Final Report of Financial Statement Analysis of Packages Limited Lahore

_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m

BFAIJPGML@MHMI\ Ki |dm ibhm jc ‗Bggbd‘' |dm hjv| nmimckfmi| bil hm~fkc}g pdj `bsm }v v|~mi`|d bil aijpgml`m |j fjhgm|m |dkv ~mj~|) \dkv ~mj~| kv b b~| jc j}~ fj}~vm ‗Ckibifkbg V|b|mhmi| Bibg{vkv‘) \dkv dbv ~jsml |j nm b `~mb| mtm~kmifm) Pm pj}gl gkam |j mt~mvv j}~ `~b|k|}lm |j j}~ |mbfdm~

H~) H}dbhhbl Bgk Pbggbib pdj `bsm }v |dkv

jj~|}ik|{ |j c}gckgg |dkv ~mj~|) Pm pj}gl bgvj gkam |j |dbia j}~ cmggjpv pdj b~|kfkb|ml ki b cjf}v `~j} vmvvkji) \dm{ `bsm }v hbi{ dmgc}g fjhhmi|v pdkfd dmgml }v b gj| ki ~mb~ki` j}~ ~mj~|)

Ckibifkbg V|b|mhmi| Bibg{vkv

2 jc 264 264


LMLKFB\KJI Pm pj}gl gkam |j lmlkfb|m |dkv ~jemf| |j j}~ NMGJSML b~mi|v pdj dbsm bgpb{v mifj}~b`ml }v |d~j}`dj}| ki j}~ bfblmhkf fb~mm~ bil hbam jvvkngm cj~ }v |j v|bil pdm~m pm b~m |jlb{ bil j}~ Djij~bngm |mbfdm~ H~) H}dbhhbl Bgk Pbggbib pdj hbam }v bngm |j lj v}fd |bva)


> jc 264 264


_^MCBFM Bv |dm pj~gl kv `~jpki` ~bklg{' |dm n}vkimvvmv b~m bgvj hjski` |j nmfjhm |dm d}`m jim) Bil n{ |db| ~mv}g|' hj~m bil hj~m mjgm pbi| |j nmfjhm b hbv|m~ ki |dmvm n}vkimvvmv) \dm hbki }~jvm ki |dm ckibifm ckmgl kv |j aijp djp |dm ckibifkbg bibg{vkv kv ljim) Pm bgg aijp |db| ckibifm kv |dm ngjjl jc bi{ n}vkimvv bil pk|dj}| k| ij n}vkimvv fbi ~}i) Ckibifkbg bibg{vkv jc b fjhbi{ kv sm~{ lkcckf}g| bil |dm hjv| khj~|bi| |bva bil n{ ljki` |dkv pm b~m bngm |j aijp |dm pdjgm ckibifkbg jvk|kji bil ckibifkbg v|~}f|}~m jc |dm fjhbi{) Vkhg{ n{ gjjaki` b| djp h}fd fbvd b fjhbi{ dbv ljmv ij| ~jsklm mij}`d kicj~hb|kji) \dm ckibifkbg v|b|mhmi|v imml |j nm bibg{uml |j hmbv}~m b fjhbi{‛v m~cj~hbifm bil |j fjhb~m k| pk|d j|dm~ ck~h‛v ki |dm vbhm kil}v|~{) \dm ~mv}g|ki` kicj~hb|kji kv ki|milml |j nm }vmc}g |j jpim~v' j|mi|kbg kismv|j~v' f~mlk|j~v' bibg{v|v' bil j|dm~v bv |dm bibg{vkv msbg}b|mv |dm bv| m~cj~hbifm' c}|}~m j|mi|kbg bil ckibifkbg jvk|kji jc |dm ck~h) \dkv ~mj~| kv bi bibg{vkv jc ckibifkbg v|b|mhmi|v jc _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m) \dkv ~mj~| dbv nmmi ~mb~ml pk|d bi jnemf|ksm |j lmsmgj bibg{|kfbg vakggv ~mr}k~ml |j ki|m~~m| |dm kicj~hb|kji $mtgkfk| bv pmgg bv khgkfk|+ ~jsklml n{ |dm ckibifkbg v|b|mhmi|v bil |j hmbv}~m |dm fjhbi{‛v m~cj~hbifm l}~ki` |dm bv| cmp {mb~v k)m) >??< |j >??4) \dm ckibifkbg v|b|mhmi|v b~m bibg{uml }vki` |~blk|kjibg msbg}b|kji |mfdikr}mv v}fd bv dj~kuji|bg bibg{vkv' sm~|kfbg bibg{vkv bil |~mil bibg{vkv) ^b|kjv b~m bi khj~|bi| |jjg ki bibg{uki` |dm ckibifkbg v|b|mhmi|v # |dm fjhbi{‛v ~jck|bnkgk|{' vjgsmif{ # gkr}klk|{) Vkifm~m b||mh|v dbsm nmmi hblm |j hbam |dkv ~mj~| m~~j~ c~mm n}| kc bi{ m~~j~v bil jhkvvkjiv b~m cj}il |dmi pm bjgj`kum cj~ |db|)

^bnkb Fdb}ldb~{


6 jc 264 264


\BNGM JC FJI\BI\V

V~) Ij) 2 > 6 < = 3 0 4 ; 2? 22

Lmvf~kp|kji Mtmf}|ksm V}hhb~{ Ki|~jl}f|kji |j |dm Fjhbi{ Ckibifkbg ^b|kj Bibg{vkv Bf|ksk|{ Bibg{vkv jc Fjhbi{ Gkr}klk|{ Bibg{vkv jc Fjhbi{ _~jck|bnkgk|{ Bibg{vkv jc Fjhbi{ Kismv|j~v Bibg{vkv jc Fjhbi{ Gji` \m~h Bibg{vkv jc Fjhbi{ Fjifg}vkji ^mfjhhmilb|kji Nkngkj`~bd{


_b`m Ij) 3 ; =0 =4 30 0= 44 ;3 2 ?< 2 ?3 2 ?4

< jc 264 264


\BNGM JC BIIMT]^M V~) Ij) K KK KKK KS S SK SK K SK K K KT T TK

Lmvf~kp|kji V}hhb~kuml Nbgbifm Vdmm| V}hhb~kuml Kifjhm V|b|mhmi| Dj~kuji|bg Bibg{vkv jc Kifjhm V|b|mhmi| Sm~|kfbg Bibg{vkv jc Kifjhm V|b|mhmi| Dj~kuji|bg Bibg{vkv jc Nbgbifm Vdmm| Sm~|kfbg Bibg{vkv jc Nbgbifm Vdmm| Bf|ksk|{ Bibg{vkv jc Fjhbi{ Gkr}klk|{ Bibg{vkv jc Fjhbi{ _~jck|bnkgk|{ Bibg{vkv jc Fjhbi{ Kismv|j~v Bibg{vkv jc Fjhbi{ Gji` \m~h Bibg{vkv jc Fjhbi{


_b`m Ij) 2 2? 2 2> 2 26 2 2< 2 2= 2 20 2 2; 2 >6 2 >3 2 6> 2 6=

= jc 264 264


MTMF]\KSM V]HHB^[ Bhj}i| ki \dj}vbilv


3 jc 264 264

V^ IJ) 2 >

6

<

=

3

LMVF^K_\KJI \dm Fjhpbi{ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m Fjilmivml Kifjhm >??4 >??0 V|b|mhmi| B) Im| vbgmv 2>'>><'00; ;'?>4'36= N) @~jvv ~jck| ;<6'>;; 2'2;;'>06 F) Jm~b|ki` ~jck| ';<4 Im| p~jck| $2;='4>=+ <'6>=';<4 Fjilmivml Nbgbifm Vdmm| >??4 >??0 3';>6'<32 <'460' B) \j|bg f}~~mi| bvvm|v N) \j|bg iji(f}~~mi| bvvm|v >4>'432 2?'<26'?=? >0'4>4'622 24'240';;2 F) \j|bg cktml bvvm|v 6='?6<'366 66'<64'<<6 \j|bg bvvm|v B) \j|bg vdj~|(|m~h 4'6?<''6<3'=?? gkbnkgk|kmv L) \j|bg jpim~v mr}k|{ 23'>0>'=0> 24'20?'00> \j|bg gkbnkgk|kmv bil 6='?6<'366 66'<64'<<6 jim~'v Mr}k|{ Bf|ksk|{ ^b|kj >??4 >??0 B*^ \}~ijsm~$|khmv+ 4)3; 4)=3 B`ki` Jc B*^$Lb{v+ <2);4 <>)3= 6)?< 6)2? Kismi|j~{ \}~ijsm~$\khmv+ Lb{v Vbgm ki 2>? 224 Kismi|j~{$Lb{v+ Pj~aki` Fbk|bg ;)63 6)2< \}~ijsm~$\khmv+ F}~~mi| Bvv|m 2)0> 2)04 \}~ijsm~$\khmv+ Cktml Bvvm|v \}~ijsm~$\khmv+ ?)=6 ?)=0 \j|bg Bvvm| ?)63 ?)6> \}~ijsm~$\khmv+ Gkr}klk|{ ^b|kj >??4 >??0 F}~~mi| ^b|kj 2)>6 52 >)<3 52 R}kfa ^b|kj ?)<6 52 2)33 52 Fbvd ^b|kj ?)?< 52 ?)?= 52 Fbvd Cgjp C~jh Jm~b|kjiv ?)>6 52 ?)3< 52 ^b|kj Jm~b|ki` F{fgm$lb{v+ 23> 23? Pj~aki` Fbk|bg ^b|kj 2'6?3'=44 >'40>'?>2 _~jck|bnkgk|{ ^b|kjv >??4 >??0 @~jvv _~jck| Hb~`ki$-b`m+ 0)0>26)>4Jm~b|ki` _~jck| V|b|mhmi| Bibg{vkv Ckibifkbg 6)6>4)2>Hb~`ki$-b`m+

LB\B

>??3

>??=

0'4<3'=;; 0'?;4'03= 2'>;<'3?< 2'6=>';0; ;24'>=> ;;='04> 3'6<0'4;';>= 3'2??'04? 2'?2='63< >??3 >??= 6'<2<'>>> <'==4'060 3'?>4'3>? 00='630 26'>6?'36< 3'>43'6?? >>'306'<03 22'3>?'
>??<

=';43';00 2'6?4'3?> 406'2 ;=0'=?> >??< >'<><'420 0=='2>3 6'>;<'=<6 3'<0<'<43

344'<==

=<0'<34

=>0'6;?

344'<==

=<0'<34

=>0'6;?

3'???'???

2'???'4=2

3'6=2

26'30>'0;0

0'063'>==

<'2;2'43?

>>'306'<03 22'3>?'
3'<0<'<43

>??3 ;)00 60)6= 6)=3

>??= ;);3 63)3< 6)4?

>??< ;)6= 6;)?= 6)20

2?6

;3

22=

0)2>

6)2;

4)43

>)2?

2)<2

>)>?

?)4?

2)<4

2)4>

?)<3

?)04

?);>

>??3 2)<4 52 2)3? 52 ?)?= 52

>??= 2);= 52 >);< 52 ?)43 52

>??< 2)6; 52 2)3< 52 ?)?4 52

?)== 52

?)=; 52

?)06 52

2??3 23)=?-

266 >'>>>';?0 >??= 2;)?3-

2=< 30=';6> >??< >2)430 jc 264 264

22)0?-

2<)?6-

2<)=;-



4 jc 264 264


FJH_BI[ _^JCKGM

_bfab`ki` Gkhk|ml pbv nj~i j}| jc b l~mbh |j vm| } ki _bakv|bi kil}v|~kmv jc mtfmg mtfmggm gmif ifmm nbvml nbvml ji gjfb gjfbgg ~bp ~bp hb|m hb|m~k ~kbg bg bil bil |bgm |bgmi|) i|) _bfa _bfab` b`mv mv Gkhk Gkhk|m |ml l kv b gmblki` bfab`ki` bfab`ki` hbi}cbf|}~k hbi}cbf|}~ki` i` fjhbi{ jc _bakv|bi) _bakv|bi) K| kv |dm vjgm gb~`mv| kil}v|~{ ki _bakv|bi) V{ml Nbnm~ Bgk Vdbd' pdj pbv |dm ck~v| hbib`ki` lk~mf|j~ jc _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml' pmi| |j Vpmlmi ki 2;=< |j im`j|kb|m |dm fji|~bf| pk|d BN Bam~gbil # ^b}vki` jc Vpmlmi) BN Bam~gbil bil ^b}vki` dbl nmmi |dm gmblki` bm~ fjism~|m~v ki M}~jm) _bakv|bikv immlml |mfdikfbg fjggbnj~b|kji pk|d pk|d |dmk~ |dmk~ Vpml Vpmlkvd kvd b~| b~|im im~v) ~v) Ki |dm nm`ki nm`kiiki iki`' `' |dm |dm ck~v| ck~v| ~jn ~jngmh gmh pbv pbv |dm |dm vmgmf|kji jc |dm vk|m) Ckibgg{' Gbdj~m pbv vmgmf|ml l}m |j |dm cjggjpki` ~mbvjiv5

•

Mbv{ bsbkgbnkgk|{ jc pj~am~v)

•

Mbv{ bsbkgbnkgk|{ jc ~bp hb|m~kbg)

•

Mbv{ |~bivj~|b|kji bgg jsm~ |dm fj}i|~{)

B N Bam~g}il # ^b}vki` bfab`ki` fjhbi{ n~j}`d| hbfdkim~{ bil mtm~| |mfdikfkbiv pdkgm |dm Bgk Cbhkg{ ~jsklml |dm imfmvvb~{ fbk|bg' gbil' gbnj~' gjfbg gjfbg mtm~ mtm~|kv |kvmm bil bil hbib hbib`mh `mhmi| mi|)) V{ml V{ml Nbnm Nbnm~~ Bgk pbv pbv |dm |dm ck~v ck~v|| Hbib` Hbib`ki` ki` Lk~mf|j~) Mv|bngkvdml ki 2;=3 bv b ejki| smi|}~m nm|pmmi |dm Bgk @~j} jc _bakv|bi bil Bam~g Bam~g}i }il l bil bil ^b}vk ^b}vki` i` jc Vpml Vpmlmi mi'' _bfa _bfab` b`mv mv Gkhk Gkhk|m |ml l ~js ~jsklm klmvv ~mh ~mhk}h k}h bfab`ki` vjg}|kjiv cj~ mtfm|kjibg sbg}m |j kilkskl}bgv bil n}vkimvvmv) K| kv |dm jig{ bfab`ki` bfab`ki` cbfkgk|{ ki _bakv|bi _bakv|bi jccm~ki` b fjhgm|m fjhgm|m ~bi`m jc bfab`ki` bfab`ki` vjg}|kji vjg}|kjivv kifg}lk kifg}lki` i` jccvm| jccvm| ~ki|ml ~ki|ml fb~|jiv fb~|jiv'' vdkki vdkki` ` fji|bki fji|bkim~v m~v bil cgmtkng cgmtkngmm


; jc 264 264


bfab` bfab`ki` ki` hb|m~k hb|m~kbgv bgv |j kilkskl} kilkskl}bgv bgv bil n}vkimv n}vkimvvmv vmv pj~gl( pj~gl(pklm pklm)) K|v fgkmi| fgkmi|mgm mgm kifg}lmv kgg}v|~kj}v ibhmv v}fd bv ]ikgmsm~ bil _bakv|bi \jnbffj Fjhbi{' pdj dbsm nmmi k|v f}v|jhm~v cj~ jsm~ =? {mb~v) K| mhgj{v jsm~ 6??? mjgm bil dbl vbgmv jc jsm~ ]V , 263 hkggkji ki >??=) Gkv| Gkv|ml ml ji bgg bgg |d~m |d~mmm v|jf v|jfa a mtfd mtfdbi bi`m `mvv ki _bak _bakv| v|bi bi'' _bfa _bfab` b`mv mv Gkhk Gkhk|m |ml l dbv dbv hbki|bkiml b gji`(|khm f~mlk| ~b|ki` jc BB) K|v ejki| smi|}~mv bil n}vkimvv bggkbifmv pk|d vjhm jc |dm pj~glv nk``mv| ibhmv ~mcgmf| k|v cj~pb~l(gjjaki` v|~b|m`{ jc fji|ki}j}vg{ kh~jski` f}v|jhm~ sbg}m |d~j}`d kh~jsmhmi|v ki ~jl}f|ksk|{) _bfab`mv dbsm bgpb{v nmmi b| |dm cj~mc~ji| jc imp lmsmgjhmi|v ki bfab`ki` ~mvmb~fd bil dbsm kjimm~ml vmsm~bg kiijsb|kjiv' kifg}lki` |dm }vm jc pdmb| v|~bp bv b ~bp hb|m~kbg hb|m~kbg cj~ bm~ bil njb~l hbi}cbf|}~m) hbi}cbf|}~m) K|v ji(vk|m bm~ bil njb~ njb~l l hkgg' hkgg' mv|bn mv|bngkv gkvdm dml l ki 2; 2;34 34'' dbv dbv fjiv| fjiv|bi bi|g{ |g{ kif~ kif~mb mbvm vml l k|v ~jl} ~jl}f| f|kji kji fbbfk|{) B imp gbi| pk|d msmi `~mb|m~ fbbnkgk|kmv kv gbiiml cj~ |dm imb~ c}|}~m)

JSM^ \DM [MB^V Jsm~ |dm {mb~v' _bfab`mv dbv fji|ki}ml |j midbifm k|v cbfkgk|kmv |j hmm| |dm `~jpki` lmhbil jc bfab`ki` ~jl}f|v) _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml v|b~|ml jpm~b|ki` ki Hb{ 2;=0 pk|d b bkl } fbk|bg jc ^v) <);< hkggkji hkggkji bv b ejki| smi|}~m nm|pmmi |dm Bgk `~j} bil Bam~gbil # ^b}vki` jc Vpmlmi) Kik|kbgg Kik|kbgg{' {' _bfab`m _bfab`mvv ~jl}fml ~jl}fml fb~|jiv fb~|jiv cj~ |dm fk`b~m| fk`b~m||m' |m' |mb' |mb' fjicmf| fjicmf|kjim kjim~{' ~{' vjb' vjb' db~hbfm}|kfbg db~hbfm}|kfbg ~jl}f|v ~jl}f|v bil j|dm~ fjiv}hm~ ~jl}f|v) ~jl}f|v) \dmvm fb~|jiv fb~|jiv pm~m ~jl}fml c~jh bm~ bil njb~l v}gkml c~jh hkggv ki Fdk||bfji`' Ad}gib' Fdb~vbllb bil _mvdb _mvdbpb pb~) ~) Djpm Djpmsm~ sm~ |dm |dm r}bgk r}bgk|{ |{ bil bil r}bi|k r}bi|k|{ |{ jc bm~ bm~ bil njb~l njb~l v}gk v}gkml ml pbv pbv


2? jc 264 26 4


kiv}cckfkmi|) Jsm~ |dm {mb~v' |dm fjhbi{ fji|ki}ml |j midbifm k|v cbfkgk|kmv |j hmm| |dm `~jpki` `~jpki` lmhbil lmhbil jc bfab`ki bfab`ki` ` ~jl}f|v ~jl}f|v)) Bllk|kji Bllk|kjibg bg fbk|bg fbk|bg pbv ~bkvml ~bkvml c~jh vjivj~v' Ki|m~ib|kjibg Ckibifm Fj~j~b|kji bil c~jh |dm }ngkf ki hbaki` |dm |j|bg bkl } fbk|bg |j ^v) 62 hkggkji ki 2;3=) Bv b ck~v| v|m' _bfab`mv fjhhkvvkjiml fjhhkvvkjiml k|v jpi bm~ hkgg ki 2;34 dbski` ~jl}f|kji fbbfk|{ jc ><'??? |jiv jc bm~ # bm~ njb~l nbvml ji pbv|m bm~' b`~kf}g|}~bg pbv|m' pdmb| v|~bp bil abdk `~bvv) Gkhk|ml dbv dbl b ejki| smi|}~m pk|d \m|~b _ba Ki|m~ib|kjibg Ki|m~ib|kjibg ki Vkifm 2;4>' _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml \m|~b _ba _bakv|bi Gkhk|ml |j hbi}cbf|}~m hbi}cbf|}~m bm~njb~l cj~ gkr}kl cjjl bfab`ki` bil |j hb~am| \m|~b _ba bfab`ki` mr}khmi|) _bfab`mv fjhhkvvkjiml k|v jpi bm~ hkgg pk|d b ~jl}f|kji fbbfk|{ jc ><'??? |jiimv ki 2;34) \dm hkgg ~jl}fmv bm~ bil bm~njb~l nbvml ji pbv|m bm~ bil b`~kf}g|}~bg n{(~jl}f|v gkam pdmb| v|~bp bil ~ksm~ `~bvv) Pk|d `~jpki` lmhbil |dm fbbfk|{ pbv kif~mbvml m~kjlkfbgg{ bil ki >??6 pbv imb~g{ 2??'??? |jiimv m~ {mb~) Ki 2;;6' b ejki| smi|}~m b`~mmhmi| pbv vkìml pk|d Hk|v}nkvdk Fj~j~b|kji jc Ebbi

cj~ |dm hbi}cbf|}~m hbi}cbf|}~m jc _jg{~j{gmim _jg{~j{gmim ckghv b| |dm Kil}v|~kbg Kil}v|~kbg Mv|b|m ki Db||b~' IPC_) IPC_) \dkv ~jemf|' fbggml \~k(_bfa Ckghv Gkhk|ml' fjhhmifml ~jl}f|kji ki 2;;= pk|d mr}k| mr}k|{ { b~|k b~|kfk fkb|k b|kji ji n{ _bfab _bfab`mv `mv Gkhk Gkhk|ml |ml'' Hk|v} Hk|v}nkv nkvdk dk Fj~j~ Fj~j~b| b|kji kji'' Bg|bp Bg|bpcm cmma ma Fjhbi{ cj~ Kismv|hmi| C}ilv' Vb}lk B~bnkb bil |dm }ngkf) _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml jpiv 66- jc \~k(_bfa Ckghv Gkhk|mlv mr}k|{) Ki 2;;<' Fjb|mv Gj~kggm}t _bakv|bi Gkhk|ml' ki pdkfd _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml dbv ==-

jpim~vdk' fjhhmifml ~jl}f|kji bil vbgm jc ~ki|ki` kiav) Ki 2;;3' b ejki| smi|}~m b`~mmhmi| pbv vkìml pk|d _~ki|fb~m $Fm{gji+ Gkhk|ml cj~ |dm

~jl}f|kji jc cgmtkngm bfab`ki` hb|m~kbgv ki V~k Gbiab) _bfab`mv Gbiab $_~ksb|m+ Gkhk|ml fjhhmifml ~jl}f|kji ki 2;;4) _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml ijp jpiv 0;- jc |dkv fjhbi{) Ki 2;;;(>???' _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml v}ffmvvc}gg{ fjhgm|ml |dm mtbivkji jc |dm cgmtkngm

bfab`ki` gkim n{ kiv|bggki` b imp ~j|j`~bs}~m ~ki|ki` hbfdkim bil mtbilml |dm fb~|ji gkim n{ bllki` b imp Gmhbikf Gmhbikf ~j|j`~bs}~m kigkim ~ki|ki` bil f}||ki` f~mbvki` hbfdkim) B imp 4(fjgj~ Cgmtj`~bdkf ~ki|ki` hbfdkim pbv bgvj kiv|bggml ki |dm Cgmtkngm N}vkimvv ]ik| ki >??2) _bfab`mv _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gkhk|ml dbv bgvj v|b~|ml v|b~|ml ~jl}fki ~jl}fki` ` fj~~}`b| fj~~}`b|ml ml njtmv njtmv c~jh k|v gbi| gbi| ki Ab~bfdk c~jh >??>)


22 jc 264 26 4

_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m Ki >??6' _bfab`mv mi|m~ml ki|j bi b`~mmhmi| pk|d Skhmt jc B}v|~kb |j ~jsklm

hbib`mhmi| bil |mfdikfbg bvvkv|bifm |j dmg ki |dm jm~b|kji' ~jl}f|kji j|khkub|kji bil fbbfk|{ mtbivkji jc b bm~njb~l hkgg ki V{~kb) B |mbh c~jh _bfab`mv kv f}~~mi|g{ ~jsklki` |dmvm vm~skfmv bil kv fgjvm |j j|khkuki` hkgg ~jl}f|kji) B| |dm hjhmi| _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gkhk|ml dbl = _bm~ Hbfdkimv1 Hbfdkimv1 cj}~ cj~ bm~ # njb~l bil jim cj~ |kvv}m) \dm N}ggmd Vdbd _~jemf| 5 _bfab`mv kv gbiiki` |j ~mgjfb|m k|v bm~ hbi}cbf|}~ki`

cbfkgk|kmv c~jh |dm mtkv|ki` gjfb|kji' pdkfd dbv gkhk|ml fbbfk|{ cj~ mtbivkji' |j b imp vk|m =< ah c~jh |dm ~mvmi| jim) \dkv pkgg mibngm }v |j ~blkfbgg{ kif~mbvm j}~ bm~ bil bm~njb~l ~jl}f|kji c~jh 2??'??? |j 6??'??? |jiimv m~ {mb~) \dm bfab`ki` jm~b|kji vdbgg fji|ki}m fjif}~~mi|g{ b| |dm Gbdj~m vk|m)

HKVVKJI V\B\MHMI\ \J NM

•

B hb~am| gmblm~ n{ ~jsklki` r}bgk|{ ~jl}f|v bil v}m~kj~ vm~skfm |j j}~ f}v|jhm~v' f}v|jhm~v' pdkgm gmb~iki` c~jh |dmk~ cmmlnbfa |j vm| msmi dk`dm~ v|bilb~lv cj~ j}~ ~jl}f|v)

•

B fjhbi{ |db| fji|ki}j}vg{ fji|ki}j}vg{ midbifmv k|v v}m~kj~ |mfdijgj`kfbg |mfdijgj`kfbg fjhm|mifm |j ~jsklm kiijsb|ksm vjg}|kjiv |j fb|m~ |j f}v|jhm~ immlv)

•

B fjhbi{ |db| b||~bf|v bil ~m|bkiv j}|v|bilki` mjgm n{ f~mb|ki` b f}g|}~m |db| cjv|m~v jmiimvv bil kiijsb|kji' ~jhj|mv kilkskl}bg `~jp|d' bil ~mpb~lv kik|kb|ksm bil m~cj~hbifm)

•

B fjhbi{ pdkfd fjhnkimv k|v mjgm' |mfdijgj`{' hbib`mhmi| v{v|mhv' bil hb~am| jj~|}ik|kmv jj~|}ik|kmv |j bfdkmsm ~jck|bngm ~jck|bngm `~jp|d pdkgm ~jsklki` cbk~ ~m|}~iv |j k|v vdb~mdjglm~v)


2> jc 264 26 4

_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m •

B fjhbi{ |db| milmbsj~v |j vm| |dm dk`dmv| v|bilb~lv ki fj~j~b|m m|dkfv ki vm~ski` |dm vjfkm|{)

Fjhpbi{ FJ^M SBG]MV

]ilm~g{ki` msm~{|dki` _bfab`mv ljmv bil msm~{|dki` k| nmgkmsmv ki kv b vm| jc fj~m sbg}mv) \dmvm `}klm k| |j lmbg pk|d msm~{ bvmf| jc bi{ kvv}m k| hk`d| mifj}i|m~ ki k|v m~vjibg bil ~jcmvvkjibg gksmv) \dmvm sbg}mv dmg _bfab`mv `~jp kivklm bil j}|vklm' m~vjibgg{ bil bv bi j~`bikub|kji)

•

Vhb~| @jsm~ibifm

_bfab`mv kv fjhhk||ml fjhhk||ml |j ~}iiki` k|v n}vkimvv v}ffmvvc}gg{ v}ffmvvc}gg{ bil mcckfkmi|g{' mcckfkmi|g{' ~jsklki` gji` |m~h nmimck|v |j k|v mhgj{mmv bil vdb~mdjglm~v' bil mi~kfdki` mi~kfdki` |dm gksmv jc |djvm pdjh k| vm~smv n{ c}gckggki` j}~ fj~j~b|m ~mvjivknkgk|{ |j |dm nmv| jc j}~ bnkgk|{) K| mtmf|v mtfmggmifm c~jh bgg ~jfmvvmv' pdm|dm~ |dm{ ~mgb|m |j jgkf{ cj~hb|kji bil bffj}i|ki` ~jfml}~mv j~ ~jl}f| lmsmgjhmi| bil f}v|jhm~ vm~skfm)

•

Pj~a Misk~jihmi|

\dm jgkfkmv bil fj~m sbg}mv b~m bkhml |jpb~lv f~mb|ki` bi kicj~hbg {m| v|kh}gb|ki` |mbh(j~kmi|ml pj~a misk~jihmi| pk|d b f}g|}~m jc vdb~ki` bil jmi fjhh}ikfb|kji) K| fdm~kvdmv |dm lksm~vk|{ jc skmpjki| jc msm~{ kilkskl}bg) Bgg mhgj{mmv dbsm |dm ~k`d| |j b v|~mvv( bil kie}~{(c~mm kie}~{(c~mm pj~a misk~jihmi|) _bfab`mv _bfab`mv miv}~m mhgj{mm vbcm|{ bil dmbg|d n{ ~jsklki` sb~kj}v ki(dj}vm cbfkgk|kmv v}fd bv b `{h bil hbaki` v}~m |db| bgg v|bcc }ilm~v|bil bil }djgl j}~ vbcm|{ jgkf{) Bgg k|v mhgj{mmv b~m m~hk||ml bil mifj}~b`ml |j bccj~l |khm bil b||mi|kji |j m~vjibg fjifm~iv)


26 jc 264 26 4


•

J}~ _mjpgm

\dm v}ffmvv jc bi{ j~`bikub|kji kv gb~`mg{ lmmilmi| ji |dm mjgm pj~aki` cj~ k|) Mbfd hmhnm~ jc |dm |mbh kv fjivklm~ml mr}bgg{ khj~|bi| bil ~jsklml fjiv|bi| |~bkiki` |~bkiki`'' hj|ksb| hj|ksb|kji kji bil `}klbifm `}klbifm)) _bfab`mv _bfab`mv dbv b lmlkfb|m lmlkfb|ml l v|bcc v|bcc jc |dm dk`dmv| dk`dmv| fbgknm~ lmlkfb|ml |j hbaki` j}~ n}vkimvv b v}ffmvv) K| miv}~m miv}~mvv |db| |db| msm~{ msm~{ mhg mhgj{ j{mm mm dbv |dm |dm j jj~| j~|}ik }ik|{ |{ cj~ hbtk hbtkh} h}h h ~jcmv ~jcmvvkj vkjibg ibg lmsmgjhmi|) lmsmgjhmi|) \j bfdkmsm |dkv `jbg' k| vmmav |j ~jsklm fdbggmi`ki` pj~a ~jvmf|v cj~ bgg mhgj{mmv) Mbfd m~vji kv fjhmivb|ml bil ~mpb~lml cj~ dkv j~ dm~ m~cj~hbifm bil db~l pj~a ji b v|~kf| hm~k| nbvkv)

•

Fjivm~sb|kji

_bfab`mv mtmf|v bil mifj}~b`mv k|v mhgj{mmv |j bf|ksmg{ b~|kfkb|m ki fjhh}ik|{ vm~skfm bil |j |bam fb~m jc |dm misk~jihmi| mi|~}v|ml |j }v bv fk|kumiv vdb~ki` |dm mb~|dv ~mvj}~fmv)

•

F}v|jhm~ Vb|kvcbf|kji

_bfab _bfab`mv `mv kv f}v|jh f}v|jhm~( m~(l~k l~ksm smi1 i1 k| `jmv `jmv |dm |dm mt|~b mt|~b hkgm hkgm |j hbam hbam v}~m v}~m j}~ fgkm fgkmi|v i|v mtmf|b|kjiv mtmf|b|kjiv b~m hm| bil mtfmmlml ji msm~{ kvv}m) K| b~|im~v pk|d gmblki` fjhbikmv |j b~h k|vmg k|vmgcc pk|d pk|d |dm gb|mv gb|mv|| |mfdi |mfdijgj jgj`{ `{ bil ~jsk ~jsklm lm f}v|j f}v|jhm hm~v ~v pk|d pk|d kiijs kiijsb| b|ks ksmm vjg}|kjiv ki |dm hjv| fjv|(mccmf|ksm hbiim~ bsbkgbngm)

•

M|dkfbg nmdbskj~

_bfab`mv hbamv k| fgmb~ |db| nmki` b vkifm~m' djimv| bil lmfmi| d}hbi nmki` |bamv ~mfmlmifm ~mfmlmifm jsm~ msm~{|dki` msm~{|dki` mgvm) Ki |dm _bfab`mv cbhkg{' |dm~m kv bi bgg(~j}il ~mvmf| cj~ mglm~v' |jgm~bifm cj~ mr}bgv bil bccmf|kji cj~ {j}i`v|m~v) Hbib`m~v b~m mtmf|ml |j gmbl c~jh |dm c~ji|' c~ji|' |~bki |~bki e}ikj~ e}ikj~ fjggmb`} fjggmb`}mv mv |d~j}`d |d~j}`d lmgm`b| lmgm`b|kji' kji' ~mvjgsm ~mvjgsm fjicgkf fjicgkf|v |v vmmlkg{' nm skvkngm b| bgg |khmv bil bf| bv ~jgm hjlmgv cj~ j|dm~v) K| hbamv v}~m |db| bgg k|v ~jfmvvmv bil hm|djlv fjicj~h |j |dm dk`dmv| klmbgv jc ~jcmvv ~jcmvvkjib kjibgg nmdbskj~ nmdbskj~)) \dm j~`bikub j~`bikub|kji |kjibg bg v|~}f|}~ v|~}f|}~mm kv v|~bk`d| v|~bk`d|(cj~ (cj~pb~ pb~l l bil imml( imml( nbvml1 bffj}i|bnkgk|{ kv |~bivb~mi|' fjivkv|mi| bil nj|d dj~kuji|bg bil sm~|kfbg)


2< jc 264 26 4


FJ^_J^B\M V\^]F\]^M _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml dbv |d~mm hbki hbi}cbf|}~ki` lkskvkjiv5 •

\dm _bm~ bil Njb~l Lkskvkji' pdkfd hbi}cbf|}~mv bm~ bil njb~l c~jh b hkt|}~m jc pjjl' }g bil j|dm~ ~bp hb|m~kbgv' bil |~mb|v mccg}mi|

•

\dm _bfab`ki` Lkskvkji' pdkfd |bamv hb|m~kbgv c~jh |dm _bm~ bil Njb~l Lkskvkji bil fjism~|v f}v|jhm~ klmbv ki|j ckikvdml ~jl}f|v

•

\dm Fjiv}hm~ _~jl}f|v Lkskvkji' pdkfd hbi}cbf|}~mv jcc(|dm(vdmgc n~bilml fjiv}hm~ ~jl}f|v

_bfab`mv Gbiab kv b ejki| smi|}~m nm|pmmi _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml bil |dm _~ki| Fb~m @~j} jc V~k Gbiab' bil LKF _bakv|bi b ejki| smi|}~m nm|pmmi _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gkhk|ml bil Lbkikji Kia bil Fdmhkfbgv' Kif) jc Ebbi)


2= jc 264 26 4


J]^ _MJ_GM _mjgm b~m am{ cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml) K| bf|ksmg{ vmmav bil ~m|bkiv mjgm pdj cmmg |dm~m kv ij fjh~jhkvki` ji mtfmggmifm' bil b fj~j~b|m f}g|}~m ki pdkfd k|v cbhkg{ fbi `~jp bil |d~ksm) Dmblki` b h}g|k(|bgmi|ml |mbh kv k|v gmblm~vdk jc mtm~kmifml vmikj vmikj~~ hbib hbib`mh `mhmi| mi|)) \j \j`m| `m|dm~ dm~'' |dm{ |dm{ aij aijp p djp |j fjhnki fjhnkimm bgg bgg |dmk |dmk~~ vakgg vakggvv bil aijpgml`m |j lmgksm~ v|b|m(jc(|dm(b~| vjg}|kjiv |j k|v f}v|jhm~v)

NJB^L JC LK^MF\J^V

Bv bl}g gbd Adb pbe b

Abhbg Bcvb~

Vdbhkh Bdhbl Adbi

$Fdb k~hb i+

H}e mmn ^bv dkl Adbgkl [bfjn

V{ml D{lm~ Bgk $Hbib`ki` Lk~mf|j~+

Ak~v|mi ^b}vki`

V{ml Vdbdkl Bgk

Hb~aa} E}db _mi|kabkimi

\b~kr Krnbg Adbi

BLSKVJ^ V{ml Nbnb~ Bgk


FJH_BI[ VMF^M\B^[ Blk E) Fbpbvek

23 jc 264 26 4

_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m MTMF]\KSM FJHHK\\MM

B]LK\ FJHHK\\MM Vdbhkh Bdhbl Adbi ( Fdbk~hbi $Iji(Mtmf}|ksm Lk~mf|j~+ \b~kr Krnbg Adbi ( Hmhnm~ $Iji(Mtmf}|ksm Lk~mf|j~+ V{ml Vdbdkl Bgk ( Hmhnm~ $Iji(Mtmf}|ksm Lk~mf|j~+ H}emmn ^bvdkl ( Hmhnm~ $Lk~mf|j~ # @mim~bg Hbib`m~+ Blk E) Fbpbvek ‖ Vmf~m|b~{

