VELAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE SURAPET DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING AT 2255 – ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TESTING LA BORATORY
LAB MANUAL Cycle I 1. Study of dyn!o!"t"#$ 2. Study of "!%$$%on !"$u#%n& %n$t#u!"nt$
t%!%n& d%&#! of S%n&)"+,y)%nd"# SI "n&%n" "n&%n" '. ()*" t%!%n& $t#o/" "n&%n" -. Po#t t%!%n& d%&#! of to $t#o/" 5. P"#fo#!n," nd "!%$$%on$ t"$t on !u)t%+,y)%nd"# SI "n&%n" 0. "t )n," t"$t on !u)t%+,y)%nd"# SI "n&%n" 3. Mo#$" t"$t on !u)t%+,y)%nd"# !u)t%+,y)%nd"# SI "n&%n"
Cycle II
1. P"#fo#!n," nd "!%$$%on$ t"$t on !u)t%+,y)%nd"# CI "n&%n" )n," t"$t on !u)t%+,y)%nd"# !u)t%+,y)%nd"# CI "n&%n" "n&%n" 2. "t )n," to+4"")"# SI "n&%n" '. P"#fo#!n," nd "!%$$%on t"$t on to+4"")"# "n&%n" -. R"t#dt%on t"$t on IC "n&%n" d%"$") "n&%n" 5. P+ nd P+( d%&#! of $%n&)" ,y)%nd"# d%"$")
Cycle I
Ex.No:1
Date: STUD ST UDY Y OF OF DYN DYNAM AMOM OMET ETER ERS S US USED FOR FOR ENGIN NGINE E TES TES TING IN G
Ai:
To $tudy out dyn!o!"t"#$ u$"d fo# f%nd%n& t4" "n&%n" #/" 6o"# +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Ex.No:!
Date: STUDY OF EMISSION MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
A%!7 To $tudy out "!%$$%on !"$u#%n& %n$t#u!"nt$ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Ex.No:"
Date: VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM OF SINGLE# CYLINDER ENGINE
AIM:
To d# t4" *)*" t%!%n& d%&#! fo# t4" &%*"n !u)t%+,y)%nd"# "n&%n". E$UI%MENTS RE$UIRED:
1. M"$u#%n& t6" 2. S,)" '. F"")"# &u&" FORMULA:
R"8u%#"d n&)" 9
L
>'0?
:4"#"; L 9 D%$tn," of t4" *)*" o6"n%n& o# ,)o$%n& 6o$%t%on !#/"d on f)y4"") %t4 #"$6",t to t4"%# d"d ,"nt#". C 9 C%#,u!f"#"n," of t4" f)y4"") %ROCEDURE: 1. F%#$t t4" In)"t nd E<4u$t *)*"$ #" %d"nt%f%"d. 2
T4" TDC nd BDC 6o$%t%on$ of t4" 6%$ton #" found $ fo))o$. T4" f)y4"") %$ #ott"d nd 4"n t4" 6%$ton #",4"$ n #%t##%)y ,4o$"n )o,t%on %n t4" ,y)%nd"# !#/ %$ !d" on t4" f)y4"") &%n$t f%<"d !#/ on t4" f#!". T4" f)y4"") %$ #ott"d nd 4"n t4" 6%$ton ,o!"$ to t4" $!" !#/ %n %t$ don#d $t#o/" !#/ %$ !d" on t4" f)y4"") &%n$t t4" f%<"d !#/ ,4o$"n. T4" !%d 6o%nt of t4"$" to !#/$ &%*"$ t4" TDC 6o$%t%on of t4" 6%$ton nd t4" d%!"t#%,))y o66o$%t" 6o$%t%on &%*"$ t4" BDC.
'. T4" ,o##",t d%#",t%on of #ott%on %$ found f#o! t4" $"8u"n," of o6"n%n& nd ,)o$%n& of t4" %n)"t nd "<4u$t *)*"$. -. T4" ,%#,u!f"#"n," of t4" f)y4"") %$ d"t"#!%n"d u$%n& t4" !"$u#%n& t6". 5. T4" f)y4"") %$ #ott"d nd t4" 6o%nt t 4%,4 t4" %n)"t *)*" $t#t$ o6"n%n& %$ found out nd %t$ 6o$%t%on %$ !#/"d on t4" f)y4"") &%n$t t4" f%<"d !#/. 0. S%!%)#)y t4" 6o$%t%on t 4%,4 %t ,)o$"$ %$ )$o found out. 3. T4" $!" 6#o,"du#" %$ #"6"t"d fo# t4" "<4u$t *)*". =. T4" d%$tn,"$ of t4" o6"n%n& nd ,)o$%n& of t4" to *)*"$ #" !"$u#"d %t4 #"$6",t to t4" d"d ,"nt#" nd ,on*"#t"d %nto n&)"$ u$%n& t4" #")t%on &%*"n o*".
