Edafologia - Estudios de Suelos

Edafología “Estudio de suelos en Junín Calicatas La Merced – La Oroya

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FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA GEOGRÁFICA, AMBIENTAL Y ECOTURISMO. ECOTURISMO. Escuela de Ingene!"a A#$en%al TEMA& Estudios de suelos

'un"n& La Me!ced ( Ta!#a ) La O!*+a.

CURSO&

Eda*l*g"a

-ROFESOR& Ing. Bengn* G#e/ Esc!$a

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INTEGRANTES&

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INDICE

I.

INTRODUCCIÓN

II.

OBJETIVOS

III. REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA LITERATURA IV. IV. V.

MATERIALES MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS RESULTADOS

VI.

DISCUSIÓN DISCUSIÓ N DE RESULT RESULTADOS

VII.

CONCLUSIONES

VIII.

RECOMENDACIONES

IX.

BIBLIOGRAFÍA

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I.

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INTRODUCCIÓN

Des Dese e !"e# !"e#$% $%ss &'!" &'!"() ()%s %s e* +%#, +%#,--e +& )!"* )!"*" "& &% % -e/ e/))-s% s%ss #) #) "#$%-!&'!es e'!-e e**%s e* s)e*% )e !&* e s"' #"e% & e)"%/&-'%s es )'% e *%s #3s "#$%-!&'!es $&-& *& +)#&'"& & )e es ')es!-% s%$%-!e  & *& e ')!-e ')es!-& "&. E* s)e*% es #) "#$%-!&'!e $&-& & *& &(-"/)*!)-&4 /%#% $&-& *& /%'s!-)//"5' e ""e'&s. Es $%- !&* #%!"% )e e* $-ese'!e es!)"% -e&*"&% e' *%s "s!-"!%s e L& MeMe-/e /e   L& O-% O-%& & e' e* e$& e$&-! -!&# &#e' e'!% !% e J)'6 J)'6' ' !)% !)% /% /%#% #% 7'&*"& $%e- /%'%/e- *&s /&-&/!e-6s!"/&s e es!%s s)e*%s )e $)e& $e-#"!"- e* )s%4 #&'e8%  /%'se-&/"5' e* -e/)-s% s)e*%4 e #&'e-& s%s!e'",*e. T-&,&8&'% !&#,"9' $&-&*e*&#e'!e /%' e* 7' e /%'%/e- s) (9'es"s4 /*&s"7/&/"5'  /&-&/!e-6s!"/&s e /&& !"$% e s)e*%. A /%'!"')&/"5' se &-3 e* es&--%**% e* "':%-#e e* !-&,&8% e /&#$% -e&*"&% e* 2; e O/!),-e e* $-ese'!e &<% e' e* e$&-!&#e'!% e J)'6' e' *&s *%/&*"&es #e'/"%'&&s. #e'/"%'&&s. =&-& e* es&--%**% e *& $-3/!"/& se +"% )' -e/%'%/"#"e'!% e *& %'& /%' e* 7' e '% &<&- *%s -e/)-s%s e es& %'& !&#,"9' se !%#5 e' /)e'!& &-"%s $)'!%s /*&e e' e* es&--%**% e* $e-7* e* s)e*% /%#% *& $e' $e'"e "e'! '!e4 e4 ),"/ ),"/&/ &/"5 "5' '  $%s" $%s"/" /"5' 5' e* e* s% s%*4 *4 '&$& '&$& :-e3 :-e3!" !"/& /&44 /*"# /*"#& &  !e#$e-&!)-&> $&-& $%e- -e&*"&- )' !-&,&8% &$-%$"&%  $-e/"s%. L& $-3/!"/& -e&*"&& es/-",e )'& se-"e e $-%/e"#"e'!%s  #9!%%s $&-& %,se-&-  e!e-#"'&- &*()'&s $-%$"e&es e* s)e*% /%#% s%'? *& !e@!)-&4 es!-)/!)-&4 /%'s"s!e'/"&  *& $-ese'/"& e #&!e-"& %-(3'"/&  /& /&-, -,%' %'&! &!%s %s44 & s) e e /% /%'% '%/e /e-- *%s *%s ":e ":e--e'!e e'!ess !e@! !e@!))-&s &s e *&s *&s Página ;


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":e-e'!es #)es!-&s %,!e'"&s e *%s +%-"%'!es e* s)e*% e' $e-7* -e&*"&% e' e* /&#$%. L& es/ es/-" -"$/ $/"5 "5' ' e *%s *%s $e-7 $e-7*e *ess e *%s *%s s)e* s)e*%s %s44 "') "')e' e'/" /"& &%s %s $%$%- *%s *%s :&/!%-es e :%-#&/"5' e s)e*%4  es!%s :&/!%-es s%' "e-s%s e' *&s -e("%'es '&!)-&*es e* =e-. C%#$*e#e'!&-

/%'%/"#"e'!%s

$-e"&#e'!e

&)"-"%s

e

/&-&/!e-6s!"/&s :6s"/&s4 )6#"/&s  ,"%*5("/&s e* s)e*%4 $&-& !e'e- )'& "s"5' "'!e(-&*. As"#"s#% "'!e-$-e!&- *%s ":e-e'!es +%-"%'!es e' e* $e-7* e* s)e*%4 -e/%'%/e- *%s !"$%s e s)e*%4 e!e-#"'&- e* $%!e'/"&*4 s) &$!"!)4 #&'e8%  /%'se-&/"5' e es!e -e/)-s% "#$%-!&'!es. T&#,"9' T&#,"9' es "#$%-!&'!e -e&*"&- )' -e/%'%/"#"e'!% -e/%'%/"#"e'!% 7s"%(-37/%  (e%# (e%#%%-:% :%*5 *5(" ("/% /% e *& %'& %'& e es es!) !)" "%4 %4 &'&* &'&*" "&' &'% % *&s *&s :%:%-#& #&ss (e%(-37/&s &/!)&*es  *%s :&/!%-es )e "'!e-"'"e-%' e' *& e*&,%-&/"5' e e**&s.

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II.

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OBJETIVOS

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Re/%'%/eRe/%'%/e- *%s :&/!%-es e :%-#&/"5' e s)e*% e' S"e--&  Se*&.

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D"s!"'()"- &s$e/!%s #%-:%*5("/%s4 7s"%(-37/%s  (e%*5("/%s e' es!&s -e("%'es.

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A$e-!)-&- /&*"/&!&s $&-& *& es/-"$/"5' e *%s $e-7*es e s)e*%s.

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Des/-","- *&s /&-&/!e-6s!"/&s :6s"/&s4 )6#"/&s  ,"%*5("/&s e' *%s +%-"%'!es e* $e-7* e s)e*%.

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Lee- e "'!e-$-e!&- *%s ":e-e'!es $e-7*es e'/%'!-&%s e' es!&s -e("%'es.

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III. III. REVI REVISI SIÓN ÓN DE DE LA LI LITERA TERATU TURA RA Procesos edafológicos