V{ml D{lm~ Bgk ( Fdbk~hbi H}emmn ^bvdkl ( Hmhnm~ Adbgkl [bfjn ( Hmhnm~

N]VKIMVV BGGKBIFMV Jim jc |dm nmv| pb{v cj~ b n}vkimvv |j gmsm~b`m k|v ~jl}f|v bil kif~mbvm `~jp|d kv |d~j}`d bvvjfkb|kji) K|v n}vkimvv bggkbifmv dmg hbib`m n}vkimvv hj~m mccmf|ksmg{' bv pmgg bv dmgki` k| bil k|v b~|im~v lmsmgj bil lksm~vkc{ j}~ ki|m~ ki|m~mv mv|v) |v) F}v|j F}v|jhm hm~v ~v bgvj bgvj nmim nmimck ck|| c~jh c~jh |dm |dm kif~ kif~mb mbvm vml l aij aijpg pgml ml`m `m nbvm nbvm'' bv _bfa _bfab` b`mv mv |~bi |~bivc vcj~ j~h h k|v k|v hb~a hb~am| m| bpb~ bpb~mi mimv mvvv bil bil vdb~ vdb~ml ml |mfd |mfdij ijgj gj`{ `{ ki|j ki|j kiijsb|ksm bil fjv| mccmf|ksm vjg}|kjiv cj~ f}v|jhm~v) \dm _bfab`mv @~j} kv ~j}l jc k|v gji` v|bilki` im|pj~a jc c~kmilv bil cbhkg{' pk|d am{ n}vkimvv b~|im~v bv lksm~vm bv _~ki| Fb~m' Fjfb(Fjgb' \m|~b _ba bil Hk|v}nkvdk Fj~j~b|kji)

Imv|gm Hkgapba G|l $IHG+

Hkgaba pbv mv|bngkvdml ki 2;42) K| fjggmf|v hkga c~jh c~jh |dm |dm ~}~b ~}~bgg b~mb b~mbv' v' ~jf ~jfmv mvvm vmvv k| n{ |dm ]D\ ]D\ hm|djl' bil vmggv k| ki \m|~b _ba fji|bkim~v) Ki 2;44' Imv|gm jc Vpk|um~gbil nj}`d| ki|j Hkgaba bil mtbilml k|v vfjm bil bf|ksk|kmv bf|ksk|kmv ( Imv|gm ijp


20 jc 264 26 4


jpiv =4- jc |dm migb~`ml fjhbi{) IHG vbgmv ki {mb {mb~ >? >??< ?< pm~ pm~m ^v) ^v) 2> 2>)4 )4 nkgg nkggkj kji i pk|d pk|d 2'=3 2'=3? ? mhgj{mmv)


24 jc 264 26 4


\m|~b _ba _bakv|bi G|l

\m|~ \m|~bb _ba _ba _bak _bakv| v|bi bi Gkhk Gkhk|m |ml l kv b ejki ejki|| smi| smi|}~ }~mm nm|pmmi

_bfab`mv

Gkhk| khk|mml

bil

\m|~b |~b

_ba

Ki|m Ki|m~i ~ib| b|kj kjib ibg' g' |dm |dm pj~g pj~gl lvv gmbl gmblki ki` ` gkr} gkr}kl kl cjjl cjjl bfab`ki` fjhbi{) K| pbv mv|bngkvdml ki 2;4>) \~k(_bfa Ckghv G|l

\~k(bfa hbi}cbf|}~mv NJ__ ckgh pk|d bi bii}bg fbbfk|{ jc 22'??? |jiimv) \~k(_bfa vbgmv ki >??< pm~m ^v)>)?= nkggkji) \dm i}hnm~ jc mhgj{mmv mhgj{mmv jc |dm fjhbi{ kv >>?) _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml dbv 66)6jpim~vdk pdkgm Hk|v}nkvdk Fj~j~b|kji jc Ebbi djglv >=- vdb~mv ki |dm fjhbi{) \dm Fjhbi{ dbv kif~mbvml k|v fbbfk|{ |j >3'??? |jiimv pk|d b imp gbi| ki _j~| Rbvkh' Ab~bfdk' pdkfd v|b~|ml ~jl}f|kji ki >??<)

LKF G|l

B ejki| smi|}~m nm|pmmi _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml $==-+ bil Lbkikji Kia bil Fdmhkfbgv Vki`bj~m _|m) Gkhk Gkhk|m |ml l $<= <=-+ -+)) LKF LKF Gkh Gkhk|ml k|ml dbv dbv bi bii} bii}bbg fbbfk|{ jc 6'?0= |jiimv jc ~ki|ki` kia) Vbgmv cj~ >??< pm~m ^v) 3
~ki|ki` ki`

kia

hbi} i}ccbf|}~ |}~ki`

`~j `~j} }vv

pj~glpklm)


2; jc 264 26 4


_bfab`mv Gbiab _S\) G|l

B ejki| ejki| smi| smi|}~ }~mm nm|pm nm|pmmi mi _bfa _bfab` b`mv mv Gkhk Gkhk|m |ml l bil _~ki| _~ki| fb~m fb~m $Fm{ $Fm{gji gji++ Gkhk|m Gkhk|ml l jc V~k V~k Gbia Gbiab) b) \d \dkv kv ~jemf| pbv vm| } cj~ |dm hbi}cbf|}~m jc cgmtkngm bfab`ki` hb|m~kbg) _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml jpiv 0;jc |dkv fjhbi{) _bfab`mv Gbiab _~ksb|m Gkhk|ml dbv dbv bi bii}b bii}bgg fbb fbbfk| fk|{ { jc ~jl ~jl}f }fki` ki` =< hkgg hkggkji kji hm|m~v cgmtkngm bfab`ki`) _bfab`mv Gbiab _~ksb|m Gkhk|ml dbl vbgmv jc _ba ^v) >3= hkggkji ki |dm {mb~ mb~ >? >??< ?<)) \d \dmm i} i}h hnm~ nm~ jc mhg mhgj{ j{mm mmvv jc |dm |dm fjhbi{ kv 2>>) Ki|m~ib|kjibg @mim~bg Kiv}~bifm Fjhpbi{ jc _bakv|bi G|l) $K@K+ K@K' K@K' |dm kiv}~ kiv}~bi bifm fm fjh fjhbi bi{ { jc |dm @~j} @~j}'' pbv pbv mv|bngkvdml ki 2;=6) K| dbl b `~jvv ~mhk}h jc ^v) <>6 hkggkji ki |dm {mb~ >??<) I}hnm~ jc mhg mhgj{ j{mm mmv5 v5 42 42)) ^mfm ^mfmi|g i|g{ { K@K K@K dbv dbv bfr} bfr}k~ k~ml ml |dm kiv}~bifm n}vkimvv jc _bakv|bi n~bifd jc ^j{bg # V}i Bggkbifm Kiv}~bifm _gf) Ck~v| Ki|m~ib|kjibg Kismv|hmi| Nbia G|l) $Ki|m~nbia+ Mv|b Mv|bng ngkv kvdm dml l ki 2; 2;;? ;?'' b ejki ejki|| smi| smi|}~ }~mm nm|p nm|pmm mmi i Bhm~kf Bhm~kfbi bi Mt~mv Mt~mvvv Nbia' Nbia' Ki|m~i Ki|m~ib|kj b|kjibg ibg Ckibif Ckibifmm Fj~ Fj~j~ j~b| b|kji kji'' bil bil |dm |dm _bfa _bfab` b`mv mv @~j} @~j} pk|d pk|d bi kvv}ml vdb~m fbk|bg jc ^v) ??6(> >?? 6(>?? ??< < |dm Nbia Nbia dbl dbl bi bc|m bc|m~( ~(|b |bt t ~jc ~jck| k| jc ^v)<> hkggkji) \dm i}hnm~ jc mhgj{mmv kv 46) Fjfb(Fjgb Nmsm~b`mv _bakv|bi G|l) _bfab`mv @~j} kv b hkij~ vdb~mdjglm~ ki Fjfb( Fjgb Fjgb Nmsm Nmsm~b ~b`m `mvv _bakv _bakv|b |bi i Gkhk Gkhk|ml |ml $FFN $FFN_G _G++ jc pdkfd pdkfd \dm Fjfb(F Fjfb(Fjgb jgb Fjhbi Fjhbi{1 {1 B|gbi|b B|gbi|b'' ])V)B) ])V)B) djglv ;>- vdb~mv)


>? jc 264 26 4


R]BGK\[ CJF]V Hbi}cb Hbi}cbf| f|}~k }~ki` i` |j r}bgk r}bgk|{ |{ ~jl}f ~jl}f|v |v dbv bgpb{ bgpb{vv nmmi nmmi |j ~kj~ ~kj~k| k|{ { cj~ _bfa _bfab`m b`mvv Gkhk|ml) \j bfdkmsm |dkv' k| dbv khgmhmi|ml vj}il mi`kimm~ki` jgkfkmv pdkfd pm b~m fjiv|bi|g{ kh~jski`) \jlb{' |dm klmb jc ~jfmvvmv kifg}lmv ij| jig{ hbi}cbf|}~ki` jgkfkmv jgkfkmv n}| bgvj n}vkimvv bil hbib`mhmi| ~jfmvvmv) V}j~|ki` V}j~|ki` |dmvm ~jfmvvmv b~m v|~ki`mi| r}bgk|{ bvv}~bifm ~jfml}~mv bil b fjh~mdmivksm v{v|mh jc ki|m~ibg b}lk|v)

DK@DGK@D\V  \dm j~`bikub|kji fjhgkmv pk|d |dm KVJ ;??2 v|bilb~l)  _bfab`mv pbv |dm 3|d fjhbi{ ki _bakv|bi |j blj| |dm KVJ vm~kmv bv k|v

r}bgk|{ v|bilb~l)  K| dbv =0 R}bgk|{ Kh~jsmhmi| \mbhv ki sb~kj}v lmb~|hmi|v |j miv}~m

fji|ki}j}v kh~jsmhmi| cjf}v ki |dm j~`bikub|kji)  Am{ m~cj~hbifm kilkfb|j~v $A_K+ fjifm|5 Mbfd lkskvkji ki |dm fjhbi{

vm|v VHB^\ $vmfkckf' hmbv}~bngm' bfdkmsbngm' ~mfj~lbngm bil |khm(nbvml+ |b~`m|v cj~ |dm bii}bg kh~jsmhmi| jc k|v am{ ~jfmvv b~bhm|m~v' ~mskmpml n{ |dm hbib`mhmi| msm~{ r}b~|m~)  K| dbv b fjh~mdmivksm vm| jc mi`kimm~ki` |jjgv' ~}gmv' ~jfmvvmv' |~bkiki`

hb|m~kbgv' `}klmgkimv' nmv| ~bf|kfmv bil j|dm~ v}j~|ki` ljf}hmi|v |j hbam v}~m j}~ ~jl}f|v fjhg{ pk|d msm~{ jvvkngm f}v|jhm~ ~mr}k~mhmi|)

Lm|bkgv jc KVJ fm~|kckfb|kji fm~|kckfb|kji

Ki fd~jijgj`kfbg j~lm~' N}vkimvv ]ik|v pm~m fm~|kckml ji |dm cjggjpki` lb|mv5

 \dm Cgmtkngm _bfab`ki` Lkskvkji pbv |dm ck~v| lkskvkji |j nm fm~|kckml }ilm~

KVJ ;??2 ki 2;;=) Ckibifkbg V|b|mhmi| Bibg{vkv

>2 jc 264 26 4

_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m  \dkv pbv cjggjpml n{ |dm fm~|kckfb|kji jc |dm Fb~|ji N}vkimvv ]ik| ki 2;;0'  \dm Fjiv}hm~ _~jl}f|v Lkskvkji ki 2;;4  \dm Fj~~}pbg N}vkimvv ]ik| ki 2;;;' bil  \dm _}g' _bm~ bil Njb~l Hkgg ki 2;;;)

N{ |dm {mb~ >???' |dm pdjgm j~`bikub|kji dbl nmmi fm~|kckml }ilm~ KVJ ;??2 bil b vmr}mifm jc bfr}k~ki` fm~|kckfb|kji ~mimpbgv dbl nmmi v}ffmvvc}gg{ }| ki|j gbfm)

Fji|ki}j}v Khp~jsmhmi|

\dm ck~v| KVJ ;??2 fm~|kckfb|kji ki 2;;= pbv bgvj hblm |dm nbvkv jc |dm }g|khb|m `jbg jc |j|bg r}bgk|{ hbib`mhmi|) Ki >???' |dm fjifm| jc R}bgk|{ Kh~jsmhmi| \mbhv $RK\+ pbv ki|~jl}fml ki sb~kj}v lmb~|hmi|v) \dm~m b~m =0 RK\v |jlb{' pj~aki` ji |dm Ebbimvm ~kifkgm jc fji|ki}j}v kif~mhmi|bg kh~jsmhmi| fbggml ABKUMI) \dmk~ m~cj m~cj~h ~hbif bifmm kv bgvj bgvj hjik| hjik|j~ j~ml ml r}b~| r}b~|m~g m~g{ { bil fbvd fbvd bpb~l bpb~lvv bil fm~|k fm~|kckf ckfb|m b|mvv jc bfdkmsmhmi| `ksmi |j |dm |j m~cj~hki` |mbh)

) ) ) Bil pdb| ljmv nmki` KVJ fm~|kckml hmbi:

 Midbifml ~jl}f| r}bgk|{ bil ~mgkbnkgk|{ b| b ~mbvjibngm ~kfm)  @~mb|m~ fjhb|knkgk|{ bil ki|m~jm~bnkgk|{ jc `jjlv)  Vkhgkckfb|kji cj~ kh~jsml }vbnkgk|{)  Kh~jsml dmbg|d' vbcm|{ bil misk~jihmi| ~j|mf|kji)  ^ml}f|kji jc pbv|m)  Kif~mbvml lkv|~kn}|kji mcckfkmif{ bil hbki|mibifm)

R]BGK\[ _JGKF[

Pm b| _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml b~m fjhhk||ml |j p~jl}fki` r}bgk|{ p~jl}f|v dkfd fjicj~h |j j}~ f}v|jhm~ ~mr}k~mhmi|v bil v|~mi`|dmi j}~ pjvk|kji bv b r}bgk|{(hbib`ml fjhpbi{) J}~ pgml`m kv |j p~jsklm |dm hb~am| k|d |dm nmv| r}bgk|{ p~jl}f|v b| fjhpm|k|ksm p~kfmv |d~j}`d b f}v|jhm~(l~ksmi f}v|jhm~(l~ksmi


>> jc 264 26 4


bil vm~skfm(j~kmi|ml' vm~skfm(j~kmi|ml' l{ibhkf hbib`mhmi| |mbh) \j hmm| |dkv jngk`b|kji' |dm fjhpbi{ kgg fji|ki}m }plb|ki` vakggv jc k|v mhpgj{mmv n{ |~bkiki`' bfr}kvk|kji jc im |mfdijgj`{' bil ~m`}gb~ ~m(msbg}b|kji jc k|v r}bgk|{ fji|~jg bil bvv}~bifm v{v|mhv) v{v|mhv) Bpp~jp~kb|m ~mvj}~fmv jc |dm fjhpbi{ kgg nm lk~mf|ml |jb~lv bfdkmski` |dm r}bgk|{ `jbgv |d~j}`d mhpgj{mm pb~|kfkpb|kji)


>6 jc 264 26 4


FJHH]IK\[ KIK\KB\KSMV Pm nmgkmsm |db| |dm fjhh}ik|{ ki pdkfd pm jm~b|m vdj}gl nmimck| ij| jig{ c~jh j}~ mfjijhkf v}ffmvv' n}| c~jh |dm |khm bil mim~`{ pdkfd pm kismv|) _bfab`mv' _bfab`mv' bv b ~mvjivkngm fj~j~b|m fj~j~b|m fk|kumi' fk|kumi' dbv bgpb{v bgpb{v }ilm~|bami }ilm~|bami |j hbam b jvk|ksm fji|~kn}|kji |j |dm fjhh}ik|{ k| pj~av ki |d~j}`d mhgj{mm sjg}i|mm~ mccj~|v bil fj~j~b|m kik|kb|ksmv)

J}~ fjhh}ik|{ mccj~|v ~mcgmf| j}~ fj~j~b|m f}g|}~m n{ n}kglki` v|~mi`|d bil sbg}m |d~j}`d h}|}bg bvvkv|bifm bil `jjlpkgg) ^}~bg Vmf|j~ Khp~jsmhmi|

_bakv|bi kv ~b|ml bhji`v| |dm pj~glv |j cksm hkga ~jl}fm~v' msmi |dj}`d k| dbv ij j~`bikuml j~`bikuml hkga vmf|j~) \~bivj~| |j |dm fk|kmv dbl |~blk|kjibgg{ |~blk|kjibgg{ nmmi |dm ljhbki jc |dm fji|~bf|j~v' pdj pm~m }ibngm |j hbki|bki |dm r}bgk|{ jc |dm hkga l}~ki` |~bivk|) Fjivmr}mi|g{' pdmi _bfab`mv hkga bfab`ki` gbi| immlml b ~mgkbngm lbkg{ vj}~fm jc hkga' |dm{ pm~m cj~fml |j n}{ lk~mf|g{ c~jh |dm lbk~{ cb~hm~v pdmi |dm{ pm~m }ibngm |j ~mbfd bi b`~mmhmi| pk|d |dm fji|~bf|j~v) \jlb{' |dm mv|khb|ml lbkg{ ki|bam jc |dm bvm|kf lbk~{ gbi|v ki |dm fj}i|~{ mtfmmlv 6 hkggkji gk|m~v bil dbv nmfjhm b fjiv|bi| vj}~fm jc v}nv|bi|kbg kifjhm |j b gb~`m vmf|j~ jc |dm ~}~bg j}gb|kji) \dkv' ki k|vmgc' dbv nmmi b hbej~ fji|~kn}|kji c~jh _bfab`mv |jpb~lv |dm }gkc| jc |dm ~}~bg vmf|j~)


>< jc 264 26 4


_~jpb`b|ki` _~jpb`b|ki` Dj~|kf}g|}~m

\jlb{' _bfab`mv kv bv pmgg aijpi cj~ k|v ~jvmv bv cj~ k|v kil}v|~kbg bf|ksk|kmv) \dm i}hnm~ jc sb~km|kmv jc ~jvmv ki j}~ `b~lmiv mtfmmlv 6?? bil kifg}lmv gbi|v' n}vdmv bil f~mmm~v' bv pmgg bv mtj|kf vmfkhmiv v}fd bv hkikb|}~m' `~mmi bil msmi ngbfa ~jvmv) \dm fjhbi{ bgvj djglv bi bii}bg ~jvm vdjp cj~ > |j 6 lb{v ki v~ki` cj~ k|v b|~jiv' f}v|jhm~v' mhgj{mmv bil |dmk~ cbhkgkmv)

\dm fjhbi{ dbv mv|bngkvdml b cbk~(vkuml i}~vm~{ c~jh pdkfd' |kgg ~mfmi|g{' bghjv| =?? ~jvm f}||ki`v m~ {mb~ pm~m ~jsklml' c~mm jc fjv|' |j kiv|k|}|kjiv bil mjgm ki|m~mv|ml ki dj~|kf}g|}~m) Bb~| c~jh `~jpki` k|v jpi ~jvmv' _bfab`mv dbv bgvj |bami b ammi ki|m~mv| ki |dm bf|ksk|kmv jc |dm Dj~|kf}g|}~m Vjfkm|{ jc _bakv|bi bil' cj~ |dm gbv| cj}~ lmfblmv' dbv nmmi ~mvjivkngm cj~ hbib`ki` |dm bii}bg Fd~{vbi|dmh}h bil V~ki` Cgjpm~ Vdjp ki Gbdj~m)

MIFJ]^B@KI@ V_J^\

\j mifj} mifj}~b ~b`m `m {j {j}i }i` ` vj~ vj~|vh |vhmi mi bgg bgg js jsm~ m~ |dm fj}i fj}i|~ |~{' {' _bfa _bfab` b`mv mv dbv dbv nmmi nmmi j~`bikuki` |dm bii}bg Ebcb~ Hmhj~kbg Ki|m~vfdjjg Djfam{ \j}~ibhmi| cj~ |dm gbv| |dk~|{ vkt {mb~v ki hmhj~{ jc V{ml H}dbhhbl Ebcb~' bi mt(Jg{hkbi pdj lkml ki dkv {j}|d) \dkv j}gb~ |j}~ibhmi| dbv ~jsml sm~{ }vmc}g ki |dm mb~g{ vmgmf|kji vmgmf|kji jc ~jhkvki` ~jhkvki` djfam{ gb{m~v gb{m~v jc |dm c}|}~m) <2 vfdjjgv b~|kfkb|ml b~|kfkb|ml ki |dm 63|d fdbhkjivdk dmgl ki Gbdj~m bil bi mv|khb|ml 6= gb{m~v jc |dm Ib|kjibg Djfam{ \mbh dbsm nmmi klmi|kckml |d~j}`d |dmvm fjhm|k|ksm hb|fdmv jsm~ |dm {mb~v)

Pj~glklm \MFDIKFBG bkl p~j`~bhv

\dm ck~v| kisjgsmhmi| jc _bfab`mv ki b cj~mkì bvvkìhmi| pbv ki 2;0?' pdmi b fji|~ fji|~bf bf|| cj~ cj~ ~js ~jsklk klki` i` |mfd |mfdikf ikfbg bg vm~s vm~skf kfmv mv |j Aknj Aknj _bm _bm~~ Kil} Kil}v|~ v|~km kmvv G|l)' G|l)' \biubikb' pbv vkìml) \dm fj~~}`b|ml njb~l hbi}cbf|}~ki` gbi|' vm| } ki 2;33' 2;3 3' pbv pbv j jm~ m~b| b|ki` ki` b| b gjp fbb fbbfk fk|{ |{ bil bil dbl dbl bff} bff}h} h}gb gb|ml |ml v}nv| v}nv|bi bi|kb |kbgg


>= jc 264 26 4


ckibifkbg gjvvmv) \dm hbib`mhmi| pbv |bami jsm~ n{ b |mbh jc cj}~ mtm~|v c~jh _bfab`mv' bil fjhbi{ jm~b|kjiv v|b~|ml `mim~b|ki` ~jck|v pk|dki |dm ck~v|

{mb~

jc

|dkv

vpk|fdjsm~)

\dm vmfjil vmfjil jj~|}i jj~|}ik|{ k|{ cjggjpm cjggjpml l vjji bc|m~) bc|m~) Ki 2;0 2;02' 2' _bfab` _bfab`mv mv mt|milm mt|milml l vkhkgb~ vm~skfmv |j b fjhbi{ fbggml _ \ @}~} ki Ebab~|b' pdkfd pbv vm| } bv b ~ki|ki`*bfab`ki` jm~b|kji ki 2;0? bil dbl ~}i ki|j vm~kj}v ckibifkbg bil ~jl}f|kji ~jngmhv) _bfab`mv vmi| bij|dm~ |mbh jc mtm~|v |j Kiljimvkb ki 2;02' bil v}ffmmlml ki |}~iki` |dm fjhbi{ b~j}il ki b sm~{ vdj~| |khm m~kjl)

Ki |dm vbhm {mb~' |dm Ib|kjibg Lmsmgjhmi| Fj~j~b|kji jc \biubikb ~mr}mv|ml _bfab`mv |j |bam jsm~ |dm jm~b|kji jc bij|dm~ jc k|v fjhbikmv fbggml _~ki|ba \biu \biubbikb) ikb) \d \dmm vbh vbhm v}ff v}ffmmvv pbv pbv bfdk bfdkms msml ml dm~ dm~m' bil bil b ~ki ~ki|k |ki` i` kia kia hbi}cb hbi}cbf|}~ f|}~ki` ki` gbi| gbi| pbv kiv|bgg kiv|bggml) ml) B |mbh jc mtm~| mtm~|vv bgvj bgvj fjhhkv fjhhkvvkji vkjiml' ml' fjiv|~}f|ml bil jm~b|ml \biubikbv ck~v| bm~ hkgg) Ki 2;0;' b vkt hkggkji ljgg lj ggb~ b~ gbi gbi|| fbgg fbggml ml Ibvf Ibvfj j _bfa _bfab` b`mv mv pbv pbv vm| vm| } ki Ejv' Ejv' Ik`m Ik`m~k ~kbb cj~ cj~ |dm |dm hbi}cbf|}~m jc jccvm| fb~|jiv' cgmtkngm bfab`ki` bil fj~~}`b|ml fji|bkim~v) \dm gbi| pmi| ji |j nmfjhm jim jc |dm hbki bfab`ki` fjhbikmv ki Ij~|dm~i Ik`m~kb' bil b `~mb| ckibifkbg v}ffmvv)

\jpb~lv |dm mil jc 2;0;' _bfab`mv ~jsklml mtm~|kvm ki |dm kiv|bggb|kji bil hbib`mhmi| jc b hjlm~i fj~~}`b|ml njt hbi}cbf|}~ki` gbi| ki A}pbk| ibhml Fb~|ji Kil}v|~kmv Fjhbi{ VBA) B bfab`ki` gbi| ki [mhmi' mi`b`ml ki |dm hbi}cbf|}~m jc jg{m|d{gmim ckgh pbv bgvj |mfdikfbgg{ v}j~|ml cj~ b vdj~| pdkgm l}~ki` 2;46)

E}v| pdmi k|v bvvkv|bifm |j |dmvm fj}i|~kmv pbv fjhki` |j bi mil' _bfab`mv bffm|ml |dm vki`}gb~ fdbggmi`m jc dmgki` b cgj}ilm~ki` fjhbi{ ki ^}vvkb) \m|~ \m|~bb _ba _ba BN $A}nb $A}nbi+ i+ pbv pbv b bfa bfab` b`ki` ki` fjh fjhgm gmt t jc |d~m |d~mmm cbf| cbf|j~ j~km kmvv pk|d pk|d cbfkgk|kmv cj~ hbi}cbf|}~ki` cjglki` fb~|jiv' cgmtkngm bfab`ki` bil fj~~}`b|ml njtmv) njtmv) Ki b |pj(bi |pj(bil(b l(b(db (dbgc gc {mb~v {mb~v bvvjfk bvvjfkb|kj b|kji' i' bvvkv|b bvvkv|bifm ifm pbv ~jsklm ~jsklml l ki


>3 jc 264 26 4


cj~h cj~h}g }gb| b|ki` ki` b hbib hbib`m `mhm hmi| i| kicj~ kicj~hb hb|k |kji ji v{v|m v{v|mh' h' v|~mb v|~mbhg hgki kiki` ki` ~jl ~jl}f| }f|kji kji jm~b|kjiv bil |~bkiki` gjfbg v|bcc)

\d}v' ki k|v dkv|j~{ jc bnj}| cksm lmfblmv' _bfab`mv dbv vjhmpdb| ~mbkl |dm lmn| lmn| jc `~b| `~b|k| k|}l }lmm k| jpmv jpmv |j |dm |dm lmsm lmsmgj gjm ml l pj~g pj~gl l n{ dmg dmgki ki` ` imml imml{ { bil bil lkvblsbi|b`ml fjhbikmv ki j|dm~ lmsmgjki` fj}i|~kmv)


>0 jc 264 26 4


MISK^JIHMI\BG _JGKF[

_bfab`mv kv fjhhk||ml |j |dm misk~jihmi|) K| ~mbgkumv |db| pm gksm ki b pj~gl pdm~m ~mvj}~fmv b~m ckik|m bil |dm mfj(v{v|mh dbv b gkhk|ml fbbfk|{ |j bnvj~n |dm gjbl hbiakil kv gbfki` ji k|) \db| kv pd{ _bfab`mv hbamv msm~{ mccj~| |j hbam v}v|bkibngm lmsmgjhmi| b ~mbgk|{) \dm i}hm~j}v ~jemf|v bil gbi|v khgmhmi|ml ki bil b~j}il |dm vk|m nmb~ bhgm |mv|khji{ |j j}~ lmlkfb|kji) Vjhm jc |dm jnemf|ksmv b~m |j kif~mbvm ~mf{fgki` ~b|mv' kh~jsm mccg}mi| bil pbv|m hbib`mhmi|' bil ~ml}fm pb|m~ gjvv) \dmvm bil j|dm~ misk~jihmi|bg fjifm~iv b~m mtmhgkckml ki k|v misk~jihmi|bg jgkf{' pdkfd msm~{ mhgj{mm kv mtmf|ml |j }djgl bil khgmhmi|)

Misk~jihmi| Dmbg|d bil Vbcm|{ $MD#V+ _jgkf{

_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml vdbgg5  Hkik Hkikhk hkum um k|v k|v misk misk~j ~jih ihmi mi|b |bgg khpb khpbf| f|'' bv kv mfji mfjijh jhkf kfbg bgg{ g{ bil bil

p~bf|kfbgg{ pjvvkngm)  Vbsm ~b hb|m~kbgv kifg}lki` mim~`{ bil b|m~' bsjkl bv|m)  Miv}~m Miv}~m |db| |db| bgg k|v k|v p~mvm p~mvmi| i| bil c}|}~m c}|}~m bf|ks bf|ksk|k k|kmv mv b~m fjil}f fjil}f|m |ml l

vbc vbcmg mg{' {' k|d k|dj} j}|| milb milbi`m i`m~k ~ki` i` |dm |dm dmbg dmbg|d |d jc k|v k|v mh mhpg pgj{ j{mm mmv' v' k|v k|v f}v|jhm~v bil |dm p}ngkf)  Lm Lmsmgjp

pgbi pgbivv bil bil p~jf p~jfmml}~ l}~mv bil bil p~js p~jskl klmm ~mvj}~ j}~fmv |j

v}ffmvvc}gg{ khpgmhmi| |dkv pjgkf{ bil cj~ lmbgki` mccmf|ksmg{ k|d bi{ mhm~`mif{)


>4 jc 264 26 4

_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m  _~jsklm misk~jihmi|bg' dmbg|d bil vbcm|{ |~bkiki` |j bgg mhpgj{mmv

bil j|dm~ ~mgmsbi| pm~vjiv |j mibngm |dmh |j fb~~{ j}| |dmk~ l}|kmv vbcmg{ k|dj}| fb}vki` db~h |j |dmhvmgsmv' |j j|dm~ kilkskl}bgv bil |j misk~jihmi|)  Miv}~m |db| bgg k|v bf|ksk|kmv fjhpg{ k|d ib|kjibg misk~jihmi|bg'

dmbg|d bil vbcm|{ ~m`}gb|kjiv) \dkv jgkf{ vdbgg nm ~mskmpml bv bil pdmi ~mr}k~ml cj~ nm||m~hmi| jc |dm vbhm)

^mf{fgki` _bpm~

_bfab`mv dbv |dm fbbnkgk|{ jc ~jl}fki` 2??- ~mf{fgml bm~) Sb~kj}v `~blmv jc bm~ bil njb~l $vdkki`' fb~|jiv' impv~ki|' hb`bukimv' bil khj~|ml pbv|m bm~+ b~m fjggmf|ml bil |dmi vd~mllml) \dkv kv cml |j b d}`m hktm~ pdm~m b fji|~jggml m~fmi|b`m jc sk~`ki }g bil }vml bm~ b~m hktml |j`m|dm~ |j ~jl}fm hb|m~kbg cj~ ~mf{fgml bm~)

Mccg}mi| bil Pbv|m Hbib`mhmi|

Lkvfdb~`ml pb|m~ c~jh |dm bm~ bil njb~l hkgg `jmv |j b vm|kf |bia pdm~m dmbs{ dmbs{'' }i }ivjg vjgsb sbng ngmm hb|m hb|m~k ~kbg bg vm|| vm||gm gmvv ljpi ljpi bil bil kv fjiv fjiv|b |bi|g i|g{ { vfjj vfjjml ml j} j}|) |) Vmfkbgkuml fgmbiki` mr}khmi| ~mhjsmv |dm ~mhbkiki` h}l bil v}vmilml b~|kfgmv) \dm v}vmilml vjgklv b~m vmb~b|ml bil |~mb|ml ji h}l lm(pb|m~ki` mr}khmi| bil |dkfamiml cj~ lkvjvbg) \dm ki|~jl}f|kji jc |dm imp hm|djl jc }vki` pdmb| v|~bp bv b ~bp hb|m~kbg pbv b njgl v|m b~|g{ bkhml b| ~ml}fki` |dm fdmhkfbg gjbl jc |dm pbv|m hb||m~) Bi msmi njglm~ v|m pbv |bami pk|d |dm khj~| jc Fdmhkfbg ^mfjsm~{ _gbi| ki 2;;0) 2;; 0) Ngbf Ngbfa a gkr}k gkr}kl' l' pdkfd pdkfd j jvm vmvv vmsm vmsm~m ~m lkcc lkcckf kf}g| }g|km kmvv ki |dm pbv|m pbv|m hb|| hb||m~ m~ |~mb|hmi| v{v|mh ki bi{ }g hkgg' kv fjifmi|~b|ml ki |dkv gbi| |j =4- vjgklv bil |dmi |dmi kifk kifkim im~b ~b|m |ml l ki b pbv|m pbv|m dmb| dmb| njkgm njkgm~' ~' pdm~ pdm~mm j~`bi j~`bikf kf kh}~ kh}~k|k k|kmv mv b~m b~m lmv|~j{ml bil |dm v|mbh `mim~b|ml kv }|kgkuml cj~ msbj~b|ki` |dm kifjhki` gkr}j~) \dm bvd' fji|bkiki` kij~`bikf fjhj}ilv' kv lkvvjgsml ki pb|m~ |j ~mfjsm~ bi{ bsbkgbngm fdmhkfbgv)


>; jc 264 26 4


Pb|m~ Hbib`mhmi|

\dkv kv b ~mfmi| b~| jc |dm `~mmi jgkf{ blj|ml n{ _bfab`mv) K| kifg}lmv ~ml}f|kji jc |dm }vb`m jc pb|m~ ki bgg v|b`mv jc k|v ~jfmvvmv) Nm||m~ pb|m~ hbib`mhmi| dbv gml |j nm||m~ }|kgkub|kji jc pb|m~ bil j|dm~ ~bp ki}|v) B| 6?? |jiimv m~ |ji jc }g ~jl}fml' |dm r}bi|k|{ jc pb|m~ k|vmgc jvmv vm~kj}v ~jngmhv jc mt|~bf|kji bil lkvjvbg) \j ~ml}fm k|' b lkvvjgsml bk~ cgjff}gb|kji v{v|mh bil vmfkbg ckg|m~v dbsm nmmi bllml |j lkccm~mi| v|~mbhv jc ~m}vbngm pb|m~ bil pdm~msm~ jvvkngm' c~mvd pb|m~ ki sb~kj}v ~jfmvvmv dbv `~bl}bgg{ nmmi ~mgbfml pk|d |dkv pb|m~)

Kilmpmilmi| Mim~`{ Dj}vm

_bfab`mv kv vmgc(v}cckfkmi| ki k|v jpm~ `mim~b|kji fbbnkgk|kmv pk|d bi kiv|bggml fbbfk|{ jc >3HP) B gjfbg njkgm~ hmm|v |dm fjhbi{v v|mbh lmhbilv)

^mv}g|v

\dmvm mccj~|v pm~m v|~mbhgkiml ki 2;;0 |d~j}`d |dm cj~hb|kji jc b fjhhk||mm jc ki|m~ibg mtm~|v |j gjja ~m`}gb~g{ ki|j kvv}mv fjifm~iki` misk~jihmi|' dmbg|d bil vbcm|{) \dm fjhhk||mm kv f}~~mi|g{ kisjgsml ki |dm hbib`mhmi| jc c~mvd pb|m pb|m~~ }vm' }vm' mccg mccg}m }mi| i| hbib hbib`m `mhm hmi| i|'' bil bil fji| fji|~j ~jgg ji bk~ bk~ mhkv mhkvvk vkji jiv' v' mim~ mim~`{ `{ fjivm~sb|kji bil hbki|mibifm jc dmbg|d bil vbcm|{ v|bilb~lv ki |dm fjhbi{) K| }vmv }vmv `}klmg `}klmgkimv kimv ~jsklm ~jsklml l n{ |dm Ib|kjib Ib|kjibgg Misk~ji Misk~jihmi hmi|| R}bgk|{ R}bgk|{ V|bilb V|bilb~lv ~lv $IMR $IMRV+ V+ bv b nmif nmifdh dhb~ b~a' a' msmi msmi hjlk hjlkc{ c{ki ki` ` ~jf ~jfmv mvvm vmvv |j fjic fjicj~ j~h h |j k|v k|v jnemf|ksmv) Bv b ~mv}g| jc fjhnkiml mccj~|v' mccj~|v' |dm r}bi|k|{ jc pb|m~ }vml' bv pmgg bv k|v NJL bil FJL dbv nmmi ~ml}fml ~ml}fml vkìkckfbi|g{ vkìkckfbi|g{)) V|mbh fjiv}h|kji fjiv}h|kji bil dmb| mim~`{ fjiv}h|kji ki >??6 dbsm nj|d vdjpi b ~ml}f|kji jc jsm~ 23- mbfd fjhb~ml |j 2;;;) \dm mgmf|~kfk|{ }vm ki |dm vbhm m~kjl dbv `jim ljpi n{ bi kh~mvvksm >=-)


6? jc 264 26 4


\dmvm bf|ksk|kmv dbsm bfr}k~ml v}fd khj~|bifm cj~ |dm fjhbi{ |db| j}| jc ]V, 2?? hkggkji vmi| ji imp ~jfmvvmv bil |mfdijgj`{ ki |dm gbv| cmp {mb~v' >?- pm~m vmi| ji misk~jihmi|bg kvv}mv bgjim)


