Electrical System Audit Is it Important ?
Electrical System Audit
What is Electrical System Audit 1. Energy Efficiency and Power Saving 2. SLD Review and Update 3. Electrical Equipment Survey & Records Update. 4. Power System Studies 5. Device Evaluation ( Application, Rating,
Standard, Technology ) 6. Obsolescence & Technical Issues 7. Action Plan for Maintenance, Upgrade and/or
Replacement.
Electrical System Audit
What is Energy Efficiency & Power Saving? Energy efficiency study include:
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Evaluating your facility electrical network and review your power consumption Propose an attractive payback electrical savings solutions by improving the efficiency of the distribution system. The proposed solution will usually identify the opportunities available for power saving and thus reduce your electricity bill. Power quality audit will be used to determine power quality problems generated by nonlinear loads like computers and other digital equipment.
Electrical System Audit
What is Energy Efficiency & Power Saving? Energy efficiency study include:
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Harmonics analysis is performed to determine the distortion level in power signal due to these harmonics and recommend solutions to reduce them and keep within an acceptable THD ( Total Harmonics Distortion) level. These harmonics are generated by computers, UPS systems, office equipment, PLC's, variable frequency AC motor drives, DC motor drives, rectifiers, etc. Motor power consumption saving . motors are not intelligent and efficient electrical equipment when they are lightly loaded.
Electrical System Audit
SLD and Electrical Drawings Review and Update 1. Old SLD and drawings must be updated
to reflect new changes and expansions. (true as-built, updated as-built) 2. Basis for Electrical Equipment Survey &
Records Update. 3. Basis for any power system study. 4. Basis for any device evaluation study
( Application, Rating, Standard, Technology ).
Electrical System Audit
Electrical Equipment Survey & Records Update. 1. Site survey and verification of equipment
data ( name plate data, physical condition, etc.) 2. Tabulation of equipment data and updating
existing data base, if any, to reflect new changes and expansions.
Electrical System Audit
Electrical Power System Studies • • • • •
Maintain acceptable power Quality levels, including proper operating voltages. Ensure reliability of power system and reduce costly system disturbances. Ensure that power distribution system is designed and implemented adequately and efficiently. Minimize harmonic disturbances created by nonlinear loads. Identify opportunities for enhanced energy management and a more cost-efficient operation.
Electrical System Audit
Electrical Power System Studies • • • • • • • • •
Short Circuit Relay Coordination ( Selectivity) Load Flow & Voltage Drop Power Factor Correction Grounding Harmonics Insulation Coordination Switching Transient Specialized Studies ( Insulation Coordination, Switching Transient, voltage regulation, transient stability, load shedding, voltage flicker and Ferro resonance).
Electrical System Audit
Electrical Power System Studies “Audits” 1. Power Quality Audit - identify the nature and source of power problems experienced by a facility's electrical system. 2. Electrical Safety Audit - audits procedures and guidelines in accordance with industry standards. This is related to personnel safety and aim to improve the safety of maintenance and operating personnel.
Electrical System Audit
Device Evaluation ( Application, Rating, Standard, Technology ) Application Ratings Standards
: ( Breaker vs. Contactor ?)
: Frequency, Cont. Amp, KA, MVA, De-rating factors .. : ANSI, IEC, SASO, etc.
Technology : Vacuum, SF6, GIS, Numerical Relays, energy efficient motors .. Age
: Deterioration of material and insulation.
Electrical System Audit Equipment Type
Medium Voltage Switchgear
Applicable Standards
IEC
56, 298, 694
ANSI
C37 20.2
UL
1670
BS
5311, 6581, 5253
DIN
40050
Low Voltage Switchgear IEC
129, 439, 157
ANSI
C37 20.1
UL
891, 1558
BS
5486, 5227
DIN
40050
Electrical System Audit Equipment Type
Low Voltage Motor Control Center (MCC)
Applicable Standards
IEC
158, 157, 292
ANSI
NEMA ICS 2-322
UL
845
BS
5424, 4794
NEC
NFPA 70 430
Low Voltage PanelboardsIEC
439, 408
ANSI
Federal WP 115C
UL
67, 50
BS
88, 5486
NEC
NFPA 70
Electrical System Audit
Obsolescence & Technical Issues
Spare parts availability
Old technology (OCB, ACB, Old relays, Low efficient motors, etc.)
Manufacturer Support
Environmental and legal issues ( PCB, Asbestos, SF6, etc.).
Power quality issues
Energy Efficient equipment
Electrical System Audit
Action Plan for Maintenance, Upgrade and/or Replacement. Maintenance
Digital diagnostic and predictive software.
maintenance
Advanced on-line assessment programs like online partial discharge, on-line power transformers combustible gases monitoring,etc.
Upgrade
Switchgear retrofit , Protection retrofit/upgrade, Control and EMS.
Replacement Plan for obsolete equipment.