E&:%*%(6& es e* es!)"% e *%s s)e*%s4 e' )' &s$e/!%4 es )'& -&#& e *& (e%*%(6&4 $)es!% )e se "'!e-es& $%- *%s es!-&!%s s)$e-7/"&*es e* -e(%* e(%*"! "!%4 %4 e' e* /)&* /)&* &/ &/%' %'!e !e/e /e' ' *& #&%&%- $&-! $&-!e e e *%s *%s $-%/ $-%/es es%s %s "#$%-!&'!es e #e!e%-"&/"5'  e')&/"5'4 e' %!-% &s$e/!%4 es e* es!) es !)" "% % e *&s *&s $-%$ $-%$"e "e& &e ess :6s" :6s"/& /&ss  )6# )6#"/ "/&s &s e )' /% /%#$ #$*" *"/& /&% % s"s!e#& /%*%"&*  e' )' !e-/e- &s$e/!%4 es e* es!)"% e )'& %-&  )'& :&)'& /%#$*e8&s e' -e*&/"5' /%' s) #e"% &#,"e'!e4 e* s)e*%. Es!%s s!%s !-es !-es &s$e/ s$e/!% !%ss es es!!3' 6'! 6'!"#&# "#&#e' e'!e !e *"( *"(&% &%s4 $)es! )es!% % )e )e /%'%/"#"e'!% e s) %-"(e'  #e!&#%-:%s"s e *%s s)e*%s "#$*"/& *& /%#$-e's"5' e *& /%'s!"!)/"5' e* #"s#%4 )e es!3' es!-e/+&#e'!e -e*&/"%'&%s /%' *& #"/-%,"%*%(6& e* s)e*%. A/!)&*#e'!e se /%'s"e-& & *& E&:%*%(6& /%#% )'& -&#& "'e$e'"e'!e  !-&!&& /%#% )'& /"e'/"& )e se e"/& &* es!)"% e *& (9'es"s  /%'s!"!)/"5' e *%s s)e*%s  e* es&--%**% 7*%s57/% e /*&s"7/&/"5'. E* &&'/e #3s "#$%-!&'!e e' *& E&:%*%(6& )-&'!e *%s *!"#%s &<%s +& s"% -e/%'%/e- e* $e-7* e* s)e*% /%#% )'"& ,3s"/& e es!)"%. =%- e**% es 'e/es&-"% #"-&- & *& E&:%*%(6& /%#% "'!e(-&& $%- %s (-&'es $-%/es%s4 es e/"-4 1 *%s $-%/es%s e #e!e%-"&/"5' )e &' %-"(e' &* #&!e-"&* %-"("'&* %-"("'&*  2 e* es&--%**% es&--%**% e* $e-7* e* s)e*% & $&-!"e* e* #& #&!e !e-" -"&* &* %-"( %-"("' "'&* &* :%:%-#& #&% % $%$%- *& #e #e!e !e%%-" "&/ &/"5 "5'. '. =%- e**% e**% es 'e/es&-"% &,&'%'&- e* /%'/e$!% e )e *& e&:%*%(6& se /%'7'& s%*% & *&s $-%:)'"&es &*/&'&&s $%- *&s -&6/es e *&s $*&'!&s  s)8e!&s & *& *&,-&'& $%- e* /)*!"&%-. Página 


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Suelo

E* s)e*% es e* -es)*!&% e *& &*!e-&/"5' s)$e-7/"&* e *&s -%/&s4 /%#% /%'se/)e'/"& e *& &//"5' s%,-e e**&s e $-%/es%s :6s"/%s4 )6#"/%s  ,"%* ,"%*5( 5("/ "/%s %s.. E* s)e* s)e*% % es )'& )'& #e #e/ /*& *& e #&!e&!e-"& "&*e *ess $&$&-/"&* /"&*#e #e'! '!e e es/%#$)es!%s  e #"'e-&*es "'%-(3'"/%s. E' *& :%-#&/"5' e )' s)e*% "'!e-"e'e' "e-s%s :&/!%-es4 :6s"/%s % #e/3'"/%s4 )e es *& es"'!e(-&/"5' e *&s -%/&s>  )6#"/%s4 )e es *& es/%#$%s"/"5' e *%s #&!e-"&*es /%#% /%'se/)e'/"& e -e&//"%'es )6#"/&s> )6#"/&s> es!%s :&/!%-es :&/!%-es :6s"/% )6#"/%s4 )6#"/%s4 /%'s!"!)& /%'s!"!)&' ' -e& -e&*#e'! *#e'!e e e* $-%/e $-%/es% s% e *& #e!e%#e!e%-"& "&/"5 /"5'. '. L%s :&/!%-e :&/!%-ess ,"%*5( ,"%*5("/% "/%ss "'/*) "'/*)e' e' *& &//"5' e *%s %-(&'"s#%s )e "e' e' 9*? ,&/!e-"&s4 +%'(%s4 $*&'!&s  !%%s *%s &'"#&*es )e "e' &**64 $-"'/"$&*#e'!e ()s&'%s.

E* s)e*% es *& ,&se e !%%s *%s e/%s"s!e#&s !e--es!-es. !e--es!-es. E.M Bridges y L.R, Ode!an, "###

L& ,"%*%(6& e* s)e*% es!)"& *%s #"/-%%-(&'"s#%s )e "e' e' e* s)e* s)e*%4 %4 s)s s)s :)'/ :)'/"% "%'e 'ess  &/ &/!" !"" "& &e es. s. A'!e A'!ess e "'!"'!-% %)/ )/""-'% '%ss e' e* es!)"% e *%s #"/-%%-(&'"s#%s ese&#%s #e'/"%'&- )e ese es!)"% se &$% &$%& & e' "s! "s!"' "'!& !&ss -&#& -&#&ss e *& /"e' /"e'/" /"& & $&-& $&-& $%e $%e-- -es es%* %*e e-$-%,*e#&s> &s6 *& )6#"/&  *& :6s"/& e *%s s)e*%s s%' %s e s)s &*"& &*"& %s #3s 7-#e #es4 s4 s"' es es/% /%'% '%/e /e-- e* &$% &$%% )e )e ,-"' ,-"'& &' ' *& #&!e#3!"/&  *& )6#"/& ,"%*5("/& e' e* $-%(-es% $-%(-es% e es!& "s/"$*"'&. E' /%'se/ /%'se/)e' )e'/"& /"&44 /)&'% /)&'% es!)" es!)"&#% &#%ss *%s #"/#"/-%%-(&' %%-(&'"s# "s#%s %s e* s)e*% s)e*% e,e#%s !e'e- $-ese'!e )e es!&#%s es!)"&'% )'& e *&s -&#&s e *&s *&s /"e' /"e'/" /"&s &s '&!) '&!)-& -&*e *ess  !&#, !&#,"9 "9'4 '4 -e/ e/%%-& &-- )e )e e' *& '&!) '&!)-& -&*e *e& & !e'e#%s %,8e!%s !&*es /%#% 3-,%*es4 -%/&s % $e-s%'& )e **&#&#%s /)e-$%s. E* /%#$%'e'!e /%#' e *%s /)e-$%s es *& #&!e-"&.

Bi$$g%a de S&e$ Es'ri($ )$r Mar'e$ Mar'e$ A. Sagard$y * Mar%a E. Mand$esi

HE* /%'8)'!% $&-!6/)*&s '&!)-&*es s%,-e *& /%-!e& !e--es!-e )e s"-e e s%$%-!e & *&s $*&'!&s4 /%' )' *6#"!e "':e-"%- )e /%"'/"e /%' e* e *%s #"'e-&*es #"'e-&*es "'/%'s%*"&% "'/%'s%*"&%ss % #&!e-"&*es #&!e-"&*es %-(3'"/% %-(3'"/% )e se e'/)e'!-& e'/)e'!-& e' *& %'& %'& e -&6/ -&6/es es e *&s *&s $*&' $*&'!& !&ss $e$e-e''e e''es> s> %4 %' %'e e se +&' +&' es&--%**&% es&--%**&% +%-"%'!e "#$e'e!-&,*es & *& -&6/es4 *& /&$& s)$e-"%- e *& /%-! /% -!e e& & !e!e--es es!!-e e )e )e $%se $%see e $-%$ $-%$"e "e& &e ess ":e ":e--e'!e e'!ess e *& -%/ %/& & "':"':-& &&/ &/e' e'!e !e44 /% /%#% #% -es es)* )*!& !& % e "'! "'!ee-&/ &//" /"%' %'es es e'! e'!-e /*"# /*"#&4 &4 %-(&'"s#%s %-(&'"s#%s "%s4 -%/&s #&-e  -e*"ee”. USDA "#+

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M&es(re$ y des'ri)'i-n de s&e$s Es'ri($ )$r J. M. $ds$n, J. P&igde/a0regas T$!as

