Pangasinan State University Integrated School-Senior High School Bayambang, Pangasinan S.Y. 2016-2017
EFFECTIVENESS OF PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM (4P ’s) AS IMPLEMENTED IN BARANGAY POBLACION WEST, ALCALA, PANGASINAN
An Action Research Research Report
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Research I
Submitted by: DARRYL A. ENVERZO JOHN ERICK M. PANDE CHRISTINE JOY D. ELEAZAR APRIL JOYCE DE DE LEON
Grade XI-HUMSS-Socrates XI-HUMSS-Socrates
Submitted to: Mrs. Gemma Escaño Escaño
(Research Instructor)
Page 0
Chapter I
Background of the Study
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is one of the
Philippine
government’s
most
expensive
social
protection
programs that provide conditional cash grants to the poorest of
the
poor,
to
improve
the
health,
nutrition,
and
the
education of children aged 0-18. It is patterned after the conditional cash transfer (CCT) schemes in Latin American and African countries, which have lifted millions of people around the world from poverty. This program aims to educate many Filipino
children
starting
from
pre-school
education
to
secondary education by giving them daily allowances as they go to their daily classes. Their parents benefit from the program since
their
dietary
children
allowances
learn
for
a
food
lot of
in
school
their
and
are
given
children
as
their
children go to school. The program has focused on these objectives: 1) Social assistance: To provide cash assistance to the poor to alleviate their immediate needs (short-term poverty alleviation); alleviation); and 2) Social development: To invest capability building they will
be
able
to
break
the
cycle.
Page 1
intergenerational
poverty
A
development
program
designed
to
promote
investment
in
human capital and to fulfill the Millennium Development Goals; namely,
to
reduce
extreme
poverty
and
hunger,
to
achieve
universal primary education, to reduce child mortality, to improve maternal health and to promote gender equality and empowering women (DSWD 2011).
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) operates in all the 17 regions in the Philippines, covering 79 provinces, 143
cities,
and
1,484
municipalities.
Beneficiaries
are
selected through the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR), which identifies who and where the poor are in the country.
The beneficiaries are selected through Proxy Means Test that considers the ownership of assets, type of housing, education of the household head, livelihood of the family and access to water and sanitation facilities. As of August 26, 2015, there are 4,353,597 active householdbeneficiaries, of which 570,056 are indigenous households and 217,359
have
at
least
one
10,235,658
schoolchildren
registered
with
an
PWD.
aged
average
of
The
0
to
two
to
program 18,
also
from
three
covers
the
total
children
per
Welfare
and
household. According
to
the
Department
of
Social
Development (DSWD), the 4Ps provides conditional cash grants
Page 2
to beneficiaries consisting of PhP6,000 a year (or PhP500 per month) per household for health and nutrition expenses; and PhP3,000 for one school year or to be exact, 10 months (or PhP300/month) per child for educational expenses. A maximum of three
children
per
household
is
allowed.
A
household
with
three qualified children receives a subsidy of PhP1, 400/month during the school year or PhP15, 000 annually as long as they comply with the following conditionalities: conditionalities: 1. Pregnant women must avail pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a trained professional; 2. Parents or guardians must attend the family development sessions, which include topics on responsible parenting, health, and nutrition; 3. Children aged 0-5 must receive regular preventive health check-ups and vaccines; 4. Children aged 6-14 must receive deworming pills twice a year; and 5. Children-beneficiaries aged 3-18 must enroll in school, and maintain an attendance of at least 85% of class days every month. It is the time now to look upon situation in the Barangay Poblacion
West,
Alcala,
Pangasinan
where
the
4Ps
had
been
implemented since 2008. After few years of its implementation, there is a need to assess the program using qualitative means and thus create spaces for further analysis, discussion and
Page 3
improvement in the area of policy-making. To complement this, an interview to some of the household beneficiaries of the program is needed, to inspect what are the changes before and after the implementation, if the program has a big help to decrease the rate of poverty, their health and their children who studying in school and also to discern if the program needs
to
enhance
its
strategies
particularly
in
a
certain
barangay where politicians and other people who abuse the said program are involved. Conceptual Framework
The researchers made a diagram to better understand and determine
the
cycle
of
how
to
collect
a
data
about
the
effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in Barangay Poblacion West, Alcala, Pangasinan.
Page 4
Research Paradigm
The figure 1 shows the relationship between the input, process and output of the research study.
Input
The researchers will conduct an interview 50% of the beneficiaries of 4Ps in Barangay Poblacion West, Alcala, Pangasinan.
Process
The questions during the interview should answered by the respondents and it must be about the condition of their family and the effectiveness of the program.