62 jc 264 26 4


_~jl}f|kji Lkskvkjiv jc _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml

_bfab`ki`_bfab`ki` Lkskvkji Lkskvkji F_L

_NL

_NL

_

B

_

M N^ J

B

^

F_L

L I _

F

B

^

\

J

I

C

G

G

K

I

M

_

F

^

[

J

G

M F T J K ^ N ^ G ] M P

C

D

C

J

L

K

B

T

_

\

M

\_

M

J

F

L

M

G

\

]

I

V

C

_

J

K

J

K

V

_

GM

N

G

J

^

B G GK

I

B^

G

[

_

M

^

_ F

A ]

K _

I

V

V

M I GM K

I

\

M

C ^

B

B

G

\

MF

M

H

_

M

^

K

I

VJ

S

F

_

M

A

G

F

K

K B

G

G

M _ \B \

K

_ ^M J^ G V

V

]

G _ V G M

B

\

V

M

I

B

B

J

^

B

B

@

\


\ K

M

K I

I

@

@

V

6> jc 264 26 4

M

V


_~jl}f|v jc _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml _B_M^ # NJB^L

_bfab`mv kv ~jl}fki` dk`d r}bgk|{ bm~ bil njb~l vkifm 2;3= }vki` }vki` misk misk~j ~jih ihmi mi|| c~kmi c~kmilg lg{ { hbi} hbi}cb cbf| f|}~ }~ki ki` ` ~jf ~jfmv mvvm vmv) v) K| vmfkbgkumv ki hbaki` b sb~km|{ jc l}gmt njb~lv bil bm~) \dm ~jl} ~jl}f| f|vv b~m b~m |mv| |mv|ml ml cj~ cj~ dk`d dk`d m~c m~cj~ j~hb hbif ifmm ki |m~h |m~hvv jc v|~mi`|d' v|kccimvv bil `gjvv) FB^\JI N]VKIMVV ]IK\ \dm fb~|ji n}vkimvv }ik| kv bi ki|m`~bg b~| jc |dm hbi}cbf|}~ki`

cbfkgk|kmv

b|

_bfab`mv)

Fji|ki}j}v

kh~jsmh kh~jsmhmi|v mi|v ki |mfdijg |mfdijgj`{ j`{ dmg dmg k|v f}v|jhm f}v|jhm~v ~v mtm~| mtm~| mtbf| mtbf| fji| fji|~j ~jgg js jsm~ m~ mbfd mbfd v|b` v|b`mm jc |dm |dm hbi} hbi}cb cbf| f|}~ }~ki ki` ` ~jf ~jfmv mvv) v) F}v|jh F}v|jhku kuml ml bfa bfab` b`ki` ki` bil bil fjivk fjivkv|m v|mi| i| r} r}bg bgk|{ k|{ `ksm `ksm bgg bgg j}~ fb~|jiv v}m~kj~ vdmgc skvknkgk|{) FJ^^]PBG N]VKIMVV ]IK\ _bfab`mv dbv nmmi hbi}cbf|}~ki` fj~~}`b|ml fb~|jiv vkifm 2;0<) _~jl}fml ki b sb~km|{ jc vkumv' |dmvm fb~|jiv b~m jc `~mb| sbg}m cj~ ki(fj}i|~{ `jjlv lkv|~kn}|kji bil mtj~|) Fbbfk|{ kif~mbvm bil ~jl}f| lmsmgjhmi| fji|ki}m |j nm b dk`d ~kj~k|{) CGMTKNGM N]VKIMVV ]IK\ Pk|d kh~jsml nb~~km~ ~jm~|kmv bil gjpm~ fjv| fjhb~ml fjhb~ml |j ~k`kl bfab`ki`' cgmtkngm bfab`ki` kv v|mblkg{ `bkiki` khj~| khj~|bif bifmm ki |dm bfab` bfab`ki` ki` kil}v|~ kil}v|~{) {) \dm cgmtkn cgmtkngm gm gkim hbamv hbamv dk`d r}bgk|{ r}bgk|{ bfab`ki` bfab`ki` ckghv ckghv bil gbhkib| gbhkib|mv' mv' bil jccm jccm~v ~v j|dm j|dm~~ vmf vmfkb kbgk gkum uml l vm~s vm~skf kfmv mv v}fd v}fd bv ~j|j ~j|j`~ `~bs bs}~ }~mm ~ki|ki` bil vgmmsm(hbaki`) FJIV]HM^ _^JL]F\V


66 jc 264 26 4


B ~bi`m jc ~jl}f|v cj~ |djvm biij{ki` ~jngmhv ki gkcm5 \dmm fjiv \d fjiv}h }hm~ m~ ~jl ~jl}f }f|v |v cmb| cmb|}~ }~mm kiij kiijsb sb|k |ksm sm klmb klmbvv cj~ cj~ hbaki` msm~{lb{ gkski` mbvkm~ bil hj~m fjhcj~|bngm' nj|d kilj kiljj~ j~vv bil bil j} j}|) |) \d \dmm fjiv fjiv}h }hm~ m~ ~jl ~jl}f }f|| lksk lkskvk vkji ji dbv dbv fjivkv| fjivkv|mi|g mi|g{ { nmmi nmmi `bkiki` `bkiki` khj~| khj~|bif bifm' m' bil k|v ~jemf| ~jemf|ml ml vdb~m jc |dm jsm~bgg n}vkimvv b| _bfab`mv ijp v|bilv b| jsm~ 22-)

_B_M^ # NJB^L _bfa _bfab` b`mv mv kv ~jl ~jl}f }fki ki` ` dk`d dk`d r} r}bg bgk| k|{ { bm bm~~ bil bil nj njb~ b~l l vkif vkifmm 2; 2;3= 3= }vki }vki` ` misk~ji misk~jihmi hmi|| c~kmilg c~kmilg{ { hbi}cb hbi}cbf|}~ f|}~ki` ki` ~jfmv ~jfmvvmv) vmv) Pm vmfkb vmfkbgkum gkum ki hbaki` hbaki` b sb~ sb~km|{ km|{ jc l} l}g gmt mt nj njb~ b~lv lv bil bil bm bm~) ~) Bgg Bgg ~jl ~jl}f }f||v b~m b~m |mv| |mv|ml ml cj~ cj~ dk`d dk`d m~cj~hbifm ki |m~hv jc v|~mi`|d' v|kccimvv bil `gjvv) C~jh fjccmm f}v |j |dm njjav pm ~mbl' c~jh \m|~b _ba e}kfm fji|bkim~v |j d}`m vdkki` fji|bkim~v' bm~ bil njb~l ~jl}f|v |j}fd j}~ gksmv ki b |dj}vbil pb{v msm~{ lb{)

_B_M^


6< jc 264 26 4


_bfab`mv ~jl}fmv5

Dk`d `gjvv p~k|ki` bm~) Hbfdkim `gbuml * vmfkbg jv|m~ bm~) Cg}|ki` bm~) Gkim~ cj~ vdkki` fb~|jiv) Fj~~}`b|ki` hmlk}h bm~) Pjjl(c~mm p~k|ki`*~ki|ki` bm~)

_bm _bm~~ r} r}bg bgk|{ k|{ bil bil pmk` pmk`d| d| kv lm|m~ lm|m~hk hkim iml l n{ |dm |dm fgkmi|v vmfkckf ~mr}k~mhmi|v bil _bfab`mv miv}~mv |dkv |dkv kv fb~~ fb~~km kml l j} j}|| |j |dm |dm mtbf mtbf|| vmf vmfkc kckf kfb| b|kj kjiv iv ~jsklml) _bm~ kv bsbkgbngm ki |dm cjggjpki` pmk`d|v5

\{pm jc _bpm~ \mv| gkim~ Fj~~}`b|ml

Pmk`d| $`*h>+ 2>=(>>? hmlk}h 2>?(20?

_bm~*Cg}|ki` P~bki` _bm~ Dk`d `gjvv p~k|ki` bm~ _jv|m~ _bm~


0?(;? =4(34
6= jc 264 26 4


NJB^L

_bfab`mv hbi}cbf|}~mv vmsm~bg |{mv jc njb~l) Cjjl Njb~l' b nbvkf ~bp hb|m~kbg ki gkr}kl cjjl bfab` bfab`ki`' ki`' kv nmki` nmki` hbi}cb hbi}cbf|} f|}~ml ~ml vkifm vkifm 2;0; cj~ \m|~b _ba _bakv|bi Gkhk|ml) \dkv hb|m~kbg kv }vml }vml ki hbak hbaki` i` bvm bvm|kf |kf bfa bfab` b`ki` ki` cj~ cj~ hkga' hkga' f~mbh' jkg' c~}k| e}kfmv bil j|dm~ m~kvdbngm cjjl k|mhv)

Vjhm jc j}~ njb~l ~jl}f|v b~m5 •

Gkr}kl bfab`ki` njb~l

•

Cjjl `~blm njb~l

•

L}gmt njb~l * fdknjb~l

•

Ngmbfdml njb~l

•

\jnbffj njb~l bil fb~lnjb~l

Gkim~ njb~l Njb~l kv bsbkgbngm ki |dm cjggjpki` pmk`d|v5 •

\{pm jc Pdk|m Njb~l Ngmbfdml Njb~l L}gmt Njb~l Fb~lnjb~l Gkr}kl _bfab`ki` Njb~l _jv|m~ _bm~

Pmk`d| $`*h>+ 2;= ( >?= 2=? ( <=? 23? ( >=? 2=? ( >;?
\MFDIKFBG MT_M^\KVM

_~jl}f|kji fbbfk|{ mtfmmlv 2??'??? |jiimv m~ bii}h' c~jh cj}~ hbki bm~ hbfdkimv jc lkccm~mi| fbbnkgk|kmv) \dmvm bm~ hbfdkimv b~m v}j~|ml n{ |pj }g hkggv bil b fdmhkfbg ~mfjsm~{ bil mccg}mi| |~mb|hmi| gbi| bgji` pk|d bggkml v}j~| vm~skfmv)


63 jc 264 26 4


_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml kv bhji` |dm ck~v| fjhbikmv ki |dm pj~gl |j hbi}cbf|}~m bm~ # bm~ njb~l }vki` b }g hkt|}~m jc pdmb| v|~bp' abdk `~bvv' fj||ji gki|m~' ~mf{fgml }g bil pjjl }g) \dmvm misk~jihmi|(c~kmilg{ ~jfmvvmv }vm cmpm~ cmpm~ fdmhkf fdmhkfbgv bgv'' ~mv}g|k ~mv}g|ki` i` ki kh~jsm kh~jsml l v|~mi`| v|~mi`|d d ~jm~ ~jm~|kmv |kmv bil kif~mb kif~mbvml vml v|bfaki` v|~mi`|d jc fji|bkim~v)

_bpm~ bil Njb~l _~jl}f|v jb ~l) 2) Njb~



Fjb|ml Ngmbfdml Njb~l)



Fjb|ml \mb L}gmt Njb~l)



Fjb|ml Pdk|m L}gmt Njb~l)



Fjb|ml Pdk|m Gkiml @~m{ Nbfa Njb~l)



Fjb|mv PGF Njb~l)



L}gmt Njb~l)



A~bc| Gkiml Njb~l)



Vmfkbg Gkim~)



Vmfkbg Fgb{ Fjb|ml \m|~b Njb~l)



Vmfkbg Pdk|m L}gmt Njb~l)



V|kccmim~ Njb~l cj~ Vjb)



\m|~b Fgbvvkf _bm~njb~l)



\m|~b L}gmt Njb~l)



\H gkim~)



]ifjb|ml \mb Njb~l)



]igkiml @~m{ Njb~l)



Pdk|m Ngmbfdml Njb~l)



Pdk|m Fb~l Njb~l)



Fjb|ml Pdk|m Fb~l Njb~l)



Pdk|m L}gmt Njb~l)


60 jc 264 26 4

_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m 

PGF Njb~l)

>) _bp _b pm~)



Fj~~}`b|ki` Hbfdkim _bm~)



HC jccvm| _bm~)



HC p~k|ki` _~ki|ki` _bm~)



H@ v}gdb|m _bm~)



H@ Ak|m V}gdb|m _bm~)



_dj|j fj{ _bm~)



Pdk|m H@ _jv|m~ _bm~)



Pdk|m _jv|m~ _bm~)



Vmfkbg _jv|m~ _bm~)



Vmfkbg N~jpi A~bc| _bm~)



N~jpi A~bc| _bm~)



@}hhki` A~bc| _bm~)



@jglmi A~bc| _bm~)



\kvv}m _bm~)



\jkgm| _bm~)



^mf{fgml \kvv}m _bm~)


64 jc 264 26 4


FB^\JI N]VKIMVV ]IK\ \dm fb~|ji n}vkimvv }ik| kv bi ki|m`~bg b~| jc |dm hbi}cbf|}~ki` cbfkgk|kmv b| _bfab`mv) Fjiv|bi| kh~jsmhmi|v ki |mfdijgj`{ dmg j}~ f}v|jhm~v mtm~| mtbf| fji|~jg jsm~ mbfd v|b`m jc |dm hbi}cbf|}~ki` ~jfmvv) F}v|jhkuml bfab`ki` bil fjivkv|mi| r}bgk|{ `ksm bgg _bfab`mv fb~|jiv v}m~kj~ vdmgc skvknkgk|{) \dm cj}ilb|kjiv jc |dkv n}vkimvv gkim pm~m gbkl bnj}| =? {mb~v b`j pk|d |dm cj~hb|kji jc |dm jccvm| ~ki|ki` lmb~|hmi|) Fb~|ji N}vkimvv ]ik| ~jl}f|kji mtm~|v pj~a fgjvmg{ pk|d ~m(~mvv bil |mfdikfbg v|bcc |j lmgksm~ b l}~bngm' bmv|dm|kfbgg{ gmbvki` bil |mfdikfbgg{ vj}il bfab`m |j |dm f}v|jhm~) \dm |j|bg njb~l fjiv}h|kji jc |dm fb~|ji gkim kv b~j}il 24 ( >? |dj}vbil |jiimv m~ bii}h) \dm v|~ji` nbfapb~l nbfapb~l ki|m`~b|kji pk|dki |dm _bfab`mv _bfab`mv sbg}m fdbki dbv `ksmi |dm fb~|ji gkim b fjhm|k|ksm ml`m ki |m~hv jc nbfamil hb|m~kbg bsbkgbnkgk|{) _~jh| hb|m~kbg bsbkgbnkgk|{ ~ml}fmv |}~i b~j}il |khm bil miv}~mv |khmg{ lmgksm~{) Kil}v|~kmv

Fb~| Fb~|ji ji ~jl ~jl}f }f|v |v jc bfa bfab` b`mv mv vm~s vm~smm cjggjpki` kil}v|~kmv5 •

Cjjl bil Nmsm~b`mv

•

Vjb * Lm|m~`mi|

•

_db~hbfm}|kfbgv

•

Hb|fd

•

Mgmf|~jikfv

•

Vdjm


6; jc 264 26 4


\jnbffj

•

_bm~ F}

\MFDIKFBG MT_M^\KVM

\dm Fb~|ji Fb~|ji N}vkimv N}vkimvvv ]ik|v ]ik|v |mfdikf |mfdikfbg bg fjhm| fjhm|mif mifmm kv ~mcgmf ~mcgmf|ml |ml |d~j}`d |d~j}`d |pj hjlmv jc ~ki|ki`5 jccvm| bil ~j|j`~bs}~m) \dm cj~hm~ kv b dk`d mil |jjg cj~ hj~m fjhgmt lmvkì |dmhmv pdkgm |dm gb||m~ fjivkv|mi|g{ vm~skfmv dk`d sjg}hm j~lm~v) _bfab`mv mtbilml |dm gkim |d~j}`d kiv|bggb|kji jc b imp Gmhbikf ~j|j`~bs}~m ~ki|ki` bil kigkim f}||ki` f~mbvki` hbfdkim ki |dm {mb~ >???) Imp gkimv dbsm nmmi ki|~jl}fml pk|d |dm bllk|kji jc b ^jgbil 0?? lj}ngm fjb|m~ ki |dm Jccvm| _~ki|ki` lmb~|hmi|' b Njnv| Msjgkim ki |dm F}||ki` bil F~mbvki` bil b Njnv| Hmlkb 2?? ki |dm Cjglki` bil @g}ki` lmb~|hmi|v) \dm v|b|m v|b|m(j (jc( c(|d |dm( m(b~ b~|| ^jgb ^jgbil il 0?? pk|d pk|d |pki |pki fjb| fjb|ki` ki` dbv dbv mibng mibngml ml _bfa _bfab`m b`mvv |j ki|~jl}fm kiijsb|ksm ~ki|ki` pk|d vmfkbg mccmf| fjb|ki` bil `jgl fjb|ki`v) \dm fjhhkvvkjiki` jc |dm imp ki(dj}vm FKH Gkim dbv hblm blsbifml fj}i|m~ hkggki`' gbvm~ f}||ki`' bil ngblm nmilki` hbfdkimv bsbkgbngm cj~ dk`d r}bgk|{ lkm hbaki`) F}v|jhm~v fbi ijp |bam blsbi|b`m jc msmi dk`dm~ ~mfkvkji bil fjivkv|mif{ ki f}||ki` bil f~mbvki`)



FJ^^]PBG N]VKIMVV ]IK\

_bfab`mv dbv nmmi hbi}cbf|}~ki` fj~~}`b|ml fb~|jiv vkifm 2;0<) _~jl}fml ki b sb~k sb~km| m|{ { jc vkum vkumv' v' |dmv |dmvmm fb~| fb~|ji jivv b~m b~m jc `~mb `~mb|| sbg} sbg}mm cj~ cj~ ki(f ki(fj} j}i| i|~{ ~{ `j `jjl jlvv lkv|~kn}|kji bil mtj~|) Fbbfk|{ kif~mbvm bil ~jl}f| lmsmgjhmi| fji|ki}m |j nm jc dk`d ~kj~k|{) Fj~~}`b|ml fb~|jiv b~m jc `~mb| sbg}m |j k|v lksm~vm j~|cjgkj jc f}v|jhm~v cj~ vmf}~m |~bivj~|b|kji |~bivj~|b|kji jc |dmk~ ~jl}f|v |j gjfbg bil ki|m~ib|kjibg ki|m~ib|kjibg hb~am|v) hb~am|v) Pk|d |dm fjhhkvvkjiki` jc j}~ fj~~}`b|ml gbi| ki Ab~bfdk' k| dbv |dm fbbnkgk|{ jc ~jl}f ~jl}fki` ki` vmsmi vmsmi hkggkji hkggkji fj~~}` fj~~}`b|ml b|ml fb~|jiv fb~|jiv |j fb|m~ fb|m~ |j |dm msm~(k msm~(kif~ if~mbvk mbvki` i` lmhbil jc dk`d r}bgk|{ vdkki` fb~|jiv)

Kil}v|~kmv

_bfab`mv fj~~}pbg n}vkimvv }ik| vm~smv cjggjpki` kil}v|~kmv5

•

\mt|kgm

•

Cjjl

•

\jnbffj

•

Vjb

•

Lm|m~`mi|

\MFDIKFBG MT_M^\KVM

\dm fj~~}`b|ml ckikvdki` lkskvkji fbi ~ki| ki } |j |d~mm fjgj}~v) F}v|jhm~v dbsm |dm cgmtknkgk|{ |j fdjjvm c~jh ~m`}gb~ vgj||ml fji|bkim~v $^VF+' `g}ml' ^VF v|k|fdml j~ lkm f}| fb~|jiv)

_^JL]F\ LMSMGJ_HMI\


<2 jc 264 26 4


Bc|m~ Bc|m~ f}v|jh f}v|jhm~ m~ cmmlnb cmmlnbfa fa bil mt|mivk mt|mivksm sm ~mvmb~ ~mvmb~fd' fd' _bfab` _bfab`mv mv dbv lmsmgj lmsmgjml ml vmfkbg gkim~ bil cg}|ki` |db| `ksmv mt|~b v|~mi`|d |j fji|bkim~v' ki b~|kf}gb~ kif~mbvki` |dmk~ v|bfaki` v|~mi`|d bil |dmk~ ~mvkv|bifm |j n}~v|ki`)

CGMTKNGM N]VKIMVV ]IK\ Pk|d kh~jsml nb~~km~ ~jm~|kmv ~jm~|kmv bil gjpm~ fjv| fjhb~ml |j ~k`kl bfab`ki`' bfab`ki`' cgmtkngm bfab`ki` kv v|mblkg{ `bkiki` khj~|bifm ki |dm bfab`ki` kil}v|~{) _bfab`mv cgmtkngm gkim hbamv dk`d r}bgk|{ bfab`ki` ckghv bil gbhkib|mv' bil jccm~v jccm~v j|dm~ j|dm~ vmfkbg vmfkbgkum kuml l vm~skfm vm~skfmvv v}fd bv ~j|j`~ ~j|j`~bs}~ bs}~mm ~ki|ki ~ki|ki` ` bil vgmmsm vgmmsm(( hbaki`) Cgmtkngm bfab`ki` fjhnkimv lkccm~mi| gbv|kf ckghv' bg}hki}h cjkg bil bm~ |j ~jl}fm gbhkib|mv jc |pj j~ hj~m gb{m~v cj~ ~jsklki` gb{m~ml ~j|mf|kji b`bkiv| hjkv|}~m' `bvmv bil jlj}~v) ]vml pdm~m fjgj}~c}g bfab`m lmvkì bil ~m ~mvm~ vm~ski ski` ~jl}f| r}bgk|{ k|{ b~m khj~|bi|' v}fd bv ki |dm cjjl bil db~hbfm}|kfbg kil}v|~kmv' cgmtj`~bdkf ~ki|ki` jccm~v mfjijh{ pk|d r}bgk|{)


<> jc 264 26 4


Kil}v|~kmv

\dmm \d

cgmtk gmtkng ngmm

n}vk n} vkim imvv vv

}ik| }i k|

vm~ vm~smv smv

cjggjpki` kil}v|~kmv5 •

Vjb

•

\jnbffj

•

\mb

•

Cjjl

•

Lkb~{ Kfm(F~mbh

•

Hkga jplm~

•

Fjicmf|kjim~{

•

Vdbhjj

•

_mv|kfklm

•

_db~hbfm}|kfbg


<6 jc 264 26 4


FJIV]HM^ _^JL]F\V

B ~bi`m jc ~jl}f|v cj~ |djvm biij{ki` ~jngmhv ki gkcm5 fjiv}hm~ ~jl}f|v cmb|}~m `~mb| klmbv cj~ hbaki` msm~{lb{ gkski` mbvkm~ bil hj~m fjhcj~|bngm' nj|d kiljj~v bil j}|)

 \kvv}m _~jl}f|v  _m~vjibg D{`kmim  _bm~ _~jl}f|v

^mcgmf|ki` fj~m sbg}mv jc mtfmmlki` f}v|jhm~ mtmf|b|kjiv |d~j}`d kiijsb|kji' gmblm~vdk bil |mbhpj~a' |dm ^jvm _m|bg bil \}gk n~bilv fji|ki}m |j djgl jsm~ 4?- jc |dm ljhmv|kf hb~am| vdb~m jc |dm |kvv}m bm~ hb~am| hb~am| ki _bakv|bi) K| bgvj dbv b gmblki` hb~am| vdb~m ki |dm bpb{(c~jh(d bpb{(c~jh(djhm jhm n}vkimvv5 k| v}gkmv f}v|jh(~ki|ml njtmv' |bngm ibakiv' fjbv|m~v bil bm~ f}v |j kiv|k|}|kjiv v}fd bv dj|mgv' cbv| cjjl fdbkiv' ~mv|b}~bi|v' n}vkimvvmv bil |dm bk~gkim kil}v|~{)


<< jc 264 26 4


Sb~kj}v f}v|jhm~v jc _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml \dm~m kv db~lg{ bi{ ~jl}f| ki |dm hb~am| pdkfd kv lmgksm~ml |j f}v|jhm~ pk|dj}| bfaki`) _bfab`mv _bfab`mv kv b `kbi| ki bm~' bm~' njb~l' bfab`ki` bil fjiv}hm~ ~jl}f|v gkam cbfkbg |kvv}mv' |jkgm| ~jggv' bm~ f}v' bm~ gb|mv ' ibakiv bil vbik|b~{ blv) Cjggjpki` kv b gkv| jc vjhm jc ~mijpiml fjhbikmv pdj b~m ~m`}gb~ f}v|jhm~v jc bfab`mv gkhk|ml bil dbsm nmimck|ml c~jh bfab`mv‛v f}v|jhkubngm vjg}|kjiv)  ]ikgmsm~ _bakv|bi)  Imv|gm _bakv|bi)  Pbggv Kfm F~mbh)  _~jf|j~ # @bhngm)


<= jc 264 26 4

_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m  ^bcdbi Hbum _~jl}f|v)  Ajgvji _bakv|bi Gkhk|ml)  H}~~mm N~mm~{)  ^mfak|| Nmiakvm~)  \m|~b(_ba _bakv|bi)  Ib|kjibg Cjjlv Gkhk|ml)  Vdbi Cjjlv)  _bakv|bi \jnbffj Fjhpbi{ Gkhk|ml)  \m|gm{ Fgjsm~)  _bakv|bi Ki|m~ib|kjibg Bk~gkimv)  HfLjibglv _bakv|bi)  Fjg`b|m _bghjgksm)  Fdbhbi Kfm(F~mbh \dm Hbgg Gbdj~m)  _}iebn \mt|Njja Njb~l)  _ba Mgmf|~ji Gkhk|ml $_MG+)  Hk|fdmgg _bakv|bi)  Ik~bgb Vmm|v)  V}ck Nbibvpb|k)  Ikvdb| Hkggv)  @gbtj(Vhk|d Agkim)  Rb~vdk _bakv|bi)  _bakv|bi Jkg Hkggv)  Aij~~ Cjjlv Gkhk|ml


<3 jc 264 26 4


IB\]^M

JC

N]VKIMVV

#

HBI]CBF\]^KI@

_^JFMVV _bfa _bfab` b`mv mv Gkhk Gkhk|m |ml l kv |dm |dm hbi} hbi}cb cbf| f|}~ }~m~ m~ jc _bm _bm~~ # _bm _bm~n ~njb jb~l ~l bil bil k|v k|v fjism~vkji ki|j bfab`ki` ~jl}f|v)

_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml dbv |dm cjggjpki` |d~mm lkskvkjiv5 2) _bm _bm~~ Njb Njb~l ~l Lkskvk Lkskvkji ji)) >) _bfa _bfab` b`ki` ki` Lkskvk Lkskvkji ji)) 6) \kvv \kvv}m }m Lksk Lkskvk vkji ji))

_B_M^ # NJB^L LKSKVKJI Hbi}cbf|}~ki` ~jfmvv jc _bm~ Njb~l Lkskvkji kv lksklml ki|j cjggjpki`5

b+ _}g _}g Hbak Hbaki` i`)) n+ _bm~ _bm~ # _bm~n _bm~njb~ jb~l l Hbi}cbf Hbi}cbf|}~k |}~ki`) i`)

2) _]G_ HBAK BAKI@

Cjggjpki` ~jfmvvmv b~m kisjgsml ki |dm }g hbi}cbf|}~ki` j

V|~bp _~mb~b|kji

j

V|~bp Fjjaki`

j

V|~bp Pbvdki` # Vf~mmiki`

j

V|~bp _}g Ngmbfdki`

j

V|~bp _}g Nmb|ki`


<0 jc 264 26 4

_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m j

V|~b _~mpb~b|kji5

^bp hb|m~kbgv k)m) v|~bp bil abdk b~m f}| bil fgmbiml pk|d l~{ bil pm| ~jfmvv bil |~bivcm~~ml |j Imp Ckn~m Gkim cj~ fjjaki` bil pbvdki`)

j

Fjjaki` ki Im Ckn~m Gkim5

Fgmbiml hb|m~kbg ~mfmksml c~jh v|~bp ~mb~b|kji lmb~|hmi| kv fjjaml ki fji|ki}j}v lk`mv|m~ |}nmv pk|d v|mbh bil fdmhkfbgv)

j

V|~b _}gp Pbvdki` # Vf~mmiki`5

Fjjaml hb|m~kbg kv pbvdml bil vf~mmiml ki |dkv ~jfmvv bil |~bivcm~~ml |j nmb|m~ dj}vm bv }ingmbfdml v|~bp }g j~ |j Ngmbfdki` Dj}vm cj~ ngmbfdki` cj~ |dkv }g)

j

V|~b _}gp Ngmbfdki`5

]ingm ]ingmbf bfdm dml l v|~bp v|~bp } }g g ~mfm ~mfmks ksml ml bc|m bc|m~~ pbvdk pbvdki` i` bil bil vf~mm vf~mmik iki` i` ~jf ~jfmv mvvv kv ~jfm ~jfmvvm vvml l pk|d pk|d ngmb ngmbfd fdki ki` ` fdmh fdmhkf kfbg bgvv bil bil |~bi |~bivc vcm~ m~~m ~ml l |j Nmb| Nmb|m~ m~ Dj}vm Dj}vm bv ngmbfdml v|~bp }g)

j

PBV\M _B_M^ _]G_5

Pbv|m bm~ kv cml ki|j }gm~' pdm~m hb|m~kbg kv pbvdml # fgmbiml bil |~bivcm~~ml |j Nmb|m~ Dj}vm cj~ ~jfmvvki`)

j

KH_J^\ML _]G_5

Khj~|ml }g kv cml |j ~mckim~v cj~ |~mb|hmi| jc ckn~mv |j `m| |dm lmvk~ml v|~mi`|dv bil ~jm~|kmv) Bc|m~ |dkv ~jfmvv }g kv |~bivcm~~ml |j Nmb|m~ Dj}vm)

j

V|~b _}gp Nmb|ki`5

Lkccm~mi| |{mv jc }gv b~m ngmilml bil fdmhkfbgv b~m bllml bffj~lki` |j |dm ~mr}k~ml vmfkckfb|kji jc bm~ bil bm~njb~l bil ~jfmvvml }g kv cml |j

_bm~ Hbfdkim)


<4 jc 264 26 4


>) _B_M^ _B_M^ BIL BIL NJB^L NJB^L HBI]CB HBI]CBF\]^ F\]^KI@ KI@ _^JFMVV _^JFMVV

\dm ngmil jc v|jfav kv |dmi |~bivcm~~ml |j |dm hbfdkim fdmv| cj~ cmmlki` ki|j |dm bm~ hbfdkim' ck~v| |j |dm m~cj~b|ml pk~m |d~j}`d Dmbl Njt) \dm Dmbl Njt j~ cj~hki` ujim v~mblv ckn~mv msmig{ ji |dm m~cj~b|ml pk~m1 pb|m~ kv `~bl}bgg{ ~mhjsml ~mhjsml n{ ib|}~bg bil hmfdbikfbg hmfdbikfbg hmbiv) hmbiv) Bc|m~ |dm pk~m b~|' b~|' |dm vdmm| jc ckn~mv ‗pm| pmn‘ kv ~mvvml |j lm(pb|m~ c}~|dm~ |j l~{imvv ki |dm ~mvv vmf|kji bil |dm~mbc|m~ |dm vdmm| kv l~kml ki |dm l~{ki` vmf|kji' pdm~m k| bvvmv jsm~ |dm v|mbh dmb|ml ~jgg |j `m| |dm ckibg l~{ vdmm| bv ckikvdml bm~ bil bm~njb~l)

_^JFMVV KISJGSML KI \DM HBI]CBF\]^KI@ JC NJT NJB^L BIL FJIM FJIM NJB^L NJB^L $FDK_ $FDK_ NJ NJB^L B^L++ NBVML NBVML JI PD PDMB\ MB\V\^ V\^BP BP BIL PBV\M_B_M^)

j

_]G_KI@ JC PDMB\ V\^BP5

Pdmb| v|~bp*abdk kv mhgj{ml cj~ hbaki` }g cj~ }vm ki |dm hbi}cbf|}~ki` jc sb~kj}v akilv jc bm~ bil bm~njb~l kifg}lki` njt njb~l' fjim njb~l $fdk njb~l+) Pdmb| v|~bp fbi nm }gml n{ sb~kj}v ~jfmvvmv' djpmsm~' b| _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml pm cjggjp Im}|~bg V}gdk|m _~jfmvv bil vjlk}h v}gdk|m kv |dm hbki fjjaki` fdmhkfbg)

Pdmb| v|~bp ~mfmksml n{ sb~kj}v hmbiv jc |~bivj~|b|kji b| |dm cbf|j~{ }ilm~`j lml}v|ki` bil fgmbiki` jm~b|kji pdm~m l}v| bil }ipbi|ml hb|m~kbgv gkam vbil' v|jimv' `~bkiv b~m ~mhjsml c~jh |dm pdmb| v|~bp) \dm fgmbiml v|~bp kv cml |j |dm hktki` |bia |d~j}`d fjism{m~v bil |dm fjjaki` fdmhkfbgv b~m bllml' |dmi |dm v|~bp kv cml |j |dm fji|ki}j}v lk`mv|m~v pdm~m |dm lmgkìkckfb|kji ~jfmvv |bamv gbfm b| b |mhm~b|}~m b| 20? ¿ F bil v|mbh ~mvv}~m jc 22 nb~v cj~ b m~kjl jc <= hki}|mv) \dm fjjaml v|~bp pdkfd }ilm~`jmv |dm lmgkìkckfb|kji bil |dm ckn~mv b~m vmb~b|ml vmb~b|ml c~jh |dm ngbfa gkr}j~ n{ pbvdki` bil vf~mmiki` vf~mmiki` kv v|j~ml bv }ingmbfdml v|~bp }g ki vkgj $dk`d lmivk|{ |jpm~+)


<; jc 264 26 4


_b~| jc }ingmbfdml }g bc|m~ ngmbfdki` jm~b|kji ki |dm vmr}mifm jc D{j( D{j |j hbam ngmbfdml v|~bp }g jc n~k`d|imvv 4? ¿ @M kv bgvj v|j~mv ki dk`d lmivk|{ |jpm~ cj~ jipb~l v}g{ |j |dm njb~l hbfdkim bv ~mr}k~ml)


=? jc 264 26 4


j

HBI]CBF\]^KI@ JC NJT NJB^L5

Njt njb~l fjivkv|v jc b |d~mm gb{m~v njb~l pk|d |j gb{m~ jc ngmbfdml v|~bp }g bil pjjl }g ki |dm ~b|kj jc 0=- bil >=- g}v bllk|ksm fdmhkfbgv' njl{ hbkig{ jc ~mf{fgml pbv|m bm~ }g bil |dm }ilm~ gb{m~ jc pdmb| v|~bp }g $ngmbfdml j~ vmhk(ngmbfdml+) \dmvm }gv b~m ngmilml ki lkccm~mi| fdmv|v cj~ cmmlki` |dm njb~l hbfdkim pk|d |d~mm cj}~ l~kikm~ pk~mv) Cj~hki` v{v|mh pdkfd ~jl}fmv b |~kgmt njb~l fbggml njt njb~l ki v}nv|bifm ~bi`ki` c~jh >??(<=? `h >) \dm cj~hki` ujim ~jl}fmv b }ikcj~h pm| vdmm| bil bgg |d~mm gb{m~v b~m hb~~kml |j`m|dm~ bv vki`gm vdmm| pdkfd kv lmpb|m~ml |d~j}`d ~mvvmv ~mvvmv |j b l~{ fji|mi| jc
j

HBI]CBF\]^KI@ JC FJIM NJB^L $FDK_ NJB^L+5

\dm ~jl}f| kv hbkig{ ~jl}fml c~jh pbv|m bm~ }g pdkfd fbi nm ngmilml pk|d b fm~|bki ~b|kj jc v|~bp }g $}ingmbfdml+)

j

PBV\M _B_M^ _]G_ _^JFMVV5

\dm pbv|m bm~ kv ~m(}gml ki d{l~j }gm~ pk|d pb|m~ bil ij fdmhkfbg kv }vml) \dm kh}~k|kmv kh}~k|kmv ~mvmi| ki |dm pbv|m bm~ gkam gbv|kf' gbv|kf' hbìm|kf' hbìm|kf' v|jimv bil j|dm~ fji|~b~kmv b~m ~mhjsml |d~j}`d v}ffmvvksm fgmbiki` bil vf~mmiki`) Pbv|m bm~ }g kv vkhkgb~g{ v|j~ml ki b vkgj cj~ v}g{ |j |dm bm~ hbfdkim bv ~mr}k~ml) Fjim njb~l $fdk njb~l+ kv b h}g|kgb{m~ njb~l) \dm hbi}cbf|}~ki` kv vkhkgb~ |j njt njb~l mtfm| k| kv ij| vkuml pdm~mbv |dm njt njb~l kv vkuml njb~l' djpmsm~' |dm v}~cbfm fj}gl nm vhjj|d bil }ikcj~h bil ij~hbgg{ k| kv ki |dm v}nv|bifm ~bi`ki` c~jh 6??(<3? `h>)


=2 jc 264 26 4


_BFAB@KI@ LKSKVKJI

HBI]CBF\]^KI@ _^JFMVV

_bfab`mv dbv cjggjpki` ~jl}f|kji gkimv ki _bfab`ki` Lkskvkji1 2) Fb~|ji Gk Gkim >) Cgmt Cgmtkn kngm gm Gkim Gkim 6) Fj~~ Fj~~}` }`b| b|kj kji i Gki Gkimm

2) FB^ FB^\J \JI I GKI GKIM

Fb~|ji gkim ~jl}fmv bm~(njb~l fb~|jiv cj~ k|v f}v|jhm~v cj~ sb~kj}v immlv gkam5 j

Fk`b~m||m fb~|jiv

j

\mb fb~|jiv

j

Cjjl fb~|jiv

j

Hmlkfkim fb~|jiv

j

Lm|m~`mi| fb~|jiv m|f)

