hydraulic solar tracking system

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Chandkheda, Ahmedabad Affiliated

Parul Institute of Technology Project Report on HYDRAULIC SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM Under subject of FINAL YEAR PROJECT (UDP)

B. E. IV, Semester – Semester – VII VII Mechanical Engineering Engineering Submitted by Group: Sr. 1 2 3 4

Name of student Ashish Panjabi Gaurang Maradiya Mehul Panchal Divyesh Mandaviya

Enrolment No. 130870119093 130870119069 130870119 069 130870119087 130870119 087 130870119066

Prof. Kinjal Suthar (Faculty Guide) Prof. Snehal Trivedi (Head of the Department)

Academic year 2016-17

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Parul Institute of Technology CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation and entitled “Hydraulic Solar Tracking System has been carried carried out by Ashish Panjabi,Gaurang Panjabi,Gaurang Maradiya,Mehul Mara diya,Mehul Panchal, Panchal , ”

Divyesh Mandaviya under my guidance in partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering (7-Semester) of Gujarat Technological University, University, Ahmadabad Ah madabad during the academic academic year 2016-2017.

Guide: -

Head of Department:-

Prof. Kinjal suthar

Prof. Snehal Trivedi Trived i

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Parul Institute of Technology CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation and entitled “Hydraulic Solar Tracking System has been carried carried out by Ashish Panjabi,Gaurang Panjabi,Gaurang Maradiya,Mehul Mara diya,Mehul Panchal, Panchal , ”

Divyesh Mandaviya under my guidance in partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering (7-Semester) of Gujarat Technological University, University, Ahmadabad Ah madabad during the academic academic year 2016-2017.

Guide: -

Head of Department:-

Prof. Kinjal suthar

Prof. Snehal Trivedi Trived i

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Acknowledgement It is indeed a great pleasure to express my thanks and gratitude to all those who helped me. And to all other people who directly d irectly or indirectly supported and help me to fulfill m y task.

I am very thankful to my guide Prof. Kinjal Suthar the person who makes me to follow the right steps during a project. p roject. I express my m y deep sense of gratitude to for his guidance, suggestions and expertise at every stage. Apart from that his valuable and expertise suggestion during documentation of my report indeed help me a lot.

Thanks to my friend and colleague who have been a source of inspiration and motivation that helped to me during my project work. I would heartily thankful to head of the department Prof. Snehal Trivedi to give me an opportunity to work over this project and for their end -less and great support.

And at last but not least, I would be grateful towards my parents and friends who had supported a lot and provided inspiration and motivation to go ahead in this proje

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ABSTRACT

In this project work, we have invented Hydraulic solar tracking system which will utilize mechanical energies. At present, solar tracking system use electrical energy provided b y external supply or same solar panel for tracking operation. So efficiency of present system is less and maintenance cost of present system is high. Whereas hydraulic solar tracking system will consume no energy and less maintenance cost for long time. Therefore, our invented system will be far more better than present system because through this invented system we can get maximum efficiency of solar panel mean that we can get maximum power generation. .

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INDEX 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Project Overview Aim & Objective Problem Specifications Literature Review Plan Of Work Materials / Tools required

2 CANVAS ACTIVITY 2.1 AEIOU Summary 2.2 Empathy Mapping Canvas 2.3 Ideation Canvas 2.4 Product Development Canvas

3 IMPLEMENTION 3.1 Methodology 3.2 Design 3.3 Working 3.4 Assembly

4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE 4.1 Conclusion 4.2 Future Scope 4.3 Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitation 4.4 Refernces

5 APPENDIX Project Progress Reports (PPR) Patent Search Database Used

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Introduction 1.1 Project Over View Solar Energy Energy from the sun travels to the earth in the form of electromagnetic radiation similar to radio waves, but in a different frequency range called solar energy. Solar power is the conversion of received solar radiation into usable energy. It is a process that consists of harnessing the sun's present emissions of heat or light. This heat and light are the effects of the sun's constant nuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei. The process of fusion produces helium nuclei as well as large amounts of energy. Available solar energy is often expressed in units of energy per time per unit area, such as watts per square meter (W/m2). The amount of energy available from the sun outside the earth’s atmosphere is approximately 1367 W/m2. Some of the solar energy is absorbed as it passes through the Earth’s atmosphere. As a result, on a clear day the amount of solar energy available at the Earth’s surface in the direction of the sun is typically 1000 W/m2. The level of solar radiation a region receives depends on latitude and local weather conditions.

Solar Tracking Solar tracking is the process of varying the angle of solar panels, to take advantage of the full amount of the sun`s energy. In remote places sun is the cheap source of electricity. The output from solar panel depends on the intensity of sunlight falling on it and also on the angle of incidence. It means to get maximum efficiency; the solar panel must remain in front of sun during the whole day. But due the rotation of earth the pan el can’t maintain their position always in front of sun. Thus to get maximum and a constant output, a system is required which should be capable to constantly rotate the solar panel. Initial tests in industry suggest that this p rocess can increase the efficiency of a solar power system by up to 50%. Given those gains, it is an attractive way to enhance an existing solar power system.

