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Highland Towers Tragedy
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Highland Towers Tragedy
Highland Towers Tragedy Report by: Muhammad Fizree Ashraf Jarni, Shaharrudin bin HJ Syahid, Gan Kent Loong, Yik Chee Mun and Mohamad Izmi Hasnan bin ...
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Muhammad Fizree Ashraf
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Vdm Kjhnemv dj{ fmknfmf vc {vcp nbbmfnjvmi~ vdm jii vjii h}nifneg pxclmkv{ jppxcqmf ne vdm dnii{ }evni j emw pcink~ n{ jppxcqmf%
6%
Kjhnemv dj{ fmknfmf vc dcif vjii h}nifneg fmqmicpbmev pxclmkv{ ecv ~mv kce{vx}kvmf pc{vpcemf }evni j fmkn{nce n{ bjfm% Wdnim pxclmkv{ }efmx kce{vx}kvnce bj~ hm kcevne}mf cei~ javmx vdm fmqmicpmx {}hbnv{ qmxnankjvnce ca {vjhninv~ jef {mk}xnv~ ca vdm cvdmx kce{}ivjev wnvdne j bcevd%
=%
Vdm Kjhnemv dj{ ji{c fnxmkvmf vdjv jii h}nifneg{ ca bcxm vdje = {vcxm~ dngd ne vdm dnii{ vc chvjne qmxnankjvnce axcb j z}jinanmf kce{}ivjev ne vdm 1 bcevd{ vc pxcqm vdm {vjhninv~ jef {jamv~ ca vdm h}nifneg nevmxncx%
1%
Aciicwneg vdm Kjhnemv fmkn{nce) {vjvm gcqmxebmev{ djqm vjome nbbmfnjvm jkvnce vc axmm|m jii jpjxvbmev h}nifneg ne vdm dnii{%
7%
J{ j xm{}iv vdm Fmp}v~ Pxnbm Bnen{vmx jeec}ekmf vdjv vdm Amfmxji gcqmxebmev wnii acxb}ijvm j pcink~ xmijvneg vc fmqmicpbmev ne vdm dngdijef{%
4%
Ne jffnvnce) vdm Meqnxcebmevji Nbpjkv J{{m{{bmev $MNJ. wnii hm xmz}nxmf acx je~ fmqmicpbmev pxclmkv ne vdm dngdijef{ hmacxm j fmkn{nce n{ xmefmxmf%
>%
[mqmxji mtn{vneg Jkv{ xmijvneg vc fmqmicpbmev pxclmkv{ ne vdm dngdijef{ n{ {jnf vc hm jbmefmf jef meacxkmf vc me{}xm vdjv {}kd vxjgmfnm{ wnii ecv xmk}x%
7yPjgm
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
8%=
Injhninv~ Vdm aciicwneg wmxm vdm anefneg{ ce injhninv~ h~ vdm Kc}xv<
:% Vdm Anx{v Fmamefjev wj{ Fmamefjev wj{ injhim ne emgingmekm acx< n%
Ecv megjgneg j z}jinanmf jxkdnvmkv?
nn%
Kce{vx}kvneg ne{}aanknmev jef nejfmz}jvm vmxxjkm{) xmvjneneg wjii{ jef fxjne{ ce vdm dnii{icpm wdnkd kc}if xmj{cejhi~ djqm hmme acxm{mme vc djqm kj}{mf vdm kciijp{m
nnn%
Fnqmxvneg vdm Mj{v [vxmjb axcb nv{ ejv}xji kc}x{m jef ajnineg vc me{}xm vdm pnpm k}iqmxv fnqmx{nce wj{ jfmz}jvm) jef ne e}n{jekm acx
ecv
bjnevjneneg
fxjne{
jef
xmvjneneg
wjii{%
8% Vdm [mkcef Fmamefjev $Jxkdnvmkv. wj{ $Jxkdnvmkv. wj{ injhim ne emgingmekm acx< n%
Ecv djqneg me{}xmf jfmz}jvm fxjnejgm jef xmvjneneg wjii{ wmxm h}niv ce vdm dnii {icpm{ jfljkmev vc vdm Dngdijef Vcwmx{ {nvm) wdnkd dm acxm{jw cx c}gdv vc djqm acxm{mme) wc}if pc{m j fjegmx vc vdm h}nifneg{ dm wj{ ne kdjxgm ca?
