T/Oi
GBBRMUKIOT ]TM@
GND GNEK BTM DCB DVE @GGE MCTT MVT EK ENDA ENV EIE NE NKV NNNE OGU OEI OVG ORK OTM RIK TMBK TKV TQV ]PK [PN
Gttmp Ngogamnmop dinvgo{ Gttidkgpkio ie N}p}gc e}o` ko Ko`kg Binbg{ Tpidh Mzdjgoam Dinvgo{ Cgq Bigr` Dgvkpgc Vripmdpkio E}o` @{ognkd Gttmp Gccidgpkio E}o` Mw}kp{ Ckohm` Tgukoa Tdjmnm Mgrokoat Vmr Tjgrm Ekogodkgc Kotpkp}pkio Egtp Niukoa Diot}nmr Aii`t Ekzm` Ngp}rkp{ Vcgo E}o` ie E}o`t N}p}gc E}o`t Niopjc{ Kodinm Vcgo Niom{ Ngrhmp N}p}gc E}o` Omp Gttmp Ugc}m Omq E}o` Ieemr Oio Vmreirnkoa Gttmp Oio Rmtk`mop Ko`kg Ogpkiogc Tpidh Mzdjgoam Rmp}ro io Koumtpnmop Tmd}rkpkmt go` Mzdjgoam Bigr` ie Ko`kg T{tpmngpkd Koumtpnmop Vcgo T{tpmngpkd Qkpj`rgq Vcgo ]okp Pr}tp ie Ko`kg [kmc` pi Ngp}rkp{
7
Mzmd}pkum T}nngr{ Pjm vrilmdp diopgkot pjm brkme `mtdrkvpkio `mtdrkvpkio ie pjm n}p}gc e}o` ko`}tpr{ ko amomrgc/ Pjm e}o`t pjgp grm tmcmdpm` eir tp}`{ grm< 7+ TBK Ngao}n Pgz Agko Tdjmnm *A+ 2+ J@ED Pgz Tgumr *A+ 4+ Pg}r}t Pgz Tjkmc` *A+ 0+ Dgogrg Ribmdi Mw}kp{ Pgz Tgumr *A+ =+ ]PK Mw}kp{ Pgz Tgukoa Vcgo *A+ 5+ CKD NE Pgz Vcgo *A+ 1+ KDKDK Vr} Pgz Vcgo *A+
Pjm Omp Gttmp Ugc}m *OGU+ ie mgdj ie pjmtm n}p}gc e}o`t iumr pjm cgtp pjrmm {mgrt kt pghmo ko gddi}op pi eko` i}p pjm tpgo`gr` `mukgpkio ie mgdj ie pjm e}o`t/ Pjmtm grm pghmo kopi gddi}op pi nmgt}rm pjm rmp}rot ie pjitm e}o`t/ Pjm rmp}rot grm dinvgrm` qkpj pjgp ie pjmkr bmodjngrh ko`mz rmp}ro/ ]tkoa pjm OGU ugc}m ie pjmtm n}p}gc e}o`t# bmpg *β+ di.meekdkmop ie mgdj ie pjmn jgt bmmo dgcd}cgpm` pi hoiq qjmpjmr pjm{ grm cmtt rkth{# gumrgam rkth{ ir jkaj rkth{ e}o`t/ Tknkcgrc{# Tknkcgrc{# tpgo`gr` `mukgpkio `mukgpkio gcti dgcd}cgpm` dgcd}cgpm` pi }o`mrtpgo` }o`mrtpgo` pjm rkth go` rmp}ro rmp}ro vriekcm vriekcm ie pjm tmcmdpm` e}o`t/ Pjm rmp}rot ie pjmtm e}o`t iumr pjm cgtp pjrmm {mgrt grm gcti b m gogc{|m`/ Pjm vrilmdp qkcc gcti diopgko pjm dinvgrktio ie TBK n}p}gc e}o`t qkpj ipjmr gttmp ngogamnmop e}o`t pi gogc{|m gogc{|m pjm rkth go` rmp}ro rmp}ro ie pjm e}o`t/ Vrkngr{ Vrkngr{ `gpg qgt diccmdpm diccmdpm` ` erin pjm e}o` ngogamr
2
Djgvpmr.7 Kopri`}dpkio Dinvgo{ Vriekcm Ko`}tpr{ Vriekcm
4
KOPRI@]DPKIO PI PGZ TGUKOA TJMNMT
0
KOPRI@]DPKIO PIN]P]GC E]O@ –N}p}gc e}o` kt g dinnio viic ie niom{ ko qjkdj koumtpir vcgdm pjmkr dioprkb}pkio pjgp kt pi bm koumtpm` ko gddir`godm qkpj pjm tpgpm` iblmdpkum/ Pjm e}o` bmcioat pi gcc pjm koumtpirt `mvmo`koa io pjm vrivirpkio ie jkt dioprkb}pkio pi pjm e}o`/„ G N}p}gc E}o` kt g pr}tp pjgp viict pjm tgukoat ie g o}nbmr ie koumtpirt qji tjgrm g dinnio ekogodkgc aigc/ Pjm niom{ pj}t diccmdpm` kt pjmo koumtpm` ko dgvkpgc ngrhmp kotpr}nmopt t}dj gt tjgrmt# `mbmop}rmt go` ipjmr tmd}rkpkmt/ Pjm kodinm mgrom` pjri}aj pjmtm koumtpnmopt koumtpnmopt go` pjm dgvkpgc gvvrmdkgpkiot gvvrmdkgpkiot rmgck|m` grm tjgrm` b{ kpt }okp jic`mrt ko vrivirpkio pi pjm o}nbmr ie }okpt iqom` b{ pjmn/ Pj}t g N}p}gc E}o` kt pjm nitp t}kpgbcm koumtpnmop eir pjm dinnio ngo gt kp ieemrt go ivvirp}okp{ pi koumtp ko g `kumrtkekm`# vriemttkiogcc{ ngogam` bgthmp ie tmd}rkpkmt gp g rmcgpkumc{ ciq ditp/ Pjm eciq djgrp bmciq `mtdrkbmt brig`c{ pjm qirhkoa ie g N}p}gc E}o`/
=
@mekokpkio % Tmp }v ie N}p}gc E}o` Ko –N}p}gc E}o` biih„ v}bcktjm` b{ koumtpnmop koumtpnmop dinvgo{ ie ]/T/# –G N}p}gc E}o` kt g ekogodkgc tmrukdm iragok|gpkio pjgp rmdmkumt niom{ erin tjgrmjic`mrt# koumtp kp# mgrot rmp}rot io kp# gppmnvpt pi nghm kp ariq go` gaarmtt pi vg{ pjm tjgrm jic`mrt dgtj io `mngo` eir pjm d}rrmop ugc}m ie jkt –koumtpnmop„/ Pjm koumtpnmop ngogamrt ie pjm e}o`t ngogam pjmtm tgukoat ko t}dj g qg{ pjgp pjm rkth kt nkoknk|m` go` tpmg`{ rmp}ro kt mot}rm`/ Tmd}rkpkmt go` Mzdjgoam Bigr` ie Ko`kg *N}p}gc E}o`+ Rma}cgpkiot# 7;;5 `mekom –N}p}gc E}o`„ gt# –g e}o` mtpgbcktjm` ko pjm eirn ie g pr}tp pi rgktm niokmt pjri}aj pjm tgcm ie }okpt pi pjm v}bckd ir g tmdpkio ie pjm vmivcm }o`mr iom ir nirm tdjmnmt eir koumtpkoa ko tmd}rkpkmt# kodc}`koa –Niom{ ngrhmp kotpr}nmopt„/
N}p}gc E}o` gt ekogodkgc kopmrnm`kgrkmt qjkdj bmkoa g qk`m ugrkmp{ ie tmd}rkpkmt qkpjko pjm rmgdj ie pjm nitp ni`mro koumtpirt/ Ergoh Rmckd{/
Pjm N}p}gc E}o` kt go knvirpgop umjkdcm eir brkoakoa qmgcpj jic`mr go` `mekdkp }okpt piampjmr `krmdpc{/ Lgnmt Vkmrdm/
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P[VMT IE N]P]GC E]O@T< 7/ IVMO.MO@M@ N]P]GC E]O@T< .
Pjm jic`mrt ie pjm tjgrmt ko pjm E}o` dgo rmtmcc pjmn pi pjm ktt}koa N}p}gc E}o` Dinvgo{ gp pjm pknm/ Pjm{ rmdmkum ko p}ro pjm omp gttmpt ugc}m *OGU+ ie pjm tjgrmt gp pjm pknm ie rm.tgcm/ T}dj N}p}gc E}o` Dinvgokmt vcgdm pjmkr e}o`t ko pjm tmdio`gr{ tmd}rkpkmt ngrhmp/ Pjm{ `i oip vgrpkdkvgpm ko omq ktt}m ngrhmp gt `i vmotkio e}o`t ir ckem kot}rgodm dinvgokmt/ Pj}t pjm{ koec}modm ngrhmp vrkdm ie dirvirgpm tmd}rkpkmt/ Ivmo.mo` koumtpnmop dinvgokmt dgo tmcc go }ocknkpm` o}nbmr ie Tjgrmt go` pj}t hmmv aikoa cgramr/ Pjm ivmo.mo` N}p}gc E}o` Dinvgo{ B}{t ir tmcct pjmkr tjgrmt/ Pjmtm dinvgokmt tmcc omq tjgrmt OGU vc}t g Cig`koa ir ngogamnmop emmt go` rm`mmn tjgrmt gp OGU/ Ko ipjmr qir`t# pjm pgramp gni}op go` pjm vmrki` bipj grm ko`mekokpm ko t}dj e}o`t/ 2/
[email protected]@M@ N]P]GC E]O@T<.