Solar Panel Solar Panels are the devices for capturing the energy in sunlight. Solar photovoltaic panels contain arrays of solar cells that convert light into electricity. The solar cells sometimes called photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic meaning literally .light-electricity. Solar cells or PV cells rely on the photovoltaic effect to absorb the energy of the sun and cause current to flow between two oppositely charged layers. Crystalline silicon and Gallium arsenide are typical choices of materials for solar cells. When exposed to sunlight, a 6 cm diameter silicon cell can produce a current of about 0.5 A at 0.5 V. Gallium arsenide is more efficient than Crystalline silicon. A solar panel is a collection of solar cells. Solar panels are constructed of these cells cut into appropriate shapes, protected from radiation and handling damage on the front surface by bonding on a cover glass, and cemented onto a substrate (either a rigid panel or a flexible blanket). Page | 6

Electrical connections are made in series-parallel to determine total output voltage.The cement and the substrate must be thermally conductive, because the cells heat up from absorbing infrared energy that is not converted to electricity. Since cell heating reduces the operating efficiency it is desirable to minimize the heating. The resulting assemblies are called solar panels or solar arrays.

Electrical Solar Tracking Systems The most of today’s Solar tracking systems are electrical systems. Elements of these s ystems are an electric servo drive and an electronic control system. The electric servo drive includes a stepper motor, which rotates the solar panels with a pre-set angular displacement. The control system gives an input signal to servo drive system to drive the stepper motor with the help of sensor and electronic counters. In these systems, the major portion of energy produced by the solar panel is utilized for tracking operation. If not, these systems should have a battery storage unit or should be connected to power supply grid or the combination of both.

Mechanical Solar Tracking Systems Mechanical engineering is one of the largest, broadest and oldest engineering disciplines and uses principles of energy, materials, and mechanics to design and manufacture machines and devices of all types. Mechanics, energy and heat, mathematics, engineering sciences, design and manufacturing form the foundation of mechanical engineering. Fundamentally, mechanical engineering involves with the mechanics of motion and the transfer of energy from one form to another or one place to another. The various fields of application of mechanical engineering are,    

Energy conversion Energy resource Environment and Transportation Engineering and Technology management Page | 7

  

Manufacturing Materials and Structures Systems and Design

In above fields the Solar Engineering falls in the category of Energy resource. Mechanical engineers are effectively involved in solar energy in finding new ways to produce mechanical and electrical power for heating, refrigeration and water purification and also in the design of devices and structure to collect solar energy. Mechanical solar tracking systems are the systems which use the mechanical energy for operation and involve the fundamental concep ts of various fields, related to mechanical engineering. The tracking of solar panels can be effectively done with mechanical systems. These systems are robust in design and are very less sensitive to seasonal changes. Mechanical systems, built with high precision are well suited for tracking operation.

2.5Aims & Objective The need for mechanical systems for tracking operation can be better explained with the drawbacks associated with electrical tracking systems. Those are The present Electrical tracking systems consumes most of the energy produced by solar panels which serves as a demerit for the Solar system. We plan to totally neglect the wastage of electricity generated by the panels. In other words we hope to increase the output of the solar panels. The minimum power required for operation may not be available at all times o the day due to change in atmosphere. Tracking will help solve this problem. Mechanical systems can work in any environment. Dust and humidity have no ill-effects on the system. To simplify the system and avoid any complexity in design. We try to make the entire system compact So that there is no issue when it comes to moving the system. The energy required for operation will increase with the increased size of solar Panel.

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1.3 Problem Specifications The position of the sun keeps on changing every day. Solar panels as we know are entirely dependent on the sun. The more the sun rays fall on the panels the more outcomes we get and it serves our purpose of installing a solar panel. The challenge nowadays is to keep a track of the position of the sun so that we get the maximum output from the panels. We hope to achieve this with a Mechanical tracking system

1.4

Literature Review

One-Axis Trackers – Improved Reliability, Durability, Performance, and Cost Reduction Final Subcontract Technical Status Report - 2 May 2006 – 31 August 2007 by J. Shingleton Shingleton Design, LLC Auburn, New York – The work effort focused on reducing the total cost of electricity generated by single-axis tracking solar energy systems for utility and other large-scale commercial applications. Developing a factory assembled, modular tracker, while building on the strengths of the existing technology, resulted in improved performance and reliability and reduced installation time, cost, and environmental impact. Low cost tracker by Marliyani Binti Omar This thesis is submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Electrical Engineering - Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering University Malaysia Pahang -MAY, 2009 - Solar tracker is invented because solar panel disables to move toward the sunlight when the sun moves from east to west. In order to produce maximum power output, solar tracker is design with motor so that the solar panel will move toward the position of sun. Atlas solar tracking by Mechatronics Company manual:-Atlas system can achieve up to 40% more output power than fixed tilt systems. It ensures that the PV panels are optimally orientated towards the sun, converting efficiently direct and indirect solar radiation into electricity. Hawe hydraulics manual :- HAWE Hydraulics offers compact positioning systems, which consist of a hydraulic power pack with a control system that is directly attached. The electric motor and pump in this closed system is submerged for protection against rain, condensation, and dirt. HAWE’s modular products mean we can easily adjust power and movement speeds according to customers’ requirements, as well as provide easier access for maintenanc e. With various product sizes, low friction, and minimized stick or slip effect, tracking movements can be controlled reliably and accurately. Dampened over-center valves ensure smooth movements, which protects the entire structure.