nn%
Ne ecv kcbpi~neg wnvd vdm xmz}nxmbmev{ ca vdm vdm j}vdcxnvnm{ ne xm{pmkv ca fxjnejgm) ne kcii}fneg wnvd vdm Anx{v Fmamefjev jef Vdnxf Fmamefjev $vdm Megnemmx. vc chvjne j Kmxvnankjvm ca Anvem{{ wnvdc}v a}ianiineg vdm kcefnvnce{ nbpc{mf h~ vdm Ac}xvd Fmamefjev $vdm Ickji J}vdcxnv~.) ne {c fcneg ecv kcbpi~neg wnvd dn{ f}vnm{ j{ Jxkdnvmkv) jef?
nnn%
Ne ecv neqm{vngjvneg vdm vmxxjkneg ca vdm vdm dnii {icpm{ jef kce{vx}kvnce ca xmvjneneg wjii{ mqme vdc}gd dm wj{ jwjxm vdm~ wc}if jaamkv vdm h}nifneg{ dm wj{ ne kdjxgm ca) jef ji{c ne e}n{jekm
4yPjgm
j{
dm
wj{
je
}exmj{cejhim
}{mx
ca
ijef%
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
;% Vdm Vdnxf Fmamefjev $Megnemmx. wj{ $Megnemmx. wj{ injhim ne emgingmekm acx< n%
Ecv djqneg djqneg vjome nevc jkkc}ev vdm dnii cx {icpm hmdnef vdm Vcwmx{?
nn%
Ecv
djqneg fm{ngemf
jef jef
kce{vx}kvmf kce{vx}kvmf
j
ac}efjvnce
vc
jkkcbbcfjvm vdm ijvmxji icjf{ ca j ijef{infm cx jivmxejvnqmi~ vc djqm me{}xmf vdjv vdm jfljkmev dnii {icpm{ wj{ {vjhim) acx ecv djqneg nbpimbmevmf vdjv jppxcqmf fxjnejgm {kdmbm? nnn%
Acx kcii}fneg wnvd vdm Anx{v jef [mkcef Fmamefjev{ vc chvjne j Kmxvnankjvm
ca
Anvem{{
wnvdc}v
a}ianiineg
vdm
kcefnvnce{ nbpc{mf h~ vdm Ac}xvd Fmamefjev jef ji{c ne e}n{jekm j{ dm wj{ je }exmj{cejhim }{mx ca ijef%
6% Vdm Ac}xvd Fmamefjev $Ickji J}vdcxnv~. jivdc}gd J}vdcxnv~. jivdc}gd emgingmev ne xm{pmkv ca nv{ f}vnm{ j{{cknjvmf wnvd h}nifneg% n%m% ne xm{pmkv ca jppxcqji ca h}nifneg pije{) vc me{}xm nbpimbmevjvnce ca vdm jppxcqmf fxjnejgm {~{vmb f}xneg kce{vx}kvnce) jef ne vdm n{{}m ca vdm Kmxvnankjvm ca Anvem{{) wj{ ecemvdmim{{ kceamxxmf nbb}env~ h~ xmj{ce ca {>=$8. ca vdm [vxmmv) Fxjnejgm jef H}nifneg Jkv% Vdm Ac}xvd Fmamefjev wj{ dcwmqmx ecv nbb}em ne xm{pmkv ca nv{ emgingmekm ne kjxx~neg c}v nv{ pc{v h}nifneg a}ekvnce{ ca bjnevjneneg vdm Mj{v [vxmjb% Vdn{ ji{c jvvxjkvmf injhninv~ ne e}n{jekm%
=% Vdm Anavd Fmamefjev $Jxjh"Bjij~{nje Anejekm Hdf. wj{ injhim ne emgingmekm ne ajnineg vc bjnevjne vdm fxjne{ ce nv{ ijef) jef ne vjoneg bmj{}xm{ vc xm{vcxm {vjhninv~ ce nv{ ijef javmx vdm kciijp{m%
1% Vdm [ntvd Fmamefjev $je jhcxvnqm p}xkdj{mx ca vdm Jxjh"Bjij~{nje Ijef wdc kjxxnmf c}v {nvm kimjxneg wcxo{. wj{ wcxo{. wj{ ecv ac}ef injhim ce vdm mqnfmekm%
>yPjgm
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