Factores y procesos que intervienen en la formación del suelo

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es!&% es!& % +#" +#"/% /%  e s) $-%$ $-%$%%-/" /"5' 5' e$e e$e' 'e e *& /& /&*" *"& &  e* e* s)e* s)e*%4 %4 &e#3s e se- :)e'!e "#$%-!&'!e e ')!-"e'!es e(e!&*es4 e* +)#)s $%!e'/"& *& /&$&/"& e* s)e*% $&-& -e!e'e- e* &()&. A()& A()& e* s)e*%4 s)e*%4 )e /%'!"e /%'!"e'e 'e s)s!&' s)s!&'/"& /"&ss % ')!-"e ')!-"e'!e '!ess e' s%* s%*)/" )/"5' 5' /%*%"&* % e' e-&e-& s%*)/"5'. E* /%'s!"!)e'!e /%*%"&* se $-ese'!& /%#'#e'!e e' $e*6/)*&s4 /&$&s % &(-e(&%s "'e$e'"e'!es4 es!& #&!e-"& es!3 /%'s!"!)"& $%- #"'e-&*es "'s%*),*es. L%s /%#$%'e'!es e' s%*)/"5 s%*)/"5' ' s%' *&s s&*es s&*es )e es!3' es!3' !%!&*# !%!&*#e'! e'!e e "s%/"& "s%/"&&s &s e' s)s s)s "%'e "%'ess /% /%#$ #$%' %'e' e'!e !ess /% /%#% #% /& /&*/ */"% "%44 #& #&(' ('es es"% "%44 $%!& $%!&s" s"% %. Ae#3 e#3ss e $-%$ $-%$%%-/"% /"%'& '&-- *& +)#e +)#e& &  $&-& $&-& &/ &/!" !"& &-- *&s *&s -e& e&// //"% "%'e 'ess )6# )6#"/ "/&s &s44 !&#,"9' $-%$%-/"%'& $-%$%-/"%'& *%s ')!-"e'!es & *&s $*&'!&s. E* &"-e e* s)e*%4 %/)$& *%s es$&/"%s $%-%s%s '% -e**e'%s e &()&  es a /&en(e de $5%gen$ y de di-5id$ de 'ar0-ni'$ (a!0i6n s$n ne'e ne'esa sari$ ri$s s )ara )ara a )an )an(a (as s4 $%- !&'!% es e$e'"e'!e  s) /%#$%s"/"5' &-6& $&-& )' #"s#% s)e*%. L%s $-"'/"$&*es &s$e/!%s $%*%s )e "7e-e e *& &!#5s:e-& *",-e s%'? & /%'!"e'e )'& $-%$%-/"5' $-%$%-/"5' e &'+6-"% /&-,5'"/% #)/+% #&%-4 , es!3 s&!)-&% /%' &$%- e &()& e@/e$!% e' s)e*%s e &"-e se/%  / /%'!"e'e #e'%s %@6(e'%  '"!-5(e'%. L&s $-%$%-/"%'es #3s &*!&s e &'+6-"% /&-,5'"/% se +&' +&**&% e' s)e*%s -"/%s e' #&!e-"& %-(3'"/&4 !&'!% $%- *& es/%#$%s"/"5' ,"%*5("/&4 /%#% $%- *& -es$"-&/"5' e *&s -&6/es e *&s $*&'!&s /%'s!"!)&' e* $-"'/"$&* #e"%4 )e & s) e es &(%!&% $%- *& :%!%s6'!es"s  -e(e'e-&% e' *& &!#5s:e-&. Estructura de los suelos

L%s :&/!%-es )e "'!e-"e'e' e' *& :%-#&/"5' e* s)e*% &/!&' ese *& s)$e-7/"e +&/"& &,&8%4 e,"% & e**% *&s &-"&/"%'es e /%#$%s"/"5'4 /%*%-4 /%*%-4 es!-)/!)-&4 es!-)/!)-&4 !e@!)!e@!)-& & &-6&' (-&)&*#e (-&)&*#e'!e '!e +&/"& &,&8%. &,&8%. Es!&s Es!&s ":e-e'/"&s )e se &/e'!&' /%' e* !"e#$%4 ""e' &* s)e*% e' %'&s4 /&$& /& $&ss ) +%-" +%-"% %'! '!es es.. E' *%s *%s s)e* s)e*%s %s se "s! "s!"' "'() ()e' e' /"'/ /"'/% % %'& %'&ss #) #) #&-/&&s4 !&#,"9' **&#&&s H+%-"%'!es”4 )e /),-e' e* $e-7* ese *& s)$e-7/"e +&s!& *& -%/& 7-#e s"' &*!e-&-4 -e/",e' *& es"('&/"5' e HO”4 HA”4 HE”4”B”  HC” )e s%' /%#)'es e' /*"#&s !e#$*&%s  )e &-6 &-6&' &' e )' &# &#," ,"e' e'!e !e & %!%!-% !&'!% &'!% e' /& /&-& -&/! /!ee-6s 6s!" !"/& /&ss /% /%#% #% e' e@!e's"5' e* +%-"%'!e. E* 3$ri1$n(e 7O8, e' *& $&-!e s)$e-7/"&* es e /%*%- %s/)-% & 'e(-%4 e,"% & *& (-&' /&'!"& e #&!e-"& %-(3'"/& -e/%'%/",*e /%#% +%8&s s)e*!& s)e*!&ss  %!-%s %!-%s -es!% -es!%ss %-(3' %-(3'"/% "/%s4 s4 e,&8% e,&8% )'& /&$& /&$& e /%*%/%*%- 'e(-% 'e(-% /%'s!"!)"& e +)#)s )e es e* -es)*!&% e *& es/%#$%s"/"5' !%!&* e #& #&!e !e-" -"& & e(e e(e!& !&*4 *4 &e# &e#3s 3s es es!e !e +%-" +%-"% %'! '!e e /% /%'! '!"e "e'e 'e & *& "& "& #"/-% #"/-%s/5 s/5$"/ $"/& & /%#% /%#% +%'(% +%'(%s4 s4 ,&/!e-"& ,&/!e-"&s4 s4 &*(&s4 &*(&s4 )e $-%$%$-%$%-/"% /"%'&' '&' %@6(e'%4 "5@"% e /&-,%'%4 *%s 3/"%s %-(3'"/%s $-%$"/"%s $&-& e* es&--%**% e* s)e*%. Es!e +%-"%'!e '% es!3 es&--%**&% e' *%s s)e*%s e -e("%'es -e("%'es es9-!"/&s es9-!"/&s  e' *&s *&!e-"!&s. *&!e-"!&s.

Página 10


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E* 3$ri1$n(e 7A8, es e* +%-"%'!e #"'e-&* #3s s)$e-7/"&*4 :%-#&% $%- $&-!6/)*&s 7'&s e &-e'&  &-/"**&  &*(% e +)#)s4 )e *& &()& e **)"& &* $e'e!-&-4 &--&s!-&' &--&s!-&' +&/"& &,&8% *%s /%#$)es!%s /%#$)es!%s /%*%"&*es  s&*es s&* es s%* s%*),* ),*es4 es4 & es!e es!e $-%/e $-%/es% s% e *&&% *&&% se e'%#" e'%#"'& '& e*)"& e*)"&/"5 /"5'4 '4 e,"% es!e e#$%,-e/"#"e'!% e#$%,-e/"#"e'!% e *&s s)s!&'/"&s4 s)s!&'/"&s4 & es!e +%-"%'!e +%-"%'!e se *& **&#& %'& e *"@""&/"5'. E* 3$ri1$n(e 7E8 se e'/)e'!-& $%- e,&8% e* +%-"%'!e A4 es e /%*%/*&-%  '% /%'!"e'e #&!e-"& %-(3'"/&. E* 3$ri1$n(e **&#& && & %'& %'& e e$% e$%s" s"/" /"5' 5'.. Es e* '"e '"e** 3$ri1$n(e 7B8 es *& **&# "'!e-#e"% e* s)e*%  !"e'e )' (-%s%- &-"&,*e. S) /%*%- es $&-% -%8"% % &#&-"**e'!%4 e,"% & *& $-ese'/"& e 5@"%s e +"e--%  & *& &)se'/"& e +)#)s. L& $-ese'/"& e *& &*#"'& /%*%"&* *e & )' &s$e/!% $%-%s%  $*3s!"/%. E' es!e +%-"%'!e s)e*e $-e/"$"!&- /&-,%'&!% e /&*/"%4 :%-#&'% /%s!-&s )e se e'%#"'&' H/&*"/+e”. E* 3$ri1 $-%:)' :)'% %  /% /%---es es$ $%'e %'e & )'& %'& 3$ri1$n( $n(e e 7C” es #3s $-% !-&' !-&'s" s"/" /"%' %'&* &* & *& -%/ %/& & #& #&-e e )e )e & %-"( %-"(e' e' &* s)e* s)e*% %  :%:%-#& e* s),s!-&!%. Es!3 :%-#&% e' s) #&%- $&-!e $%- &,)'&'!e #&!e-"&* s)e*!%4 e#,e,"% e' )'& #&!-" e &-e'&  &-/"**& )e !e-#"'& /)&'% /%#"e'& *& -%/& 7-#e % -%/& #&-e.

Página 11

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Edafología “Estudio de suelos en Junín Calicatas La Merced Merced – La Oroya Oroya

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Es )'& $-%$"e& e-"&& e* !&#&<% e *&s $&-!6/)*&s e* s)e*%. Es!& Es!&

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U'& e /%'%/"% s)s &*%-es e /4 / 14!  !1 se s)s!"!)e' e' *& s"()"e'!e :5-#)*&?