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1.5 Plan Of Work We search for project related to solar power related, and we got some points to study from that we select the solar tracker. To study about solar energy and its efficiency. To study about PV cells. To study on the PV plate and its overall structure, like its power output, setting angle (the angle at which solar panel is going to fit), sun light intensity in day hours, etc. To study on sun tracker systems like electrical solar tracker, mechanical tracker and hydraulic tracker. To study on hydraulic tracker and how to implement it in tracking system project. To study on hydraulic system and its components mainly piston, control valves, ch eck valves and hydraulic oil. Study on structural design of hydraulic solar tracker.

1.6 Materials / Tools required

1. Panel Seat 2. Column 3. Base 4. Weight 5. Weight Holder 6. Double Acting Cylinder 7. Check Valve 8. Flow Control Valve 9. Reservoir 10.Rod End Mounting 11.Piston End Hing 12.Connector Hose 13.Counter Weight Platform 14.T-Connector 15.Hose Clips 16.Connector Nozzles Page |

CANVAS ACTIVITY 2.1 AEIOU Summary

Description : This canvas is divided in five parts : A,E,I,O,U Activities : This area focus on the main functions that are performed by this project. Environment : Here we have shown the area, where this project can be implemented or the place where its need is more. Interaction: Here the media is shown through which can bring this project work in market. Objects: List of mainly used components is given in this segment. User: People to whom this project will be more useful are given under this segment

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2.2 Empathy Mapping Canvas

Description: This canvas is all about the problems that we faced while preparing the project. All minute and general problems are considered along with the main and big problems that we faced.

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2.3 Ideation Canvas

Description: This canvas is all about the general aspects like the places where this project can be implemented, types of people we find at that place, different work performed by different people over that place according to that position they are there on and the problems and solutions related to that problems. For e.g. we have consider here collage as a location. So people related to that place are listed like management of college, faculties, students, clerk, etc. They do different work over there like faculty’s work is teaching, paper analysis, etc.

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2.4 Product Development Canvas:

Purpose: This segment focuses on the objective of preparing the project. Product Experience : This area focuses about the customers experiences after using the product prepared. Product Function: Here the main and important functions that are performed by product are listed. Product Feature: The feature and the positive aspects of the products are listed in this area. Page |

IMPLEMENTION 3.1 Methodology The methodology of design for the design of mechanical tracking system is explained by following steps, Determining sunray orientation and time range to which the panel has to be tracked. Calculating the required angular velocity of the panel. Calculating the system pressure and cylinder (actuator) discharge. calculating the weight/force required to create the required pressure. Selecting cylinder of suitable diameter and stroke length. Selecting the suitable grade of hydraulic oil. Calculating the capacity of reservoir. Designing the hydraulic circuit with Quick Return facility to reduce the time required for bringing the panel to its original position. Selecting required mechanical components of suitable dimensions and material. Preparing production drawings and fabrication of mechan ical elements. Assembly of the device. Demonstration.

3.2 Design 3.2.1 Hydraulic Sytem Circuit Design The schematic arrangement of a h ydraulic power system is illustrated by the figure Notations: Pump with electric motor Flow control valves Pressure regulating valve Reservoirs Pressure gauges Cylinder with load Direction control valve Filter Page |

Process Power Supply: The power supply segment comprises the prime mover, and the pump. The fluid from pump passes through a filter, where foreign particles are removed. The pump supplies the input power to fluid to convert it into hydraulic power. Control System: The control unit is intermediate but most important part between th e power supply and output segments. Control unit comprises different valves for various purposes. A typical control unit includes the types of valves, a. Directional control valves: to control the direction of actuator movement. b. Pressure control valves: to control the fluid pressure, this in turn controls the output force. c. Flow control valves: to control the flow rate of the fluid, to regulate the speed of the actuator Output: The output segment of hydraulic system includes the actuator and the load. The function of actuator is to convert the fluid power back to mechanical power. Depending upon the end use the actuator can be either linear type (hydraulic cylinder) or rotary type (hydraulic motor). Page |

Characteristics of Hydraulic systems: 01. High forces (torques) with compact size. 02. Step less change (control or regulation) of speed. 03. Suitable for heavy duty operations. 04. Suitable for heavy load applications. 05. Simple overload protection. 06. Higher response time. 07. Hydraulic means of transferring energy are u sually slower when compared to pneumatics 08. Suitable for controlling fast movement process and for high precision movement. 09. High capital cost. 10. Flexibility may not be as good as pneumatics or electrics. 11. Unavoidable leakages, due to higher system pressure. 12. Prone to fire hazards.