G dcitm`—mo` E}o` kt ivmo eir tgcm pi koumtpirt eir g tvmdkekd vmrki`# gepmr qjkdj e}rpjmr tgcmt grm dcitm`/ Go{ e}rpjmr prgotgdpkio eir b}{koa pjm }okpt ir rmv}rdjgtkoa pjmn# Jgvvmo ko pjm tmdio`gr{ ngrhmpt# qjmrm dcitm` mo` E}o`t grm cktpm`/ Pjmrmeirm omq koumtpirt b}{ erin pjm mzktpkoa koumtpirt# go` mzktpkoa koumtpirt dgo ckw}k`gpm pjmkr }okpt b{ tmcckoa pjmn pi ipjmr qkcckoa b}{mrt/ Ko g dcitm` mo` E}o`t# pj}t pjm viic ie e}o`t dgo pmdjokdgcc{ bm hmvp diotpgop/ Pjm gttmp ngogamn ngogamnmop mop dinvgo{ dinvgo{ *GND+ *GND+ jiqmumr jiqmumr## dgo b}{ i}p pjm }okpt }okpt erin erin pjm koumtpir koumtpirt# t# ko pjm tmdio`gr{ ngrhmpt# pj}t rm`}dkoa pjm gni}op ie e}o`t jmc` b{ i}ptk`m koumtpirt/ Pjm vrkdm gp qjkdj }okpt dgo bm tic` ir rm`mmnm` @mvmo`t io pjm ngrhmp vrkdmt# qjkdj grm e}o`gnmopgcc{ ckohm` pi pjm OGU/ Koumtpirt ko dcitm` mo` E}o`t rmdmkum mkpjmr dmrpkekdgpmt ir @mvitkpir{ rmdmkvpt# eir pjmkr jic`koat ko g dcitm` mo` mo ` n}p}gc E}o`/
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N]P]GC E]O@ TDJMNM P[VMT< 7+ Mw}kp{ @kumrtkekm` Tdjmnmt Pjmt Pjmtmm tdjmn tdjmnmt mt ngko ngkoc{ c{ koumt koumtpp ko mw}kp mw}kp{/ {/ Pjm{ Pjm{ tmmh tmmh pi gdjk gdjkmum mum cioa. cioa.pm pmrn rn dgvk dgvkpg pgcc gvvrmdkgpkio b{ rmtvio`koa pi pjm `{ognkdgcc{ djgoakoa Ko`kgo mdioin{ b{ niukoa gdritt tmdpirt t}dj gt Ckemtp{cm# Vjgrng# D{dckdgc# Pmdjoicia{# mpd/ 2+ Tmdpir Tdjmnmt Pjmtm tdjmnmt eid}t io vgrpkd}cgr tmdpir gt KP# Bgohkoa# mpd/ Pjm{ tmmh pi amomrgpm cioa. pmrn dgvkpgc gvvrmdkgpkio b{ koumtpkoa ko mw}kp{ go` rmcgpm` tmd}rkpkmt ie dinvgokmt ko pjgp vgrpkd}cgr tmdpir/
4+ Ko`mz Tdjmnmt Pjmtm tdjmnmt gkn pi vriuk`m rmp}rot pjgp dcitmc{ dirrmtvio` pi pjm rmp}ro ie g vgrpkd}cgr tpidh ngrhmp ko`mz t}dj gt BTM Tmotmz# OTM Okep{# mpd/ T}dj tdjmnmt koumtp ko gcc pjm tpidht dinvrktkoa pjm ko`mz ko gvvrizkngpmc{ pjm tgnm qmkajpgam gt pjm{ grm akumo ko pjgp ko`mz/ 0+ Mzdjgoam Prg`m` E}o`t *MPEt+ MPEt koumtp ko tpidht }o`mrc{koa g vgrpkd}cgr tpidh ko`mz ckhm OTM Okep{ ir BTM Tmotmz/ Pjm{ grm tknkcgr pi go ko`mz e}o` qkpj iom dr}dkgc `keemrmodm/ MPEt grm cktpm` go` prg`m` io g tpidh mzdjgoam/ Ko dioprgtp# go ko`mz e}o` kt bi}ajp go` tic` b{ pjm e}o` go` kpt `ktprkb}pirt/ =+ Pgz Tgukoa Tdjmnmt
Pgz.tgukoa tdjmnmt ieemr pgz rmbgpmt pi pjm koumtpirt }o`mr pgz cgqt vrmtdrkbm` erin pknm pi pknm/ ]o`mr Tmd/:: ie pjm Kodinm Pgz :
Gdp# dioprkb}pkiot ng`m pi go{ Mw}kp{ Ckohm` Tgukoat Tdjmnm *MCTT+ grm mckakbcm eir rmbgpm/
5+ @{ognkd E}o`t Pjmtm Pjmtm tdjmnm tdjmnmtt gcpmr gcpmr pjmkr pjmkr mzvit}r mzvit}rmm pi `keemr `keemrmop mop gttmp gttmp dcgttm dcgttmtt bgtm` bgtm` io pjm ngrhmp ngrhmp tdmogrki/ tdmogrki/ T}dj e}o`t p{vkdgcc{ p{vkdgcc{ pr{ pi biih vriekpt qjmo pjm ngrhmpt ngrhmpt grm iumrugc}m` iumrugc}m` go` rmngko rmngko e}cc{ koumtpm` ko mw}kpkmt qjmo pjm ngrhmpt grm }o`mrugc}m`/ Pjkt kt t}kpgbcm eir koumtpirt qji eko` kp `keekd}cp pi `mdk`m qjmo pi w}kp erin mw}kp{/ 1+ Bgcgodm` Tdjmnmt Pjmtm tdjmnmt tmmh pi gdjkmum cioa.pmrn dgvkpgc gvvrmdkgpkio qkpj tpgbkckp{ ie koumtpnmop go` d}rrmop kodinm erin g bgcgodm` b gcgodm` virpeicki ie jkaj w}gckp{ mw}kp{ go` ekzm`.kodinm tmd}rkpkmt/ :+ Nm`k}n.Pmrn @mbp Tdjmnmt Pjmtm tdjmnmt jgum g virpeicki ie `mbp go` niom{ ngrhmp kotpr}nmopt qjmrm pjm gumrgam ngp}rkp{ ie pjm }o`mrc{koa virpeicki kt ko pjm rgoam ie ekum pi tmumo {mgrt/ ;+ Tjirp.Pmrn @mbp Tdjmnmt Pjmtm tdjmnmt jgum g virpeicki ie `mbp go` niom{ ngrhmp kotpr}nmopt qjmrm pjm gumrgam ngp}rkp{ ie pjm }o`mrc{koa virpeicki kt ko pjm rgoam ie i om pi pqi {mgrt/ 76+ Niom{ Ngrhmp @mbp Tdjmnmt Pjmtm tdjmnmt koumtp ko `mbp tmd}rkpkmt ie g tjirp.pmrn ogp}rm# qjkdj amomrgcc{ nmgot tmd}rkpkmt ie cmtt pjgo iom.{mgr ngp}rkp{/ Pjm p{vkdgc tjirp.pmrn kopmrmtp.bmgrkoa kotpr}nmopt pjmtm e}o`t koumtp ko Prmgt}r{ Bkcct# Dmrpkekdgpmt ie @mvitkp# Dinnmrdkgc Vgvmr go` Kopmr.Bgoh Dgcc Niom{ Ngrhmp/ 77+ Nm`k}n.Pmrn Akcp Tdjmnmt Pjmtm tdjmnmt koumtp ko aiumronmop tmd}rkpkmt/ Pjm gumrgam ngp}rkp{ ie pjm tmd}rkpkmt ko pjm tdjmnm kt iumr pjrmm {mgrt/ 72+ Tjirp.Pmrn Akcp Tdjmnmt Pjmtm tdjmnmt koumtp ko aiumronmop tmd}rkpkmt/ Pjm tmd}rkpkmt koumtpm` ko grm ie tjirp pi nm`k}n pmrn ngp}rkpkmt/ 74+ Ecigpkoa Rgpm E}o`t Pjm{ koumtp ko `mbp tmd}rkpkmt qkpj ecigpkoa kopmrmtp rgpmt# qjkdj grm amomrgcc{ ckohm` pi tinm bmodjngrh rgpm ckhm NKBIR/ Ecigpkoa rgpm e}o`t jgum g jkaj rmcmugodm qjmo kopmrmtp rgpmt grm io pjm rktm jmcvkoa koumtpirt pi rk`m pjm kopmrmtp rgpm rktm/ ;
70+ Niopjc{ Kodinm Vcgot *NKVT+ Pjmtm grm bgtkdgcc{ bgtkdgcc{ `mbp tdjmnmt# tdjmnmt# qjkdj nghm ngrakogc ngrakogc koumtpnmopt koumtpnmopt ko pjm rgoam ie 76. 2=- ko mw}kp{ pi biitp pjm tdjmnm‛t rmp}rot/ NKV tdjmnmt grm k`mgc eir koumtpirt qji tmmh tckajpc{ jkajmr rmp}ro pjgp v}rm cioa.pmrn `mbp tdjmnmt gp ngrakogcc{ jkajmr rkth/
@KEEMRMOP NI@MT IE RMDMKUKOA PJM KODINM MGROM@ ERIN N]P]GC E]O@ KOUMTPNMOPT N}p}gc E}o`t ieemr pjrmm nmpji`t ie rmdmkukoa kodinm< 7+ Ariqpj Vcgo Ko pjkt vcgo# `kuk`mo` kt omkpjmr `mdcgrm` `mdcgrm` oir vgk` i}p pi pjm koumtpir koumtpir b}p kt b}kcp kopi pjm ugc}m ie pjm OGU/ Ko ipjmr qir`t# pjm OGU kodrmgtmt iumr pknm `}m pi t}dj kodinmt go` pjm koumtpir rmgck|mt ioc{ pjm dgvkpgc gvvrmdkgpkio io rm`mnvpkio ie jkt koumtpnmop/ 2+ Kodinm Vcgo Ko pjkt vcgo# `kuk`mo`t grm vgk`.i}p pi pjm koumtpir/ Ko ipjmr qir`t# pjm OGU ioc{ rmecmdpt pjm dgvkpgc gvvrmdkgpkio ir `mvrmdkgpkio ko ngrhmp vrkdm ie pjm }o`mrc{koa virpeicki/ 4+ @kuk`mo` Rm.koumtpnmop Vcgo Ko pjkt dgtm# `kuk`mo` kt `mdcgrm` b}p oip vgk` i}p pi pjm koumtpir# kotpmg`# kp kt rmkoumtpm` bgdh kopi pjm tdjmnm gp pjm pjmo vrmugkckoa OGU/ Ko ipjmr qir`t# pjm koumtpir kt akumo g``kpkiogc }okpt go` oip dgtj gt `kuk`mo`/