Hbej~ ~bp hb|m~kbgv }vml b~m fjb|ml*}ifjb|ml njb~l' jccvm| kiav bil ~j|j kiav) Fb~|ji Gkim fjivkv|v jc cjggjpki` lmb~|hmi|v # bf|ksk|kmv*~jfmvvmv5 Fjb|ki` 5 j

Fgb{ Fjb|ki`)

j

_jg{ Fjb|ki`

j

Vgk||ki`

_bpm~ V|j~m 5

Vdmm|ki` @}kggj|kim Vgk||ki` Ckibifkbg V|b|mhmi| Bibg{vkv

=> jc 264 26 4


^mp~jl}f|kji 5 j

F{gkilm~ Mi`~bski`

j

_dj|jjg{hm~ Hbaki`

j

Jccvm| _gb|m Hbaki`

B~| # Fbhm~b 5

Lmvkìki`

Jccvm| _~ki|ki` F}||ki` F~mbvki` N~mbaki` Cjglki` @g}ki` _bfaki` _bpm~ f}p hbaki` Gmhbikf5

Kigkim ^j|j ~ki|ki`' mhnjvvki` # f}||ki` # f~mbvki`

>) CGMT CGMTKN KNGM GM GKI GKIM

Cgmtkngm _bfab`ki` Gkim ~jl}fmv sb~kj}v akilv jc bfaki` hb|m~kbgv |j vb|kvc{ bfa bfab` b`ki` ki` ~mr}k ~mr}k~m ~mhm hmi| i|vv jc |dm |dm f}v|j f}v|jhm hm~v ~v cj~ cj~ vjb vjb'' fk`b~ fk`b~m| m||m |m'' |mb' |mb' cjjl cjjl'' fjicmf|kjim~{ m|f) Hbej~ ~bp hb|m~kbgv }vml ki cgmtkngm gkim b~m gbv|kf ckghv' jg{ `~bi}gmv' bg(cjkg' bm~' gkr}kl kiav bil gbhkib|ki` hb|m~kbgv)

Cgmtkngm Gkim fjivkv|v jc cjggjpki` lmb~|hmi|v # ~jfmvvmv5

k)

_bm~ Fjism~|ki` 5 •

Cgmtj`~bdkf _~ki|ki`

•

Vgk||ki`

•

Nb` Hbaki`


=6 jc 264 26 4


kk)

_bfaki`

Cgmtkngm _b _bfab`ki`5 •

^j|j`~bs}~m _~ki|ki`

•

Gbhkib|kji $Vjgsmi| gmvv # Vjgsmi| nbvml Gbhkib|kji+

•

Mt|~}vkji

•

Pbtki`

•

Vgk||ki`

•

Nb` Hbaki`

•

Vgmmsm Hbaki`

•

Vmbgki`

•

_bfaki`

$Hjij' \d~mm # Cksm Gb{m~ Mt|~}vkji+

Hbki p~jl}f|v jc Cgmtkngm Gkim b~m5

•

Jkg Ckghv

•

_jg{ Nb`v

•

Fjim P~bm~v

•

Vgmmsmv

•

Vdbhjj Vbfdm|v

•

\mb Vbfdm|v

•

\jccmm _bm~

•

Vjb P~bm~v

•

Fk`b~m||m _b~fmgki` _bm~

•

Sb~kj}v gbhkib|mv cj~ cjjl bfaki`

6) FJ^ FJ^^]@ ^]@B\KJ B\KJI I


=< jc 264 26 4


Fj~~}`b|kji gkim ~jl}fmv vki`gm pbgg bil lj}ngm pbgg fj~~}`b|ml njtmv cj~ \mt|kgm \mt|kgm'' Lm|m~` Lm|m~`mi| mi|v' v' Fk`b~m| Fk`b~m||m |m bil Cjjl Cjjl kil}v|~k kil}v|~kmv) mv) ^bp hb|m~k hb|m~kbgv bgv }vml }vml ki hbi}cbf|}~ki` ~jfmvv b~m gkim~' cg}|ki` bm~' pb|m~ nbvm kiav bil v|b~fd `g}m)

Fj~~}`b|kji gkim fjivkv|v jc cjggjpki` ~jfmvvmv5

Fj~~}`b|kji Vdmm|ki` Cgmtj`~bdkf _~ki|ki` Vgj||ki` # f~mbvki` V|k|fdki` * `g}ki` _bfaki`

Hbki p~jl}f|v jc Fj~~}`b|kji b~m5

Vki`gm Pbgg Fj~~}pbggv Lj}ngm Pbgg Fj~~}pbggv _b~|k|kjiv

FJIV]HM^ _^JL]F\V LKSKVKJI $F_L+

HBI]CBF\]^KI@ _^JFMVV

K| fjivkv|v jc |dm cjggjpki` lmb~|hmi|v1

•

\kvv}m Hbi}cbf|}~ki`

•

\kvv}m Fjism~vkji

•

\KVV]M HBI]CB\]^KI@


== jc 264 26 4


\kvv}m Hbi}cbf|}~ki` fjivkv|v jc cjggjpki` gbi|v5

Pbv|m bm~ gbi|



 _bm~ Hbfdkim ΛS

\dm nbvkf ~bp hb|m~kbgv }vml ki |kvv}m hbi}cbf|}~ki` b~m vjc| pjjl }gv' M}fbg{|}v }g' Ngmbfdml gki|m~ }g' Pbv|m bm~ }gv bil lkccm~mi| |{mv jc l{mv bil fdmhkfbgv)

\dm pjjl }g bil pbv|m bm~ b~m ~m}gml pk|d pb|m~) \dm kh}~k|kmv ki pbv|m bm~ b~m ~mhjsml |d~j}`d fgmbiki` bil vf~mmiki`) Pbv|m bm~ }gv b~m v|j~ml ki |dm fdmv|v bil v}gkml |j |dm _bm~ hbfdkim)

•

\KVV]M FJISM^VKJI $F_L+

\kvv}m fjism~vkji fjivkv|v jc |dm cjggjpki` ~jfmvvmv5

K)

Ki|m~ cj cjglki`

KK)

F} Hbaki`

KKK)

^jgg Hbaki`

K S)

_bm~ gb|mv

S) SK) SKK SKK) SKKK)

Fjbv|m~ Pm| \kvv}m Vbik|b~ |b~{ Ib Ibakiv Hb Hbaki` _bfaki`

Hbki p~jl}f|v jc F_L Fjism~vkji Fjism~vkji b~m5

 Cbfkbg \kvv}mv  Ak|fdmi # \jkgm| ^jggv  Pm| \kvv}mv


=3 jc 264 26 4

_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m  _bm~ Ibakiv  _bm~ F}v  Fjbv|m~v  _bm~ _gb|mv  Vbik|b~{ Ibakiv


=0 jc 264 26 4


J^@BIKUB\KJIBG FDB^\ Njb~l jc Lk~mf|j~

Fdbk~hbi

Mtmf}|ksm Njb~l

Hbib`ki` Lk~mf|j~

Blskvj~

@mim~bg Hbib`m~

_~jemf| Lk~mf|j~ NV_H

Lm}|{ @H Hkgg Hbib`m~ Hb~am|ki` Hbib`m~

Fjiv}hm~ _~jl}f| Hbib`m~

FVL Hbib`m~

Vbgmv # _~jl}f| Hbib`m~ V|j~mv # Kismi|j~{ Hbib`m~ @~j} N~bil Hbib`m~

Fjhhm~fkbg Hbib`m~

N] Fb~|ji Cgmtkngm Fj~~}pbgg

^}nnm~ Hbib`m~

RF Hbib`m~

K^ Hbib`m~

Ckibifm Hbib`m~

\mfd Hbib`m~ Hmfd _jpm~

M^_ hbib`m~

^#L Hbib`m~

D^L Hbib`m~

Hbib`m~ \kvv}m _~jl}f|kji

K*F F_L _~jl}f|kji


Gkbkvji # Blhki Hbib`m~

K_ Hbib`m~

=4 jc 264 26 4


CKIBIFKBG ^B\KJ BIBG[VKV Ckibifkbg ~b|kjv b~m }vmc}g kilkfb|j~v jc b ck~hv m~cj~hbifm bil ckibifkbg vk|}b|kji) Ckibifkbg ~b|kjv fbi nm }vml |j bibg{um |~milv bil |j fjhb~m |dm ck~hv ckibifkbgv |j |djvm jc j|dm~ ck~hv) ^b|kj bibg{vkv kv |dm fbgf}gb|kji bil fjhb~kvji jc ~b|kjv pdkfd b~m lm~ksml c~jh |dm kicj~hb|kji ki b fjhbi{v ckibifkbg v|b|mhmi|v) Ckibifkbg ~b|kjv b~m }v}bgg{ mt~mvvml bv b m~fmi| j~ bv |khmv m~ m~kjl) ^b|kj bibg{vkv kv b pklmg{ }vml |jjg jc ckibifkbg bibg{vkv) K| kv lmckiml bv |dm v{v|mhb|kf }vm jc ~b|kj |j ki|m~~m| |dm ckibifkbg v|b|mhmi|v vj |db| |dm v|~mi`|d bil pmbaimvvmv jc b ck~h bv pmgg bv k|v dkv|j~kfbg m~cj~hbifm bil f}~~mi| ckibifkbg ckibifkbg fjilk|kji fbi nm lm|m~hkiml) lm|m~hkiml) \dm |m~h ~b|kj ~mcm~v |j |dm i}hm~kfbg i}hm~kfbg j~ r}bi|k|b|ksm r}bi|k|b|ksm ~mgb|kjivdk ~mgb|kjivdk nm|pmmi |pj sb~kbngmv) sb~kbngmv) Pk|d |dm dmg jc ~b|kj ~b|kj bibg{v bibg{vkv kv fjifg}v fjifg}vkji kji fbi nm l~bpi l~bpi ~m`b~l ~m`b~lki` ki` vmsm~b vmsm~bgg bvmf|v bvmf|v v}fd v}fd bv ckibifkbg dmbg|d' ~jck|bnkgk|{ bil jm~b|kjibg mcckfkmif{ jc |dm }ilm~|baki`) ^b|k ^b|kj j j jki ki|v |v j} j}|| |dm |dm j jm~ m~b| b|ki ki` ` mcck mcckfk fkmi mif{ f{ jc |dm |dm ck~h ck~h k)m) k)m) pdm| pdm|dm dm~~ |dm |dm hbib`mhmi| dbv }|kgkuml |dm ck~h‛v bvvm|v fj~~mf|g{' |j kif~mbvm |dm kismv|j~‛v pmbg|d) K| miv}~mv b cbk~ ~m|}~i |j k|v jpim~v bil vmf}~mv j|kh}h }|kgkub|kji jc ck~h‛v ck~h‛v bvvm|v) bvvm|v) ^b|kj ^b|kj bibg{vk bibg{vkvv dmgv dmgv ki ki|m~( ki|m~(ck~ ck~h h fjhb~ fjhb~kvji kvji n{ ~jsklk ~jsklki` i` imfmvvb~{ lb|b) Bi ki|m~ ck~h fjhb~kvji kilkfb|mv ~mgb|ksm jvk|kji) K| ~jsklmv |dm |dm ~mgm ~mgmsb sbi| i| lb|b lb|b cj~ cj~ |dm |dm fjh fjhb~ b~kv kvji ji jc |dm |dm m~c m~cj~ j~hb hbif ifmm jc lkcc lkccm~ m~mi mi|| lmb~|hmi|v) Kc fjhb~kvji vdjpv b sb~kbifm' |dm jvvkngm ~mbvjiv jc sb~kb|kjiv hb{ nm klmi|kckml bil kc ~mv}g|v b~m im`b|ksm' |dm bf|kji hb{ nm kik|kb|ml khhmlkb|mg{ |j n~ki` |dmh ki gkim)

^b|kjv b~m }vml n{ nj|d ki|m~ibg bil mt|m~ibg bibg{v|v Ki|m~ibg }vmv

° _gbiiki` ° Msbg}b|kji jc hbib`mhmi| Mt|m~ibg }vmv •

F~mlk| `~bi|ki`

•

_m~cj~hbifm hjik|j~ki`


=; jc 264 26 4


Kismv|hmi| lmfkvkjiv

•

Hbaki` jc jgkfkmv

Cj~ |dm }~jvm jc bibg{vkv pm }vm cjggjpki` akilv jc ~b|kjv5 (

B) Bf|ksk Bf|ksk|{ |{ ^b|kj ^b|kj N) Vdj~| \m~h Gkr}klk|{ Gkr}klk|{ ^b|kjv ^b|kjv F) _~jck|bn _~jck|bnkgk| kgk|{ { ^b|kjv ^b|kjv L) Kismv| Kismv|j~ j~ ^b|kj ^b|kjvv M) Gji` Gji` \m~h \m~h Bibg{ Bibg{vk vkvv

BF\KSK\[ ^B\KJ

Bi kilkfb|j~ jc djp ~bklg{ b ck~h fjism~|v sb~kj}v bffj}i|v ki|j fbvd j~ vbgmv) Ki `mim~bg' |dm vjjim~ hbib`mhmi| fbi fjism~| bvvm|v ki|j vbgmv j~ fbvd' |dm hj~m mccmf|ksmg{ |dm ck~h kv nmki` ~}i) Ki bf|ksk|{ ~b|kjv pm dbsm fbgf}gb|ml cjggjpki` ~b|kjv5 ( •

Bffj}i| ^mfmksbngm \}~ijsm~

•

B`ki` jc B*^

•

Kismi|j~{ \}~ijsm~

•

Lb{v Vbgmv ki Kismi|j~{

•

Pj~aki` Fbk|bg \}~ijsm~

•

F}~~mi|v Bvvm|v |}~ijsm~

•

Cktml Bvvm| \}~ijsm~

•

\j|bg Bvvm|v \}~ijsm~

Bffj}i| ^mfmksbngm \}~ijsm~

Bi bffj}i|ki` hmbv}~m }vml |j r}bi|kc{ b ck~hv mccmf|ksmimvv ki mt|milki` f~mlk| bv pmgg bv fjggmf|ki` lmn|v) \dm ~mfmksbngmv |}~ijsm~ ~b|kj kv bi bf|ksk|{


3? jc 264 26 4


~b|kj' ~b|kj' hmbv}~ hmbv}~ki` ki` djp mcckfk mcckfkmi| mi|g{ g{ b ck~h ck~h }vmv }vmv k|v bvvm|v bvvm|v)) Bffj}i| Bffj}i| ~mfmksb ~mfmksbngm ngm |}~ijsm~ cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m kv `ksmi nmgjp5 ( >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

4)3; \khmv

4)=3 \khmv

;)00 \khmv

;);3 \khmv

;)6= \khmv

Vm~kmv2

2>)?? 2?)??

;)6=

;);3

;)00 4)=3

4)??

4)3;

3)?? <)?? >)?? ?)?? >??<

>??=

> ??3

>? ?0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj |milv |j kif~mbvm pdmi f~mlk| vbgmv kif~mbvm j~ bffj}i| ~mfmksbngmv lmf~mbvmv bil skfm sm~vb) \dkv ~b|kj kv ~mgkbngm kc fjhbi{‛v n}vkimvv kv ij| vmbvjibg) vmbvjibg) \dm dk`dm~ |dm |}~ijsm~ |}~ijsm~ ~b|kj |dm vdj~|m~ vdj~|m~ |dm |khm m~kjl nm|pmmi nm|pmmi |dm f~mlk| vbgmv bil fbvd fjggmf|kji) Dm~m c~jh bnjsm fjh}|b|kji k| fbi nm lk~mf|g{ jnvm~sml |db| ck~h‛v Bffj}i| ~mfmksbngm |}~ijsm~ ~b|kj dbv nmmi cg}f|}b|ki` c~jh >??< |j >??4) \dkv ~b|kj kif~mbvm c~jh >??< |j >??= bil |dmi v|b~|v lmf~mbvki` ki imt| 6 {mb~v) \dkv kv l}m |j fjhbi{ dbv kif~mbvml k|v f~mlk| vbgmv ki |dmvm {mb~v n}| |dm |khmv f~mlk| fjggmf|kji dbv nmmi hblm lmf~mbvml pdkfd kv ij| b cbsj~bngm kilkfb|j~ cj~ |dm fjhbi{) Djpmsm~ vgk`d| kif~mbvm ki >??4 kv vdjpki` fjhbi{‛v v|~mi`|d |dbi >??0 n}| jsm~bgg) N}| jsm~bgg |dm fjhbi{ dbv gjv| k|v mcckfkmif{ jc f~mlk| fjggmf|kji |dbi |dm bv|)


32 jc 264 26 4


B`ki` jc Bffj}i| ^mfmksbngmv

Bsm~b`m i}hnm~ jc lb{v b ck~h |bamv |j fjggmf| b{hmi|v ji `jjlv vjgl vjgl)) I}hnm~v h}fd dk`dm~ |dbi ??<(>??4 dbv nmmi `ksmi nmgjp5 (

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

<2);4 Lb{v

<>)3= Lb{v

60)6= Lb{v

63)3< Lb{v

6;)?= Lb{v

Vm~kmv2

=?)?? <>)3=
6;)?= 63)3<

<2);4

60)6=

6?)??

>?)??

2?)??

?)?? >??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

Ji |dm nbvkv jc msbg}b|kji hblm pm fbi fgmb~g{ vmm |db| |dm bsm~b`m lb{v jc fjggm fjggmf|k f|ki` i` bffj} bffj}i| i| ~mfm ~mfmks ksbn bngm gm dbv dbv nmmi nmmi ~msjg ~msjgski ski` ` b~j} b~j}il il ??< |j >??3 n}| bc|m~ |db| b||~bf|ksm f~mlk| jgkf{ mifj}~b`mv |dm vbgmv bil |dm vbgm dbv nmmi kif~mbvml)

Kismi|j~{ \}~ijsm~

I}hnm~ I}hnm~ jc |khmv b ck~hv kismv|hmi| ki kismi|j~{ kv ~mfj ~mfj} }ml ml l}~ki l}~ki` ` bi bffj}i|ki` m~kjl) m~kjl) Ij~hbgg{ b dk`d i}hnm~ kilkfb|mv b `~mb|m~ vbgmv `~mb|m~ vbgmv mcckfkmif{


3> jc 264 26 4


bil b gjpm~ ~kva jc gjvv |d~j}`d }i(vbgmbngm v|jfa ) Djpmsm~' bi kismi|j~{ |}~ijsm~ |db| |}~ijsm~ |db| kv j}| jc ~jj~|kji |j kil}v|~{ ij~hv hb{ v}``mv| gjvvmv l}m |j vdj~|b`mv'' bil jj~ f}v|jhm~(vm~skfm vdj~|b`mv jj~ f}v|jhm~(vm~skfm)) Kismi|j~{ Kismi|j~{ \}~ijsm~ jc _bfab`mv _bfab`mv gkhk|ml cj~ |dm {mb~v >??<(>??4 dbv nmmi `ksmi nmgjp5 (

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

6)?< \khmv

6)2? \khmv

6)=3 \khmv

6)4? \khmv

6)20 \khmv

Vm~kmv2

=)??

<)??

6)??

6)4?

6)=3

6)20

6)2?

6)?<

>)??

2)??

?)?? >??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dm kismi|j~{ |}~ijsm~ cj~ |dm fjhbi{ dbv nmmi ~msjgsml ki |dm ~b`m jc 6 |j < |khmv ki |dm bibg{uml {mb~v) Kik|kbgg{ ki >??= |dm fjhbi{ dbv kh~jsml k|v kismi|j~{ kismi|j~{ |}~ijsm~ n}| bc|m~ >??= |dm~m kv lmfgkim pdkfd vdjpv |dm vgjp mccmf| ki fjhbi{ fjhbi{ ~jl}f ~jl}f|kji |kji ~jfmv ~jfmvv) v) \dm kismi|j~ kismi|j~{ { hjnkgku hjnkgkub|k b|kji ji ki |j ckikvdm ckikvdml l `jjlv dbv nmmi pmbamiml jsm~ |dm gbv| {mb~ pdkfd kv ij| `jjl vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{ vdjpki` kimcckfkmif{ jc |dm fjhbi{ nmfb}vm |dm fjhbi{ kv ij| bngm |j fjism~| k|v kismi|j~{ ki|j vbgmv |dbi |dm bv|)

Lb{v Vbgmv ki Kismi|j~{

\dkv ~b|kj hmbv}~mv |dm i}hnm~ jc lb{v jc lb{v bi k|mh kv dmgl bv kismi|j~{ nmcj~m k| kv vjgl)) \dm gjpm~ |dm lb{v kismi|j~{' |dm hj~m mcckfkmi| |dm fjhbi{ kv' bgg j|dm~ vjgl |dki`v nmki` mr}bg) Lb{‛v kismi|j~{ kv |dm ck~v| v|m hmbv}~ml ki |dm fbvd fjism~vkji fjism~v kji f{fgm f{fgm'' cjgg cjggjpm jpml l n{ Lb{ Lb{vv Vbg Vbgmv mv J}|v J}|v|bil |bilki` ki` bil lb{ lb{vv b{ b{bngm bngm


36 jc 264 26 4


j}|v|bilki`)) Lb{‛v vbgmv ki kismi|j~{ cj~ |dm _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m dbsm j}|v|bilki` nmmi `ksmi bv }ilm~5 (

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

2>? Lb{v

224 Lb{v

2?6 Lb{v

;3 Lb{v

22= Lb{v

Vm~kmv2

2?

224

22=

2??

2>?

2?6

;3

4? 3? ? ? >??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dm gjpmv| i}hnm~ jc Lb{v Fjhbi{‛v kismi|j~{ dmgl cj~ vbgm kv ki >??= pk|d fjhb fjhb~m ~m |j bgg bgg j|dm~ j|dm~ {mb~ {mb~vv nmfb nmfb}vm }vm ki bgg bgg j|dm~ j|dm~ {mb~ {mb~vv kismi kismi|j~ |j~{ { |j vbgm vbgmvv jm~b jm~b|kj |kjiv iv |bam |bam hj~m hj~m lb{v lb{v |dbi |dbi >? >??< ?<)) Bc|m Bc|m~~ >?? >??= = |dm |dm i}hnm i}hnm~~ jc lb{v lb{v kv fji|ki}j}vg{ kif~mbvki` pdkfd kv ij| `jjl kilkfb|j~ cj~ |dm fjhbi{ nmfb}vm |dm |khm |bami n{ |dm fjhbi{ |j fjism~| k|v kismi|j~{ ki|j vbgmv dbv nmmi kif~mbvki` pdkfd vdjp |dm kimcckfkmif{ jc |dm kismi|j~{ |j vbgmv jm~b|kjiv jc |dm fjhbi{)

Pj~aki` Fbpk|bg \}~ijsm~

\dkv ~b|kj ~jsklmv vjhm }vmc}g kicj~hb|kji bv |j djp mccmf|ksmg{ b fjhbi{ kv }vki` k|v pj~aki` fbk|bg |j `mim~b|m vbgmv) B fjhbi{ }vmv pj~aki` fbk|bg $f}~~mi| bvvm|v ( f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv+ |j c}il jm~b|kjiv bil }~fdbvm kismi|j~{) \dmvm jm~b|kjiv bil kismi|j~{ b~m |dmi fjism~|ml ki|j vbgmv ~msmi}m cj~ |dm fjhbi{) \dm pj~aki` fbk|bg |}~ijsm~ ~b|kj kv }vml |j bibg{um |dm ~mgb|kjivdk nm|pmmi |dm hjim{ }vml |j c}il jm~b|kjiv bil |dm vbgmv `mim~b|ml c~jh |dmvm jm~b|kjiv) Ki b `mim~bg vmivm' |dm dk`dm~ |dm pj~aki` fbk|bg |}~ijsm~' |dm Ckibifkbg V|b|mhmi| Bibg{vkv

3< jc 264 26 4


nm||m~ nmfb}vm nmfb}vm k| hmbiv |db| |dm fjhbi{ kv `mim~b|ki` `mim~b|ki` b gj| jc vbgmv fjhb~ml fjhb~ml |j |dm hjim{ k| }vmv |j c}il |dm vbgmv) \dm pj~aki` fbk|bg |}~ijsm~ cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m c~jh |dm {mb~ >??<(>??4 dbv nmmi `ksmi nmgjp5 (

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

;)63 \khmv

6)2< \khmv

0)2> \khmv

6)2; \khmv

4)43 \khmv

Vm~kmv2

2?)?? ;)??

;)63

4)43

4)?? 0)2>

0)?? 3)?? =)?? <)?? 6)??

6)2;

6)2<

>)?? 2)?? ?)?? >??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj jsm~ |dm {mb~ dbv nmmi 2 v| kif~mbvml bil |dmi lmf~mbvml jsm~ |dm {mb~v) Ki |dm {mb~ >??4 |dm ~b|kj dk`dg{ kif~mbvml bil vdjpv |dm mcckfkmif{ jc |dm fjhbi fjhbi{ { c}ilki` c}ilki`'' }|kgkuki }|kgkuki` ` |dmvm |dmvm c}ilv c}ilv |j fjism~| fjism~| ki `mim~b `mim~b|ki` |ki` vbgmv vbgmv djpmsm~ |dm bv| |~mil kv kilkfb|ki` kilkfb|ki` |db| |dkv ~b|kj pkgg nm lmf~mbvml lmf~mbvml imt| {mb~) \dm {mb~ >??4 dbv nmmi ~jsml |dm nmv| {mb~ bhji` bgg vdjpv |dm `~mb|m~ mccj~| bil mcckfkmif{ jc |dm hbib`mhmi|)

F}~~mi|v Bvvm|v |}~ijsm~

F}~~mi| Bvvm|v \}~ijsm~ ~b|kj vdjpv |dm ~jl}f|ksk|{ jc |dm fjhbi{v f}~~mi| bvvm|v) \dkv ~b|kj kilkfb|mv djp mcckfkmi|g{ b ck~h kv }vki` k|v f}~~mi| bvvm|v |j `mim~b|m ~msmi}m |j hmm| k|v vdj~| |m~h mtmivmv) Dk`dm~ |dm ~b|kj kv cbsj~bngm


3= jc 264 26 4


vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{) \dm f}~~mi| bvvm| |}~ijsm~ jc |dm _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv `ksmi nmgjp5 (

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

2)0> \khmv

2)04 \khmv

>)2? \khmv

2)<2 \khmv

>)>? \khmv

Vm~kmv2

>)=? >)>?

>)2?

>)?? 2)04 2)=?

2)0>

2)<2

2)??

?)=?

?)?? >??<

>??=

>? ?3

>??0

>??4

\dkv \d kv ~b|k ~b|kj j hmbv hmbv}~ }~mv mv |dm |dm i} i}hn hnm~ m~ jc |khm |khmvv |dm |dm ck~h ck~h‛v ‛v f}~~ f}~~mi mi|| bvvm bvvm|v |v dbv dbv fji|~kn}|ml ki `mim~b|ki` vbgmv) \dkv ~b|kj vdjpv |dm dk`dmv| ck`}~m ki >??< bhji` bgg |dm {mb~v) Bc|m~ |dm kif~mbvm ki |dm {mb~ >??3 |dkv ~b|kj dbv nmmi fji|ki}j}vg{ lmf~mbvki` ki imt| {mb~v) Pm fbi fgmb~g{ vmm |db| bc|m~ |dm {mb~ >??3 |dm ck~h dbv lmf~mbvml k|v mcckfkmif{ ki }vki` k|v f}~~mi| bvvm|v |j `mim~b|m |dm ~msmi}m) \dkv dbmiml nmfb}vm |dm kif~mbvki` bhj}i| jc F@V jsm~ |dm {mb~v) \dm fjhbi{ dbv |j nmb~ dk`d fjv| jc F@V bil jm~b|ki` mtmivml |dbi mb~gkm~) \dm fjhbi{‛v f}~~mi| bvvm|v b~m ij| `~jpki` ~bklg{ bv fjhb~m |j F@V bil mtmivmv) \dkv kv ij| b `jjl vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{)

Cktml Bvvm| \}~ijsm~

Hmbv}~m jc |dm ~jl}f|ksk|{ |dm ~jl}f|ksk|{ jc b ck~h ck~h'' k| kilkfb|mv |dm bhj}i| jc vbgmv jc vbgmv `mim~b|ml n{ mbfd }ik| vmi| ji cktml bvvm|v' bvvm|v' bil |dm bhj}i| jc cktml bvvm|v ~mr}k~ml |j


33 jc 264 26 4


`mim~b|m b vmfkckf gmsmg jc ~msmi}m ~msmi}m)) Fdbi`mv ki |dkv ~b|kj jsm~ |khm ~mcgmf| pdm|dm~ j~ ij| |dm ck~h kv nmfjhki` hj~m mcckfkmi| ki |dm }vm jc k|v cktml bvvm|v) \dm cktml bvvm| |}~ijsm~ jc |dm _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m kv `ksmi nmgjp5 (

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)=6 \khmv

?)=0 \khmv

?)4? \khmv

2)<4 \khmv

2)4> \khmv

Vm~kmv2

>)?? 2)4? 2)3?

2)4>

2)
2)<4

2)>? 2)?? ?)4?

?)4? ?)3?

?)=0

?)
?)=6

?)>? ?)?? >??<

>??=

>?? 3

>??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj hmbv}~mv |dm mcckfkmif{ jc |dm hbib`mhmi| ki }vki` k|v cktml bvvm|v cj~ `mim~b|ki` vbgmv |db| djp hbi{ |khmv ck~h dbv fjism~|ml k|v cktml bvvm|v ki `mim~b|ki` vbgmv) Dk`dm~ |dm ~b|kj kv |dm cbsj~bngm kilkfb|j~ cj~ |dm fjhbi{) \dkv ~b|kj jc |dm ck~h dbv nmmi lmf~mbvki` {mb~ bc|m~ {mb~ pdkfd kv ij| cbsj~bngm kilkfb kilkfb|j~ |j~ cj~ cj~ |dm fjh fjhbi bi{) {) \d \dkv kv ~b|kj ~b|kj vdjpv vdjpv |db| |db| |dm |dm ck~h ck~h kv gjjvki gjjvki` ` k|v k|v mcck mcckfk fkmi mif{ f{ jc }vki` }vki` cktm cktml l bvvm bvvm|v |v |j `mim `mim~b ~b|m |m |dm |dm vbgm vbgmv) v) \d \dkv kv ~b|kj ~b|kj kv bgvj bgvj kilkfb|ki` |db| |dm m~fmi|b`m jc kif~mbvm ki cktml bvvm|v kv `~mb|m~ |db| |dm m~f m~fmi mi|b |b`m `m jc kif~ kif~mb mbvm vm ki vbgm vbgmvv pdkfd pdkfd gmbl gmblvv |j |dm kimc kimcck ckfk fkmif mif{ { jc ck~h ck~h‛v ‛v hbib`mhmi| ki }vki` k|v cktml bvvm|v)

\j|bg Bvvm|v \}~ijsm~

Bvvm| |}~ijsm~ kv b ckibifkbg ~b|kj |db| hmbv}~mv |dm mcckfkmif{ mcckfkmif{ jc b fjhbi{v }vm jc k|v bvvm|v ki `mim~b|ki` vbgmv ~msmi}m j~ vbgmv kifjhm |j |dm fjhbi{) Dk`dm~ |dm ~b|kj vdjpv |dm mcckfkmif{ jc |dm hbib`mhmi| k)m) }vki` k|v |j|bg Ckibifkbg V|b|mhmi| Bibg{vkv

30 jc 264 26 4


bvvm|v mcckfkmi|g{ ki `mim~b|ki` vbgmv) \dm |j|bg bvvm|v |}~ijsm~ cj~ |dm _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m kv `ksmi bv }ilm~5 (

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)=6 \khmv

?)=0 \khmv

?)4? \khmv

2)<4 \khmv

2)4> \khmv

2)?? ?);? ?)4? ?)0? ?)3? ?)=? ?)? ?)2? ?)??

Vm~kmv2

?);>

>??<

?)04

?)<3 ?)6>

>??=

>??3

>??0

?)63

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj hmbv}~mv |db| djp hbi{ |khmv |dm ck~h dbv fjism~|ml k|v |j|bg bvvm|v ki `mim~b|ki` vbgmv) \dkv ~b|kj dbv nmmi fji|ki}j}vg{ lmf~mbvml c~jh |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??0 vdjpki` |dm kimcckfkmif{ jc ck~h‛v ki }vki` k|v |j|bg bvvm| ki `mim~ `mim~b|k b|ki` i` vbgm vbgmv) v) Djpm Djpmsm sm~~ ki >?? >??4 4 |dm~m |dm~m kv b vgk`d vgk`d|| kif~m kif~mbv bvmm ki |dkv |dkv ~b|kj ~b|kj ki|m~~m|ki` ki|m~~m|ki` gk||gm nk| mccj~|v mccj~|v jc hbib`mhmi| hbib`mhmi| pk|d fjhb~m fjhb~m |j ~mskj}v ~mskj}v {mb~ n}| jsm~bgg |dkv ~b|kj dbv nmmi vdjpki` kimcckfkmif{ jc |dm hbib`mhmi| pdkfd kv ij| `jjl vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{)


34 jc 264 26 4


Vdj~| \m~h Gkr}klk|{ ^b|kjv

Gkr}klk|{ ~b|kjv ~jsklm kicj~hb|kji bnj}| b ck~hv bnkgk|{ |j hmm| k|v vdj~|(|m~h ckibifkbg jngk`b|kjiv) \dm{ b~m jc b~|kf}gb~ ki|m~mv| |j |djvm mt|milki` vdj~|( |m~h f~mlk| |j |dm ck~h) \j hmbv}~m |dm vdj~| |m~h gkr}klk|{ jc |dm fjhbi{ pm pkgg fbgf}gb|m |dm cjggjpki` ~b|kjv5 (

•

F}~~mi| ^b|kj

•

Bfkl \mv| ^b|kj

•

Fbvd ^b|kj

•

Fbvd Cgjp c~jh Jm~b|kjiv ^b|kj

•

Jm~b|ki` F{fgm

•

Pj~aki` Fbk|bg

F}~~mi| ^b|kj

Kilkfb|j~ jc b ck~hv bnkgk|{ |j hmm| vdj~|(|m~h ckibifkbg jngk`b|kjiv jngk`b|kjiv'' k| kv |dm ~b|kj jc f}~~mi| jc f}~~mi| bvvm|v |j f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv) gkbnkgk|kmv) \dj}`d msm~{ kil}v|~{ dbv k|v ~bi`m jc bffm|bngm f}~~mi|(~b|kjv' b ~b|kj jc >52 kv fjivklm~ml lmvk~bngm ki hjv| vmf|j~v)) Vkifm kismi|j~{ kv kifg}lml ki f}~~mi| bvvm|v' bfkl |mv| ~b|kj kv b hj~m vmf|j~v v}k|bngm hmbv}~m pdm~m vbgbnkgk|{ jc kismi|j~{ kv r}mv|kjibngm) \dm f}~~mi| ~b|kj jc |dm _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m c~jh |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 dbv nmmi `ksmi nmgjp5 ( >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

2)>652

>)<352

2)<452

2);=52

2)6;52


3; jc 264 26 4


Vm~kmv2

6)?? >)=?

>)<3

>)?? 2)=?

