FAST FA ST FOOD IN SINGAPORE SINGAPORE Euromonitor International May 2017
FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
LIST OF CONTENTS AND TABLES Headlines ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Trends ............................................................ .............................................................. ................ 1 Competitive Landscape ..................................................... ........................................................... 2 Prospects ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Category Data .............................................................................................................. ................ 3 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Table 11 Table 12 Table 13 Table 14 Table 15 Table 16 Table 17 Table 18 Table 19 Table 20 Table 21 Table 22 Table 23 Table 24
Fast Food by Category: Units/Outlets 2011 -2016 ........................................ 3 Sales in Fast Food by Category: Number of Transactions 2011-2016 ......... 4 Sales in Fast Food by Category: Foodservice Value 2011 -2016 ................. 5 Fast Food by Category: % Units/Outlets Growth 2011-2016........................ 6 Sales in Fast Food by Category: % Transaction Growth 2011-2016 ............ 7 Sales in Fast Food by Category: % Foodservice Value Growth 20112016 ............................................................. ................................................ 7 Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: Units/Outlets 20112016 ............................................................. ................................................ 8 Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: Number of Transactions 2011-2016 ................................................... ........................... 8 Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: Foodservice Value 2011-2016 201 1-2016 ................................................................ .......................... 9 Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: % Units/Outlets Growth 2011-2016 .................................................................................. ..... 9 Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: % Transaction Growth 2011-2016 ............................................................... ..... 9 Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: % Foodservice Value Growth 2011-2016 ......................................................... 9 GBO Company Shares in Chained Fast Food: % Foodservice Value 2012-2016 ............................................................... ................................... 10 GBN Brand Shares in Chained Fast Food: % Foodservice Value 2013-2016 ............................................................... ................................... 10 Forecast Fast Food by Category: Units/Outlets 2016-2021 ....................... 11 Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Category: Number of Transactions 2016-2021 ............................................................... ................................... 12 Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Category: Foodservice Value 20162021 ............................................................. .............................................. 13 Forecast Fast Food by Category: % Units/Outlets Growth 2016-2021 ....... 15 Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Category: % Transaction Growth 2016-2021 ............................................................... ................................... 15 Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Category: % Foodservice Value Growth 2016-2021 .................................................................................. ... 16 Forecast Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: Units/Outlets 2016-2021 ............................................................... ................................... 17 Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: Number of Transactions 2016-2021 ........................................................ ... 17 Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: Foodservice Value 2016-2021 ................................................................ ... 17 Forecast Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: % Units/Outlets Growth 2016-2021 ............................................................. ... 17
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FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
Table 25 Table 26
Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: % Transaction Growth 2016-2021 ............................................................... ... 18 Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: % Foodservice Value Growth 2016-2021 ....................................................... 18
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FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE HEADLINES Fast food in Singapore posts a 1% rise in transactions and 2% value growth in 2016
Players increase their emphasis on breakfast menus to capture the morning crowd
Chicken fast food is the fastest-growing category in 2016, with a 6% value sales rise
McDonald’s Restaurant Pte Ltd leads fast food with a 41% value share in 2016
Fast food is expected to record a value CAGR of 2% at constant 2016 prices in the forecast period, and reach SGD1.4 billion in 2021
TRENDS In 2016, players and brands were increasing their emphasis on their breakfast menus as they attempted to attract the morning crowd consisting of working professionals. Long John Silver’s, for instance, launched breakfast items such as porridge and soft -boiled eggs. McDonald’s, on the other hand, has continued to actively market its relatively new SGD3
“Grab and Go” breakfast set meals, which include a muffin or wrap, along with coffee. Similarly, “Wake up to KFC a.m.” was promoted by KFC to consumers as a relatively new offering featuring breakfast platters, pancakes and porridge.
Self-service kiosks have become a lot more common as the industry look towards adopting technology to raise productivity. Major fast food brands such as McDonald’s, KFC and Yoshinoya were among the first to offer consumers this option and they continued to install more such kiosks in 2016. Popeyes Chicken & Biscuits also started replacing cashiers with self-service kiosks in 2016. Fast food posted 2% value growth in 2016, a slightly slower rate than the review period average due to channel saturation. However, compared with 2015, fast food recorded a better performance as consumers opted for cheaper eating-out options amidst the economy slowdown in Singapore. Chicken fast food was the fastest-growing category in 2016, with a 6% value sales rise. New product launches from chicken fast food players have been well accepted by consumers, due to trendy flavours that cater to the local palate. Texas Chicken’s sambal chicken is a fine example. Moreover, chicken meals are highly popular in Singapore across different cultures and religions, as chicken is more accepted than other types of meat such as beef or pork. The fast food competitive landscape in Singapore is dominated by chained operators. These international brands normally operate on a franchise model and in 2016 collectively held a 98% value share due to having a larger network than independents. Nestlé Sjora is increasingly popular with major fast food brands such as McDonald’s, KFC and Burger King, which help in marketing the fountain drink. Nestlé Sjora is a blend of milk and fruit juice and it has been rec eiving attention from more health-conscious consumers as it is deemed a healthier alternative to carbonated soft drinks. Eating in continues to be common practice in fast food outlets and in 2016 eat-in sales generated a 66% value share. Takeaway was the next most -popular option, followed by home delivery. Drive-through continues to be negligible due to the shortage of space at outlets and declining car ownership in Singapore. Third party online ordering has become commonplace in Singapore, with Foodpanda being the most popular platform used by fast food brands, including Burger King, Subway, Texas
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FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
Chicken, Yoshinoya, Long John Silver’s and Popeyes Chicken & Biscuits. Bigger chains such as McDonald’s and KFC, which have greater resources, provide delivery using their own fleet of riders.
COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE McDonald’s Restaurant Pte Ltd led sales with a 41% value share in 2016. As a fast food restaurant with the second-highest number of outlets in Singapore, McDonald’s is easily accessible to consumers who are looking for a quick and cheap meal. The company is quick in responding to consumer trends and is highly active in new product launches. In 2016, the company announced its decision to move away from direct ownership in Asia Pacific to accelerate its expansion. It will be selling the franchise rights for Singapore to Saudi Arabian
company Lionhorn under the development licensee structure. McDonald’s also reopened its flagship restaurant at Marine Cove, housing new concepts such as a salad bar and dessert bar. McDonald’s will launch gourmet food options and new products from thi s branch.
Golden Donuts Pte Ltd, which manages the Dunkin’ Donuts brand, recorded the biggest increase in value sales in 2016. The company has increased efforts to set itself apart from other bakery products fast food chains by placing greater marketing emphasis on its beverage options, such as lattes and iced d rinks. In addition, the company launched a website in 2016, which allows consumers to place advance orders for delivery or for collection in stores. This has contributed to more convenience for consumers and eventually benefited overall sales for Dunkin’ Donuts. The “Love Local” campaign by McDonald’s has been a key advertising campaign that achieved high exposure on social media, TV, radio and outdoor media. The campaign has become memorable for its marketing of new fusion food using Singaporean catchphrases. Besides this major campaign, McDonald’s has come up with unique marketing ideas throughout the year. For instance, it has featured a machine at its Cathay Cineleisure branch that dispenses promotional deals after a user screams at it.
Wing Tai Holdings Ltd disposed of its franchise rights to Yoshinoya in 2016, returning the business to Yoshinoya Holdings Co Ltd. The change in management saw the rebranding of Yoshinoya, with outlets such as Bishan and Compass One being revamped with a casual dining vibe. The new concept stores come with an expanded menu, self-service soda stations, free Wi-Fi and charging points to attract younger consumers. The domestic presence in fast food is weak as local players are typically small businesses that own independent chains. In comparison with multinationals, they have fewer resources to scale up. International multinationals leverage on their brand equity and are able to expand quickly through franchising. Also, their brands are well known and thus contribute the majority of sales in fast food.
PROSPECTS Automation will be a key trend in the forecast period as companies seek to deliver more efficient processes through the use of technology. Existing technologies such as mobile ordering and self-service kiosks that enhance the customer experience are set to become more prevalent.
Fast food is expected to post a value CAGR of 2% at constant 2016 prices in the forecast period, a faster rate than the review period average. With a sluggish economy expected in Singapore, cheaper eating-out options such as hawker centres and fast food outlets will become more popular with the average consumer.
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FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
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Fast food chains face the risk of becoming outdated i n the face of rapidly evolvi ng consumer foodservice trends. In order to continue attracting consumers, fast food players are likely to use strategies that improve their menu offerings and consumers’ dining experience. The current emphasis on health and wellness among consumers is set to influence fast food players to develop a healthier image. Because the owner of McDonald’s is to no longer directly own the outlets in Singapore, it might inspire other fast food companies to follow in its footsteps. The franchise model is preferred as it puts the capital responsibility on local partners, whose resources are leveraged on to support store expansion. Franchising also allows brand owners to put more focus on managing the brand instead of running the operations. However, brands may face quality issues and reputational risks if franchisees do not perform to expectations.
CATEGORY DATA Table 1
Fast Food by Category: Units/Outlets 2011-2016
outlets
Asian Fast Food - Chained Asian Fast Food - Independent Asian Fast Food Bakery Products Fast Food - Chained Bakery Products Fast Food - Independent Bakery Products Fast Food Burger Fast Food - Chained Burger Fast Food - Independent Burger Fast Food Chicken Fast Food - Chained Chicken Fast Food - Independent Chicken Fast Food Convenience Stores Fast Food - Chained Convenience Stores Fast Food - Independent Convenience Stores Fast Food Fish Fast Food - Chained Fish Fast Food - Independent Fish Fast Food Ice Cream Fast Food - Chained Ice Cream Fast Food - Independent Ice Cream Fast Food Latin American Fast Food - Chained Latin