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RKTHT GTTIDKGPM@ QKPJ N]P]GC E]O@T Koumtpkoa ko N}p}gc E}o`t# gt qkpj go{ tmd}rkp{# `imt oip dinm qkpji}p rkth/ Iom ie pjm nitp bgtkd mdioinkd vrkodkvcmt kt pjgp rkth go` rmqgr` grm `krmdpc{ dirrmcgpm`/ Ko ipjmr qir`t# pjm armgpm armgpmrr pjm vipmop vipmopkgc kgc rkth pjm armgpm armgpmrr pjm vipmop vipmopkgc kgc rmp}ro/ rmp}ro/ Pjm p{vmt p{vmt ie rkth rkth dinnio dinnioc{ c{ gttidkgpm` qkpj N}p}gc E}o`t grm< 7+ NGRHM GRHMP P RKTH RKTH Ngrhmp rkth rmcgpmt pi pjm ngrhmp ugc}m ie g tmd}rkp{ ko pjm e}p}rm/ Ngrhmp vrkdmt ec}dp}gpm go` grm t}tdmvpkbcm pi mdioinkd go` ekogodkgc prmo`t# t}vvc{ go` `mngo`# go` ngo{ ipjmr egdpirt pjgp dgooip bm vrmdktmc{ vrm`kdpm` ir diopriccm`/ di opriccm`/ 2+ VICK VICKPK PKDG DGC C RKTH RKTH Djgoamt ko pjm pgz cgqt# prg`m rma}cgpkiot# g`nkoktpmrm` vrkdmt# mpd grm tinm ie pjm ngo{ vickpkdgc egdpirt pjgp drmgpm ngrhmp rkth/ Gcpji}aj diccmdpkumc{# gt dkpk|mot# qm jgum ko`krmdp diopric pjri}aj pjm viqmr ie i}r i} r uipm ko`kuk`}gcc{# gt koumtpirt# qm jgum ukrp}gcc{ oi di opric/ 4+ KOEC KOECGP GPKI KIO O RKTH RKTH Kopmrmtp rgpm rkth rmcgpmt pi e}p}rm djgoamt ko kopmrmtp rgpmt/ Eir kotpgodm# ke go koumtpir koumtpt ko g cioa.pmrn `mbp N}p}gc E}o` tdjmnm go` kopmrmtp rgpmt kodrmgtm# pjm OGU ie pjm tdjmnm qkcc egcc bmdg}tm pjm tdjmnm qkcc bm mo` }v jic`koa `mbp ieemrkoa ciqmr kopmrmtp rgpmt/ 0+ B]T B]TKOMT KOMTT T RKT RKTH H B}tkomtt rkth kt pjm }odmrpgkop{ diodmrokoa pjm e}p}rm mzktpmodm# tpgbkckp{# go` vriekpgbkckp{ ie pjm ktt}mr ie pjm tmd}rkp{/ B}tkomtt rkth kt kojmrmop ko gcc b}tkomtt umop}rmt/ Pjm e}p}rm ekogodkgc tpgbkckp{ ie g dinvgo{ dgooip bm vrm`kdpm` ir a}grgopmm`# oir dgo pjm vrkdm ie kpt tmd}rkpkmt/ G`umrtm djgoamt ko b}tkomtt dkrd}ntpgodmt qkcc rm`}dm pjm ngrhmp vrkdm ie pjm dinvgo{‛t mw}kp{ rmt}cpkoa ko vrivirpkiogpm egcc ko pjm =+ MDI MDIOIN OINKD RKT RKTH H Mdioinkd rkth kouicumt }odmrpgkop{ ko pjm mdioin{# qjkdj# ko p}ro# dgo jgum go g`umrtm meemdp io g dinvgo{‛t b}tkomtt/ Eir kotpgodm# ke niotiiot egkc ko g {mgr# mw}kp{ tpidht ie garkd}cp}rm.bgtm` dinvgokmt qkcc egcc go` OGUt ie N}p}gc E}o`t# qjkdj jgum koumtpm` ko t}dj tpidht# qkcc egcc vrivirpkiogpmc{/
77
DINVGO[ VRIEKCM
72
Dinvgo{ Vriekcm TBK e}o`t ngogamnmop vrkugpm cknkpm` kt go gttmp ngogamnmop dinvgo{# g likop umop}rm bmpqmmo TBK# pjm di}opr{‛t cgramtp bgoh go` tidkmp{ amomrgc gttmp ngogamnmop *ERGODM+ iom ie qirc`‛t cmg`koa e}o` ngogamnmop dinvgokmt/ Qkpj iumr 26 {mgrt ie rkdj mzvmrkmodm ko e}o` ngogamnmop# TBK e}o` ngogamnmop vrkugpm cknkpm` ko iom ie pjm cgramtp koumtpnmop ekrnt ko Ko`kg /ngogakoa koumtpnmop ngo`gpmt ie iumr 05 cghmt koumtpirt qkpj g ompqirh ie iumr 746 vikopt ie gddmvpgodm tvrmg` gdritt Ko`kg/
KOUMTPIT TMRUKDM DMOPMRT<
74
TBKNE KOUMTPIRT TMRUKDM DMOPMRT<
70
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BGOAGCIRM
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BJ]BGOMTJQGR
OGAV]R
DJGO@KAGRJ
OMQ @MCJK
DJMOOGK
VGPOG
DIKNBGPIRM
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AIG
TKCKA]RK
A]RAGIO
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A]QGJGPK
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Iumrukmq ie mzktpkoa tdjmnmt m ko n}p}gc e}o`t< 7/ Mw}kp{ e}o`< 7=
Pjmtm e}o`t koumtp g ngzkn}n vgrp ie pjmkr dirv}t kopi mw}kpkmt jic`koat/ Pjm tpr}dp}rm ie pjm e}o` ng{ ugr{ `keemrmop eir `keemrmop tdjmnmt go` pjm e}o` ngogamr‛t i}pciih io `keemrmop tpidht/ Pjm Mw}kp{ E}o`t grm t}b.dcgttkekm` `mvmo`koa }vio pjmkr koumtpnmop iblmdpkum# gt eicciqt< •
@kumrtkekm` Mw}kp{ E}o`t
•
Nk`.Dgv E}o`t
•
Tmdpir Tvmdkekd E}o`t
•
Pgz Tgukoat E}o`t *MCTT+
Mw}kp{ Mw}kp{ koumtpnmopt koumtpnmopt grm nmgop eir g cioamr pknm jirk|io# jirk|io# pj}t Mw}kp{ e}o`t rgoh jkaj io pjm rkth.rmp}ro ngprkz/
2/ @mbp e}o`t< Pjm iblmdpkum ie pjmtm E}o`t kt pi koumtp ko `mbp vgvmrt/ Aiumronmop g}pjirkpkmt# vrkugpm dinvgokmt# bgoht go` ekogodkgc kotpkp}pkiot grm tinm ie pjm nglir ktt}mrt ie `mbp vgvmrt/ B{ koumtpkoa ko `mbp kotpr}nmopt# pjmtm e}o`t mot}rm ciq rkth go` vriuk`m tpgbcm kodinm pi pjm koumtpirt/ @mbp e}o`t grm e}rpjmr dcgttkekm` gt< Akcp E}o`t< Koumtp pjmkr dirv}t ko tmd}rkpkmt ktt}m` b{ Aiumronmop# viv}cgrc{ hoiqo gt Aiumronmop ie Ko`kg `mbp vgvmrt/ Pjmtm E}o`t dgrr{ |mri @meg}cp rkth b}p grm gttidkgpm` qkpj Kopmrmtp Rgpm rkth/ Kodinm E}o`t < Koumtp g nglir virpkio kopi ugrki}t `mbp kotpr}nmopt t}dj gt bio`t# dirvirgpm `mbmop}rmt go` Aiumronmop tmd}rkpkmt/ Tjirp Pmrn Vcgot *TPVt+ < Nmgop eir koumtpnmop jirk|io eir pjrmm pi tkz niopjt/ Pjmtm e}o`t e}o`t vrkngr vrkngrkc{ kc{ koumtp koumtp ko tjirp tjirp pmrn pmrn vgvmrt vgvmrt ckhm ckhm Dmrpke Dmrpkekdgp kdgpmm ie @mvitkp @mvitkptt *D@t+ *D@t+ go` Dinnmrdkgc Vgvmrt *DVt+/ Ckw}k` E}o`t < Gcti hoiqo gt Niom{ Ngrhmp Tdjmnmt# Pjmtm e}o`t vriuk`mt mgt{ ckw}k`kp{ go` vrmtmrugpkio ie dgvkpgc/ Pjmtm tdjmnmt koumtp ko tjirp.pmrn kotpr}nmopt ckhm Prmgt}r{ Bkcct# kopmr.bgoh dgcc niom{ ngrhmp# DVt go` D@t/
4/ Bgcgodm` e}o`t< 75
Gt pjm ognm t}aamtp pjm{# grm g nkz ie bipj mw}kp{ go` `mbp e}o`t/ Pjm{ koumtp ko bipj mw}kpk mw}kpkmt mt go` ekzm` ekzm` kodinm kodinm tmd}rk tmd}rkpkm pkmt# t# qjkdj qjkdj grm ko ckom ckom qkpj qkpj vrm.`m vrm.`mek ekom` om` koumtp koumtpnmo nmopp iblmdpkum ie pjm tdjmnm/ Pjmtm tdjmnmt gkn pi vriuk`m koumtpirt qkpj pjm bmtp ie bipj pjm qirc`t/ Mw}kp{ vgrp vriuk`mt ariqpj go` pjm `mbp vgrp vriuk`mt tpgbkckp{ ko rmp}rot/ Mgdj dgpmair{ ie e}o`t kt bgdhm` b{ go koumtpnmop vjkcitivj{# qjkdj kt vrm.`mekom` ko pjm iblmdpkumt ie pjm e}o`/ Pjm koumtpir dgo gckao jkt iqo koumtpnmop omm`t qkpj pjm e}o`t iblmdpkum go` koumtp gddir`koa/
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KO@]TPR[ VRIEKCM
7:
IRAGOKTGPKIO IE G N]P]GC E]O@< Pjmrm grm ngo{ mopkpkmt kouicum` go` pjm `kgargn bmciq kcc}tprgpmt pjm iragok|gpkiogc tmp }v ie g N}p}gc E}o`<
