What are the major differences between Islamic economic systems and the conventional economic systems?
The fundamental differences between Islamic economic system and the conventional economic system are particularly in terms of riba, gharar, maisir and unlawful activities such as selling pork and alcohol. This basic difference has large implications on society and the nation. Based on this definition we can say that the conventional is a case that has been accepted and practiced in a society. Therefore, when connected to the economy, the conventional economic system may be described as an economic system that has been practiced widely in the society. Based on these purposes it may be described as a system is determined by human beings in a society that does not have an absolute standard, but is flexible and can change according to the provisions of the community. Because it is a human system is not fixed then it is certainly different from the Islam that has standard equipment that comes out of inspiration in all areas including the economy. In the history of the world, there is several conventional economic systems that is so influential among them: Capitalism
This system is called the free enterprise system. Under this system an individual's right to use and control of economic goods it receives. Prevent others from using the goods and decide how the goods are managed after his death. In this case, individuals are free to do anything with his property only the original activity does not interfere with the rights of others. Because a property right has allowed the community, the whole of these rights may be restricted by the action of the community. Competition is considered as momentum to produce an efficient operation. In general, competition in the capitalist system is a powerful force and allowed to run more freely than the system-econom s ystem-economic ic system to another.
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Special properties of this system are: It denies the values of faith, laws and moral character 1. Taking usury, money lending by financial institutions (bank and credit industry) to impose on riba (interest). 2. Economic factors are controlled by certain individuals or continuously owned by a group of people who are not identified by the system shares. 3. Investors large-bank investors have too much power over economic activities and so political. The deciding factor in the system of capitalism and Western democracy are mostly similar to investors. 4. Most of the goods and services produced under the system of capitalism has been charged not only with the t he benefits of usury, but also the charges of excessive advertising. 5. Capitalism has founded the elements of a monopoly, as is every investor's desire to control everything and eliminate all competition.
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Socialism
The principle of socialism is: Restoring the economic power of the capitalist group to lower group (peasants and workers) . Deliver all the natural resources and economic resources to the country to be distributed equally to the people. Under the system of socialism, state ownership of resources is limited to the use of land and capital on a large scale. Major industries are owned and controlled by the state, while many small businesses owned by individuals. Generally, individuals in a socialist state owned and controlled more wealth than individuals under the communist system, but very little compared with those of the individual under the system of capitalism. As in many industries under the socialist system is owned and operated by the state, the freedom of carrying out activities only in the work undertaken by the private sector. The workers are free to have a job, but once the opportunity to become a member and for-profit business is very small compared with the system of capitalism.
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Communism
Socialism is struggling to restore power to group lower economic and democratic medium. However, until by World War-2 (1940-1945) is less effective to achieve its goals. The proposed new approach to the use of force is known as communism. It is gaining popularity in the West after the failure of socialism in the French revolution, the theme of equality, freedom and brotherhood. Communist system was a radical socialist economic system and a political doctrine which was founded by Karl Marx. Through this system, all land, capital, whether natural or manmade, entirely in the hands of the country. People will receive revenue according to their needs, not according to their abilities. In 'The Communist Manifesto "Karl Marx said that the proletarian revolution would establish the reign of dictator dictator socialist workers. For that three things things are required: 1. Eliminate all private property rights 2. Eliminating the family unit 3. Eliminate all religion 4. Mixed Economy
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Policy differences between Islamic Economic System and Conventional
Basic difference between Islamic and conventional economics can be viewed from several angles: Sources
As an Addin that syumul, the source based on the absolute source of the Qur'an and the Sunnah. This absolute position of the source. Islam is a religion such as (Addin) is special compared to other religions invention. Al -Quran and al-Sunnah has touched us to practice the teachings of revelation is in all life, including the question muamalat. Muamalat basic things described in the revelation that involves instruction / encouragement and restriction. Instruction, such as eating and drinking needs to explain the claims of human rights, explanation of Allah's creation to be exploited by humans (Yasin verses 34-35. 72-73) (An-Nahl verses 5-8, 14, 80) shows that this nature is provided was to be developed by man as the Caliph of Allah (al-Baqarah, verse 30). Prohibitions of Allah such as usury (al-Baqarah, verse 275) pig business, gambling, liquor and other things such as trespassing humans function as the last caliph. Hence the reference to human resources in all the circumstances including the economy is complete. All this is leading to an axis that is balanced spiritual and physical development of humans based on faith. While conventional economics it is not derived or based on inspiration. It is thus born of the human mind can be changed at any time based on experience or new information. If there was a time taken from the inspiration, but the human mind process it according to their own tastes as the directions are not the opinions of mankind recognition takes into account the recognition of God. That is the difference between the source of inspiration to the source of the human mind or also known as the philosophy of the last free from the bonds of revelation. Therefore, even though research findings are similar, but derived from different sources. The same system will not produce different implications for the economic experts of Islam seeks to achieve al-Falah in the world and the hereafter, while the secular economists try to solve all crises that may arise without any consideration on the question of the divine and hereafter but the priorities are for convenience of people in the world only. 5
Life Direction:
The direction of the economy led to the concept of Islam al-Falah (success) in the world and the hereafter, but our economy in the secular for satisfaction only. Economic Economic man as khalifah khalifah of Islam put the earth in which all the materials in the earth and the sky is simplified for humans. Allah S.W.T says: “Dan ia memudahkan bagi kamu malam dan siang, matahari serta bulan dan bintang bintang dimudahkan dengan perintahNya untuk keperluan-keperluan kamu. Sesungguhnya yang demikian itu mengandungi tanda-tanda (yang membuktikan kebijaksanaan Allah) bagi kaum yang mahu memahaminya. Dan apa-apa jua yang dijadikan untuk kamu di bumi yang berlainan jenisnya (dimudahkan jua untuk kegunaan kamu). Sesungguhnya yang demikian itu mengandungi satu tanda bagi kaum yang mahu mengingati ni’mat Allah itu.” (Surah al-Nahl
ayat 12 – 12 – 13) 13) All this is intended to serve the God, either in connection with a specific question or prayer rituals are common. Humans are creatures that cannot be alone. Thus the question of ownership property is property owned by individuals and property rights are the rights of the public. As such, any violation or encroachment encroachment on the rights of others is a mistake.