3.2.2 Mechanical Design: This section of design includes the details of ha rdware elements used in the tracking system and also the design analysis of those elements 1. Machine Design Machine design is the creation of new and better machines and improving the existing once. A new machine is one which is more economical in the overall cost of production and operation. 2. Mechanics Mechanics may be defined as that science which describes and predicts the conditions of rest or motion of bodies under the action of forces. Mechanics is a physical science, since it deals with the study of physical phenomenon. The three divisions of mechanics and their sub-divisions aregiven as below, a. Mechanics of rigid bodies I. Static’s II. Dynamics b. Mechanics of deformable bodies c. Mechanics of fluids I. study of compressible fluids II. Study of incompressible fluids (Hydraulics)

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Tracking mechanism: The mechanism selected for tracking system is based on lever principle. The type of lever used manipulate the required load is Second type lever. Basically, a lever is rod or bar capable of turning about a fixed point called fulcrum. It is used as a machine to lift / transmit a load by the application of small effort. The ratio of load lifted to the effort applied is called mechanical advantage. A lever may be Straight or curved and the forces applied on the lever (or by the lever) may be parallel or inclined to one another.

Application Of Lever: The load (W) and the effort (P) may be applied to the lever in three different ways. The Fulcrum is denoted by F and direction of reaction is indicated by an arrow mark.

1. First type lever: In the first type of levers, the fulcrum is in between load and effort. These levers are commonly used in railway signalling, rocker arms, hand pumps, foot levers etc.

Firat type lever 2. Second type lever:

In this type, the load is in between the fulcrum and effort. The application of such type of lever is found in levers of loaded safety valves.

Second type lever Page |

3. Third type lever:

In this type of levers, the effort is in between the fulcrum and load. The use of such type of levers is not recommended in engineering practice. However a pair of tongs, th e treadle of sewing machine is the examples of this type of lever.

Third type lever

3.3 Working: 3.3.1 Schematic Diagram: The arrangement of the hydraulic components and other mechanical elements are illustrated by the following schematic diagram.The components of the s ystem are, i. Panel seat ii. Column iii. Base iv. Weight v. Weight holder vi. Double acting cylinder vii. Check valve viii. Flow control valve ix. Reservoir x. Filter xi. Rod end mounting xii. Piston end hinge xiii. Handle xiv. Counter weight platform xv. Connecting hose xvi. T-Connector xvii. Stopper

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3.3.2 Working Procedure Working procedure of the designed tracking system is explained by the hydraulic circuit diagram and by the schematic diagrams. Each duty cycle of the system contains two steps, those are, Tracking and return

1. Tracking

As the tracking weight acts on the piston through piston rod, it pushes the oil out of the cylinder and the oil flows towards reservoir. While, due to the restricted cross sectional area at flow control valve the piston moves with the velocity equal to calculated tracking velocity. During this action the check valve remains closed, hence oil is allowed to flow only through flow control valve. At the rod end of the cylinder, the oil is sucked into cylinder due to the vacuum pressure created by the applied weight. 2. Return

As the tracking time finishes, the panel seat has to be rotated by applying the torque,manually, to bring back into initial position. The vacuum pressure is created at piston end chamber and oil from reservoir rushes towards cylinder. As soon as the system pressure exceeds the cracking pressure of check valve, check valve opens and allowing full flow of oil from it, reducing the time required for repositioning operation. The flow control valve also allows the oil to flow from it, increasing rate of flow and reduced panel repositioning time. At rod end of cylinder the piston forces the oil. The oil pressure increases and oil flows out of the cylinder. Oil returns to reservoir through a filter placed in the return line. Page |

3.3.3 Tracking mechanism: Here, the load is the resistance offered by the cylinder for displacement, which while depends on the rate of flow from the cylinder. The weight of the disc is the applied driving force, hence it is the effort applied on the system to perform the desired operation. The weight is applied through a weight holder. Comparing with the types of lever systems, as the load is between fulcrum and effort point, this is a system with second type lever system. The arrow on the points shows the direction of force.

Lever Mechanism

3.4 Assembly: I. Column and base

This is the load bearing structure of machine which takes all forces acting on the system. The column and base are welded together to provide more strength and to carry the solar panels of larger sizes than designed. It also includes two stoppers to restrict the displacement of panel seat to the required position. These are plates of 4mm thickness and welded to the column. II. Panel seat

Panel seat is a fabricated frame on which solar panel is mounted. It is fabricated element and sufficient numbers of holes are provided to facilitate the mounting of solar panel. It also supports the weight holder and transmits tracking force to cylinder. A provision also made on the frame to mount the counter weight, for flexibility in selection of weight disc/s. A handle is provided with the frame to facilitate the lifting the panel seat for return operation. III. Weight holder and weight disc

The function of weight holder is to hold the weight disc in its place. Another important function of weight holder is to provide proper moment to overcome static friction of cylinder at the beginning of tracking operation. The static friction is very high at the beginning of tracking operation. Weight disc is a molded disc which is mounted on weight holder to exert driving torque for tracking operation. Multiple discs can be used according to their unit weight and requirement. Page |

4 Conclusion and Future Scope 4.1 Conclusion: It is observed that the designed mechanical tracking system is a system, which consumes no energy for operation and contributing towards increasing the productivity of the solar panels. This is the first attempt made towards utilizing the gravitational energy as a driving force for solar tracking systems and also in providing a suitable tracking system for the remote places. In view of increasing deman d for the electrical power, this tracking system can contribute a little in the fulfilment this demand.