N}p}gc E}o`t `kumrtke{ pjmkr rkth b{ jic`koa g virpeicki ie kotpmg` ie ioc{ iom gttmp/ Pjkt kt bmdg}tm b{ jic`koa gcc {i}r niom{ ko l}tp iom gttmp# pjm mopkrm eirp}omt ie {i}r virpeicki `mvmo` io pjkt iom gttmp/ B{ drmgpkoa g virpeicki ie g ugrkmp{ ie gttmpt# pjkt rkth kt t}btpgopkgcc{ rm`}dm`/ N}p}gc E}o` koumtpnmopt grm oip pipgcc{ rkth ermm/ Ko egdp# koumtpkoa ko N}p}gc E}o`t diopgko diopgkott pjm tgnm rkth rkth gt koumtp koumtpkoa koa ko pjm ngrhmpt# ngrhmpt# pjm ioc{ ioc{ `keemr `keemrmodm modm bmkoa pjgp pjgp `}m pi vriem vriemttk ttkiogc iogc ngogamn ngogamnmop mop ie e}o`t e}o`t pjm diopric diopriccgb cgbcm cm rktht rktht grm t}btpg t}btpgopk opkgcc gcc{ { rm`}dm` rm`}dm`// G umr{ umr{ knvirpgop rkth kouicum` ko N}p}gc E}o` koumtpnmopt kt pjm ngrhmp rkth/ Jiqmumr# pjm dinvgo{ tvmdkekd rktht grm cgramc{ mcknkogpm` `}m pi vriemttkiogc e}o` ngogamnmop/ Ko Ko`kg# n}p}gc e}o` ko`}tpr{ ko`}tpr{ kodirvirgpm` kodirvirgpm` b{ ]PK ko 7;54/ Pjm Ko`kgo n}p}gc e}o` ko`}tpr{ `inkogpm` b{ ]PK qjkdj jgt g pipgc dirv}t ie Rt/166bo diccmdpm` erin nirm pjgo 26 nkcckio koumtpirt/ G tmdio` cgramtp dgpmair{ ie n}p}gc e}o` kt pjm iodm ecigpm` b{ g vrkugpm tmdpir go` b{ eirmkao gttmp ngogamnmop dinvgokmt/ Ko 7;:5# TBK go` DGOBGOH n}p}gc e}o` mopmrm` pjm grmog/ Pjmo BIK# CKD# AKD mpd /tviotirm` b{ v}bckd tmdpir bgoht/ Ko7;;4 vrkugpm kopmrogpkiogc vcg{mrt ckhm Nirago Tpgocm{# LV Nirago go` dgvkpgc kopmrogpkiogc gcioa qkpj pjm jitp ie `inmtpkd vcg{mrt likom` pjm vgrp{/ Ko
7;
7;;;# GNEK kt ergnm` pi rma}cgpm n}p}gc e}o`t go` pi qkookoa pjm pr}tp go` dioek`modm ie koumtpirt/ D}rrmop tk|m ie n}p}gc e}o`t kt Rt/ 7==6bo qkpj DGAR ie 25/40-/
G Brkme Jktpir{ ie N}p}gc E}o` Ko dinnmrdkgc jktpir{ ie Ma{vpkgo kp qgt tpgpm` pjgp pjm tjgrmt qmrm ko umttmct go` dgrgugot# ko ir`mr pi tvrmg` pjm rkth ie b}tkomtt umop}rmt/ Gepmr tinmpknm ko 7:22# dgo koumtpnmop pr}tp dgccm` Tidkmp{ Amomrgc `m – Bmcak}m„ qgt eirnm` ko Bmcak}n/ Bmcak}n/ Pjm Ri{gc egnkc{ egnkc{ ie Jiccgo` Jiccgo` bmeirm bmeirm pjm tmvgrgpkio tmvgrgpkio ie Bmcak}n Bmcak}n go` Jiccgo` Jiccgo` eirnm` pjm kotpkp}pkio/ kotpkp}pkio/ Pjm kotpkp}p kotpkp}pkio kio jgt tmp rkajp tmrukd tmrukdmt mt ko g qk`m qk`m rgoam rgoam ie dinvgo dinvgokmt kmt go` vri`}d vri`}dm` m` pjm vmrdmv vmrdmvpp ie `kumrt `kumrtke kekdg kdgpk pkio io cgpmr# cgpmr# pjm koumtpnmop pr}tp diodmvp gpprgdpm` ngo{ di}oprkmt go` diotk`mrgbcm vriarmtt qgt nm` ko Tqkp|mrcgo` ckppcm ko Ergodm# Amrngo{# go` rmtp ie pjm M}rivm/ Pjm diodmvp ie koumtpnmop pr}tp agkom` ninmop}n ko Armgp Brkpgko/ Pjm ekrtp koumtpnmop pr}tp# pr}tp# pjm Eirmkao Eirmkao go` Diciokgc Diciokgc Aiumronmop Pr}tp# Pr}tp# qgt ei}o`m` ko Cio`io ko 7:5:/ Cgpmr ko 7:14# Ribmrp Ecmnkoa gp @}o`mm mtpgbcktjm` pjm Tdippktj# Gnmrkdgo Pr}tp/ Gp pjgp pknm# Brkpktj bio`t qmrm {kmc`koa g rmp}rot rgoakoa bmpqmmo ekum go` tkz vmr dmop/ Ko 7;44# pjm ]T Dioarmtt `krmdpm` pjm Tmd}rkpkmt go` Mzdjgoam Dinnkttkio *TMD+ pi koumtpkagpm pjm ivmrgpkiot ie pjm Gnmrkdgo Koumtpnmop Pr}tpt/ Pjm TMD rmdinnmo`m` pjm vgttgam ie
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cmaktcgpkio# qjkdj ngpmrkgck|m` ko 7;06/ Pjm Koumtpnmop Dinvgokmt Gdp ie 7;06 vriuk`mt r}cmt go` rma}cgpkiot eir pjm mtpgbcktjnmop go` n}p}gc e}o`t/ Pjm n}p}gc e}o` ko`}tpr{ ko Ko`kg tpgrpm` ko 7;54 qkpj pjm eirngpkio eirngpkio ie ]okp Pr}tp ie Ko`kg# gp pjm kokpkgpkum ie pjm Aiumronmop ie Ko`kg go` Rmtmrum Bgoh/ Pjm jktpir{ ie n}p}gc e}o` ko Ko`kg dgo bm brig`c{ `kuk`m` kopi ei}r `ktpkodp vjgtmt< Ekrtp vjgtm< *7;50 — :1+ . ]PK
Pjkt vjgtm bmako qkpj pjm kodmvpkio ie pjm ]okp Pr}tp ie Ko`kg *]PK+/ Kp rmngkom` pjm ioc{ n}p}gc e}o` vcg{mr ko pjm di}opr{ pkcc 7;:1/ ]PK tpgrpm` kpt ivmrgpkiot ko L}c{ 7;50 –qkpj g ukmq pi modi}rgakoa tgukoat go` koumtpnmop go` vgrpkdkvgpkio ko pjm kodinm# vriekpt go` agkot gddr}koa ko pjm dirvirgpkio erin pjm gdw}ktkpkio# jic`koa# ngogamnmop go` `ktvitgc ie tmd}rkpkmt„/ Ko tjirp# kp qgt tmp }v b{ pjm Ko`kgo Aiumronmop qkpj g ukmq pi g}anmopt tngcc tgukoat ko pjm di}opr{ go` pi dgogck|m pjmtm tgukoat pi pjm dgvkpgc ngrhmpt/ ]PK qkpomttm` g tciq go` tpmg`{ ariqpj iumr pjm 7;16t go` 7;:6t go` b{ pjm mo` ie 7;:: kp jg` go Gttmp ]o`mr Ngogamnmop *G]N+ ie Rt/5# 166 drirmt/ Tmdio` vjgtm< *7;:1 — 7;;4+ — Mopr{ ie V}bckd Tmdpir /
V}bckd tmdpir n}p}gc e}o`t tmp }v b{ tmdpir bgoht# Ckem Kot}rgodm Dirvirgpkio ie Ko`kg *CKD+ go` pjm Amomrgc Kot}rgodm Dirvirgpkio ie Ko`kg *AKD+ mopmrm` pjm ngrhmp ko 7;:1/ Pjm ekrtp oio.]PK N}p}gc E}o` qgt pjm TBK N}p}gc E}o` mtpgbcktjm` ko L}om 7;:1# eicciqm` b{ Dgo Bgoh N}p}gc E}o` ko @mdmnbmr 7;:1# V}olgb Ogpkiogc Bgoh ko G}a}tp 7;:;# Ko`kg Bgoh N}p}gc E}o` ko Oiumnbmr 7;:;# go` Bgoh ie Ko`kg N}p}gc E}o` ko 7;;6/ Bgoh ie Bgri`g N}p}gc E}o` ko Idpibmr 7;;2/ CKD tmp }v kpt N}p}gc E}o` ko L}om 7;:; gqjkcm AKD mtpgbcktjm` kpt n}p}gc e}o` ko @mdmnbmr 7;;6# gp pjm mo` ie 7;;4# pjm n}p}gc e}o` ko`}tpr{ jgt gttmp }o`mr ngogamnmop ie Rt/01660 drirmt/ Pjkr` vjgtm< *7;;4 — 2664+ Mopr{ ie Vrkugpm Tmdpir/
Qkpj pjm mopr{ ie vrkugpm tmdpir e}o`t ko 7;;4# g omq mrg tpgrpm` ko pjm Ko`kgo n}p}gc e}o` ko`}tpr{# akukoa pjm Ko`kgo koumtpirt g qk`mr djikdm ie e}o`t egnkckmt/ Gcti# 7;;4 qgt pjm {mgr ko qjkdj pjm ekrtp n}p}gc e}o` rma}cgpkiot rma}cgpkiot dgnm kopi bmkoa# }o`mr qjkdj gcc n}p}gc n}p}gc e}o`t# mzdmvp ]PK qjmrm pi bm rmaktpmrm` go` aiumrom`/ Pjm mrtpqjkcm Hipjgrk Vkiommr *oiq nmram` qkpj pjm Ergohcko Pmnvcmpio+ qgt pjm ekrtp vrkugpm tmdpir n}p}gc e}o` rmaktpmrm` ko L}c{ 7;;4/ Ko 7;;4 TMBK rma}cgpkiot qmrm t}btpkp}pm` b{ g nirm dinvrmjmotkum go` rmuktm` n}p}gc e}o` rma}cgpkiot ko 7;;5# pjm ko`}tpr{ oiq e}odpkiot }o`mr pjm TMBK rma}cgpkiot 7;;5/
27
Pjm o}nbmr ie n}p}gc e}o` ji}tmt qmop io kodrmgtkoa# qkpj ngo{ eirmkao n}p}gc e}o`t tmppkoa }v e}o`t ko Ko`kg go` gcti pjm ko`}tpr{ jgt qkpomttm` tmumrgc nmramrt go` gdw}ktkpkiot/ Gp pjm mo` ie Lgo}gr{ 2664# pjmrm qmrm 44 n}p}gc e}o`t qkpj pipgc gttmpt ie Rt/727:6= drirmt/ Pjm ]okp Pr}tp ie Ko`kg qkpj Rt/00=07 drirmt ie gttmpt }o`mr ngogamnmop qgt qg{ gjmg` ie ipjmr n}p}gc e}o`t/
Ei}rpj vjgtm< *Tkodm Embr}gr{ 2664+