OBSERVATION:
E+e't
Di&ta'ce ()o t*ei) )e&,ecti+e -ea- ce't)e& i' c/
Val+e o,e'i' ,e)io- i' -e1)ee&
%o&itio' 0.).to -ea-
In)"t *)*" o6"n$ In)"t *)*" ,)o$"$ E<4u$t *)*" o6"n$ E<4u$t *)*" ,)o$"$ RESULT:
T4" *)*" t%!%n& of t4" &%*"n fou# $t#o/" "n&%n" %$ found out nd t4" d%&#! %$ d#n. Du#t%on of $u,t%on $t#o/"
9
Du#t%on of ,o!6#"$$%on $t#o/"
9
Du#t%on of "<6n$%on $t#o/"
9
Du#t%on of "<4u$t $t#o/"
9
Du#t%on of *)*" o*"#)6
9
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Ex.No:2
Date: %ORT TIMING DIAGRAM OF T3O STRO4E ENGINE
AIM:
To d# t4" 6o#t t%!%n& d%&#! fo# t4" &%*"n to $t#o/" "n&%n". TOOLS RE$UIRED:
1. M"$u#%n& t6" 2. S,)" FI5ING T6E DEAD CENTRES:
T4" f)y4"") %$ #ott"d nd 4"n t4" 6%$ton #",4"$ n #%t##%)y ,4o$"n )o,t%on %n t4" ,y)%nd"# !#/ %$ !d" on t4" f)y4"") &%n$t f%<"d !#/ on t4" f#!". T4" f)y4"") %$ #ott"d nd 4"n t4" 6%$ton ,o!"$ to t4" $!" !#/ %n %t$ don#d $t#o/" !#/ %$ !d" on t4" f)y4"") &%n$t t4" f%<"d !#/ ,4o$"n. T4" !%d6o%nt of t4"$" to !#/$ &%*"$ t4" TDC 6o$%t%on of t4" 6%$ton nd t4" d%!"t#%,))y o66o$%t" 6o$%t%on &%*"$ t4" BDC IDENTIFICATION OF %OSTS:
T4" 6o#t 4%,4 4$ !o#" #" nd %$ n"#"# to t4" TDC %$ t4" "<4u$t 6o#t nd t4" ot4"# on" %$ t4" %n)"t 6o#t. No#!))y t4" "<6o#t 6o#t %$ t4" %&&"# t4n t4" %n)"t 6o#t. DIRECTION OF ROTATION:
A$ t4" 6o#t o6"n%n& nd ,)o$%n& #" $y!!"t#%,) out t4" d"d ,"nt#" ny #%t##y d%#",t%on of #ott%on !y " $")",t"d. FORMULA:
R"8u%#"d n&)" 9
L
>'0?
:4"#"; L 9 D%$tn," of t4" *)*" o6"n%n& o# ,)o$%n& 6o$%t%on !#/"d on f)y4"") %t4 #"$6",t to t4"%# d"d ,"nt#". C 9 C%#,u!f"#"n," of t4" f)y4"") %ROCEDURE:
1. T4" f)y4"") %$ tu#n"d %n ny #%t##y d%#",t%on. 2. Du#%n& t4" don#d t#*"#$" 6o$%t%on 4"n %t @u$t un,o*"#$ 6o#t %t %$ !#/"d $ t4" o6"n%n& of t4" 6o#t on t4" f)y4""). '. T4" #ott%on %$ fu#t4"# ,ont%nu"d unt%) t4" 6%$ton ,o*"#$ t4" 6o#t du#%n& %t$ u6#d t#*").
-. A !#/ %$ !d" on t4" f)y4"") &%n$t t4" f%<"d !#/. T4%$ &%*"$ t4" ,)o$%n& of t4" 6o#t. 5. T4" $!" 6#o,"du#" %$ #"6"t"d fo# ot4"# 6o#t$ )$o. OBSERVATION:
E+e't
Di&ta'ce7L8 ()o t*ei) )e&,ecti+e -ea- ce't)e& i' c/
Val+e o,e'i'1 ,e)io- i' -e1)ee&
%o&itio' 0.t.to -ea-
E<4u$t 6o#t o6"n$ E<4u$t 6o#t ,)o$"$ T#n$f"# 6o#t o6"n$ T#n$f"# 6o#t ,)o$"$ RESULT:
T4u$ t4" 6o#t t%!" fo# t4" &%*"n to $t#o/" "n&%n" %$ found out nd t4" 6o#t t%!%n& d%&#! %$ d#n. Du#t%on of $u,t%on $t#o/"
9
Du#t%on of ,o!6#"$$%on $t#o/"
9
Du#t%on of "<6n$%on $t#o/"
9
Du#t%on of "<4u$t $t#o/"
9
S,*"n&%n& 6"#%od
9
T4" *)*" t%!%n& of t4" &%*"n fou# $t#o/" "n&%n" %$ found out nd t4" d%&#! %$ d#n. Du#t%on of $u,t%on $t#o/"
9
Du#t%on of ,o!6#"$$%on $t#o/"
9
Du#t%on of "<6n$%on $t#o/"
9
Du#t%on of "<4u$t $t#o/"
9
Du#t%on of *)*" o*"#)6
9
###################################################################################################################
Ex.No:9
Date:
%ERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST ON MULTI#CYLINDER %ETROL ENGINE
AIM: To f%nd t4" )od nd "!%$$%on ,4#,t"#%$t%,$ of t4" fou# $t#o/" fou# ,y)%nd"# 6"t#o) "n&%n".