2);= 2)<4

2)6;

2)>6

2)?? ?)=? ?)?? >??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dm f}~~mi| ~b|kj vdjpv djp b ck~h kv bngm |j fjsm~ k|v f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv pk|d k|v f}~~mi| bvvm|v k| vdjpv |dm gkr}klk|{ jc |dm fjhbi{) \dm ~b|kj vkìkckmv sb~kbi| b||m~i pk|d ~kvki` bil cbggki` jnvm~sb|kjiv) \dm ~b|kj vdjpv |db| ck~h dbv hbib`ml |j f~mb|m b `jjl fjhnkib|kji jc |dm f}~~mi| bvvm|v bil gkbnk gkbnkgk| gk|km kmvv hbak hbaki` i` k| ckib ckibif ifkb kbgg{ gg{ vj}il vj}il bil bil gkr}k gkr}kl l mij}` mij}`d d |j fjsm fjsm~~ k|v k|v gkbnkgk|kmv) \dm~m kv djpmsm~ b v}nv|bi|kbg kif~mbvm ki |dm {mb~ >??0 bv fjhb~mv |j |dm ~mhbkiki` ~mhbkiki` jimv) \dkv dmijhmiji kv nmfb}vm nmfb}vm |dm ck~h dbv fjhb~b|ksm fjhb~b|ksmg{ g{ gk||gm bnj}il jc f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv)

Bfkl \mv| ^b|kj

Am{ hmbv}~m jc b ck~hv gkr}klk|{ gkr}klk|{'' k| bivpm~v |dm r}mv|kji .Fbi |dkv ck~h hmm| k|v f}~~mi| jngk`b|kjiv c~jh k|v gkr}kl bvvm|v kc v}llmig{ bgg vbgmv v|j:. Hj~m v|~ki`mi| |dbi f}~~mi| f}~~mi| ~b|kj' ~b|kj' k| mtfg}lmv kismi|j~kmv $|{kfbgg{ |dm gmbv| gkr}kl jc f}~~mi| bvvm|v+ bvvm|v+ |j fjifmi|~b|m ji |dm hj~m gkr}kl bvvm|v jc |dm ck~h) ]v}bgg{ ]v}bgg{ bi bfkl bf kl |m |mv| v| ~b ~b|kj |kj jc 2)? 2)? j~ dk`dm dk`dm~~ kv fjivkl fjivklm~ m~ml ml vb|k vb|kvc vcbf bf|j~ |j~{ { n{ gmilm~v bil kismv|j~v)) Bgvj fbggml bfkl ~b|kj j~ r}kfa kismv|j~v j~ r}kfa ~b|kj) ~b|kj) \dm bfkl |mv| ~b|kj jc _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 dbv nmmi `ksmi bv }ilm~5 (

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)<6 52

2)33 52

2)3? 52

>);< 52

2)3< 52


0? jc 264 26 4


Vm~kmv2

6)=? 52 6)?? 52

>);< 52

>)=? 52 >)?? 52 2)=? 52

2)3< 52

2)3? 52

2)33 52

2)?? 52 ?)=? 52

?)<6 52

?)?? 52 >??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dm bnjsm bnjsm fjh fjhb~ b~kvj kvji i vdjpv vdjpv |dm cbgg cbggki` ki` bil bil ~kvki ~kvki` ` b|| b||m~ m~iv iv ki |dm ~b|kj ~b|kj)) Djpmsm~ |dm bc|m~ kif~mbvki` ki >??= |dm~m kv lmf~mbvm ki |dkv ~b|kj jc |dm ck~h n}| ki |dm {mb~ >??4 |dm~m kv b `~mb| lmfgkim ki |dkv ~b|kj) \dkv kv l}m |j |dm fj}gm jc ~mbvjiv) •

\dm kif~mbvm ki f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv jc |dm fjhbi{ kv imb~ bnj}| 6 |khmv |j |dm ~mskj}v {mb~ >??0)

•

Vmfjil ck~h‛v kismi|j~kmv kif~mbvm imb~ bnj}| > |khmv pk|d fjhb~m |j |dm ~mskj}v {mb~ >??0)

Bv kismi|j~{ kv gmbv| gkr}kl f}~~mi| f}~~mi| bvvm| pdkfd fbi ij| hmm| |dm ck~h‛v f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv |db| kv pd{ bc|m~ lml}f|ki` |dm kismi|j~{ c~jh f}~~mi| bvvm|v ck~h dbv <6- jc f}~~mi| bvvm|v |j hmm|v k|v f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv pdkfd kv ij| cbsj~bngm kilkfb|j~ cj~ |dm fjhbi{) \dkv ~b|kj vdjpv |dm jj~ gkr}klk|{ jvk|kji jc |dm fjhbi{)

Fbvd ^b|kj

Fjhb~kvji jc fbvd g}v fbvd mr}ksbgmi|v |j f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv) gkbnkgk|kmv) Bgvj fbggml gkr}klk|{ ~b|kj' ~b|kj' k| kv b ~mckimhmi| jc r}kfa jc r}kfa ~b|kj bil kilkfb|mv |dm mt|mi| |j pdkfd |dm ~mblkg{ bsbkgbngm c}ilv fbi b{ fbi b{ jcc |dm f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv) Dk`dm~ |dm ~b|kj kv |dm cbsj~bngm vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{) \dm fbvd ~b|kj jc _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv5 (


02 jc 264 26 4


>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)?< 52

?)?= 52

?)?= 52

?)43 52

?)?4 52

Vm~kmv2

2)?? 52 ?)43 52 ?)4? 52

?)3? 52

?)
?)>? 52 ?)?4 52

?)?= 52

?)?? 52 >??<

>??=

>??3

?)?= 52 >??0

?)?< 52 >??4

\dkv ~b|kj pkgg hmbv}~m djp h}fd ck~h dbv fbvd bil fbvd mr}ksbgmi|v |j hmm| k|v f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv) \dm~m kv ij| vj h}fd sb~kb|kji ki |dkv ~b|kj mtfm| >??=) \dkv kv l}m |j ki |dm {mb~ >??= |dm ck~h dbv gjpm~ bhj}i| jc f}~~mi| f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv) \dkv ~b|kj kv vdjpki` gjpm~ ck`}~m nmfb}vm |dm fjhbi{ dbv hjv| jc k|v f}~~mi| bvvm|v ki |dm cj~h jc im| ~mfmksbngmv bil kismi|j~kmv) Vmfjil |dm ck~h dbv ij| msmi vki`gm vdj~| |m~h hb~am|bngm vmf}~k|{) _bfab`mv g|l dbsm sm~{ gjp bhj}i| ki dbil bv fjhb~m |j k|v f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|{) K| vmmhv |j nm ij| b cbsj~bngm vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{) Fbvd Cgj c~jh Jpm~b|kjiv ^b|kj

\dm Fbvd Cgjp c~jh Jm~b|kjiv ~b|kj $bgvj5 Jm~b|ki` Fbvd Cgjp+ kv }vml |j lm|m~hkim |dm mt|mi| |j pdkfd fbvd cgjp lkccm~v c~jh |dm ~mj~|ml gmsmg jc mk|dm~ Jm~b|ki` Kifjhm j~ Im| Kifjhm) $]ilm~ nj|d KC^V bil ]V @BB_ b fjhbi{ fbi v|kgg mbvkg{ ~mj~| dmbg|d{ kifjhm ck`}~mv' msmi pdkgm k|v fbvd ~mvj}~fmv b~m jj~+)


0> jc 264 26 4


Ki j|dm~ pj~lv5 k| kv b fdmfa ji |dm r}bgk|{ jc b fjhbi{v mb~iki`v) K|v b~`}bng{ b nm||m~ hmbv}~m jc b n}vkimvvv ~jck|v |dbi mb~iki`v' nmfb}vm b fjhbi{ fbi vdjp jvk|ksm im| mb~iki`v bil v|kgg ij| nm bngm |j b{ k|v lmn|v) B lkccm~mifm ki |dkv ~b|kj bil ^mj~|ml Mb~iki`v kv kilkfb|ksm jc v}nv|bi|kbg iji(fbvd iji(fbvd mtmivmv j~ vbgmv ki |dm ~mj~|ml kifjhm ck`}~mv ck`}~mv bil kc b ck~h ~mj~|v ~mfj~l mb~iki`v n}| im`b|ksm Jm~b|ki` Fbvd Cgjpv' k| hb{ nm }vki` b``~mvvksm bffj}i|ki` bffj}i|ki` |mfdikr}mv) Kc |dm Fbvd Cgjp c~jh Jm~b|kjiv Jm~b|kjiv ~b|kj kv v}nv|bi|kbgg{ v}nv|bi|kbgg{ gmvv |dbi jim j~ lmf~mbvki` * jj~ jsm~ b gji`m~ m~kjl jc |khm' fbvd cgjp ~jngmhv b~m gkamg{) \dm fbvd cgjp c~jh jm~b|kji jc _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv `ksmi nmgjp5 ( >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)>6 52

?)3< 52

?)== 52

?)=; 52

?)06 52

Vm~kmv2

?)4? 52 ?)0? 52

?)06 52 ?)3< 52

?)3? 52

?)=; 52

?)== 52

?)=? 52 ?)6 52

?)>? 52 ?)2? 52 ?)?? 52 >??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj jc |dm ck~h dbv nmmi lmf~mbvml c~jh >??< |j >??3 bil bc|m~ kif~mbvm ki >??0 |dm~m kv bn~}| lmfgkim ki |dm {mb~ >??4) \dm ~mbvjiv nmdkil |dm bn~}| fdbi`m ki |dkv ~b|kj b~m5 ( •

\dm kif~mbvm ki ck~h‛v F}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv kv = |khmv dk`dm~ pk|d fjhb~m |j |dm ~mskj}v {mb~ >??0) \dm kif~mbvm ki f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv kv l}m |j


06 jc 264 26 4


bn~}| kif~mbvm ki Ckibifm }ilm~ hb~a} b~~bi`mhmi| bil ck~h‛v f}~~mi| hb|}~k|{ jc gji` |m~h lmn|) •

Vmfjil hbej~ ~mbvji kv |db| |dm ck~h dbv lmf~mbvml =?- k|v jm~b|ki` ~jck| pk|d fjhb~m |j >??0) \dm ~mbvji nmdkil kv |db| ck~h F@V dbv nmmi kif~mbvml } |j 3;- l}~ki` |dm {mb~ >??4)

Jsm~bgg |dkv ~b|kj kv kilkfb|ki` ij| b dmbg|d{ vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{) Jpm~b|ki` F{fgm

Jim fjhgm|m ~jfmvv |db| bi{ ki}|(j}|}| v{v|mh }ilm~`jmv' bil ki pdkfd |dm kik|kbg bil ckibg v|b|mv b~m klmi|kfbg) klmi|kfbg) Bsm~b`m |khm |bami n{ b ck~h ki fjism~|ki` hm~fdbilkvm j~ ~bp hb|m~k hb|m~kbg bg nbfa ki|j fbvd fbvd)) Gjpm~ |dm bivpm~ jc |dm ~b|kj kv |dm cbsj~bngm vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{ bil skfm sm~vb) \dm jm~b|ki` f{fgm cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 ( >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

23> Lb{v

23? Lb{v

2
266 Lb{v

2=< Lb{v

Vm~kmv2

23?

23?

2=<

23>

2
2>?

4?

? >??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj hmbv}~m |dm |khm |bami n{ |dm ck~h |j fjhgm|m k|v jm~b|ki` f{fgm v|b~|ki` c~jh kismi|j~{ |j ~mfmkski` bhj}i| c~jh f~mlk|j~v) \dkv ~b|kj bc|m~


0< jc 264 26 4


lmfgkiki` ki >??= dbv nmmi kif~mbvml vkifm >??4) Djpmsm~ kif~mbvm ki >??0 bil >??4 kv }i}v}bg) \dkv kv nmfb}vm jc cjggjpki` ~mbvjiv5 ( •

\dm lb{v jc bffj}i| ~mfmksbngm fjggmf|kji jc |dm fjhbi{ dbv nmmi kif~mbvml ki |dmvm |pj {mb~v)

•

Fjhbi{ kv |baki` vj h}fd |khm |j fjism~| k|v kismi|j~{ ki|j vbgmv |dbi mb~gkm~)

\dkv \dkv ~b|kj ~b|kj kv ij| vdjpk vdjpki` i` |dm dmbg dmbg|d{ |d{ vkì cj~ cj~ |dm fjhbi{ fjhbi{ nmfb}v nmfb}vmm |dm jm~b|ki` jm~b|ki` f{fgm lb{v jc |dm fjhbi{ fjhbi{ dbv nmmi kif~mbvml kif~mbvml gmblki` gmblki` |jpb~lv |jpb~lv vgjp ~j`~mvv jc ck~h‛v jm~b|kjiv) Pj~aki` Fbpk|bg

Fbvd j~ mr}ksbgmi| |j fbvd j~ kismi|j~{ bsbkgbngm cj~ lb{ cj~ lb{ |j lb{ jm~b|kjiv jc b ck~h)) V|~kf|g{ vmbaki`' jim nj~~jpv fbvd $bil ij| pj~aki` fbk|bg+ |j nm bngm ck~h |j n}{ |j n}{ bvvm|v j~ |j b{ |j b{ cj~ jngk`b|kjiv jngk`b|kjiv)) Bgvj fbggml f}~~mi| fbk|bg) fbk|bg) \dkv kv |dm kilkfb|kji jc |dm vdj~| ~}i vjgsmif{ jc |dm fjhbi{) Dk`dm~ |dm bhj}i| jc pj~aki` fbk|bg' vdjpki` v|~mi`|d jc |dm fjhbi{) \dm pj~aki` fbk|bg cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 ( >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

2'6?3'=44'???

>'40>'?>2'???

2'2?2';;4'???

>'>>>';?0'???

30=';6>'???

v l i b v } j d \

Vm~kmv2

6'=??'??? 6'???'???

>'40>'?>2

>'=??'???

>'>>>';?0 >'???'??? 2'=??'???

=??'???

2'6?3'=44

2'2?2';;4

2'???'???

30=';6>

(

>??<

>??=


>??3

>??0

>??4

0= jc 264 26 4


\dkv ~b|kj cj~ |dm ck~h vdjpv |dm ~kvki` bil cbggki` b||m~iv) K| kif~mbvm bil |dmi lmf~mbvm {mb~ bc|m~ {mb~ ~mvmf|ksmg{) \dm dk`dmv| ck`}~m kv vdjpi ki |dm {mb~ >??0 ki pdkfd |dm ck~h dbv dk`dmv| pj~aki` fbk|bg pk|d fjhb~m |j bgg |dm {mb~v) Nj|d |dm f}~~mi| bvvm|v bil f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv jc |dm ck~h dbsm nmmi kif~mbvml ki |dm {mb~ >??4 n}| pj~aki` fbk|bg kv lmf~mbvml ki |dm {mb~ >??4) \dm ~mbvji nmdkil |dkv cbf| kv5 ( •

Kif~mbvm ki ck~h‛v f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|{ kv h}fd gb~`m~ |dbi |dm fdbi`m ki kif~mbvm ki |dm f}~~mi| bvvm|v) \dm f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv dbsm nmmi kif~mbvml 6 |khmv pdkgm |dm f}~~mi| bvvm|v kif~mbvm 2)= |khmv pk|d fjhb~m |j |dm ~mskj}v {mb~ c~jh |dm {mb~ >??0 |j >??4)

\dkv \dkv ~b|k ~b|kj j kv ij ij|| vdjpki vdjpki` ` `j `jjl jl vkì vkì cj~ cj~ |dm fjhb fjhbi{ i{ nmfb nmfb}vm }vm |dm |dm v~mb v~mbl l nm|pmmi |dm f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv bil f}~~mi| bvvm|v kv ij| gmvvm~)


03 jc 264 26 4


F+

_~jck|bnkgk|{ _~jck|bnkgk|{ ^b|kjv

B fgbv fgbvvv jc ckib ckibif ifkbg kbg hm|~ hm|~kf kfvv |db| |db| b~m b~m }vml }vml |j bvvm bvvmvv vv b n}vki n}vkimv mvv vvv bnkgk bnkgk|{ |{ |j `mim~b|m mb~iki`v bv fjhb~ml |j k|v mtmivmv bil j|dm~ ~mgmsbi| fjv|v kif}~~ml l}~ki` b vmfkckf m~kjl jc |khm) Cj~ hjv| jc |dmvm ~b|kjv' dbski` b dk`dm~ sbg}m ~mgb|ksm |j b fjhm|k|j~v ~b|kj j~ |dm vbhm ~b|kj c~jh b ~mskj}v m~kjl kv kilkfb|ksm |db| |dm fjhbi{ kv ljki` pmgg)

Vjhm mtbhgmv jc ~jck|bnkgk|{ ~b|kjv b~m ~jck| hb~`ki' ~m|}~i ji bvvm|v bil ~m|} ~m|}~i ~i ji mr}k mr}k|{ |{)) K| kv khj khj~| ~|bi bi|| |j ij ij|m |m |db| |db| b gk|| gk||gm gm nk| nk| jc nbfa nbfa`~ `~j} j}il il aijpgml`m kv imfmvvb~{ ki j~lm~ |j hbam ~mgmsbi| fjhb~kvjiv pdmi bibg{uki` |dmvm ~b|kjv)

Cj~ kiv|bifmv' vjhm kil}v|~kmv mtm~kmifm vmbvjibgk|{ ki |dmk~ jm~b|kjiv) \dm ~m|b ~m|bkg kg

kil} kil}v| v|~{ ~{''

cj~ cj~

mtbh mtbhg gm' m' |{k |{kfb fbgg gg{ {

mtm mtm~~kmif kmifmmv

dk`d dk`dm~ m~ ~ms ~msmi}m mi}mvv

bil mb~iki`v mb~iki`v cj~ |dm Fd~kv|hbv vmbvji) \dm~mcj~m' \dm~mcj~m' k| pj}gl ij| nm |jj }vmc}g |j fjhb~ fjhb~mm b ~m|bkg ~m|bkgm~ m~vv cj}~|d( cj}~|d(r}b r}b~|m ~|m~~ ~jck| ~jck| hb~`k hb~`ki i pk|d k|v ck~v|(r ck~v|(r}b~ }b~|m~ |m~ ~jck| ~jck| hb~` hb~`ki ki)) Ji |dm |dm j|dm~ j|dm~ dbil dbil'' fjhb fjhb~k ~ki` i` b ~m|b ~m|bkg kgm~ m~v v cj}~ cj}~|d( |d(r}b r}b~| ~|m~ m~ ~jc ~jck| k| hb~`ki pk|d |dm ~jck| hb~`ki c~jh |dm vbhm m~kjl b {mb~ nmcj~m pj}gl nm cb~ hj~m kicj~hb|ksm) Ki |dkv vmf|kji pm pkgg fbgf}gb|m cjggjpki` ~b|kjv5 ( •

Im| ~jck| hb~`ki

•

Jm~b|ki` ~jck| hb~`ki

•

_~jck| nmcj~m |bt Hb~`ki

•

@~jvv ~jck| hb~`ki

•

^m|}~i ji bvvm|

•

^m|}~i ji \j|bg Mr}k|{

•

^m|}~i ji fjhhji mr}k|{

•

^m|}~i ji kismv|hmi|

•

Jm~b|ki` Bvvm| \}~ijsm~


00 jc 264 26 4


^m|}~i ji Jm~b|ki` Bvvm|

•

L}j _ji| ~m|}~i ji \j|bg Bvvm|

•

L}j _ji| ~m|}~i ji Jm~b|ki` Bvvm|

Im| p~jck| hb~`ki

\dkv ~b|kj hmbv}~mv djp h}fd j}| jc msm~{ }ik| jc vbgmv b fjhbi{ bf|}bgg{ ammv ki mb~iki`v) mb~iki`v) _~jck| _~jck| hb~`ki kv sm~{ }vmc}g pdmi fjhb~ki` fjhb~ki` fjhbikmv fjhbikmv ki vkhkgb~ kil}v|~kmv) B dk`dm~ ~jck| hb~`ki kilkfb|mv b hj~m ~jck|bngm fjhbi{ |db| dbv nm||m~ fji|~jg jsm~ k|v fjv|v fjhb~ml fjhb~ml |j k|v fjhm|k|j~v) fjhm|k|j~v) _~jck| hb~`ki kv lkvgb{ml bv b m~fmi|b`m1 b >?- ~jck| hb~`ki' cj~ mtbhgm' hmbiv |dm fjhbi{ dbv b im| kifjhm jc ?)>? cj~ mbfd }ik| jc vbgmv) K| kv bgvj aijpi bv Im| _~jck| Hb~`ki)

Gjjak Gjjaki` i` b| |dm |dm mb~i mb~iki` ki`vv jc b fjh fjhbi{ bi{ jc|mi jc|mi lj ljmvi mvi| | |mgg |mgg |dm mi|k mi|k~m ~m v|j~{ v|j~{)) Kif~mbvml mb~iki`v b~m `jjl' n}| bi kif~mbvm ljmv ij| hmbi |db| |dm ~jck| hb~`ki jc b fjhbi{ kv kh~jski`) Cj~ kiv|bifm' kc b fjhbi{ dbv fjv|v |db| dbsm kif~mbvml b| b `~mb|m~ ~b|m |dbi vbgmv' k| gmblv |j b gjpm~ ~jck| hb~`ki) \dkv kv bi kilkfb|kji |db| fjv|v imml |j nm }ilm~ nm||m~ fji|~jg) \dm im| ~jck| hb~`ki jc _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv5 ( >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

$2)3?+

<0);2-

00)0=-

2<)6?-

2=);;-


04 jc 264 26 4

_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m Vm~kmv2

46)??

00)0=-

32)?? <0);26;)?? 20)??

2=);;-

$=)??+ >??<

2<)6?-

>??=

>??3

>??0

$2)3?+ >??4

\dkv ~b|kj bc|m~ b gk||gm nk| lmf~mbvki` ki >??= kif~mbvm dk`dg{ ki >??3 bil |dmi v|b~|ml lmfgkiki` bil b| |dm mil |dm~m kv im`b|ksm ~jck| * gjvv ki >??;) \dm dk`dmv| sbg}m bhji` bgg kv l}~ki` |dm {mb~ >??3 k)m) 00)0=- jc im| vbgmv) \dkv kv nmfb}vm |dm fjhbi{ dbv dk`dmv| im| ~jck| l}~ki` |dkv {mb~) \dm mt|~bj~lkib~{ kif~mbvm ki ~jck| kv l}m |j cjggjpki` ~mbvjiv5 ( •

Fjhbi{ dbv `bkiml lksklmil kifjhm c~jh |dm j|dm~ ~mgb|ml b~|kmv)

•

Fjh Fjhbi{ bi{ dbv dbv mb~i mb~iml ml vj h}fd }fd ji |dm |dm vbgm vbgm jc gjbi gjbi jc gji` gji` |m~ |m~h kismv|hmi|v k)m) `bki ji vbgm jc gji` |m~h kismv|hmi|v)

Djpmsm~ ki >??4 fjhbi{ dbv |j cbfm gjvv) \dm ~mbvjiv nmdkil cbfki` |dkv gjvv b~m bv }ilm~5 ( •

Fjhb Fjhbi{ i{‛v ‛v F@V F@V fjv| fjv| dbv dbv nmmi nmmi kif~ kif~mb mbvm vml l 2)= 2)= |khm |khmvv bv fjh fjhb~ b~mm |j ~mskj}v {mb~ >??0)

•

\dm fjhbi{ dbv |j b{ d}`m bhj}i| jc ki|m~mv| ~b|m cj~ dkv lmn|v kifg}lki` Ki|m~mv| bil hb~a } kifg}lki` fjhhk|hmi| fdb~`mv ji j

Gji`(|m~h ckibifmv

j

Ckibifmv }ilm~ hb~a } b~~bi`mhmi|v

j

Ckibifm gmbvm

j

Gjbi dbilgki` fdb~`mv

j

Gjvv ji f~jvv f}~~mif{ vpb

j

Mtfdbi`m gjvv

j

Nbia fdb~`mv


0; jc 264 26 4


Lmf~mbvm ki |dkv ~b|kj kv ij| b cbsj~bngm kilkfb|j~ cj~ |dm fjhbi{' k| kv sm~{ lbi`m~v cj~ |dm dmbg|d jc |dm fjhbi{)

Jpm~b|ki` p~jck| hb~`ki

Jm~b|ki` Jm~b|k i` ~jck| cj~ b fm~|bki m~kjl lksklml lksklml n{ ~msmi}mv cj~ |db| m~kjl) Jm~b|ki` ~jck| Jm~b|ki` ~jck| hb~`ki kilkfb|mv djp mccmf|ksm b fjhbi{ kv b| fji|~jggki` |dm fjv|v bil mtmivmv bvvjfkb|ml pk|d |dmk~ ij~hbg n}vkimvv ij~hbg n}vkimvv jm~b|kjiv jm~b|kjiv)) Dk`dm~ |dm ~b|kj kv |j nm fjivklm~ml b cbsj~bngm vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{ bil skfm sm~vb) \dm jm~b|ki` ~jck| hb~`ki cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 (

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

6)6>-

4)2>-

22)0?-

2<)?6-

2<)=;-

Vm~kmv2 >?)??2=)??-

2<)=;-

2<)?622)0?-

2?)??-

4)2>=)??-

6)6>-

?)??>??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj dbv nmmi lmfgkiki` jsm~ |dm {mb~v) \dm b~mi|b`m jc lmf~mbvm ki |dm {mb~ >??4 kv dk`dm~ bhji` bgg) \dj}`d im| vbgmv jc |dm fjhbi{ dbsm nmmi kif~mbvki` jsm~ |dm {mb~v n}| |dm jm~b|ki` ~jck| dbv nmmi lmf~mbvml hj~m |dbi |dm kif~mbvm ki |dm vbgmv) \dm hbej~ ~mbvji nmdkil |dm lmf~mbvm ki jm~b|ki` ~jck| kv5 ( •

\dm fji|ki}j}v kif~mbvm ki ck~h‛v Fjv| jc @jjlv Vjgl)

•

\dm fji|ki}j}v kif~mbvm ki ck~h‛v jm~b|ki` mtmivmv)


4? jc 264 26 4


Jsm~bgg |dkv ~b|kj kv ij| cbsj~ki` |dm fjhbi{) \dkv ~b|kj kv ij| b `jjl kilkfb|j~ cj~ |dm dmbg|d jc fjhbi{)

_~jck| * Gjvv nmcj~m |bt Hb~`ki

\dm bhj}i| n{ pdkfd im| kifjhm nmcj~m |bt mtfmmlv mtmilk|}~m) K| ~m~mvmi|v |dm bhj}i| jc vbgmv ~msmi}m |db| b fjhbi{ fjhbi{ mb~iv bv ~m(|bt ~jck|v) K| kv }vmc}g pb{ jc fjhb~ki` n}vkimvvmv ki |dm vbhm kil}v|~{ nmfb}vm k| mgkhkib|mv |dm sb~kbngm jc |btb|kji pdkfd fbi nm mccmf|ml n{ hbi{ |dki`v) \dm ~jck| * gjvv nmcj~m |bt hb~`ki cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv5 (

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

$>)=>+

=2)62-

4?);?-

24)06-

2;)4>-

Vm~kmv2

2??)?? 4?);?-

4?)?? 3?)??

=2)62-

?)??

2;)4>-

24)06-

( >??< $>?)??+

>??=

>??3

>??0

$>)=>+ >??4

\dkv ~b|kj vbhm gkam im| ~jck| hb~`ki bc|m~ b gk||gm nk| lmf~mbvki` ki >??= kif~mbvml dk`dg{ ki >??3 bil |dmi v|b~|ml lmfgkiki` bil b| |dm mil |dm~m kv im`b|ksm ~jck| * gjvv ki >??;) \dm dk`dmv| sbg}m bhji` bgg kv l}~ki` |dm {mb~ >??3 k)m) 4?);?- jc im| vbgmv) \dkv kv nmfb}vm |dm fjhbi{ dbv dk`dmv| ~jck| nmcj~m |bt l}~ki` |dkv {mb~) \dm ~mbvjiv nmdkil mt|~bj~lkib~{ kif~mbvm ki ~jck| b~m vbhm bv im| ~jck| hb~`ki k)m)5 ( •

Fjhbi{ dbv `bkiml lksklmil kifjhm c~jh |dm j|dm~ ~mgb|ml b~|kmv)

•

Fjh Fjhbi{ bi{ dbv dbv mb~i mb~iml ml vj h}fd }fd ji |dm |dm vbgm vbgm jc gjbi gjbi jc gji` gji` |m~ |m~h kismv|hmi|v k)m) `bki ji vbgm jc gji` |m~h kismv|hmi|v)


42 jc 264 26 4


Djpmsm~ ki >??4 fjhbi{ dbv |j cbfm gjvv) \dm ~mbvjiv nmdkil cbfki` |dkv gjvv b~m vbhm bv im| ~jck| hb~`ki k)m)5 ( Fjhb Fjhbi{ i{‛v ‛v F@V F@V fjv| fjv| dbv dbv nmmi nmmi kif~ kif~mb mbvm vml l 2)= 2)= |khm |khmvv bv fjh fjhb~ b~mm |j

•

~mskj}v {mb~ >??0) Fjhbi{‛v ckibifkbg fjv| bil ki|m~mv| mtmivm dbv nmmi kif~mbvml dk`dg{

•

pdkfd fb}vml gjvv |j |dm fjhbi{) \dm mtmivm jc |dm fjhbi{ bc|m~ |dm {mb~ >??3 dbv nmmi kif~mbvki` bil kif~mbvm ki v}fd mtmivm l}~ki` |dm {mb~ >??4 kv sm~{ dk`d pdkfd kv ij| `jjl cj~ |dm dmbg|d jc |dm fjhbi{) fjhbi{) \dkv ~b|kj kv kilkfb|ki` kilkfb|ki` }icbsj~bngm vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{) @~jvv p~jck| hb~`ki

Pdb| ~mhbkiv c~jh vbgmv bc|m~ b fjhbi{ fjhbi{ b{v b{v j}| |dm fjv| jc `jjlv vjgl) vjgl) \j jn|bki `~jvv `~jvv ~jck| ~jck| hb~`ki' hb~`ki' lksklm `~jvv ~jck| n{ vbgmv) @~jvv ~jck| hb~`ki kv mt~m mt~mvvm vvml l bv b m~fmi|b`m m~fmi|b`m)) Dk`d Dk`dm~ m~ |dm |dm ~b|k ~b|kj j kv |dm |dm cbsj cbsj~b ~bng ngmm vkì vkì cj~ cj~ |dm |dm fjhbi{ bil skfm sm~vb) \dm `~jvv ~jck| hb~`ki cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 ( >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

0)0>-

26)>4-

23)=?-

2;)?3-

>2)43-

Vm~kmv2

>=)??>?)??-

>2)432;)?323)=?-

2=)??-

26)>4-

2?)??0)0>=)???)??>??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dm `~jvv ~jck| hb~`ki cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m dbv nmmi lmf~mbvki` {mb~ bc|m~ {mb~) Djpmsm~ fjhbi{‛v vbgmv b~m kif~mbvki` {mb~ n{ {mb~ n}| |dm fdbi`m ki fjhbi{‛v F@V kv dk`dm~ |dbi |dm fdbi`m ki vbgmv pdkfd gmblv |j fji|ki}j}v


4> jc 264 26 4


lmf~mbvm ki |dkv ~b|kj) Mvmfkbgg{ ki |dm {mb~ >??4 |dkv ~b|kj dk`dg{ lmf~mbvml |dbi mb~g{ {mb~v nmfb}vm jc F@V kif~mbvml imb~ bnj}| 2)= |khmv bil |dm vbgm kv jig{ kif~mbvm 2)6= |khmv pk|fd fjhb~ki` |j |dm gbv| {mb~) \dm hbej~ ~mbvjiv nmdkil |dm kif~mbvm ki F@V b~m5 ( •

Fjv| jc ^bp hb|m~kbg dbv nmmi kif~mbvml 2)= |khmv pk|d fjhb~m |j |dm gbv| {mb~)

•

Fjhbi{‛v Fjhbi{‛v CJD dbv bgvj nmmi kif~mbvml kif~mbvml 2)3 |khmv pk|d fjhb~m fjhb~m |j |dm gbv| {mb~)

\dkv ~b|kj kv kilkfb|ki` |db| |dm kif~mbvm ki F@V kv gjpm~ |dbi |dm kif~mbvm ki vbgmv {mb~ bc|m~ {mb~ pdkfd kv ij| b `jjl vkì cj~ |dm dmbg|d jc |dm fjhbi{)

^m|}~i ji bvvm|

^JB)) B hmbv}~m jc b fjhbi{v ^JB fjhbi{v ~jck|bnkgk|{ ~jck|bnkgk|{'' mr}bg |j b ckvfbg {mb~v mb~iki`v lksklml n{ k|v |j|bg bvvm|v' bvvm|v' mt~mvvml bv b m~fmi|b`m m~fmi|b`m)) ^m|}~i ji bvvm|v $^JB+ ~msmbgv hbib`mhmi|v mccmf|ksmimvv ki `mim~b|ki` ~jck|v c~jh |dm bvvm|v dbv bsbkgbngm' bil kv m~dbv |dm vki`gm hjv| khj~|bi| hmbv}~m jc ~m|}~i) \dkv ~b|kj jc _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 (

>??4 (

= >? 2= 2? = (

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

2=)<>-

6=)=4-

22)>>-

2<)0;-

Vm~kmv2

6=)=4-

2<)0;-

>??<

2=)<>22)>>( >??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj hmbv}~mv hmbv}~mv djp mcckfkmi|g{ mcckfkmi|g{ hbib`mhmi| hbib`mhmi| kv }vki` k|v bvvm|v |j `mim~b|m `mim~b|m |dm vbgmv) Dk`dm~ |dm ~b|kj kv cbsj~bngm kilkfb|j~ cj~ |dm fjhbi{ bil vdjpv |dm


46 jc 264 26 4


mcckfkmif{ jc bvvm|v }|kgkub|kji ki `mim~b|ki` kifjhm) \dkv ~b|kj bc|m~ vdjpki` vgk`d vgk`d|| lmf~ lmf~mb mbvm vm ki >?? >??= = dbv nmmi nmmi kif~m kif~mbvm bvml l dk`dg dk`dg{ { ki >?? >??3 3 bil bil bc|m~ bc|m~pb pb~l ~l lmf~mbvki` fji|ki}j}vg{ vdjpki` |db| |dm ck~h kv ij| }vki` k|v bvv|v mcckfkmi|g{ bil mccmf|ksmg{) \dm ~mbvji nmdkil fji|ki}j}v lmf~mbvm ki |dkv ~b|kj kv |db| |dm kif~mbvm ki fjhbi{‛v bsm~b`m |j|bg bvvm| kv dk`dm~ |dbi |dm kif~mbvm ki im| kifjhm) \dm ~mbvjiv nmdkil bn~}| lmf~mbvm ki |dkv ~b|kj kv bn~}| kif~mbvm ki \j|bg bvvm|v ki |dm {mb~ >??0 b~m bv }ilm~5( •

Fjh Fjhbi bi{ { dbv dbv kif~ kif~mb mbvm vml l k|v k|v cktm cktml l bvvm bvvm|v |v gkam gkam ~j ~jm~ m~|{ |{ gbi gbi bil bil mr}khmi|v ki |dm {mb~ >??0 |pkfm |p kfm |dbi |dm ~mskj}v {mb~)

•

Fjhbi{ dbv kif~mbvml k|v kismv|hmi| bil hbamv kismv|hmi|v ki gji` |m~h bvvm|v)

Djpmsm~ lmf~mbvm ki |dkv ~b|kj ki >??4 kv ij| fb}vml n{ |dm kif~mbvm ki cktml bvvm| n}| |dm fjhbi{ fjhbi{ dbv |j cbfm gjvv l}~ki` |dkv {mb~ l}m |j f}~~mi| f}~~mi| hb|}~k|{ jc gji` |m~h lmn|v bil ki|m~mv| bil ckibifm fdb~`mv) Jsm~ bgg |dkv ~b|kj kv kilkfb|ki` |db| |dm ck~h kv ij| }vki` k|v bvvm|v mcckfkmi|g{ bil mccmf|ksmg{ |j `mim~b|m |dm kifjhm)

^m|}~i ji \j|bg Mr}k|{

B hmbv}~m jc djp pmgg b fjhbi{ }vml ~mkismv|ml ~mkismv|ml mb~iki`v |j `mim~b `mim~b|m |m bllk|kjibg mb~iki`v' mr}bg |j b ckvfbg {mb~v bc|m~(|bt kifjhm $bc|m~ ~mcm~~ml $bc|m~ ~mcm~~ml v|jfa lksklmilv n}| nmcj~m fjhhji v|jfa lksklmil lksklmilvv+ bsm~b`m |j|bg mr}k|{' mt~mvvml bv b m~fmi|b`m) K| kv }vml bv b `mim~bg kilkfb|kji jc |dm fjhbi{v mcckfkmif{11 ki j|dm~ pj~lv mcckfkmif{ pj~lv'' djp h}fd ~jck| k| kv bngm |j `mim~b|m `ksmi |dm ~mvj}~fmv ~jsklml n{ k|v v|jfadjglm~v) Kismv|j~v }v}bgg{ gjja cj~ fjhbikmv pk|d ~m|}~iv ji mr}k|{ |db| b~m dk`d bil `~jpki`) \dm ~m|}~i ji |j|bg mr}k|{ cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 (

>??4

>??0


>??3

>??=

>??<

4< jc 264 26 4


(2)2<-

>0)20-

3?)??-

=3);;-

20)?>-

>>)4<-

Vm~kmv2

=3);;-

=?)???)??-

>0)20-

>>)4<20)?>-

2?)???)??(2?)??->??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

(2)2<>??4

\dm b||m~i vdjpi ki `~bdkfbg ~m~mvmi|b|kji kv vbhm gkam |dm ~m|}~i ji bvvm| bil im| ~jck| hb~`ki bil ~jck| nmcj~m |bt hb~`ki) \dm nmv| ck`}~m kv vdjpi ki |dm {mb~ >??3 |dkv kv nmfb}vm jc dk`dmv| im| kifjhm bhji` bgg |dm {mb~v) Bc|m~ >??3 |dkv ~b|kj dbv nmmi fji|ki}j}vg{ lmf~mbvml nmfb}vm fjhbi{‛v im| kifjhm fji|ki}j}vg{ lmf~mbvml l}m |j |dm ~mbvjiv hmi|kjiml bnjsm) Ki |dm {mb~ >??4 fjhbi{ dbv |j cbfm gjvv) \dm fji|ki}j}v lmfgkim bc|m~ >??3 kv bgvj nmfb}vm jc fjhbi{ dbv ~bkvml hj~m c}ilv |d~j}`d mr}k|{ n{ kvv}ki` imp vdb~mv ki |dm {mb~ >??0 bil >??4) Djpmsm~ |dm lmfgkim ki |dm ~b|kj kv ij| b `jjl vkì cj~ |dm dmbg|d jc |dm fjhbi{) K| kv ij| b `jjl kilkfb|j~ |j mifj}~b`m kismv|j~v)

^m|}~i ji fjhhji mr}k|{

B sb~kb|kji jc |dm |dm ^m ^m|} |}~i ~i ji Mr} Mr}k| k|{ { cj~h}gb pdkfd v}n|~bf|v v}n|~bf|v ~mcm~~ml lksklmilv c~jh im| kifjhm bil ~mcm~~ml bil ~mcm~~ml mr}k|{ c~jh vdb~mdjglm~v mr}k|{) mr}k|{) \dkv sb~kb|kji vdjpv |dm mccmf| jc fjhhji jc fjhhji vdb~mv ji ji ~jck|bnkgk|{ ~jck|bnkgk|{)) \dkv ~b|kj jc |dm fjhbi{ kv vbhm bv bnjsm nmfb}vm |dm fjhbi{ dbv ij| msmi b vki`gm ~mcm~~ml v|jfa)

^m|}~i ji kismv|hmi|


4= jc 264 26 4


B hmbv}~m jc b fj~j~b|kjiv ~jck|bnkgk|{ ~jck|bnkgk|{'' mr}bg |j b ckvfbg {mb~v kifjhm lksklml n{ fjhhji v|jfa bil v|jfa bil ~mcm~~ml ~mcm~~ml v|jfa mr}k|{ v|jfa mr}k|{ g}v g}v gji`(|m~h lmn|) lmn|) ^JK hmbv}~mv djp mccmf|ksmg{ |dm ck~h }vmv k|v fbk|bg |j `mim~b|m ~jck| `mim~b|m ~jck|11 |dm dk`dm~ |dm ^JK' |dm nm||m~) Hj~m `mim~bgg{' `mim~bgg{' |dm kifjhm |db| bi kismv|hmi| ~jsklmv ki b {mb~) \dm ^JK cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 ( >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

>);;-

24)2;-

<6)62-

20)=3-

><);3-

Vm~kmv2

=?)??<6)62-

<);3>?)??-

24)2;-

20)=3-

2?)??>);;-

?)??>??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dm b||m~i jc |dkv ~b|kj kv e}v| gkam hjv| jc |dm ~jck|bnkgk|{ ~jck|bnkgk|{ ~b|kjv) \dm dk`dmv| ck`}~m kv vdjpi ki >??3 l}m |j |dm dk`dmv| im| kifjhm mb~iml n{ |dm fjhbi{ bil jim j|dm~ ~mbvji kv |db| |dm fjhbi{ dbv gjpm~ gji` |m~h lmn|v bil mr}k|{ |dbi bgg ~mv| jc |dm {mb~v) Djp msm~ |dm ~b|kj kv fji|ki}j}vg{ lmf~mbvml ki imt| {mb~ k)m) >??0 bil >??4 l}m |j |dm vmsm~bg ~mbvjiv5 ( •

\dm ck~h gji` |m~h lmn|v bil mr}k|{ dbv nmmi kif~mbvml 2)00 |khmv bil >)?4 |khmv pk|d fjhb~m |j |dm >??3) Ki >??4 |dm kif~mbvm ki gji` |m~h lmn| bil mr}k|{ kv 2)24 |khmv |j |dm {mb~ >??0)

Jsm~bgg |dm ~b|kj kv ij| kilkfb|ki` |dm cbsj~bngm vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{ nmfb}vm |dm fjhbi fjhbi{ { kv ij| }|kgkuk }|kgkuki` i` k|v kismv|h kismv|hmi|v mi|v mcckfkm mcckfkmi|g{ i|g{ bil mccmf| mccmf|ksm ksmg{ g{ |j `mim~b|m ~jck|v) Jpm~b|ki` Bvvm| \}~ijsm~


43 jc 264 26 4


\dkv ~b|kj hmbv}~m |db| djp hbi{ |khmv |dm ck~h dbv fjism~|ml k|v jm~b|ki` bvvm|v ki|j vbgmv) \dm dk`dm~ |dm bivpm~ jc |dm ~b|kj ~mcgmf|v |dm mcckfkmif{ jc hbib`mhmi| }vki` k|v jm~b|ki` bvvm|v) Dk`dm~ |dm bivpm~ jc |dm ~b|kj kv |dm cbsj~bngm vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{) \dm jm~b|ki` bvvm| |}~ijsm~ cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 ( >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

24)0? \khmv

?);3 \khmv

2)03 \khmv

<)=< \khmv

4)43 \khmv

Vm~kmv2 24)0?