© Euromonitor International
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
55 55 -
58 58 -
59 59 -
58 58 -
59 59 -
52 52 -
188 188
210 210
232 232
232 232
221 221
207 207
-
-
-
-
-
-
212 212
214 214
211 211
205 205
196 196
200 200
-
-
-
-
-
-
98 98
104 104
110 110
124 124
133 133
140 140
-
-
-
-
-
-
781
788
763
722
752
760
781
788
763
722
752
760
-
-
-
-
-
-
29 29 -
30 30 -
22 22 -
22 22 -
19 19 -
18 18 -
92 61
95 63
94 61
81 47
83 45
81 41
31
32
33
34
38
40
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
American Fast Food - Independent Latin American Fast Food Middle Eastern Fast Food - Chained Middle Eastern Fast Food - Independent Middle Eastern Fast Food Pizza Fast Food - Chained Pizza Fast Food - Independent Pizza Fast Food Other Fast Food - Chained Other Fast Food - Independent Other Fast Food Fast Food Source:
Passport
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
51 51 -
57 57 -
66 66 -
72 72 -
71 71 -
77 77 -
1,506
1,556
1,557
1,516
1,534
1,535
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 2
Sales in Fast Food by Category: Number of Transactions 2011-2016
'000 transactions
Asian Fast Food - Chained Asian Fast Food - Independent Asian Fast Food Bakery Products Fast Food - Chained Bakery Products Fast Food - Independent Bakery Products Fast Food Burger Fast Food - Chained Burger Fast Food - Independent Burger Fast Food Chicken Fast Food - Chained Chicken Fast Food - Independent Chicken Fast Food Convenience Stores Fast Food - Chained Convenience Stores Fast Food - Independent Convenience Stores Fast Food Fish Fast Food - Chained Fish Fast Food - Independent Fish Fast Food Ice Cream Fast Food - Chained Ice Cream Fast Food - Independent Ice Cream
© Euromonitor International
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
3,701.8 3,701.8 -
3,966.2 3,966.2 -
3,926.6 3,926.6 -
3,850.9 3,850.9 -
4,647.9 4,647.9 -
4,740.9 4,740.9 -
10,841.1 10,841.1
11,802.4 11,802.4
12,982.6 12,982.6
14,008.2 14,008.2
14,135.4 14,135.4
14,107.2 14,107.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
68,244.9 68,244.9
73,470.7 73,470.7
80,660.7 80,660.7
78,948.8 78,948.8
79,343.5 79,343.5
80,375.0 80,375.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
12,800.1 12,800.1
13,296.4 13,296.4
14,027.7 14,027.7
15,416.5 15,416.5
16,158.3 16,158.3
17,111.6 17,111.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
37,554.7
37,920.3
38,205.8
34,117.8
33,291.1
32,591.9
37,554.7
37,920.3
38,205.8
34,117.8
33,291.1
32,591.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,800.7 2,800.7 -
2,820.5 2,820.5 -
2,327.0 2,327.0 -
2,350.2 2,350.2 -
2,174.0 2,174.0 -
2,074.0 2,074.0 -
4,804.9 2,945.6
4,868.6 2,962.8
4,942.0 2,992.4
4,312.7 2,322.1
4,416.5 2,274.6
4,464.2 2,247.3
1,859.3
1,905.8
1,949.7
1,990.6
2,141.9
2,216.9
4
FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
Fast Food Latin American Fast Food - Chained Latin American Fast Food - Independent Latin American Fast Food Middle Eastern Fast Food - Chained Middle Eastern Fast Food - Independent Middle Eastern Fast Food Pizza Fast Food - Chained Pizza Fast Food - Independent Pizza Fast Food Other Fast Food - Chained Other Fast Food - Independent Other Fast Food Fast Food
Passport
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3,186.0 3,186.0 -
3,444.0 3,444.0 -
3,785.0 3,785.0 -
4,000.7 4,000.7 -
3,910.1 3,910.1 -
3,996.1 3,996.1 -
143,934.3
151,589.0
160,857.5
157,005.9
158,076.8
159,460.9
Source:
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 3
Sales in Fast Food by Category: Foodservice Value 2011-2016
SGD million
Asian Fast Food - Chained Asian Fast Food - Independent Asian Fast Food Bakery Products Fast Food - Chained Bakery Products Fast Food - Independent Bakery Products Fast Food Burger Fast Food - Chained Burger Fast Food - Independent Burger Fast Food Chicken Fast Food - Chained Chicken Fast Food - Independent Chicken Fast Food Convenience Stores Fast Food - Chained Convenience Stores Fast Food - Independent Convenience Stores Fast Food Fish Fast Food - Chained Fish Fast Food - Independent Fish Fast Food Ice Cream Fast Food
© Euromonitor International
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
49.2 49.2 -
49.4 49.4 -
49.9 49.9 -
50.0 50.0 -
50.5 50.5 -
51.3 51.3 -
127.4 127.4
132.3 132.3
137.9 137.9
145.9 145.9
147.4 147.4
146.7 146.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
533.7 533.7
569.0 569.0
619.0 619.0
604.2 604.2
606.1 606.1
612.1 612.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
199.0 199.0
205.6 205.6
211.3 211.3
234.9 234.9
247.8 247.8
262.9 262.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
119.1
120.1
120.9
108.0
107.1
104.6
119.1
120.1
120.9
108.0
107.1
104.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
27.9 27.9 -
27.9 27.9 -
24.6 24.6 -
24.3 24.3 -
22.1 22.1 -
21.1 21.1 -
48.1
48.6
47.7
42.5
43.6
44.5
5
FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
- Chained Ice Cream Fast Food - Independent Ice Cream Fast Food Latin American Fast Food - Chained Latin American Fast Food - Independent Latin American Fast Food Middle Eastern Fast Food - Chained Middle Eastern Fast Food - Independent Middle Eastern Fast Food Pizza Fast Food - Chained Pizza Fast Food - Independent Pizza Fast Food Other Fast Food - Chained Other Fast Food - Independent Other Fast Food Fast Food Source:
Table 4
Passport
26.9
26.7
25.1
19.1
19.0
19.1
21.3
21.9
22.6
23.4
24.7
25.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
48.7 48.7 -
51.3 51.3 -
55.6 55.6 -
57.6 57.6 -
55.4 55.4 -
55.9 55.9 -
1,153.3
1,204.2
1,267.0
1,267.4
1,279.9
1,299.1
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Fast Food by Category: % Units/Outlets Growth 2011-2016
% Units/Outlets growth
Asian Fast Food - Chained Asian Fast Food - Independent Asian Fast Food Bakery Products Fast Food - Chained Bakery Products Fast Food - Independent Bakery Products Fast Food Burger Fast Food - Chained Burger Fast Food - Independent Burger Fast Food Chicken Fast Food - Chained Chicken Fast Food - Independent Chicken Fast Food Convenience Stores Fast Food - Chained Convenience Stores Fast Food - Independent Convenience Stores Fast Food Fish Fast Food - Chained Fish Fast Food - Independent Fish Fast Food Ice Cream Fast Food - Chained Ice Cream Fast Food - Independent Ice Cream Fast Food Latin American Fast Food - Chained Latin American Fast Food - Independent Latin American Fast Food Middle Eastern Fast Food - Chained Middle Eastern Fast Food - Independent Middle Eastern Fast Food
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2015/16
2011-16 CAGR
2011/16 Total
-11.9 -11.9 -6.3 -6.3 2.0 2.0 5.3 5.3 1.1 1.1 -
-1.1 -1.1 1.9 1.9 -1.2 -1.2 7.4 7.4 -0.5 -0.5 -
-5.5 -5.5 10.1 10.1 -5.7 -5.7 42.9 42.9 -2.7 -2.7 -
-5.3 -5.3 -2.4 -8.9 5.3 -
-9.1 -9.1 -2.5 -7.6 5.2 -
-37.9 -37.9 -12.0 -32.8 29.0 -
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FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
Pizza Fast Food - Chained Pizza Fast Food - Independent Pizza Fast Food Other Fast Food - Chained Other Fast Food - Independent Other Fast Food Fast Food Source:
Passport
8.5 8.5 0.1
8.6 8.6 0.4
51.0 51.0 1.9
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 5
Sales in Fast Food by Category: % Transaction Growth 2011-2016
% transaction growth
Asian Fast Food - Chained Asian Fast Food - Independent Asian Fast Food Bakery Products Fast Food - Chained Bakery Products Fast Food - Independent Bakery Products Fast Food Burger Fast Food - Chained Burger Fast Food - Independent Burger Fast Food Chicken Fast Food - Chained Chicken Fast Food - Independent Chicken Fast Food Convenience Stores Fast Food - Chained Convenience Stores Fast Food - Independent Convenience Stores Fast Food Fish Fast Food - Chained Fish Fast Food - Independent Fish Fast Food Ice Cream Fast Food - Chained Ice Cream Fast Food - Independent Ice Cream Fast Food Latin American Fast Food - Chained Latin American Fast Food - Independent Latin American Fast Food Middle Eastern Fast Food - Chained Middle Eastern Fast Food - Independent Middle Eastern Fast Food Pizza Fast Food - Chained Pizza Fast Food - Independent Pizza Fast Food Other Fast Food - Chained Other Fast Food - Independent Other Fast Food Fast Food Source:
2015/16
2011-16 CAGR
2011/16 Total
2.0 2.0 -0.2 -0.2 1.3 1.3 5.9 5.9 -2.1 -2.1 -
5.1 5.1 5.4 5.4 3.3 3.3 6.0 6.0 -2.8 -2.8 -
28.1 28.1 30.1 30.1 17.8 17.8 33.7 33.7 -13.2 -13.2 -
-4.6 -4.6 1.1 -1.2 3.5 2.2 2.2 0.9
-5.8 -5.8 -1.5 -5.3 3.6 4.6 4.6 2.1
-25.9 -25.9 -7.1 -23.7 19.2 25.4 25.4 10.8
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 6
Sales in Fast Food by Category: % Foodservice Value Growth 2011-2016
% value growth 2015/16
© Euromonitor International
2011-16 CAGR
2011/16 Total
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FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
Passport
Asian Fast Food - Chained Asian Fast Food - Independent Asian Fast Food Bakery Products Fast Food - Chained Bakery Products Fast Food - Independent Bakery Products Fast Food Burger Fast Food - Chained Burger Fast Food - Independent Burger Fast Food Chicken Fast Food - Chained Chicken Fast Food - Independent Chicken Fast Food Convenience Stores Fast Food - Chained Convenience Stores Fast Food - Independent Convenience Stores Fast Food Fish Fast Food - Chained Fish Fast Food - Independent Fish Fast Food Ice Cream Fast Food - Chained Ice Cream Fast Food - Independent Ice Cream Fast Food Latin American Fast Food - Chained Latin American Fast Food - Independent Latin American Fast Food Middle Eastern Fast Food - Chained Middle Eastern Fast Food - Independent Middle Eastern Fast Food Pizza Fast Food - Chained Pizza Fast Food - Independent Pizza Fast Food Other Fast Food - Chained Other Fast Food - Independent Other Fast Food Fast Food Source:
1.5 1.5 -0.5 -0.5 1.0 1.0 6.1 6.1 -2.3 -2.3 -
0.8 0.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 5.7 5.7 -2.6 -2.6 -