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:  ?  )$r'en(a )$r'en(aGe Ge de i!$. i!$. de arena.

L&eg$= L&eg$= "  :  )$r'en(a )$r'en(aGe Ge

0.; 0.;  :&/! :&/!%%- e /% /%---e/ e//" /"5' 5' $%$%- (-& (-&% % e ":e ":e--e'/" e'/"& & e !e#$e-&!)-&. E8e#$*%? N e T"e#$ Le/!)-& Te#$e-& Te#$e-& Le/!)#)es!- % e* !)-& & & "-5#e!C C%--e( % "& ; (- /# 0se (.

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Us&'% )' +"-5#e!-% es$e/"&* se -e&*"& %s *e/!)-&s e' s)s$e's"5'. L& $-"#e-& & *%s 0 se()'%s> e!e-#"'& *%s (-&#%s (-&#%s e *"#%  &-/"**& &-/"**& )e $e-#&'e/ $e-#&'e/e' e' e' s)s$e's"5'4 s)s$e's"5'4 & )e *& &-e'& K2.00 & 0.0 ##4 +& se"#e'!&%. De* $es% "'"/"&* e *& #)es!-& se s)s!-&e *& *e/!)-& -e&*"&& & *%s 0 se()'%s  & *%s (-&#%s e &-e'&. L& *e/!)-& -e&*"&& & *&s 2 +%-&s e!e-#"'& *%s (-&#%s e &-/"**& K,&8% 0.002 ## e' *& #)es #)es!!-&. &. E* *"#% *"#% K0.0 K0.0  & 0.00 0.002 2 ##4 ##4 se /& /&*/ */)* )*& & $%$%":e-e'/"& 100 K&-e'&   e &-/"**&. Página 1;


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Des$)9s e *&s %s *e/!)-&s4 *& s)s$e's"5' e* s)e*% se "e-!e e' )' !&#" $&-& -e/%,-&- *& :-&//"5' e'!e-& e &-e'&> se se/&4 *&s &-e'&s s%' !&#"&&s $&-& %,!e'e- *&s $&-!6/)*&s e &-e'& e' s)s ":e-e'!es !&#&<%s.

L& /*&s /*&se e !e@! !e@!))-&* &* se e!e e!e--#"'& #"'& $%$%- *& /% /%#, #,"' "'&/ &/"5 "5' ' e *&s *&s !-es !-es :-&//"%'es %,!e'"&s e' ')es!-% ')es!-% &'3*"s"s #e/3'"/%. •

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Anáisis )ara a de(er!ina'i-n de !a(eria $rgáni'a en 'ada &n$ de $s 3$ri1$n(es de s&e$= L& #&!e-"& %-(3'"/& se e*"#"'& $%- %@"&/"5' /%' )' &(e'!e %@"&'!e K$e-5@"% e +"-5(e'%.

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A+%-& A+%-& *& 7'&*"& e es!& $-)e,& es "e'!"7/&"e'!"7/&- *& "'!e's"& "'!e's"& e e:ee:e-e es/ s/e' e'/" /"& & *% )e )e "'" "'"/& /&-6 -6& & )'& )'& ":e ":e--e'/" e'/"& & e'!e'!-e e e* /%'!e'"% e #&!e-"& %-(3'"/& e'!-e )'%  %!-% +%-"%'!e.

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Aná Anáis isis is )ara )ara a de(e de(er! r!in ina' a'ii-n n de a )res )resen en'i 'ia a de 'ar0$na($s en $s 3$ri1$n(es de )er4=

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V.

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RESULTADOS

OJA DE DESCRIPCIÓN DISTRITO LA MERCED

I#&(e' 1? V"s!& =&'%-3#"/& %'e se -e&*"5 *& /&*"/&!& NQ 1.

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I#&(e' 2? V"s!& &9-e& %'e se -e&*"5 *& /&*"/&!& NQ 1.

INORMACIÓN DEL SITIO MUESTREADO= As$'ia'i-n= Serie= Casi4'a'i-n= Cai'a(a= NQ 1 e'3a= 2; e %/!),-e G-&'8& 8& V"**& "**& =-%(-%(-es es% %. A'e@ A'e@% % V"**& "**& =-%(-%(-es es% % W#. W#. 1 L$'aidad= G-&' M&-("'&* e *& Se*&. M&-(e' e-e/+& e* R6% =e-e'e.

Eea'i-n== 200 #s'# Eea'i-n La(i(&d=

S)- 10Q  11.0 Oes!e Q 1 2.0

Ci!a= D&!%s e =-e/"$"!&/"5' =-e/"$"!&/"5' $*)"&* Te#$e-&!)-& Te#$e-&!)-& #e"& &')&* &')&* • •

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C)&'% se )s&' &!%s e )'& es!&/"5' #e!e%-%*5("/&4 e,e &'%!&-se *& "s!&'/"& e es!& es!&/"5' +&s!& e* $e-7* e* s)e*% es/-"!%.

isi$gra/ isi$g ra/%a= %a= Es a )$si' )$si'i-n i-n 4si$g 4si$grá4 rá4'a 'a de de &gar &gar $ &0i'a' &0i'a'i-n i-n den( den(r$ r$ de de )ais )aisaG aGe e na(& na(&ra ra. . As% As% (ene (ene!$ !$s s 'i!a 'i!as s de 'err 'err$s $s,, ade adera ras, s, '$in '$inas as,, )an )ani' i'ies ies,, an an&r &ras as,, )ied )iede! e!$n $n(e (e $ /ad /adas as =e-!e'e/e & *& Se*& B&8&. ="e e /%*"'&. $!adas, (erra1as, e('. =e-!e'e/e Reiee Reie e== I!) I!)i' i'a a eea' eea'i-n i-n rea( rea(ia ia y 3a sid$ sid$ de4ni de4nid$ d$ '$!$ '$!$ eea'i$nes e irreg&aridades de &na s&)er4'ie de (erren$, '$nsiderand$ '$nsiderand$ s& ($(aidad, )&ede 'asi4'arse= Reiee n$r!a Reiee s&0n$r!a Reiee e5'esi$ Mi'r$reiees • • • •

Pendien(e= Se re4e re4ere re )rin )rin'i 'i)a )a! !en en(e (e a a grad gradie ien( n(e e de a )endien(e de a 1$na d$nde es(á &0i'ada e )er4 de s&e$. P&ede aadirs irse $(ras 'ara'(er%s(i'as= Ti)$ si!)e $ '$!)eGaF, '&ra(&ra '-n'aa $ '$ne5aF, $ngi(&d, dire''i-n $ e5)$si'i-n. SMBOLO A

K 0&2

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C D

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E F

2 &  M3s e 

Si!)e =*&'& % /&s" $*&'& L"(e-&#e'!e "'/*"'&& I'/*"'&& M%e-&&#e'!e e#$"'&& E#$"'&& M) e#$"'&&

C$!)eGa =*&'& % /&s" $*&'& =*&'& %')*&& L"(e-&#e'!e M%'!"/)*&& M%'!&<%s%

&!)-& -&** % /)*! /)*!" "% %s es!&, s!&,*e *e/" /"% %s? s? E' e* /&s &s% % e *& Vege(a'i-n= N&!) e(e!&/"5' '&!)-&*4 '%#,-&- *& :%-#&/"5' :%-#&/"5' e(e!&*? e(e!&*? ,%s)e es$"'%s%4 es$"'%s%4 e(e!&/"5' e *%#&s4 $-&e-& '&!)-&*4 ,%s)e !-%$"/&*4 e!/. L)e(% s" es $%s",*es *&s es$e/"es ,%!3'"/&s4 "'"/&'% *&s es$e/"es %#"'&'!es. =&-& e* /&s% e /)*!"%s4 e')#e-&- *%s $-"'/"$&*es  s" es $%s",*e &!%s &"/"%'&*es s%,-e e* #&'e8% e s)e*%s4 )s% e :e-!"*"&'!es4 -%!&/"%'es4 -e'"#"e'!%s4 -e'"#"e'!%s4 e!/.