>?)?? 2=)?? 2?)??

4)43

=)??

<)=< 2)03

?)?? >??<

>??=

>??3

?);3 >??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj bc|m~ |dm fji|ki}j}v lmfgkiki` |kgg >??0 dbv nmmi vdb~g{ kif~mbvml ki >??4) >?? 4)

Nmfb Nmfb}vm }vm |dm j jm~ m~b|k b|ki` i` bvvm bvvm|v |v jc |dm ck~h ck~h dbsm nmmi fji|ki fji|ki}j} }j}vg{ vg{

kif~mbvml |kgg >??0 n}| vbgmv kv ij| kif~mbvm } |j |db| mt|mi|) \dm kif~mbvm ki jm~b|ki` bvvm| kv dk`dm~ |dbi |dm kif~mbvm ki vbgmv) Djpmsm~ ki >??4 |dm jm~b|ki` bvvm|v dbv nmmi lmf~mbvm n}| vbgmv dbv nmmi kif~mbvml pdkfd vdjpv |dm mcckfkmif{ jc |dm hbib`mhmi| ki }vki` k|v f}~~mi| bvvm|v |j `mim~b|m |dm vbgmv) Mtfm| >??4 |dkv ~b|kj kv kilkfb|ki` ij| b `jjl vkì cj~ |dm dmg jc |dm fjhbi{ nmfb}vm |dm ck~h kv }ibngm |j }vm k|v jm~b|ki` bvvm|v mcckfkmi|g{ bil mccmf|ksmg{ pk|d fjhb~m |dm bv| {mb~)

^m|}~i ji Jpm~b|ki` Bvvm|

\dkv hmbv}~m sb~kmv vjhmpdb| c~jh |dm ~mfmlki` ~m|}~i ji bvvm|v mhgj{ml' nmfb}vm jig{ |djvm bvvm|v bf|ksmg{ }vml |j f~mb|m ~msmi}m b~m }vml ki |dm lmijhki lmijhkib|j~ b|j~)) \dkv cjf}vmv cjf}vmv hbib`m hbib`mhmi hmi|| b||mi|kj b||mi|kji i ji |dm bhj}i| bhj}i| jc bvvm|v bvvm|v bf|}bgg{ ~mr}k~ml |j ~}i |dm n}vkimvv' vj |db| k| dbv b |dmj~m|kfbg |b~`m|ml bvvm|


40 jc 264 26 4


gmsmg |j bfdkmsm) bfdkmsm) B |{kfbg ~mv}g| ~mv}g| jc |dkv hmbv}~mhmi| hmbv}~mhmi| kv bi ji`jki` fbhbkì fbhbkì |j mgkhkib|m }iimfmvvb~{ bvvm|v) \dm ~m|}~i ji jm~b|ki` bvvm| |}~ijsm~ cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv cjggjpv5 ( >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

3>)?<-

0)42-

>?)3=-

36)3;-

2>;)>>-

2?)??2??)??-

Vm~kmv2 2>;)>>-

4?)??3?)??-

36)3;-

3>)?<-

?)??-

>?)3=-

?)??>??<

>??=

>??3

0)42>??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj bc|m~ vdb~g{ lmfgkiki` |kgg >??0 dbv nmmi kif~mbvml ki >??4) \dm ~mbvji nmdkil vdb~ lmfgkim kv |db| |dj}`d| |dm jm~b|ki` bvvm|v jc |dm ck~h dbsm nmmi kif~mbvm jsm~ |dm {mb~v n}| im| kifjhm kv ij| kif~mbvm } |j |db| mt|mi|) \dm kif~mbvm ki jm~b|ki` bvvm| kv dk`dm~ |dbi |dm kif~mbvm ki im| kifjhm) Djpmsm~ ki >??0 jm~b|ki` bvvm| kif~mbvm >)22 |khmv n}| |dm im| kifjhm jc |dm fjhbi{ dbv nmmi lmf~mbvml 2)>= |khmv pk|d fjhb~m |j |dm ~mskj}v {mb~) \dkv kilkfb|m |db| |dm fjhbi{ kv ij| }vki` k|v jm~b|ki` bvvm|v mcckfkmi|g{ bil mccmf|ksmg{ |j `mim~b|m |dm im| kifjhm) Djpmsm~ |dm kif~mbvm ki >??4 kv nmfb}vm jc |dm lmf~mbvm ki jm~b|ki` bvvm|v l}m |j |dm kif~mbvm ki f}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv) Dm~m |dm lmf~mbvm ki jm~b|ki` bvvm| kv dk`dm~ |dbi |dm lmf~mbvm ki im| kifjhm jc |dm fjhbi{ |db| kv pd{ |dm bivpm~ jc |dkv ~b|kj kv dk`dm~) \dkv {mb~ kv vdjpki` |dm mcckfk mcckfkmif mif{ { jc |dm hbib`m hbib`mhmi hmi|| |db| |db| djpmsm~ djpmsm~ |dm jm~b| jm~b|ki` ki` bvvm|v bvvm|v dbv nmmi nmmi lmf~mbvm n}| hbib`mhmi| dbv }vml k|v jm~b|ki` bvvm|v hj~m mcckfkmi|g{ bil mccm mccmf| f|ks ksmg{ mg{ pk|d pk|d fjh fjhb~ b~mm |j |dm |dm ~ms ~mskj kj}v }v {mb~ {mb~v) v) Jsm~ Jsm~bgg bgg |dkv |dkv ~b|kj ~b|kj kv ij| kilkfb|ki` |dm `jjl vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{ dmbg|d nmfb}vm |dm fjhbi{ kv }ibngm |j }vm k|v bvvm|v mcckfkmi|g{ bil mccmf|ksmg{ |j `mim~b|m im| kifjhm)


44 jc 264 26 4


L}_ji| ~m|}~i ji \j|bg Bvvm|

^m|}~i ji Bvvm|v L}j _ji| kv b ckibifk ckibifkbg bg ~b|kj |db| vdjpv djp |dm ~m|}~i ji bvvm|v lmmilv lmmilv ji nj|d bvvm| |}~ijsm~ bil |}~ijsm~ bil ~jck| ~jck| hb~`ki) hb~`ki) \dm L}j _ji| hm|djl n~mbav j}| |dmvm |pj fjhjimi|v c~jh |dm ~m|}~i ji bvvm|v ~b|kj ki j~lm~ |j lm|m~hkim |dm khbf| jc mbfd ji |dm ~jck|bnkgk|{ jc |dm fjhbi{) \dm l}j L}_ji| ~m|}~i ji |j|bg bvvm| cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 ( >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

(?)=0-

2=)<>-

6=)=4-

22)>>-

2<)0;-

=)??>?)??2=)??- 2<)0;2?)??=)???)??(=)??>??<

Vm~kmv2

6=)=4-

2=)<>22)>>-

>??=

>? ?3

>??0

(?)=0>??4

\dm b||m~i vdjpi ki `~bdkfbg ~m~mvmi|b|kji kv vbhm gkam |dm ~m|}~i ji bvvm| bil im| ~jck| hb~`ki' ~jck| nmcj~m |bt hb~`ki bil |j|bg bvvm| |}~ijsm~) \dm nmv| ck`}~m kv vdjpi ki |dm {mb~ >??3 |dkv kv nmfb}vm jc dk`dmv| im| kifjhm bhji` bgg |dm {mb~v) Bc|m~ >??3 |dkv ~b|kj dbv nmmi fji|ki}j}vg{ lmf~mbvml nmfb}vm nmfb}vm fjhbi fjhbi{‛v {‛v im| kifjhm kifjhm fji|ki} fji|ki}j}vg j}vg{ { lmf~mb lmf~mbvml vml l}m |j |dm ~mbvjiv ~mbvjiv hmi|kjiml bnjsm) Ki |dm {mb~ >??4 fjhbi{ dbv |j cbfm gjvv) \dkv ~b|kj gkam bgg |dm ~jck|bnkgk|{ ~b|kjv kv ij| vdjpki` |dm cbsj~bngm kilkfb|j~ cj~ |dm fjhbi{)


4; jc 264 26 4


L+ Kismv|j~ ^b|kjv

Hjv| jc |dm kismv|j~ ~b|kjv |db| pm hk`d| imml |j }vm kv ~mgb|ksmg{ vkhgm nj|d |j }vm bil |j }ilm~v|bil) Pm fbi fji|~bv| |dmvm ~b|kjv pk|d j|dm~v' v}fd bv v|jfa bil lmn|j~v |}~ijsm~1 bil |dm ~mgb|kjivdkv nm|pmmi |dm ^JFM bil |dm ~jck| hb~`ki bil bvvm|v |}~ijsm~ ~b|kjv' b| |dm |j jc |dm {~bhkl jc ~b|kjv) \dm nbvkf ~b|kjv pm b~m ki|m~mv|ml ki b~m5 •

Ckibifkbg Gmsm~b`m

•

Mb~iki` _m~ Vdb~m

•

_~kfm Mb~iki` ^b|kj

•

Njja Sbg}m _m~ Vdb~m

•

Lksklmil _b{j}| ^b|kj

•

Lksklmil [kmgl

•

_m~fmi|b`m jc Mb~iki` ^m|bkiml

Ckibifkbg Gmsm~b`m

\dkv hmbv}~m |dm }vm jc ki|m~mv| bv cktml fdb~`mv |j kif~mbvm |dm kifjhm kv fbggml ckibifkbg ckibifkbg gmsm~b`m) gmsm~b`m) \dm ckibifkbg ckibifkbg gmsm~b`m cj~ _bfab`mv _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 (

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

(

?)23

?)2<

?)0=

?)0<


;? jc 264 26 4


2 2 2

Vm~kmv2 ?)0<

?)0=

2 ? ? ? ?

?)2<

?)23

(

(

>??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj vdb~g{ lmfgkim bc|m~ >??3) \dkv ~b|kj kv |mggki` |db| |dm mb~iki`v b~m ij| kif~mbvm hj~m |dbi |dm mb~iki` nmcj~m |bt # ki|m~mv| e}v| nmfb}vm jc ki|m~mv| bv b cktml fjv|) \dm ck~h dbv |j nmb~ dk`d ki|m~mv| ~b|mv bil ckibifki` fjv| n}| |dm kif~mbvm ki im| kifjhm kv ij| } |j |db| mt|mi|) Ki {mb~ >??4 fjhbi{ dbv |j cbfm gjvv e}v| nmfb}vm jc |dkv ki|m~mv| ~b|m bil f}~~mi| hb|}~k|{ jc gji` |m~h lmn|) Ck~h dbv bkl dk`d bhj}i| jc ki|m~mv| ~b|m ki >??4) \dkv ~b|kj kv ij| kilkfb|ki` b `jjl vkì cj~ |dm dmbg|d jc |dm fjhbi{) \dm ki|m~mv| bv b cktml fjv| kv ij| ~jsml |j nm `jjl |jjg |j kif~mbvm |dm kifjhm cj~ |dm fjhbi{) Mb~iki` _m~ Vdb~m

Mb~iki` m~ vdb~m hmbv}~m |dm fbvd cgjp |jpb~lv |dm v|jfa djglm~v) K| ~mcgmf|v |db| djp h}fd kifjhm kv `mim~b|ml n{ |dm fjhbi{ cj~ k|v v|jfadjglm~v) Dk`dm~ |dm mb~iki` m~ vdb~m vdjpv |dm jvk|ksm vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{ bil fb}vm b||~bf|kji |j |dm kismv|j~v ki ~bkvki` imp fbk|bg kc immlml) \dm mb~iki` m~ vdb~m cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv `ksmi nmgjp5 (

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

(

=4);3

40)6?

2<)=6

>?)2<


;2 jc 264 26 4


2?? 40)6?

4? 3?

=4);3

?

>?)2<

2<)=6

(

(

>??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj dbv nmmi cg}f|}b|ki` jsm~ |dm {mb~v) B`bki >??3 b~m ~jsmi |j nm |dm nmv| {mb~ cj~ |dm fjhbi{ ki pdkfd k| `mim~b|m dk`dmv| mb~iki` m~ vdb~m nmfb}vm jc |dm vkìkckfbifm kif~mbvm ki |dm im| kifjhm) \dm ~b|kj |milv |j nm lmfgkim ki imt| |pj {mb~v nmfb}vm jc lmf~mbvm ki im| kifjhm jc |dm fjhbi{ l}m |j |dm vmsm~bg ~mbvjiv bg~mbl{ lkvf}vvml) Ki |dm {mb~ >??4 |dkv ~b|kj |milv |j nm um~j nmfb}vm fjhbi{ dbv |j cbfm gjvv) \dkv ~b|kj kv ij| vdjpki` |dm `jjl vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{) \dkv ~mv}g| pkgg lkvfj}~b`m |dm kismv|j~v bv |dm M_V kv lmfgkiki`)

_~kfm Mb~iki` ^b|kj

_*M ~b|kj kv b }vmc}g kilkfb|j~ jc pdb| ~mhk}h j~ lkvfj}i| kismv|j~v b~m ~mb~ml |j b{ j~ ~mfmksm cj~ |dm kismv|hmi|) \dm dk`dm~ |dm ~kfm ki ~mgb|kji |j mb~iki`v' |dm dk`dm~ |dm _*M ~b|kj pdkfd kilkfb|mv |dm dk`dm~ |dm ~mhk}h bi kismv|j~ kv ~mb~ml |j b{ cj~ |dm vdb~m) \dkv jff}~v nmfb}vm |dm kismv|j~ kv mt|~mhmg{ fjicklmi| jc |dm j|mi|kbg `~jp|d bil mb~iki`v jc |dm vdb~m) \dkv ~b|kj ~b|kj kv bgvj bgvj fbgg fbggml ml mb~iki mb~iki`v `v h}g|kg h}g|kgmm) \dm mb~iki`v h}g|kgm cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv `ksmi bv }ilm~5 (

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

(

0)2?

>)6<

2>)<<

2?)2=


;> jc 264 26 4


2< 2>)<<

2> 2?

2?)2=

4

0)2?

3 < >)6<

> (

(

>??<

>??=

> ? ?3

>??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj jsm~ |dm {mb~ dbv nmmi cg}f|}b|ki` kif~mbvki` bil |dbi lmf~mbvki` |~mil) Dk`d _*M `mim~bgg{ ~mcgmf|v gjpm~ ~kva bil*j~ dk`dm~ `~jp|d ~jvmf|v cj~ mb~iki`v) \dm bnjsm ~b|kj vdjpv |db| |dm vdb~mv pm~m |~blml b| b h}fd dk`dm~ ~mhk}h ki >??= |dbi pm~m ki >??3) Ki >??= |dm ~kfm pbv 2>)<< |khmv dk`dm~ |dbi mb~iki`v pdkgm ki >??3' |dm ~kfm pbv jig{ >)6< |khmv dk`dm~ |dbi k|v mb~iki`) Ki >??4 |dkv ~b|kj kv lmf~mbvm |j |dm um~j nmfb}vm jc um~j mb~iki` m~ vdb~m) \dkv ~b|kj kv bgvj ij| vdjpki` |dm `jjl vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{‛v dmbg|d) \dm kismv|j~ pkgg bgvj ij| fjivklm~ k| `jjl)

Njja Sbg}m pm~ Vdb~m

B ck`}~m c~mr}mi|g{ }ngkvd ki |dm bii}bg ~mj~|v kv njja sbg}m m~ vdb~m' pdkfd kilkfb kilkfb|m |mvv |dm bhj} bhj}i| i| jc v|jfad v|jfadjg jglm~ lm~vv mr}k| mr}k|{ { |db| |db| ~mgb ~mgb|m |mvv |j mbfd mbfd vdb~m vdb~m jc j}|v|bilki` fjhhji v|jfa) \dm njja sbg}m m~ vdb~m cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 ( >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

2;>)4=

><0)3=

2;=)33

22?)02

44)24


;6 jc 264 26 4


6??)?? >=?)??

><0)3=

>??)??

2;=)33

2;>)4=

2=?)?? 2??)??

44)24

22?)02

=?)?? ?)?? >??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj jc |dm fjhbi{ v|b~|ml kif~mbvki` bil kif~mbvm |kgg >??0 n}| ki |dm {mb~ {mb~ >? >??4 ?4 k| lmfg lmfgkim kim)) \d \dmm ~mbvj ~mbvjiv iv cj~ cj~ kif~ kif~mb mbvm vm ki ~b|kj ~b|kj |kgg >? >??0 ?0 b~m b~m |dm |dm fji|ki}j}v fji|ki}j}v kif~mbvm ki |dm mr}k|{ jc |dm fjhbi{ bil |dm ij jc fjhhji fjhhji v|jfa j}|v|bilki` |kgg >??0) \dm ~mbvjiv nmdkil lmfgkiki` |dkv ~b|kj ki >??4 b~m5 ( •

Fjhbi{‛v |j|bg mr}k|{ dbv nmmi lmfgkiml l}m |j |dm kib~j~kb|m gjvv cbfml n{ |dm fjhbi{ l}~ki` |dm {mb~ >??4)

•

Fjhbi{‛v |j|bg ij jc fjhhji v|jfa dbv bgvj nmmi kif~mbvml ki >??4)

\dkv ~b|kj dbv nmmi ~mhbkiml b jvk|ksm kilkfb|j~ cj~ |dm fjhbi{ |kgg >??0 n}| ki >??4 k| kv ij| kilkfb|ki` b `jjl vkì cj~ |dm dmbg|d jc |dm fjhbi{ nmfb}vm |dkv ~b|kj kv v|b~|ml lmfgkiki` ki >??4)

Lksklmil _b{j}| ^b|kj

\dkv ~b|kj gjjav b| |dm lksklmil b{hmi| ki ~mgb|kji |j im| kifjhm Lksklmilv bkl lksklml n{ fjhbi{ mb~iki`v jsm~ vjhm m~kjl jc |khm' mt~mvvml bv b m~fmi|b`m)) \dkv ~b|kj kv bgvj fbggml b{j m~fmi|b`m b{j}| }| ~b|kj) \dm lksklmil b{j}| ~b|kj cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv `ksmi bv }ilm~5 (

>??4 (

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

22)2>-

3)4=-

6=)<0-

<6)>=-


;< jc 264 26 4


=?)?
<6)>=6=)<0-

6?)? >?)? 2?)?

3)4=-

22)2>-

(

( >?? <

>?? =

> ??3

>? ?0

> ??4

\dkv ~b|kj {mb~ bc|m~ {mb~ dbv nmmi lmfgkiki` lmfgkiki` vdjpki` |db| |dm fjhbi{ kv lkv|~kn}|ki` gjpm~ ~jj~|kji jc k|v mb~iki` bv lksklmil) Ki >??0 |dkv ~b|kj kif~mbvm pk|d fjhb~m |j ~mskj}v {mb~ >??3 n}| |dkv ~b|kj kv um~j ki |dm {mb~ >??4 bv fjhbi{ dbv cbfml gjvv bil mb~iki` m~ vdb~m kv um~j ki |dkv {mb~ `mim~bgg{' |dm gjp `~jp|d fjhbikmv dbsm dk`dm~ lksklmilv b{j}|v bil dk`d `~jp|d fjhbikmv dbsm gjpm~ lksklmil b{j}|v) \dkv ~b|kj kv vdjpki` jvk|ksm kilkfb|j~ cj~ |dm fjhbi{ bv k| vmmhv |j nm |db| |dm fjhbi{ kv `~jpki` `~bl}bgg{) Ji |dm j|dm~ dbil pk|d ~mvmf| |j |dm kismv|j~v |dkv ~b|kj dbv |pj khbf|v) •

\dm kismv|j~ pdj kv ki|m~mv| ki |dm dk`d lksklmil pkgg fjivklm~ k| nbl nmfb}vm |dm lksklmil kv lmf~mbvki` {mb~ n{ {mb~)

•

Pdkgm ji |dm j|dm~ dbil |dm kismv|j~ pdj b~m ki|m~mv|ml ki |dm dk`dm~ fbk|bg `bkiv pkgg fjivklm~ `jjl

Lksklmil [kmgl

\dm {kmgl b fjhbi{ b{v j}| |j k|v vdb~mdjglm~v ki |dm cj~h jc lksklmilv) K| kv fbgf}gb|ml n{ |baki` |dm bhj}i| jc lksklmilv bkl lksklmilv bkl m~ m~ vdb~m vdb~m jsm~ |dm fj}~vm jc b {mb~ bil lksklki` n{ |dm v|jfav ~kfm ~kfm)) Hb|}~m' pmgg(mv|bngkvdml fjhbikmv |mil |j dbsm dk`dm~ lksklmil {kmglv' pdkgm {j}i`' `~jp|d(j~kmi|ml fjhbikmv |mil |j dbsm gjpm~ jimv' bil hjv| vhbgg `~jpki` fjhbikmv lji| dbsm b lksklmil {kmgl b| bgg nmfb}vm |dm{ lji| b{ lji| b{ j}| lksklmilv) \dm lksklmil {kmgl cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 (


;= jc 264 26 4


>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

(

2)=0-

>);6-

>)4=-

<)>3-

Vm~kmv2

= <)>3-

< 6

>);6-

>)4=-

>

2)=0-

2 (

(

>??<

>??=

> ??3

>??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj dbv nmmi lmfgkiki` lmfgkiki` {mb~ bc|m~ {mb~ mtfm| >??3 nmfb}vm ki |dkv {mb~ |dm~m kv b vgk`d| kif~mbvm ki |dkv ~b|kj nmfb}vm jc kif~mbvm ki lksklmil m~ vdb~m |j |dm v|jfadjglm~v) Djpmsm~ bc|m~ >??3 |dm~m kv fji|ki}j}v lmfgkim ki |dkv ~b|kj) \dm lmf~mbvm ki |dkv ~b|kj ki >??0 kv l}m |j |dm cjggjpki` ~mbvjiv5 ( •

\dm~m kv kif~mbvm ki |dm hb~am| ~kfm m~ vdb~m jc |dm fjhbi{ k)m) 2)04 |khmv jc |dm ~mskj}v {mb~)

•

Vmfjilg{' |dm lksklmil ~b|dm~ |dbi kif~mbvki` dbv nmmi lmf~mbvki` pk|d fjhb~m |j |dm ~mskj}v {mb~)

Ki |dm {mb~ >??4 djpmsm~ |dm hb~am| ~kfm m~ vdb~m dbv nmmi lmf~mbvml <)= |khmv |j |dm ~mskj}v {mb~ n}| |dm fjhbi{ dbv cbfm gjvv vj |dm lksklmil kv um~j l}m |j pdkfd |dkv ~b|kj kv um~j) \dkv ~b|kj kv bgvj ij| kilkfb|ki` |dm cbsj~bngm vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{ nmfb}vm |dm hb~am| ~kfm m~ vdb~m dbv nmmi lmf~mbvml bn~}|g{ ki |dm gbv| bibg{uml {mb~)

_m~fmi|b`m jc Mb~iki` ^m|bkiml

\dm ~jj~|kji jc f}~~mi| mb~iki`v ~m|bkiml cj~ ki|m~ibg `~jp|d) \dm m~fmi|b`m jc mb~i mb~iki` ki` ~m|b ~m|bkim kiml l v nm||m nm||m~~ cj~ cj~ |~mi |~mil l bibg bibg{v {vkv kv kc iji iji~m ~mf}~ f}~~k ~ki` i` k|mh k|mhvv b~m b~m ~mhjsm ~mhjsml) l) \dkv kilkfb| kilkfb|mv mv pdb| pdb| kv nmki` nmki` ~m|bki ~m|bkiml ml jc ~mf}~~ ~mf}~~ki` ki` mb~iki` mb~iki`)) \dm m~fmi|b`m jc mb~iki` ~m|bkiml jc _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 (


;3 jc 264 26 4


>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

(

;?)66-

;6)2=-

3?)63-

=0);2-

Vm~kmv2

2??

;6)2=-

;?)66-

4? 3?

=0);2-

3?)63-

? ( >?? <

( >? ?=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj dbv nmmi fji|ki}j}vg{ kif~mbvml |kgg >??3 nmfb}vm jc fji|ki}j}v kif~mbvm ki |dm im| kifjhm bil |dbi v|b~|ml lmfgkim |kgg |dm gbv| {mb~ djpmsm~ fjhbi{‛v fjhbi{‛v lksklmil dbv nmmi vgk`d|g{ kif~mbvki` kif~mbvki` {mb~ bc|m~ {mb~) \dm ~b|kj dbv nmmi lmf~mbvml nmfb}vm ki >??0 fjhbi{‛v im| kifjhm lmf~mbvml bghjv| 2)= |khmv bil |dm ~mbvji cj~ bi bn~}| lmf~mbvm ki >??4 |dm fjhbi{ dbv |j cbfm gjvv l}m |j pdkfd fjhbi{ kv }ibngm |j amm ~m|bkiml mb~iki`v) \dkv ~b|kj pbv cbsj~bngm kilkfb|j~ cj~ |dm fjhbi{ |kgg >??0 n}| bc|m~ |db| |dkv kv ij| vdjpki` |dm jvk|ksm kilkfb|j~ jc |dm fjhbi{)


;0 jc 264 26 4


M+

Gji` \m~h Bibg{vkv

•

\khm Ki|m~mv| Mb~iml ^b|kj

•

Lmn| Vm~skfm Fjsm~b`m ^b|kj

•

Cktml Fdb~`m Fjsm~b`m

•

Lmn| ^b|kj

•

Lmn| Mr}k|{ ^b|kj

•

Cktml Bvvm| Fjsm~b`m

\khm Ki|m~mv| Mb~iml ^b|kj

\dm ki|m~mv| fjsm~b`m ~b|kj |mggv }v djp mbvkg{ b fjhbi{ kv bngm |j b{ ki|m~mv| mtmivmv mtmivmv bvvjfkb|ml |j |dm lmn| |dm{ f}~~mi|g{ f}~~mi|g{ dbsm) dbsm) \dm ~b|kj kv lmvkìml lmvkìml |j }ilm~v|bil |dm bhj}i| jc ki|m~mv| l}m bv b c}if|kji jc fjhbi{‛v mb~iki`v nmcj~m nmcj~m ki|m~mv ki|m~mv|| bil |btmv |btmv $MNK\+ $MNK\+)) \dkv \dkv ~b|kj ~b|kj hmbv}~ hmbv}~mv mv |dm mt|mi| mt|mi| |j pdkfd pdkfd jm~b|ki` kifjhm fbi lmfgkim nmcj~m |dm ck~h kv }ibngm |j hmm| k|v bii}bg ki|m~mv| fjv|) \dm |khm ki|m~mv| mb~iml ~b|kj cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 ( >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)><

>)??

22)3<

=)60

3)>4

Vm~kmv2

2<)?? 2>)??

22)3<

2?)?? 4)?? 3)??

3)>4

=)60

<)?? >)?? ?)?? >??<

>)?? ?)>< >??=

>??3


>??0

>??4

;4 jc 264 26 4


\dkv ~b|kj jsm~ |dm {mb~ dbv nmmi vdjpki` cg}f|}b|ki` |~mil) \dm dk`dmv| ck`}~m kv b`bki ki |dm {mb~ >??3' nmfb}vm |dm ki|m~mv| mtmivm jc |dm fjhbi{ dbv nmmi lmf~mbvml >)6= |khmv |j |dm ~mskj}v {mb~) Bc|m~ >??3 |dm~m kv fji|ki}j}v lmfgkim ki |dkv ~b|kj nmfb}vm jc h}g|kgm ~mbvjiv k)m)5 ( •

\dm~m kv fji|ki}j}v lmf~mbvm ki fjhbi{‛v MNK\ k)m) 2)>= bil 2)4? |khmv ki >??0 bil >??4 ~mvmf|ksmg{)

•

Ji |dm |dm j|dm~ j|dm~ dbil dbil fjh fjhbi bi{‛ {‛vv ki|m ki|m~m ~mv| v| mtmi mtmivmv vmv b~m b~m fji|k fji|ki} i}j}v j}vg{ g{ kif~mbvki` l}m |j |dm kif~mbvm ki |dm gji` |m~h lmn|v)

Ki |dm {mb~ >??4 fjhbi{ dbv |j b{ d}`m bhj}i| jc hb~a} bil dbv |j nmb~ dk`d ckibifm fjv| bil nbia fdb~`mv ki b{ki` |dkv hb~a}) Jsm~bgg |dm ~b|kj kv ij| kilkfb|ki` b cbsj~bngm vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{ nmfb}vm |dm im| kifjhm kv lmf~m lmf~mbvk bvki` i` bil bil ji |dm |dm j|dm~ j|dm~ dbil dbil ki|m~ ki|m~mv| mv| mtm mtmiv ivmv mv jc |dm fjh fjhbi bi{ { b~m b~m kif~mbvki` n{ |dm kif~mbvm ki }vm jc lmn|)

Lmn| Vm~skfm Fjsm~b`m ^b|kj

B hmbv}~mhmi| jc b ~jm~|{v bnkgk|{ |j `mim~b|m mij}`d ~msmi}m |j fjsm~ fjsm~ |dm |dm fjv| jc k|v hj~|`b`m b{hmi|v) K| kv fbgf}gb|ml n{ lksklki` |dm im| jm~b|ki` kifjhm n{ |dm |j|bg lmn| vm~skf vm~skfmm) Cj~ mtbhgm' b ~jm~|{ pk|d b im| jm~b|ki` kifjhm jc ,=?'??? bil b |j|bg lmn| vm~skfm jc ,=' hmbiki` |db| k| `mim~b|mv >=- hj~m ~msmi}m |dbi ~mr}k~ml |j fjsm fjsm~~ k|v k|v lmn| lmn| b{hmi| b{hmi|)) \d \dmm lmn| lmn| vm~s vm~skf kfmm fjsm fjsm~b ~b`m `m ~b|k ~b|kj j cj~ cj~ _bfa _bfab` b`mv mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 (

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)24

>)??

22)3<

=)60

3)>4


;; jc 264 26 4


2<)?? 2>)??

22)3<

2?)?? 4)?? 3)??

3)>4

=)60

<)?? >)??

>)?? ?)24

?)?? >??<

>??=

>??3

>? ?0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj jsm~ |dm {mb~ dbv nmmi vdjpki` cg}f|}b|ki` |~mil) \dm dk`dmv| ck`}~m kv b`bki ki |dm {mb~ >??3' nmfb}vm |dm ki|m~mv| mtmivm jc |dm fjhbi{ dbv nmmi lmf~mbvml >)6= |khmv |j |dm ~mskj}v {mb~) Bc|m~ >??3 |dm~m kv fji|ki}j}v lmfgkim ki |dkv ~b|kj nmfb}vm jc h}g|kgm ~mbvjiv k)m)5 ( •

\dm~m kv fji|ki}j}v lmf~mbvm ki fjhbi{‛v MNK\ k)m) 2)>= bil 2)4? |khmv ki >??0 bil >??4 ~mvmf|ksmg{)

•

Ji |dm |dm j|dm~ j|dm~ dbil dbil fjh fjhbi bi{‛ {‛vv ki|m ki|m~m ~mv| v| mtmi mtmivmv vmv b~m b~m fji|k fji|ki} i}j}v j}vg{ g{ kif~mbvki` l}m |j |dm kif~mbvm ki |dm gji` |m~h lmn|v bil fjhbi{ dbv |j nmb~ ckibifki` fjv| m|f)

•

Ki >??4 |dm fjhbi{ fjhbi{ dbv |j b{ |dm d}`m bhj}i| jc f}~~mi| hb|}~k|{ hb|}~k|{ jc gji` |m~h lmn|v k)m) ^v5 ==? Hkggkji)

Jsm~bgg |dm ~b|kj kv ij| kilkfb|ki` b cbsj~bngm vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{ nmfb}vm |dm im| kifjh kifjhmm kv lmf~ lmf~mb mbvki vki` ` bil bil ji |dm |dm j|dm~ j|dm~ dbil dbil ki|m~ ki|m~mv mv|| mtmi mtmivmv vmv jc |dm |dm fjhbi{ b~m kif~mbvki` n{ |dm kif~mbvm ki }vm jc lmn|)

Cktml Fdb~`m Fjsm~b`m

_~jck|v nmcj~m kif kifjhm jhm |bt |btmv mv bil ki|m ki|m~mv ~mv|| b{hmi|v b{hmi|v'' lksk lksklm lml l n{ gji`(|m~h ki|m~mv|'' cj~ b `ksmi m~kjl jc |khm ki|m~mv| |khm)) \d \dmm cktm cktml l fdb~ fdb~`m `m fjsm~ fjsm~b` b`mm ~b|k ~b|kj j cj~ cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv nmgjp5 ( >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)24

>)??

22)3<

=)60

3)>4


2?? 2? ? jc 264


2<)?? 2>)??

22)3<

2?)?? 4)?? 3)??

3)>4

=)60

<)?? >)??

