operator is responsible for granting the competent authority access to the organization/ aircraft to determine continued compliance with this Part.

OCCURENCE REPORTING (MA 202)

a. Any person or organ izat ion respons ible in accordance accord ance with point M.A.201 sha ll report to the competent authority designated by the State of Registry, the organization responsible for the type design or supplemental type design and, if applicable, the Member State of operator, any identified condition of an aircraft or component which endangers enda ngers flight fl ight safety. safet y. b. Reports shall be made in a manner established by the Agency and contain all a ll pertinent per tinent information about the condition known to the person or organization. c. Where the person person or organization maintaining the aircraft is contracted by an owner or an operator to carry out maintenance, the person or the organization maintaining the aircraft shall also report to the owner, the operator or the continuing airworthiness manageme management nt organization any such condition affecting the owner's or the operator's aircraft or component. d. Reports shall be made as soon as practicable, but in any case within 72 hours of the person or organization identify identifying ing the condition to which the report relates. CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS SUBPART-C CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS TASKS (MA 301)

 h e a i r c r a f t c o nt i n u i n g a i r w o r t h i n e s s a n d t h e serviceability of both operational and emergency equipment shall be ensured by: a. Te accomplishment of pre-flight inspections; b. he rectif ication in accordance with the data specified in point M.A.304 and/or point M.A.401, as applicable, of any defect and damage affecting Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool

c.

d.

e.

f. g.

safe operation, taking into account, for all large aircraft or aircraft used for commercial commercial air transport, the minimum equipment list and configuration deviation list as applicable to the aircraft type’; he accomplishment of al l maintenance , in accordance with the M.A.302 approved aircraft maintenance program; For all large aircraft or aircra aircraft ft used for commercial air transport the analysis of the effectiveness of the M.A.302 approved maintenance program; Te accomplishment of any applicable: 1. Airworthiness directive, 2. Operational directive with a continuing airworthiness impact, 3. Continued air airworthiness worthiness requirement established by the Agency, 4. Measures mandated by the competent competent authority in immediate reaction to a safety problem; Te accomplishment of modifications and repairs in accordance accor dance with M.A.304; For non-mandator y modi f ications and/or inspections, for all large aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air transport the establishment of an embodimentt policy; embodimen policy ; 8. maintenance check flights when necessary. necessar y.

d.

MAINTENANCE PROGRAM (MA 302)

a. Maintenance of each aircraft shall be be organized in accordance with an aircraft maintenance program. b. he aircraft maintenance program program and any subsequent amendments shall be approved by the competent authority. c. When the con continuing tinuing airworthiness of of the aircraft is is managed by a continuing continuing airworthiness air worthiness management organization approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart-G of this Annex (Part-M), the aircra aircraft ft maintenance program and its amendmen amendments ts may be approved through an indirect approval procedure. 1. In that case, the indirect approval procedure shall be established by the continuing airwort hiness management organization as part of the Continuing Airworthiness Management Exposition and shall be approved by the competent authority responsible for that continuing air worthiness management organization. 2. he contin continuing uing airworth iness managemen managementt organization shall not use the indirect approval procedure when this organization is not under Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

e.

f.

g.

the oversight of the Member State of Registry, unless an agreement exists in accordance with wi th po point int M.1 M.1,, pa ra ragr gr aph 4(i i) or 4(i ii) ii),, as applicable, transferring the responsibility for the approval of the aircraf t maintenance program to the competent authority responsible for the contin continuing uing a irworthiness manageme management nt organization. Te aircraft maintenance program must establish compliance with: 1. Instruct Instructions ions issued by the competent authority; 2. Instruct ions for continuing air worthines s issued by the holders of the type certificate, restricted type certificate, supplemental typecertificate, major repair design approval, ESO authorization or any other relevant approval issued under Regulation Regu lation (EC) No 1702/2003 and its Annex (Part-2 (Part-21); 1); 3. Additional or alternative instruct instructions ions proposed by the owner or the continuing airworthiness management organization once approved in accordance with point M.A.302, except for intervals of safety related tasks referred in paragraph (e), which may be escalated, subject to sufficient reviews carried out in accordance wit w it h pa ra g ra ph ( g) a nd on ly wh when en su bj bjec ec t to direct approval in accordance with point M.A.302(b). he aircraft maintenance maintenance program shall contain contain details, including frequency, of all maintenance to be carried out, including any specific tasks linked to the type ty pe and the specificity of operations. operations. For large aircraf aircraft, t, when the maintenance program is based on maintenance steering group logic or on condition monitoring, monitoring, the aircraft maintenance program shall include a reliability program. Te aircraf aircraftt maintenance program shall be subject to periodic reviews and amended accordingly wh w h e n ne c e s s a r y.  h e s e r e v ie w s s h a l l e n s u r e that the program continues to be valid in light of the operating ex perience and instructions from the competent authority whilst taking into account new and/or modified maintenance instructions promulgated by the type certificate and supplementary supplementary t ype certificate holders and any other organization that publishes such data in accordance with Annex (Part-21) to Regulation (EC) No 1702/2003.

6.5


Eng. M. Rasool AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVES (MA 303) 303)

Any applicable air airworth worthiness iness direc directive tive must be car carried ried out within the requirements of that airworthiness directive, unless otherwise specified by the Agency. DATA FOR MODIFICATIONS AND REPAIRS (MA 304)

Damage shall be assessed and modifications and repairs carried out using data approved by the Agency or by an approved Part-21 design organization, as appropriate. AIRCRAFT CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS AIRWORTHINESS RECORD SYSTEM (MA 305)

a. At the completion of any maintenance, the certific certificate ate of release to service required by point M.A.801 or point 145.A.50 shall be entered in the aircraft continuing airworthiness records. Each entry shall be made as soon as practicable but in no case more than 30 days after a fter the day of the maintenance action. b. Te aircraft continuing continuing airworth airworthiness iness records shall consist of: 1. An aircra aircraft ft logbook, engine logbook(s logbook(s)) or engine module log cards, propeller logbook(s) logbook(s) and log cards for any service life limited component as appropriate, and; 2. When required in point M.A. M.A.306 306 for commercial air transport or by the Member State for commercial operations other than commercial air transport, the operator’s technical log. c. Te aircraft type and registration mark, the date, together with total flight time and/or flight cycles and/or landings, as appropriate, shall be entered in the aircraft logbo logbooks. oks. d. Te aircraft continuing continuing airworth airworthiness iness records shall contain the current: 1. Status of airworthiness directives directives and measures mandated by the competent authority in immediate reaction to a safety problem; 2. Status of modifications and repairs; 3. Status of compliance with maintenance program; 4. Status of serv service ice life limited componen components; ts; 5. Mass and balance report; 6. List of deferred maintenance. e. In addition to the authoriz authorized ed release document, EASA Form 1 or equivalent, the following information relevant to any component installed (engine, propeller, engine module or s ervice life-limited component) shall be entered in the appropriate engine or propeller logbook, engine 6.6

module or service life limited component log card: 1. Identification of the component; and 2. he type, serial number and registration, as appropriate, approp riate, of the aircraft, engine, propeller, engine module or service serv ice life-limited component to which the particular component has been fitted, along with the reference to the installation instal lation and removal of the component; and 3. he date together with the component’s component’s accumulated total flight time and/or flight cycles and/or landings and/or calendar time, as appropriate; and 4. Te current parag paragraph raph (d) information applicable to the component. f. he person responsible for the management of continuing airworthiness tasks pursuant to M.A. Subpart-B, shall control the records as detailed in this paragraph and present the records to the competent authority upon request. g. All entries made in the aircraf t continuing continuing airworthiness records shall be clear and accurate. W he n it is ne ce s s a r y to co r re c t a n en entt r y, t he correction shall be made in a manner that clearly shows the original entry. OWNER AND/OR THE OPERATOR OBLIGATIONS (MA 306)

An own owner er or ope operato ratorr sha ll ens ensure ure th that at a sy syste stem m ha hass been established to keep the following records for the periods specified: 1. Al Alll detailed maintenance records in respect of of the aircraft and any service life-limited component fitted thereto, until such time as the information contained therein is superseded by new information equivalent in scope and detail but not less than 36 months after the aircraft or component has been released to service; and 2. he total total time in service (hours, calendar time, cycles and landings) of the aircraft and all service life-limited components, components, at least 12 months after af ter the aircraft or component has been permanently withdrawn withdraw n from service; and 3. he time in service (hours, calendar time, cycles and landings) as appropriate, since last scheduled maintenance of the component subjected to a service life limit, at least until the component scheduled maintenance has been superseded by another scheduled maintenance of equivalent work scope and detail; and Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool 4. Te current status of compliance with maintenance program such that compliance with the approved aircraft maintenance program can be established, at least until the aircraft or component scheduled maintenance has been superseded by other scheduled maintenance of equivalent work scope and detail; and 5. he current status of air worthi ness direct ives applicable to the aircraft and components, at least 12 months after the aircraft or component has been permanently withdrawn from service; and 6. Details of current modifications modifications and and repairs to the aircraft, engine(s), propeller(s) and any other component vital to flight safety, at least 12 months after they have been permanently withdrawn from service. OPERATOR TECHNICAL LOG SYSTEM (MA 306)

a. In the case of commercial air transport, in addition to the requirements of M.A.305, an operator shall use an aircraft technical log system containing the following information for each aircraft: 1. Information about each f light, necessar y to ensure continued flight safety, and; 2. he current aircraft certif certif icate of release to service, and; 3. Te current maintenance statement giving the aircraft maintenance status of what scheduled and out of phase maintenance is next due except e xcept that the competent authority may agree to the maintenance statement statement being kept elsewhere, and; 4. Al Alll outstanding deferred defects rectific rectifications ations that affect the operation of the aircraft, and; 5. Any necessar necessar y guidance instructions on maintenance support arrangements. b. he aircraft technica l log system and any subsequent amendment shall be approved by the competent authority. c. An operator operator shall ensure ensure that the aircraft technical log is retained for 36 months after the date of the t he last entry entr y. MAINTENANCE STANDARDS – SUBPART-D MAINTENANCE MAINTE NANCE DA DAT TA (MA 401)

a. Te person or organizatio organization n maintaining an aircraft shall have access to and use only applicable current maintenance data in the performance per formance of maintenance including modifications and repairs. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

b. For the purpos purposes es of this Part, Part, applicable maintenance data is: 1. Any applic able requ irement, procedu re, standard or information in formation issued by the competent authority or the Agency, 2. Any applica applicable ble airworthiness directive, 3. Applicable instructions for continuing airworthiness, issued by t ype certificate certi ficate holders, holders, supplementary type certificate holders and any other organization that publishes such data in accordance with Part 21. 4. Any applicable applicable data issued in accordance with 145.A.45(d). c. Te person or organizatio organization n maintaining an aircraft shall ensure that all al l applicable maintenance maintenance data is current and readily available for use when required. Te per person son or orga organiz nization ation sha shallll est establi ablish sh a work card or worksheet system to be used and shall either transcribe accu rately the maintenance data onto such work cards or worksheets or make precise reference to the particular maintenance task or tasks contained in such maintenance data. PERFORMANCE OF MAINTENANCE (MA 402)

a. All maintenance shall be performed by qualif ied personnel, following the methods, techniques, standards and instructions specified in the M.A.401 maintenance data. Furthermore, an independent inspection shall be carried out after any flight safety sensitive sensi tive maintenance task unless otherwise specified by Part-145 Part-145 or agreed ag reed by the t he competent authority. authorit y. b. Al Alll maintenance shal shalll be performed using the tools, equipment and material specified in the M.A.401 maintenance data unless otherwise specified by Part-145. Where necessary, tools and equipment shall be controlled and calibrated to an officially recognized standard. c. he area in which maintenance is carr ied out shall be well organized and clean in respect of dirt and contamination. d. All maintenance shall be performed within any environmental limitations specified in the M.A.401 maintenance data. e. In case of of inclement weather or lengthy maintenance, maintenance, proper facilities shall be used. f. After completion completion of all maintenance a general verr if ic at io ve ion n mu must st be ca r r ie ied d ou outt to en ensu su re t he aircraftt or component aircraf component is clear of all tools, equipment 6.7