INORMACIÓN ;ENERAL SOBRE EL SUELO

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Ma(eria Ma(eri a Mad Madre= re= C$!)rende in/$r!a'i-n s$0re e $rigen de !a(eria !adre y si es )$si0e s$0re a na(&rae1a de a r$'a !adre, eGe!)$= !a(eria a&ia deriad$ de r$'as gran%(i'as, !a(eria resid&a deriad$ de 0asa($. DrenaGe na(&ra= Se na(&ra= Se re4ere a a /re'&en'ia y d&ra'i-n de $s )eri$d$s d&ran(e $s '&aes e s&e$ n$ es(á sa(&rad$ ($(a $ )ar'ia!en(e, se 'asi4'a en 0ase a  'ara'(er%s(i'as= drenaGe e5(ern e5(ern$ $ $ es'$rr es'$rren( en(%a %a s&)er s&)er4'i 4'ia, a, )er!e )er!ea0 a0ii iidad dad y drena drenaGe Ge in(ern$ $ )er'$a'i-n. Se )&eden es(a0e'eras sig&ien(es 'ases de drenaGe na(&ra= ;rad$ = P$0re!en(e drenad$s. E ag&a sae (an en(a!en(e de s&e 2&e )er!ane'e 3!ed$ gran )ar(e de (ie!)$. ;rad$ "= I!)er/e'(a '(a!en(e drenad$s. E ag&a es re!$ida de s&e$ '$n (a en en(i(&d 2&e e s&e$ )er! )er!an ane' e'e e 3 3!e !ed$ d$ )$r )$r a)s a)s$s $s sign signi4 i4'a 'a(i (i$ $s s )er$ )er$ n$ ($d$ e (ie!)$ a "*Q '!, de a s&)er4'ie a)are'en !$(ead&ras, $s 3$ri1$n(e B y C '$!)e(a!en(e !$(ead$s. ;rad$ = Bien drenad$s ;rad$ >= E5'esia!en(e drenad$s. E ag&a se re(ira de s&e$ !&y rá)ida!en(e. •

•

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Per!ea0iida Per!ea0i idad= d= Cara'(er%s(i'a de s&e$ 2&e )er!i(e e )as$ de ag&a y aire a (ra6s de s&e$. $. La aerea'i-n de a )er!ea0iidad en '$nG&n($ de0e 3a'erse en 0ase a 3$ri1$n(e de !en$r )er!ea0iidad. Cases M) *e'!& Le'!& M%e-&&#e'!e *e'!& M%e-&& M%e-&& -3$"& R3$"& M) -3$"&

Ve$'idad de &G$ '!3$raF 0.00.1 0.1 & 0. 0. & 2 2&  & 12 12 & 2 M&%- & 2

Es'$rren(%a s&)er4'ia= Se -e7e-e & *& $-%$%-/"5' -e*&!"& /%' )e e* &()& es -e#%"& s%,-e *& s)$e-7/"e e* s)e*%. G-&% 0? E#$%&% '% +& es/%--e'!6& es/%--e'!6& s)$e-7/"&*. G-&% 1? M) *e'!& e' $e-7*es #) $%-%s%s. G-&% 2? Le'!&4 e' s)e*%s &-e'%s%s4 /&s" & '"e*. G-&% ;? R3$"&4 &s%/"&& /%' /"e-!% (-&% e $e'"e'!e. G-&% ? M) -3$"&4 /%' $e'"e'!es #&%-es4 *& es/%--e'!6& es/%--e'!6& es #&%)e *& "'7*!-&/"5'. Página 1


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&!edad= C%'"/"%'es e +)#e& e' e* s)e*%. B-ee es/-"$/"5' e *&s /%'"/"%'es e +)#e& -e"'&'!e e' e* s)e*%4 &* !"e#$% e -e&*"&- e* e@&#e' e* $e-7*. E8e#$*%? $e-7* e'!e-&#e'!e +#e%4 $e-7* se/% +&s!& 0 /#.  +#e% +&/"& &,&8%. Na)a /reá(i'a= N"e* :-e3!"/%? Se -e7e-e & *& $-%:)'"& e* '"e* :-e3!"/% e' e* !"e#$% e *& es/-"$/"5'. Er$si-n= =)ee e&*)&-se e' %s &s$e/!%s? E-%s E-%s"5 "5' ' $-es $-ese' e'!e !e % &/ &/!) !)&* &*44 /)&' /)&'% % +& +& e" e"e' e'/" /"& & e -e# e#%s %s"5 "5' ' &/e*e-&&. De$%s"/"5' e #&!e-"&*4 /%#% -es)*!&% e $-%/es%s e e-%s"5' e' e* 3-e& "'#e"&!&#e'!e /"-/)'&'!e &* $e-7*. =)ee "s!"'()"-se  /*&ses? N)*& N% +& $9-"&s L"(e-& =9-"& =9-"& e* 2 e* +%-"%'!e A. M%e-&& =9-"& =9-"& e* 2 &*  e* +%-"%'!e A. See-& =9-"& =9-"& e*  e A &* 2 e +%-"%'!e B M) see-&=9-"& e 2 &  e* +%-"%'!e B.

Dis(ri0&'i-n de ra%'es= ra%'es= =-%:)'"&  :%-#& e "s!-",)/"5' e *&s -&6/es e *& e(e!&/"5' e(e!&/"5' '&!)-&* % e *%s /)*!"%s es!&,*e/"%s. Pedreg$sidad y R$'$sidad Pedreg$sidad R$'$sidad== Se -e7e-e & *& $-ese'/"& e :-&(#e'!%s (-&'es % &%-&#"e'!%s -%/%s%s s%,-e % /e-/& e *& s)$e-7/"e e* s)e*% )e $)e& *"#"!&- e* )s% #%e-'% e e)"$% &(-6/%*& #e/&'"&%. Pr$/&ndidad e/e'(ia= Es e* es$es%- !%!&* e !%&s *&s /&$&s %'e *&s -&6/es e *&s $*&'!&s $)ee' es&--%**&-se '%-#&*#e'!e. '%-#&*#e'!e. E8e#$* E8e#$*%? %? C%'s!" C%'s!"!) !)e' e' "#$e" "#$e"#e' #e'!% !% &* es&es&--% -%**% **% -&"/) -&"/)*&*&-?? e* '"e* '"e* :-e3!"/%4 *& -%/& s),&/e'!e4 *& $-ese'/"& e /*&$&'4 e!/. M) s)$e-7/"&* 1 /#. S)$e-7/"&* 1 & ;0 /#. Re()*&- ;0 & 0 /#. Me"&'& 0 & 0 /#. =-%:)'& =-%:)'& 0 & 10 /#. M) $-%:)'& #3s e 10 /#. W-%! %!% %"' "'&s &s $e-: $e-:%%-&/ &/"% "%'e 'ess +e/+ +e/+&s &s $%$%- "'se "'se/! /!%s %s.. O0sera'i$nes= W=-%/ %/es es% % e +&$ +&$*%" *%"" "&/ &/"5 "5'. '. E' s)e* s)e*%s %s &&-e' e'%s %s%s %s  &-/" &-/"** **% %s% s%s4 s4 #e!e%-"&/"5' :6s"/&  )6#"/&.

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DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS ORIONTES INDIVIDUALES DEL SUELO

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I#&(e' ;? =e-7* e s)e*% e *& /&*"/&!& NQ1

S%!0$$ de 3$ri1$n(e y s&03$ri1$n( s&03$ri1$n(es= es= Ca)a A)= Arad&ra $ dis(&r0a'i-n. dis(&r0a'i-n. Crian1a de ani!aes d$!6s(i'$s. Ca)a A= Ca)a C"= Ma(eria )aren(a Ca)a C= Ca)a C>= Pr$/&ndidad de 'ada 3$ri1$n(e y s&0 3$ri1$n(e L%!i(e en(re 3$ri1$n(es C$$r de s&e$? Es )' /&-3/!e- e* s)e*% :3/"* & &$-e/"&-  e )' e#$*e% /5#%% $&-& "e'!"7/&- )' !"$% e s)e*% e' )'& -e("5' % *%/&*"&. S"' e#,&-(%4 & '"e* e *& /*&s"7/&/"5' e (-&'es !"$%s e s)e* s)e*%4 %4 es es!& !& /&-&/ /&-&/!e !e-6 -6s! s!"/ "/& & e* e* s)e* s)e*% % e,e e,e se- )s& )s&& & /% /%' ' #)/+ #)/+& & $-e/&)/"5'. L& e!e-#"'&/"5' e* /%*%- se +&/e e' se/%  e' +#e% $-e7-"9'%*& e' se/%4 )s&'% *& T&,*& e /%*%-es e MUNSELL. =%-/"5' -e*&!"& e *&s :-&//"%'es #e/3'"/&s )e /%'s!"!)e' Te5(&ra= =%-/"5' )' s)e*%4 e@$-es&% e' . Página 21


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Es(r&'(&ra= Es e* &--e(*% % &/%#%% e *&s $&-!6/)*&s $-"#&-"&s e* s)e*% $&-& :%-#&- &(-e(&%s e ":e-e'!es :%-#&s  !&#&<%s. • • •

Forma: Esferoidal- Granular Tamaño o clase: Fino a medio Grado o claridad: Sin estructura – grano simple. La nominación de la estructura es: Granular na sin estructura.