4.2 4.2 15.1 15.1 14.7 14.7 32.1 32.1 -12.1 -12.1 -
-4.3 -4.3 1.9 0.8 2.8 1.0 1.0 1.5
-5.4 -5.4 -1.6 -6.6 3.6 2.8 2.8 2.4
-24.4 -24.4 -7.6 -28.9 19.3 14.9 14.9 12.6
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 7
Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: Units/Outlets 2011-2016
outlets
Fast Casual Non-Fast Casual Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual Source:
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
86 1,420 1,506
95 1,461 1,556
105 1,452 1,557
111 1,405 1,516
116 1,418 1,534
121 1,414 1,535
2015
2016
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 8
Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: Number of Transactions 2011-2016
'000 transactions 2011
© Euromonitor International
2012
2013
2014
8
FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
Fast Casual Non-Fast Casual Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual Source:
Passport
4,553.1 139,381.3 143,934.3
4,704.5 146,884.4 151,589.0
4,906.8 155,950.6 160,857.5
5,088.4 151,917.5 157,005.9
5,246.1 152,830.7 158,076.8
5,429.7 154,031.1 159,460.9
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 9
Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: Foodservice Value 2011-2016
SGD million
Fast Casual Non-Fast Casual Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual Source:
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
68.5 1,084.7 1,153.3
68.7 1,135.4 1,204.2
73.5 1,193.4 1,267.0
77.6 1,189.8 1,267.4
79.9 1,200.1 1,279.9
82.3 1,216.9 1,299.1
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 10
Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: % Units/Outlets Growth 20112016
% Units/Outlets growth
Fast Casual Non-Fast Casual Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual Source:
2015/16
2011-16 CAGR
2011/16 Total
4.3 -0.3 0.1
7.1 -0.1 0.4
40.7 -0.4 1.9
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 11
Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: % Transaction Growth 2011-2016
% transaction growth
Fast Casual Non-Fast Casual Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual Source:
2015/16
2011-16 CAGR
2011/16 Total
3.5 0.8 0.9
3.6 2.0 2.1
19.3 10.5 10.8
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 12
Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: % Foodservice Value Growth 2011-2016
% value growth
Fast Casual
© Euromonitor International
2015/16
2011-16 CAGR
2011/16 Total
3.0
3.7
20.1
9
FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
Passport
Non-Fast Casual Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual Source:
12.2 12.6
GBO Company Shares in Chained Fast Food: % Foodservice Value 20122016
% value Company McDonald's Corp Yum! Brands Inc Doctor's Associates Inc Seven & I Holdings Co Ltd Restaurant Brands International Inc PastaMatrix International Pte Ltd LJS Partners LLC Cajun Operating Co Soup Spoon, The MOS Food Services Inc Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen Inc NTUC FairPrice Cooperative Pte Ltd Grands Moulins de Paris SA (GMP) Yoshinoya Holdings Co Ltd General Mills Inc Komala's Restaurant Pte Ltd Singapore Petroleum Co Ltd J Co Donuts & Coffee PT CKE Restaurants Inc Andersen's of Denmark (Asia) Pte Ltd Abrakebabra Ltd Dunkin' Brands Group Inc Chevron Corp Marrybrown Fried Chicken Sdn Bhd Unilever Group Emerald Foods Ltd Top Food Indonesia PT Wendy's Co, The Burger King Worldwide Inc AFC Enterprises Inc Others Total
Table 14
2.3 2.4
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 13
Source:
1.4 1.5
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
41.0 15.7 6.8 8.2 -
43.2 14.6 6.6 7.8 -
42.3 15.3 6.9 6.7 4.5
42.5 15.5 7.1 6.6 4.2
42.1 15.8 7.2 6.5 4.4
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.7
2.4
2.4 0.5 1.0 1.2 -
2.0 0.7 1.0 1.2 -
2.0 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1
1.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1
1.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
0.9
0.8 0.7 0.7
0.7 0.6 0.6
0.6 0.6 0.6
0.6 0.6 0.5
0.6 0.6 0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4 0.4 0.5
0.4 0.3 0.4
0.5 0.3 0.3
0.4 0.3 0.3
0.4 0.3 0.3
0.5 0.2 0.2 -
0.5 0.2 0.2 -
0.5 0.2 0.2 -
0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2
0.5 0.2 0.1 0.7 4.9 0.9 6.0 100.0
0.4 0.2 0.0 0.6 4.5 1.0 6.5 100.0
0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 7.8 100.0
0.1 0.1 0.0 8.2 100.0
0.1 0.1 0.0 8.7 100.0
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
GBN Brand Shares in Chained Fast Food: % Foodservice Value 2013-2016
© Euromonitor International
10
FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
% value Brand McDonald's KFC Subway 7-Eleven Burger King Pastamania Long John Silver's Texas Chicken The Soup Spoon MOS Burger Popeyes Chicken & Biscuits Cheers Délifrance Yoshinoya Häagen-Dazs Komala's Choices J Co Donuts & Coffee Carl's Jr Andersen's O'Brien's Dunkin' Donuts Star Mart Marrybrown FairPrice Xpress Ben & Jerry's New Zealand Natural Ice Cream Es Teler 77 Burger King Popeyes Chicken & Biscuits Others Total Source:
Table 15
Passport
Global Brand Owner
2013
2014
2015
2016
McDonald's Corp Yum! Brands Inc Doctor's Associates Inc Seven & I Holdings Co Ltd Restaurant Brands International Inc PastaMatrix International Pte Ltd LJS Partners LLC Cajun Operating Co Soup Spoon, The MOS Food Services Inc Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen Inc NTUC FairPrice Cooperative Pte Ltd Grands Moulins de Paris SA (GMP) Yoshinoya Holdings Co Ltd General Mills Inc Komala's Restaurant Pte Ltd Singapore Petroleum Co Ltd J Co Donuts & Coffee PT CKE Restaurants Inc Andersen's of Denmark (Asia) Pte Ltd Abrakebabra Ltd Dunkin' Brands Group Inc Chevron Corp Marrybrown Fried Chicken Sdn Bhd NTUC FairPrice Cooperative Pte Ltd Unilever Group Emerald Foods Ltd
43.2 14.6 6.6 7.8 -
42.3 15.3 6.9 6.7 4.5
42.5 15.5 7.1 6.6 4.2
42.1 15.8 7.2 6.5 4.4
3.0
3.0
2.7
2.4
2.0 0.7 1.0 1.2 -
2.0 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1
1.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1
1.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
0.9
0.7 0.6 0.6
0.6 0.6 0.6
0.6 0.6 0.5
0.6 0.6 0.5
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4
0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3
0.5 0.2 0.2 -
0.5 0.2 0.2 -
0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.0 4.5 1.0
0.0 -
0.0 -
0.0 -
7.1 100.0
8.0 100.0
8.2 100.0
8.7 100.0
Top Food Indonesia PT Burger King Worldwide Inc AFC Enterprises Inc
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Forecast Fast Food by Category: Units/Outlets 2016-2021
outlets
Asian Fast Food - Chained Asian Fast Food - Independent Asian Fast Food
© Euromonitor International
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
52 52 -
52 52 -
53 53 -
54 54 -
55 55 -
56 56 -
11
FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
Bakery Products Fast Food - Chained Bakery Products Fast Food - Independent Bakery Products Fast Food Burger Fast Food - Chained Burger Fast Food - Independent Burger Fast Food Chicken Fast Food - Chained Chicken Fast Food - Independent Chicken Fast Food Convenience Stores Fast Food - Chained Convenience Stores Fast Food - Independent Convenience Stores Fast Food Fish Fast Food - Chained Fish Fast Food - Independent Fish Fast Food Ice Cream Fast Food - Chained Ice Cream Fast Food - Independent Ice Cream Fast Food Latin American Fast Food - Chained Latin American Fast Food - Independent Latin American Fast Food Middle Eastern Fast Food - Chained Middle Eastern Fast Food - Independent Middle Eastern Fast Food Pizza Fast Food - Chained Pizza Fast Food - Independent Pizza Fast Food Other Fast Food - Chained Other Fast Food - Independent Other Fast Food Fast Food Source:
Passport
207 207
202 202
198 198
195 195
193 193
192 192
-
-
-
-
-
-
200 200
202 202
203 203
204 204
205 205
206 206
-
-
-
-
-
-
140 140
145 145
151 151
158 158
166 166
175 175
-
-
-
-
-
-
760
754
748
743
739
735
760
754
748
743
739
735
-
-
-
-
-
-
18 18 -
18 18 -
17 17 -
16 16 -
15 15 -
15 15 -
81 41
82 40
84 40
85 39
87 39
88 38
40
42
44
46
48
50
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
77 77 -
78 78 -
79 79 -
80 80 -
81 81 -
82 82 -
1,535
1,533
1,533
1,535
1,541
1,549
Euromonitor International from trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 16
Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Category: Number of Transactions 2016-2021
'000 transactions
Asian Fast Food
© Euromonitor International
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
4,740.9
4,859.4
4,990.6
5,135.3
5,294.5
5,469.3
12
FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
- Chained Asian Fast Food - Independent Asian Fast Food Bakery Products Fast Food - Chained Bakery Products Fast Food - Independent Bakery Products Fast Food Burger Fast Food - Chained Burger Fast Food - Independent Burger Fast Food Chicken Fast Food - Chained Chicken Fast Food - Independent Chicken Fast Food Convenience Stores Fast Food - Chained Convenience Stores Fast Food - Independent Convenience Stores Fast Food Fish Fast Food - Chained Fish Fast Food - Independent Fish Fast Food Ice Cream Fast Food - Chained Ice Cream Fast Food - Independent Ice Cream Fast Food Latin American Fast Food - Chained Latin American Fast Food - Independent Latin American Fast Food Middle Eastern Fast Food - Chained Middle Eastern Fast Food - Independent Middle Eastern Fast Food Pizza Fast Food - Chained Pizza Fast Food - Independent Pizza Fast Food Other Fast Food - Chained Other Fast Food - Independent Other Fast Food Fast Food Source:
Passport
4,740.9 -
4,859.4 -
4,990.6 -
5,135.3 -
5,294.5 -
5,469.3 -
14,107.2 14,107.2
14,177.7 14,177.7
14,234.4 14,234.4
14,277.1 14,277.1
14,305.7 14,305.7
14,320.0 14,320.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
80,375.0 80,375.0
82,143.3 82,143.3
84,443.3 84,443.3
87,314.3 87,314.3
90,981.5 90,981.5
95,530.6 95,530.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
17,111.6 17,111.6
18,138.3 18,138.3
19,244.8 19,244.8