Eng. M. Rasool and any other extraneous parts and material, and that all access panels removed have been refitted. AIRCRAFT DEFECTS (MA (MA 403) 403)

a. Any aircra aircraft ft defect that hazards seriously the flight safety shall be rectified before further flight. b. Only the authorized certifying staff, according according to points M.A.801(b)1, M.A.801(b)2, M.A.801(c), M.A.801(d) or Annex II (Part-145) can decide, using M.A.401 maintenance data, whether an aircraft defect hazards seriously the flight safety and therefore decide when and which rectification action shall be taken before further flight and which defect rectification rectificat ion can be deferred. However, this does not apply when: 1. he approved minimum equipment list as mandated by the competent authority is used by the pilot; or, 2. Aircra Aircraft ft defects are defined as being acceptable by the competent authority. c. Any aircraft defect defect that would not hazard seriously seriously the flight safety shall be rectified as soon as practicable, after the date the aircraft defect was first identified and within any limit limitss specified specified in the the maint maintenan enance ce data. data. d. Any defect not rectif ied before f light shall be recorded in the M.A.305 aircraft maintenance record system or M.A.306 operator's technical log system as applicable. COMPONENTS – SUBPART-E INSTALLATION (MA 501)

a. No component may be fitted unless it is in a satisfactor satisfactoryy condition, has been appropriately released to service on an EASA Form 1(see annex 1) or equivalent and is marked in accordance accordance with Part 21 Subpart-Q Subpart-Q , unless otherwise specified in Annex (Part-21) to Regulation (EC) No 1702/2003, Annex II (Part-145) or Subpart-F, Section A of Annex I to this Regulation. b. Prior to to installation of of a compone component nt on on an aircraf aircraftt the person or approved maintenance organization shall ensure that the particular component is eligible to be fitted when different modification and/ or airworthiness directive configurations may be applicable. c. Standard parts shall only be fitted fitted to to an aircraft or a component when the maintenance data specifies the particular standard part. Standard parts shall only be fitted when accompanied by evidence of conformity traceable to the applicable standard. 6.8

d. Material being either raw material or consumable material shall only be used on an aircraft or a component when the ai rcraft or component manufacturer states so in relevant maintenance data or as specified in Part-145. Such material shall only be used when the material meets the required specification and has appropriate traceability. All material must be accompanied by documentation clearly relating to the particular material and containing a conformity to specification statement plus both the manufacturing and supplier source. COMPONENTS MAINTENANCE (M 502)

a. Te maintenance maintenance of compon components ents shall be performed by maintenance organizations appropriately approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart-F of this Annex (Part-M) (Part-M) or or with Annex II (Part- 14 145). 5). b. By derogation from paragraph (a), (a), maintenance of of a componentt in accordance with aircraft componen airc raft maintenance data or, if agreed by the competent authority, in accordance with component maintenance data, may be performed by an A rated organization approved in accordance with Sect ion A, Subpart-F of this Annex (Part-M) or with Annex II (Part145) as well as by certifying staff referred to in point M.A.801 (b) 2 only whilst such components are fitted to the aircraft. Nevertheless, such organization or certifying staff may temporarily remove this component for maintenance, in order to improve access to the component, except when such removal generates the need for additional maintenance not eligible for the provisions of this paragraph. Component maintenance performed in accordance with this paragraph is not eligible for the issuance of an EASA Form 1 and shall be subject to the aircraft release requirements provided for in point M.A.8 01. c. By derogation from parag paragraph raph (a (a), ), maintenance of an engine/Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) component in accordance w ith engine/APU maintenance data or, if agreed by the competent authority, in accordance with component maintenance data, may be performed by a B rated organization approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart-F of this Annexx (Part-M) Anne ( Part-M) or with w ith Anne Annexx II I I (Part-1 ( Part-145) 45) only whilst whi lst suc such h compo components nents are f itt itted ed to the eng engine ine// APU. A PU. Ne Neve verr t he hele less ss , su such ch B ra rate ted d or orga ga ni za zati tion on may temporarily remove this component for maintenance, in order to improve access to the Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool component, except when such removal generates the need for additional maintenance not eligible for the provisions of this paragraph. d. By derogation from paragraph (a) (a) and point point M.A.801(b)2, maintenance of a component while installed or temporarily removed from an ELA1 aircraft not used in commercial air transport and performed in accordance with component maintenance data, may be performed by certifying staff referred to in point M.A.801(b)2, except for: 1. Overhaul of components other than engines and propellers, and; 2. Overhaul of engines and propellers for aircraft other than CS-VLA, CS-22 and LSA.

b.

c. Component maintenance performed in accordance wit w it h pa ra g ra raph ph (d) is no nott el ig ib ible le for th e is su an ce of an EASA Form 1 (annex 1) and shall be subject to the aircraft release requirements provided for in point M.A.801. CAUTION

d.

Installed service life limited components shall not exceed the approved service life limit as specified in the approved maintenance program and airworthiness directives,, except as provided for in point M.A.504(c). directives M.A.504(c). Te approved approv ed ser vice life l ife is expres e xpressed sed in cale calendar ndar time, t ime, flight hours, landings or cycles, as appropriate. At the end th thee appr approve oved d ser vi vice ce li life, fe, the comp component onent must be removed from the aircraft for maintenance, or for disposal in the case of components with a certified life limit. CONTROL OF UNSERVICEABLE COMPONENTS (MA 504)

a. A componen componentt shall be considered unserv unserviceable iceable in any one of the following circumstances: 1. Expir Expiryy of the serv service ice life limit as defined in the maintenance program; 2. N o n - c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e a p p l i c a b l e airworthiness directives and other continued airworthiness requirement mandated by the Agency Age ncy ; 3. Absence of the necessary information to determine determi ne the airworthiness a irworthiness status or eligibility for installation; 4. Evidence of defects or malfu malfunctions; nctions; Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

e.

5. Involvement Involvement in an incident or accident accident likely to to affect its serviceability. Unserviceable compon components ents shall be identified identified and stored in a secure location under the control of an approved maintenance organization until a decision is made on the future status of such component. compo nent. Nevertheless, for aircraft not used in commercial air transport other than large aircraft, the person or organization that declared the component unserviceable may transfer its custody, after identifying it as unserviceable, to the aircraft owner provided that such transfer is reflected in the aircraft logbook or engine logbook or component logbook. Components Compone nts which have reached their certif certif ied life limit or contain a non-repairable defect shall be classified as unsalvageable and shall not be permitted to re-enter the component supply system, unless certif ied life limits have been extended or a repair solution has been approved according to M.A.304. Any person or organization organization accountable under Part-M shall, in the case of a paragraph (c) unsalvageable components: 1. Retain such component in the paragraph (b) (b) location, or; 2. Arr ange for for the component to be mutilated in a manner that ensures that it is beyond economic salvage or repair before relinquishing responsibility for such component. Notw ithsta nding paragra ph (d) a person or organization accountable under Part-M may transfer responsibility of compo components nents classified as as unsalvageable to an organization for training or research without mutilation.

MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION – SUBPART-F Tis Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an organization to qualify for the issue or continuation of an approval for the maintenance of aircraft and components not listed in M.A.201 (g).

An applic application ation for issue i ssue or var variation iation of a mainten maintenance ance organization approval shall be made on a form and in a manner established by the competent authority.

6.9


Eng. M. Rasool

Figure 6-1. Authorized release certificate also known as a certificate of release to service or CRS.

CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION SUBPART-G Tis Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an organization to qualify for the issue or continuation of an approval for the management of of aircraft aircra ft continuing airworthiness. CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE (CRS) – SUBPART-H SUBPART-H AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO TO SERVICE (MA 801)

a. Except for aircraft released released to to service service by a maintenanc maintenancee organization approved in accordance with Annex II (Part-145), the certificate of release to service shall be issued according according to this Subpart; ( Figure Figure 6-1) b. No aircraft can be released to service unless a certificate of release to service is issued at the completion of any maintenance, maintenan ce, when satisfied that al l maintenance required has been properly carried out, by: 1. Appropriate certif ying staff on behalf of the maintenance organization approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart-F of this Annex (Part-M); (Part-M); or 2. Certif ying staff in compliance with the requirements laid down in Annex III (Part-66), except for complex maintenance tasks listed in 6.10

Appendix VII to this th is Annex A nnex for which point 1 applies; or 3. By the Pilot-owner Pilot-owner in compliance with point M.A.803; c. By derogation from point M.A.8 M.A.801(b 01(b)2 )2 for ELA1 aircraft not used in commercial commercial air transport, aircraft complex comp lex maintenance tasks listed in Appendix VII V II may be released by certifying staff referred to in point M.A.801(b) M. A.801(b)2; 2; d. By derogation from point M.A.801(b), M.A.801(b), in the case of unforeseen situations, when an aircraft is grounded at a locat ion where no approved maintenance organization appropriately approved under this Annexx or Anne Anne Annexx II (Par (Partt-145) 145) and a nd no appropr appropriate iate certifying staff are available, the owner may authorize any person, with not less than three years of appropriate maintenance experience and holding the proper qualifications, to maintain according to the standards set out in Subpart-D of this Annex and release the aircraft. Te owner shall in that case: 1. Obtain and keep in the aircraft records records details of all the work carried out and of the qualifications held by that person issuing the certification; and 2. Ensure that any such maintenance is rechecked and released by an appropriately authorized person referred to in point M.A.801(b) or an organization approved in accordance with Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool

e.

f.

g.

h.

Section A, SubpartSubpart-F F of this t his Annex An nex (Part-M), or with Annex II (Part-145) at the earliest opportunity but within a period not exceeding seven days; and 3. Notify the organi zation responsible for the continuing airworthiness management of the aircraft when contracted in accordance with point M.A.201(e), or the competent authority in the absence of such a contract, within seven days of the issuance of such certification authorization; In the case of a release to serv ice in accordance accordance with point M.A M.A.801(b)2 .801(b)2 or point M.A M.A.801(c) .801(c),, the certifying staff may be assisted in the execution of the maintenance tasks by one or more persons subject to his/her direct and continuous control; A certif icate of release to service shall contain as a minimum: 1. Basic details of of the maintenance maintenance carried out; out; and 2. Te date such maintenance was completed; and 3. Te identity identity of of the organization and/or person issuing the release to service, including: i. Te approval reference of the maintenance organization approved in accordance with wit h Sec Section tion A, Subpa rt-F of th this is An Annex nex (Part-M) and the certifying staff issuing such a certificate; certi ficate; or ii.. In the case of point M.A .801(b)2 or ii M.A.801(c) certificate of release to service, the identity and if applicable license number of the certifying staff issuing such a certificate; 4. Te limitations to air airworthiness worthiness or operations, if any. By derogation from par agr aph (b) and notwithstanding the provisio provisions ns of pa ragraph (h), when the maintenance prescribed cannot be completed, a certificate of release to service may be issued within the approved aircraft limitations. Such fact together with any applicable limitations of the airworthiness or the operations shall be entered in the aircraft certificate of release to service before its issue as part of the information required in paragraph (f) 4; A certificate of release to serv service ice shal shalll not be issued issued in the case of any known non-compliance which endangers flight safety.