N%!&?? E* !"$% N%!& !"$%44 !&#& !&#&<% <%  (-& (-&% % s% s%' ' s)s/ s)s/e$ e$!" !",* ,*es es & /& /&#, #,"% "%ss &'!e &'!e?? =-3/!"/&s e -"e(%4 *&,-&'&4 :e-!"*"&/"5'4 e'/&*&% e "'/%-$%-&/"5' e MO.

C$nsis(en'ia= C$nsis(en 'ia= Se -e7e-e & *& $-%$"e& e* #&!e-"&* e37/% )e se e@$@$-es es& & $%- e* (-& (-&% %  /*&s /*&se e e /% /%+e +ess"5' "5'  &+es" +es"5 5' % $%$%- *& -es"s!e'/"& & *& e:%-#&/"5' % -)$!)-&. Se $)ee &$-e/"&- e' se/%4 e' +#e%  e' #%8&%. P3 $ rea''i-n de s&e$= Se )s& e* #9!%% /%*%-"#9!-"/% e* e**"(e T-)%(4 T-)%(4 )e /%'s"s!e e' /%#$&-&- e* /%*%- %,!e'"% /%' e* /%*%- e *& !&,*& es!3'&-4 $&-& e!e-#"'&- e* =+ e* s)e*%. 4  =+  

Car0$na($s i0res= Car0$na($s i 0res= Se #"e $%- e* (-&% e e:e-es/e'/"& $-%)/"% &* &$*"/&- C* "*)"% &* 1. ;rad$ de e/eres'en'ia E/eres'en'ia n&a $ !&y igera E/eres'en'ia igera E/eres'en'ia !edia E/eres'en'ia /&er(e

Presen'ia de 'ar0$na($s 0 U'& /-) D%s /-)/es T-es T -es /-)/es

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En a Mer'ed Segn e !6($d$ de sande$ 'a)as N > !!F N+ Q !!F N +!!F NQ " !!F N> "> !!F N " !!F N"  !!F T$(a > !!F

Masa en gra!$s .Q>g ."Qg >.">"g ".Q+>g .>g ."g .+"g ".>""g

OJA DE DESCRIPCIÓN DISTRITO LA ORO?A ORO?A Página 2;

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I#&(e' ;? V"s!& =&'%-3#"/& %'e se -e&*"5 *& /&*"/&!& NQ .

I#&(e' ? V"s!& &9-e& e *& %'& e C&,-&#&/+&. M&-(e' e-e/+& e* -6% T"s+(%.

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INORMACIÓN DEL SITIO MUESTREADO= As$'ia'i-n= Serie= Casi4'a'i-n= Cai'a(a= N< Cai'a(a= N< # e'3a= 2 e %/!),-e L$'aidad= C&,-&#&/+& C&s&-&/-&. M&-(e' e-e/+& e* -6% T"s+(%. As%/"&/"5' e V""e'&s R6% T"s+(%. D"s!-"!% e =&//+&. L& O-%& J)'6'. W# 12. e *& C&--e!e-& Ce'!-&*. Eea'i-n== ;0 #s'# Eea'i-n La(i(&d=

S&r ""< + >Q.+ Oes(e < Q+ .QQ

Ci!a= Ve-&'%? D6& 1Q1Q C N%/+e Q C I'"e-'%? D6& N%/+e

Q & 10Q C 1 Q C Página 2


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D&!%s e =-e/"$"!&/"5' =-e/"$"!&/"5' $*)"&* Te#$e-&!)-& Te#$e-&!)-& #e"& &')&* &')&* C)&'% se )s&' &!%s e )'& es!&/"5' #e!e%-%*5("/&4 e,e &'%!&-se *& "s!&'/"& e es!& es!&/"5' +&s!& e* $e-7* e* s)e*% es/-"!%. • •

isi$gra/ isi$g ra/%a= %a= Es a )$si' )$si'i-n i-n 4si$g 4si$grá4 rá4'a 'a de de &gar &gar $ &0i'a' &0i'a'i-n i-n den( den(r$ r$ de de )ais )aisaG aGe e na(& na(&ra ra. . As% As% (ene (ene!$ !$s s 'i!a 'i!as s de 'err 'err$s $s,, ade adera ras, s, '$in '$inas as,, )an )ani' i'ies ies,, an an&r &ras as,, )ied )iede! e!$n $n(e (e $ /ad /adas as $!adas, (erra1as, e('. Pie de !$n(e. Reiee Reie e== I!) I!)i' i'a a eea' eea'i-n i-n rea( rea(ia ia y 3a sid$ sid$ de4ni de4nid$ d$ '$!$ '$!$ eea'i$nes e irreg&aridades de &na s&)er4'ie de (erren$, '$nsiderand$ '$nsiderand$ s& ($(aidad, )&ede 'asi4'arse= Reiee n$r!a Reiee s&0n$r!a Reiee e5'esi$ Mi'r$reiees • • • •

Pendien(e= Se re4e re4ere re )rin )rin'i 'i)a )a! !en en(e (e a a grad gradie ien( n(e e de a )endien(e de a 1$na d$nde es(á &0i'ada e )er4 de s&e$. P&ede aadirs irse $(ras 'ara'(er%s(i'as= Ti)$ si!)e $ '$!)eGaF, '&ra(&ra '-n'aa $ '$ne5aF, $ngi(&d, dire''i-n $ e5)$si'i-n. SMBOLO A

K 0&2

B

2&

C D

 & 1; 1; & 2

E F

2 &  M3s e 

Si!)e =*&'& % /&s" $*&'& L"(e-&#e'!e "'/*"'&& I'/*"'&& M%e-&&#e'!e e#$"'&& E#$"'&& M) e#$"'&&

C$!)eGa =*&'& % /&s" $*&'& =*&'& %')*&& L"(e-&#e'!e M%'!"/)*&& M%'!&<%s%

N&!) !)-& -&*. *. C+"* C+"*)Z )Z&&- H=&8& &8& ,*&' ,*&'/& /&”. ”. N& N&!) !)-& -&** % /)*! /)*!" "%s %s Vege(a'i-n= N& es!& es !&,* ,*e/ e/" "%s %s?? E' e* /& /&s% s% e *& e(e e(e!& !&/" /"5' 5' '&!) '&!)-& -&*4 *4 '%#, '%#,-& -&-- *& :%-#&/"5 :%-#&/"5' ' e(e!&*? ,%s)e ,%s)e es$"'%s%4 es$"'%s%4 e(e!&/"5' e(e!&/"5' e *%#&s4 *%#&s4 $-&e-& $-&e-& '&!) '&!)-& -&*4 *4 ,%s ,%s)e )e !-%$ !-%$"/ "/&* &*44 e!/. e!/. L)e(% )e(% s" es $%s" $%s",* ,*es es *&s *&s es es$e $e/" /"es es ,%!3 ,%!3'" '"/& /&s4 s4 "'" "'"/& /&' '% % *&s *&s es es$e $e/" /"es es %#" %#"'& '&'! '!es es.. =&-& &-& e* /& /&s% s% e /)*!"%s4 e')#e-&- *%s $-"'/"$&*es  s" es $%s",*e &!%s &"/"%'&*es s%,s% ,-e e e* #&'e8 &'e8% % e s)e* s)e*%s %s44 )s% )s% e :ee-!" !"*" *"& &' '!es4 !es4 -%!&/ &/"% "%' 'es es44 -e'"#"e'!%s4 -e'"#"e'!%s4 e!/.