A%%ARATUS RE$UIRED: En&%n" t"$t #%&; T,4o!"t"#; Sto6 t,4; nd "!%$$%on n)y"#
ENGINE DETAILS: B#/" Po"#
7
P
%n /:
Bo#" d%!"t"#
7
D
!!
St#o/"
7
L
!!
C)o#%f%, *)u"
7
C(
/H /&
7
f
A
!2
D"n$%ty of fu") O#%f%," A#"
7
&#!$ ,,
FORMULAE: 1. B#/" 6o"#7 BP 9 2NT 0? < 1??? /: :4"#"; N 9 Nu!"# of #"*o)ut%on$ of B#/" D#u! 6"# !%n T
9 Lod to#8u" %n N!
2. Tot) Fu") ,on$u!6t%on7 TFC 9 x tf < f < '0??1???
/& 4#
:4"#"; tf 9 T%!" t/"n to ,on$u!" x ,, of fu") %n $",ond$ f 9 D"n$%ty of fu") %n G#!$ 6"# ,, '. S6",%f%, fu") ,on$u!6t%on 6"# 4ou#7 SFC 9 TFC BP
/& /: 4#
-. B#/" t4"#!) "ff%,%"n,y 4
t4
9 BP < '0?? < 1?? TFC < C(
5. B#/" !"n "ff",t%*" 6#"$$u#"7 BMEP 9 BP < 0? 1?? < LAn/ #
:4"#"; n 9 ,y,)"$ 6"# !%nut" 9 N2 fo# fou# $t#o/" "n&%n"$ / 9 Nu!"# of ,y)%nd"#$ L 9 St#o/" )"n&t4; ! A 9 A#" 9 6 - D2
DESCRI%TION: T4" "n&%n" %$ fou# $t#o/"; fou# ,y)%nd"#; t"# ,oo)"d 6"t#o) "n&%n" ,onn",t"d %t4 4yd#u)%, dyn!o!"t"#. P"t#o) nd %# !%
%ROCEDURE: 1. En&%n" %$ $t#t"d y #ott%n& t4" ,#n/ y !"n$ of ,#n/ )"*"#. En&%n" %$ ))o"d to 6%,/ u6 $6""d nd ,oo)%n& t"# %$ $u66)%"d to t4" "n&%n". 2. Rt"d )od of t4" "n&%n" %$ ,),u)t"d. '. Lod %$ 66)%"d &#du))y %n $t"6$ t%)) 1? o*"# )od %$ #",4"d. -. Not" don t4" t%!" t/"n fo# 1?,, of fu") ,on$u!6t%on. 5. R"6"t t4" "<6"#%!"nt fo# d%ff"#"nt )od$. OBSERVATION:
S.no
1 2 ' 5
RESULT:
S6""d #6!
To#8u" N+!
T%!" t/"n fo# < ,, of fu") ,on$u!6t%on S",
E<4u$t CO G
C 2 G
NO< 66!
UBC 66!
S. no
B#/" Po"#/:
TFC /&4#
SFC /&/:4#
B#/" t4"#!) "ff%,%"n,y 4 t4 G
BMEP #
1 2 ' 5
GRA%6: %e)(o)a'ce c*a)acte)i&tic&: 1. 2. '. -. 5.
S6""d S6""d S6""d S6""d S6""d
*$. To#8u" *$. TFC *$. SFC *$. 4 t4 *$. BMEP
Ei&&io' c*a)acte)i&tic&: 1. S6""d *$. CO 2. S6""d *$. CO 2 '. S6""d *$. NO< -. S6""d *$. UBC T4u$ t4" )od t"$t on $%n&)" ,y)%nd"# fou#+$t#o/" *"#t%,) d%"$") "n&%n" %$ 6"#fo#!"d nd %t$ 6"#fo#!n," ,4#,t"#%$t%,$ #" 6)ott"d. INFERENCE: ###################################################################################################################
Ex.No:
Date:
6EAT B ALANCE TEST ON MULTI # CYLINDER %ETROL ENGINE
AIM: To 6#"6#" t4" 4"t )n," $4""t fo# fou# ,y)%nd"# fou# $t#o/"; 6"t#o) "n&%n".