20,438.0 20,438.0
21,725.5 21,725.5
23,116.0 23,116.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
32,591.9
32,624.5
32,689.8
32,787.9
32,919.0
33,083.6
32,591.9
32,624.5
32,689.8
32,787.9
32,919.0
33,083.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,074.0 2,074.0 -
1,970.3 1,970.3 -
1,869.8 1,869.8 -
1,772.6 1,772.6 -
1,678.6 1,678.6 -
1,588.0 1,588.0 -
4,464.2 2,247.3
4,506.0 2,222.6
4,554.5 2,200.4
4,610.1 2,180.6
4,672.8 2,163.1
4,743.0 2,148.0
2,216.9
2,283.4
2,354.1
2,429.5
2,509.6
2,595.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3,996.1 3,996.1 -
4,068.0 4,068.0 -
4,133.1 4,133.1 -
4,191.0 4,191.0 -
4,241.2 4,241.2 -
4,283.7 4,283.7 -
159,460.9
162,487.5
166,160.3
170,526.2
175,819.0
182,134.0
Euromonitor International from trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 17
Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Category: Foodservice Value 2016-2021
SGD million
© Euromonitor International
13
FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
Asian Fast Food - Chained Asian Fast Food - Independent Asian Fast Food Bakery Products Fast Food - Chained Bakery Products Fast Food - Independent Bakery Products Fast Food Burger Fast Food - Chained Burger Fast Food - Independent Burger Fast Food Chicken Fast Food - Chained Chicken Fast Food - Independent Chicken Fast Food Convenience Stores Fast Food - Chained Convenience Stores Fast Food - Independent Convenience Stores Fast Food Fish Fast Food - Chained Fish Fast Food - Independent Fish Fast Food Ice Cream Fast Food - Chained Ice Cream Fast Food - Independent Ice Cream Fast Food Latin American Fast Food - Chained Latin American Fast Food - Independent Latin American Fast Food Middle Eastern Fast Food - Chained Middle Eastern Fast Food - Independent Middle Eastern Fast Food Pizza Fast Food - Chained Pizza Fast Food - Independent Pizza Fast Food Other Fast Food - Chained Other Fast Food - Independent Other Fast Food Fast Food Source:
Passport
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
51.3 51.3 -
52.1 52.1 -
53.0 53.0 -
54.0 54.0 -
55.0 55.0 -
56.1 56.1 -
146.7 146.7
147.4 147.4
148.0 148.0
148.4 148.4
148.7 148.7
148.9 148.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
612.1 612.1
624.4 624.4
637.5 637.5
651.5 651.5
666.5 666.5
682.5 682.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
262.9 262.9
273.4 273.4
283.3 283.3
292.3 292.3
300.5 300.5
308.3 308.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
104.6
104.8
105.2
105.9
106.7
107.8
104.6
104.8
105.2
105.9
106.7
107.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
21.1 21.1 -
20.0 20.0 -
18.8 18.8 -
17.8 17.8 -
16.7 16.7 -
15.7 15.7 -
44.5 19.1
45.0 19.1
45.5 19.0
46.0 19.0
46.5 18.9
47.1 18.8
25.4
25.9
26.4
27.0
27.6
28.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
55.9 55.9 -
56.4 56.4 -
56.9 56.9 -
57.3 57.3 -
57.6 57.6 -
57.9 57.9 -
1,299.1
1,323.5
1,348.2
1,373.1
1,398.3
1,424.3
Euromonitor International from trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
© Euromonitor International
14
FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
Table 18
Passport
Forecast Fast Food by Category: % Units/Outlets Growth 2016-2021
% Units/Outlets growth
Asian Fast Food - Chained Asian Fast Food - Independent Asian Fast Food Bakery Products Fast Food - Chained Bakery Products Fast Food - Independent Bakery Products Fast Food Burger Fast Food - Chained Burger Fast Food - Independent Burger Fast Food Chicken Fast Food - Chained Chicken Fast Food - Independent Chicken Fast Food Convenience Stores Fast Food - Chained Convenience Stores Fast Food - Independent Convenience Stores Fast Food Fish Fast Food - Chained Fish Fast Food - Independent Fish Fast Food Ice Cream Fast Food - Chained Ice Cream Fast Food - Independent Ice Cream Fast Food Latin American Fast Food - Chained Latin American Fast Food - Independent Latin American Fast Food Middle Eastern Fast Food - Chained Middle Eastern Fast Food - Independent Middle Eastern Fast Food Pizza Fast Food - Chained Pizza Fast Food - Independent Pizza Fast Food Other Fast Food - Chained Other Fast Food - Independent Other Fast Food Fast Food Source:
Table 19
2016/2017
2016-21 CAGR
2016/21 TOTAL
0.0 0.0 -2.4 -2.4 1.0 1.0 3.6 3.6 -0.8 -0.8 -
1.5 1.5 -1.5 -1.5 0.6 0.6 4.6 4.6 -0.7 -0.7 -
7.7 7.7 -7.2 -7.2 3.0 3.0 25.0 25.0 -3.3 -3.3 -
0.0 0.0 1.2 -2.4 5.0 1.3 1.3 -0.1
-3.6 -3.6 1.7 -1.5 4.6 1.3 1.3 0.2
-16.7 -16.7 8.6 -7.3 25.0 6.5 6.5 0.9
Euromonitor International from trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Category: % Transaction Growth 2016-2021
% transaction growth
Asian Fast Food - Chained Asian Fast Food - Independent Asian Fast Food Bakery Products Fast Food - Chained Bakery Products Fast Food - Independent Bakery Products Fast Food Burger Fast Food - Chained Burger Fast Food - Independent Burger Fast Food Chicken Fast Food - Chained Chicken Fast Food
© Euromonitor International
2016/2017
2016-21 CAGR
2016/21 TOTAL
2.5 2.5 0.5 0.5 2.2 2.2 6.0 6.0