INORMACIÓN ;ENERAL SOBRE EL SUELO Ma(eria Ma(eri a Ma Madre dre== N% !"e'e +%-"%'!e C. C$!)rende in/$r!a'i-n s$0re e $rigen de !a(eria !adre y si es )$si0e s$0re a na(& na(&ra rae e1a 1a de a r$'a r$'a !adr !adre, e, eGe! eGe!) )$= $= !a(e !a(eri ria a a& a&ia ia Página 2


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deria deriad$ d$ de r$'as r$'as gran%( gran%(i'a i'as, s, !a(er !a(eria ia resid& resid&a a deri deriad ad$ $ de 0asa($. DrenaGe na(&ra= Se na(&ra= Se re4ere a a /re'&en'ia y d&ra'i-n de $s )eri$d$s d&ran(e $s '&aes e s&e$ n$ es(á sa(&rad$ ($(a $ )ar'ia!en(e, se 'asi4'a en 0ase a  'ara'(er%s(i'as= drenaGe e5(ern e5(ern$ $ $ es'$rr es'$rren( en(%a %a s&)er s&)er4'i 4'ia, a, )er!e )er!ea0 a0ii iidad dad y drena drenaGe Ge in(ern$ $ )er'$a'i-n. Se )&eden es(a0e'eras sig&ien(es 'ases de drenaGe na(&ra= ;rad$ = P$0re!en(e drenad$s. E ag&a sae (an en(a!en(e de s&e 2&e )er!ane'e 3!ed$ gran )ar(e de (ie!)$. ;rad$ "= I!)er/e'(a '(a!en(e drenad$s. E ag&a es re!$ida de s&e$ '$n (a en en(i(&d 2&e e s&e$ )er! )er!an ane' e'e e 3 3!e !ed$ d$ )$r )$r a)s a)s$s $s sign signi4 i4'a 'a(i (i$ $s s )er$ )er$ n$ ($d$ e (ie!)$ a "*Q '!, de a s&)er4'ie a)are'en !$(ead&ras, $s 3$ri1$n(e B y C '$!)e(a!en(e !$(ead$s. ;rad$ = Bien drenad$s ;rad$ >= E5'esia!en(e drenad$s. E ag&a se re(ira de s&e$ !&y rá)ida!en(e. •

•

• •

Per!ea0iida Per!ea0i idad= d= Cara'(er%s(i'a de s&e$ 2&e )er!i(e e )as$ de ag&a y aire a (ra6s de s&e$. $. La aerea'i-n de a )er!ea0iidad en '$nG&n($ de0e 3a'erse en 0ase a 3$ri1$n(e de !en$r )er!ea0iidad. Cases M) *e'!& Le'!& M%e-&&#e'!e *e'!& M%e-&& M%e-&& -3$"& R3$"& M) -3$"&

Ve$'idad de &G$ '!3$raF 0.00.1 0.1 & 0. 0. & 2 2&  & 12 12 & 2 M&%- & 2

Es'$rren(%a s&)er4'ia= Se -e7e-e & *& $-%$%-/"5' -e*&!"& /%' )e e* &()& es -e#%"& s%,-e *& s)$e-7/"e e* s)e*%. G-&% 0? E#$%&% '% +& es/%--e'!6& es/%--e'!6& s)$e-7/"&*. G-&% 1? M) *e'!& e' $e-7*es #) $%-%s%s. G-&% 2? Le'!&4 e' s)e*%s &-e'%s%s4 /&s" & '"e*. G-&% ;? R3$"&4 &s%/"&& /%' /"e-!% (-&% e $e'"e'!e. G-&% ? M) -3$"&4 /%' $e'"e'!es #&%-es4 *& es/%--e'!6& es/%--e'!6& es #&%)e *& "'7*!-&/"5'.

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&!edad= C%'"/"%'es e +)#e& e' e* s)e*%. B-ee es/-"$/"5' e *&s /%'"/"%'es e +)#e& -e"'&'!e e' e* s)e*%4 &* !"e#$% e -e&*"&- e* e@&#e' e* $e-7*. E8e#$*%? )er4 en(era!en(e 3!ed$4 $e-7* se/% +&s!& 0 /#.  +#e% +&/"& &,&8%. Na)a /reá /reá(i'a= (i'a= N$ se eg eg- a nie nie /reá /reá(i (i'$ '$. Se -e7e-e & *& $-%:)'"& e* '"e* :-e3!"/% e' e* !"e#$% e *& es/-"$/"5'. Er$si-n= =)ee e&*)&-se e' %s &s$e/!%s? E-%s E-%s"5 "5' ' $-es $-ese' e'!e !e % &/ &/!) !)&* &*44 /)&' /)&'% % +& +& e" e"e' e'/" /"& & e -e# e#%s %s"5 "5' ' &/e*e-&&. De$%s"/"5' e #&!e-"&*4 /%#% -es)*!&% e $-%/es%s e e-%s"5' e' e* 3-e& "'#e"&!&#e'!e /"-/)'&'!e &* $e-7*. =)ee "s!"'()"-se  /*&ses? N)*& N% +& $9-"&s L"(e-& =9-"& =9-"& e* 2 e* +%-"%'!e A. M%e-&& =9-"& =9-"& e* 2 &*  e* +%-"%'!e A. See-& =9-"& =9-"& e*  e A &* 2 e +%-"%'!e B M) see-&=9-"& e 2 &  e* +%-"%'!e B.

Dis(ri0&'i-n de ra%'es= ra%'es= Enrai1ada /&er(e!en(e a s&e$ s$0re ($)$ en a 'a)a s&)er4'ia. =-%:)'"&  :%-#& e "s!-",)/"5' e *&s -&6/es e *& e(e!&/"5' '&!)-&* '&!)-&* % e *%s /)*!"%s es!&,*e/"%s. Pedreg$sidad y R$'$sidad Pedreg$sidad R$'$sidad== R$'as a!arias en e 3$ri1$n(e B". Se -e7ee7e-e e & *& $-es $-ese' e'/" /"& & e :-&( :-&(#e #e'! '!%s %s (-&' (-&'e ess % &%&%-&# &#"e "e'! '!%s %s -%/%s%s s%,-e % /e-/& e *& s)$e-7/"e e* s)e*% )e $)e& *"#"!&- e* )s% #%e-'% e e)"$% &(-6/%*& #e/&'"&%. Pr$/&ndidad e/e'(ia= Es e* es$es%- !%!&* e !%&s *&s /&$&s %'e *&s -&6/es e *&s $*&'!&s $)ee' es&--%**&-se '%-#&*#e'!e. '%-#&*#e'!e. E8e#$* E8e#$*%? %? C%'s!" C%'s!"!) !)e' e' "#$e" "#$e"#e' #e'!% !% &* es&es&--% -%**% **% -&"/) -&"/)*&*&-?? e* '"e* '"e* :-e3!"/%4 *& -%/& s),&/e'!e4 *& $-ese'/"& e /*&$&'4 e!/. M) s)$e-7/"&* 1 /#. S)$e-7/"&* 1 & ;0 /#. Re()*&- ;0 & 0 /#. Me"&'& 0 & 0 /#. =-%:)'& =-%:)'& 0 & 10 /#. M) $-%:)'& #3s e 10 /#. W-%! %!% %"' "'&s &s $e-: $e-:%%-&/ &/"% "%'e 'ess +e/+ +e/+&s &s $%$%- "'se "'se/! /!%s %s.. O0sera'i$nes= W=-%/ %/es es% % e +&$ +&$*%" *%"" "&/ &/"5 "5'. '. E' s)e* s)e*%s %s &&-e' e'%s %s%s %s  &-/" &-/"** **% %s% s%s4 s4 #e!e%-"&/"5' :6s"/&  )6#"/&.

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DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS ORIONTES INDIVIDUALES DEL SUELO

S%!0$$ de 3$ri1$n(e y s&03$ri1$n( s&03$ri1$n(es= es= CARACTERSTICAS DEL PERIL DEL SUELO Ca) Ca)a A"= Arad rad&ra &ra $ dis( is(&r0 &r0a'ia'i-n. n. Cria rian1a n1a de ani! ani!a aes es d$!6s(i'$s.  '!. Ca)a A= " '! transicional Ca)a AB=  '!. Horionte transicional Ca)a B"= Q '!. La consistencia es !enos dura Ca)a 0= + '!. Pr$/&ndidad de 'ada 3$ri1$n(e y s&03$ri1$n(e L%!i(e en(re 3$ri1$n(es

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C$$r de s&e$? Es )' /&-3/!e- e* s)e*% :3/"* & &$-e/"&-  e )' e#$*e% /5#%% $&-& "e'!"7/&- )' !"$% e s)e*% e' )'& -e("5' % *%/&*"&. S"' e#,&-(%4 & '"e* e *& /*&s"7/&/"5' e (-&'es !"$%s e s)e* s)e*%4 %4 es es!& !& /&-&/ /&-&/!e !e-6 -6s! s!"/ "/& & e* e* s)e* s)e*% % e,e e,e se- )s& )s&& & /% /%' ' #)/+ #)/+& & $-e/&)/"5'. L& e!e-#"'&/"5' e* /%*%- se +&/e e' se/%  e' +#e% $-e7-"9'%*& e' se/%4 )s&'% *& T&,*& e /%*%-es e MUNSELL. =%-/"5' -e*&!"& e *&s :-&//"%'es #e/3'"/&s )e /%'s!"!)e' Te5(&ra= =%-/"5' )' s)e*%4 e@$-es&% e' .