A%%ARATUS RE$UIRED: T,4o!"t"#; Sto6 t,4; T4"#!o!"t"#; :t"# f)o !"t"#.
ENGINE DETAILS: B#/" Po"#
7
P
%n /:
Bo#"
7
D
!!
St#o/"
7
L
!!
C)o#%f%, *)u"
7
C(
/H /&
7
f
A
!2
D"n$%ty of fu") O#%f%," A#"
7
&#!$ ,,
FORMULAE: 1. Tot) Fu") ,on$u!6t%on7 TFC 9 x tf < f < '0??1???
/& 4#
:4"#"; tf 9 T%!" t/"n to ,on$u!" x ,, of fu") %n $",ond$ f 9 D"n$%ty of fu") %n G#!$ 6"# ,, 2. Tot) 4"t %n6ut7
. I
%
9Tf, < C( 0?
/H !%n
:4"#"; C( 9 C)o#%f%, *)u" of fu")
'. "t "8u%*)"nt of #/" out6ut7
. I
o
9 P < 0? /H!%n
:4"#"; P
9 B#/" 6o"# %n /%)o tt$ 9 2 6 NT 0????
/:
:4"#"; N
9 S6""d %n #6! 9 To#8u" %n N!
T
-. "t ,##%"d y ,oo)%n& t"#7
. I
,
.
mc w
9
.
mc w
:4"#";
DT –2 T E 1 /H C !%n
6
9 ,oo)%n& .t"# f)o. #t" %n /&C!%n 9 (t < < 0?
:4"#";
(
9 *o)u!" of ,oo)%n& t"# !"$u#"d %n )%t#"$
t
9 t%!" fo# *o)u!" of t"# !"$u#"d %n $",ond$
C 6
9 S6",%f%, 4"t ,6,%ty of t"# %n /H/& J
9 D"n$%ty of t"#
9 1 /&)%t#"
T1 K T2 9 t"!6"#tu#" of ,oo)%n& t"# t %n)"t nd out)"t 5. "t ,##%"d y "<4u$t &$ /H!%n
. I :4"#";
E<
.
9
m
g
R
< C 6& TE< – TR /H !%n T"!6"#tu#" of %# %n)"t
– T"!6"#tu#" of E<4u$t &$ C 6& – S6",%f%, 4"t of E<4u$t &$ %n /H/& J E
.
. m 9 M$$ of "<4u$t &$9 m
TFC 0?
.
m
9 !$$ f)o #t" of %# 9 Cd < A 2& 4 ?.5
#
< 0?
/& !%n
:4"#"; Cd
+ Co"ff%,%"nt of d%$,4#&" of o#%f%,"
A
+ O#%f%," #" %n !2
&
+ A,,")"#t%on du" to &#*%ty %n ! $", 2
/& !%n
4!
4
+ 4"d d%ff"#"n," %n ! of %# 9
4!
+ !no!"t#%, d%ff"#"n," %n ,"nt%!"t"#$ of !no!"t#%, f)u%d
# !
+ D"n$%ty of !no!"t#%, f)u%d %n /& !'
#
+D"n$%ty of %# %n /& !'
1??
< #
!
#
0. Un,,ount"d 4"t )o$$7
. I
Un
. . 9 I – I %
o
. I
,
. I
E<
3. A%# fu") #t%o7 9
.
m
TFC0?
:4"#";
. ma
+ M$$ of %# 6"# !%n
DESCRI%TION: T4" "n&%n" %$ fou# $t#o/" Fou# ,y)%nd"# %n+)%n" 6"t#o) "n&%n" ,onn",t"d %t4 yd#u)%, dyn!o!"t"# . T4" t"# f)o !"t"# %$ ,onn",t"d to !"$u#" t4" !$$ f)o #t" of t"#. Fu") ,on$u!6t%on ,n " !"$u#"d y u#"tt" ,onn",t"d %n t4#"" y ,o,/ f#o! fu") tn/. T4" "<4u$t &$ t"!6"#tu#" nd t4" ,oo)%n& t"# %n)"t nd out)"t t"!6"#tu#"$ ,n " !"$u#"d y t4" t4"#!o,ou6)" 6#o*%d"d. An o#%f%," !"t"# %$ 6#o*%d"d %n t4" %# %n)"t tn/ to !"$u#" t4" f)o #t" of %# to t4" "n&%n".
%ROCEDURE:
1.
C4",/ t4" ,oo)%n& t"# $u66)y nd fu") )%n" fo# %# )o,/.
2.
R")"$" t4" "nt%#" )od on t4" "n&%n"; St#t t4" "n&%n"
'.
T/" t4" !"$u#"!"nt$ t *#%ou$ )od$ nd ,),u)t" t4" *#%ou$ 8unt%t%"$.
-.
D# t4" 6%"+,4#t t ny to )od$.
OBSERVATION: T"!6"#tu#" of %# %n)"t 9 TR Mno!"t"# D%ff"#"n," C!