Output
The researchers expecting a good result and get the succession of the research to inform other people about the circumstances happening in a particular barangay. Figure 1: Relationship between the input, process and output of the study
The determine
concept the
of
this
effectiveness
research of
will
Pantawid
focus
on
Pamilyang
how
to
Pilipino
Program (4Ps) in Barangay Poblacion West, Alcala, Pangasinan.
Page 5
Statement of the Problem
The aim of this study is to satisfy the following questions: 1) What are the things the beneficiaries knew about Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) when attending family development session (FDS)? 2) How are the condition (in health and education) of the beneficiaries and their children after they were chosen to participate in the program? 3) What are the things the conditional cash grants help the beneficiaries beneficiaries in their everyday life? 4) Do
the
beneficiaries
have
an
issues
and
concerns
regarding the program? Significance of the Study
This Pantawid
study
will
Pamilyang
focus
Pilipino
in
the
Program
effectiveness (4Ps)
in
the
of
the
Barangay
Poblacion West, Alcala, Pangasinan and expecting to assist the following: For children age 0-18 - this study will help them to make sure
they
will
go
to
school
regularly
and
get
vaccinated
and
dewormed at the health centers. For
parents -
development
is
to
sessions
attend (FDS)
and to
participate learn
about
in the
the
family
rights
of
children, gender equality, the handling of domestic conflict,
Page 6
family planning, basic financial planning, the local sourcing of
nutritious
foods,
ecological
awareness,
disaster
preparedness, and active citizenship. For the social workers under
situation
of
their
4P’s-
is to inform them about the
beneficiaries,
how
the
system
of
this
program works in a certain barangay, about the issues and concerns regarding in this program and for them to better appreciate how they facilitate this significant program. In addition, it will also help them to fix the changes and expand their ideas to make the program more reliable and to achieve and fulfill the Millennium Development Goals. For
other
researchers -
is
to
give
them
enough
information
about the program for their own research, how they will expand it, and discover other issues regarding the topic and how they can figure it out . Scope and Delimitation
The study is limited only since it will focus in one barangay to discern the effects to the 4Ps beneficiaries. The preparation of the interview will conduct at the residence of the household beneficiaries at the Barangay Poblacion West, Alcala, Pangasinan. Moreover, this study will only use limited explanatory
variables
that
will
questionnaires questionnaires for beneficiaries.
Page 7
find
in
the
interview
Definition of Terms
a) Alleviate- to partially remove or correct. b) Beneficiary- a person, organization, etc., that is helped by a government or any organization. c) Conditional
Cash
Grants-
where
the
government
only
transfers the money to people who meet certain criteria. Acronyms
a) 4P’s- Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program b) CCT- Conditional Cash Transfer c) DOH- Department of Health d) DSWD- Department of Social Welfare Development e) FDS- Family Development Session f) MDG- Millennium Development Goal g) NHTS-PR- National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction h) PMT- Proxy Means Test
Page 8
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This
chapter
will
focus
from
the
previous
or
past
research to look for existing knowledge related to this topic that entails looking into ideas that are similar and different from the present study. Related Literature
The
Pantawid
conditional
cash
government.
The
Pamilyang transfer
program
Pilipino
(CCT) was
Program
program
first
of
(4Ps)
the
implemented
is
a
Philippine in
Brazil,
Mexico and Colombia that was patterned of Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). The experts said the development of the CCT programs in Mexico,
Brazil,
and
Colombia
is
not
perfect,
but
has
significantly improved through the years. Mexico started its CCT program in 1999, Brazil in 2003 and Colombia in 2000. Those
countries
evaluation
of
attributed the
this
programs
over
improvement the
period
to
regular of
their
implementation. The program was renamed Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) by Santiago and Samantha A. Vizconde on July 16, 2008 by administrative order number 16, series of 2008 and set implementing guidelines. It is a health and education program
Page 9
by Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s administration and was expanded by the Late President Benigno Simeon Aquino III. After eight years of its implementation ADB approved a $400 million loan for the Philippine government, began the CCT program
to
expand,
and
became
the
third
largest
program
compared to the Mexico and Colombia. Nevertheless, there are some
changes
that
affect
the
beneficiaries
during
its
development and that are the non-poor who do not really need the
cash
grants/transfer,
the
politicians
that
should
not
involve in the program and how the authorities facilitate the program. Until CCT programs are making governments rethink cash transfers and other similar interventions such as creating a new type of budgetary allocation that could help the system of an organization. organization. Therefore, the research or the expansion of the program provides a great opportunity to evaluate every barangay and examine every beneficiary in the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). Related Studies
Foreign Source
According
to
the
study
of
Rawlings
and
Rubio
(2003),
"Evaluating the Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs"
Page 10
there is a clear evidence of program success in increasing enrollment rates, improving preventive health care and raising household consumption from the expansion of condition cash transfer programs throughout the Latin America and Caribbean region.