Es(r&'(&ra= Es e* &--e(*% % &/%#%% e *&s $&-!6/)*&s $-"#&-"&s e* s)e*% $&-& :%-#&- &(-e(&%s e ":e-e'!es :%-#&s  !&#&<%s. C$nsis(en'ia= C$nsis(en 'ia= Se -e7e-e & *& $-%$"e& e* #&!e-"&* e37/% )e se e@$@$-es es& & $%- e* (-& (-&% %  /*&s /*&se e e /% /%+e +ess"5' "5'  &+es" +es"5 5' % $%$%- *& -es"s!e'/"& & *& e:%-#&/"5' % -)$!)-&. Se $)ee &$-e/"&- e' se/%4 e' +#e%  e' #%8&%. P3 $ rea''i-n de s&e$= Se )s& e* #9!%% /%*%-"#9!-"/% e* e**"(e T-)%(4 T-)%(4 )e /%'s"s!e e' /%#$&-&- e* /%*%- %,!e'"% /%' e* /%*%- e *& !&,*& es!3'&-4 $&-& e!e-#"'&- e* =+ e* s)e*%. Car0$na($s i0res= Car0$na($s i 0res= Se #"e $%- e* (-&% e e:e-es/e'/"& $-%)/"% &* &$*"/&- C* "*)"% &* 1. ;rad$ de e/eres'en'ia E/eres'en'ia n&a $ !&y igera E/eres'en'ia igera E/eres'en'ia !edia E/eres'en'ia /&er(e

Presen'ia de 'ar0$na($s 0 U'& /-) D%s /-)/es T-es T -es /-)/es

O0sera'i$nes= En es(e s&e$ a!$s a en'$n(rar $s 3$ri1$n(es O, A ? B. En a )ri!era 'a)a a!$s a en'$n(rar es(r&'(&ra gran&ar.

AN9LISIS MEC9NICO POR CAPAS= La 'a)a 'a)a AB= AB= e* &'3*"s"s /%' e* &/"% /*%-+6-"/% -es)*!& )' /%*%- $e!-5*e% "'!e's%  e* &()& %@"(e'&& es #&s e:e-es/e'/"&

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La 'a)a A= *& !e'e- /%'!&/!% /%' &/"% /*%-+6-"/% '% +& e:e-es/e'/"& $e-% /%' &()& %@"(e'&& *& e:e-es/e'/"& es #)/+% #&s "'!e's&  -3$"& $e-% &#,&s !%#&' e* e-e $e!-%*e%

La 'a)a B= &* !e'e- e' /%'!&/!% /%' &()& %@"(e'&& e:e-ese  !%#& )' /%*%- e-e $e!-5*e% *% /)&* '%s & & e'!e'e- )e !"e'e #&!e-"& %-(3'"/&

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Res&(ad$s de a0$ra($ri$ Cai'a(a de La Or$ya Masa de !&es(ra de de 'ada 3$ri1$n(e /&e "g '& Cara'(er%s(i'as F%-#& C%'s"s!e'/"& ORIONTES

es:e-%"&* Se/% )-%

$ Caridad

A1 A2 T-&'s"/"5' T-&'s"/"5' B1 B2

ORIONTES A1 A2 T-&'s"/"5' T-&'s"/"5' B1 B2

;rad$ F"'% G-)es% G-)es% M) G-)es% Me"%

;rad$ $ Caridad M%e-&% D9,"* F)e-!e D9,"* M%e-&%

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JUSTIICACIÓN= JUSTIICACIÓN= L& es/-"$/"5' e *%s $e-7*es e *%s s)e*%s4 "')e'/"&%s $%- *%s :&/!%-es e :%-#&/"5' e s)e*%  es!%s :&/!%-es s%' "e-s%s e' *&s -e("%'es '&!)-&*es e* =e-. C%#$*e C%#$ *e#e #e'! '!&&- *%s *%s /% /%'% '%/" /"#" #"e' e'!% !%ss $-e $-e"& "&#e #e'! '!e e &) &)""-" "%s %s e /&-&/!e-6s!"/&s :6s"/&s4 )6#"/&s  ,"%*5("/&s e* s)e*%4 $&-& !e'e- )'& "s"5' "'!e(-&*. As"#"s#% "'!e-$-e!&- *%s ":e-e'!es +%-"%'!es e' e* $e-7* e* s)e*%4 -e/%'%/e- *%s !"$%s e s)e*%4 e!e-#"'&- e* $%!e'/"&*4 s) &$!"!)4 #&'e8%  /%'se-&/"5' e es!e -e/)-s% "#$%-!&'!es. T&#,"9' &#,"9' es "#$%-! "#$%-!&'! &'!e e -e&*" -e&*"&&- )' -e/%'%/ e/%'%/"#"e "#"e'!% '!% 7s"%(7s"%(-37/ 37/% %  (e%# (e%#%%-:% :%*5 *5(" ("/% /% e *& %'& %'& e es es!) !)" "%4 %4 &'&* &'&*" "&' &'% % *&s *&s :%:%-#& #&ss (e%(-37/&s &/!)&*es  *%s :&/!%-es )e "'!e-"'"e-%' e' *& e*&,%-&/"5' e e**&s.

RECOMENDACIONES E* es!)"% es!)"% e&:%*5("/% /%'s"s!e /%'s"s!e e' &'&*"&- &* s)e*% $&-& $&-& s) #e8%-& e' e' *& $-%)//"5'4 $-%)//"5'4 e* /)"&%  !-&!&#"e'!% !-&!&#"e'!% )e e#%s & es!e e$e'e e$e'e e' *& %'& e' )e se +&**& -e&*"& "/+% es!)"%

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    

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Re/ e/)$ )$ee-&/ &/"5 "5' '  #& #&'! '!e' e'"# "#"e "e'! '!% % e *& :e-! :e-!"* "*" "& & e *%s *%s s)e* s)e*%s %s #e"&'!e e* #&'e8% e/%*5("/% e s)e*%s K$%*" /)*!"%s4 &s%/"&/"5'  -%!&/ -%!&/"5' "5' e /)*!" /)*!"%s4 %s4 /%,e-! /%,e-!)-& )-& e(e!& e(e!&*4 *4 &(-%:% &(-%:%-e -es!e s!e-6& -6&44 e!/. e!/.  &()&s Kse/&'%4 "'7*!-&/"5'4 -"e(%  -"e(% !e/'"7/&%. D"s#"')"- $e'"e'!e4 $&-& $-ee'"- *& $9-"& e s)e*% $%- e-%s"5' K /%'s!-)//"5' e $"-/&s  &'e'es. Me8%-&- e* CIC. (e'e (e'e-& -&-#"/#"/-%/ %/*" *"#& #&ss $&-& $&-& e': e':--e'!& e'!&-- *%s *%s -e! -e!%s %s e e *& ,&8& ,&8& !e#$e-&!)-&4 "e'!%s  !&#,"9' $*&(&s. $-%)/"- &,%'%s %-(3'"/%s e' *&s $&-/e*&s. I'/%-$%-&/"5' e /)*!"%s4 &(-%:%-es!&*es.

I:. BIBLIO;RAA Página ;


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AURIS4 E. M&')&* e A'3*"s"s e S)e*%s4 =*&'!&s  A()&s. UNICA. I/&4 =e-4 11. VILLA CICA4 . M&')e* e *&,%-&!%-"% e e&:%*%(6&. E"!%-"&* A(-%'%#6&. UNA. L& M%*"'&4 =e-. 12. RIVERA MANTILLA4 . Ge%*%(6& Ge'e-&*. =-"#e-& e"/"5' 2001 L"#&=e-. =3(. 11 [AV [AVALET ALETA A GARCÍA GARCÍA44 A. E&:%* E&:%*%(6 %(6& & E* s)e*% s)e*% e' -e*&/ -e*&/"5' "5' /%' *& $-%)//"5'. $-%)//"5'. UNA L& M%*"'&4 =e-. 12.

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Edafologia - Estudios de Suelos

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