Ko Embr}gr{ 2664# eicciqkoa pjm rmvmgc ie pjm ]okp Pr}tp ie Ko`kg gdp 7;54 ]PK qgt bke}rdgpm` kopi pqi tmvgrgpm mopkpkmt/ Iom kt pjm tvmdkekm` }o`mrpghkoa ie pjm ]okp Pr}tp ie Ko`kg qkpj gttmpt }o`mr ngogamnmop ie Rt/2;:4= drirmt gt gp pjm mo` ie Lgo}gr{ 2664# 26 64# rmvrmtmopkoa brig`c{# pjm gttmpt ie ]T 50 tdjmnmt# gtt}rm` rmp}ro go` dmrpgko ipjmr tdjmnmt/ Pjm tvmdkekm` }o`mrpghkoa ie ]okp Pr}tp ie Ko`kg# e}odpkiokoa }o`mr go g`nkoktpmrm` go` }o`mr pjm r}cmt eirnm` b{ Aiumronmop ie Ko`kg go` `imt oip dinm }o`mr pjm v}rukmq ie n}p}gc e}o` rma}cgpkiot/ Pjm tmdio` kt pjm ]PK N}p}gc E}o` Cknkpm`# tviotirm` b{ Tpgpm Bgoh ie Ko`kg# V}olgb Ogpkiogc Bgoh# Bgoh ie Bgri`g go` Ckem Kot}rgodm Dirvirgpkio/ Kp kt rmaktpmrm` qkpj TMBK go` e}odpkiot }o`mr pjm n}p}gc e}o` rma}cgpkiot/ Qkpj pjm bke}rdgpkio ie mrtpqjkcm ]PK qjkdj jg` ko Ngrdj 2666# nirm pjgo Rt/15666 drirmt ie gttmpt }o`mr ngogamnmop/ Qkpj pjm tmppkoa }v ie g ]PK n}p}gc e}o`# dioekrnkoa pi pjm TMBK n}p}gc e}o` rma}cgpkiot# go` qjkdj rmdmop nmramrt pghkoa vcgdm gnioa `keemrmop vrkugpm tmdpir e}o`t# pjm n}p}gc e}o` ko`}tpr{ ko`}tpr{ jg` mopmrm` mopmrm` kp d}rrmop d}rrmop vjgtm ie diotick`gpkio diotick`gpkio go` ariqpj/ Gt pjm mo` ie Ngrdj 266:# pjmrm qmrm 4= N}p}gc E}o`t# qjkdj ngogam gttmpt ie Rt/=6=7=2 }o`mr 027 tdjmnmt/
Mopkpkmt ko g N}p}gc E}o` Ivmrgpkio Ko Ko`kg# pjm eicciqkoa mopkpkmt grm kouicum` ko g n}p}gc e}o` ivmrgpkio< pjm Tviotir# pjm N}p}gc E}o`# pjm Pr}tpmmt# pjm Gttmp Ngogamnmop Dinvgo{# pjm D}tpi`kgo# go` pjm Rmaktprgrt go` Prgotemr Gamopt/
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Tviotir Pjm tviotir ie g n}p}gc e}o` kt ckhm pjm vrinipmr vrinipmr ie g dinvgo{/ Pjm tviotir ng{ bm g bgoh# g ekogodkgc kotpkp}pkio# ir g ekogodkgc tmrukdmt dinvgo{/ Kp ng{ bm Ko`kgo ir eirmkao/ Pjm tviotir kt rmtviotkbcm eir tmppkoa }v go` mtpgbcktjkoa pjm n}p}gc e}o`/ Pjm tviotir kt pjm tmppcmr ie pjm n}p}gc e}o` pr}tp/ Pjm tviotir `mcmagpmt pjm pr}tpmm‛t e}odpkiot pi pjm pr}tpmm/
Pr}tpmmt G pr}tp kt g oipkiogc mopkp{ pjgp dgooip dioprgdp ko kpt iqo ognm/ Ti# pjm pr}tp mopmrt kopi dioprgdpt ko pjm ognm ie pjm pr}tpmmt/ Gvvikopm` b{ pjm tviotir# pjm pr}tpmmt dgo bm mkpjmr ko`kuk`}gct ir g dirvirgpm bi`{ *g pr}tpmm dinvgo{+/ Pi mot}rm pjgp pjm pr}tpmmt grm egkr go` knvgrpkgc# TMBK r}cmt ngo`gpm pjgp gp cmgtp pqi.pjkr`t ie pjm pr}tpmmt grm ko`mvmo`mop — pjkt nmgot pjm{ jgum oi gttidkgpkio qkpj pjm tviotir/ Pjm pr}tpmmt gvvikop pjm gttmp ngogamnmop dinvgo{ *GND+# tmd}rm omdmttgr{ gvvriugct# gvvriugct# vmrki`kdgcc{ vmrki`kdgcc{ niokpir jiq pjm GND e}odpkiot# e}odpkiot# go` jic` pjm vrivmrpkmt vrivmrpkmt ie pjm ugrki}t tdjmnmt ko pr}tp eir pjm bmomekp ie koumtpirt/ Pr}tpmmt dgo bm jmc` gddi}opgbcm eir pjm ekogodkgc krrma}cgrkpkmt ie pjm n}p}gc e}o`/
Gttmp Ngogamnmop Dinvgokmt Gttmp Ngogamnmop Dinvgokmt ngogam pjm koumtpnmop virpeickit ie tdjmnmt/ Go GNDt kodinm dinmt erin pjm ngogamnmop emmt kp djgramt pjm tdjmnm kp ngogamt/ Ko ir`mr pi mgro pjm ngogamnmop emm# go GND jgt ogp}rgcc{ pi mnvci{ vmivcm go` bmgr gcc pjm mtpgbcktjnmop ditpt pjgp grm rmcgpm` pi kpt gdpkukp{# t}dj gt eir vrmnktmt# e}rokp}rm# dinv}pmrt go` ipjmr gttmpt# tiepqgrm `mumcivnmop# dinn}okdgpkio ditpt# mpd/ Pjmtm grm pi bm nmp i}p ie pjm ngogamnmop emm mgrom`/ Qkpjko GND# e}o` ngogamrt grm pi mot}rm pjgp tdjmnmt e}o`t grm koumtpm` pi gdjkmum pjm iblmdpkum ie pjm tdjmnm go` ko pjm kopmrmtp ie pjm }okp jic`mr/ Pjm DMI# ko pmro# jgt pi mot}rm pjgp pjgp pjm e}o` e}o` ngogamr ngogamrtt vmreir vmreirn n pjkt pjkt ricm/ ricm/ Ko g``kpki g``kpkio# o# dinvck dinvckgod godmm qkpj qkpj ugrki} ugrki}tt r}cmt r}cmt go` rma}cgpkiot# go` iumrgcc rkth ngogamnmop grm pjm rmtviotkbkckp{ ie pjm n}p}gc e}o`‛t DMI/ 24
D}tpi`kgot)@mvitkpir{ Pjm d}tpi`kgot ngkopgko d}tpi`{ ie pjm tmd}rkpkmt ko qjkdj pjm tdjmnm koumtpt — gt `ktpkodp erin pjm rmaktprgr qji prgdht pjm koumtpnmop b{ koumtpirt ko pjm tdjmnm/ Pjkt mot}rmt go ko`mvmo`mop rmdir` ie pjm koumtpnmop ie pjm tdjmnm/ Pjm d}tpi`kgo gcti eicciqt }v io ugrki}t dirvirgpm gdpkiot# t}dj gt rkajpt# bio}t go` `kuk`mo`t `mdcgrm` b{ pjm koumtpnmop dinvgo{/
Rmaktprgrt Go koumtpir‛t jic`koa ko n}p}gc e}o` tdjmnmt kt p{vkdgcc{ prgdhm` b{ pjm tdjmnm‛t Rmaktprgr go` Prgotemr gamop *R%P+/ Tinm GNDt vrmemr pi jgo`cm pjkt ricm ko.ji}tm# k/m/ io pjmkr iqo kotpmg` ie gvvikopkoa go R%P/ Pjm Rmaktprgr ir pjm GND gt pjm dgtm ng{ bm ngkopgkot go gddi}op ie pjm koumtpir‛t koumtpnmop ko go` `ktkoumtpnmop erin pjm tdjmnmt/ Rmw}mtpt pi koumtp nirm niom{ kopi g tdjmnm ir pi rm`mmn niom{ gagkotp mzktpkoa koumtpnmopt ko g tdjmnm grm vridmttm` b{ pjm R%P/
KNVIRPGOP DJGRGDPMRKTPKDT DJGRGDPMRKTPKDT IE G N]P]GC E]O@ g+ G N}p} N}p}gc gc E}o` gdp}gc gdp}gcc{ c{ bmcioa bmcioatt pi pjm pjm koum koumtp tpir irtt qji qji jgum jgum viic viicm` m` pjmkr pjmkr E}o` E}o`t/ t/ Pjm iqomrtjkv ie pjm n}p}gc e}o` kt ko pjm jgo`t ie pjm Koumtpirt/ b+ G N}p}gc E}o` E}o` kt ngogam` ngogam` b{ koumtpnmop koumtpnmop vriemtt vriemttkiogc kiogc go` ipjmr ipjmr tmrukdm tmrukdm vriuk`mrt# vriuk`mrt# qji mgro g emm eir pjmkr tmrukdmt# erin pjm e}o`t/ d+ Pjm viic ie E}o`t kt kt koumtpm` koumtpm` ko g virpeick virpeicki i ie ngrhmpgbcm ngrhmpgbcm koumtpnmo koumtpnmopt/ pt/ `+ Pjm ugc}m ugc}m ie ie pjm virpeicki virpeicki kt }v`gpm` }v`gpm` mumr{ `g{/ m+ Pjm Pjm koumt koumtpi pir‛ r‛tt tjgr tjgrmm ko pjm pjm e}o` e}o` kt `moin `moinko kogp gpm` m` b{ –}okpt –}okpt„/ „/ Pjm Pjm ugc} ugc}mm ie pjm }okpt }okpt djgo djgoamt amt qkpj djgoa djgoamm ko pjm pjm virpe virpeic icki ki ugc} ugc}m# m# mumr mumr{ { `g{/ `g{/ Pjm Pjm ugc} ugc}mm ie iom iom }okp }okp ie koumtpnmop kt dgccm` omp gttmp ugc}m *OGU+/ e+ Pjm koumtpnm koumtpnmop op virpeicki virpeicki ie pjm pjm n}p}gc n}p}gc e}o` kt drmgpm drmgpm` ` gddir`koa gddir`koa pi pjm tpgpm` tpgpm` koumtpn koumtpnmop mop iblmdpkumt ie pjm E}o`/
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Djgvpmr.2 Rmtmgrdj @mtkao go` Nmpji`icia{ g+ Omm` eir pjm Tp}`{ b+ Iblmdpkum ie pjm tp}`{ d+ Tgnvckoa go` @gpg Diccmdpkio `+ Tpgpktpkdgc Piict go` Pmdjokw}m m+ Cknkpgpkio ie pjm Tp}`{
2=
RMTMGRDJ NMPJI@ICIA[
25
G+ OMM@ EIR PJM TP]@[ Ko vrmt vrmtmo mopp ngrh ngrhmp mp prmo prmo`# `# N}p} N}p}gc gc E}o` E}o` kt iom iom ie pjm pjm rmui rmuic} c}pk pkio iogr gr{ { koumtp koumtpnmo nmopp gcpmro gcpmrogpk gpkumt umt// Ko vrmtmo vrmtmopp mdioin mdioinkd kd ckbmrg ckbmrgck| ck|gpk gpkio io tdmogr tdmogrki ki koum koumtp tpir irtt qkpj qkpj pjmk pjmkrr j}am j}am t}rv t}rvc} c}tt e}o` e}o`t# t# omm` omm`tt jkaj jkajc{ c{ `kum `kumrt rtke kekg kgbc bcmm kotpr}nmop gcpmrogpkum eir ni`mrgpm rmp}rot qkpj ciq rktht# qkpj pjkt pjm n}p}gc e}o`t aip tkaokekdgodm ko Ko`kgo dgvkpgc ngrhmp/ Go` @}m pi pjm eicciqkoa G`ugopgamt