7% Vdm [mqmevd Fmamefjev $Bmvxci}t Pxcpmxvnm{ . jef nv{ Pxclmkv Bjejgmx) vdm Mngdvd Fmamefjev ) wdc wmxm injhim ne emgingmekm jef e}n{jekm acx pxmqmevneg wjvmx axcb aicwneg fcwednii $nevc vdmnx {nvm. jef ne{vmjf fnxmkvneg wjvmx nevc vdm Mj{v [vxmjb) wdme vdm~ oemw cx c}gdv vc djqm oecwe vdjv vdn{ wc}if nekxmj{m vdm qci}bm ca wjvmx jef nelmkv {niv) m{pmknjii~ wdmxm vdmxm wj{ mtvme{nqm kimjxneg ce vdmnx ijef) nevc vdm Mj{v [vxmjb wdmxm nv wc}if hm fmpc{nvmf) wdnkd wc}if ne v}xe $j{ pxcqmf. kj}{m cx kcevxnh}vm vc vdm ajni}xm ca vdm fxjnejgm {~{vmb jef kciijp{m ca Hicko :%
4% Vdm Enevd jef Vmevd Fmamefjev{ $m{{mevnjii~ vdm [vjvm Gcqmxebmev. wmxm ecv ac}ef injhim f}m vc j vmkdenkji n{{}m ne xm{pmkv ca vdm pjxvnk}ijx
:0 y P j g m
pjxv~
{}mf%
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
8%1
Jppinkjvnce ca Inem Fxjwneg Jeji~{n{ vc vdm Kj{m
Pxchimb< Hmacxm vdm kce{vx}kvnce ca vdm kcefcbnen}b wj{ nenvnjvmf) vdm fmamefjev{ bmevncemf ne {}hvcpnk Injhninv~ {dc}if fc vdm xm{mjxkd jef kce{nfmx ca wdjv wmxm gcneg vc djppme vc vdm meqnxcebmev) vc vdm d}bje jef vdm jenbji{ na vdm~ wmxm gcneg vc pxckmmf wnvd vdm kce{vx}kvnce ca vdm kcefcbnen}b%
Inem fxjwneg djf hmme }{neg ne vdn{ jeji~{n{) jv cem mef n{ pijkmf j ’pc{nvnqm pjxjfngb‒ wdnkd nefnkjvm{ vdjv vdm pcnev{ jxm bcxjii~ jkkmpvjhim% Jv vdm cvdmx mef n{ ’emgjvnqm pjxjfngb‒ wdnkd nefnkjvm{ vdm pcnev{ jxm ecv bcxjii~ jkkmpvjhim<
n%
Pc{nvnqm pjxjfngb " ’vdm kcefcbnen}b {dc}if hm h}niv j{ pijeemf%‒
nn%
Emgjvnqm pjxjfngb " ’ecv vc h}nif vdm kcefcbnen}b acx vdm {jamv~ xmj{ce%‒
Javmx wm fnf xm{mjxkd jhc}v vdn{ kj{m) wm djqm ac}ef {mqmxji jkvnce{ vdjv vdm fmqmicpmx {dc}if kce{nfmxjvm hmacxm vdm kce{vx}kvnce ca vdm kcefcbnen}b n{ jppxcqmf jef nenvnjvmf%
:% Kce{vx}kvneg vdm kcefcbnen}b kje jkkcbbcfjvm jkkcbbcfjvm vdm dngd fmbjef ce vdm dc}{neg bjxomv% 8% Kce{vx}kvnce ca vdm kcefcbnen}b kcefcbnen}b ce vdm dnii hmemanv vdm xm{nfmev{ xm{nfmev{ wnvd vdm gxmjv qnmw ca O}jij I}bp}x vdm~ v dm~ kje gmv ;% Kimjxneg vdm gxc}ef"kcqmxneg gxc}ef"kcqmxneg pijevjvnce bjom{ wj~ acx vdm kce{vx}kvnce kce{vx}kvnce h}v nv kje fm{vxc~ vdm jenbji{„ djhnvjv jef fjbjgm vdm xjne kjvkdbmev jxmj)
mtpc{neg vdm {cni vc jh{cxh mtkm{{nqm mtkm{{nqm wjvmx f}xneg vdm xjne jef imf vc mxc{nce% mxc{nce % 6% K}vvneg vdm {icpm mejhim{ mejhim{ vdm fmqmicpmx vc h}nif vdm wjii wjii vc {}ppcxv vdm ijef acxb h}v nv kje wmjome vdm ijef {vx}kv}xm% =% Fnqmxvneg wjvmx {vxmjb axcb vdm mtn{vmf xc}vm aicw jiicw{ vdm fmqmicpmx vc kce{vx}kv j emw pijvacxb imqmi h}v nv kje wmjome vdm xmvjneneg wjii na vdm fnqmxvmf wjvmx {vxmjb n{ fjbjgmf vdjv kje kj}{m ijef {inppjgm% 1% Aijvvmeneg vdm dnii{nfm ijef ijef vc bjom nv j{ kcefcbnen}b kcefcbnen}b hj{m hj{m kje fjbjgm vdm {vjhninv~ ca vdm ijef%
:: y P j g m
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
Wnvd vdm pxchimb jffmf vc vdm inem<
Emgjvnqm pjxjfngb $EP.