COMPONENT CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE (MA 802)

a. A certificate of release to service shall be issued at the completion of any maintenance on an aircraft component whilst off the aircraft. b. Te authorized release certi certificate ficate identified as EASA Form 1 for the Member States constitutes the aircraft component certificate of release to service. PILOT-OWNER AUTHORIZATION (MA 803)

a. Te pilot-owner pilot-owner is the person who who owns or jointly jointly owns the aircraft being maintained maintained and holds a valid val id pilot license with the appropriate appropriate type ty pe or class rating. b. For any privately operated aircra aircraft ft of simple design with wit h a ma maxi ximum mum ta take-o ke-off ff mas masss of les lesss th than an 2730 kg, glider and balloon, the pilot pi lot-owner -owner may issue the certificate of release to service after limited pilot owner maintenance listed in Appendix VIII. c. Limited pilot owner maintenance shal shalll be defined in the MA302 MA 302 aircraft mainte maintenance nance program. d. he certif icate of release release to serv ice must must be entered in the logbooks and contain basic details of the maintenance carried out, the date such maintenance was completed and the indentity and pilot license number of the pilot-owner issuing such a certificate. AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW CERTIFICATE – SUBPART-I AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW (MA 901)

o ens e nsur uree th thee va li lidi ditt y of th thee ai rc rcra ra ft ai r wor th ine ss certificate, an airworthiness review of the aircraft and its continuing continuing air worthiness records records shall be carried out periodically. a. An air worthiness review certif icate is issued in accordance with Appendix III (EASA Form 15a or 15b) on completion of a satisfactory airworthiness review. Te airworthiness review certificate is valid one year; ( Figu Figure re 6-2 6- 2) b. An aircraft in a con controlled trolled environm environment ent is an aircraft: i. Continu Continuously ously managed during the previous 12 months mon ths by a unique continuing continuing air worthiness management organization approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart-G, of this Annex (Part(Par t-M), M), and ii. Which has been maintained for for the previous 12 months by maintenance organizations approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart-F of 6.11


Eng. M. Rasool this Annex (Part-M), or with Annex II (Part (Par t 145). 145). Tis includes maintenance tasks referred to in point M.A.803 (b) carried out and released to service in accordance with point M.A.801 M.A .801 (b)2 or point M.A.801(b)3; c. For all aircraft used used in commercial air transport, and aircraft above 2 730 kg MOM, except balloons, that are in a controlled environment, the organization referred to in (b) managing the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft may, if appropriately approved, and subject to compliance with paragraph (k): 1. Issue an air worthi ness review certificate in accordance with point M.A.710, and; 2. For the air worthi ness review certificates it has issued, when the aircraft has remained within a controlled environment, extend twice the validity of the airworthiness review certificate for a period of one year each time; d. For all aircraft used in commercial air transport and aircraft above 2 730 kg MOM, except balloons, that (i) are not in a controlled environment, or (ii)) which contin (ii continuing uing air worthiness is managed by a continuing airworthiness management organization that does not hold the privilege to carry out airworthiness reviews, the airworthiness review certificate shall be issued by the competent authority upon satisfactory assessment based on a recommendation made by a continuing airworthiness management organization appropriately approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart-G of this Annex (Part-M) sent together with the application from the owner or operator. Tis recommendation shall be based on an airworthiness review carried out in accordance with point M.A.710; e. For aircraf aircraftt not used in commercial air transport of 2 730 kg MOM and below, and balloons, any continuing airworthiness management organization approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart-G of this Annex (Part-M) and appointed by the owner 6.12

Figure 6-2. An airworthiness review certificate.

f.

or operator may, if appropriately approved and subject to paragraph (k): 1. Issue the air worthiness review certif icate in accordance with point M.A.710, and; 2. For air worthiness review certif icates it has issued, when the aircraft has remained within a controlled environment under its management, extend twice the validity of the airworthiness review certificate for a period of one year each time; By derogat ion from points M.A.901(c)2 M.A.901(c)2 and M.A.901(e)2, for aircraft that are in a controlled environment, the organization referred to in (b) managing the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft, subject to compliance with paragraph (k), may extend twice for a period of one year each time Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool

g.

h.

i.

j.

the validity of an airworthiness review certificate that has been issued by the competent authority or by another continuing airworthiness management organization approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart-G of this Annex An nex (Part-M); By derogat ion from points M.A.901(e) M.A.901(e) and M.A.901(i)2, M.A.901( i)2, for ELA1 aircraft aircraf t not used in commercial air transport and not affected by point M.A.201(i), the airworthiness review certificate may also be issued by the competent authority upon satisfactory assessment, based on a recommendation made by certifying staff formally approved by the competent authority and complying with provisions of Annex III (Part-66) as well as requirements laid down in point M.A.707(a)2(a), sent together with the application from the owner or operator. his recommendation shall be based on an airworthiness review carried out in accordance with point M.A.710 and shall not be issued for more than two consecutive years; Whenever circumstances reveal the existence of a potential safety threat, the competent authority shall carry out the airworthiness review and issue the airworthiness air worthiness review certificate itself; In addit ion to par agr aph (h), the competent authority may also carry out the airworthiness review and issue the airworthiness a irworthiness review certificate itself in the following cases: 1. For airc raf t not involved in commercia l air transport when the ai rcraft is managed by a continuing air worthiness management organization approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart-G of this Annex (Part-M) located in a third country; 2. For all balloons and any other aircraft of 2 730 730 kg MOM and below, if it is requested by the owner; W he hen n t he co comp mpet eten entt au auth th or orit it y ca rr ie iess ou outt th e airworthiness review and/or issues the airworthiness review certificate itself, the owner or operator shall provide the competent authority with: 1. Te documentat documentation ion requi required red by the competent authority; and 2. Suitable accommodat ion at the appropriate location for its personnel; and 3. When necessar y, the support of personnel appropriately qualified in accordance with Anne An nexx II IIII (Pa rtrt-66) 66) or equ iva lent per son sonnel nel requirements laid down in point 145.A.30(j) 145.A.30( j) (1) (1) and (2) of Annex II (Part 145);


k. An airworthiness review certificate cannot be issued nor extended if there is evidence or reason to believe that the aircraft is not airworthy. VALIDITY OF THE AIRWORTHINESS VALIDITY AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW CERTIFICATE (MA 902)

a. An airwort hiness review certif icate becomes invalid if: 1. Suspended or revoked; or 2. he air airworthiness worthiness certif certif icate is suspended or revoked; or 3. Te aircraft is not on the aircraft register of a Member State; or 4.  h e t y p e c e r t i f i c a t e u n d e r w h i c h t h e airworthiness certificate was issued is suspended suspended or revoked. b. An aircraft must not f ly if the airworth iness certificate is invalid or if: 1. he continuing air worthiness of the aircraft or any component fitted to the aircraft does not meet the requirements of this Part, or; 2. Te aircra aircraft ft does not remain in conformity with the type design approved by the Agency; or 3. he aircraft has been operated operated beyond beyond the limitations of the approved flight manual or the airworthiness certificate, without appropriate action being taken; or 4. he aircraft has been involved involved in an accident or incident that affects the airworthiness of the aircraft, without subsequent subsequent appropriate action to restore airworthiness; or 5. A modification modification or repair has not been approved in accordance with w ith Part-21. Part-21. c. Upon surrender or revocation, the air worthi worthiness ness review certificate shall be returned to the competent authority. FINDINGS (MA 905)

a. A level 1 finding is any significa significant nt non-com non-compliance pliance with Part-M requirements requ irements which lowers the safet safetyy standard and hazards seriously the flight safety. b. A level 2 finding is any non-compliance non-compliance with the Part-M requirements which could lower the safety standard and possibly hazard the flight safety. c. After receipt receipt of notification of findings according according to to M.B.303, the person or organization accountable according accor ding to M.A. 201 shall def ine a corrective action plan and demonstrate corrective action to the satisfaction of the competent authority 6.13


Eng. M. Rasool w it h i n a p e r i o d a g r e e d w it h t h i s a u t h o r i t y including appropriate corrective action to prevent reoccurrence of the finding a nd its root cause. PROCEDURE FOR COMPETENT AUTHORITIES AUTHORITI ES - SECTION-B SECTION-B Tis Sec Section tion est establis ablishes hes the adm adminis inistrat trative ive requ requireme irements nts to be followed by the competent authorities in charge of the application application and the enforcement of Section Sec tion A of this Part. COMPETENT AUTHORITY (MB 102)

a. General: General: A Member State shall designate a competent authority with allocated al located responsibilities responsibilities for the issuance, continuation, change, suspension or revocation of certif icates and for the oversight of continuing airworthiness. Tis competent authority shall establish documented procedures procedures and an organizational structure. structu re. Resources:: Te number of staff shall be appropriate b. Resources to carry out the requirements as detailed in this Section B. c. Qualification and Training : All staff involved in Part-M activities shall be appropriately qualified and have appropriate knowledge, experience, initial training and continuation training to perform their allocated tasks. d. Procedures competent authority shall shal l establish Procedures:: Te competent procedures detailing how compliance with this Part is accomplished. Te procedures shall be reviewed and amended to ensure continued compliance.

c. d.

RECORD-KEEPING (MB 104)

a. Te competent authorities shall establish a system of record-keeping that allows adequate traceability of the process to issue, continue, change, suspend or revoke each certificate. b. Te records for the oversight of Part-M approved organizations shall include as a minimum: 1. Te application for an organizat organization ion approval.

6.14

e.

f.

2. Te organization approval certificate including any changes. 3. A copy of the audit program listing the dates when wh en au aud d it itss a re du duee a nd wh when en au aud d it itss we were re carried out. 4. he competent authorit authorityy continued oversight records including all audit records. 5. Copies of all relevant correspondence. 6. Details of any exemption exemption and enforcement actions. 7. Any report report from other competent authorities relating to the oversight of the organization. 8. Organiz ation exposit ion or manual and amendments. 9. Copy of any other document direc directly tly approved by the competent authority. Te retention retention period for for the paragraph (b) (b) records records shall be at least four years. he minimum records records for the oversight of each aircraft shall include, at least, a copy of: 1. Aircraft certificate of airworthiness. 2. Airworthiness review certificates. 3. S e c t i o n A S u b p a r t - G o r g a n i z a t i o n recommendations. 4. Reports from the airworthiness reviews reviews carried out directly by the Member State. 5. Al l releva nt corresp ondence relati ng to the aircraft. 6. Details of any exemption exemption and enforcement enforcement action(s). 7. Any document dir ect ly approved by the competent authority as referred to in M.B. Subpart-B. he records specif ied in parag raph (d (d)) shal l be retained until two years after the aircraft has been permanently withdrawn from service. All records specif ied in M.B.1 M.B.104 04 shall shall be made available upon request by another Member State or the Agency.