$. no
4!
T%!" fo# x ,, of fu") ,on$u!6t%on tf $",
T%!" fo# E<4u$t ( )%t#"$ of &$ t"# t"!6 t $", TE
941+42
Coo)%n& t"# to "n&%n" In)"t
Out)"t
T1
T2
1 2
RESULT: S.
B#/"
no
Po"# fu") /:
A%# +
#t%o
P
"t %n6ut
. I
%
/H!%n
G
"t "8u%*)"nt "t
,##%"d
of #/" out6ut y
,oo)%n& y
. I
t"# o
/H!%n
G
. I
,
/H!%n
"t
,##%"d Un+ E<4u$t
&$
G
. I
,,ount"d )o$$"$
E<
/H!%n
G
. I
Un
/H!%n
1 2 T4u$ t4" 4"t )n," $4""t fo# t4" fou# $t#o/" $%n&)" ,y)%nd"# *"#t%,) d%"$") "n&%n" %$ d#n nd d%$t#%ut%on of 4"t ,n " $""n f#o! 6%" ,4#t. INFERENCE: ###################################################################################################################
G
Ex.No:;
Date: MORSE TEST ON MULTI#CYLINDER SI ENGINE
AIM: To 6"#fo#! t4" Mo#$" t"$t on t4" &%*"n !u)t% ,y)%nd"# 6"t#o) "n&%n" nd to f%nd t4" !",4n%,) "ff%,%"n,y t &%*"n )od.
A%%ARATUS RE$UIRED: Mo#$" t"$t 66#tu$.
ENGINE DETAILS: M/"
7
Po"#
7
S6""d
7
Bo#"
7
St#o/"
7
Nu!"# of ,y)%nd"#$
7
ISUU
-
FORMULAE: 1. B#/" 6o"#7 BPn 9 2 6 NTn 0???? :4"#"; N Tn
/:
9 S6""d %n #6! 9 To#8u" %n N!
B#/" Po"# 4"n; I $t ,y)%nd"# ,ut off7 BP n+1 9 2 6 NT n+1 0???? /: nd
II ,y)%nd"# ,ut off7 BPn+2 9 2 6 NT n+2 0???? #d
III ,y)%nd"# ,ut off7
/:
BP n+' 9 2 6 NT n+' 0????
/:
t4
I( ,y)%nd"# ,ut off7 BP + 9 2 6 NT n+- 0???? /: Ind%,t"d 6o"# of
I $t ,y)%nd"# IP1 9
BP –
n 1
+
BP –
n 2
BP –
n '
BP –
n -
IInd ,y)%nd"# IP2 9
+
III#d ,y)%nd"# IP' 9
+
I(t4 ,y)%nd"# IP- 9
+
Tot) %nd%,t"d Po"# IP 9 IP1 IP 2 IP ' IP Tot) f#%,t%on) 6o"# F.P7 FP 9 IP – BPn M",4n%,) "ff%,%"n,y 4 4
M",
!",
7
9 BP IP < 1??
A%# fu") #t%o7 9
:4"#";
.
m
. ma
TFC0?
9 !$$ f)o. #t" of %#
9 Cd < A 2& 4 ?.5 :4"#";
#
< 0?
/& !%n
Cd
+ Co"ff%,%"nt of d%$,4#&" of o#%f%,"
A
+ O#%f%," #" %n !2
&
+ A,,")"#t%on du" to &#*%ty %n ! $",2
4!
4
+ 4"d d%ff"#"n," %n ! of %# 9
4!
+ !no!"t"# d%ff"#"n," %n ,"nt%!"t"#$ of !no!"t"# f)u%d
# !
+ D"n$%ty of !no!"t"# f)u%d %n /& !'
#
+D"n$%ty of %# %n /& !'
1??
< #
!
#
DESCRI%TION T4" fou# $t#o/" fou# ,y)%nd"# %n+)%n" 6"t#o) "n&%n" ,onn",t"d %t4 4yd#u)%, dyn!o!"t"# %# nd fu") !%
%ROCEDURE: 1. St#t t4" "n&%n" u$%n& t4" $t#t"#. 2. Ad@u$t t4" $6""d nd )od to t4" &%*"n *)u". '. Not" don t4" t%!" fo# 1? ,, of fu") ,on$u!6t%on nd %n)"t !no!"t"# d"6#"$$%on. -. Cut+off t4" ,y)%nd"#$ on" y on" %n+tu#n; nd #"du," t4" )od to &"t t4" $!" $6""d. Not" don t4" )od *)u". 5. C),u)t" t4" AF #t%o; Ind%,t"d t4"#!) "ff%,%"n,y nd M",4n%,) "ff%,%"n,y. OBSERVATION:
Mno!"t"# D%ff"#"n," 9 S.no
Cy)%nd"#
1 2 ' 5
A)) f%#%n& 1$t Cut off 2nd Cut off '#d Cut off -t4 Cut off
,! S6""d #6! 25?? 25?? 25?? 25?? 25??