Pc{nvnqm pjxjfngb
$PP.
P; 6
1
=
Ecv vc h}nif vdm kcefcbnen}b
:
8 H}nif vdm kcefcbnen}b
Kceki}{nce< Jkkcxfneg vc vdm inem"fxjwneg jeji~{n{ jhcqm) wm kje kceki}fm vdjv vdm fmqmicpmx {dc}if ecv h}nif vdm kcefcbnen}b jef kce{vx}kvneg vdm kcefcbnen}b wj{ vdm wcx{v mvdnkji kdcnkm hmkj}{m nv fjbjgmf vdm meqnxcebmev) djxbmf vdm jenbji{„
inam jef mefjegmxmf vdm inam ca d}bje"hmneg%
Jppinkjvnce ca Aicw Kdjxvneg vc vdm Kj{m
Acx vdn{ kj{m vdm aicw kdjxv fmji{ wnvd vdm fmkn{nce"bjoneg pxckm{{ vdjv bngdv djqm gcem j{ vdm fmknfmf wdmvdmx cx ecv vc h}nif vc h}nif vdm Dngdijef Vcwmx{ kcefcbnen}b%
:8 y P j g m
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
Fmqmicpmx wjev{ vc h}nif j dngdijef vcwmx
Fc h}nifneg h}niv jkkcxfneg vc {pmknankjvnce{ jef {vjefjxf{3
^m{
Fm{nge jkkcxfneg {pmknankjvnce
Ec
Jxm cxgjen|jvnce{ jppcnevmf bmmv vdm kxnvmxnj vdjv jxm jppxcpxnjvm vc vdmnx lch3
^m{
Fm{nge h}nifneg{ jkkcxfneg vc vdmnx {onii{
Ec
N{ vdm {cni {vx}kv}xm {jam acx kce{vx}kvnce3
^m{
H}nif vdm h}nifneg jkkcxfneg vdm {jamv~
Ec
:; y P j g m
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
Fcm{ {vx}kv}xm ca mbhjeobmev bjfm kje me{}xm vdm {jamv~3
^m{
H}nif vdm h}nifneg jkkcxfneg {jamv~
Ec
N{ mqmx~ {jamv~ n{{}m acxm {mme jef jhim vc {ciqm3
Ec Ecv vc h}nif vdm kcefcbnen}b
:6 y P j g m
^m{
H}nif vdm h}nifneg
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
FN[K][[NCE
;%:
Mvdnkji Kcfm{ :% ]vninvjxnjen{b Vdn{ vdmcx~ {mmo vc pxcf}km vdm bc{v }vninv~) fmanemf j{ j hjijekm hmvwmme gccf jef hjf kce{mz}mekm{ ca je jkvnce) vjoneg jkkc}ev vdm kce{mz}mekm{ acx mqmx~cem jaamkvmf% [c) vdn{ vdmcx~ n{ {}nvjhim acx fn{k}{{neg wnvd vdm kciijp{m ca vdm dngdijef vcwmx kj{m% J{ vdm pcp}ijvnce nekxmj{neg ne Bjij~{nj) vdn{ imjf vc vdm dngd fmbjef{ ca dc}{m inqneg% i nqneg% Vdmxmacxm) bje~ ijef{ jxm }{m vc h}nif dc}{m{ inom vmxxjkm dc}{m) aijv dc}{m) hjegim jef mvk% Wnvd vdm }e{}nvjhim vcpcicg~ jxmj ca dnii{) gmcicg~) jef }e{vjhim {cni"{jef bnt v~pm vdjv kcevxnh}vm vc ijef{infm) vdn{ n{ cem ca vdm bjne kj}{m{ ca vxjgmf~% Dmjq~ xjne acxkmf wjvmx vc {mmp nevc dnii {cni) vdme kj}{m aiccf ca b}f vdjv kxjkomf vdm xcjf{ jxc}ef vdm kcefc% [}xajkm wjvmx cqmxaicw mxcfmf vdm {cni ce vdm {icpm% Dmekm vdm {cni {vx}kv}xm hmkcbm }e{vjhim jef xm{}ivmf {inppjgm jef ijef{infm% ]vninvjxnjen{b dcif{ vdjv vdc{m jkvnce{ jxm gccf vdjv {mxqm vc bjtnbn|m d}bje wmii"hmneg) nv vxnm{ vc hjijekm vdm emmf{ ca {cknmv~ wnvd vdm emmf{ ca