Question: 6-1

Question: 6-5

Te holder of a type certificate cer tificate shall sha ll have a system sy stem for collecting, investigating and analyzing reports of and information related to failures, malfunctions, defects or other occurrences which cause or might cause adverse effects on .

components shall be identified and stored in a secure location under the control of an approved maintenance organization until a decision is made on the future status of such component.

Question: 6-2

Question: 6-6

Any person or organization organiz ation performing maintenance shall be for the tasks performed.

An air worthy review certificate cer tificate is valid va lid for year.

Question: 6-3

Question: 6-7

An aircraft ai rcraft maintenance ma intenance program must establish compliance with instructions issued by the competent authority and issued by the holders of the type certificate.

Te competent authorities shall establish a system s ystem of that allows adequate traceability of the process to issue, continue, change, suspend or revoke each certificate.

Question: 6-4 An operator shall shal l ensure that the aircraf a ircraftt technical technica l log is retained for months after the date of the last entry.


6.15



Answer: 6-1

Answer: 6-5

continuing con tinuing airworthiness.

Unserviceable.

Answer: 6-2

Answer: 6-6

responsible.

one.

Answer: 6-3

Answer: 6-7

instructions for continuing airworthiness.

record-keeping

Answer: 6-4 36.

6.16


Eng. M. Rasool


¦

LEVELS A B1 B2

Sub-Module 07 APPLICABLE APPLIC ABLE NATIONAL NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS


10.7 - Applicable National and International Requirements (a)) Maintenance Programs, Maintenance checks and inspect (a inspections; ions; Airworthiness Airworth iness Directives; Service Bulletins, manufacturers service information information;; Modificationss and repairs; Modification Maintenance Maintenan ce documen documentation: tation: maintenan maintenance ce manuals, structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.; Only for A to B2 licenses: Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum Equipment List, Dispatch Deviation Lists;

1

2

2

(b)) Continuing (b Continuing airworth airworthiness; iness; Minimum Minimu m equipment requirements - est flights; Only for B1 and B2 licenses: EOPS, maintenance and dispatch requirements; All Weather Operations, Category 2/3 operations.

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1

1

Level 1 A familiariz famil iariz ation with wit h the princ ipal elements of t he subject.

L A N O I T S T A N N E R E M T E R N I I / U L Q A E N R O I T A N

Level 2 A general k nowledge of t he theoretic al and practical prac tical aspects of the subjec t and an ability to apply that knowledge.

Objectives:

(a)) (a

Te applicant applicant should be familiar with the basic elements of the subject. (b) Te applicant should be able to give a simple description of the whole subjec t, using usin g common words and e xamples. (c)) Te applicant should be able to use typical terms. (c


Objectives:

(a)

Te applicant should be able to underst understand and the theoretic al fundamentals of the subject. (b) Te applicant should be able to give a general description of the subject using, as appropriate, typical examples. (c) Te applicant should be able to use mathematica l formula in conjunction with physical laws describing the subject. (d) Te applicant should be able to read and underst understand and sketches , drawings and schematics describing the subject. (e) Te applicant should be able to apply his knowled knowledge ge in a practica practicall manner using detailed procedures.

7.1

Eng. M. Rasool INTRODUCTION In some areas the rules published by national civil aviation authorities can replace or supplement the international rules published by ICAO. ICAO. In this case, cas e, the document should be supplemented supplemented with the t he rules of the civil aviation authority of the country concerned. Only the ICAO corresponding rules, if not superseded by EU requirements, shall be treated in this document. If a detailed description of an EASA rule is contained in existing documents, only reference to these documents is made.

MAINTENANCE CHECKS AND INSPECTIONS

"C" CHECK

Tis is performed performed appro approximat ximately ely every every 20-24 months months or a specific amount of actual flight hours (FH) as defined by the manufacturer. Tis maintenance check is much more extensive than a B Check, requiring a large majority of the aircraft's components to be inspected. Tis check puts the aircraft out of service and until it is completed, the aircraft must not leave the maintenance site. site. It also requires more space than A and B Checks—usually a hangar at a maintenance base. Te time needed to complete such a check is generally 1-2 weeks and the effort involved can require up to 6 000 0 00 man-hours. Te schedule of occurrence has many factors and components as has been described, Figure 7-1 7-1) and thus varies by aircraft category and type. ( Figure

GENERAL Aircraft maintenan maintenance ce checks are periodic periodic inspectio inspections ns that have to be done on all commercial/civil commercial/civil aircraft after a certain amount of time or usage. Commercial operators of large or turbine-powered aircraft follow a continuous inspection program approved by the airworthiness authorities. Each operator prepares a Continuous Airworthiness Maintenance Program (CAMP) under its Operations Specifications. he CAMP includes both routine and detailed inspections. Airlines and airworthiness air worthiness authorities authorities casually refer to the detailed inspections as "checks", commonly one of the following: A check, B check, C check, or D check. A and B checks c hecks are lighter checks, while C and D are considered heavier checks.

Figure 7-1. 7-1. "C" Check inspection.

"A" CHECK

his is perfor performed med approximat a pproximately ely ever everyy 500 500-80 -8000 f light hours or 200-400 cycles. It needs about 20-50 manhours and is usually performed overnight at an airport gate or hangar. Te actual occurrence of this check varies by aircraft type, the cycle count (takeoff and landing is considered an aircraft "cycle"), or the number of hours flown since the last check. Te occurrence can be delayed by the airline if certain predetermined conditions are met. "B" CHECK

his is perfor performed med approxi approximately mately ever everyy 4-6 4 -6 months. It needs about 150 man-hours and is usually performed within 1 - 3 days at an airport hangar. A similar occurren occurrence ce schedule applies to the B check as to the A check. B checks may be incorporated into successive A checks, i.e.: A-1 through A-10 A-10 complete all the t he B check items.

7.2

"D" CHECK

Tis is by far the mos mostt com compreh prehensi ensive ve and dem demanding anding check for an airplane. It is also known as a Heavy Maintenance Visitt (HMV ). his check occurs appro Visi approximately ximately every 5 years. It is a check that, more or less, takes the entire airplane apart for inspection and overhaul. Also, if required, the paint may need to be completely removed for further inspection on the fuselage metal skin. Such a check can usually demand up to 50 000 man-hours and it can generally take up to 2 months to complete, depending on the aircraft and the number of technicians involved. It also requires the most space of all maintenance checks, and as such must be performed at a suitable maintenance base. Given the elevated requirements requirements of this check and a nd the tremendous effort involved in it, it is also by far the most expensive maintenance check of all, with total costs for a single visit ending up well within the million-do mi llion-dollar llar range. ra nge. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool Because of the nature and the cost of such a check, most airlines (especially those with a large fleet) have to plan D Checks for their aircraft years in advance. Often, older aircraft being phased out of a part icular airline's fleet are either stored or scrapped upon reaching their next D Check, due to the high costs involved in it in comparison to the aircraft's value. On average, a commercial aircraft undergoes 2-3 D Checks before it is retired. ( Figur Figuree 7-2 7-2)

Figure 7-2. "D" Check inspection.

AIRWORTHINESS AIRW ORTHINESS DIRECT DIRECTIVES IVES A n ai r wor th in An ines esss di re rect ct iv ivee (com (common mon ly ab abbre bre v ia iate ted d as AD) is a notification to owners and operators of certified aircraft that a known safety deficiency with a particular model of aircraft, engine, avionics or other system exists and must be corrected. If a certified aircraft has outstanding airworthiness directives that have not been complied with, the aircraft is not considered airworthy. hus, it is mandatory for an aircraft operator to comply with an AD. Fig Figure ure 7-3 illustrates an EASA Air worthiness Directive. PURPOSE ADs A Ds us usua uallllyy res result ult fro from m se serr vi vice ce di diff ff icu lt ltyy rep repor orti ting ng by operators or from the results of aircraft accident investigations. hey are issued either by the national civil aviation authority of the country of aircraft manufacture or of aircraft registration. When ADs are issued by the country of registration they are almost always coordinated with the civil aviation authority of the country of manufacture to ensure that conflicting ADs are a re not issued.


Figure 7-3. EASA airworthiness directive (AD) example. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

7.3

Eng. M. Rasool In detail, the purpose of an AD is to notify aircraft owners: • Tat the aircra aircraft ft may have an unsafe condition, or • hat the aircra ft may not be in conformity with its basis of certification or of other conditions that affect the aircraft's air worthiness, or • hat there are mandatory actions that must be carried out to ensure continued safe operation, or • Tat, in some urgent cases, the aircraf aircraftt must not be flown until a correct ive action plan is designed and carried out. A Ds ar ADs aree ma manda ndator tor y in mos mostt ju juri risd sdict ict ion ionss an and d of often ten contain dates or aircraft f lying hours by which compliance must be completed. ADs may be divided into two categories: • Tose of an emergency nature requiring immediate compliance prior to further flight, and • Tose of a less urgent nature requiring complianc compliancee within a specified sp ecified period per iod of time. ISSUANCE ADs A Ds a re is su e d by mo most st c iv i l av ia t io n re g u la to torr y authorities: • European Aviation Safety Agency • Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India) • Federal Aviation Administ Administration ration (USA) • ransport Canada • Civil Aviation Safety Authority (Austral (Australia) ia)

SERVICE BULLETINS ATA SPEC 2200 AT 2200 Wi t h i nc r e a s i n g i n- s er v ic e e x p er ie nc e , t he t y p e certificate holder may find ways to improve the original design resulting in either lower maintenance costs or increased performance. Tese improvem improvements ents (normally involving some alterations) are suggested through service bulletins to their customers as optional (and may be extra cost) items. Te customers may exercise their discretion whether or not to incorporate the bulletins. Sometimes SBs can become mandated by relevant ADs. SCOPE Separate Service Bulletins shall be issued to cover each subject and shall describe changes that fall into the following categories: • Modifications to the aircraft, engine or accessory including embedded software. 7.4

•

•

•

•

• •

•

• • •

Modifications, which affect performance, improve reliability, increase safety of operation, provide improved economy or facilitate maintenance or operation. Substitution of one part with another superseding part only when it is not completely interchangeable both functionally functional ly and physically, or when when the change is considered to be sufficiently urgent or critical that special scheduling or record of accomplishment will be required. Substitution of one embedded softwa software re program by another which change equipment function and the part number of the programmed memory device, requiring a record of accomplishment. Special inspections/ inspections/checks checks required to maintain the aircraft, engine, or accessories in safe operating condition. One time inspec inspections/checks tions/checks to detect a f law or manufacturing error. Special inspections/ inspections/checks checks required to be performed until a corrective action can be taken. (e.g., an inspection to detect cracks in a radius until the radius can be ground out.) out.) he modification information may be issued as a revision to the same Service Bulletin that transmits the inspection instructions. Special functional checks of an urgent nature required to detect an incipient failure, such as pressure checks, functional checks, etc. Reduction of exist existing ing life limits or establishment of first time life limits for components. Conversions from one engine model to another. Changes affect ing the interchangeabil ity or intermix of parts.

A Service Serv ice Bulletin Bullet in shall shal l be practical practica l from the operator's standpoint, i.e., it shall not require new parts when old parts may be repaired or reworked, but it shall, wherever where ver prac practica ticable, ble, incl include ude inst instruc ructions tions and lis lists ts of new parts to al low the operator to select either method. Service Bulletins shall be written for applicability to In-Service units or equipment. A Service Ser vice Bulletin Bul letin once issued shal shalll not be canceled. In case the original intent of the Service Bulletin becomes invalidated, a revision to the original Service Bulletin, or a new Service Bulletin, shall be issued for the purpose of restoring the units already modified to the original or preferred configuration. If a new Service Bulletin is issued that supersedes the original Service Bulletin, Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

Eng. M. Rasool then a revision to the invalidated Service Bulletin shall also be issued in order to stop progression of its accomplishment.

