Cohesive devices Firstly, secondly, first, second, finally, lastly, for one thing, to begin with, next Also, similarly, furthermore, likewise, moreover
Function To show the logical order of ideas or time sequence
Besides that, other than that, apart from that, on top of that, in addition This is because, this is due to the fact that
To add ideas and to link the new ideas to the previous ideas To provide a reason to illustrate an ideas provided earlier
In sum, in short, in conclusion, to conclude, all in all, overall, to summarize
To summarize ideas either at the end of sections or to explicitly state that the essay is concluding To reinforce the previous idea by expressing it in a slightly different way to make it more explicit To provide an example in order to illustrate an idea
Which is to say, in other wars, this is
For example, for instance, such as, namely, specifically
To link ideas together
Example Firstly, the Internet plays an important role in the world of communication. ….the Internet also saves time as messages can be delivered in a matter of seconds. Besides that, the Internet also save time as messages can be delivered in a matter of seconds. This is because the Internet offers easy and inexpensive ways to communicate such as emails, messenger, chatting, teleconferencing and blogger. In conclusion, it is undeniable that Internet brings us many advantages. In other wards, the Internet helps to promote students’ learning. …. the Internet offers easy and inexpensive ways to communicate such as e-mails, messenger, chatting, teleconferencing and blogger. Therefore, I strongly disagree with the writer’s opinions which were published in your editorial column.
Consequently, thus, as a result, hence, so, therefore
To demonstrate that the following idea is a result of the previous idea
On the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, alternatively, conversely, by comparison, instead, instead of
To signal differences or alternatives between two ideas
Instead, we should make full use of the Internet to benefit mankind.
Though, however, nevertheless, in spite of that
To state an opposing idea
Not only… but also
To put ideas together and to show that they are on an equal level
However, I do agree up to a certain point with the writer that the Internet has the potential to distract students from their studies. Information from various fields such as business, education, science and entertainment from all over the world is not only
easily obtainable but most of it is also free of charge.
Body Paragraphs Body paragraphs: Moving from general to specific information Your paper should be organized in a manner that moves from general to specific information. Every time you begin a new subject, think of an inverted pyramid - The broadest range of information sits at the top, and as the paragraph or paper progresses, the author becomes more and more focused on the argument ending with specific, detailed evidence supporting a claim. Lastly, the author explains how and why the information she has just provided connects to and supports her thesis (a brief wrap up or warrant).
Image Caption: Moving from General to Specific Information
The four elements of a good paragraph (TTEB) A good paragraph should contain at least the following four elements: Transition, Topic sentence, specific Evidence and analysis, and a Brief wrap-up sentence (also known as a warrant) –TTEB! 1. A Transition sentence leading in from a previous paragraph to assure smooth reading. This acts as a hand off from one idea to the next. 2. A Topic sentence that tells the reader what you will be discussing in the paragraph.
3. Specific Evidence and analysis that supports one of your claims and that provides a deeper level of detail than your topic sentence. 4. A Brief wrap-up sentence that tells the reader how and why this information supports the paper’s thesis. The brief wrap-up is also known as the warrant. The warrant is important to your argument because it connects your reasoning and support to your thesis, and it shows that the information in the paragraph is related to your thesis and helps defend it. Supporting evidence (induction and deduction)