>)?? ?)24

?)?? >??<

>??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj kv vbhm bv bnjsm nmfb}vm |dm fjhbi{‛v ~mi|bgv bhj}i| ji gji` |m~h lmn|v kv um~j)

Lmn| ^b|kj

\dkv pkgg |mgg {j} djp h}fd |dm fjhbi{ ~mgkmv ji lmn| |j ckibifm bvvm|v) Pdmi fbgf}gb|ki` |dkv ~b|kj ~b|kj'' k| kv fjismi|kjibg |j fjivklm~ nj|d f}~~mi| bil iji( f}~~mi| lmn| bil bvvm|v) Ki `mim~bg' |dm gjpm~ |dm fjhbi{v ~mgkbifm ji lmn| cj~ bvvm| cj~hb|kji' |dm gmvv ~kva{ |dm fjhbi{ kv vkifm mtfmvvksm lmn| fbi gmbl |j b sm~{ sm~{ dmbs dmbs{ { ki|m~mv| bil ~kifkbg ~mb{hmi| n}~lmi n}~lmi)) Djpm Djpmsm sm~~' pdmi pdmi b fjhbi{ fdjjvmv |j cj~`j lmn| bil ~mg{ gb~`mg{ ji mr}k|{ mr}k|{'' |dm{ b~m bgvj `kski` } |dm |bt ~ml}f|kji mccmf| jc ki|m~mv| b{hmi|v ki|m~mv| b{hmi|v)) \d}v' b fjhbi{ pkgg dbsm |j fjivklm~ nj|d ~kva ~kva bil bil |bt kvv}mv pdmi lmfklki` ji bi j|khbg lmn| ~b|kj) \dm lmn| ~b|kj cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 (

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

=6)==-

<=)33-

6;)0?-

66)<6-

6=)>3-


2?2 2? 2 jc 264


3?)??-

=6)==<=)33-

=?)??
6=)>3-

6;)0?66)<6-

>?)??2?)???)??>??<

>?? =

>??3

>??0

>??4

\dkv ~b|kj jc |dm fjhbi{ dbv nmmi fji|ki}j}vg{ kif~mbvki` {mb~ n{ {mb~ mtfm| ki >??3 |dm~m kv b vgk`d| lmf~mbvm ki |dkv ~b|kj nmfb}vm |dm kif~mbvm ki ck~h‛v |j|bg |j|bg bvvm bvvm|| ki dk`dm dk`dm~~ |dbi |dbi |dm |dm kif~m kif~mbv bvmm ki ck~h ck~h‛v ‛v gkbnk gkbnkgk| gk|{) {) \d \dmm fji|k fji|ki}j i}j}v }v kif~mbvm ki |dkv ~b|kj kv nmfb}vm {mb~ bc|m~ {mb~ |dm m~fmi|b`m jc kif~mbvm ki lmn| kv dk`dm~ |dbi |dm m~fmi|b`m jc kif~mbvm ki bvvm|v) \dkv ~b|kj kv ij| b `jjl vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{ nmfb}vm fjhbi{ kv hjv|g{ ~mg{ki` ji vdj~| |m~h bil gji` |m~h lmn| bv b vj}~fm jc c}ilki` l}m |j pdkfd fjhbi{ dbv |j nmb~ dk`d fjv| jc hb~a} bil b~~bi`ki` ckibifm fjv|)

Lmn| Mr}k|{ ^b|kj

\dkv ~b|kj kilkfb|mv pdb| ~jj~|kji jc mr}k|{ bil lmn| |dm fjhbi{ kv }vki` |j ckibifm k|v bvvm|v) B dk`d lmn|*mr}k|{ ~b|kj `mim~bgg{ hmbiv |db| b fjhbi{ dbv nmmi b``~mvvksm ki ckibifki` k|v `~jp|d pk|d lmn|) \dkv fbi ~mv}g| ki sjgb|kgm mb~iki`v bv b ~mv}g| jc |dm bllk|kjibg ki|m~mv| mtmivm) Kc b gj| jc lmn| kv }vml |j ckibifm kif~mbvml jm~b|kjiv $dk`d lmn| |j mr}k|{+' |dm fjhbi{ fj}gl j|mi|kbgg{ `mim~b|m hj~m mb~iki`v |dbi k| pj}gl dbsm pk|dj}| |dkv j}|vklm ckibifki`) Kc |dkv pm~m |j kif~mbvm mb~iki`v n{ b `~mb|m~ bhj}i| |dbi |dm lmn| fjv| $ki|m~mv|+' |dmi |dm vdb~mdjglm~v nmimck| bv hj~m mb~iki`v b~m nmki` v~mbl bhji` |dm vbhm bhj}i| jc vdb~mdjglm~v) Djpmsm~' |dm fjv| jc |dkv lmn| ckibifki` ckibifki` hb{ j}|pmk`d |dm ~m|}~i |db| |dm fjhbi{ `mim~b| `mim~b|mv mv ji |dm lmn| |d~j}`d kismv|hmi| bil n}vkimvv bf|ksk|kmv bil nmfjhm |jj h}fd cj~ |dm fjh fjhbi bi{ { |j dbil dbilgm gm)) \d \dkv kv fbi fbi gmbl gmbl |j nbia nbia~} ~}| |f{ f{'' pdkf pdkfd d pj}g pj}gl l gmbs gmbsmm vdb~mdj vdb~mdjglm glm~v ~v pk|d ij|dki`) ij|dki`) \dm lmn| |j mr}k|{ mr}k|{ ~b|kj cj~ _bfab`mv _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv }ilm~5 ( Ckibifkbg V|b|mhmi| Bibg{vkv

2?> 2? > jc 264


>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

<6)?3-

6?)=?-

22)<3-

?)2=-

Vm~kmv2

=?)??-

<6)?3

6?)=?-

6?)??>?)??-

22)<3-

2?)???)??>??6

?)2=>? ?< ?<

> ?? ??=

>??3

>??0

>??4

>??;

\dkv ~b|kj jc |dm fjhbi{ dbv nmmi fji|ki}j}vg{ kif~mbvki` {mb~ n{ {mb~ nmfb}vm {mb~ bc|m~ {mb~ fjhbi{‛v kv ~mg{ki` hj~m ki lmn| bv b vj}~fm jc c}ilki` ~b|dm~ |dbi mr}k|{) \dkv ~b|kj kv ij| b `jjl vkì cj~ |dm fjhbi{ nmfb}vm fjhbi{ kv hjv|g{ ~mg{ki` ji vdj~| |m~h bil gji` |m~h lmn| bv b vj}~fm jc c}ilki` l}m |j pdkfd fjhbi{ dbv |j nmb~ dk`d fjv| jc hb~a} bil b~~bi`ki` ckibifm fjv|)

Cktml Bvvm| Fjsm~b`m

\dm Cktm Cktml l bsm~ bsm~b` b`mm fjsm~ fjsm~b` b`mm ~b|kj ~b|kj kv bi kilkf kilkfb| b|j~ j~ jc djp mcck mcckfk fkmi mi|g{ |g{ |dm |dm ~mvj} ~mvj}~f ~fmv mv bil cbfkg cbfkgk|k k|kmv mv jc b ck~h ck~h $|dm $|dm cktm cktml l bvvm| bvvm|v+ v+ b~m b~m nmki` nmki` }|kgk }|kgkum uml l n{ mr}b|ki` |dmh pk|d |dm bhj}i| `mim~b|ml |d~j}`d vbgmv) Cj~ b `~mb|m~ sbg}m |dm ~b|kj kilkfb|mv b vb|kvcbf|j~{ m~cj~hbifm jc |dm j~`bikub|kjiv jm~b|kjiv bil b gjpm~ sbg}m jc |dm ~b|kj kilkfb|mv jj~ m~cj~hbifm) \dkv ~b|kj mt~mvvmv |dm i}hnm~ |j |khmv |dm cktml bvvm|v b~m nmki` |}~iml jsm~ ki b v|b|ml m~kjl m~kjl bil k| bffj}i|v f~k|kfbgg{ |dm mcckfkmif{ pk|d pdkfd |dm bvvm|v b~m nmki` mhgj{ml) \dm cktml bvvm| fjsm~b`m cj~ _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m cj~ |dm {mb~ >??< |j >??4 kv bv nmgjp5 ( >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

>)>3

2)<0

>)>2

3)>4

=24)0<


2?6 2? 6 jc 264


3??)?? =??)??

=24)0<

??)?? 2??)?? ?)?? >??<

3)>4 >??=

>)>2 >??3

2)<0 >??0

>)>3 >??4

\dkv ~b|kj jc |dm fjhbi{ dbv vdb~g{ lmf~mbvml bc|m~ >??3 bil cg}f|}b|mv {mb~ bc|m~ {mb~) Bf|}bgg{ ki >??3 |dm bhj}i| jc lmn| kv vj vhbggm~ pk|d fjhb~m |j |dm bhj}i| jc bvvm|v) Bc|m~ >??3 fjhbi{ dbv kif~mbvm |dm }vm jc lmn| bv b vj}~fm jc c}ilki` bil |dkv ~b|kj vdb~g{ lmfgkiml) \dkv ~b|kj kv vdjpki` |dm v|~mi v|~mi`|d `|d jc |dm fjh fjhbi bi{ { |dm |dm fjhb fjhbi{ i{‛v ‛v lmn| lmn| b{ki b{ki` ` bnkgk bnkgk|{ |{ nmfb nmfb}v }vmm |dm fjhbi{ dbv hj~m bvvm|v |dbi k|v lmn| bhj}i|)


2?< 2? < jc 264



2?= 2? = jc 264


FJIFG]VKJI Hkf~jvjc| kv jim jc |dm gmblki` hbi}cbf|}~ki` fjhbi{ ki @mim~bg Kil}v|~kbg vmf|j~v jc _bakv|bi ~mhbkiv ji |j bhji` j|dm~ fjhm|k|j~v) )

C~jh |dm bnjsm v|}l{ pm fjifg}lm |db| _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m l}m |j |dm bllk|kji ki n}vkimvv }ik|v {mb~ |j {mb~ bil imp ~jl}f| dbv nmmi gb}ifdml n{ |dm fjhbi{ |dm vbgmv jc |dm fjhbi{ kv kif~mbvki` vdb~g{) N}| bgji` pk|d |dm kif~mbvm ki vbgmv F@V dbv bgvj nmmi kif~mbvml pk|d dk`dm~ ~b|m |dbi vbgmv' pdkfd kv ij| cbsj~bngm cj~ |dm fjhbi{) Jm~b|ki` mtmivmv jc |dm fjhbi{ dbv nmmi kif~mbvki` {mb~ bc|m~ {mb~) Jm~b|ki` Jm~b|ki` ~jck| jc |dm fjhbi{ fjhbi{ pbv kif~mbvml |kgg >??3 n}| bc|m~ |db| |dm~m kv b vdb~ lmfgkiml l}m |j kif~mbvm ki F@V pdkfd kv ij| `jjl cj~ |dm fjhbi{) \dm~m kv kif~mbvm ki ki|m~mv| mtmivm bil ckibifkbg fjv| jc |dm fjhbi{ {mb~ bc|m~ {mb~ nmfb}vm |dm ck~h dbv nmmi kif~mbvki` |dm }vm jc lmn|v bv b vj}~fm jc c}ilki` ~b|dm~ |dbi mr}k|{) Im| kifjhm jc |dm fjhbi{ pbv kif~mbvki` |kgg >??3 n}| bc|m~ |db| k| dbv bgvj nmmi lmf~mbvml l}m |j |dm ~mbvjiv bg~mbl{ lkvf}vvml ki lm|bkg)

Fjhbi{ dbv kif~mbvml k|v F}~~mi| bvvm|v' iji f}~~mi| bvvm|v bil im| cktml bvvmv {mb~ bc|m~ {mb~ n}| |dmvm bvvm|v dbsm ij| nmmi }|kgkuml ~jm~g{ mcckfkmi|g{ bil mccmf|ksmg{ n{ |dm fjhbi{ mtfm| ki |dm {mb~ >??3) Fjhbi{‛v gkbnkgk|kmv dbsm nmmi kif~mbvml pk|d |dm bvvb`m jc |khm mvmfkbgg{ gji` |m~h lmn|v dbsm nmm nmmi i kif~ kif~mb mbvm vml l pk|d pk|d |dm |dm dk`d dk`d m~f m~fmi mi|b |b`m `m {mb~ {mb~ bc|m bc|m~~ {mb~) mb~) \d \dm~ m~mm kv bgvj bgvj kif kif~mbvki` ki` |~mil ki |dm |dm fjhbi{‛v mr}k| }k|{ mtfm| >??; nmfb}vm jc }ib~j~kb|ml gjvv) \dm ckibifkbg fjilk|kjiv jc |dm fjhbi{ bc|m~ fb~mc}gg{ bibg{uki` k|v ckibifkbgg{ v|b|mhmi|v pk|d |dm dmg jc ~b|kj bibg{vkv kv bv }ilm~5 (

fjhbi{)  \dm ck~h‛v bf|ksk|kmv b~m ij| vdjpki` |dm cbsj~bngm vk|}b|kji cj~ |dm fjhbi{) Ck~h‛v |}~ijsm~ jc sb~kj}v k|mhv m)`) Bffj}i| ~mfmksbngm' kismi|j~{' pj~aki` fbk|bg bil f}~~mi| bvvm|' cktml bvvm| bil }g|khb|mg{ |j|bg bvvm| pbv kif~mbvml |kgg >??3 n}| bc|m~ |db| |dmvm b~m lmfgkiml vdb~g{ bil vbhm kv |dm fbvm pk|d


2?3 2? 3 jc 264


lb{v jc kismi|j~{' b`ki` jc bffj}i|v ~mfmksbngmv vdjpki` |dm kimcckfkmif{ jc |dm hbib`mhmi| jc }|kgkub|kji jc |dmvm bvvm|v ki `mim~b|ki` mb~iki`v cj~ |dm fjhbi{) 

\dm gkr}klk|{ jvk|kji jc |dm fjhbi{ pbv v|~ji`m~ |kgg >??0 n}| ki >??4 k| vdjpv |dm pj~vm fjilk|kji cj~ |dm fjhbi{ l}m |j |dm kif~mbvm ki ck~h‛v gkbnkgk|kmv pk|d dk`d m~fmi|b`mv |dbi gkr}klb|m bngm bvvm|v)



\dm ~jck|bnkgk|{ vk|}b|kji jc |dm fjhbi{ pbv `jki` cbsj~bngm cj~ |dm fjhbi{ |kgg >??3 n}| bc|m~ |db| |dm vk|}b|kji kv ij| ki |dm cbsj~ jc |dm fjhbi{ bv |dm ~jck|v b~m lmfgkiki` msmi fjhbi{ dbv |j cbfm gjvv ki >??4 l}m |j sb~kj}v ~mbvjiv lkvf}vvml ki lm|bkg)



C~jh |dm kismv|j~v jki|v jc skmp |dm fjhbi{ pbv sm~{ b||~bf|ksm |kgg >??0 bv lksklmil pbv kif~mbvki` ~kfm jc |dm vdb~m pbv bgvj kif~mbvki` n}| bc|m~ |db| |dm~m kv lksklmil' hb~am| ~kfm' mb~iki` m~ vdb~m dbv nmmi lmfgkiml pdkfd kv ij| cbsj~bngm vk|}b|kji cj~ |dm fjhbi{)



\dm ck~h‛v gji` |m~h lmn| b{ki` bnkgk|{ kv vdjpki` lkccm~mi| lkccm~mi| sb~kb|kjiv ki |dmv |dmvmm cksm cksm {mb~ {mb~v) v) \d \dmm lmn| lmn| b{k b{ki` i` bnkg bnkgk| k|{ { kv jc |dm |dm fjh fjhbi bi{ { kv kif~mbvki` {mb~ bc|m~ {mb~ nmfb}vm jc kif~mbvm ki ck~hv im| cktml bvvm|v)

Pm hb{ fjifg}lm |db| |dm f}~~mi| ckibifkbg jvk|kji jc |dm fjhbi{ kv ij| pmgg) \dm {mb~ >??3 dbv nmmi ~jsml b `jglmi {mb~ cj~ |dm fjhbi{ n}| bc|m~ |db| {mb~ |dm ckibifkbg fjilk|kjiv jc |dm fjhbi{ b~m pbamiki` pk|d |dm bvvb`m jc |khm pdkfd kv ij| b cbsj~bngm kilkfb|j~ cj~ |dm dmbg|d jc |dm fjhbi{)


2?0 2? 0 jc 264


V]@@MV\KJIV Ckib Ckibif ifkb kbgg v|b|m v|b|mhm hmi|v i|v b~m b~m hjv| hjv| vkìk vkìkck ckfb fbi| i| b~| b~| jc b fjh fjhbi bi{ { nmfb nmfb}v }vmm ckibifkbg v|b|mhmi| bibg{vkv kisjgsmv b fjhb~kvji jc b ck~h‛v m~cj~hbifm pk|d k|v bv| m~cj~hbifm bil pk|d |dm fjhm|k|j~v ki |dm kil}v|~{) \dm bibg{vkv kv }vml |j lm|m~hkim |dm ck~h‛v ckibifkbg jvk|kji vj bv |j klmi|kc{ k|v f}~~mi| v|~mi`|d bil pmbaimvv bil |j v}``mv| bf|kjiv |dm ck~h hk`d| }~v}m |j |bam blsbi|b`m jc |dm v|~mi`|dv bil fj~~mf| bi{ pmbaimvv) Dm~m kv j}~ ~mfjhhmilb|kjiv bnj}| |dkv fjhbi{ b~m bv cjggjpv5



J}~ msbg}b|kjiv jc |dm bfkl |mv| ~b|kj v}``mv| |db| _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m dbv gkr}klk|{ jvk|kji f}~~mi|g{ kv jj~) _bfab`mv‛v bfkl |mv| ~b|kj vmmhv kiblmr}b|m)



\dm bsm~b`m bsm~b`m vmggki` |khm jc kismi|j~kmv ki >??3 kv 2?6 lb{v bil ki >??4 k| kv 2>? lb{v) Vj |dmk~ |}~i jsm~ ~b|m kv sm~{ dk`d ki |dm fjhbi{' pdkfd kv db~hc}g cj~ |dm fj}i|~{) Vj |dm{ vdj}gl imml |j hbki|bki |dm v|bilb~l)



\dm Mb~iki` m~ Vdb~m jc _bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m ki >??3' >??0 bil >??4 kv 40)6?' =4);3 bil ? ~mvmf|ksmg{ pdkfd kv lmf~mbvki` {mb~ n{ {mb~ kv ij| `jjl cj~ |dm fjhbi{ bil |dm{ vdj}gl |~{ |j kif~mbvm |dm gmsmg jc |dm mb~iki` m~ vdb~m)



J}~ bvvmvvhmi| jc |dm |khm ki|m~mv| mb~iml ~b|kj v}``mv|v |db| _bfab`mv mb~iml ~b|kj kv lmf~mbvki` bc|m~ >??0 pdkfd kv ij| `jjl vkì |dm{ vdj}gl |~{ |j lmf~mbvm |dm ki|m~mv| mtmivm n{ gjp }vb`m jc lmn| bv lmn| kv ij| b `jjl |jjg cj~ |dm fjhbi{ |j `mim~b|m mb~iki`v)



\dm fjhbi{ vdj}gl fb~mc}gg{ mtbhkim k|v kismi|j~{ |j vbgmv ~jfmvv) \dm~m kv imml jc kh~jsmhmi| ki |dkv ~jfmvv) \dm fjhbi{ vdj}gl |~{ |j lmf~mbvm |dm |khm m~kjl jc |dkv ~jfmvv)



J}~ e}l`hmi| jc lksklmil m~ vdb~m v}``mv|v |db| _bfab`mv G|l vdj}gl |~{ |j kif~mbvm k|v lksklmil m~ vdb~m)



\dmm fjh \d fjhbi{ bi{ vdj}g vdj}gl l fji|~ fji|~jg jg k|v k|v ~jl ~jl}f }f|kj |kji i fjv|v fjv|v)) Dm vdj}g vdj}gl l |~{ |~{ |j lmf~mbvm k|v hb|m~kbg fjv|)


2?4 2? 4 jc 264

_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m 

\dm fjhbi{ vdj}gl lmf~mbvm }vm jc lmn|v bil `j cj~ mr}k|{ c}ilki` nmfb}vm ck~h dbv |j nmb~ dk`d fjv|v jc lmn|v)

 \dm fjhbi{ vdj}gl kh~jsm k|v bvvm|v }|kgkub|kji) Bvvm|v vdj}gl nm

}|kgkuml mcckfkmi|g{ bil mccmf|ksmg{ |j `mim~b|m |dm ~jck|) 

Bc|m Bc|m~~ fb~ fb~mc}gg c}gg{ { bibg bibg{u {uki ki` ` |dm |dm fjh fjhbi bi{ { vdj} vdj}gl gl ~mh ~mhjs jsmm k|v k|v ij iji i jm~b|kjibg bvvm|v n{ vmggki` |dmh)


2?; 2? ; jc 264


NKNGKJ@^B_D[ •

BII]BG ^M_J^\V JC _BFAB@MV GKHK\ML GBDJ^M

•

PPP)_BFAB@MV)FJH)_A

•

PPP)@JJ@GM)FJH

•

PPP)PKAK_MLKB)FJH

•

PPP)BIVPM^)FJH

•

PPP)BFFJ]I\KI@ \JJGV)FJH

•

PPP)KISMV\J^PJ^LV)FJH

•

PPP)N]KVIMVVLK^MF\J^[)FJH

•

PPP)KISMV\J_MLKB)FJH

•

NJJA JC CKIBIFKBG[ V\B\MHMI\ BIBG[VKVN[ FDB^GJV D @KNVJI

•

NJJA JC CKIBIFKBG HBIB@MHMI\


22? 22 ? jc 264



222 22 2 jc 264


BIIMT]^M ( K

_BFAB@MV GKHK\ML V}hhb~kuml Nbgbifm Vdmm| Bv b| Lmfmhnm~ 62 ZZZZZZZZZZZZ BVVM\V

>??4 F]^^MI\ BVVM\V Fbvd bil nbia nbgbifmv Kismv|hmi| \~blm Lmn|v V|jfa ki \~blm ^bp hb|m~kbg Pj~a ki ~jfmvv Ckikvdml `jjlv V|j~m bil vb~m \j|bg V|jfa ki \~blm Gjbiv' blsbifmv' lmjvk|v' ~mb{hmi|v bil j|dm~ ~mfmksbngmv J|dm~ F}~~mi| Bvvm|v \j|bg F}~~mi| Bvvm|v IJI(F]^^MI\ BVVM\V Kismv|hmi| Gji`(|m~h gjbiv bil lmjvk|v Ki|bi`kngm bvvm|v ^m|k~mhmi| nmimck|v \j|bg IJI F}~~mi| Bvvm|v CKTML BVVM\V Cktml Bvvm|v b| fjv| Gmvv5 Bff}h}gb|ml Lm~mfkb|kji Njja Sbg}m Bll5 Fbk|bg pj~a(ki(~j`~mvv Bvvm|v v}nemf| |j ckibifm gmbvm

^V KI \DJ]VBILV >??0 >??3 >??=

>??<

2;;'244

2?2'?>>

2?3'0?6

>'?2;';=?

2<<'443

(

(

(

(

;'?30

2'=>6'?<;

2'>44';>4

4>2'23?

04<'364

3
>'266'63?

2'<32'3<2

2'?>6'3;=

3<0'?;?

36>'>=;

>?='==2

220'
;0'=32

4?';4?

00'2>0

2'626'6=?

3>0'2=?

=>=';20

<2=';06

64<';<6

4<2'<40

02='4
<4='33=

64?'==3

<'<;6'0<4

>';>>'?62

>'26>'464

2'==2'<4>

2'<0<'44=

3;>'?03

=>='<>2

6=6'=>2

>?>'330

2=='<<>

2='
(

(

(

(

3';>6'<32

<'460'

6'<2<'>>>

<'==4'060

>'<><'420

(

2?'?4?'>=;

='00='33=

3;6'=03

3;2'203

2=='2?>

><<'233

24?'324

23'>??

='4
><2

636

>'=6>

='6??

3'64=

2>0'=24

44'>3>

3;'4?=

3?'>;2

=2'0>=

>4>'432

2?'<26'?=?

3'?>4'3>?

00='630

0=='2>3

20'=?;'44?

2='03='333

0';<3'23=

0'=>2'2;6

0'22?'3>=

$32;;>;6+

$=6046=4+

$<43?3>0+

$<=?4;;2+

$<2=42?<+

22'62?'=40

2?'640'6?4

6'?4='=64

6'?2>'>?>

>';=>'=>2

4'63>'<4=

0'4??'346

2?'2<6'2;=

6'>3='=20

6>;'430

4'2=='>6;

(

2';?2

4'=42

2>'2==

\j|bg Ckt Bvvm|v

>0'4>4'622

24'240';;2

26'>6?'36<

3'>43'6??

6'>;<'=<6

\J\BG BVVM\V

6='?6<'366

66'<64'<<6

>>'306'<03

22'3>?'
3'<0<'<43

>'=40'42;

2'>4?'4=0

2'3?>'0>?

>6<'2;0

>;?'==2

6??';=>

(

(

(

GKBNKGK\KMV F]^^MI\ GKBNKGK\KMV

Ckibifm }ilm~ hb~a} b~~bi`mhmi| (vmf}~ml \~blm F~mlk|j~


22> 22 > jc 264


J|dm~ _b{bngm F~mlk|j~' Bff~}ml bil j|dm~ gkbnkgk|{ F}~~mi| hb|}~k|{ jc gji` |m~h ckibifmv(vmf}~ml

2'202'6=6

2'>36'<2?

(

(

(

(

(

2'?6?'=23

32;'>2=

3?2'206

==?'???

(

(

(

(

(

(

4=2

='2=;

4=;'66?

(

(

(

20'000

=<'24=

2'?20'2=?

(

(

;?';=;

(

='323'406

2';3='642

>'62>'>><

>'66='46?

2'0<4'44=

4
;=='0;?

344'<==

=<0'<34

=>0'6;?

4
;=='0;?

344'<==

=<0'<34

=>0'6;?

2>'6?<'
2>'6<3'=??

3'???'???

2'???'???

(

(

(

(

4=2

3'6=2

2>'6?<'
2>'6<3'=??

3'???'???

2'???'4=2

3'6=2

24'03>'?32

2='>30'302

;'???'30;

6'44<'2<;

>'>4>'3>3

4<6'0;= 2='3><'3?> $2;=4>=+

066'06=

3;4'0;=

3;4'0;=

<0='602

26'22?'>
3'40>'663

3'?>2'>;0

>'0=>'3>=

<'6>3'0;0

3'2?2'333

2'?23'236

;36'43<

\j|bg Mr}k|{

23'>0>'=0>

24'20?'00>

26'30>'0;0

0'063'>==

<'2;2'43?

\J\BG GKBNKGK\KMV # MR]K\[

6='?6<'366

66'<64'<<6

>>'306'<03

22'3>?'
3'<0<'<43

F}~~mi| j~|kji cj~ gkbnkgk|kmv b`bkiv| bvvm|v v}nemf| |j ckibifm gmbvm

_~jskvkji cj~ |btb|kji J|dm~ F}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv \j|bg F}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv IJI(F]^^MI\ GKBNKGK\KMV

Lmcm~~ml gkbnkgk|kmv \j|bg Iji(F}~~mi| Gkbnkgk|kmv GJI@ \M^H LMN\ Gji`(|m~h ckibifmv ( vmf}~ml Gkbnkgk|kmv b`bkiv| bvvm|v v}nemf| |j ckibifm gmbvm \j|bg Gji` \m~h Lmn|v \j|bg gkbnkgk|kmv MR]K\[ _bkl } Fbk|bg ^mvm~smv ]i(b~j~kb|ml $gjvv+ * ~jck|


226 22 6 jc 264


BIIMT]^M ( KK

_BFAB@MV GKHK\ML V}hhb~kuml Kifjhm V|b|mhmi| Cj~ |dm {mb~ Milml ji Lmf 62 ZZZZZ ^V KI \DJ]VBILV >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

2>'>><'00;

;'?>4'36=

0'4<3'=;;

0'?;4'03=

=';43';00

0'36;'>;3

='2?4'6;3

<'><3';=3

6'=>?'3<<

>'02?'6?3

Gbnj~ bil Pb`mv

342'?=?

=66'4;6

<3;'34?

<>0'26;

<2>'><0

Lm~kfkb|kji

4=4'600

=>;'==4

6<4'206

60='=06

6;0'66?

CJD

>'400'2?4

2'004'=40

2'326'022

2'<=0'626

2'>4?'0=<

Pj~a ki ~jfmvv ble}v|hmi| $!'(+

$442=2+

$2;46;+

$23=42+

$64=6+

22';30'34?

0';6?'=;=

3'332';6;

='003'423

$343>??+

$2?2>66+

$2?;;<<+

$62?6?+

22'>42'<4?

0'4>;'63>

3'==2';;=

='0<='043

<'304'60=

;<6'>;;

2'2;;'>06

2'>;<'3?<

2'6=>';0;

2'6?4'3?>

Im| Vbgmv

>??<

Fjv| jc _~jl}f|kji ^bp hb|~kbg

\j|bg Fjv| jc _~jl}f|kji

Kismi|j~{ Ble}v|hmi|v $!'(+ Fjv| jc @jjlv Vjgl @~jvv _~jck|

$22=?3+ <'04;'262 $22?0=3+

Jpm~b|ki` Mtpmivmv @mim~bg bil Blhkikv|~b|ksm mtpmivmv

$=2>24;+

$6<4?3<+

$6<;;6<+

$6<3=3=+

$6<0?6?+

vmggki` mtpmivmv

$>=<3?+

$22420>+

$>3<24+

$2?36>+

$44236+

$=60'3<;+

$<33'>63 +

$603'6=> +

$6=0'2;0 +

$<6='2;6+

Jpm~b|ki` _~jck|

066'?60

;24'>=>

;;='04>

406'
J|dm~ Kifjhm*mtmivmv

;<4'40;

<'<2>'0>4

='0>2';0>

326'?<0

=63';2;

$233>?;<+

$630604+

$04;?;+

\j|bg Jpm~b|ki` Mtpmivmv

Ckibifkbg Fjv| j~ ki|m~mv| mtmivmv

$24==>;+

$26;??4+

\j|bg Ckibikfkbg Fjv| bil J|dm~ mtpmivmv*Kifjhm mtpmivmv*Kifjhm

$026'> $026'>2= 2=++

<'?<= <'?<='6= '6=? ?

='3<6 ='3<6'?3 '?36 6

<>0'= <>0'=24 24

6;0'; 6;0';22 22

_~jck| nmcj~m \bt bil j~a c}il

$6?0'=3= $6?0'=3=++

<'004'64 <'004'640 0

3'=32'62 3'=32'62= =

2'<>6'6? 2'<>6'6?? ?

2'>02'6> 2'>02'6>? ?

Pj~a c}il

$6><+

$2<=<6;+

$>26<0=+

$;660=+

_~jck| nmcj~m \bt

$6?0'44; $6?0'44;++

<'36>';< <'36>';<4 4

3'6<0'4< 3'6<0'4
2'6>;';> 2'6>;';>= =

$6?0???+

$><0?3?+

$62<=32+

<'6>=';< <'6>=';<4 4

3'2??'04 3'2??'04? ?

2'?2='63 2'?2='63< <

\bt

$22>?3<+

Im| _~jck| Bc|m~ \bt


$2;='4>= $2;='4>=++

$4<3;;+ 2'243'3> 2'243'3>2 2 $>>;22;+ ;=0'=?> ;=0'=?>

22< 22 < jc 264


BIIMT]^M ( KKK

_BFAB@MV GKHK\ML Dj~kuji|bg Bibg{vkv jc Kifjhm V|b|mhmi| Cj~ |dm {mb~ Milml ji Lmf 62 ZZZZZ ^V KI \DJ]VBILV >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

2=3-

22=-

2??-

;?-

03-

^bp hb|~kbg

24?-

2>?-

2??-

46-

3<-

Gbnj~ bil Pb`mv

2<=-

22<-

2??-

;2-

44-

Lm~kfkb|kji

><0-

2=>-

2??-

2?4-

22<-

CJD

204-

22?-

2??-

;?-

0;-


=6>-

2>?-

2??-

>6-

3;-


24?-

22;-

2??-

40-

0>-

Kismi|j~{ Ble}v|hmi|v $!'(+

3><-

;>-

2??-

>4-

2?2-

Fjv| jc @jjlv Vjgl

20>-

22;-

2??-

44-

02-

@~jvv _~jck|

06-

;6-

2??-

2?=-

2?2-

2<3-

;;-

2??-

;;-

;;-

vmggki` mtpmivmv

;3-

<<0-

2??-

66<-


2<6-

2><-

2??-

;=-

223-

Jpm~b|ki` _~jck|

<<-

4?-

2??-

2?4-

;=-

J|dm~ Kifjhm*mtmivmvv

20-

00-

2??-

22-

;-


>2?3-

<33-

2??-

>6=-

203-

\j|bg Ckibikfkbg Fjv| bil J|dm~ mtpmivmv*Kifjhm

(26-

0>-

2??-

4-

0-


(=-

06-

2??-

>>-

2;-

pj~a c}il

?-

34-

2??-

<<-

_~jck| nmcj~m \bt

(=-

06-

2??-

>2-

2;-

\bt

<=-

2><-

2??-

2>0-

;6-

Im| _~jck| Bc|m~ \bt

(6-

02-

2??-

20-

23-

Im| Vbgmv Fjv| jc _~jl}f|kji



22= 22 = jc 264


BIIMT]^M ( KS

_BFAB@MV GKHK\ML Sm~|kfbg Bibg{vkv jc Kifjhm V|b|mhmi| Cj~ |dm {mb~ Milml ji Lmf 62 ZZZZZ ^V KI \DJ]VBILV >??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

2??-

2??-

2??-

2??-

2??-

^bp hb|~kbg

3>)=-

=3)3-

=<)2-

<;)3-

<=)6-

Gbnj~ bil Pb`mv

=)3-

=);-

3)?-

3)?-

3);-

Lm~kfkb|kji

0)?-

=);-

<)<-

=)6-

3)3-

CJD

>6)=-

2;)0-

>?)3-

>?)=-

>2)<-


?)0-

?)>-

?)>-

?)2-

?)>-


;0);-

40)4-

4<);-

42)<-

4?)?-

Kismi|j~{ Ble}v|hmi|v $!'(+

=)3-

2)2-

2)<-

?)<-

2)4-

Fjv| jc @jjlv Vjgl

;>)6-

4;)?-

43)6-

42)4-

42)4-

@~jvv _~jck|

0)0-

22)?-

26)0-

24)>-

24)>-

Im| Vbgmv Fjv| jc _~jl}f|kji


<)>-

6);-

<)=-

<);-

=)4-

vmggki` mtpmivmv

?)>-

2)6-

?)6-

?)2-

2)=-


<)<-

=)>-

<)4-

=)?-

0)6-

Jpm~b|ki` _~jck|

6)6-

4)2-

22)0-

2<)?-

2<)3-

J|dm~ Kifjhm*mtmivmvv

0)4-

<4);-

0>);-

4)3-

;)?-


26)3-

<)2-

2)?-

>)3-

>)6-

\j|bg Ckibikfkbg Fjv| bil J|dm~ mtpmivmv*Kifjhm

(=)4-

<<)4-

02);-

3)?-

3)3-


(>)=-

=>);-

46)3-

>?)?-

>2)>-

?)?-

2)3-

>)0-

2)6-

2)<-

(>)=-

=<)=-

43)6-

>2)<-

>>)3-

?);-

6)<-

6)2-

<)<-

6)4-

(2)3-

<0);-

00)4-

2<)6-

23)?-

pj~a c}il _~jck| nmcj~m \bt

\bt Im| _~jck| Bc|m~ \bt


223 22 3 jc 264


BIIMT]^M ( S

_BFAB@MV GKHK\ML Dj~kuji|bg Bibg{vkv jc Nbgbifm Vdmm| Bv b| Lmfmhnm~ 62 ZZZZZZZZZZZZ BVVM\V

>??4 F]^^MI\ BVVM\V Fbvd bil nbia nbgbifmv Kismv|hmi| \~blm Lmn|v V|jfa ki \~blm ^bp hb|~kbg Pj~a ki ~jfmvv Ckikvdml `jjlv \j|bg V|jfa ki \~blm V|j~m bil vb~m

Gjbiv' blsbifmv' lmjvk|v' ~mb{hmi|v bil j|dm~ ~mfmksbngmv J|dm~ F}~~mi| Bvvm|v \j|bg F}~~mi| Bvvm|v IJI(F]^^MI\ BVVM\V Kismv|hmi| Gji`(|m~h gjbiv bil lmjvk|v Ki|bi`kngm bvvm|v ^m|k~mhmi| nmimck|v \j|bg IJI F}~~mi| Bvvm|v CKTML BVVM\V Cktml Bvvm|v b| fjv| Gmvv5 Bff}h}gb|ml Lm~kfkb|kji Njja Sbg}m Bll5 Fbk|bg pj~a(ki(~j`~mvv Bvvm|v v}nemf| |j ckibifm gmbvm \j|bg Ckt Bvvm|v \J\BG BVVM\V

^V KI \DJ]VBILV >??0 >??3 >??=

>??<

2;0)20-

;<)34-

=)>4-

26;<)20-

2??-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

2??-

224)23-

2=3);3-

2?<)3=-

2>>)=?-

2??-

2<=);3-

2<>)04-

2=4)>?-

2?>)6=-

2??-

20=)?;-

2>?)66-

2>?)<4-

2?=)??-

2??-

>?;)<>-

22;)>=-

2>3)<6-

2?4)?3-

2??-

23=)==-

266);<-

2<6);4-

2?<)=<-

2??-

220)==-

2<0)6;-

22;)>?-

2?0)?3-

2??-

262)0>-

2<4)36-

20<)<6-

26?)64-

2??-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?-

2<6)2>-

2<2)34-

0<)4;-

244)??-

2??-

?)??-

20<)=6-

46>)0<-

2??)6=-

2??-

36)=>-

26=)24-

222<);6-

>00)
2??-

33)6;-

2<)6<-

<0)00-

46)?2-

2??-

2<<)<4-

2>3)<<-

22=)04-

223)=3-

2??-

>)0>-

20>)06-

000)=>-

2?>)34-

2??-

222)?3-

2;4)<2-

2?=)3=-

2?=)00-

2??-

22=)>3-

22?)3=-

2?0)4?-

2?4)<<-

2??-

2?4)4;-

663)3<-

2?>)<6-

2?>)?>-

2??-

2?0)>?-

03);2-

62?)3>-

;4;);=-

2??-

?)??-

?)??-

>>)2=-

0?)3?-

2??-

2=6)??-

260)<0-

>2?)<0-

2;?)42-

2??-

2?<)00-

2<0)<4-

2;=)2>-

20;)<4-

2??-

3<=)62-

62)62-

0;);>-

34<)6=-

2??-

;3)=<-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?-

;>)02-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?-

?)??-

?)??-

233)<>-

2?6)??-

2??-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?-


Ckibifm }ilm~ hb~a} b~~bi`hmi| (vmf}~ml \~blm F~mlk|j~ J|dm~ _b{bngm F~mlk|j~'Bff}~ml bil j|dm~ gkbnkgk|{ F}~~mi| hb|}~k|{jc gji` |m~h ckibifmv(vmf}~ml