STANDARD SB STANDARD Standard Service Bulletins shall be issued where the use of Alert Service Bulletins is not required.

Even though there a re many other publicatio publications ns and correspondence available to the airframe, engine and component manufacturers, they shall not be used to transmit actions which require a record of accomplishment.

ENGINE CONVERSION SB Conversion Service Bulletins will be issued to provide operators with information necessary to convert engine models from one designation level to another. SERVICE BULLETIN CONTENTS

 he se ot he r pu bl ic at io he ions ns ma y be us ed to pr prov ov id idee information such as the following: • o discuss field problems and to highl ight information already or scheduled to be incorporated in existing documentation. • o notif y operators of interchang eable or future spare part numbers of equipment which have no effect on aircraft safety, performance, maintainability and reliability. • o provide preliminar y information of a forthcoming Service Bulletin. • o notify operators of available or forthcoming vendor modifications. • o notify operators of changes in material finishes, protective coatings, etc. Service Bulletins must not be used to cover routine recommended inspections/checks, standard repairs, or revisions to maintenance practices or shop procedures. Tese shall shal l be covered as revisions to the manufacturer’s Aircraft Maint Maintenan enance ce Manual, Manual, Structural Repair Manu Manual, al, or Component Maintenance Manual as appropriate.

TYPES OF SERVICE BULLETINS ALERT SB Alert Al ert Ser vic vicee Bul Bullet letins ins sha shallll be iss issued ued on al alll mat matters ters requiring the urgent attention of the operator and shall be limited generally to items affecting safety. Matters of extreme ext reme urgency with w ith compliance recommendations recommendations shalll be transmitted by suitable media, such as telegraph, shal cable, and facsimile or in some cases, by telephone. Tese shal shalll be identified as Aler Alertt Serv S ervice ice Bulletins Bul letins and shall contain a Service Bulletin Number.

A comp complet letee A ler t Se Serr vi vice ce Bu Bullllet etin in sha ll be pre prepa pared red and distributed promptly to confirm and elaborate upon such messages. Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

GENERAL

Service Bulletins shall contain a title. It shall contain the chapter name keyword, and a brief statement of the work involved. involv ed. Tis informatio information n shall shal l be in the sequence stated, such as "Air Conditioning - Out-Flow Valve - Install New Relay in Differential Control.", or for Engine Conversion Service Bulletin "urbojet Engine Service Bulletin No. 4716, Conversion Model 3250-15 to Model 3250- 17R." Te body bo dy of the Ser Service vice Bullet Bulletin in may be preceded prece ded by a summary. Te summary shall contain an overview of the information contained in the Service Bulletin. Te body of Service Bulletins shall be prepared in the following sections: Planning Informatio Information, n, Material Informatio Information, n, Accomplishment Instructions and optional Appendices. PLANNING INFORMA INFORMATION TION

Ti s se Tis sect ct ion sh shaa ll con conta ta in th thee in infor format mat ion re requ quir ired ed to permit the operator to determine if the Service Bulletin should be applied to his equipment and to plan its accomp accomplishment. lishment. It includes the following: • SB Effectivit Effectivityy - specif ies the equipment to which the Service Bulletin is applicable. A Service Bulletin Number shall apply to one model or type only. • Concurre Concurrent nt Requirements Requirements,, when applicable, state if other Service Bulletins or portions thereof, have to be accomplished in conjunction with, prior to, or subsequent to accomplishment of the subject Service Serv ice Bulletin. • Reason - under this heading, sufficient facts shal shalll be provided to assist the operator in determining the Service Bulletin's applicability to, or effect on, his operation. • Descript Description ion - provides a brief but complete statement outlining what the Service Bulletin does.

7.5


Eng. M. Rasool

Figure 7-4. Typical service bulletin.

•

Compliance Recommendation - Tis section shall contain the manufacturer's recommendations for accomplishment accomp lishment of the actions speci fied in the Service Bulletin.

•

h e SB sh he shaa l l in incl clude ude one of th thes esee fou fourr com compl plia ianc ncee recommendation categories in the service bulletin: • Serv Service ice Bulleti Bulletin n must be accomplished. • Service Bulletin recomme recommended nded to be accomp accomplished lished to prevent significant operational disruptions. • Serv Service ice Bulleti Bulletin n to introduce improvemen improvements. ts. • Serv Service ice Bulleti Bulletin n for convenience or option.

•

•

•

shows excerpts from a typical Service Ser vice Bulletin. Figure 7-4 shows • When govern governmental mental approva approvall of a cha change nge is requi required, red, approval shall be obtained prior to release of the Service Bulletin.

Weight and Balance - Weig Weight Weight ht and balance data shal shalll be furnished. Electrical Load Data - Provide a statement as to the effect of the Service Bulletin on the aircraft electrical loads. Software Accomplishm Accomplishment ent Summary - If the Service Bulletin involves any change to software, include the Accomplishment Summary information in accordance with RCA Document DO-178. Other Publications Affected - List the chapter/ section locations within affected manuals and catalogs, and Service Bulletins which wil l require revision as a consequence of a Serv ice Bulletin or Service Bulletin revision. Interchangeability or Intermixability of Parts When Wh en pa part rtss ar aree int interc ercha hange ngeable able,, th thee Ser vi vice ce Bulletin shall include a section that identifies the possibility of full substitution of premodified and a nd post-modified components. à

Te planning information in formation section should also include: • Manpower - Provide an estimate of the man-hours required by the operators to perform the Service Bulletin. 7.6


Eng. M. Rasool MATERIAL INFORMATION

Material information is also given in the body of the Service Bulletin. It typically t ypically includes the following: • Material Price and Availabilit y - provides a complete list of parts kits available and the list price, price duration, price break quantity, and delivery information for kits. • Industry Support Information - items that are to be provided at "no-charge" or at a reduced price should be identified. • Material Necessary for Each Aircraf t/Engine/ Component - Items for which standard or military equivalents may be used shall be identified. • Re-id Re-identified entified Parts - Specify any any parts that can be reworked or re-identified and made interchangeable. • ooling Price and Availabi lity - when specia l equipment, such as tools, jigs, fixtures, or test equipment are required to accomplish the modification and it is available, the estimated price and delivery schedule shall be provided, including the manufacturer's name if other than the issuer of the Service Bulletin. • Accomplishment Instruct Instructions ions • A section on the Serv Service ice Bulletin shal shalll contain stepby-step instructions for accomplishing the work.

SERVICE LETTER (SL) Te Serv S ervice ice Letter Let ter (SL) is the t he document docu ment used to notify notif y the Airlines of the types of information that are not included in Service Bulletins.

MODIFICATIONS AND MODIFICATIONS REPAIRS Damage shall be assessed and modifications and repairs carried out using data approved by the Agency or by an approved Part-21 design organization, as appropriate.

MAINTENANCE DOCUMENTATION A l l ma in Al inte te na nc ncee wo work rk do done ne mu must st be do cu me ment nted ed and copies retained of all CRS's issued. Detailed maintenance record copies must be retained for 2 years from date of release of aircraft or component. Originals shall go with aircraft/component. Records shall be retained in a safe environment environment with regard fire, flood and theft. Computer back-up discs and tapes etc. shall Module 10 - Aviation Legislation

be stored in different locations to the working disc, disc , tapes etc. to ensure at least one good copy will survive should there be theft or flood etc. o p e r fo r m t h e ma i nt e na nc e , t he op e r at or mu s t posses and make permanently available the aircraft manufacturer’s approved maintenance data. Tis takes many forms such as maintenance manuals, structural repair manuals, illustrated parts manuals, wiring diagrams, SB’s and more.

MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LISTS MMEL/MEL An operator shall establish, for each airpl airplane, ane, a Minimum Equipment List (MEL) approved by the Authority. Tis shall be based upon, but no less restrictive than, the relevant Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) (if this exists) accepted by the Authority. An operator shall not operate an airplane other than in accordance wit w ith h t he ME MEL L un le less ss pe perm rm it itte ted d by th e Aut ho hori ritt y. Any such per permiss mission ion wi willll in no circ circumst umstance ancess per permit mit operation outside the constraints of the MMEL. DDL DISPA DIS PATCH TCH DEVIA DEV IATION TION LIST LI ST (OR CDL) Te DDL is also called ca lled by some aircraft aircr aft manufacturer manufac turer a CDL (Configur (Configuration ation Deviation List). Te Configuration Deviation List (CD (CDL) L) allows for continued operations with wi th mi miss ssin ingg se secon conda da r y ai rf ra rame me an and d en engi gine ne pa rt s. Appr Ap prov ovaa l for op oper erat atin ingg wi with th th thes esee pa r ts mi miss ssin ingg is authorized by an amendment to the type certificate whic wh ich h as a re resu sult lt req requi uires res a A ir ircr craf af t Fl igh ightt Ma Manua nua l (AFM) supplement. Any part not included in the CDL must be considered necessary for flight. herefore, wit w it ho ut a CD CDL L , m is si ng s ec on ond d a r y a i r f r a me a nd engine parts would ground the airplane until repair or replacement of the part is accomplished.

A n ap An appr prov oved ed CDL is ev a lu luat ated ed ba base sed d on Ad Advv is isor or y Circular AC 25-7A during flight testing for aircraft certification and contains the necessary takeoff performance decrement, the landing performance decrement, and the en route performance decrement as appropriate for the airplane type.

7.7


Eng. M. Rasool MINIMUM EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS - TEST FLIGHTS A permit p ermit to fly is general g enerally ly issued is sued when a certificate cer tificate of airworthiness is tempo temporarily rarily invalid, for example as the result of a damage, or when a certificate of airworthiness cannot be issued for instance when the aircraft does not comply with the essential requirements requi rements for for airworthiness airwort hiness or when compliance with those requirements has not yet been shown, but the aircraft is nevertheless capable of performing a safe flight. est flights are includes in this category. EASA permits test flights knowing that minimum equipment requirements for safe flight are met on the aircraft in question. An application for a permit to fly must be submitted. ETOPS Within With in ICAO EOPS E OPS (Ex (Extende tended d win Ope Operat rations) ions) has been superseded by EDO (Extended diversion time operations) since 2012 2 012 by ICAO provisions of State Letter SP 59/4.1-11/8 of June 2011. Refer to ICAO Annex 6.1 amendment 36.

Definition: Definiti on: Extended Diversion ime Operations (EDO) - Any operation by an airplane with two or more turbine engines where the diversion time to an enroute alternate aerodrome is greater than the threshold time established by the State of the Operator (typically 60 minutes). However the EOPS rules (AMC 20.6) still apply wit w it h in t he E A SA Me Memb mber er St at es un untt i l 2 016 a nd an operator shall not conduct operations beyond the threshold distance determined in accordance with OPS 1.245 unless approved to do so by the Authority (EOPS approval). MAINTENANCE PROGRAM

h e ma he main inte tena nance nce pro progr gr am of an ai rc rcra ra ft for wh whic ich h EOPS operational approval is sought, should contain the standards, guidance and instructions necessary to support the intended operation. he specific EOPS maintenance tasks identified by the (S)C holder holder in the Configuration, Maintenance and Procedures document (CMP) or equivalent should be included in the maintenance program and identified as EOPS tasks.

