Groundwater model is regarded as the best tool to conceptualise the hydro geological situation in the groundwater basin and to predict the potential environment and socioeconomic impacts of…Full description
DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMFull description
DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
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The mineral industries and Mining activities, in general, cause extensive environmental damage. Dealing with them is in many cases technically possible, but the cost is often prohibitive in an indu...
The mineral industries and Mining activities, in general, cause extensive environmental damage. Dealing with them is in many cases technically possible, but the cost is often prohibitive in an indu...Full description
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The arsenic poisoning due to contaminated groundwater in West Bengal, India, and all of Bangladesh has been thought to be limited to the Ganges Delta despite early survey reports of arsenic contamination in groundwater in the Union Territory of Chand
Environmental Engineering Laboratory Manual for Water and Waste Water Analysis.Prepared by Mr. Santosh Kumar Kharole for bachelor of Civil Engineering Students of University Institute of Technology...
Kolhapur city is one of the major cities in Maharashtra and well source of water bodies available in the western region of Maharashtra. But still facing the water scarcity in summer days due to the polluted water is unfit to use. Kolhapur district an
causes of environmental pollutionFull description
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OrthographeDescription complète
OrthographeDescription complète
PRESENTATION
1
WHAT IS GROUND WATER?
Water laying under the surface of the ground and contained within the space between rocks is known as ground water. Ground waters erosive action on permeable rocks results in the formation of underground streams, rivers, and caves.
GROUND W ATER 2
GROUND WATER USAGE IN INDIA y
y
Out of 275 billion cubic meters of available ground
water resource, the annual annual elaborate is only 135 billion cubic meters. 75% of ground water is used in irrigation use of urban and rural areas.
3
EFFECTS TO USING GROUND WATER y
y
y
y
y
O ver exploitation and excessive pumping either locally pr
large areas to meet increasing water demands. Non-availability of other water sources, therefore sole dependence is on ground water. Unreliability of municipal water supplies in terms of quantity and timings, driving people to find their sources. Discuss of ancient means of water consersition like village ponds, percolation tanks and therefore higher pressure on water development. R ising sea levels may lead to increased saline intrusion of coastal and island aquifers. 4
EFFECTS TO USING GROUND WATER y
y
y
y
y
Increased rainfall intensity may lead to more runoff
and less recharge. Changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration will influence recharge. Changes in neutral vegetation and crops will inf luence recharge. Increased flood events may affect groundwater quality in alluvial aquifers. Changes in soil orgenic carbon may effect the infiltration properties above aquifers. 5
DISADVANTAGES y
y
y
A n uncontrolled use of bore well technology has to lead the
extraction of ground water at such high rate that often recharge is not sufficient. The causes of low water availability in many regions are also directly linked to the reducing forest cover and soildegredation. The solid, liquid and gaseous waste that is generated, if not treated properly, result in pollution of the environment ; this affects ground water too due to the hydraulic connectivity in the hydrological cycle. Quality of ground water is concerned many states in the country have been identified as endemic to f lourisis due to abundence in naturally occurring fluoride bearing minerals. 6
DISADVANTAGE y
y
Similarly high levels of
arsenic in ground water have been reported in the shallow aquifers in some districts of west bengal, which are harmful to human health. Certain places in haryana, gujarat and andhra pradesh were also found to have dengerously high levels of mercury.
A QUIFRE C/S 7
HOW TO SAVE GROUND WATER? y y
Natural and induced recharge of the aquifier A rtificial recharge by following methods: Surface recharge Water
in draught prone regions will have a significant impact on wildlife and forest cover. Temple tanks need to be renovated and urban wetlands protected. A ll this will contribute to rise in ground water level and reduction in salt water ingress.
TANK IN FRONT OF TAMPLE 9
PURPOSE OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE Steps for saving water to ground: 1.
2.
3.
4.
To maintain or augment natural ground water as an economic
resource. To combat adverse conditions such as progressive lowering of ground water levels, unfavorable salt balance and costal (saline) water intrusion. To store underground the surface water imported from other basins. To provide treatment and storage for reclaimed waste water for possible reuse. There is a recharge well in next slide: 10
RECHARGE WELL
11
CONCLUSION Ground water is ideal means of storage of surface water which can obviate space-time unevenness with efficient artificial recharge methods and highly improved pumping techniques. R echarging wells are increasingly being used for liquid waste disposal for recycling and its subsequent reuse. This is boon with prospect of water scarcity confronting us increasingly. In short ground water storage augmented by artificial recharge and served with efficient PUMPS in a solution to water conservation and water recycling which will be in increasing demand in water deficient 21st century. 12