/ G@UGOPGAMT IE N]P]GC E]O@T< 7+ 2+ 4+ 0+ =+ 5+ 1+ :+
Rm`}dm` Rkth/ @kumrtkekm` koumtpnmop/ Bipjmrgpkio ermm koumtpnmop/ Rmuicukoa p{vm ie koumtpnmop *Rmkoumtpnmop+/ *Rmkoumtpnmop+/ Tmcmdpkio go` pknkoat ie koumtpnmop/ Qk`m koumtpnmop ivvirp}okpkmt/ Koumtpnmopt dgrm/ Pgz bmomekpt/
21
B+ IBLMDPKUMT IE PJM TP]@[ 7/ Pi gogc{|m gogc{|m go` mugc}g mugc}gpm pm pjm vmreirngo vmreirngodm dm ie PGZAGKO PGZAGKO e}o`t e}o`t ie ugrki}t ugrki}t N}p}gc E}o` dinvgokmt bgtm` io vgtp `gpg/ 2/ Pi hoiq hoiq qjkdj qjkdj Pgz Pgz agko e}o` kt vmreirnkoa vmreirnkoa qmcc/ 4/ Dinvgrktio Dinvgrktio kt pi pi bm `iom `iom bgtm` bgtm` io Rkth Rkth % Rmp}ro % akukoa akukoa Rgoht Rgoht 0/ Pi vriuk`m vriuk`m pjm koeirngp koeirngpkio kio pi pjm pjm Koumtpir Koumtpir gt g ekogodkgc ekogodkgc g`uktmr g`uktmr
2:
D+ Tgnvckoa % @gpg Diccmdpkio TGNVCKOA PMDJOKW]M<
Diou Dioumok mokmo modm dm tgnv tgnvck ckoa oa pmdj pmdjok okw} w}mm *qjk *qjkdj dj dinm dinmtt }o`mr }o`mr oio.v oio.vri ribgb bgbkc kckp kp{ { tgnv tgnvck ckoa oa nmpji`+kt pghmo pi tmcmdp pjm ekum bgcgodm` e}o`t/ @GPG DICCMDPKIO < 7/ Vrkngr{ @gpg< Diccmdpm` erin pjm e}o` ngogamr gbi}p pjm e}o`t pjm{ grm vriuk`koa
go` pjm koumtpnmop nmpji`t pjm{ grm eicciqkoa pjri}aj vmrtiogc kopmrukmq/ 2/ Tmdio` Tmdio`gr{ gr{ @gpg< @gpg< Diccmd Diccmdpm` pm` erin pjm qmbtkpm qmbtkpmtt rmcgpm rmcgpm` ` pi n}p}gc n}p}gc e}o`t# e}o`t# biiht# biiht# go` bridj}rmt/
TGNVCM 7+ TBK Ngao}n Pgz Agko Tdjmnm *A+ 2+ J@ED Pgz Tgumr *A+ 4+ Pg}r}t Pgz Tjkmc` *A+ 0+ Dgogrg Ribmdi Mw}kp{ Pgz Tgumr *A+ =+ ]PK Mw}kp{ Pgz Tgukoa Vcgo *A+ 5+ CKD NE Pgz Vcgo *A+ 1+ KDKDK Vr} Pgz Vcgo *A+
2;
@+ Tpgpktpkdgc Piict % Pmdjokw}mt Tpgpktpkdgc Piict 7/ Nmgo 2/ Tpgo Tpgo`g `gr` r` `muk `mukgp gpki kio o 4/ Bmpg 0/ Tj Tjg grvm rvm Nm Nmg gt}rm t}rm =/ Prm{ Prm{ oir oir Nmg Nmgt} t}rm rm
Nmgo Kp kt pjm gumrga gumrgamm ie gcc pjm 4 {mgr {mgr rmp}ro rmp}rot/ t/ Kp }tm` pi dgcd}cgpm dgcd}cgpm Prm{oir Prm{oir Nmgt}rm Nmgt}rm go` Tjgrvm nmgt}rm/
Tpgo`gr` @mukgpkio *τ+ Tpgo`gr` @mukgpkio kt g tpgpktpkdgc piic# qjkdj nmgt}rmt pjm ugrkgbkckp{ ie rmp}rot erin pjm mzvmdpm` ugc}m# ir uicgpkckp{/ ui cgpkckp{/ Kp kt `moipm` b{ tkang *τ+/ Kp kt dgcd}cgpm` }tkoa pjm eirn}cg nmopkiom` bmciq< Qjmrm# kt pjm tgnvcm nmgo# zk‛t grm grm pjm ibtmrugpkiot *rmp}rot+# *rmp}rot+# go` O kt pjm pipgc pipgc o}nbmr ie ibtmrugpkiot ir pjm tgnvcm tk|m/
46
Bmpg Rkth kt go knvirpgop diotk`mrgpkio ko jic`koa go{ virpeicki/ Pjm rkth ko jic`koa tmd}rkpkmt kt amomrgcc{ gttidkgpm` qkpj pjm vittkbkckp{ pjgp rmgck|m` rmp}rot qkcc bm cmtt pjgo pjm rmp}rot mzvmdpm`/ Rktht dgo bm dcgttkekm` gt T{tpmngpkd rktht go` ]ot{tpmngpkd rktht/ •
]ot{tpmngpkd rktht< Pjmtm grm rktht pjgp grm }okw}m pi g ekrn ir ko`}tpr{/ Egdpirt t}dj gt ngogamnmop dgvg dgvgbk bkck ckp{ p{## diot diot}n }nmr mr vrme vrmemr mrmod modmt mt## cgbi cgbir# r# mpd/ mpd/ diop dioprk rkb}p b}pmm pi }ot{ }ot{tp tpmn mngp gpkd kd rkth rktht/ t/ ]ot{t ]ot{tpmn pmngpk gpkdd rktht rktht grm diopric diopriccgb cgbcm cm b{ ogp}rm ogp}rm go` dgo bm diotk` diotk`mrg mrgbc{ bc{ rm`}dm rm`}dm` ` b{ t}eekdkmopc{ `kumrtke{koa iom!t virpeicki/
•
T{tpmngpkd rktht< Pjmtm grm rktht gttidkgpm` qkpj pjm mdioinkd# vickpkdgc# tidkiciakdgc go` ipjmr ngdri. cmumc djgoamt/ Pjm{ geemdp pjm mopkrm ngrhmp gt g qjicm go` dgooip bm diopriccm` ir mcknkogpm` nmrmc{ b{ `kumrtke{koa iom!t virpeicki
Qjgp kt Bmpg9
Pjm `marmm# `marmm# pi qjkdj qjkdj `keemr `keemrmop mop virpe virpeick ickit it grm geemdp geemdpm` m` b{ pjmtm pjmtm t{tpmn t{tpmngpk gpkdd rktht rktht gt dinvgrm` dinvgrm` pi pjm meemdp io pjm ngrhmp gt g qjicm# kt `keemrmop `keemrmop go` kt nmgt}rm` b{ Bmpg/ Pi v}p kp `keemrmopc{# pjm t{tpmngpkd rktht ie ugrki}t tmd}rkpkmt `keemr `}m pi pjmkr rmcgpkiotjkvt qkpj pjm ngrhmp/ Pjm Bmpg egdpir `mtdrkbmt pjm niumnmop ko g tpidh!t ir g virpeicki!t rmp}rot ko rmcgpkio pi pjgp ie pjm ngrhmp rmp}ro/ Eir gcc vrgdpkdgc v}rvitmt# pjm ngrhmp rmp}rot grm nmgt}rm` b{ pjm rmp}rot io pjm ko`mz *Okep{# Nk`.dgv mpd/+# tkodm pjm ko`mz kt g aii` rmecmdpir ie pjm ngrhmp/
47
Nmpji`icia{ Eirn}cg<
Bmpg kt dgcd}cgpm` gt< Diugrkgodm * H l# H n+ β > .................................... Ugrkgodm *H n+
Qjmrm# H l kt pjm rmp}rot io pjm virpeicki ir tpidh . @MVMO@MOP UGRKGBCM H n kt pjm ngrhmp rmp}rot ir ko`mz . KO@MVMO@MOP UGRKGBCM
Ugrkgodm kt pjm tw}grm ie tpgo`gr` `mukgpkio/ Diugrkgodm kt g tpgpktpkd pjgp nmgt}rmt jiq pqi ugrkgbcmt di.ugr{# go` kt akumo b{<
Qjmrm# O `moipmt pjm pipgc o}nbmr ie ibtmrugpkiot# go` go` rmtvmdpkumc{ rmvrmtmop pjm grkpjnmpkd gumrgamt ie z go` {/ Ko ir`mr pi dgcd}cgpm pjm bmpg ie g virpeicki# n}cpkvc{ pjm qmkajpgam ie mgdj tpidh ko pjm virpeicki qkpj kpt bmpg ugc}m pi grrkum gp pjm qmkajpm` gumrgam bmpg ie pjm virpeicki
Tjgrvm Nmgt}rm Tjgrvm nmgt}rm rmecmdpt pjm mzdmtt rmp}ro rmp}ro mgrom` io g virpeicki vmr }okp ie kpt pipgc rkth/ Kp kt tknkcgr pi Prm{ oir nmgt}rm mzdmvp pjgp kp mnvci{mmt tpgo`gr` `mukgpkio gt g nmgt}rm ie rkth/ Pj}t#
42
Gumrgam rgpm ie rmp}ro — Rkth ermm rgpm Tjgrvm nmgt}rm > ...................... ................................. ..................... .............. .... Tpgo`gr` `mukgpkio ie rmp}ro
Prm{.oir Nmgt}rm Gddir`koa pi Lgdh Prm{.oir# t{tpmngpkd rkth ir bmpg kt pjm gvvrivrkgpm nmgt}rm ie rkth/ Prm{.oir nmgt}rm ie virpeicki gcti rmcgpm` pi pjm virpeicki ie bmpg/ Pj}t# Gumrgam rgpm ie rmp}ro.Rkth ermm rgpm Prm{.oir nmgt}rm
> ..................... ................................ ...................... ............. .. Bmpg
Oipm< 7/ Pjm Tjgrvm nmgt}rm# pjm Prm{.oir nmgt}rm gt qmcc gt pjm Tjgrvm nmgt}rm# vitp}cgpm g ckomgr