7.8

An E EOPS OPS Ma Maint intena enance nce ta task sk cou could ld be an E EOPS OPS specific task or/ or/and and a maintenance task affecting an EOPS significant system. An EOPS specific task could be either an existing task with a different interval for EOPS, a task unique to EOPS operations, or a task mandated by the CMP further to the in-service experience review (note that in the case EOPS is considered as baseline in the development of a maintenance program, no "EOPS specific" task may be identified in the MRB).  he ma in he inte tena na nc ncee pr prog og ra m sh shou ould ld in incl clud udee ta sk s to maintain the integrity of cargo compartment and pressurization features, including baggage hold liners, door seals and drain valve condition. Processes should be implemented to monitor the effectiveness of the maintenance program in this regard. PRE-DEPARTURE SERVICE CHECK

An EOPS service ser vice check should be developed to verify veri fy the status of the airplane and the EOPS significant systems. his check should be accomplished by an authorized and trained tra ined person prior to an EOPS flight. Such a person may be a member of the flight crew. RELIABILITY PROGRAM

 h e r e l i a bi l it y p ro g r a m of a n E  OP S o p er at e d h aircraft should be designed with early identification and prevention of failures or malfunctions of EOPS significant systems as the primary goal. herefore the reliability program should include assessment of EOPS Signif icant Systems performance performance during scheduled inspection/testing, to detect system failure trends in order to implement appropriate corrective action such as scheduled task t ask adjustment. h e re he reli liabi abi li litt y pr prog ogra ram m sho shoul uld d be ev eventent-or orien ienta tate ted d and incorporate: • • • • • •

Reporting procedures in accordance with section 2: Occurrence reporting Operator’s assessment of propulsion systems reliabil reliability ity APU in-flight star startt program Oil Consumption Program Engine Condition Monitoring Program Verification Program


Eng. M. Rasool COMPETENCE OF CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS AND MAINTENANCE MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL (CAMO)

Te CAMO (Continuing Air worth worthiness iness Maintena Maintenance nce Organization) organization should ensure that the personnel involved in the continuing airworthiness management of the aircraft have knowledge of the EOPS procedures of the operator.

à à

ALL WEATHER WEATHER OPERAT OPERATIONS IONS (CAT 2 AND 3 OPERATIONS) Definitions: Definiti ons: •

Te CAMO CA MO should ensure ensu re that th at maintenance personnel that are involved in EOPS maintenance tasks: •

•

Have completed an EOPS trai ning program reflecting the relevant EOPS procedures of the operator, and, Have satisfactorily performed EOPS tasks under supervision, within w ithin the framework of the PartPart-14 1455 approved procedures for Personnel Authorization.

•

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TRAINING PROGRAM

For personnel involved in the continuing airworthiness and maintenance of the EOPS Fleet the operator’s EOPS training program should provide initial and recurrent training for as follows: •

Introduction to EOPS Regulat Regulations ions Contents of AMC 20-6 EOPS ype Design Approval – brief synopsis EOPS Operations Approval Maximum approved diversion times and time limited systems capability Operator’s Approved Diversion ime EOPS Area and Routes EOPS MEL EOPS Continuing Airworthiness Considerations EOPS Significant Systems CMP & EOPS aircraft maintenance program EOPS pre-departure pre-departure service check EOPS reliability program procedures Engine/APU oil consumption monitoring Engine/APU Oil analysis Engine conditioning monitoring APU in-flight start program Verification program after maintenance Failures, malf malfunctions unctions and defect reporting Propulsion System Monitoring/Reporti Monitoring/Reporting ng EOPS significa significant nt systems reliabilit reliabilityy Parts and configuration control program à

CAMO additional procedures for EOPS Interface procedures between PartPart-14 1455 organization and CAMO

Category II - Landi ng followin g a precision approach using an Instrument Landing System or Microwave System with a decision height of below 200 feet but not less than 100 feet. Runway visual range: not less than 300 meters. Category IIIA - Landing following a precision approach using an Instrument Landing System or Microwave System with a decision height of below 100 feet. Runway visual range: not less than 200 20 0 meters. Category IIIB - Landin g following a precision approach using an Instrument Landing System or Microwave System with a decision height of below 50 feet. Runway visual range: less than 200 meters but not less than 75 meters.

AIR OPERATIONS OPERATIONS SUBPART SUBPART-E -E Aii r O p e ra t io ns Su bp a r t-E 1. 4 4 0 de te r m i ne s t he A requirements set for Category II, IIIA and IIIB operations, and low visibility takeoffs.

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LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS — GENERAL OPERATING RULES (OPS 1.440) An A n op er at ator or sh a l l no nott co cond nduc uc t Ca Cate te go gorr y I I or II I operations unless:

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•

• • •

Each air plane concerned is certi ficated for operations with decision heights below 200 ft, or no decision height, and equipped in accordance with wi th CS CS-AWO -AWO on al l-we l-weat athe herr op oper erat ation ionss or an equivalent accepted by the Authority; A suitable system for recording approach and/or automatic automa tic landing success a nd failure is established and maintained to monitor the overall safety of the operation; Te operations are approved by the Authority; Te flight crew consists of at least 2 pilots; and Decision height is determined by by means of a radio altimeter. alt imeter.

à


7.9


Eng. M. Rasool An operator shal sh alll not conduct low visibil visibility ity takeoffs in less than 150 m RVR (Category A, B and C airplanes) or 200 m RVR (Category D airplanes) unless approved by the Authority.

MAINTENANCE GENERAL h  h e a i r o p e r a t o r ’s m a i n t e n a n c e c o nt r ol s y s t e m must address all applicable equipment listed in the component concordance tables which includes the quantity required, the minimum required a nd all applicable aircraft maintenance tests as applicable in the AFM and/or Maintenance Manual.

W hi le th er Whi eree ma mayy be di ff ffer eren ence cess in t he op oper erat ation ion a l capability, avionics equipment capability level and required maintenance, maintenance, between a ircraft certi fied for CA II operation and those certified for CA III, this section does not distinguish between those differences; i.e., the details provided in the operator’s maintenance control system will be predicated on the level of operation for which the program is developed. EQUIPMENT APPROVAL he conf ig igurat uration ion or spe specif cif icat ications ions of the equip equipment ment installed for CA II or III operation must be certified. For CA I certified aircraft, additional avionics equipment and/or modification to or substitution of installed equipment may be necessary in an upgrading program leading to CA II or III certification. certificat ion. Tis may be accomplished by an OEM modification or by SC as part of a modification. Te instructions for continued airworthiness (ICA) for the aircraft must include supplemental ICAs which address these modifications.

A newer ne wer airc aircraf raftt may be b e t yp ypee certi c ertificated ficated for CA II/ III when delivered to an operator and consequently will already have applicable ICA that address CA II/III maintenance requirements.

the operator’s technical dispatch procedures and maintenance schedule(s) must take into account the requirements of CA II/III operations. An oper operator ator may apply for approv approval al of thei theirr propo proposed sed maintenance schedule in advance of a formal application being submitted for CA CA II/III II/ III approval. When W hen submitting the proposed maintenance schedule for approval, the operator should indicate that Cat II/III operation is intended. he responsible CCA inspector will review the maintenance schedule development to become familiar with itit and to provid providee guidance guidance to the the operat operator or.. MAINTENANCE CONTROL MANUAL hee Ma h Maint inten enan ance ce Con Contr trol ol Ma Manua nua l mus mustt add re ress ss at least the following: • Maintenance, calibration and verification of the accuracy of the aircraft systems related to CA II or III operation, in accordance with the type certificate holder’s ICAs, any applicable supplemental ICAs and requirements included in the approved maintenance schedule; • echnical dispatch procedures for CA II or III operations that includes; Rating of the aircraft from CA II or III status because the integrity of one or more of the systems required for such operation is in doubt; Rating of the aircraft aircraf t because of a defect, inspection or calendar criteria, if applicab applicable; le; and Returning the aircraft to CA II or III status following required maintenance; • Initial and update train training ing for all personnel that have tasks related to CA II/III maintenance schedule including log book entries, placarding and returning to service serv ice criteria; and • Reliabilit y monitoring program that includes procedures for reporting findings. à

à

à

MAINTENANCE CONTROL SYSTEM he  he fo foll lo low w in g ge ne ra l re qu i re me ment ntss re la te to t he development of an oper ator’ ator’ss mai ntenance control system in support of CA II/III operations.

o ensure o ens ure the high level of performance per formance and reliabil reliability ity required for aircraft automatic flight control and related systems for CA II/III certification and operation, 7.10



7-11 Question: 7-

Question: 7-5

are periodic inspections that have to be done on all commercial/civil aircraft after a certain amount of time or usage.

EOPS regulations concern twin-engine aircraft being able to be more than minutes from any diversion airport.

Question: 7-2

Question: 7-6

It is for an aircra aircraft ft operator to comply comp ly with an Airworthiness Directive.

A Categroy II or, Cat Cat 2, landing decision dec ision height is below 200 feet but not less than feet.

Question: 7-3


Aircr aft customers (operators) Aircraft (operators) may exercise their discretion whether or not to incorporate .

Question: 7-4 Te ability to operate is constantly in question and can be withdrawn at any time.


7.11


Answer: 7-1

Answer: 7-5

Maintenance checks.

60.

Answer: 7-2

Answer: 7-6

mandatory.

100.

Answer: 7-3 service bulletins.

Answer: 7-4 "EOPS".

7.12


Eng. M. Rasool (ACRONYMS MS USED IN THIS MANUAL) ACRONYM ACRON YM INDEX (ACRONY

ACI AD AEA AFM AIS ALI ANS AOC APU AA A A AM BIE CAMO CAMP CAS CJEU CMC CMP CMR CDL CPCP CofA CRS CS EASA EC EPA EP A EDO EOPS ESO EU FAA FAR FEC FH FL GVI HMV IAOPA IAOP A IAA ICAO ICA O IFALPA IFALP A IFR IMA IMO ISG

Air ports Council International Airports Airworthiness Directive Association Associat ion of European Airli Airlines nes Aircraft Flight Manual Airmen Air men Information Serv Service ice Airworthines Air worthinesss Limitation Item Air Navigati Navigation on Services Air Operator Certi Certificate ficate Auxiliaryy Pow Auxiliar Power er Uni Unitt Air ransport Associat Association ion Air raffic Management Built In est Equipment Continuous Air Airworthiness worthiness Maintenance Organizat Organization ion Continuous Air Airworthiness worthiness Maintenance Program Calibrated Calibrat ed Airspeed Court of Justice of the European Union Central Maintenance Computer Configuration, Configu ration, Maintenance, and Procedures Certification Certi fication Maintenance Requirement Configuration Configu ration Deviation List Corrosion Prevention and Control Program Certificate of Airworthiness Certificate Certi ficate of Release to Serv Service ice Certification Certi fication Specificat Specification ion European Aviation Safety Agency European Commission European Parts Approval Extended Diversion ime Operation Extended win Operations European echnica echnicall Standard Order European Union Federal Aviation Administ Administration ration Federal Aviation Regulat Regulation ion Failure Effect Category Flight Hours Flight Level General Visual Inspection Heavy Maintenance Visit International Council Aircra Aircraft ft Owners and Pilots Associat Association ion International Air ransportat ransportation ion Association International Civil Aviation Organizat Organization ion International Federation of Airli Airline ne Pilots Association Instrument Instru ment Flight Rules Integrated Modular Avionics International Maritime Organiz Organization ation Industry Steering Committee