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The concept of property as Wasilah:
In the real Islam is not a goal in life but is wasilah or intermediary for the r ealization of God's commandments. The real goal in life is like the word of God verse 162 of surah al An'am which means: Katakanlah: „Sesungguhnya sembahyangku dan ibadatku, hi dupku dan matiku, hanyalah utnuk Tuhan yang memelihara dan mentadbirkan sekali an alam” Order to realize God's peace will lead to real life. Every Muslim believes that Allah is the Creator who can give real peace is not real. For that purpose the property is not real li fe but is a delicious way to achieve peace in the world and life continues on to the hereafter. This contrasts with the secular as a goal that put the worldly who do not have to do with God and the afterlife at all. This is certainly contrary to Islam. To realize the goal of life li fe according to this secular trend they enact system-system according to their desire to satisfy the taste requirements of their material purposes only. As the secular system is based economy for profit without regard to any of the revelations, but they place the interests of certain individuals or interest group and individuals who oppress group weak and oppressed in the name of who he is strong in power (survival of the fittest). Which system is the concept of usury enacted. Riba is not new. It has long been practiced since time immemorial. Although the concept sale is seen with secular system but the Islamic system is based on good faith because because God (which connects connects the success success of the after life not like the secular system for the sake of mere worldly) without any form of cheating and provocation to selfinterest alone. Besides the activities carried out are not involved with things that damage the human functions such as sales of goods that are against Islamic law, such as alcohol, pork and others.
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Mudharabah system system is very practical to implement. In addition, it is not riba it also provides a fair distribution of profits to all investors or if the loss of each investor to bear the same losses. In Islam should not be allowed to fight for other people's wealth and clinched trying to reap profits through stock holdings and other persons harming the other party (the losing battle) as in the case of the secular organized exchanges. Because the Islamic system prioritizes investment activity that is healthy and has a noble purpose, the activities are not as healthy as gharar is prohibited. Gharar according to the language is unknown risks in the future. In terms of gharar purposes can be considered as any form of fraud is not significant in the first place, including gambling. One of the activities that are prohibited gharar is a dangerous speculation. Speculation is not the same as a high risk business. Speculation like this is actually the practice of gambling as the speculator to make profits in the loss of others. While the higher the risk is not involving loss to others, but the net gain from the efforts. And even if it is a loss by reason of ijtihad is wrong, then no other party would gain more over our losses and vice versa. Basic Rules In the Islamic Economic System
Since the Islamic economic system aims to please Allah alone is different from the conventional economic system, there are guidelines to make the economic system is organized, balanced and pleasing to God and fellow human beings pleasant. Property is the sole right of Allah S.W.T
This is a fundamental rule the Muslim akidah as the word of Allah S.W.T, which means “Katakanlah (wahai Muhammad): “Wahai Tuhan yang mempunyai kuasa pemerintahan! Engkaulah yang memberi kuasa pemerintahan kepada sesiapa yang Engkau kehendaki, dan Engkaulah yang mencabut kuasa pemerintahan dari sesiapa yang Engkau kehendaki”. Manusia sebagai khalifah dimuka bumi, maksud firman Allah: “Dan (ingatlah) ketika Tuhanmu berfirman kepada malaikat: “Sesungguhnya Aku hendak menjadikan seorang khalifah di bumi” bertanggungjawab untuk menggunakan dan membelanjakan membelanjakan apa sahaja yang dikurniakan oleh Allah swt di muka bumi mengikut perintah Allah swt
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“Dan belanjakanlah (pada jalan kebajikan) sebahagian sebahagian dari harta benda (pemberian Allah) yang dijadikannya kamu sebagai wakil untuk menguasainya”. Human freedom as the inheritors of the ideas contained in the practice of searching through the rules of investment approaches, the use of natural resources and efforts within the acceptable limits of Allah. Economic activity is a religious
Fundamental elements for a livelihood is work .Islam that we find emphasis in terms of work and urged people to work to produce maslahat world and the hereafter. God's Word says: “Apabila selesai sembahyang maka bertebaranlah di muka bumi dan carilah apa yang kamu hajati dari limpah kurnia Allah serta ingatlah Allah banyak-banyak supaya kamu berjaya (dunia dan akhirat)”. With these economic activities, including activities of a religious market. Umar al-Khattab said: "Not one of the people who come to me and then he died, the more I love than a purchase deal for my family with me. " Al-Qurtubiy in the exegesis of Surat al-row section 10 -12 business are described as Jihad. Know the Islamic law
Someone who wants to know about the question necessarily bermuamalat tenets, clean and unclean, and and meet the prescribed conditions. conditions. According to Imam Imam Nawawi, a person who deals in the economy at least to know the law akam h of birth is known by the public.
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Conclusion
Islamic economic system known as muamalat is a strong system for the clear revelation of God. But it becomes complicated, especially these days, because of the western way of life and education that ignores the most important aspects of human development is akidah for to blessing from Allah S.W.T.
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References 1. http://msmonline.net/seminar/?p=290
2. micro economic for STPM
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