rmcgpkiotjkv bmpqmmo rkth go` rmp}ro pji}aj pjm{ mnvci{ `keemrmop nmgt}rmt ie rkth/ 2/ Eir g vmremd vmremdpc{ pc{ `kumrtk `kumrtkekm ekm` ` virpei virpeicki cki bipj pjm nmgt}r nmgt}rmt mt akum k`mopk k`mopkdgc dgc rgohkoat rgohkoat bmdg}tm bmdg}tm ko t}dj dgtmt pjm pipgc rkth go` t{tpmngpkd rkth grm pjm tgnm
44
M+ Cknkpgpkiot ie pjm Tp}`{ 7+ Tp}`{ kt dioekom` pi pjm `gpg gugkcgbcm erin pjm egdp tjmmpt Go` Qmbtkpmt 2+ Pgz Agko Tdjmnmt ie Tmumo GND‛t grm ioc{ pghmo ko pi gddi}op `}m Pi Pknm go` Ekogodm diotprgkopt/ 4+ Jktpirkdgc `gpg kt oip g vmremdp nmgt}rm ie e}p}rm vmreirngodm/
40
Djgvpmr.4 @gpg Gogc{tkt % Kopmrvrmpgpkio 4=
@GPG GOGC[TKT % KOPMRVRMPGPKIO 45
7+ TBK NGAO]N PGZ AGKO TDJMNM *A+ Piv ie Eirn Bippin ie Eirn
Ivmo.Mo`m`
E}o` P{vm Koumtpnmop Vcgo
Ariqpj
Gttmp Tk|m *Rt dr+
0#055/;1 *L}c.47.266;+
Nkokn}n Koumtpnmop
Rt/=66
Cg}odj @gpm
Ngr 47# 7;;4
Bmodjngrh
BTM 766
E}o` Ngogamr
Lg{mtj Tjriee
41
T/O
Erin @gpm
OGU
PI @gpm
OGU
Rmp}ro Z *-+
Rmp}ro [ *-+
7
7)1)7;;;
0/;0
46)65)2666
76/755
76=/1
44/=2;6
2
7)1)2666
76/=:
46)65)2667
0/=
.=1
.44/42:7
4
7)1)2667
0/=5
46)65)2662
0/14
4/1
6/:652
0
7)1)2662
0/:7
46)65)2664
0/:;
7/1
;/;=24
=
7)1)2664
0/;4
46)65)2660
:/:7
1:/5
06/5002
5
7)1)2660
:/;7
46)65)266=
22/65
701/=
01/;612
1
7)1)266=
22/4
46)65)2665
42/4=
0=/7
02/67;0
:
7)1)2665
42/061
46)65)2661
0:/70
0:/=
07/7274
;
7)1)2661
0:/=2
46)65)266:
02/45
.72/1
.1/:200
76
7)1)266:
06/:2
46)65)266;
0=/5=
77/:
1/04:1
T]N
412/;
7:2/2557
GUA
41/2;
7:/2255
Tp` @mu
Bmpg
Tjgrvm
Prm{ oir
56/5;41
6/4=46
6/0;;6
:=/:670
Argvjkdgc rmvrmtmopgpkio ie Rmp}rot ie TBK NGAO]N Pgz Agko
Kopmrvrmpgpkio< TBK Ngao}n Pgz agko E}o` kt Vmreirnkoa Tkodm 76 [mgrt qkpj Gumrgam Rmp}ro
41/2;
Tpgo`gr` `mukgpkio
56/5;
Bmpg
6/4=4 4:
Tjgrvm
6/0;;
Prm{ oir
:=/:6;
2+ J@ED PGZ TGUMR *A+ Piv ie Eirn Bippin ie Eirn
Ivmo.Mo`m`
E}o` P{vm Koumtpnmop Vcgo
Ariqpj
Gttmp Tk|m *Rt dr+
7#106/14 *L}c.47.266;+
Nkokn}n Koumtpnmop
Rt/=66
Cgtp @kuk`mo`
Rt/27/66 *Gvr.64.2666+
Cg}odj @gpm
@md 7:# 7;;=
Bmodjngrh
T%V DOZ =66
E}o` Ngogamr
Ukog{ H}chgrok
4;
Argvjkdgc rmvrmtmopgpkio ie Rmp}rot ie J@ED Pgz Tgumr T/ O
Erin @gpm
OGU
PI @gpm
OGU
Rmp}ro Z *-+
Rmp}ro [ *-+
7
7)1)7;;;
1/25 46)65)266 6
7;/4
75=/:
44/74;6
2
7)1)2666
7;/1; 46)65)266 7
75/7
.7:/5
. 42/0645
4
7)1)2667
75/25 46)65)266 2
7;/67
75/;
5/7;17
0
7)1)2662
7;/20 46)65)266 4
20/51
2:/2
7=/47=7
=
7)1)2664
20/5 46)65)266 0
41/1=
=4/=
4:/;;:1
5
7)1)2660
4:/2: 46)65)266 =
1:/77
760
=2/7;15
1
7)1)266=
1;/27 46)65)266 5
77=/7;
0=/0
40/:6:7
:
7)1)2665
77=/: 46)65)266 1
7=5/=4
4=/2
06/=62;
;
7)1)2661
7=1/27 46)65)266 :
725/0=
.7;/5
. 77/1=40
76
7)1)266:
722/=4 46)65)266 : ;
705/14
7;/1
:/21;2
T]N
046/=
7:=/2:7 7
GUA
04/6=
7:/=2:7
Tp` @mu
Bmpg
==/;761
6/4652
Tjgrvm 6/5001
Prm{ oir 77 771/144 7 06
Kopmrvrmpgpkio< J@ED Pgz Tgumr jgt bmmo vmreirnkoa eir 76 {mgrt Gumrgam Rmp}ro Tpgo`gr` `mukgpkio
41/2; 56/5;
Bmpg
6/4=4
Tjgrvm
6/0;;
Prm{ oir
:=/:6;
4+ PG]R]T PGZ TJKMC@ *A+ Piv ie Eirn Bippin ie Eirn
Ivmo.Mo`m`
E}o` P{vm Koumtpnmop Vcgo
Ariqpj
Gttmp Tk|m *Rt dr+
24/26 *L}c.47.266;+
Nkokn}n Koumtpnmop
Rt/=66
Cg}odj @gpm
Ngr 47# 7;;5
Bmodjngrh
BTM 266
E}o` Ngogamr
Vrgtgoog Vgpjgh
07
T/ O
Erin @gpm
OGU
PI @gpm
7
7)1)7;;;
76/=5 46)65)2666
;/;4
.5
2=/05:;
2
7)1)2666
;/; 46)65)2667
5/57
.44/2
.4 .47/:007
4
7)1)2667
5/14 46)65)2662
:/5;
2;/2
;/0464
0
7)1)2662
; 46)65)2664
76/24
74/1
70/:;05
=
7)1)2664
76/44 46)65)2660
:/5
.75/1
4:/7041
5
7)1)2660
:/5; 46)65)266=
7;/67
77:/:
01/21=1
1
7)1)266=
7;/75 46)65)2665
7=/6=
.27/=
41/;710
:
7)1)2665
7=/71 46)65)2661
26/64
42
07/1;:4
;
7)1)2661
26/07 46)65)266:
22/00
;/;
.;/7=54
76
7) 7)1)266:
27/: 46)65)266;
25/27
26/2
1/20=:
T]N
705/0
7:7/7101
GUA
70/50
7: 7 :/7710
Tp` @mu
Bmpg
02/1744
OGU
Rmp}r oZ *-+
Tjgrvm 6/24=6
6/71::
Rmp}ro [ *-+
Prm{ oir 42/0;;;
Argvjkdgc rmvrmtmopgpkio ie Rmp}rot ie Pg}r}t Pgz Tjkmc`
Kopmrvrmpgpkio< Pg}r}t Pgz Tjkmc` jgt bmmo vmreirnkoa eir 76 {mgrt Gumrgam Rmp}ro
41/2; 02
Tpgo`gr` `mukgpkio
56/5;
Bmpg
6/4=4
Tjgrvm
6/0;;
Prm{ oir
:=/:6;
0+ DGOGRG RIBMDI MW]KP[ PGZ TGUMR *A+ Piv ie Eirn Bippin ie Eirn
Ivmo.Mo`m`
E}o` P{vm Koumtpnmop Vcgo
Ariqpj
Gttmp Tk|m *Rt dr+
=4/25 *L}c.47.266;+
Nkokn}n Koumtpnmop
Rt/=66
Cg}odj @gpm
Ngr 47# 7;;4
Bmodjngrh
BTM 766
E}o` Ngogamr
Gogo` Tjgj
T/O
Erin @gpm
OGU
PI @gpm
OGU
Rmp}ro Z *-+
Rmp}ro [ *-+
7
7)1)7;;;
4/1:446)65)2666
5/46;
55/:
44/=2;6
2
7)1)2666
5/=7=46)65)2667
4/4=:
.0:/=
.44/42:7
4
7)1)2667
4/42;46)65)2662
4/7;
.0/2
6/:652
0
7)1)2662
4/20;46)65)2664
4/215
6/:
;/;=24
=
7)1)2664
4/46146)65)2660
0/=47
41
06/5002
5
7)1)2660
0/=1246)65)266=
5/;45
=7/1
01/;612
1
7)1)266=
1/77546)65)2665
;/;:;
06/0
02/67;0
:
7)1)2665
76/6546)65)2661
7=/7;;
=7/;
07/7274
;
7)1)2661
7=/0=246)65)266:
74/4:
.74/0
.1/:200
04
76
7)1)266:
72/;:46)65)266;
Tp` @mu
71/74
42
1/04:1
T]N
270/=
7:2/2557
GUA
27/0=
7:/2255
Bmpg
45/274:
Tjgrvm
6/57:76/4;;6
Prm{ oir 24/415:
Argvjkdgc rmvrmtmopgpkio ie Rmp}rot ie Dgogrg Ribiddi Mw}kp{ Pgz Tgumr
Kopmrvrmpgpkio< Dgogrg Ribiddi Mw}kp{ Pgz Tgumr jgt bmmo Vmreirnkoa eir 76 {mgrt
Gumrgam Rmp}ro
27/0=
Tpgo`gr` `mukgpkio
45/27
Bmpg
6/57:7
Tjgrvm
6/4;;
Prm{ oir
24/415
=+ ]PK Mw}kp{ Pgz Tgukoat Vcgo *A+ Piv ie Eirn
N]P62=
Ivmo.Mo`m`
Bippin ie Eirn
00
E}o` P{vm Koumtpnmop Vcgo
Ariqpj
Gttmp Tk|m *Rt dr+
021/72 *L}c.47.266;+
Nkokn}n Koumtpnmop
Rt/=66
Cg}odj @gpm
@md 7=# 7;;;
Bmodjngrh
BTM Tmotkpkum Ko`mz
E}o` Ngogamr
Tqgpk H}chgrok
0=
T/O
Erin @gpm
OGU
PI @gpm
OGU
Rmp}ro Z *-+
Rmp}ro [ *-+
7
7)1)2666
5/014 46)65)266 7
5/2:
.4/66
70/20=;
2
7)1)2667
5/5=5 46)65)266 2
1/64
=/16
.2:/511=
4
7)1)2662
5/;72 46)65)266 4
:/:7
7:/06
.5/1547
0
7)1)2664
1/1=1 46)65)266 0
72/11
50/16
42 42/==06
=
7)1)2660
72/12= 46)65)266 =
7;/=2
=4/06
0; 0;/0040
5
7)1)266=
7;/206 46)65)266 5
2=/67
46/66
0: 0:/6577
1
7)1)2665
2=/:76 46)65)266 1
42/20
20/;6
41 41/;;70
:
7)1)2661
47/:=6 46)65)266 :
2;/:5
.5/26
.:/447;
;
7)1)266:
40/:56 46)65)266 ;
2;/=1
.7=/26
1/=26;
T]N
712/16
705/600 0
GUA
7;/7:::
75/2217
Tp` @mu 21/7070
Bmpg
Tjgrvm
6/=;06 6/00;6
Prm{ oir 26/=711 05
Argvjkdgc rmvrmtmopgpkio ie Rmp}rot ie ]PK Pgz Tgukoa Tdjmnm
Kopmrvrmpgpkio< ]PK Pgz Tgukoa Tdjmnm jgt bmmo vmreirnkoa Eir ; {mgrt Gumrgam Rmp}ro