To#8u" N!
RESULT: T4" Mo#$" t"$t on &%*"n fou# $t#o/" fou# ,y)%nd"# 6"t#o) "n&%n" %$ 6"#fo#!"d nd t4" M",4n%,) "ff%,%"n,y %$ found to " .. G Ind%,t"d 6o"# %$ found to "
/:
################################################################################################################### ###################################################################################################################
Cycle II
Ex.No:1
Date:
%ERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST ON MULTI#CYLINDER DIESEL E NGINE
AIM: To f%nd t4" )od nd "!%$$%on ,4#,t"#%$t%,$ of t4" fou# $t#o/" fou#+,y)%nd"# CI "n&%n".
A%%ARATUS RE$UIRED: En&%n" t"$t #%&; T,4o!"t"#; Sto6 t,4; nd "!%$$%on n)y"#
ENGINE DETAILS: B#/" Po"#
7
P
%n /:
Bo#" d%!"t"#
7
D
!!
St#o/"
7
L
!!
C)o#%f%, *)u"
7
C(
/H /&
7
f
A
!2
D"n$%ty of fu") 7
O#%f%," A#"
&#!$ ,,
FORMULAE: 1. B#/" 6o"#7 BP 9 2NT 0? < 1??? /: :4"#"; 9 Nu!"# of #"*o)ut%on$ of B#/" D#u! 6"# !%n N T
9 Lod to#8u" %n N!
2. Tot) Fu") ,on$u!6t%on7 TFC 9 x tf < f < '0??1???
/& 4#
:4"#"; tf 9 T%!" t/"n to ,on$u!" x ,, of fu") %n $",ond$ f 9 D"n$%ty of fu") %n G#!$ 6"# ,, '. S6",%f%, fu") ,on$u!6t%on 6"# 4ou#7 SFC 9 TFC BP
/& /: 4#
-. B#/" t4"#!) "ff%,%"n,y7 4
t4
9 BP < '0?? < 1?? TFC < C(
5. B#/" !"n "ff",t%*" 6#"$$u#"7 BMEP 9 BP < 0? 1?? < LAn/ # :4"#"; n 9 ,y,)"$ 6"# !%nut" 9 N2 fo# fou# $t#o/" "n&%n"$ / 9 Nu!"# of ,y)%nd"#$ L 9 St#o/" )"n&t4; ! A 9 A#" 9 6 - D2
DESCRI%TION: T4" "n&%n" %$ fou#+$t#o/"; fou#+,y)%nd"#; t"# ,oo)"d d%"$") "n&%n" ,onn",t"d %t4 "ddy ,u##"nt dyn!o!"t"#. P"#fo#!n," t"$t %$ don" to f%nd t4" fu") ,on$u!6t%on nd t4"#!) "ff%,%"n,y t *#%ou$ )od%n& ,ond%t%on$. En&%n" "!%$$%on$ #" !"$u#"d %t4 f%*" &$ n)y"# 4%,4 &%*"$ t4" *o)u!" of CO; CO2 O2 ; nd t4" 66! of NO< nd UBC.
%ROCEDURE: 1. En&%n" %$ $t#t"d y #ott%n& t4" ,#n/ y !"n$ of ,#n/ )"*"#. En&%n" %$ ))o"d to 6%,/ u6 $6""d nd ,oo)%n& t"# %$ $u66)%"d to t4" "n&%n". 2. Rt"d )od of t4" "n&%n" %$ ,),u)t"d. '. Lod %$ 66)%"d &#du))y %n $t"6$ t%)) 1? o*"# )od %$ #",4"d. -. Not" don t4" t%!" t/"n fo# 1?,, of fu") ,on$u!6t%on. 5. Not" t4" "!%$$%on #"d%n&$; f#o! f%*" &$ n)y"# fo# CO; CO2; NO< nd UBC. 0. R"6"t t4" "<6"#%!"nt fo# d%ff"#"nt )od$ nd $6""d$. OBSERVATION:
S.no
1 2 ' 5
S6""d #6!
To#8u" N+!
T%!" t/"n fo# < ,, of fu") ,on$u!6t%on S",
E<4u$t CO G
C 2 G
NO< 66!
UBC 66!
RESULT: S. no
B#/" Po"#/:
TFC /&4#
SFC /&/:4#
B#/" t4"#!) "ff%,%"n,y 4 t4 G
BMEP #
1 2 ' 5
GRA%6: %e)(o)a'ce c*a)acte)i&tic&: 0. S6""d *$. To#8u" 3. S6""d *$. TFC =. S6""d *$. SFC Q. S6""d *$. 4 t4 1?. S6""d *$. BMEP
Ei&&io' c*a)acte)i&tic&: 5. S6""d *$. CO 0. S6""d *$. CO 2 3. S6""d *$. NO< =. S6""d *$. UBC T4u$ t4" )od t"$t on $%n&)" ,y)%nd"# fou#+$t#o/" *"#t%,) d%"$") "n&%n" %$ 6"#fo#!"d nd %t$ 6"#fo#!n," ,4#,t"#%$t%,$ #" 6)ott"d. INFERENCE: ###################################################################################################################
Ex.No:!