nefnqnf}ji) wnvd mbpdj{n{ ce wdjv wnii pxcqnfm vdm bc{v hmemanv vc vdm pcp}ijvnce% H}v) vdm }e{~{vmbjvnk fxjnejgm {~{vmb wj{ h}nif jxc}ef vdm dngdijef vcwmx n{ jecvdmx kj}{m{ ca vxjgmf~% vx jgmf~% Vdm kcevxjkvcx emqmx kdmko{ ne fmvjni{ wnvd vdm ijef{kjpm jxmj% Jivdc}gd vdm kce{vx}kvnce ca dngdijef vcwmx wnii imjf vdm bc{v gccf acx vdm pcp}ijvnce) vdm kce{vx}kvnce fm{nge b}{v hm wmii fm{ngemf% Jecvdmx kj}{m n{ vdm fm{nge bn{vjom{ ca kcekxmvm wjii jv vdm hjko ca Hicko : ca vdm vcwmx% [c) vdn{ imjf vdm {}ppcxvneg wjii ce vdm axcev jef xmjx ca vdm h}nifneg kciijp{mf jef imv vdm {inppjgm ckk}xxmf jef vdm dngdijef vcwmx kciijp{mf ce nv{ {nfm%
:= y P j g m
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
8% F}v~ mvdnk{ Vdn{ jxm f}vnm{ vdjv {dc}if hm pmxacxbmf $vdm f}v~ vc vxmjv cvdmx{ ajnxi~ cx vdm f}v~ ecv vc nel}xm cvdmx{.% F}v~ mvdnk{ jxm vdc{m jkvnce{ vdjv kc}if hm wxnvvme fcwe ce j in{v ca f}vnm{< hm dcem{v) fce„v kj}{m {}aamxneg vc cvdmx pmcpim) h m ajnx
vc cvdmx{) mvk% Nekce{n{vmek~ hmvwmme vdm Ijef Kce{mxqjvnce Jkv wnvd vdm Meqnxcebmev Z}jinv~ Jkv :>76% Hm{nfm{ vdjv) vdm h}nifneg jpjxvbmev ce vdm dnii{nfm n{ ji{c jgjne{v wnvd vdm Ijef Kce{mxqjvnce Jkv :>10% Vdm Jkv pxcdnhnv{ vdm fmqmicpbmev kjxxnmf c}v ce vdm dnii{nfm{ wnvd {icpm{ gxmjvmx vdje :4 fmgxmm acx xmj{ce{ kceemkvmf vc vdm meqnxcebmev% Wnvd vdc{m {vjvmbmev{ {vjvm jhcqm) nv n{ jaamkv#nel}xm cvdmx pmcpim
;%8
Kcfm{ ca Mvdnk{ Kcfm ca Pxcam{{nceji Kcef}kv $HMB. :% J Xmgn{vmxmf Megnemmx Megnemmx {djii jv jii vnbm{ dcif pjxjbc}ev pjxjbc}ev vdm {jamv~) {jamv~) dmjivd jef wmiajxm ca vdm p}hink% Wdme vdm pxcam{{nceji jfqnkm ca j Pxcam{{nceji Megnemmx n{ cqmxx}imf jef jbmefmf kcevxjx~ vc dn{ jfqnkm) vdm Pxcam{{nceji Megnemmx {djii) na vdm jbmefbmev bj~ ne dn{ cpnence gnqm xn{m vc {nv}jvnce vdjv bj~ mefjegmx inam jef#cx pxcpmxv~) ecvna~ dn{ mbpic~mx cx kinmev jef {}kd cvdmx j}vdcxnv~ j{ bj~ hm jppxcpxnjvm jef mtpijne vdm kce{mz}mekm{ vc hm mtpmkvmf j{ j xm{}iv ca dn{ jfqnkm hmneg cqmxx}imf jef jbmefmf% Acx vdm [mkcef Fmamefjev $Jxkdnvmkv. fnf ecv djqneg me{}xmf jfmz}jvm fxjnejgm jef xmvjneneg wjii{ wmxm h}niv ce vdm dnii {icpm{ jfljkmev vc vdm Dngdijef Vcwmx{ {nvm) wdnkd dm acxm{jw cx c}gdv vc djqm acxm{mme) wc}if pc{m j fjegmx vc vdm h}nifneg{ dm wj{ ne kdjxgm ca% Bcxmcqmx) vdm Jxkdnvmkv fnf ecv ji{c neqm{vngjvneg vdm vmxxjkneg ca vdm dnii {icpm{ jef kce{vx}kvnce ca xmvjneneg wjii{ mqme vdc}gd dm wj{ jwjxm vdm~ wc}if jaamkv vdm h}nifneg{ dm wj{ ne kdjxgm ca) jef ji{c ne e}n{jekm j{ dm wj{ je }exmj{cejhim }{mx ca ijef%