Module 10 - Acronym Index

A.1

Eng. M. Rasool MANUAL) ACRONYM ACRONY M INDEX (ACRONYMS USED IN THIS MANUAL)

IU JAA JAR MEL MMEL MNPS MOE MPD MRB MRO MSG MSI MBF MBUR MOE MOP MWG NAA NOAM OEM PICAO PICA O PPH R&M R& M RNAV RNA V RCA RVSM SB SIL SL SSI SC C UN VFR WHO WMO ZIP

A.2

International elecommunication Union Joint Aviation Authority Joint Aviation Requirements Minimum Equipment List Master Minimum Equipment List Minimum Navigation Performance Specificat Specification ion Maintenance Organizat Organization ion Exposition Maintenance Planning Document Maintenance Review Board Maintenance, Repair, Overhaul Maintenance Steering Group Maintenance Significa Significant nt Item Mean ime Between Failures Mean ime Between Unscheduled Removals Maintenance raining Organizat Organization ion Exposition Maximum Max imum akeoff Power Maintenance Wor Working king Group National Aviation Authority Notice to Air Airmen men Originall Equipment Manufactu Origina Manufacturer rer Provisional International Civil Aviation Organiz Organization ation Policy and Procedures Handbook Repair and Maintenance Area Navigation Radio echnical Commission For Aeronautics Reduced Vertica erticall Separation Minima Service Bulletin Service Serv ice Information Letter Service Letter Structural Struct ural Significa Significant nt Item Supplemental ype Certi Certificate ficate ype Certific Certificate ate United Nations Visual Flight Rules World Wo rld Health Organizat Organization ion World Wo rld Meteorological Organiz Organization ation Zonal Inspection Program

Module 10 - Acronym Index

Eng. M. Rasool GLOSSARY

Subpart-A: Subpart-B: Subpart-C: Subpart-D: Subpart-E: Subpart-F: Subpart-G: Subpart-H: Subpart-I: Subpart-J: Subpart-K: Subpart-L: Subpart-M: Subpart-N: Subpart-O: Subpart-P: Subpart-Q: Subpart-R: Subpart-S:

Applicabilit y and Definitions Applicability General Operator Certific Certification ation and Superv Supervision ision Operational Procedures Alll Weather Operations Al Performance General Performance Class A Performance Class B Performance Class C Mass and Balance Instruments and Equipment Communication and Navigation Equipment Aeroplane Maintenance Flight Crew Cabin Crew Manuals, Logs and Records Flight/Dut Flight /Dutyy ime Limitations and Rest Requirements ransport of Dangerous Goods by Air Security

Extended Diversion ime Operations (EDO) Any operation by an a n airpla a irplane ne with w ith two or more turbine engines where the t he diversion d iversion time t ime to an en-route alternate aerodrome is greater than the threshold time established by the State of the Operator. Category II - Landing following a precision approach using an Instrument Landing System or Microwave System with a decision height of below 200 feet but not less than 100 feet. Runway visual r ange: not less than 30 0 meters. Category IIIA - Landing La nding following a precision approach using an Instrument Landing System or Microwave System with a decision height of below 100 100 feet. Runway visual visua l range: not less than 200 2 00 meters. Category IIIB - Landing following a precision approach using an Instrument Landing System or Microwave System with a decision height of below 50 feet. Runway visual range: less tha n 200 meters but not less than 75 meters.

Module 10 - Glossary

G.1

Eng. M. Rasool

G.2

Module 10 - Glossary

Eng. M. Rasool INDEX

A Acceptance of components (145.A.42) (145.A.42) ........................... Accountabilityy – Subpart Accountabilit Subpar t-B B .......................................... "A"" Check ...................................................................... "A Additional Information In formation And Forms o Be Carried Carr ied (OPS 1.135) .................................................. Aircraft Airc raft Air A irworth worthiness iness Review Rev iew (MA 901) 9 01) .................... Aircraft Airc raft Certi C ertificate ficate Of Release o Service Serv ice (MA 801) 8 01)... Aircraft Airc raft Continuing C ontinuing Airwor Ai rworthiness thiness Record R ecord System (MA 305) ...................................................... Aircraft Airc raft Defects D efects (MA (M A 403) ............................................ Aircraft Airc raft Groups Gr oups (66.A.5) ............................................... Aircraft Airc raft Maintenance M aintenance Program Prog ram ..................................... Aircraft Airc raft Registr R egistration ation ...................................................... Air Operators O perators Certificates Cer tificates (AOC) ................................. Air ransport ranspor t EASA Operations Op erations .................................. Air worth worthiness iness Directives Direct ives .............................................. Air worth worthiness iness Directives Direct ives ............................................... Air worth worthiness iness Directives Direct ives (MA (M A 303) ............................. Air worth worthiness iness Review Rev iew Certificate Cert ificate – Subpar t-I .............. Alertt SB ......................................................................... Aler Alll Weather Operations (CA 2 and 3 Operations) ..... Al Alternate Experience Ex perience ..................................................... Analysis Analy sis of Accidental Damage Dama ge ..................................... Analysis Analy sis of Zip asks asks ..................................................... Annex 1 - Personnel Licensing L icensing ...................................... Annex 6 - Operation O peration Of Aircra A ircraft ft .................................. Annex 8 - Airw A irworth orthiness iness Of Aircraf Ai rcraftt............................ Annex 10 - Aeronautical Aeronautica l elecommunications elecommunications .............. Application (66.A.10) (66.A .10) .................................................... Application (145.A.15) (145.A.15) ................................................... Application (M.A.6 (M .A.602) 02) .................................................. Approvall......................................................................... Approva Approvall Requirements (21A.145) ................................ Approva Approvall Requirements (21A.245) Approva (21A. 245) ................................ AA Spec 220 0..............................................................

C 3.8 6.3 7.2 4.13 6.11 6.10 6.6 6.8 2.3 4.5 5.11 4.2 1.11 6.2 7.3 6.6 6.11 7.5 7.99 7. 2.9 4.10 4.11 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.3 3.3 3.13 5.144 5.1 5.4 5.5 7.44 7.

B Basic Experience Experience Requirements Requirements (66.A.30) (66.A.30) ...... ............ ............ ........ .. Basic Knowledge Requirements Re quirements ..................................... Basic Knowledge Knowledge Requirements Requirements (66.A.25) ...... ............ ............ ........ .. "B" Check ...................................................................... Bilaterall Cooperation ..................................................... Bilatera Board Of Appeal Appealss .......................................................... Module 10 - Index

2.8 2.11 2.7 7.2 1.11 1.7

Caution........................................................................... 6.9 "C" Check ..................................................................... 7.2 CDL ............................................................................... 4.12 Certificate Certi ficate of Release to Service Serv ice (CRS) – Subpart-H .... 6.10 Certificates Certi ficates of Air worth worthiness iness ......................................... 5.8 Certification Certi fication of Maintenance (145.A.50) ....................... 3.10 Certification Certi fication Specific Specifications ations (CS) ................................... 5.2 Certifying Staff and Category Category B1 and B2 Support Staff (1 (145.A.35) 45.A.35) ............................................ 3.6 Certifying Staff (M.A.607) ................ ...................... ............ ............ ............ ......... ... 3.15 Changes to the Approved Maintenance Organization Organ ization (M.A.617) (M. A.617)............................................ 3.17 Changes to the Organi O rganization zation (145.A.85) (145.A.85) ....................... 3.13 Common Lang Language uage (OPS 1.025) .................................. 4.4 Competence Competen ce Of Continuin Continuingg Air worthiness and Maintenance Personnel (CAMO) ................................. 7. 7.99 Competent Authority Authorit y (66.B.10) ..................................... 2.12 Competent Authority (MB 102) ................................... 6.14 Component Certificate of Release to Service (M.A.612) (M.A .612) .................................................................. 3.16 Component Certificate Of Release o Service (M.A.613) (M.A .613) .................................................................. 3.16 Component Certificate Of Release o Service (MA 802) .................................................................. 6.11 6 .11 Components, Equipment and ools ools (M.A.608) (M.A. 608) ........... 3.16 Components Maintenance (M 502) .............................. 6.8 Components – Subpart-E .............................................. 6.8 Contents and Conditions of the Air Operator Certificate Certi ficate (OPS 1.17 1.1755 Addendum) ........................... 4.3 Continued Validit Validit y of Approval (M.A.618 (M.A. 618)) .................. 3.17 Continued Validity of the Aircraft Maintenance License (66.A.40) ....................................................... 2.9 Continue Validity Validit y (145.A.90) (145.A.90) ......................................... 3.13 Continuing Airworthiness Airworth iness Management Organization Organ ization - Subpart-G ......................................... 6.10 Continuing Airworthiness Airworth iness Management Organization Organ ization (Subpart-G) ......................................... 4.4 Continuing Airwort Airworthiness hiness - Subpart-C Subpart-C ............ .................. ........... ..... 6.4 Continuing Airwort Airworthiness hiness asks (MA 301) 301) ...... ............ .......... .... 6.4 Control of Unserv Unserviceable iceable Components (MA 504) ........ 6.9 Conversion Provisions (66.A.70) ................................... 2.10 CS-VLA Very Light Air Airplanes planes ..................................... 5.4

I.1


D Damage Analysis Ana lysis due to the Environment .................... Data For Modif ications And Repairs (MA 304) .. .... "D" Check ..................................................................... DDL Dispatch Deviation List (OR CDL) .................... Definitions (1 (145.A.5) 45.A.5) ..................................................... Definitions for Exercising Priv Privileges ileges ............................. Design Organ Organization ization Approva Approvall...................................... Developing Nation Assistance ..................................... Documents ..................................................................... Documents o Be Carried (OPS 1.125) ........................ Duration And Continued Valid alidity ity (21A.159)................ Duration and Continued Validit Validit y (21A.259).................

G 4.10 6.6 7.2 7.77 7. 3.2 2.6 5.5 1.11 5.6 4.12 5.5 5.6

E EASA Internal Internal Structure And Operation ...... ............ ............ ......... ... 1.7 EASA Relations With Te Other Aviation Authorities 1.11 EASA Responsibil Responsibilities ities .................................................. 1.6 Eligibility Eligibil ity (66.A.15) ....................................................... 2.5 Emergency Exit Ex it Markings Marki ngs (CS 26.110)......................... 4.14 Emergency Markings Mark ings ..................................................... 4.14 Endorsement Endo rsement with Aircraft Ratings (66.A.45) ...... ........... ........ ... 2.9 Engine Conversion SB ................................................... 7.5 Equipment Approval Approva l...................................................... 7.10 Equipment, ools ools and Material (145.A.40) (145.A.40) ................... 3.8 EOPS .......................................................................... 7.8 Air Operations Op erations SubpartSubpar t-E E ............................................. 7. 7.99 Evidence of Qualification Qualificat ion (66.A (66.A.55) .55) .............................. 2.10 Executive Director ......................................................... 1.7 Exemptions (66.B.30) .................................................... 2.12 Extent of Approval (M.A.603) (M.A.6 03) ...................................... 3.13

F Facilities (M.A.605) ...................................................... Facility Requirements (1 (145.A.25 45.A.25)) .................................. Failures, Malfunctions And Defects Defects ........ .............. ............ ........... ......... .... Fifth Fift h Freedom Agreement ............................................. Financiall Requirements ................................................. Financia Findingss (145.A.95) Finding (145.A.95) ....................................................... Findingss (M.A.619 Finding (M.A. 619)) ....................................................... Findingss (MA 905) ....................................................... Finding

I.2

3.15 3.3 6.2 1.3 1.8 3.13 3.18 6.13

General Presentation ...................................................... General Rules For Air Operator Certification Certi fication (OPS 1.1 1.175) 75) .......................................... General – Subpar Subpartt-A A ..................................................... General Understanding ..................................................

