Exercise 4: Terrestrial Sampling Samplin g Techniq Techniques ues Agoncillo, M.P.C., Cano, E.J.C., Del osario, !.C.". "roup 4 # 4!$%&
Abstract (Bea) Introduction (Emil) Methodology This exercise exercise require' require' the groups to utili(e t)o terrestrial terrestrial sampling techniques, the *+ line intercept transect metho' an' the &+ qua'rat metho'. or imme'iate an' uncomplicate' results, -el' proce'ures o sai' terrestrial sampling techniques )ere impro/ise' or a'0ustment in a 12hour la3orator class.
Line Transec Transectt Method. Method. A measure' &56cm2long ta3le )as la3ele' )ith )ith a mar7 mar7 or e/er e/er 58 58cm cm.. i/e 'i9er 'i9erent ent pseu'o2 pseu'o2su3 su3str strate ates s )ere )ere ran'om ran'oml l scatte scattere re' ' on the ta3le. ta3le. A num3er num3er o ten 'i9erent 'i9erent items, items, consi'ere' as pseu'o2species, )ith a quantit o at least &8 pieces each )ere ran'oml place' 3 each mem3er o the group on the same ta3le )ith pseu'o2su3strates. A long arn )as exten'e' across the center o the ta3le. Each pseu'o2species that )as seen 3elo) the line arn+ )as quanti-e' an' recor'e' on a line transect 'ata ta3le. $n a''ition, each pseu'o2su3strate that )as also seen 3elo) the line )as measure' an' recor'e'. Quadrat Method. The same set2up o scattere' pseu'o2species rom the Transect metho' )as use'. A square that measure' &8x&8 cm )as use' as a gri'. The gri' )as 'roppe' on the set2up in -/e 'i9erent locations. All the pseu'o2species pseu'o 2species that )ere present insi'e the gri' )ere quan quanti ti-e -e' ' an' an' recor ecor'e 'e' ' on a ta3l ta3le. e. This This )as repea epeate te' ' or or the the succee'ing our gri's. As the la3orator manual suggests, each mem3er o the group )as assigne' to the tas7 o 3eing a recor'er recor'er an' a sampler. sampler. A sstem )as )as esta3lishe' to ensure accurac in 'eli/ering inormation.
Results and Discussion Line Transect ransect Method. Method. Data Data prese presente nte' ' on Ta3le a3le * sho)s sho)s e/er e/er in'i in'i/i /i'u 'ual al that that touc touche he' ' the the line line or e/er e/er inte inter/ r/al al o 8258 8258cm cm,, 5* 5*22 *88cm, *8*2*58cm, *5*2&88cm an' &8*2&58cm. This metho' is an
e9ecti/e tool in clearl /isuali(ing the changes in the pseu'o2su3strate ig *+ an' the pseu'o2species ta7ing place along the line. This allo)s the researcher to un'erstan' the patterns in the (ones an' regions o each species an' su3strate. As the pseu'o2species are 'epicte' in Ta3le *, it can 3e inerre' that the Pencil is the most 'ominant pseu'o2 species ollo)e' 3 the Paper clip. There is a nota3le presence o the Pencil an' !lue chip in each (one o the sample' area. This ma 3e interprete' as that the pseu'o2species Pencil an' !lue chip thri/es regar'less o area in the sample' space. $n contrast to this, the least occurring pseu'o2species are the Mentos an' Coin.
Table . ;ine Transect Data o the pseu'o2species. AREA (cm) ITEM !"#! #"!! !"#! #"$!!
$!"$#! 8 8 8 & * 4 * * * &
igure * sho)s the (onation patterns o the pseu'o2su3strate. $t can 3e inerre' rom the 'ata ig *+ that the (ones o the -/e 'i9erent su3strates o/erlap rom the inter/al o one area to another. There is no presence o a 'istinct su3strate 3oun'ar. =o)e/er, there is high presence o the plain su3strate all throughout the sample' area.
%igure . ;ine Transect Data 'istri3ution o the pseu'o2su3strates.
>ith these 'ata presente', it con-rms that the line transect metho' or terrestrial sampling re/eals )hat is present in the -el' 3ut o9ers limite' inormation on the quantit o each species. ?uantit in terms o the relati/e 'ensit o each species cannot 3e compute' )ith the ina'equate 'ata that a line transect pro/i'es. $ a 'etaile' stu' on the 'ensit o species is nee'e', then the 3elt transect metho' is a much 3etter option or terrestrial sampling technique.
