MANISH KUMAR
SOCIAL SCIENCE
INDIA – SIZE AND LOCTION
INTRODUCTION India belong to one of the ancient civilization of the wo rld. It has made multi – faceted socio – economic progress after obtaining independence in 1947 It has excelled many countries of the world in the filed of agriculture, industry, technology and overall economic development. It has contribute a lot the world history. LOCATION
India is entirely in the Northern hemisphere.
It extends between 8o4 and 37o6N latitudes and between 68o7 and 97o25 E longitudes.
Andaman and Nicober Islands lie to the south – east of the main and land in the Bay of Bengai.
The Lakshadweep Islands lie in the Arabian sea : (See figure 1.1 on the next page) Extent of these Island Islands. * Andaman and Nicober Islands Latitudinal extent = 6o4 N’ N to 13o 45’N Longitudinal extent = 92o25’ E to 94oE * Lakshadweep Islands Latitudinal extent = 10oN to 13oN Longitudinal extent = 72o E to 75o E The southernmost point of the Indian Union is Indian Point in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. FACTS How were different names of the country derived ?
Bharat (Name of India) after Bharat, the Legendary King
-
Bharat was the name of the soon of Dushyant
-
He was Legendary King.
-
After him, the land, India, came to be known as Bharat.
Bharat after the Bharata Tribe s
-
Bhara. Ta tribe inhabited this land, predominantly
MANISH KUMAR -
SOCIAL SCIENCE
Bharat came to known after this tribe. It is the belief of numerous scholars.
MANISH KUMAR
SOCIAL SCIENCE
India
-
Greeks and Romans called Sindhu river as Indus.
-
India has been derived from the name of Indus (Sindhu) river, (at present Sindhu river is known as Sind river), the land of Indus is termed as India.
Hindustan.
-
The term ‘Hind’ is derived from Sindhu because the Persians pronounce the Sindhu as Hindu (‘H’ place of S).
-
The land, east of Sindhu was called Hindustan.
EFFECTS OF LATITUDINAL AND LONGITUDINAL EXTANT OF INDIA
Effect of Latitudinal Extant of India :
The main land of India is located between 8o4’ and 37oN latitudes. Thus, it extends between almost 30 latitudes.
The Tropic Cancer passes through the middle of India. it divides the into two parts – the northern part and the southern part. The northern part falls in termperate zone while the southern part in tropical zone. This has resulted in climatic contrasts. In the south of Tropic of Cancer the sun shines perpendicular twice a year. On the other hand. in its north, the sun never shines straight on any place. Hence, temperature are high in the southern part throughout the year while in the northern part temperatures are less.
Effect of Longitudinal Extent of India : Longitudinally India extends from 68o7 E to 97o25’ E. This has influenced time considerably, 2 hours’ difference is found between the time Western’ most tip of Gujarat to Jaisalmer in Rajasthan and that of the Easternmost tip of Arunachal Pradesh. In order to do away with the time variation within the country, time of 82o30 E longitude is take as standard. This is called Indian Standard Time (IST). All the clocks and watches throughout the country keep one and the same time. Radios and television also follow this time.
The actual time of place in Indian is different from IST. local time is its name.
Indira point got submerged in India is sea water on Dec. 26. 2004 during Tsunami.
India’s land boundary is about 15,200 Km long.
Total length of coast line of the main land excluding Andaman and Nicobar and
MANISH KUMAR Lakshadweep is 7,516.6 Km.
SOCIAL SCIENCE
MANISH KUMAR
SOCIAL SCIENCE
MANISH KUMAR
SOCIAL SCIENCE FACTS
East- west extent of India is lesser then the north – south extent because of the following reasons. Distance between two latitudes is 110 Km. It remains the same equator to the poles. Distance between longitudes is 110 Kms. On equator. Going from equator towards north or south the distance between two longitudes goes on decreasing. Hence east – west extent of India lesser than north – south
Countries Larger than India in Area : Countries 1. Russia 2. China 3. Canada 4. USA 5. Brazil 6. Australia 7. India
Area (In lakh Sq. Km) 170.7 95.9 92.1 90.7 85.1 76.1 32.8
The Latitudinal and Longitudinal Expanse is about 30 but the east – west expanse seems to be smaller then the north – south extent. The latitudinal expanse of India is from 6o45’ to 37o6’ N Distance between two latitudes is of 110 Km. it is equal between latitudes upto poles from equator. The approximate length from south to north extreme latitudes is approximately 3214 km. The longitudinal expanse of India is 68o7 E to 97o25 E Distance between two longitudes on equator is 110 Kms. It goes on decreasing from equator to poles between two longitudes. Hence between the two extreme longitudes the total width of India is 2933 Kms approximately . Reasons for Selecting 82o30’ E for Determining Indian Standard Time. On International basis the globe has been divided into 24 time zones (each of 15 longitudes). In every zone local time of the middle longitude (divided by 7o30) is takan as standard time of the entire zone. Because 82o30’ E is well divisible by 7o30. a standard adopted by almost all the countries of the world while they selected a standard meridian for their respective countries. India is situated from west to each about 30 longitudes. It takes 4 minutes to cross a longitude (24 hours + 360 longitudes). India is situated between 67o E to 97o E (approximately). Hence there is a two different in the timing of the westernmost extreme and the easternmost extreme. If there is no standard meridian (longitude) in India, we have to advance our watch by 4 minutes on each longitude. If we travel from west to east. In order to avoid the problem we have chosen 82o30 E as standard meridian and its local time is taken a standard throughout the country .
