EXPERIMENT 2 : QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSITION TRANSITIO N META ME TAL L IONS Ag+, Cu2+, Zn2+ NAME: NURUL FA FATIN BINTI RAZAK STUDENT ID: 20!"#$%$% CLASS: AS2!&2D COURSE: C'M !$ INOR(ANIC C'EMISTRY LECTURER)S NAME: DR* AMALINA MO'D TAUDDIN
INTRODUCTION: Transition metal also is an metal cation which is inorganic compound but there can have more than one oxidation number. In this experiment transition metal is con!irmed b" addition process and !ormed coloured precipitate #ust li$e metal cation. The presence o! transition metal in mixture solution is con!irmed through speci!ic procedure. %g&' Cu&' and (n&' are three transition element that will be identi!ied in this experiment. Centri!uge is used to separate the two immisible solution so that precipitate and supernatant can be decanted.
O)*+CTI,+: The ob#ective o! this experiment is to per!orm the -ualitative anal"sis to identi!" the transition metal ions in the solution.
%%R%TU/ %ND +0UI1+NT Test tubes red and blue litmus paper dropper measuring c"linder centri!uge stirrer test tube rac$ water bath.
METHOD: Procedure A: 1. 2 drops of 6 M HCl is added to 1 mL of the miture. 2. Precipitate is formed! the suspe"sio" is ce"trifu#ed for o"e mi"ute. $. 1 additio"al drop of 6 M HCl is added to the clear super"ata"t to chec% for complete precipitatio". &. Precipitate is o'ser(ed i" the super"ata"t) the suspe"sio" is ce"trifu#e a#ai" for 1 mi"ute. *. The super"ata"t is deca"ted i" a clea" test tu'e a"d sa(ed for procedure +. Co",rmatio" Test of A#-: 1. The precipitate is ashed ith 1/ drops of 6 M 0H$ a"d stirred u"til dissol(ed. 2. 6 M H0O$ is added drop ise u"til hite precipitate is formed. Procedure +: 1. 6 M 0H$ is added drop ise to the solutio" from A u"til 'asic. 2. The sample is put i" a 'oili"# ater 'ath for 23$ mi"utes to remo(e 0H$. $. The (olume of the solutio" is ad4usted to 2 mL ith distilled ater a"d 1/ drops of 6 M HCl is added. &. 12 drops of thioacetamide is added to the solutio" a"d stirred. *. The sample is heated i" 'oili"# ater 'ath for 1/ mi"utes to allo the h5drol5sis of thioacetamide produci"# H2. 6. Precipitate of sul,de is formed) the suspe"sio" is ce"trifu#e for 2 mi"utes) a"d the super"ata"t is deca"ted to a clea" test tu'e. The super"ata"t is sa(ed for procedure C. Co",rmatio" Test of Cu2-: 1. The precipitate is ashed a"d the super"ata"t is discarded. 2. 2/ drops of 6 M H0O$ is added a"d stirred for se(eral mi"ute. $. The suspe"sio" is ce"trifu#e) precipitate formed is discarded. 6 M 0H$ is added drop ise to the super"ata"t u"til 'asic. &. 6m H0O$ is added drop ise u"til acidic a"d 1/ drops of /.1 M 7 &8e9C06 is added. The solutio" is stirred.
Procedure C: 1. 2 drops of 1M thioacetamide is added to the solutio" from +. The solutio" is heated for * mi"utes to test for complete precipitatio". 2. Precipitate is formed) the super"ata"t is ce"trifu#e a"d deca"ted i"to a clea" test tu'e a"d the precipitate is discarded. $. The (olume is ad4usted to $ mL ith distilled ater a"d 1/ drops of 6 M HCl a"d 1/ drops of 6 M 0H$ is added for 'u;er. &. 6 M 0H$ is added drop ise u"til the solutio" is 'asic. *. * additio"al drops of 6 M 0H$ a"d 12 drops of thioacetamide are added a"d stirred the miture thorou#hl5. 6. The sample is heated i" 'oili"# ater 'ath for 1/ mi"utes. <. Precipitate of sul,de is formed) ce"trifu#e a"d the super"ata"t is deca"ted. =. The precipitate is ashed ith 1 drop of 6 M 0H$. Precipitate formed) ce"trifu#e a"d the super"ata"t is discarded. Co",rmatio" Test of >"2-: 1. 2/ drops of 6 M H0O$ is added a"d 'oiled i" 'oili"# ater 'ath for se(eral mi"ute ith stirri"#. 2. The miture is ce"trifu#e) the super"ata"t is deca"ted i"to a clea" test tu'e hile the precipitate is discarded. $. 6 M 0H$ is added drop ise to the super"ata"t u"til 'asic. &. 6 M CH$COOH is added drop ise to the super"ata"t u"til acidic. *. 1/ drops of /.1 M 7 &8e9C06 is added. The solutio" is stirred. Ce"trifu#e the precipitate a"d super"ata"t.