The
evaluation
in
their
area
is
effective
that
strengthens the big impact of new CCT programs in Jamaica, Colombia and urban areas of Mexico and it will be useful to understanding the capacity of CCT programs to fulfill the new demands imposed on them. In the research of Maria Romano (2016), the CCT programs have proved to be a rapid and efficient panacea to a plethora of social development issues such as high poverty rates and low school enrollment rates. These programs have been asserted as being more successful than the traditional welfare model. The
result
of
this
study
showed
that
there
was
an
enormous change in the poverty rate and enrollment rate. Local Source
Reyes, Tabuga, Mina and Asis (2015) stated one of the results of their research entitled "Promoting Inclusive Growth through the 4Ps" that the 4Ps program leads to an increase in the school participation rate by 3.0 percentage points among children aged 6 –14." The
results
of
the
study
of
Agbon,
Nolasco,
Aguilar,
Abellanosa and Ligaton (2013) indicate that Pantawid Pamilyang
Page 11
Pilipino
Program
Strategies
in
Cebu
(4Ps): City,
Examining Philippines,
Gaps has
and
Enhancing
greatly
helped
beneficiaries attain the program’s basic objectives in the short run. Their study showed that the 4p’s program has mass ively helped its beneficiaries in terms of health, education, and livelihood.
Page 12
Chapter III
Methodology
This chapter discusses the research design, participants, sources
of
data,
procedure,
data
gathering
instrument
and
statistical treatment of data. Research Design
The
researchers
will
use
the
descriptive
method
of
research in this study since the past researchers are studying it. The data that will gather together with the descriptive statistics will then use to analyze such data. The purpose of this study is to determine if the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program
(4P’s)
is
effective
enough
to
reduce
the
extreme
poverty particularly in a certain barangay. Participants
The
participants
are
Barangay
Poblacion
West,
randomly
selected
who
the
4P’s
Alcala,
will
join
beneficiaries
Pangasinan. and
They
participate
in
the
will
be
in
the
interview as an instrument to collect a data. Procedure
In order for the researchers to conduct the interview, they will need to ask permission from the research teacher. The researchers will cooperate with the respondents and the interview will be held at the house of the beneficiaries. The
Page 13
gathering covers
of
the
5-10
data
minutes.
expected As
the
through
the
interview
interview
takes
will
place,
the
respondents’ answers will be recorded and transcribed and will be analyzed and extracted. Everything that the respondents state
that
it
is
their
privacy
to
give
the
data,
the
researchers will just keep it confidential and for research purpose only. Sources of Data
The total
Barangay
of
Poblacion
twenty
implemented.
A
West,
beneficiaries
total
of
Alcala, when
households’
Pangasinan the
has
program
beneficiarie s
will
a
was be
targeted including the number of their children. The sample will
include
fifty
percent
of
the
total
number
of
beneficiaries will be randomly selected. Moreover, structured interviews (comprising of open and closed questions) will be administered using an interview designed to capture program enrollment
data,
implementation
criteria
information,
for
selection,
acceptability
and
program level
of
satisfaction, impressions, benefits obtained, and issues and concerns. Data Gathering Instrument
The researchers will use a questionnaire that includes the instrument that would help the respondents in answering and rating the following situational questions:
Page 14
1-3. Put a check ( √) on the label, you have chosen. Questionnaires Questionnaires
Always
Sometimes
Never
1. How often do your children attend school? 2. In terms of health, how often do you and your children visit the doctor for a monthly check up? 3. How frequent do you attend in the Family Development Session (FDS)? 4. What are the things that you have accumulated with the use of conditional cash grants that were given by the Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s)? o Reconstruction Reconstruction of the house o Business o Appliances o Furniture o Others (Please specify)______________ 5. On a scale of 1 to 3, how did 4p’s changed or improved your way of living? ___ (3-
Not improved; 2- Improved; 1- Very much improved)
Page 15
Statistical Treatment of Data
The data that the researchers will collect will be put together and calculated according to the answers of the 4P’s beneficiaries and the observation of the researchers on how they respond to the questions. However, the researchers will use a formula to explain better the data that will gather. Percentage of all beneficiaries ’ answers will
be
calculated
distinguish
and
show
and how
interpreted effective
Pilipino Program (4P’s) is.
Page 16
in
into the
every a
question
histogram
Pantawid
to
Pamilyang