:1 y P j g m
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
Acx vdm vdnxf fmamefjev $Megnemmx.) vdm megnemmx fnf ecv djqneg vjome nevc jkkc}ev vdm dnii cx {icpm hmdnef vdm Vcwmx{) ecv djqneg nbpimbmevmf vdjv jppxcqmf fxjnejgm {kdmbm% A}xvdmxbcxm) vdm megnemmx{ fnf ecv fm{nge jef kce{vx}kvmf j ac}efjvnce vc jkkcbbcfjvm vdm ijvmxji icjf{ ca j ijef{infm cx jivmxejvnqmi~ vc djqm me{}xmf vdjv jfljkmev dnii {icpm{ wj{ {vjhim%
=%0
J Xmgn{vmxmf Megnemmx {djii kcef}kv dnb{mia dcec}xjhi~) xm{pce{nhi~) mvdnkjii~ jef ijwa}ii~ {c j{ vc medjekm vdm dcec}x) xmp}vjvnce jef }{ma}iem{{ ca vdm pxcam{{nce% Acx vdm {mkcef fmamefjev ca vdm kj{m $Jxkdnvmkv.) j Xmgn{vmxmf Megnemmx {djii kdmko wnvd f}m fningmekm vdm jkk}xjk~ ca ajkv{ jef fjvj hmacxm dm {nge{ cx mefcx{m{ je~ {vjvmbmev cx kijnb% Dm {djii ecv {nge ce {}kd fck}bmev{ }eim{{) wdmxm emkm{{jx~) z}jinankjvnce{ ce mxxcx{ jef nejkk}xjknm{ djqm hmme bjfm% Jxkdnvmkv fnf ecv kcbpi~neg wnvd vdm xmz}nxmbmev{ ca vdm j}vdcxnvnm{ ne xm{pmkv ca fxjnejgm) ne kcii}fneg wnvd vdm Fmqmicpmx jef vdm Megnemmx vc chvjne j Kmxvnankjvm ca Anvem{{ wnvdc}v a}ianiineg vdm kcefnvnce{ nbpc{mf h~ vdm Ickji J}vdcxnv~) ne {c fcneg ecv kcbpi~neg wnvd dn{ f}vnm{ j{ Jxkdnvmkv% Hm{nfm{) vdm Megnemmx kcii}fneg wnvd vdm Jxkdnvmkv vc chvjne j Kmxvnankjvm ca Anvem{{ wnvdc}v a}ianiineg vdm kcefnvnce{ nbpc{mf h~ vdm ickji J}vdcxnv~ jef ji{c ne e}n{jekm j{ dm wj{ je }exmj{cejhim }{mx ca ijef%
:7 y P j g m
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
;%;
Hcjxf ca Megnemmx Bjij~{nj $HMB. Kc}xv J Vmkdenkji Kcbbnvvmm wj{ acxbmf vc neqm{vngjvm vdm vxjgmf~ jef imjf h~ Fx Eno Dj{{je Eno Xjbije% Javmx vdm neqm{vngjvnce anen{dmf) vdm kcbbnvvmm kjbm }p wnvd j xm{}iv vdjv v djv kceki}fmf<
:% Xmvjneneg wjii{ wmxm kce{vx}kvmf ne j djpdj|jxfc}{ djpdj|jxfc}{ bjeemx? bjeemx? {cbm wmxm ickjvmf ce vdm Dngdijef Vcwmx{ [nvm wnvd vdm xm{v ne vdm Jxjh Bjij~{nje Ijef? 8% Jii fxjnejgm jef gmc"vmkdenkji gmc"vmkdenkji mtpmxv{ wdc vm{vnanmf ne vdn{ kj{m jgxmm vdjv vdm aicw xmgnbm ca vdm Mj{v [vxmjb nevc vdm pnpm k}iqmxv x}eeneg jkxc{{ vdm dnii n{ dngdi~ }efm{nxjhim jef fjegmxc}{%
F}m vc vdm vmkdenkji kcbbnvvmm xm{}iv) Nx% Wceg ^}me Omje wj{ kjiimf vc j dmjxneg h~ Vdm Hcjxf ca Megnemmx{ Bjij~{nj $HMB. acx dn{ neqciqmbmev ne Vdm Dngdijef Vcwmx„{ kciijp{m% Jv vdm dmjxneg< $n.