2.9 2.9 0.3 0.3 3.5 3.5 6.2 6.2
15.4 15.4 1.5 1.5 18.9 18.9 35.1 35.1
15
FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
- Independent Chicken Fast Food Convenience Stores Fast Food - Chained Convenience Stores Fast Food - Independent Convenience Stores Fast Food Fish Fast Food - Chained Fish Fast Food - Independent Fish Fast Food Ice Cream Fast Food - Chained Ice Cream Fast Food - Independent Ice Cream Fast Food Latin American Fast Food - Chained Latin American Fast Food - Independent Latin American Fast Food Middle Eastern Fast Food - Chained Middle Eastern Fast Food - Independent Middle Eastern Fast Food Pizza Fast Food - Chained Pizza Fast Food - Independent Pizza Fast Food Other Fast Food - Chained Other Fast Food - Independent Other Fast Food Fast Food Source:
Passport
0.1 0.1 -
0.3 0.3 -
1.5 1.5 -
-5.0 -5.0 0.9 -1.1 3.0 1.8 1.8 1.9
-5.2 -5.2 1.2 -0.9 3.2 1.4 1.4 2.7
-23.4 -23.4 6.2 -4.4 17.1 7.2 7.2 14.2
Euromonitor International from trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 20
Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Category: % Foodservice Value Growth 20162021
% value growth
Asian Fast Food - Chained Asian Fast Food - Independent Asian Fast Food Bakery Products Fast Food - Chained Bakery Products Fast Food - Independent Bakery Products Fast Food Burger Fast Food - Chained Burger Fast Food - Independent Burger Fast Food Chicken Fast Food - Chained Chicken Fast Food - Independent Chicken Fast Food Convenience Stores Fast Food - Chained Convenience Stores Fast Food - Independent Convenience Stores Fast Food Fish Fast Food - Chained Fish Fast Food - Independent Fish Fast Food Ice Cream Fast Food - Chained Ice Cream Fast Food - Independent Ice Cream Fast Food Latin American Fast Food - Chained Latin American Fast Food - Independent Latin American Fast Food Middle Eastern Fast Food
© Euromonitor International
2016/2017
2016-21 CAGR
2016/21 TOTAL
1.6 1.6 0.5 0.5 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 0.2 0.2 -
1.8 1.8 0.3 0.3 2.2 2.2 3.2 3.2 0.6 0.6 -
9.3 9.3 1.5 1.5 11.5 11.5 17.3 17.3 3.0 3.0 -
-5.5 -5.5 1.1 -0.1 2.0 -
-5.7 -5.7 1.2 -0.3 2.2 -
-25.4 -25.4 5.9 -1.5 11.5 -
16
FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
Passport
- Chained Middle Eastern Fast Food - Independent Middle Eastern Fast Food Pizza Fast Food - Chained Pizza Fast Food - Independent Pizza Fast Food Other Fast Food - Chained Other Fast Food - Independent Other Fast Food Fast Food Source:
0.9 0.9 1.9
0.7 0.7 1.9
3.5 3.5 9.6
Euromonitor International from trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 21
Forecast Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: Units/Outlets 20162021
outlets
Fast Casual Non-Fast Casual Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual Source:
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
121 1,414 1,535
127 1,406 1,533
135 1,398 1,533
144 1,391 1,535
156 1,385 1,541
170 1,379 1,549
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 22
Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: Number of Transactions 2016-2021
'000 transactions
Fast Casual Non-Fast Casual Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual Source:
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
5,429.7 154,031.1 159,460.9
5,636.1 156,851.4 162,487.5
5,867.2 160,293.1 166,160.3
6,125.3 164,400.9 170,526.2
6,413.2 169,405.8 175,819.0
6,733.9 175,400.2 182,134.0
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 23
Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: Foodservice Value 2016-2021
SGD million
Fast Casual Non-Fast Casual Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual Source:
Table 24
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
82.3 1,216.9 1,299.1
84.9 1,238.6 1,323.5
87.8 1,260.4 1,348.2
90.9 1,282.2 1,373.1
94.4 1,303.9 1,398.3
98.2 1,326.1 1,424.3
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Forecast Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: % Units/Outlets Growth 2016-2021
© Euromonitor International
17
FAST FOOD IN SINGAPORE
Passport
% Units/Outlets growth
Fast Casual Non-Fast Casual Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual Source:
2016/2017
2016-21 CAGR
2016/21 TOTAL
5.0 -0.6 -0.1
7.0 -0.5 0.2
40.5 -2.5 0.9
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 25
Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: % Transaction Growth 2016-2021
% transaction growth
Fast Casual Non-Fast Casual Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual Source:
2016/2017
2016-21 CAGR
2016/21 TOTAL
3.8 1.8 1.9
4.4 2.6 2.7
24.0 13.9 14.2
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
Table 26
Forecast Sales in Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual: % Foodservice Value Growth 2016-2021
% value growth
Fast Casual Non-Fast Casual Fast Food by Fast Casual vs Non-Fast Casual Source:
2016/2017
2016-21 CAGR
2016/21 TOTAL
3.2 1.8 1.9
3.6 1.7 1.9
19.3 9.0 9.6
Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources
© Euromonitor International
18