We use the personal and impersonal passive to express other people`s opinions. We can use the impersonal passive to avoid mentioning the identity of the agent. We usually do this by using re…Descripción completa
We use the personal and impersonal passive to express other people`s opinions. We can use the impersonal passive to avoid mentioning the identity of the agent. We usually do this by using re…Full description
PASSIVEDescripción completa
PASSIVEDescripción completa
PASSIVEDescripción completa
Descripción completa
English GrammarDescripción completa
makalah tentang Passive Voice, contoh passive voice
Descripción completa
Passive VoiceDescrição completa
Passive voiceFull description
Passive and Causative
Descrição: Jay Abraham
ok...Deskripsi lengkap
grammar
PASSIVE
OF
EPORTING VERBS / IMPERSONAL PASSIVE R EPORTING
Verbs that refer to saying or thinking ( think, believe, say, report, know, consider, presume, hope…) hope…) are often followed by a to-infinitive form in the passive. Example: Example: The police think he think he is in Argentina. He is thought to thought to be in Argentina.
There are FOUR INFINITIVE the active sentence. Simple Continuous Perfect Perf. Continuous
IN
FORMS ,
to to to to
which we will use depending on the tense we have in
write be writing have written have been writing
escribir estar escribiendo haber escrito haber estado escribiendo
ORDER TO MAKE THIS TYPE OF PASSIVE SENTENCE , WE
1 Take the subject of the second sentence: He
Passive verb of the Reporting verb in the same tense as in the active: is thought 2 The verb of the second sentence in the Infinitive form: to be 1
WHICH • •
•
SOME
FORM OF THE
INFINITIVE
DO WE USE ?
If it carries an idea of present or future Simple: to write It it carries an idea of past, past , whatever the tense (Past Simple, Past Perfect, Present Perfect) Perfect: to have written. written. If either of them are in a continuous form, you use the adequate Infinitive continuous form to be writing or to have been writing
MORE EXAMPLES:
ACTIVE They say she say she works hard. They say she say she played well. They said she said she has done well. They believe he is having an affair. They believe he has been having an affair. affair. She believes the repairs have been finished. finished .
1
PASSIVE She is said to said to work hard. She is said to said to have played well. She was said to said to have done well. He is believed to believed to be having an affair. He is believed to believed to have been having an The The repai repairs rs are believed to believed to have been finished. finished.
IMPERSONAL PASSIVE 1. People believe that English is the most widely spoken language It is believed that believed that English is the most widely spoken language. • English is believed to believed to be the most widely spoken language. • 2. Police have reported that it was Peter who caused the accident. • •
It has been reported that reported that it was Peter who caused the accident. Peter has been reported to reported to have caused the accident.
3. A journalist reports that they are leaving Las Vegas tomorrow night. • •
It ________________________________________________________________ They _____________________________________________________________
4. The lecturer thought that thought that Columbus never realized that he had discovered America. • •
It ________________________________________________________________ Columbus _________________________________________________________
thought that that the teenagers were dancing at the disco. 5. Their parents thought • •
It ________________________________________________________________ The teenagers ______________________________________________________
6. Everybody thinks that she sings beautifully • •
9. My friends think that my parents are the best parents in the world. world. • •
10. • •
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ They believed that the horse was a present. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
11.People are thinking that drugs are very dangerous. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ • •
12.They knew that Mr. Brown was stealing iron from the factory. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ • •
13.Ancient people thought that the stars would fall on them. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ • •
2
14. • •
15.
People consider that the team will be classified for the final. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Everybody says that he settled the business. _____________________________________________________________ ____ _____________________________________________________________ ____ •
•
16. • •
The reporters believed that the meeting would finish soon. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
17.They have thought the sportsmen are arriving today. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ • •
18. • •
19. • •
20. • •
21. • •
22. • •
3
Citizens presume that the government is responsible for the accident. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ The newspapers are reporting that the most outstanding athletes represent their country. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ The shareholders thought that the group had rejected the offer. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ They say that the meeting will be held here __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ The hooligans expected that their team would win __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
SOME
VERBS HAVE SPECIAL
PASSIVE
MAKE AND HELP They are followed by passive Active: Passive: Passive: LET In the passive, let is Active: Passive:
FORMS:
•
a bare infinitive in the active, but take a to-infinitive in the Her two sisters made him clean the house He was made to clean the house by her two sisters.
•
•
replaced by allowed and is followed by a to-infinitive. The teacher let teacher let us us leave early We were allowed to leave early (by the teacher)
SEE AND HEAR Some verbs of the senses can be followed by either a to-infinitive or a gerund form in the passive. Active: They heard the baby cry baby cry / crying. crying. Passive: crying . The baby was heard to heard to cry / crying.
PASSIVE SENTENCES
1.
The studen students ts all all know that that Shakespe Shakespeare are was was born born in in Stratfo Stratford. rd.
1
We saw saw the the baby baby cra crawl wl tow towar ards ds the the win windo dow. w.
2
My pare parent nts s used used to to let let me me go go out out at at nig night ht..
3
In the the Middle Middle Ages, Ages, people people thoug thought ht the devi devill sometim sometimes es got got into into their their bodies bodies
4
The teac teacher her helped helped his stude students nts fini finish sh the the exerc exercis ise. e.
5
Reporte Reporters rs at the airpo airport rt are are expect expecting ing that that the the presiden presidentt will will be arriv arriving ing soon soon..
6
My mothe motherr alwa always ys made made me do the the hous housew ework ork..
7
Footb Footbal alll fans fans have have though thoughtt that thei theirr team team is arriv arriving ing toda today. y.
8
Everyb Everybod ody y knew knew that that Peter Peter had had copi copied ed at his his acce access ss exam exam..
9
Doctor Doctors s co consi nsider der that that lung lung cancer cancer will have a cure cure in the next next fifty fifty years years..
10 The police police always always thought thought that he had escaped escaped and and that he was living in Sweden. Sweden. 11 We could could usually usually hear hear an opera opera singe singerr singing singing upstai upstairs. rs. 12 The headma headmaster ster made made them sit sit down and and stay there there until until 5 o’clock. o’clock. 13 The usher usher didn didn’t ’t let us go go in into to the the theatre. theatre. 14 People in the town town believed believed that the the heavy rainfall rainfall was the the reason for the the bursting of of the dam.