HMB ac}ef Nx% Wceg g}niv~ ce vdm gxc}ef{ vdjv dm< j. Fnf ecv fn{p}vm vdjv vdjv dm wj{ xm{pce{nhim acx vdm fxjnejgm fxjnejgm fm{nge? h. Jfbnvvmf vdjv vdm vdm wdcim fxjnejgm fxjnejgm {~{vmb {~{vmb wj{ ecv kcbpimvm? k. Djf j{{n{vmf#jfqn{mf j{{n{vmf#jfqn{mf vdm Bjlin{ Fjmxjd Gcbhjo ne vdm jppinkjvnce acx KAC j{ vdm fxjnejgm {~{vmb wj{ je nevmgxji pjxv ca vdm pxclmkv? jef f. Djf ajnimf vc mtmxkn{m mtmxkn{m f}m kjxm kjxm vdjv vdm {icpm wj{ xmj{cejhi~ {vjhim%
$nn.
Ne bnvngjvnce) Nx% Wceg pimjfmf vdjv< j. Axcb vdm kcbpimvnce ca vdm vcwmx{ vcwmx{ vc vdm kciijp{m) cvdmx{ bj~ djqm djqm kce{vx}kvmf wjii{ wdnkd bjfm vdm {icpm {vmmpmx) kj}{neg nv{ kciijp{m? h. Dm djf ec pxmqnc}{ kdjxgm{ jgjne{v dnb? k. Jpjxv axcb vdm Dngdijef Dngdijef Vcwmx{) dm djf jv jii jii bjvmxnji vnbm kcef}kvmf dn{ pxcam{{nceji f}v~ hj{mf ce dn{ l}fgbmev jef djf emqmx nevmefmf vc kcbpxcbn{m ce {jamv~? f. Dm wj{ ecv vdm {cim pmx{ce xm{pce{nhim xm{pce{nhim acx vdm kciijp{m kciijp{m ca vdm Vcwmx{? vdm kc}xv djf fmknfmf vdjv dm wj{ cei~ :0- injhim acx nv?
:4 y P j g m
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
m. Vdm Hcjxf kce{nfmx{ kce{nfmx{ vdm iceg {vcp injhninv~ j{ javmx {cbm {cbm vnbm cvdmx{ bj~ kdjegm vdm {}xxc}efneg ca j h}nifneg? jef a. Kjekmiijvnce ca xmgn{vxjvnce xmgn{vxjvnce n{ vcc {mqmxm {mqmxm jef djx{d% Ne vdm mef ca vdm dmjxneg) HMB djqm kceki}fmf vdjv< j. Nx% Wceg„{ bn{kcef}kv {dcwmf vdjv dm djf ec xmgjxf acx p}hink {jamv~) wdnkd xm{}ivmf ne vdm fmjvd ca 64 pmcpim) vd}{ kcevxjqmeneg X}im 81 ca vdm Xmgn{vxjvnce ca Megnemmx{ X}im{ :>78? jef h. Kjekmiimf dn{ xmgn{vxjvnce }efmx [mkvnce := ca vdm Xmgn{vxjvnce ca Megnemmx{ Jkv :>17%
:> y P j g m
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
KCEKI][NCE
Dngdijef Vcwmx vxjgmf~ emmf vc hm vjome fmmp im{{ce{ vc jii pjxvnm{ vdjv neqciqm{ ne xmvjneneg vdm meqnxcebmev% Nv n{ ecv f}m vc icw }vnin|jvnce ca {knmekm jef vmkdecicg~) h}v vdm jvvnv}fm{ ca pmcpim wdc xmi~ ce mtvxmbm {knmekm jef vmkdecicg~ jef acxgcv xmbmbhxjekm ca vdm kxmjvcx vdjv wm kjeecv jgjne{v vdm ejv}xji ijw% Wm kjeecv {nbpi~ djxb vdm meqnxcebmev acx c}x cwe nbpcxvjev% Nv n{ ji{c pnkv}xm j d}bje ajni}xm ne bjejgneg vdm fmqmicpbmev ne djxbce~ pjxjiimi wnvd vdm meqnxcebmev% Dngd"xn{m h}nifneg kce{vx}kvnce{ jxm {}ppc{mf ecv vc emgimkv vdm ijw xmg}ijvnce jef ji{c jqcnf d}bje gxmmf~ ca pxcanv vdjv cei~ hmemanv{ kmxvjne pjxvnm{% Nv jkv}jii~ xmaimkv{ vdm jppxmknjvnce ca c}x Meqnxcebmevji Mvdnk{ qmx~ wmjo jbceg vdm knvn|me{ ca Bjij~{nj jef {dc}if hm nbpxcqmf% Jii b}{v pij~ vdmnx xcim {c vdjv vdn{ hijko vxjgmf~ wnii ecv xmckk}x% Ne jffnvnce vdm{m pdmecbmej pnkv}xm c}x kc}evx~ vc vdm c}v{nfmx jef ca kc}x{m wnii xmaimkv hjf nbpxm{{nce vc c}x ejvnce% Nv wnii xmf}km vdm h}{nem{{ nevmxm{v axcb c}v{nfmx vdjv kj}{m{ mkcecb~ fmkxmj{m jef nefnxmkvi~ xmf}km kxmfnhninv~ ca c}x kc}evx~%
80 y P j g m
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
JPPMEFNT
Ang}xm 7< Bcfmi ca vdm Hicko : Hmacxm Kciijp{mf
Ang}xm 4< Dngdijef Vcwmx{ Vxjgmf~ ne Emw{pjpmx
8: y P j g m
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
Ang}xm >< Dngdijef Vcwmx{ Vxjgmf~ axcb vdm vcp qnmw
Ang}xm :0< Vdm anx{v {}xqnqcx ca vdm Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~) E}x Djbnfjd Ejlnh 88 y P j g m
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
Ang}xm ::< Dn{vcx~ Kdjeemi pxcf}km{ j {pmknji fck}bmevjx~ kcevjnemf vdm }e{mme accvjgm axcb Bjij~{nje Anxm [mxqnkm jef Vdm Axmekd Xm{k}m Vmjb
Ang}xm :8< Hicko Vwc jef Hicko Vdxmm
8; y P j g m
]enqmx{nvn Vmoenoji Bjij~{nj Bmijoj y Kj{m [v}f~ Ce Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~
XMAMXMEKM Lc}xeji :% Vdm Ne{vnv}vnce Ne{vnv}vnce a Megnemmx{) Bjij~{nj) Bnxn Hxjekd $NMB. " Megnemmx{„ Emw{imvvmx $N{{}m $N{{}m 8007 Ec% 8 $;0vd L}em 8007..% 8007..%
8% Hcjxf ca Megnemmx Megnemmx Bjij~{nj $HMB. ‛ Negmenm}x $FMK 8004 " AMH 800>.%
;% Vdm Dngdijef Vcwmx Vxjgmf~) Vxjgmf~) Inb Onv [njeg 6% Im{{ce{ Imjxemf Axcb Dngdijef Dngdijef Vcwmx{) B}xgje F% Bjenjb) Pmegjxjd ]efjeg"]efjeg) Bjlin{ Pmxhjefjxje P}ij} Pnejeg%
Wmh{nvm :% dvvp<##bjqxo~pxclmkvpdcvc%hicg{pcv%kcb#8001#08#dngdijef"vcwmx"kciijp{m%dvbi
8% dvvp<##wcxifn{j{vmx%wcxfpxm{{%kcb#80:8#08#:7#dngdijef"vcwmx{"kciijp{m"::" fmkmbhmx":>>;#
;% dvvp<##ijef{infm{"gnh%hicg{pcv%kcb#8004#:8#bjij~{nj"dnii{nfm"fmqmicpbmev{" hjeemf%dvbi
6% dvvp<##www%vx}moecwimfgm%kcb#z#ajkv{Sjhc}vSSdngdijefSvcwmx{Skciijp{m
=% dvvp<##www%np{cajkvcl%kcb#dngdkc}xv#800:#Pjxv6#dkv800:$6."00>%dvb
1% dvvp<##me%wnonpmfnj%cxg#wnon#DngdijefSVcwmx{Skciijp{m
7% dvvp<##bjqxo~pxclmkvpdcvc%hicg{pcv%kcb#8001#08#dngdijef"vcwmx"kciijp{m%dvbi
4% dvvp<##www%dhj%cxg%b~#jxkdnqm#ack}{#DV#:>>;#:8":4VDFMK%dvb
86 y P j g m
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