220 22 0 jc 264

_bfab`mv Gkhk|ml Gbdj~m F}~~mi| j~|kji cj~ gkbnkgk|mv b`bkiv| bvvm|v v}nemf| |j ckibifm gmbvm

?)??-

?)??-

23)=?-

?)3?-

2??-

_~jskvkji cj~ |btb|kji J|dm~ F}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv \j|bg F}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

6>)42-

2??-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?-

>4=)0;-

4=)??-

;4);;-

266)=3-

2??-

40);0-

264)46-

2>=)0=-

2?6)42-

2??-

40);0-

264)46-

2>=)0=-

2?6)42-

2??-

;;)33-

>?=)04-

3??)??-

?)??-

?-

(

(

?)??-

26)
2??-

;;)33-

>?=)04-

=;;)<;-

2=0=4);=-

2??-

2>>)4;-

23;)36-

>62)06-

20?)23-

2??-

22=)??22;)24(<)=6-

2?=)??-

2??)??-

2<0)??-

2??-

2;?)00-

22<)26-

>24)0=-

2??-

0?);2-

3??)<3-

2?=)<6-

2??-

4;)==-

26>);?-

203)0<-

24<)==-

2??-

2?<)00-

2<0)<4-

2;=)2>-

20;)<4-

2??-

IJI(F]^^MI\ GKBNKGK\KMV

Lmcm~~ml gkbnkgk|kmv \j|bg Iji(F}~~mi| Gkbnkgk|kmv GJI@ \M^H LMN\ Gji`(|m~h ckibifmv ( vmf}~ml Gkbnkgk|kmv b`bkiv| bvvm|v v}nemf| |j ckibifm gmbvm \j|bg Gji` \m~h Lmn|v \j|bg gkbnkgk|kmv MR]K\[ _bkl } Fbk|bg ^mvm~smv ]ib~j~kb|ml $gjvv+ * ~jck| \j|bg Mr}k|{ \J\BG GKBNKGK\KMV # MR]K\[


224 22 4 jc 264


BIIMT]^M ( SK

_BFAB@MV GKHK\ML Sm~|kfbg Bibg{vkv jc Nbgbifm Vdmm| Bv b| Lmfmhnm~ 62 ZZZZZZZZZZZZ >??4

^V KI \DJ]VBILV >??0 >??3 >??=

>??<

?)=0-

?)6?-

?)<0-

20)64-

>)><-

?)??-

?)?-

?)?-

?)?-

?)2-

<)6=-

6);-

6)3-

3)4-

;);-

3)?;-

<)<-

<)=-

=)3-

;)4-

?)=;-

?)<-

?)<-

?)0-

2)>-

6)0=-

2);-

>)6-

6)3-

=);-

2?)<>-

3)3-

0)6-

;)4-

23);-

>)
>)2-

>)2-

6)=-

=);-

2);4-

2)3-

2)3-

2)0-

>)<-

?)?<-

?)?-

?)?-

?)?-

?)?-

2;)03-

2<)=-

2=)2-

6;)>-

60)=-

?)??-

6?)2=-

>=)<0-

=);0-

2?)34-

?)<<-

?)06-

?)4?-

?)2<-

?)?;-

?)??-

?)??-

?)?2-

?)?=-

?)2?-

?)63-

?)>3-

?)62-

?)=>-

?)4?-

62)2<-

>3)=;-

3)30-

22)33-

<;);4-

<0)2=-

6=)?=-

3<)0>-

2?;)46-

20)3;-

23)?4-

>2)<<-

64)4?-

3<)>>-

6>)>4-

62)?3-

26)32-

>=);>-

<=)3?-

>6)40-

>6)66-

<<)0<-

>4)2?-

=)?;-

>6)>4-

?)??-

?)?2-

?)?0-

?)2;-

\j|bg Ckt Bvvm|v

0;)<6-

=<)6;-

=4)6=-

=<)2?-

=?)4;-

\J\BG BVVM\V

2??)??-

2??)??-

2??)??-

2??)??-

2??)??-

0)6;-

2)>?-

=)3=-

26)0;-

6)3>-

?)46-

?);?-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

6)6<-

6)04-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

<)==-

=)66-

;)>;-

BVVM\V F]^^MI\ BVVM\V Fbvd bil nbia nbgbifmv Kismv|hmi| \~blm Lmn|v V|jfa ki \~blm ^bp hb|~kbg Pj~a ki ~jfmvv Ckikvdml `jjlv \j|bg V|jfa ki \~blm V|j~m bil vb~m Gjbiv' blsbifmv' lmjvk|v' ~mb{hmi|v bil j|dm~ ~mfmksbngmv J|dm~ F}~~mi| Bvvm|v \j|bg F}~~mi| Bvvm|v IJI(F]^^MI\ BVVM\V Kismv|hmi| Gji`(|m~h gjbiv bil lmjvk|v Ki|bi`kngm bvvm|v ^m|k~mhmi| nmimck|v \j|bg IJI F}~~mi| Bvvm|v CKTML BVVM\V Cktml Bvvm|v b| fjv| Gmvv5 Bff}h}gb|ml Lm~kfkb|kji Njja Sbg}m Bll5 Fbk|bg pj~a(ki(~j`~mvv Bvvm|v v}nemf| |j ckibifm gmbvm

?-


Ckibifm }ilm~ hb~a} b~~bi`hmi| (vmf}~ml \~blm F~mlk|j~ J|dm~ _b{bngm F~mlk|j~'Bff}~ml bil j|dm~ gkbnkgk|{


22; 22 ; jc 264


F}~~mi| hb|}~k|{jc gji` |m~h ckibifmv(vmf}~ml

2)=0-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

F}~~mi| j~|kji cj~ gkbnkgk|mv b`bkiv| bvvm|v v}nemf| |j ckibifm gmbvm

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?)?<-

26)>0-

_~jskvkji cj~ |btb|kji J|dm~ F}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv \j|bg F}~~mi| gkbnkgk|kmv

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?)2=-

?)4<-

>);?-

?)??-

?)??-

?)04-

?)??-

23)?6-

=)44-

2?)>?-

>?)2?-

>0)?2-

>)
>)43-

6)?<-

<)02-

4)2=-

>)
>)43-

6)?<-

<)02-

4)2=-

6=)2>-

63);>-

>3)<3-

4)32-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?)??-

?)?2-

?)2?-

6=)2>-

63);>-

>3)<3-

4)32-

?)2?-

=6)==-

<=)33-

6;)0?-

66)<6-

6=)>3-

>)<2<<)3?(?)=3-

>)2;-

6)?4-

3)?2-

0)6<-

6;)>2-

6?)62-

=2)4>-

<>)=2-

2>);<-

>3);2-

4)0<-

2<)4;-

<3)<=-

=<)6<-

3?)6?-

33)=0-

3<)0<-

2??)??-

2??)??-

2??)??-

2??)??-

2??)??-

IJI(F]^^MI\ GKBNKGK\KMV

Lmcm~~ml gkbnkgk|kmv \j|bg Iji(F}~~mi| Gkbnkgk|kmv GJI@ \M^H LMN\ Gji`(|m~h ckibifmv ( vmf}~ml Gkbnkgk|kmv b`bkiv| bvvm|v v}nemf| |j ckibifm gmbvm \j|bg Gji` \m~h Lmn|v \j|bg gkbnkgk|kmv MR]K\[ _bkl } Fbk|bg ^mvm~smv ]ib~j~kb|ml $gjvv+ * ~jck| \j|bg Mr}k|{ \J\BG GKBNKGK\KMV # MR]K\[


2>? 2> ? jc 264


BIIMT]^M ( SKK BF\KSK\[ ^B\KJV5 2+ Bffj}i Bffj}i|| ^mfmks ^mfmksbng bngm m \}~ij \}~ijsm~ sm~ >+ B`k B`ki` jc B*^ B*^ 6+ Kism Kismi| i|j~ j~{ { \}~i \}~ijs jsm~ m~ <+ Lb{v Lb{v Vbgm Vbgmv v ki ki Kism Kismi|j i|j~{ ~{ =+ Pj~aki Pj~aki` ` Fbpk Fbpk|bg |bg \}~ijs \}~ijsm~ m~ 3+ F}~~mi F}~~mi|v |v Bvvm Bvvm|v |v |}~ijsm |}~ijsm~ ~ 0+ Cktm Cktml l Bvvm Bvvm|| \}~i \}~ijs jsm~ m~ 4+ \j|b \j|bgg Bvvm| Bvvm|v v \}~ij \}~ijsm sm~ ~

2+

Bffj}i| ^mfmksbngm \}~ijsm~ Im| Vbgmv Bs`) \~blm ^mfmksbngmv

[mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Im| Vbgmv

2>'>><'00;'???

;'?>4'36='???

0'4<3'=;;'???

0'?; '?;4'03='???

=';43';0 ';00'???

Bs`) \~blm ^mfmksbngmv

2'
2'?=='?<<'???

4?>'4;;'???

02>'=40'=??

3
>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

4)3;

4)=3

;)00

;);3

;)6=

>+

B`ki` jc Bffj}i| ^mfmksbngmv Bsm~b`m @~jvv ^mfmksbngmv Im| Vbgm*63=

[mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Bsm~b`m @~jvv ^mfmksbngmv

2'
2'?=='?<<'???

4?>'4;;'???

02>'=40'=??

3
Im| Vbgmv

2>'> 2>'>>< ><'0 '00 0;'??? '???

;'?> '?>4'36 '36='??? '???

0'4<3 '4<3'= '=; ;;'??? '???

0'?;4 '?;4'0 '03 3='??? '???

=';4 ';43';00 ';00'? '?? ??

>??4

>??0


>??3

>??=

>??<

2>2 2> 2 jc 264


<2);4

6+

<>)3=

60)6=

63)3<

6;)?=

Kismi|j~{ \}~ijsm~ Fjv| jc @jjl Vjgl Bsm~b`m Kismi|j~{ [mb~v

>??4

>??0

Fjv| jc @jjl 22'>42'<4?'??? 0'4>;'63>'??? Vjgl Bsm~b`m 6'0?0'44;'=?? >'=>0'<6<'=?? Kismi|j~{

>??3

>??=

>??<

3'==2';;='???

='0<='043'?? '???

<'304'60='???

2'4<>'23?'???

2'=26'246'=? '=??

2'<0<'44='???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

6)?<

6)2?

6)=3

6)4?

6)20

<+

Lb{v Vbgmv ki Kismi|j~{ Bs`) Kismi|j~{ F)@)V*63=

[mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Bs`) Kismi|j~{

6'0?0'44;'=??

>'=>0'<6<'=??

2'4<>'23?'?? '???

2'=2 '=26'246'=? '=??

2'<0<'44 '44='???

F)@)V

22'>42'<4?'???

0'4>;'63>'???

3'==2';;='?? '???

='0< '0<='043'?? '???

<'304'60 '60='???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

2>?

224

2?6

;3

22=


2>> 2> > jc 264


=+

Pj~aki` fbpk|bg |}~ijsm~ Im| Vbgmv Pj~aki` Fbpk|bg

3+

[mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Im| Vbgmv

2>'>> '>><'00; '00;'? '?? ??

;'?> '?>4'36= '36='? '?? ??

0'4< '4<3'=;; '=;;'? '?? ??

0'?; '?;4'03 4'03=' ='? ???

=';4 ';43';00 ';00'? '?? ??

Pj~aki` Fbpk|bg

2'6?3'=44'???

>'40>'?> '?>2'???

2'2?2';; ';;4'???

>'>>>';?0'???

30=';6>'???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

;)63

6)2<

0)2>

6)2;

4)43

F}~~mi| Bvvm| \}~ijsm~ F)@)V ! Jpm~b|ki` Mtpmivmv ! \bt F}~~mi| Bvvm| [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

F)@)V

22'>4 '>42'<4? '<4?''??? ???

0'4> '4>;'63 '63>'?? >'??? ?

3'== '==2';; ';;='?? ='??? ?

='0<= 0<='04 '043'?? 3'??? ?

<'304 '304'6 '60 0='??? '???

Jpm~b|ki` Mtpmivmv

=60'3<;'???

<33'>63'???

603'6=>'???

6=0'2;0'???

<6='2;6'???

\bt

22>'?3<'???

6?0'???'???

><0'?3?'???

62<'=32'???

>>;'22;'???

F}~~mi| Bvvm|

3';> ';>6'<3 6'<32' 2'? ???

<'46 '460''?? >'??? ?

6'<2 '<2<'>> '>>>'?? >'??? ?

<'==4 ==4'06 '060'?? 0'??? ?

>'<>< '<><'4 '42 20'??? '???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

2)0>

2)04

>)2?

2)<2

>)>?


2>6 2> 6 jc 264


0+

Ckt Bvvm| \}~ijsm~ Im| Vbgmv Bs`) Cktml Bvvm|v [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Im| Vbgmv

2>'>><'00 '00;'???

;'?>4'36='???

0'4<3'=;;'???

0'?;4'03='???

=';43';00'???

Bs`) Cktml Bvvm|v

>6'?? '??4'2=2 '2=2'? '?? ??

2='0? '0?;'62 ;'62>' >'= =??

;'0= '0=4'<3 4'<30' 0'? ???

<'0; '0;?'<> ?'<>2' 2'= =??

6'>; '>;<'=< '=<6'?? 6'??? ?

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)=6

?)=0

?)4?

2)<4

2)4>

4+

\j|bg Bvvm| \}~ijsm~ Im| Vbgmv Bs`) \j|bg Bvvm|v [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Im| Vbgmv

2>'>><'00;'???

;'?>4'36 '36='???

0'4<3'=;;'???

0'?;4'03='???

=';43';00'?? '???

Bs`) \j|bg Bvvm|v

6<'>6 '>63'=64 '=64''??? ???

>4'?= '?=='; =';=;'= ;'=??

20'2< '2<3';
;'?< '?<0'<<= '<<=''??? ???

3'<0< '<0<'< '<4 43'??? '???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)63

?)6>

?)<3

?)04

?);>


2>< 2> < jc 264


BIIMT]^M ( SKKK

VDJ^\ \M^H GKR]KLK\[ ^B\KJV5 2+ F}~~mi| ^b|kj >+ Bfkl \mv| ^b|kj $R}kfa ^b|kj+ 6+ Fbvd ^b|kj <+ Fbvd Cgj c~jh Jpm~b|kjiv ^b|kj =+ Lmcmivksm Ki|m~sbg 3+ Jpm~b|ksm F{fgm 0+ Fbvd F{fgm 4+ Pj~aki` Fbpk|bg 2+ F}~~ F}~~mi mi|| ^b| ^b|kj kj F}~~mi| Bvvm|v F}~~mi| Gkbnkgk|kmv [mb~v

>)

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

F}~~mi| Bvvm|v

3';> ';>6'<3 6'<32 2'?? '???

<'46 '460'' >'? ???

6'<2 '<2<'>> <'>>>' >'? ???

<'== '==4'06 4'060' 0'? ???

>'<> '<><'420 '420''??? ???

F}~~mi| Gkbnkgk|kmv

='32 '323'40 3'406 6'?? '???

2';3 ';3='64 ='642' 2'? ???

>'62 '62>'>> >'>><' <'? ???

>'66 '66='46 ='46?' ?'? ???

2'0< '0<4'44= '44=''??? ???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

2)>6 52

>)<3 52

2)<4 52

2);= 52

2)6; 52

Bfkl Bfkl \mv| \mv| ^b|k ^b|kj j $R} $R}kf kfa a ^b| ^b|kj kj++ F)B ‖ Kismi|j~kmv F}~~mi| Gkbnkgk|kmv

6)

[mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

F}~~mi| Bvvm|v

3';> ';>6'<3 6'<32 2'?? '???

<'46 '460'' >'? ???

6'<2 '<2<'>> <'>>>' >'? ???

<'== '==4'06 4'060' 0'? ???

>'<> '<><'420 '420''??? ???

Kismi|j~kmv

<'<; '<;6'0< 6'0<4 4'?? '???

>';> ';>>'?6 >'?62' 2'? ???

>'26 '26>'46 >'464' 4'? ???

2'== '==2'<4 2'<4>' >'? ???

2'<0 '<0<'44= '44=''??? ???

F}~~mi| Gkbnkgk|kmv

='32 '323'40 3'406 6'?? '???

2';3 ';3='64 ='642' 2'? ???

>'62 '62>'>> >'>><' <'? ???

>'66 '66='46 ='46?' ?'? ???

2'0< '0<4'44= '44=''??? ???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)<6 52

2)33 52

2)3? 52

>);< 52

2)3< 52

Fbvd ^b|kj


2>= 2> = jc 264


Fbvd ! Ha|) Vmf}~k|kmv F}~~mi| Gkbnkgk|kmv

<)

[mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Fbvd

2;;'244'???

2?2'?>>'???

2?3'0?6'???

>'?2;';=?'???

2<<'443'???

Ha|) Vmf}~k|kmv

(

(

(

(

;'?30

F}~~mi| Gkbnkgk|kmv

='323'406'???

2';3='642'???

>'62>'>><'???

>'66='46?'???

2'0<4'44='???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)?< 52

?)?= 52

?)?= 52

?)43 52

?)?4 52

Fbvd cg cgj c~ c~jh jp jpm~b|kj |kji Fbvd cgj c~jh Jpm~b|kji $Jpm~b|ki` _~jck| ! Lmpm~kfb|kji+ F}~~mi| Gkbnkgk|kmv [mb~v

=)

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Jpm~b|ki` _~jck|

066'?60'???

;24'>=>'???

;;='04>'???

406'
Lmpm~kfb|kji

4=4'600'???

=>;'==4'???

6<4'206'???

60='=06'???

6;0'66?'???

F}~~mi| Gkbnkgk|kmv

='32 '323'406'???

2';3='642'???

>'62>'>><'???

>'66='46?'???

2'0<4'44='???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)>6 52

?)3< 52

?)== 52

?)=; 52

?)06 52

Jpm~b|kji F{fgm B*^ ki lb{v ! Kismi|j~{ |}~i jsm~ ki lb{v [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

B*F ~mf ki lb{v

<>

<6

60

60

6;

Kismi|j~{ |}~i jsm~ ki lb{v

2>?

224

2?6

;3

22=

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

23>

23?

2
266

2=<


2>3 2> 3 jc 264


3)

Pj~aki` Fbpk|bg F}~~mi| Bvvm|v(F}~~mi| Gkbnkgk|kmv [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

';>6'<3 '<32'? 2'??? <'46 '460''??? '??? 6'<2 '<2<'>> '>>>'??? '??? <'==4 '==4'0 '06 60'??? '??? F}~~mi| Bvvm|v 3';>

F}~~mi| Gkbnkgk|kmv >??4 2'6?3'=44'?? ?

='32 '323'40 '406'? 6'???

2';3 ';3='64 '642'??? '???

>??0 >'40>'?>2'?? ?


>'62 '62>'>> '>><'??? '???

>??3 2'2?2';;4'?? ?

>'66= '66='4 '46 6?'??? '???

>??= >'>>>';?0'?? ?

>??< >'<> >'<><' <'4 420'? 0'??? 2'0< 2'0<4' 4'4 44='? ='???

>??< 30=';6>'???

2>0 2> 0 jc 264


BIIMT]^M ( KT

_^JCK\BNKGK\[ BIBG[VKV5

2+ Im| p~jck| hb~`ki >+ Jpm~b|ki` p~jck| hb~`ki 6+ _~jck| nmcj~m |bt <+ Im| p~jck| hb~`ki =+ ^m|}~i ji bvvm| 3+ ^m|}~i ji kismv|hmi| 0+ ^m|}~i ji mr}k|{ 4+ ^m|}~i ji fjhhji mr}k|{ ;+ Jpm~b|ki` bvvm| |}~ijsm~ 2?+ ^m|}~i ji Jpm~b|ki` bvvm| 22+ L}pji| ~m|}~i ji Jp) bvvm| 2>+ L}pji| ~m|}~i ji \j|bg Bvvm| 26+ Fji|~kn}|kji Hb~`ki

2)

Im| p~jck| Hb~`ki Im| _~jck| * Gjvv Im| vbgmv [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Im| _~jck| * Gjvv

$2;='4>='???+

<'6>=';<4'???

3'2??'04?'???

2'?2='63<'???

;=0'=?>'???

Im| vbgmv

2>'>><'00;'?? '???

;'?>4'36='???

0'4<3'=;;'???

0'?;4'03='???

=';43';0 ';00'???

>??4 $2)3 ?+

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

<0);2-

00)0=-

2<)6?-

2=);;-


2>4 2> 4 jc 264


>)

Jpm~b|ki` p~jck| Hb~`ki Jpm~b|ki` p~jck| Im| vbgmv [mb~v

6)

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Jpm~b|ki` p~jck|

066'?60'???

;24'>=>'???

;;='04>'???

406'
Im| vbgmv

2>'>> '>><'00; '00;'? '?? ??

;'?> '?>4'36= '36='? '?? ??

0'4< '4<3'=;; '=;;'? '?? ??

0'?; '?;4'03= '03='? '?? ??

=';4 ';43';0 ';00'??? '???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

6)6>-

4)2>-

22)0?-

2<)?6-

2<)=;-

p~jck|*$Gjvv+ nm nmcj~m |b |bt Hb Hb~`ki _~jck|*gjvv nmcj~m |bt Im| vbgmv [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

_~jck|*gjvv nmcj~m |bt

$6?0'44;'???+

<'36>';< ';<4'???

3'6< '6<0'4
2'6>;';>='?? '???

2'243'3>2'???

Im| vbgmv

2>'>> '>><'00; '00;'? '?? ??

;'?> '?>4'36= '36='? '?? ??

0'4<3 '4<3'= '=; ;;'??? '???

0'?;4 '?;4'0 '03 3='??? '???

=';4 =';43' 3'; ;00'? 0'???

>??4 $>)= >+ <)

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

=2)62-

4?);?-

24)06-

2;)4>-

@~jvv p~ p~jck|*$Gjvv+ Hb Hb~`ki @~jvv _~jck| Im| vbgmv [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

@~jvv _~jck|

;<6'>;;'???

2'2;;'>06'???

2'>;<'3?<'???

2'6=>';0;'???

2'6?4'3?>'???

Im| vbgmv

2>'>> '>><'00; '00;''??? ???

;'?> '?>4'36 '36='?? ='??? ?

0'4<3 '4<3''=;; =;;'?? '???

0'?;4 '?;4'0 '03 3='??? '???

=';4 ';43'; 3';00'? 00'?? ??

>??4

>??0


>??3

>??=

>??<

2>; 2> ; jc 264


0)0>=)

26)>4-

23)=?-

2;)?3-

>2)43-

^m|}~i ji Bvvm| Im| kifjhm Bs` |j|bg bvvm| [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Im| kifjhm

$2;='4>='???+

<'6>=';<4'???

3'2??'04?'???

2'?2='63<'???

;=0'=?>'???

Bs` |j|bg bvvm|

6<'>63'=64'???

>4'?= '?=='; =';=;'= ;'=??

20'2< '2<3';
;'?< '?<0'<<= '<<=''??? ???

3'<0< '<0<'< '<4 43'??? '???

>??4 ( 3)

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

2=)<>-

6=)=4-

22)>>-

2<)0;-

^m|}~i ji \j|bg Mr}k|{5( Im| kifjhm * gjvv ‖ Lkskiml ji _*V Bs`) |j|bg mr}k|{

0)

[mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Im| kifjhm * gjvv

$2;='4>='???+

<'6>=';<4'???

3'2??'04?'???

2'?2='63<'???

;=0'=?>'???

Lkskl)ji _*V

(

(

(

(

(

Bs`) |j|bg mr}k|{

20'> 20'>>2 >2'3 '30> 0>'? '??? ??

2='; 2=';>2 >2'0 '04 4<'=? <'=?? ?

2?'0 2?'0?< ?<'= '=>3 >3'? '??? ??

=';3 =';3<' <'? ?=0'= =0'=?? ??

<'2; <'2;2' 2'43 43?' ?'? ???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

(2)2<-

>0)20-

=3);;-

20)?>-

>>)4<-

^m|}~i ji Fjhhji Mr}k|{5( Im| kifjhm ‖ lksklmil ji _*V Fjhhji mr}k|{ [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Im| kifjhm

$2;='4>='???+

<'6>=';<4'???

3'2??'04?'???

2'?2='63<'???

;=0'=?>'???

Lkskl)ji _*V

(

(

(

(

(


26? 26 ? jc 264


Fjhhji mr}k|{

>??4 ( 4)

20'>>2'30>'???

2=';> ';>2'0 2'04<'= <'=??

2?'0? '0?<'=>3 '=>3'? '?? ??

=';3 ';3<'?=0 '?=0''=?? =??

<'2;2 '2;2'4 '43 3?'??? '???

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

>0)20-

=3);;-

20)?>-

>>)4<-

^m|}~i ji Kismv|hmi|5( Im| kifjhm!Qki|m~mv| Ð$2(|bt ~b|m+X Bs`)$G\L!mr}k|{+ [mb~v

>??4

$2;='4>='???+ Im| kifjhm Ki|m~mv| Mtpmivm 2'33>'?;<'??? 6=\bt ^b|m Gji` \m~h Lmn| 2>6?<0>=0>??? Mr}k|{ Bs`)$G\L!mr}k|{+ >;=<02>>???

;)

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

<'6>=';<4'???

3'2??'04?'???

2'?2='63<'???

;=0'=?>'???

630'604'???

04';?;'???

24='=>;'???

26;'??4'???

6=-

6=-

6=-

6=-

2>6<3=?????

3?????????

2???4=2???

36=2???

2420?00>???

2630>0;0???

0063>==???

<2;243????

>=?;=?6<=??

2<>?<;=2=??

3<303=4=??

<2;4>22???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

>);;-

24)2;-

<6)62-

20)=3-

><);3-

Jpm~b|ki` Bv Bvvm| |} |}~ijsm~5( Im| Vbgmv Bs`) jpm~b|ki` bvvm|

2?)

[mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Im| Vbgmv

2>'>> '>><'00;'???

;'?>4'36='?? '???

0'4<3'=;;'?? '???

0'?;4'03='???

=';43';00'???

Bs`) jpm~b|ki` bvvm|

3=6'4;0'???

;'64='0>>'???

<'<<3'<4='???

2'=36'63;'???

30=';6>'???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

24)0?

?);3

2)03

<)=<

4)43

^m|}~i ji ji Jp Jpm~b|ki` Bv Bvvm| Jpm~b|ki` kifjhm


262 26 2 jc 264


Bs`) jpm~b|ki` bvvm| [mb~v Jpm~b|ki` kifjhm Bs`) jpm~b|ki` bvvm| 22) 22)

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

066'?60'???

;24'>=>'???

;;='04>'???

406'
3=6'4;0'???

;'64='0>>'???

<'<<3'<4='???

2'=36'63;'???

30=';6>'???

L}pj L}pji| i| ^m|} ^m|}~i ~i ji Jpm~ Jpm~b| b|ki ki` ` Bvvm Bvvm|| ) Jpm~b|ki` kifjhm hb~`ki t Jpm~b|ki` Bvvm| \}~ijsm~ [mb~v Jpm~b|ki` kifjhm hb~`ki Jpm~b|ki` Bvvm| \}~ijsm~

2>)

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

6)6>-

4)2>-

22)0?-

2<)?6-

2<)=;-

24)0?

?);3

2)03

<)=<

4)43

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

3>)?<-

0)42-

>?)3=-

36)3;-

2>;)>>-

L}p L}pji| ^m|} ^m|}~i ~i ji \j|bg j|bg Bvvm Bvvm|| ) Im| kifjhm * gjvv hb~`ki t \j|bg Bvvm| \}~ijsm~ [mb~v Im| kifjhm hb~`ki \j|bg Bvvm| \}~ijsm~

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

(2)3?-

<0);2-

00)0=-

2<)6?-

2=);;-

?)63

?)6>

?)<3

?)04

?);>

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

(?)=0-

2=)<>-

6=)=4-

22)>>-

2<)0;-


26> 26 > jc 264


BIIMT]^M ( T

Kismv|j~ Bibg{vkv5 2+ Mb~iki` _m~ Vdb~m >+ _~kfm Mb~iki` ^b|kj 6+ Njja Sbg}m pm~ Vdb~m <+ _b{j}| ^b|kj =+ Lksklmil [kmgl 3+ _m~fmi|b`m jc Mb~iki` ^m|bkiml 0+ Ckibifkbg Gmsm~b`m 2)

Mb~iki` _m~ Vdb~m Im| Kifjhm ( _~mc5 V|jfa Lksklmil Ij) jc Fjhhji V|jfa J}|v|bilki` [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Im| Kifjhm

$2;='4>='???+

<'6>= '6>='';<4 ;<4'?? '???

3'2?? '2??''04? 04?'?? '???

2'?2 '?2='63 ='63< <'?? '???

;=0'=?> '=?>'? '??? ??

(

(

(

(

(

4<'60;'=?<

06'606'<4>

3;'40;'=?0

3;'40;'=?0

<0'=60'?4?

_~mc5 V|jfa Lksklmil Ij) jc Fjhhji V|jfa J}|v|bilki` >??4 ( >)

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

=4);3

40)6?

2<)=6

>?)2<

_~kfm Mb~iki` ^b|kj Hb~am| _~kfm _m~ Vdb~m Mb~iki` _m~ Vdb~m [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Hb~am| _~kfm _m~ Vdb~m

42)2;

636)4?

>?<)??

>?>)??

2;4)4=

Mb~iki` _m~ Vdb~m

$>)6>+

=2)>0

40)6?

23)><

2;)3?

>??4

6)

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

0)2? ( Njja Sbg}m pm~ vdb~m)

>)6<

2>)<<

2?)2=

\j|bg Mr}k|{ ( _~mc5 V|jfa Mr}k|{


266 26 6 jc 264


Ij) jc Fjhhji V|jfa J}|v|bilki` [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

\j|bg Mr}k|{

23'> 23'>0> 0>'= '=0> 0>'? '??? ??

24'2 24'20? 0?'0 '00 0>'?? >'??? ?

26'3 26'30> 0>'0 '0;0 ;0'? '??? ??

0'06 0'063' 3'> >=='? =='??? ??

<'2; <'2;2' 2'43 43?' ?'? ???

(

(

(

(

(

4<'60;'=?<

06'606'<4>

3;'40;'=?0

3;'40;'=?0

<0'=60'?4?

_~mc5 V|jfa Mr}k|{ Ij) jc Fjhhji V|jfa J}|v|bilki`

<)

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

2;>)4=

><0)3=

2;=)33

22?)02

44)24

Lksklmil _b{j}| ~b|kj) Lksklmil _m~ Vdb~m Mb~iki` _m~ Vdb~m [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Lksklmil _bkl

(

<24'2;<'???

<20';2<'???

'<;3'???

';;3'???

Ij) jc Fjhhji V|jfa J}|v|bilki`

4<'60;'=?<

06'606'<4>

3;'40;'=?0

3;'40;'=?0

<0'=60'?4?

Lksklmil _m~ Vdb~m

(

=)0?

=);4

=)03

4)<4

Mb~iki` _m~ Vdb~m

$>)6>+

=2)>0

40)6?

23)><

2;)3?

>??4 (

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

22)2>-

3)4=-

6=)<0-

<6)>=-


26< 26 < jc 264


=)

Lksklmil [kmgl) Lksklmil _m~ Vdb~m Hb~am| _~kfm _m~ Vdb~m [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Lksklmil _m~ Vdb~m

(

=)0?

=);4

=)03

4)<4

Hb~am| _~kfm _m~ Vdb~m

42)2;

636)4?

>?<)??

>?>)??

2;4)4=

>??4 ( 3)

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

2)=0-

>);6-

>)4=-

<)>3-

_m~fmi|b`m jc ~m|bk |bkiml mb~iki`) Im| Kifjhm ‖ Lksklmil Im| Kifjhm [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Im| Kifjhm

(

<'6>=';<4'???

3'2??'04?'???

2'?2='63<'???

;=0'=?>'???

Lksklmil

(

<24'2;<'???

<20';2<'???

'<;3'???

';;3'???

Im| Kifjhm

(

<'6>=';<4'???

3'2??'04?'???

2'?2='63<'???

;=0'=?>'???

>??4 ( 0)

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

;?)66-

;6)2=-

3?)63-

=0);2-

Ckibifkbg Gm Gmsm~b`m Mb~iki` Nmcj~m Ki|m~mv| # \btmv Mb~iki` Nmcj~m \bt [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Mb~iki` Nmcj~m Ki|m~mv| # \btmv

066'?60'???

;24'>=>'???

;;='04>'???

406'
Mb~iki` Nmcj~m \bt

$6?0'44;'???+

<'36 '36>';<4 ';<4''??? ???

3'6< '6<0'4< 0'4
2'6> '6>;';> ;';>=' ='? ???

2'24 '243'3> '3>2'?? 2'??? ?

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

?)23

?)2<

?)0= ?)0< BIIMT]^M ( TK

(

>??<

Gji` \m~h Bibg{vkv


26= 26 = jc 264


2+ \khm Ki|m~mv| Mb~iml ^b|kj >+ Lmn| Vm~skfm Fjsm~b`m ^b|kj 6+ Cktml Fdb~`m Fjsm~b`m <+ Lmn| ^b|kj =+ Lmn| Mr}k|{ ^b|kj 3+ Cktml Bvvm| Fjsm~b`m

2)

\khm Ki Ki|m~mv| mb mb~iml ^b ^b|kj) Mb~iki` Nmcj~m Ki|m~mv| # \btmv Ki|m~mv| Mtpmivmv [mb~v

>??4

Mb~iki` Nmcj~m '?;<'??? Mtpmivmv

>)

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

066'?60'???

;24'>=>'???

;;='04>'???

406'
630'604'???

04';?;'???

24='=>;'???

26;'??4'???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)><

>)??

22)3<

=)60

3)>4

Lmn| Vm~skfm Fjsm~b`m ^b|kj) Mb~iki` Nmcj~m Ki|m~mv| # \btmv Ki|5 Mtp5 ! F}~~mi| Hb|}~k|{ jc G\L [mb~v Mb~iki` Nmcj~m Ki|m~mv| # \btmv Ki|m~mv| Mtpmivm F}~~mi| Hb|}~k|{ jc G\L

6)

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

066'?60'???

;24'>=>'???

;;='04>'???

406'
2'33>'?;<'???

630'604'???

04';?;'???

24='=>;'???

26;'??4'???

==?'???'???

(

(

(

(

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)24

>)??

22)3<

=)60

3)>4

Ckt Fdb~`m Fjsm~b`m ^b|kj) Ckibifkbg V|b|mhmi| Bibg{vkv

263 26 3 jc 264


Mb~iki` Nmcj~m Ki|m~mv| # \btmv Ki|5 Mtp5 ! F}~~mi| Hb|}~k|{ jc G\L ! ^mi|bgv jc G\L

<)

[mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Mb~iki` Nmcj~m Ki|m~mv| # \btmv

066'?60'???

;24'>=>'???

;;='04>'???

406'
Ki|m~mv| Mtpmivm

2'33>'?;<'???

630'604'???

04';?;'???

24='=>;'???

26;'??4'???

F}~~mi| Hb|}~k|{ jc G\L

==?'???'???

(

(

(

(

^mi|bgv jc G\L

(

(

(

(

(

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

?)24

>)??

22)3<

=)60

3)>4

Lmn| ^b|kj) \j|bg Gkbnkgk|kmv \j|bg Bvvm|v [mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

\j|bg Gkbnkgk|kmv

24'03>'?32'???

2='>30'302'?? '???

;'???'30;'???

6'44<'2<;'???

>'>4>'3>3'???

\j|bg Bvvm|v

6='?6 ='?6<' <'36 366' 6'?? ??? ?

66'< 66'<64 64'< '<<6 <6'? '??? ??

>>'3 >>'306 06'< '<03 03'? '?? ??

22'3 22'3>? >?'< '
3'<0 3'<0<' <'<4 <43' 3'?? ??? ?

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

=6)==-

<=)33-

6;)0?-

66)<6-

6=)>3-


260 26 0 jc 264


=)

Lmn| Mr}k|{ ^b|kj) Gji` \m~h Lmn| Fbpk|bgkub|kji $G\L ! Mr}k|{+

3)

[mb~v

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

Gji` \m~h Lmn|

2>'6?<'
2>'6<3'=??'???

3'???'???'???

2'???'4=2'???

3'6=2'???

Fbpk|bgkub|kji $G\L ! Mr}k|{+

>4'= >4'=0 03';0 ';0>'??? '???

6?'= 6?'=20 20'> '>0 0>'??? '???

2;'30 '30>'0;0 '0;0'? '?? ??

4'06 '060'2?3 '2?3'? '?? ??

<'2;4 '2;4'> '>2 22'??? '???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

<6)?3-

6?)=?-

22)<3-

?)2=-

Ckt Bvvm| Fjsm~b`m ^b|kj

Im| Cktml Bvvm|v Gji` \m~h Lmn| [mb~v Im| Cktml Bvvm|v Gji` \m~h Lmn|

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

>0'4> 0'4>4' 4'6 622'?? 2'??? ?

24'2 24'240 40'; ';; ;2'??? '???

26'>6? >6?'36 '36<'?? <'??? ?

3'>43 >43'6? '6??'?? ?'??? ?

6'>;< '>;<'= '=< <6'??? '???

2>'6?<'
2>'6<3'=??'???

3'???'???'???

2'???'4=2'???

3'6=2'???

>??4

>??0

>??3

>??=

>??<

>)>3

2)<0

>)>2

3)>4

=24)0<


264 26 4 jc 264

Final Report of Financial Statement Analysis of Packages Limited Lahore

Recommend Documents