Lab partner: Solubility Behavior of Organic Compounds
I. Objective To be able to determine the structures of substances by means of studying the solubility behavior of these substances. II. Schematic Diagram of the Procedure Place 5 drops of the solvent in the micro test tube. Add 1-2 drops or a small pinch of the test compound and mix vigorously. Record the solubility as (+) for soluble and (-) for insoluble. Test each compound following the flowchart in figure 1.
Test the solubility of each compound in water and record the solubility. Test the solubility of water-soluble compounds compounds using ether. On the other hand, use 5% NaOH for the water-insoluble substances. The compounds are soluble even if they don’t dissolve completely, as long as it is more soluble in the solvent than in water.
Test the solubility of compounds soluble in 5% NaOH using 5% NaHCO 3. Use 5% HCl for compounds that are insoluble in 5% NaOH.
Test the solubility of compounds with no nitrogen or sulfur and are insoluble in 5% HCl using concentrated H 2SO4. Observe any manifestations of a reaction.
Figure 1 III. Table of Reagents/Products Rgt/Pdt Acetone
Colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor Pleasant almondlike odor
Benzoic acid
Benzamide
Colorless crystalline solid
Causes irritation to skin eyes and respiratory tract; flammable Causes irritation to skin eyes and respiratory tract; flammable Irritating
Off-white solid Ethyl alcohol
Hexane
Volatile, flammable , colorless liquid
Harmful if swallowed; has carcinogenic effects Flammable
Phenol tert -Butyl
Colorless liquids at room temperature; boiling points between 50 and 70 °C; gasoline-like odor
Flammable, poisonous
chloride White crystalline so lid Toxic, corrosive
Toluene
Colorless, liquid organic compound at room temperature
Flammable
Sucrose Clear, waterinsoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners
Flammable, irritating to skin
Combustible
White, odorless, crystalline powder with a sweet taste
IV. Set-ups V. Waste disposal -Aqueous solutions should be diluted and poured into the sink. -Remaining compounds must be disposed into the proper organic waste container. VI. Data sheet