Date:
6EAT B ALANCE TEST ON MULTI # CYLINDER %ETROL ENGINE
AIM: To 6#"6#" t4" 4"t )n," $4""t fo# fou# ,y)%nd"# fou# $t#o/"; 6"t#o) "n&%n".
A%%ARATUS RE$UIRED: T,4o!"t"#; Sto6 t,4; T4"#!o!"t"#; :t"# f)o !"t"#.
ENGINE DETAILS: B#/" Po"#
7
P
%n /:
Bo#"
7
D
!!
St#o/"
7
L
!!
C)o#%f%, *)u"
7
C(
/H /&
7
f
A
!2
D"n$%ty of fu") O#%f%," A#"
7
&#!$ ,,
FORMULAE: 1. Tot) Fu") ,on$u!6t%on7 TFC 9 x tf < f < '0??1???
/& 4#
:4"#"; tf 9 T%!" t/"n to ,on$u!" x ,, of fu") %n $",ond$ f 9 D"n$%ty of fu") %n G#!$ 6"# ,, 2. Tot) 4"t %n6ut7
. I
%
9Tf, < C( 0?
/H !%n
:4"#"; C( 9 C)o#%f%, *)u" of fu") '. "t "8u%*)"nt of #/" out6ut7
. I
o
9 P < 0? /H!%n
:4"#";
P
9 B#/" 6o"# %n /%)o tt$ 9 2 6 NT 0????
:4"#"; N
/:
9 S6""d %n #6! 9 To#8u" %n N!
T
-. "t ,##%"d y ,oo)%n& t"#7
. I
.
mc w
, 9
.
mcw
:4"#";
DT –2 T E 1 /H C !%n
6
9 ,oo)%n& .t"# f)o. #t" %n /&C!%n 9 (t < < 0?
:4"#";
(
9 *o)u!" of ,oo)%n& t"# !"$u#"d %n )%t#"$
t
9 t%!" fo# *o)u!" of t"# !"$u#"d %n $",ond$
C 6
9 S6",%f%, 4"t ,6,%ty of t"# %n /H/& J
9 D"n$%ty of t"#
9 1 /&)%t#"
T1 K T2 9 t"!6"#tu#" of ,oo)%n& t"# t %n)"t nd out)"t 5. "t ,##%"d y "<4u$t &$ /H!%n
. I :4"#";
E<
.
9
m
g
R
< C 6& TE< – TR /H !%n T"!6"#tu#" of %# %n)"t
– T"!6"#tu#" of E<4u$t &$ C 6& – S6",%f%, 4"t of E<4u$t &$ %n /H/& J E
.
. m 9 M$$ of "<4u$t &$9 m
TFC 0?
.
m
9 !$$ f)o #t" of %# 9 Cd < A 2& 4 ?.5
#
< 0?
/& !%n
:4"#"; Cd
+ Co"ff%,%"nt of d%$,4#&" of o#%f%,"
/& !%n
A
+ O#%f%," #" %n !2
&
+ A,,")"#t%on du" to &#*%ty %n ! $", 2
4
+ 4"d d%ff"#"n," %n ! of %# 9
4!
+ !no!"t#%, d%ff"#"n," %n ,"nt%!"t"#$ of !no!"t#%, f)u%d
# !
+ D"n$%ty of !no!"t#%, f)u%d %n /& !'
#
+D"n$%ty of %# %n /& !'
4! 1??
< #
!
#
0. Un,,ount"d 4"t )o$$7
. I
Un
. . 9 I – I %
o
. I
,
. I
E<
3. A%# fu") #t%o7 9
.
m
TFC0?
:4"#";
. ma
+ M$$ of %# 6"# !%n
DESCRI%TION: T4" "n&%n" %$ fou# $t#o/" Fou# ,y)%nd"# %n+)%n" 6"t#o) "n&%n" ,onn",t"d %t4 yd#u)%, dyn!o!"t"# . T4" t"# f)o !"t"# %$ ,onn",t"d to !"$u#" t4" !$$ f)o #t" of t"#. Fu") ,on$u!6t%on ,n " !"$u#"d y u#"tt" ,onn",t"d %n t4#"" y ,o,/ f#o! fu") tn/. T4" "<4u$t &$ t"!6"#tu#" nd t4" ,oo)%n& t"# %n)"t nd out)"t t"!6"#tu#"$ ,n " !"$u#"d y t4" t4"#!o,ou6)" 6#o*%d"d. An o#%f%," !"t"# %$ 6#o*%d"d %n t4" %# %n)"t tn/ to !"$u#" t4" f)o #t" of %# to t4" "n&%n".