4.2 Future Scope: Further research work will be suggested towards reducing the material cost, towards implementation of suitable sensors to assure ease in operations and towards obtaining the preferred essential requirements. Some of the preferred essentials and the guidelines associated with design and development of this tracking device are; I. A sensor with electronic counter, which will provide input signal to a buzzer, to indicate the start of tracking cycle. On basis of this, the panel is tilted by means of handle to perform return operation. The electronic system, if used, should consume very little electric energy,making the device suitable for remote applications by providing small & long lasting batteries. II. Use of multiple panels on panel seat, to increase the returns from tracking system. III. System can be modified to suite other solar applications like solar air heating and solar water heaters

4.3 Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitation:

Advantages: 1. Hydraulic solar tracker is easy to design and manufacture compare to other tracker system. 2. Increased reliability and robustness of hydraulic control s ystem compared with other solar tracker. 3. Hydraulic solar trackers generate more energy than other tracking system like electric solar tracker. 4. Lubrication of system is not necessary due to less moving parts. 5. Compare to other tracking system hydraulic tracking system cost is less. 6. Important reduction of whole life maintenance cost of solar tracker.

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Disadvantages: 1. Structurally less rigid then permanent mounts and hence can be vulnerable to storm damage. 2. More chances to leakage of hydraulic oil. 3. Required manual power to pump the oil in cylinder.

Limitation: 1. Structurally less rigid then permanent mounts and hence can be vulnerable to storm damage. 2. More chances to leakage of hydraulic oil. 3. Required manual power to pump the oil in cylinder.

4.4 Referances: PUBLISHED PAPER REFERANCE

1) One-Axis Trackers – Improved Reliability, Durability, Performance, and Cost Redu ction - Final Subcontract Technical Status Report - 2 May 2006 – 31 August 2007 by J. Shingleton Shingleton Design, LLC Auburn, New York 2) Low cost tracker by Marliyani Binti Omar This thesis is submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Electrical Engineering - Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering University Malaysia Pahang -MAY, 2009 3) A review of principle and sun-tracking method s for maximizing solar systems output by Hossein Mousazadeh, Alireza Keyhani, Arzhang Javadi, Hossein Mobli Karen Abrinia, Ahmad Sharifi Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran BOOK REFERANCE:

[1] Fluid mechanics and Hydraulic machines by R.K.Bansal. [2] Basic hydraulics and hydraulic plumbing US army division. [3] Machine design by R.S.Khurmi and J.K Gupta. [4] Vector mechanics for engineers by F.B Beer. [5] Atlas solar tracking by mechatron company manual. WEB REFERENCE:

[1] http://www.canren.gc.ca/tech_appl/about solar energy.htm. [2] http://www.palmdalewater.org/alternative solarenergy.htm. [3] http://www.careercornerstone.org/careers for mechanical engineers [4] http://www.burkoil.com. [5] http://www.bull-electrical.com/solar panels, electrical and water, controllers, panels, solar shargers.htm. Page |

5 Appendix: 5.1 Project Progress Report: PPR 1 1. What Progress you have made in the Project ? We have extent our basic idea to implement it. we have recalled some working principles which will be helpfull. we have decided the components and structure of the system. we have estimated the cost of it and checked that whether it is affordable or not. we have referred some past reserch. we have enhanced our idea.

2. What challenge you have faced ? we have faced challenges like how to convert our idea to real product? and how to make it perfect and efficient as per our requirement

3. What support you need ? we need support from faculties who have done master in hydraulics.

4. Which literature you have referred ? oneAxis trackers by J.shingleton Low cost tracker by marliyani and binti omar

PPR 2 1. What Progress you have made in the Project ? we have decided the methodology for design of it.

2. What challenge you have faced ? we found that some principle can not be apply, so we went back and think about it again and found the correction.

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3. What support you need ? we need support for design from someone.

4. Which literature you have referred ? Atias solar tracking by mechatronics company manual.

PPR 3 1. What Progress you have made in the Project ? we have prepared the schematic diagram of it and completed the analysis.

2. What challenge you have faced ? we have faced challenges like 'how to make a design appropriately’?

3. What support you need ? we need support for optimization from faculty and other sources.

4. Which literature you have referred ? hawe hydraulics manual.

PPR 4 1. What Progress you have made in the Project ? Finally,we have done optimization and made prototype.