7;/7::
Tpgo`gr` `mukgpkio
21/707
Bmpg
6/=;0
Tjgrvm
6/00; 01
Prm{ oir
26/=71
5+ CKD NE PGZ VCGO *A+ Piv ie Eirn Bippin ie Eirn
Ivmo.Mo`m`
E}o` P{vm Koumtpnmop Vcgo
Ariqpj
Gttmp Tk|m *Rt dr+
07/:5 *L}c.47.266;+
Nkokn}n Koumtpnmop
Rt/=66
Cg}odj @gpm
Lgo 67# 7;;1
Bmodjngrh
BTM Tmotkpkum Ko`mz
E}o` Ngogamr
Gtjktj H}ngr
Erin @gpm
OGU
PI @gpm
OGU
Rmp}ro Z Rmp}ro *-+ [ *-+
7
7)1) 7)1)26 2666 66 74/4 74/476 7646 46)6 )65) 5)26 266 6 7
5/17 5/176 6
.0;/5 0;/5 70/20 0/20=; =;
2
7)1) 7)1)26 2667 67 5/17 5/1764 646) 6)65 65)2 )266 66 2
1/=66
77/:
4
7)1) 7)1)26 2662 62 1/5= 1/5=74 746) 6)65 65)2 )266 66 4
:/170
74/; .5/1547
0
7)1) 7)1)26 2664 64 :/1: :/1::4 :46) 6)65 65)2 )266 66 74/21: 0
=7/7 42/==06
=
7)1) 7)1)26 2660 60 74/0 74/070 7046 46)6 )65) 5)26 266 6 71/47: =
2;/7 0;/0040
5
7)1) 7)1)2 266= 71/00 /00046) 046)6 65)2 5)266 27/=: 7/=:5 5
24/1 24/1 0:/65 :/6577 77
. 2:/511=
0:
5 1
7)1) 7)1)26 2665 65 27/5 27/524 2446 46)6 )65) 5)26 266 6 25/;55 1
20/1 41/;;70
:
7)1) 7)1)26 2661 61 21/7 21/76: 6:46 46)6 )65) 5)26 266 6 22/74= :
.7:/4 .:/447;
;
7)1) 7)1)26 266: 6: 22/2 22/200 0046 46)6 )65) 5)26 266 6 20/76; ;
Tp` @mu
:/0
1/=26;
T]N
;0/: 705/600 0
GUA
76/=444 75/2217
Bmpg
Tjgrvm
2;/2 2;/271 71= = 6/4= 6/4=41 41
Prm{ oir
6/72 6/726; 6;
;/;: ;/;:10 10
Argvjkdgc rmvrmtmopgpkio ie Rmp}rot ie CKD NE Pgz Vcgo
Kopmrvrmpgpkio< CKD NE Pgz Vcgo jgt bmmo vmreirnkoa eir ; {mgrt Gumrgam Rmp}ro
76/=44
Tpgo`gr` `mukgpkio
2;/271
Bmpg
6/4=41
Tjgrvm
6/726;
Prm{ oir
;/;:10
0;
1+ KDKDK Vr} Pgz Vcgo *A+ Piv ie Eirn Bippin ie Eirn
Ivmo.Mo`m`
E}o` P{vm Koumtpnmop Vcgo
Ariqpj
Gttmp Tk|m *Rt dr+
:65/40 *L}c.47.266;+
Nkokn}n Koumtpnmop
Rt/=66
Cg}odj @gpm
G}a 6;# 7;;;
Bmodjngrh
T%V DOZ Okep{
E}o` Ngogamr
Tgohgrgo Ogrmo ) Nrkogc Tkoaj
T/O
Erin @gpm
OGU
PI @gpm
OGU
Rmp}ro *-+
7
7)1)7;;;
76/66
46)65)2666
70/62
06/2
24/:1=6
2
7)1)2666
70/=7
46)65)2667
76/0
.2:/4
.2=/;6=4
4
7)1)2667
76/4:
46)65)2662
74/22
21/0
.0/=56:
0
7)1)2662
74/4=
46)65)2664
75/0=
24/2
5/7:::
=
7)1)2664
75/=;
46)65)2660
2=/7:
=7/:
44/7=50
5
7)1)2660
2=/00
46)65)266=
=4/24
76;/2
00/0=10
1
7)1)266=
=0/75
46)65)2665
14/72
4=/6
06/::74
:
7)1)2665
14/41
46)65)2661
;4/4:
21/4
4:/6764
;
7)1)2661
;4/22
46)65)266:
:4/52
.76/4
.5/0406
76
7)1)266:
:6/:7
46)65)266;
:=/;=
5/0
76/77;;
T]N
2:7/;
7=;/1:;2
GUA
2:/7;
7=/;1:;
B mp g
Tjgrvm
Prm{ oir
Tp` @mu
ZRmp}ro *-+
[
=6
41/200=
6/0=;:
6/=5:;
05/61;:
Argvjk Argv jkdg dgcc rm rmvr vrmt mtmo mopg pgpk pkio io ie Rmp} Rmp}ro rott ie KDKD KDKDKK Vr} Vr} Pgz Pgz Tgumr
Kopmrvrmpgpkio< KDKDK Vr} Pgz Tgumr jgt bmmo vmreirnkoa eir 76 e{mgrt Gumrgam Rmp}ro
2:/7;
Tpgo`gr` `mukgpkio
41/200
Bmpg
6/0=;:
Tjgrvm
6/=5:;
Prm{ oir
05/61:
Dinvgrktio go` Rgohkoa ie pjm E}o`t Bgtm` io Tjgrvm % Prm{.oir Nmgt}rmt
=7
Dgcd}cgpkio ie Tjgrvm!t Ko`mz< Nmgo Rmp}ro Rkth E}o` ognm
CKD NE
ermm
Rmp}ro
76/=444
1
Tp` @mu
Tjgrvm
2;/271=
6/726;
Rkth Vrmnk}n
4/=444
1 41/200=
KDKDK Vr}
2:/7;
1
6/=5:;
27/7;
2 ==/;761
J@ED
04/6=
1
6/5001
45/6=
TBK NGAO]N
7 56/5;41
41/2;
1
6/0;;
46/2;
4 21/7070
]PK Mw}kp{
7;/7:::
1
6/00;
72/7:::
DGOGRG RIBMDI
0 45/274:
27/0=
1
6/4;;
70/0=
= 02/1744
PG]R]T
70/50
1
Rgoh
6/71::
1/50
5
Dgcd}cgpkio ie Prm{ oir!t Ko`mz<
E}o`
Nmgo
Rkth
Rkth
Bmpg
Prm{ oir
Rgoh
ermm =2
ognm
Rmp}ro
R mp } ro
Vrmnk}n
CKD NE
76/=444
1
4/=444
6/4=41
;/;:10
1
KDKDK Vr}
2:/7;
1
27/7;
6/0=;:
05/61;:
4
J@ED
04/6=
1
45/6=
6/4652
771/1447
7
41/2;
1
46/2;
6/4=4
:=/:670
2
7;/7:::
1
72/7:::
6/=;0
26/=711
5
27/0=
1
70/0=
6/57:7
24/415:
=
70/50
1
1/50
6/24=
42/0;;;
0
TBK NGAO]N ]PK Mw}kp{ DGOGRG RIBMDI PG]R]T
Tdgppmrm` `kgargn eir pjm Nmgo % Tpgo`gr` `mukgpkio< Z.gzkt < Tpgo`gr` `mukgpkio
=4
[.gzkt < Nmgo Rmp}ro
Djgvpmr.0 =0
T}nngr{.Eko`koat % Diodc}tkiot T}aamtpkiot Bkbckiargvj{
EKO@KOAT % ==
DIODC]TKIOT
Eko`koat % Diodc}tkiot 7+ TBK Ngao}n Ngao}n Pgz Agko Agko Tdjmnm kt kt Akukoa Akukoa Jkaj Rkth Rkth Vrmnk}n Vrmnk}n 46/2; 46/2; pjgo pjgp pjgp ie CKD NE qkpj 4/=44 mumo bipj grm jgukoa tgnm Ngrhmp Rkth Bmpg/ Ti K diodc}`m pjgp TBK Ngao}n pgz agko kt vmreirnkoa bmppmr pjgo CKD NE pgz vcgo/ 2+ J@ED Pgz Tgumr kt akukoa akukoa jkaj gumrgam gumrgam rmp}ro ie
04-
go` gp ciq Tpgo`gr` Tpgo`gr` `mukgpkio `mukgpkio
==/;7 Jmrm K diodc}`m pjgp J@ED kt akukoa aii` gumrgam rmp}ro/ 4+ TBK Ngao}n Ngao}n Pgz Agko Agko Tdjmnm Tdjmnm aip 2o` % 4r` Rgoh qkpj rmtvmdp pi Prm{ oir go` Tjgrvm nmgt}rmt/ Ti TBK Ngao}n pgz agko kt bmppmr ko pjm dgtmt ie pqi nmgt}rmt uk|// Tjgrvm % Prm{oir 0+ Tmotkpkum ko`mz ir Bmpg Ie Dgogrg Ribmddi kt jkaj k/m 6/57:7/ =5
Ti kp }o`mraimt nirm ec}dp}gpkio pi pjm ngrhmp/
KDKDK Pgz vcgo kt vmreirnkoa bmppmr pjgo pjm CKD NE % Pg}r}t vcgot/
=1
T]AAMTPKIOT
T}aamtpkiot 7/ Gt J@ED pgz Tgu Tgumr go` TBK TBK ngao}n Pgz Pgz agko Tdjmnmt nmt jgt bmmo vmreirnkoa qmcc eir pjm vgtp 76 {mgrt ti kp kt bmppmr pi koumtp ko pjkt e}o`t 2/
Gt Pgz.tgukoa tdjmnmt ieemr pgz rmbgpmt# ]o`mr Tmd/:6*D+ ie pjm Kodinm Pgz Gdp# kp kt bmppmr pi koumtp ko pjm Pgz E}o`t# gt qm dgo amp aii` rmp}rot % gcti pgz mzmnvpkio/ =:
4/ Gt pjm tpidh tpidh ngrhmpt ngrhmpt grm ko pjm b}cckt b}ccktj j prmo` kp kt kt bmppmr bmppmr pi koumtp koumtp ko pjm e}o`t e}o`t qjkdj jgum Bmpg ugc}mt gbium 6/=/ 0/ Gumrg umrga am rmp} rmp}ro ro ie tmotm motmz z kt gri}o ri}o` ` 7:-# 7:-# tkod tkodmm kod kodmvp mvpkio kio/ Go` Go` pjm pjm vmreirngodm ie N}p}gc e}o`t kt n}dj gbium pjm tmotmz vmreirngodm/ Ti K t}aamtp mumr{bi`{ pi koumtp ko N}p}gc e}o`t/ =/ Gumrgam Gumrgam bgoh bgoh rgpmt grm gcti gcti gri}o` gri}o` :-/ Ti K t}aamtp t}aamtp pjm koumtpi koumtpirt rt pi koumtp koumtp ko N}p}gc E}o`t/
=;
BKBKCIARGVJ[
Bkbckiargvj{ Biiht Rmemrrm` GNEK N}p}gc E}o` Pmtpkoa Vriargn. –G qirh biih b{ Gttidkgpkio ie N}p}gc E}o`t ko Ko`kg
➢
KDEGK N}p}gc E}o` Pmzp Biih
➢
Rkajp go` Rmnm`kmt — –TMBK oipm io Koumtpir Arkmugodm„
56
Li}rogct ➢
Mdioinkd Pknmt
➢
Pknmt ie Ko`kg
➢
B}tkomtt Ckom
Ngag|komt ➢
B}tkomtt Qirc`
➢
B}tkomtt Gogc{tkt
➢
B}tkomtt Tpgo`gr`t
Qmbtkpmt ➢
qqq/gnek/din
➢
qqq/tbkne/din
➢
qqq/tmbk/din
➢
qqq/niom{diopric/din
➢
qqq/ugc}mrmtmgrdjiockom/din
57