%ROCEDURE: 1.
C4",/ t4" ,oo)%n& t"# $u66)y nd fu") )%n" fo# %# )o,/.
2.
R")"$" t4" "nt%#" )od on t4" "n&%n"; St#t t4" "n&%n"
'.
T/" t4" !"$u#"!"nt$ t *#%ou$ )od$ nd ,),u)t" t4" *#%ou$ 8unt%t%"$.
-.
D# t4" 6%"+,4#t t ny to )od$.
OBSERVATION: T"!6"#tu#" of %# %n)"t 9 TR Mno!"t"# D%ff"#"n," ,!
$. no
4!
T%!" fo# x ,, of fu") ,on$u!6t%on tf $",
T%!" fo# E<4u$t ( )%t#"$ of &$ t"# t"!6 t $", TE
941+42
Coo)%n& t"# to "n&%n" In)"t
Out)"t
T1
T2
1 2
RESULT: S.
B#/"
no
Po"# fu") /:
A%# +
#t%o
P
"t %n6ut
. I
%
/H!%n
G
"t "8u%*)"nt "t
,##%"d
of #/" out6ut y
,oo)%n& y
. I
t"# o
/H!%n
G
. I
,
/H!%n
"t
,##%"d Un+ E<4u$t
&$
G
. I
,,ount"d )o$$"$
E<
/H!%n
G
. I
Un
/H!%n
1 2 T4u$ t4" 4"t )n," $4""t fo# t4" fou# $t#o/" $%n&)" ,y)%nd"# *"#t%,) d%"$") "n&%n" %$ d#n nd d%$t#%ut%on of 4"t ,n " $""n f#o! 6%" ,4#t. INFERENCE: ###################################################################################################################
G
Ex.No:"
Date:
%ERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST ON T3O 36EELER %ETRO L ENGINE
<<<<<<<<<0ill =e i+e' at t*e ->)i' t*e la= co>)&e<<<<<<<<<<<.. ###################################################################################################################
Ex.No:2
Date: RETARDATION TEST ON SINGLE CYLINDER CI ENGINE
AIM:
To 6"#fo#! #"t#dt%on t"$t on t4" &%*"n $%n&)" ,y)%nd"# CI "n&%n" A%%ARATUS RE$UIRED:
1.
S%n&)" ,y)%nd"# CI "n&%n" ,ou6)"d %t4 dyn!o!"t"#
2.
T,4o!"t"#
'.
Sto6 t,4
%ROCEDURE:
1.
En&%n" %$ $t#t"d nd ))o"d to #un t #t"d #6! %n no )od%n& ,ond%t%on$.
2.
Fu") $u66)y %$ ,ut off.
'.
T%!" t/"n fo# t4" $6""d to d",#"$" to *#%ou$ *)u"$ %$ not"d don.
-.
A&%n fu") $u66)y %$ &%*"n nd "n&%n" %$ #ou&4t ,/ to #t"d $6""d.
5.
T4" "n&%n" )od %$ d@u$t"d u$%n& dyn!o!"t"# to $o!" /non *)u"
0.
Fu") $u66)y %$ ,ut+off nd t%!" t/"n fo# t4" $6""d to d",#"$" to *#%ou$ *)u"$ %$ not"d don $ %n t4" no )od ,ond%t%on
3.
Cu#*"$ #" 6)ott"d S6""d nd T%!" on no )od $ ")) $ )od ,ond%t%on
CALCULATION OF FRICTION %O3ER:
At no )od ,ond%t%on; t4" to#8u" %$ on)y du" to f#%,t%on Tf
Nt 1
1
At )od ,ond%t%on; t4" to#8u" %$ t4" $u! of to#8u" du" to )od nd f#%,t%on to#8u"
TL Tf
Nt 2
....2
:4"#"; Tf
+ F#%,t%on to#8u"
TL
+ Lod to#8u"
t1 K t2 #" t%!"$ fo# d",#"$" %n S6""d of N f#o! t4" S6""d ($ T%!" ,u#*"$ on no )od nd on )od #"$6",t%*")y.
F#o! "8ut%on 1 K 2;
So)*%n&;
T4"#"fo#"
T L T f 9
T f
t 1
t 2
X t 2 Y U T f 9 T L T t + t 2 1 V W
F#%,t%on) Po"#
FP 9
U
2 p N f 0?
RESULT
T4u$ t4" #"t#dt%on t"$t %$ ,ondu,t"d; t4" #"$u)t$ #" 6)ott"d nd t4" f#%,t%on) 6o"# of t4" "n&%n" %$ found. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Ex.No:9
Date: %#? AND %#V DIAGRAM ON S INGLE CYLINDER CI ENGINE