2. What challenge you have faced ? we have faced challenges in making the prototype.

3. What support you need ? we need guidance for converting prototype to real product..

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4. Which literature you have referred ? Rockwell automations solar tracking application manual book.

5.2 Patent Serch Analsis Report PSAR 1 PART 1: PATENT SEARCH DATABASE USED

1. Patent Search Database used : Google Patents Web link of database : https://patents.google.com/ 2. Keywords Used for Search : hydraulic,solar,tracking ,system 3. Search String Used : hydraulic solar tracking system 4. Number of Results/Hits getting : 9322

PART 2: BASIC DATA OF PATENTED INVENTION /BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

5. Category/ Field of Invention : Mechanical Engineering 6. Invention is Related to/Class of Invention : Design & Analysis 6 (a) : IPC class of the studied patent : F24J2/54 7. Title of Invention : Sun tracker system for a solar assembly 8. Patent No. : 9. Application Number : US08792785 9 (a) : Web link of the studied patent : https://patents.google.com/patent/US5798517A 10. Date of Filing/Application (DD/MM/YYYY) : 03/02/1997 11. Priority Date (DD/MM/YYYY) : 19/05/1994 12. Publication/Journal Number : 13. Publication Date (DD/MM/YYYY) : Page |

14. First Filled Country : Albania : 15. Also Published as: 16. Inventor/s Details. 1 Alexander Berger Konigsbergerstrasse196, D-7500 Karlsruhe 1, Germany 17. Applicant/Assignee Details. 1 Berger Alexander Konigsbergerstrasse196, D-7500 Karlsruhe 1, Germany 18. Applicant for Patent is : Individual

PART 3: TECHNICAL PART OF PATENTED INVENTION

19. Limitation of Prior Technology / Art For one, this tracker does not work without the daily intervention of an operator, lifting the rotary pole and thus positioning the sun collectors in their initial position. 20. Specific Problem Solved / Objective of Invention this construction for application in such solar assemblies as solar-thermal collectors, storage collectors, sunlight concentrators, flat mirrors for solar towers but also in photovoltaic modules with amplification mirrors. 21. Brief about Invention In this system, the solar collectors are carried by a rotary pole, supported by a chamber of variable volume. The fluid contained in the chamber is displaced from the chamber by the dead load force of the sun collectors and of the rotary pole, penetrating through a nozz le in this process. The rotary pole thus sinks and is rotated about its vertical axis through the interaction of a bolt with a helical groove guide, tracking the sun movement from east to west. The return to the initial position "to the east" is performed every morning at sunrise by lifting the rotary pole with muscle power; tracking along the horizontal axis, according to the elevation angle is not performed in case of such tracker system. In spite of the robust construction, this tracker has proved to be not without problems as far as the technical application is concerned.

22. Key learning Points This sun tracker system is very robust, has a relatively low energy consumption even in heavy solar assemblies and is very suitable for large-scale applications.

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23. Summary of Invention This task is in principle solved by this tracker system being extended by a pressure energy accumulator, a power block and a thermothrottle as well as by an appliance forrotating the solar assembly about its horizontal axis.Developments,improvements, special execution types aresubject of the sub-claims. 24. Number of Claims : 21 25. Patent Status : Expired Patent 26. How much this invention is related with your IDP/UDP? 71 to 90% 27. Do you have any idea to do anything around the said invention to improve it? (Give short note in not more than 500 words) this invetion used differant types of sensor and electronics gadget , so no need any daily intervention of an operator.

PSAR 2 PART 1: PATENT SEARCH DATABASE USED

1. Patent Search Database used : Google Patents Web link of database : https://patents.google.com/ 2. Keywords Used for Search : hydraulic,solar,tracking,system 3. Search String Used : hydraulic solar tracking system 4. Number of Results/Hits getting : 9283


5. Category/ Field of Invention : Mechanical Engineering 6. Invention is Related to/Class of Invention : Design a nd Analysis 6 (a) : IPC class of the studied patent : Y02E10/50 7. Title of Invention : All-dome hydraulic-drive solar tracking s ystem 8. Patent No. : Page |

9. Application Number : CN 201110090076 9(a) : Web link of the studied patent : https://patents.google.com/patent/CN102158132A/en 10. Date of Filing/Application (DD/MM/YYYY) : 11/04/2011 11. Priority Date (DD/MM/YYYY) : 11/04/2011 12. Publication/Journal Number : 13. Publication Date (DD/MM/YYYY) : 14. First Filled Country : Albania : 15. Also Published as 16. Inventor/s Details. 1 Xu Zhifeng China 2 Wu Guodong China 3 Zhu Lingyu China 4 Chen Jianjun China 5 Chen Xinchang China 17. Applicant/Assignee Details. 1 Jiangsu Wujin Hydraulic Hoist Co Ltd China 18. Applicant for Patent is : Company


19. Limitation of Prior Technology / Art Solar trackers are slightly more expensive than their stationary counterparts, due to the more complex technology and moving parts necessary for their operation. Some ongoing maintenance is generally required, though the quality of the solar tracker can play a role in how much and how often this maintenance is needed. 20. Specific Problem Solved / Objective of Invention To take full advantage of solar energy, so that the maximum solar energy into electrical energy can be used, it has been designed specifically for PV modules can be rotated to follow the sun stand with movement execution unit and solar tracker on the stand, to make photovoltaic modules receiving surface facing the sun, the more solar energy.