4.5 4.2 6.3 4.2

I ICAO Composition And Concerns ............................... ICAO Goals And Objectives ......................................... Identification of Parts and Appliances Appl iances ........................... Identification Iden tification of Parts anD Appliances (21A.804) ........ ........ Identification of Products (21A.801) ............................. Independence And Superv ision ..................................... Information Informat ion in Part-66 Part-66 Appendices Append ices ............................... Installation Instal lation (MA 501).................................................... Interior Emergency Lighting and Emergency Light Operation Operat ion (CS 26.120) ..................................... International Internati onal Civil Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO (ICAO)) ...... ...... International Recr Recruitment uitment ............................................. Issuance .......................................................................... Issue, Variation and Continued Validity of an AOC (OPS 1.180) 1.180) ......................................................

1.3 1.3 4.13 4.13 4.13 1.6 2.15 6.8 4.15 1.2 1.6 7.4 4.3

L Larg e Air Large Airplanes planes (CS 25) ................................................ 5.3 Largee Rotorcraf Larg Rotorcraftt (CS 29.1 29.1)) ............................................ 5.3 Laws, Regulations and Procedures — Operator’s Responsibilities Responsibil ities (OPS 1.020) ..................................... 4.4 License Categories (66.A.3) ........................................... 2.3 License Extension .......................................................... 2.8 Limitation on the Organization Organizat ion (145.A.80) (145.A.80) .................. 3.13 Limitations (66.A.50) .................................................... 2.10 Low Visibility Operations — General Operating Operat ing Rules (OPS 1.440) .................................... 7. 7.99

M Maintenance .................................................................. Maintenance Checks and Inspections ........................... Maintenance Control Manual ....................................... Maintenance Control System ........................................ Maintenance Data (1 (145.A.45) 45.A.45) ........................................

7.10 7.10 7.2 7.10 7. 10 7.10 7. 10 3.9

Module 10 - Index


Maintenance Data (MA 401) 401) ........................................ 6.7 Maintenance Data (M.A.609) (M.A. 609) ....................................... 3.16 Maintenance Documentation ........................................ 7. 7.77 Maintenancee Organization Exposition Maintenanc (MOE) (145.A.70) (145.A.70) ..................................................... 3.12 Maintenancee Organization Manual (M.A.604) ...... Maintenanc ............ ...... 3.1 3.144 Maintenance Organization – Subpart-F........................ 6.9 Maintenance Planning Document (MPD).................... (MPD) .................... 4.12 Maintenance Progra Program m ................................................... 7.8 Maintenancee Program (M.A.302) Maintenanc (M. A.302) ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ......... ... 4.5 Maintenance Progra Program m (MA 302) ................................. 6.5 Maintenance Records (145.A.55)................................... 3.10 Maintenance Records (M.A.614 (M.A .614)) .................................. 3.17 Maintenance Standards Standa rds (M.A.611) ............................... 3.16 Maintenance Standard Standardss – Subpart-D ............................ 6.7 Maintenance Work Orders (M.A.610) (M .A.610) .......................... 3.16 Management Board ....................................................... 1.7 Manuals o Be Carried (OPS 1.130)............................. 1.130)............................. 4.12 Marking Mark ing of Break-In Points ........................................... 4.13 Mass and Balance Documentation (Air Operations 1.625) 5.13 Materiall Information ..................................................... 7. Materia 7.77 MEL .............................................................................. 4.12 Member State Obligation .............................................. 1.9 Minimum Mini mum Equipment Lists ........................................... 7. 7.77 Minimum Equipment Lists & CDL (Operator's Responsibilities) ...................................... 4.12 Minimum Mini mum Equipment Requirements - est Flights...... 7.8 MMEL/M MMEL /MEL EL ............................................................... 7. 7.77 Modifications Modific ations And Repai Repairs rs ............................................ 7. 7.77 Multilateral Multil ateral Cooperation ............................................... 1.11 Mutual Exchange Of Information (66.B.25) ............. ................ ... 2.12

N New License ................................................................... 2.8 Noise Certification Certi fication ......................................................... 5.12 Normal, Utility Aerobatic and Commuter Airplanes Air planes (CS 23)....................................................... 5.2

O Obligations from Certification Maintenance Requirements Requir ements (CMR) ................................................ 4.9 Obligations Of Te Holder (21A.165)........................... 5.5 Occurence Repor Reporting ting (MA 202) .................................. 6.4 Module 10 - Index

Occur rence Reporting (145.A.60) Occurrence (145.A.60) ................................. Operator’s Responsibil Responsibilities ities ............................................. Operator echnica echnicall Log System (MA 306) .................. Organizational Organ izational Review Revie w (M.A.616) ................................ Owner and/or Te Operator Obligations Obligations (MA 306).....

3.11 4.4 6.7 3.17 6.6

P Part 21 General Provisions ............................................ 6.2 Part 21 – Subpart-J......................................................... 5.5 Part-66 ........................................................................... 2.3 Part-66.B Procedures Procedure s For Competent Authorities Authorities ....... 2.11 Part 145 .......................................................................... 3.2 Part 145 145 – Maintenance Maintenance Organization Requirements Requirements ... 3.2 Part-M............................................................................ 6.3 Part-M - Subpar Subpart-F t-F - Maintenance Organization Organi zation ........ 3.13 Performance of Maintenance (MA 402) ...................... 6.7 Permits to Fly ................................................................. 5.11 Personnel Requirements (1 (145.A.30) 45.A.30) .............................. 3.3 Personnel Requirements (M.A.60 (M. A.606) 6) .............................. 3.15 Pilot Owner Authorizat Authorization ion (MA 803) ......................... 6.11 Planning Plann ing Information .................................................... 7.5 Powerplant and Systems Progra Program.................................. m.................................. 4.7 Pre-Departure Pre-Depar ture Serv ice Check ........................................ 7.8 Privileges Priv ileges (21A.163)....................................................... 5.5 Privileges Priv ileges (21A.263) ...................................................... 5.6 Privileges Priv ileges (66.A.2 (66.A.20) 0) ...................................................... 2.5 Privileges Priv ileges of the Organization Organi zation (145.A.75) (145.A.75) ..................... 3.12 Privileges of the Organization Orga nization (M.A.615)..................... (M.A.615)..................... 3.17 Procedure for Competent Authorities Section-B ................................................................... 6.14 Procedure for the Change of an Aircraf t Maintenance License to Include an Additional Basic Category or Subcategor y (66.B.110) (66.B.110) ................. 2.13 Procedure for the Change of an Aircraf t Maintenance License to Include an Aircraft Rating or to Remove Limitations (66.B.115)............. (66.B.115)............. 2.13 Procedure for the Conversion of Licenses Including Group Ratings Ratin gs (66.B.125) ......................... 2.14 Procedure for the Direct Approval of Aircraf t ype  ype raining raini ng (66.B.130)........................................... 2.15 Procedure for the Issue of an Aircraft Maintenance License by Te Competent Authority (66.B.100) .................................................. 2.12 Procedure for the Issue of an Aircraft Maintenance License via a Maintenance Organization Approved in I.3


Accordance with Annex (Part-145) (Part-145) (66.B.105).......... Procedure for the Renewal of an Ai rcraft Maintenance License Valid alidity ity (66.B.120) ........................................ Production Organ Organization ization Approval ............................... Production planning plannin g (145.A.47) (145.A.47) .................................... Purpose Pur pose .........................................................................

2.13 2.13 5.4 3.10 7.3

R Radio Station License and Approval ............................. 5.1 5.144 Record Keeping (66.B. (66.B.20) 20) ............................................. 2.12 Record Keeping (MB 104) ............................................ 6.14 Regulation Regu lation (EC) 216/2008 ............................................ 1.9 Regulation Regu lation (EC) 748/2012 ............................................ 1.9 Regulation Regu lation (EC) 1321/2014 ........................................... 1.10 Reliability Reliabil ity Progra Program m ........................................................ 7.8 Requirements Requiremen ts for Exercising Exercising Privileges ...... ............ ............ ............ ........ 2.6 Responsibilities Responsibilit ies (M.A (M.A.201) .201) ............................................ 4.4 Responsibilities Responsibilit ies (MA 201) ............................................ 6.3 Restricted Certificates of Airworthiness ...... ............ ............ ........... ..... 5.9 Role of the European Aviation Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) 1.5 Rules And Authority ..................................................... 1.9

S Safet y and Qual Safety Quality ity Policy (145.A.65) (145.A.65) ............................ Sailplanes Sailpla nes And Powered Powered Sailplanes (CS (CS 22) .................. Scope (66.A.1)................................................................ Scope (66.B.1) ................................................................ Scope (1 (145.A.10) 45.A.10) ............................................................ Scope (MA 101) ............................................................ Scope (M.A.601) (M.A.6 01) ........................................................... Second Freedom Agreement .......................................... Serv ice BUllet BUlletin in Contents ............................................. Serv ice Bullet Bulletins ins ............................................................ Serv ice Letter (SL (SL)) ......................................................... Sharing Shari ng Of Roles............................................................ Small Rotorcraft Rotorcraf t (CS 27. 27.1) 1)............................................. Staff and Lang Language uage ........................................................ Standard SB ................................................................... Structure Struct ure Progra Program m ......................................................... Studies And Researc Research h .................................................... Supplemental ype Certi Certificates ficates .....................................

echnicall Annexes ......................................................... echnica erms  erms of Approva l (145.A.2 (145.A.20) 0) ....................................... Te “ALI” (Airworth (Air worthiness iness Limitation Lim itation Items) Items) ................ Te Chicago Convention ............................................... Te General Maintenance M aintenance Rev iew Board (MR (MRB) B) Process ................................................ Te MRB MR B Report Repor t (Maintenance Review R eview Board) Bo ard)........... Te Role Of Members States ......................................... Te Role Of Te European Europ ean Commission Commis sion (EC) ............. raining Program Prog ram ......................................................... ype  ype Certificates Cer tificates ............................................................ ypes  ypes of Ser vice Bul letins ..............................................

1.4 3.3 4.10 1.2 4.7 4.12 1.9 1.4 7.99 7. 5.6 7.5

U Undertaking Undertak ing .................................................................. 6.2

V Validity ........................................................................... 5.7 Validity of the Air worthiness Review Certificate Certi ficate (MA 902) ................................................ 6.13

W 3.11 5.2 2.3 2.11 3.3 6.3 3.13 1.2 7.5 7.4 7.77 7. 1.9 5.3 1.7 7.5 4.9 1.7 5.7

Weight Schedule ............................................................ 5.12 Working Methods .......................................................... 1.7

Z Zonall Inspection Program Zona Progra m (ZIP)................................... 4.11

T

I.4

Module 10 - Index

EASA Module 10 Aviation Legislation

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