?E@LT A0D A0ALB: %. On adding 2Cl to the initial sample
Observation
)alanced chemical e-uation
3nown
4hite precipitate !ormed
%g' ' 2Cl 5 %gCl 6s7' 2Cl
Un$nown
No precipitate !ormed
8
Confirmatory test for Ag + cation Observation
)alanced chemical e-uation
3nown
4hite precipitate !ormed
%g' ' 2Cl 5 %gCl 6s7' 2Cl
Un$nown
9
9
). On adding 2&/ under %cidic Condition Observation
)alanced chemical e-uation
3nown
9/olution turned blue9
9
Un$nown
No precipitate !ormed
9
Confirmatory test for Cu 2+ cation Observation 3nown
No precipitate !ormed
Un$nown
No precipitate !ormed
)alanced chemical e-uation 9 (n&' ' 2&/ 5 (n/ ' 2 &
C. On adding 2 &/ under basic conditions Observation
)alanced chemical e-uation
3nown
No precipitate !ormed
Un$nown
4hite precipitate !ormed
9 (n&' ' 2&/ 5 (n/ ' 2 &
Confirmatory test for Zn 2+ cation Observation 3nown
No precipitate !ormed
Un$nown
4hite precipitate !ormed
)alanced chemical e-uation 9 (n&' ' 2&/ 5 (n/ ' 2 &
The Un$nown contains %g ' (n&' .
DBC@BO0:
+ased o" the eperime"t) tra"sitio" metal catio" of %g' Cu&' (n&' is identi!ied. The experiment is started with the reaction o! mixture solution b" adding the h"drochloric solution. %s the h"drochloric solution is added white precipitate is !ormed. )oth o! mixture contain the presence o! %g'. T he result is being con!irmed b" adding o! ammoni and nitric acid to the precipitate. The balance chemical e-uation o! %g' is : %g' ' 2Cl 5 %gCl 6s7 ' 2Cl The experiment is continued b" tested the two mixture with thioacetamide under the acidic condition. )ased on the result both o! the mixture showed negative result even though the $nown mixture should have contain Cu &'. %s the second experiment is !ailed the experiment is continued to identi!ied the presence o! (n &'. Onl" un$nown mixture showed the presence o! the transition metal cation. 4hite precipitate is !ormed so that it is proved the un$nown contain (n&'. The balanced chemical e-uition is written: (n&' ' 2&/ 5 (n/ ' 2 & )ased on the experiment inaccuracies might happen especiall" regarding the $nown mixture. The mixture is !ailed to prove that there are the presence o! (n &' and Cu&'. These ma" be caused o! the supernatant were not decanted properl" !rom the previous anal"sis and the apparatus and e-uipment that is used are contaminated with other impurities. Other than that the time !or observation was limited so that the precipitation process cannot be done properl". ast but not least the mixture were diluted too much during the preparation stage.
CO0CL@BO0: B" co"clusio") tra"sitio" metal catio" i" to di;ere"t miture is ide"ti,ed. The u"%"o" miture co"tai" A#- a"d >"2-.
?E8E?E0CE:
;. Classi!ication o! the Cations and %nions .;8;<. http:==www.inc.bme.hu=en=sub#ects=inchem=sillabus=;&>8;
[email protected]! &. 0ualitative %nal"sis o! Cations .;8;< Universit" o! e!tbridge http:==classes.uleth.ca=&AABA;=chem&AAA;=;&<&A+xpt;90ual&AAB.pd!