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21. Brief about Invention The technical problem to be solved is: In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a hydraulic drive Omnimax solar tracking system, multi-angle of PV modules to adjust, even Omnimax range angle adjustment, hydraulic control system, low energy consumption, sand dust wear corrosion resistance far superior to the motor system.echnical Solution The present invention solves the technical problem is adopted: one Omnimax hydraulic drive solar tracking system, including the installation of photovoltaic modules for the support frame, the support frame has a rotating mechanism and PV modules the pitch angle of the direction adjusting mechanism, also has a position control by collecting solar rotation mechanism and angle adjustment mechanism work control unit. The rotating mechanism includes a stationary base and packaged in the anchor body circumferentially rotating swivel body holder body mounted on the support base of the platform, is also a member-driven swivel rotary drive member rotatably , said swivel body by a support beam connected PV modules, with one end of said support beam articulated swivel member, the support beam and the other end hinged with PV modules; the angle adjustment mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder mounted on the support frame, hydraulic cylinder piston rod end P V modules hinge; said control unit includes a light sensor and recover data processing apparatus 22. Key learning Points The invention relates to an all-dome hydraulic-drive solar tracking system, which comprises a support frame for mounting a photovoltaic component and a control unit, wherein a slewing mechanism and a pitching direction and angle regulating mechanism for the photovoltaic component are arranged on the support frame, and the co ntrol unit is used for controlling the slewing mechanism and the angle regulating mechanism to work by collecting the position of the sun. 23. Summary of Invention The technical problem to be solved is: In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a hydraulic drive Omnimax solar tracking system, multi-angle of PV modules to adjust, even Omnimax range angle adjustment, hydraulic control system, low energy consumption, sand dust wear corrosion resistance far superior to the motor system. 24. Number of Claims : 8 25. Patent Status : Published Application 26. How much this invention is related with your IDP/UDP? < 70 % 27. Do you have any idea to do anything around the said invention to improve it? (Give short note in not more than 500 words) With the use of renewable energy sources that why we can reduced environment hazard which has been produced electricity.

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PSAR 3 PART 1: PATENT SEARCH DATABASE USED

1. Patent Search Database used : Google Patents Web link of database : https://patents.google.com/ 2. Keywords Used for Search : hydraulic,solar,tracking ,system 3. Search String Used : hydraulic solar tracking system 4. Number of Results/Hits getting : 9330


5. Category/ Field of Invention : Mechanical Engineering 6. Invention is Related to/Class of Invention : Design and analysis 6 (a) : IPC class of the studied patent : F24J2/542 7. Title of Invention : Solar tracker with movement in two axes and actuation in only one of them 8. Patent No. : 9. Application Number : US12305501 9(a) : Web link of the studied patent : https://patents.google.com/patent/US20090301466A1 10. Date of Filing/Application (DD/MM/YYYY) : 18/06/2007 11. Priority Date (DD/MM/YYYY) : 19/06/2006 12. Publication/Journal Number : US 2009/0301466A1 13. Publication Date (DD/MM/YYYY) : 10/12/2010 14. First Filled Country : Albania : 15. Also Published as: 16. Inventor/s Details: 1 Jesus Angel Humanes Asensio Palencia (ES) 2 Antolin Lorenzana Iban Valladolid (ES)

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17. Applicant/Assignee Details. 1 Jesus Angel Humanes Asensio Palencia (ES) 2 Antolin Lorenzana Iban Valladolid (ES) 18. Applicant for Patent is : Individual


19. Limitation of Prior Technology / Art Even with the advancements in reliability there is generally more maintenance required than a traditional fixed rack, though the quality of the solar tracker can play a role in how much and how often this maintenance is needed. 20. Specific Problem Solved / Objective of Invention the tracker with two actuated axes is more expen sive to construct and maintain and less reliable since it incorporates more elements that can break down. 21. Brief about Invention The present invention relates to a solar tracking device with two axes of rotation, which is actuated in only of them, by virtue of the incorporation into the mechanism of a support bar of adjustable length, which is articulated at its two ends and anchored at one side to the bod y carrying out the solar tracking, and at the other to an adjustable support joined to the base of the actual tracker or to the ground. In turn, the bar is equipped with a shock-absorbing spring system that allows it to be operated as a dynamic control element for the whole assembly.solar tracking devices with two axes (orientation movement — tracking of the azimuth — and inclination movement — tracking of the elevation-) are known. These devices seek maximum energy collection from solar radiation by making the incidence of the solar rays be perpendicular throughout the day to the collection surface of the thermal or photovoltaic device

22. Key learning Points Due to the tracking the solar panel is exposed to the direction of sun at all time hence maximum utilization of solar panels and due tothis the power output increases.