Quadrat Method. The ?ua'rat metho' is 7no)n to 3e use' or estimating the a3un'ance o plants an' se'entar organisms, speci-call the relati/e 'ensit o each species. This metho' is 3ase' on quantiing replicate' sample units reerre' to as gri's. Ta3le & sho)s the -/e gri's ran'oml place' in 'i9erent areas o the set2up. $t portras the num3er o species present in each gri'. $n terrestrial sampling )ith the use o the ?ua'rat metho', t)o i'eas a9ect the results or the estimate in species 'ensit # accurac an' precision. Accurac can 3e impro/e' i 3ias is a/oi'e' in quantiing the 'ata. Through the means o ran'om sampling, 3ias is re'uce'. As or precision, the researcher must a/oi' measurement errors. The more gri's or sample' units, the more precise 'ensit estimates )oul' 3e o3taine'. urthermore, sample plots or gri's use' must 3e o the same si(e an' shape or a more precise outcome. Table $. ?ua'rat Data rom sampling o -/e gri's. 'RID Actual ITEM &ount $
&
# *
* 8
8 1
oc7 Stra) Pencil Coin !lue Chips e' Chips Paper Clip
18 &8 &4 &5 &5 &5 @
& & 8 & & 5 *
* & * 8 5 1 &
* & 1 * & 8 1
& 1 & & * * *8
& * 1 & & * @
The o3taine' 'ata Ta3le &+ are processe' to 3e a3le to estimate the population mean rom the sample. The t)o important components in estimating the mean are the *+ estimate itsel an' the &+ /aria3ilit associate' )ith the estimate. The -rst part is simpl the a/erage o each species. The secon' column Ta3le 1+ la3ele' BA/erage Densit is the sum o all in'i/i'uals oun' in each gri' 'i/i'e' 3 the num3er o gri's. This is also consi'ere' as the a3solute 'ensit an' represents as the estimate o the true population. The /alues Ta3le 1+ oun' on the thir', ourth an' -th columns all represent the /aria3ilit among the population gri's in the sample' area. %n the last column o Ta3le 1, the Spatial Dispersion o the population is the /ariance SD &+ 'i/i'e' 3 the mean o the a/erage 'ensit. To interpret the results, a spatial 'ispersion )ith a /alue greater than * in'icate aggregation, )hile /alues that are less than * in'icate a uniorm 'ispersion. Those that are exactl * in'icate ran'om 'ispersion.
Table . Processe' /alues o the ?ua'rat Data. Sho)s the /alues o the a/erage 'ensit, stan'ar' 'e/iation SD+, stan'ar' error SE+, spatial 'ispersion an' interpretation o the species Dispersion. Equations are sho)n in the Appen'ix. ITEM
Yellow Halls Blue Halls Mentos Rock Straw Pencil Coin Blue Chips Red Chips Paper Clip
Average Density
SD
SE
SD2
Spatial Dispersion Dispersion Uniform 0.6
1.2
0.8
0.2
0.7
1.8
1.6
0.3
2.7
1.5
1.
1.1
0.2
1.3
0.!
Uniform
1.6
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.2
Uniform
2.0
0.7
0.2
0.5
0.3
Uniform
1.8
1.3
0.3
1.7
0.!
Uniform
1.
0.!
0.2
0.8
0.6
Uniform
2.
1.5
0.3
2.3
1.0
"andom
2.0
2.0
0.
.0
2.0
Aggregated
.
3.6
0.
13.3
3.0
Aggregated
Aggregated
The pseu'o2species sho) that there is a niorm 'ispersion or the
aggregate' 'ispersion )hile onl the !lue chips exhi3it an'om 'ispersion. Emil can pro3a3l inclu'e the photos he too7 rom the experiment last )ee7
&onclusion (Bea)
Re*erences ;ons, D.J., Dun)orth P.M., Till3ur D.>., F Johnston ;. n.'.+. Ecological Sampling Metho's. The Ofwell Woodland & Wildlie Trust . 8* Mar &8*@. etrie/e' rom http:GG))).countrsi'eino.co.u7G1ho)to.htm n.'.+ ?ua'rat Sampling in Population Ecolog. 8* Mar &8*@. etrie/e' rom http:GG))).'artmouth.e'uGH3io&*GexercisesGSampling.han'out.p'
A++endi, --(My M /ord doesn0t ha1e the symbols *or the e2uation3 i* you guys ha1e it3 +lease change the screenshot e2uation to ty+ed e2uations. Than4s guys)