23. Summary of Invention Solar tracking devices with two axes (orientation movement — tracking of the azimuth — and inclination movement — tracking of the elevation-) are known. These devices seek maximum energy collection from solar radiation by making the incidence of the solar ra ys be perpendicular throughout the day to the collection surface of the thermal or photovoltaic device. Page |

24. Number of Claims : 4 25. Patent Status : Published Application 26. How much this invention is related with your IDP/UDP? < 70 % Page 27. Do you have any idea to do anything around the said invention to improve it? (Give short note in not more than 500 words) In this project work planning for design and fabricate a solar tracking system which will utilize mechanical energies for the tracking ope ration.

PSAR 4

PART 1: PATENT SEARCH DATABASE USED 1. Patent Search Database used : Indian Patent Office database Web link of database : http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/publicsearch/

2. Keywords Used for Search : hydraulic,solar,tracking,system

3. Search String Used : hydraulic solar tracking system

4. Number of Results/Hits getting : 1


5. Category/ Field of Invention : Mechanical Engineering

6. Invention is Related to/Class of Invention : design and analysis

6 (a) : IPC class of the studied patent : F24J- 2/00, F24J-2/38,

7. Title of Invention : HYDRAULIC SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM Page |

8. Patent No. : 9. Application Number : 4852/MUM/2015

9 (a) : Web link of the studied patent : http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/publicsearch/

10. Date of Filing/Application (DD/MM/YYYY) : 24/12/2015 11. Priority Date (DD/MM/YYYY) : 12. Publication/Journal Number : 05/2016

13. Publication Date (DD/MM/YYYY) : 29/01/2016

14. First Filled Country : Albania : India 15. Also Published as Sr.No Country Where Filled Application No./Patent No. 1 India 4852/MUM/2015 16. Inventor/s Details.

1 Rahul Mishra H No. 06, Infront of Durga Mandir, Pooj Colony,Neelbad,Bhopal Pin 462044 (Madhya Pradesh) India 2 Kamna Mishra 5/204, Board Office Colony, Near Bittan Market, Bhopal Pin462 016 (Madhya Pradesh) India 3 Ruby Awasthi 215, Vaishali Apartment, Surendra Place, Bhopal Pin462026 (Madhya Pradesh) India 17. Applicant/Assignee Details.

1 Rahul Mishra H No. 06, Infront of Durga Mandir, Pooja Colony, Neelbad, Bhopal Pin 462044 (Madhya Pradesh) India. 18. Applicant for Patent is : university

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19. Limitation of Prior Technology / Art A large difference in the ratio of the diameter of sliding RAM and plunger cannot be maintained It is required to keep the volume of both cylinders ar e same to obtain a desired movement.

20. Specific Problem Solved / Objective of Invention improve the design of ram and plunger and cylinder.

21. Brief about Invention A hydraulic based sun-tracking system comprising:a plurality of plungers enclosing small cylinders of same size wherein the small cylinders are connected in parallel to each other; a hydraulic system connected to the plungers for alternately filling fluid in the plungers; and a plurality of large hydraulic cylinders fluidically connected to the small cylinders and each large cylinder enclosing a sliding cylindrical RAM; wherein a solar panel having plurality of sensors are mounted on the sliding cylindrical RAM. Present invention relates to a sun-tracking system and more pa rticularly relates to capturing the maximum sun radiation and increase the photovoltaic (PV) panel output using a dual axis sun tracker. Dual axis sun trac king system keeps the PV panel facing towards the sun in both east-west and north-south direction. sun tracking is evolving on the basis of the design of a hydraulic press. The system of present invention is very economical and efficient. Dual axis sun tracking system which tracks at sun continuously throughout a day. Present invention helps to acquire maximum solar incident radiation Page |

in order to convert it into a useful form. Incident radiation of the sun can convert into electricity by using PV panel and heat energy by using solar concentrator. If the same design of hydraulic press introduces directly to achieve sun tracking operation.

22. Key learning Points Dual axis sun tracking system which helps to increase the conversion efficiency of PV panel Low maintenance required and low cost. High accuracy of sun tracker. less energy consumption during operation. Acquire less land space for installation. Fit for any kind of solar application, e.g., solar water heating, solar stiller etc.

23. Summary of Invention A hydraulic based sun-tracking system is provided. The system includes a plurality of plungers enclosing small cylinders of same size. The small cylinders are connected in parallel to each other. A hydraulic system is connected to the plungers for alternately filling the fluid in the plungers. A plurality of large hydraulic cylinders are fluidically connected to the small cylinders and each large cylinder encloses a sliding cylindrical RAM. The solar panels have plurality of sensors are mounted on the sliding cylindrical RAM. A method of operating hydraulic based sun-tracking system is provided. The method includes steps of generating force on plungers b y filling the fluid tank. The generated force is exerted on the sliding cylindrical RAMs of two large hydraulic cylinders. The force is alternately exerted on each of the two large hydraulic cylinders causing the movement of the solar panels. Page |

hydraulic solar tracking system

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