BOUNDARIES India is bounded by the young fold mountains in the north – west, north and north east. It is situated on the northern fringe of the Indian Ocean. South of about 22o N latitude, it begins to taper, and extends towards the Indian Ocean, dividing it into two seas The Arabian Seas on the west. The bay of Bengal on its east.
MANISH KUMAR
SOCIAL SCIENCE
India’s total area is about 2.4 percent of the total geographical area of world. Form fig. it is concluded that Russia is the largest country of the world, then comes China, Canada, U.S.A Brazil and Australia in the descending order of area.
MANISH KUMAR
SOCIAL SCIENCE
India is the seventh largest country of the world. It is a matter of great interest that India is Six times bigger than France. nine times bigger than Germany. twenty three times bigger than Bangladesh.
INDIA AND THE WORLD INDIA’S CENTRAL POSTION ON THE HENS OF INDIAN OCEAN
India is located midway between the East and the West Asia. It is the southward extention of the Asian Continent. The trans Indian Ocean routes connecting the countries of Europe in the West and the developing countries of Asia in the East provide a strategic central position to India. Deccan Peninsula protrudes into the Indian Ocean. It helps India to establish close contact with West Asia. Africa and Europe from the West Coast and with Southeast and East Asia from the East Coast. India has the longest coastline on the Indian Ocean. No other country has such a long coastline. India’s eminent position in the Indian Ocean Justifies the naming of an Ocean after it.
INDIA AND THE LAND ROUTHS India continued its relations with the world through the ages. Its relationships through the land routes are much older than its relationship through sea routes. Various passes across the mountains in the north provided land routes to the ancient travelers. Fertile river valleys of India helpen in the spread of pastoral nomads. India remained busy in the exchange of ideas and commodities since time immemorial. India’s contact with West Asia, East Asia, Central and South Asia are notesworthy. Buddism traveled from India to Tiber, China as far as Japan and Korean Peninsula.
Mongols, the Turks, the Arabs and the Iranians contributed richly to the country’s architectural heritage.
The ideas of the Upanishads, the Indian numbers and the decimal system reached many part of the world as a result of these contacts.
INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS
India has n important strategic position in South Asia. It has 28 States and 7 Union Territories. Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar Islands are two Union Territories. Situated in the Arabina Sea and the Bay of Bangal respectively India has its common land boundaries with Pakistan and Afghanistan in the north – west, chain (Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the north and Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east. India’s southern neigbhours across the sea are two island states. They are Sri Lanka and Maldives. Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Manner. Maldives Islands are situated to the south of the Lakhsdweep Island. India has strong geographical and historical contracts links with neighbours. India stands from the rest of Asia. Mountains in the north and Indian Ocean on its three sides have given it a distinct geographical entity. Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and India form the most natural geographical unit. This units is referred to as the Indian sub – continent.
MANISH KUMAR
SOCIAL SCIENCE
Vast area of diverse landsmasses have helped India display a distance physical identity of its own.
MANISH KUMAR
SOCIAL SCIENCE
MANISH KUMAR
SOCIAL SCIENCE
MANISH KUMAR Offical Name Nationality Capital Area Location
Extent Size
SOCIAL SCIENCE India – Size and location Republic of India/ Bharat Indian New Delhi 32,87,263 sq km. (2.42 % of the earth’s land surface) (1) In the southern part of the Asian continent. (2) In the head of the Indian ocean. (3) At the head of the Indian ocean. : Latitude – 8o4 N’ to 37o6 N : Longitude – 68o E to 97o 25’ E : India is the seventh largest country in the world. Six other ountries larger than India are – : : : : :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Russia Canada USA China Brazil Australia
17.07 million sq. km. 9.97 m. sq. km. 9.66 m. sq. km. 95.6 m. sq. km. 8.51 m. sq. km. 7.68 m. sq. km.
The north – South extant of India is approximately 3,214 m. In East West extant of India is 2.933 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4.
1. 2. 3. 4.
India’s Frontier :India has a land boundary of about 15,200 km. The total coast line of our country is 7,517 km or 7,516.6 km Imaginary Line :Tropic of Cancer (231/2N) passes almost of middle of the Indian subcontinent. It passes from Rann of Kachchh in the west to Mizoram in the East. Indian states from which Tropic of Cancer passes are – Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand West Bangal, Tripura, Mizorum. Tropic of cancer divided Indian into two parts i.e. above Tropic of cancer there is subtropical India, below Topic of Cancer there is Tropical India. The Standard Meridian. 82o 30E is selected as Indian standard Meridan. It is almost middle meridian of India Its time is considered as the standard throughout India. 82o30 E meridian passes through Mizapul in uttarpradesh Indian Peninsula :- India is a peninsula because it is surrounded by water from there sides i.e. Boy of Bengal in the east, Arabian sea in the west and Indian Ocean in the south. Indian states and Union Territoris :- There are 28 states and 7 Union Terriories. Neighbouring Conutries : India shares its land boundaries with China, Napal, Bhutan in the, Pakistan & Afghanistan in the North = west, Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east, Srilanka and Maldives in the south. Groups of Islands :1. Andaman & Nicobar island (Bay of Bengal)
MANISH KUMAR
SOCIAL SCIENCE 2. Lakshadweep Island (Arabian sea)
MANISH KUMAR Island States :-
SOCIAL SCIENCE There are 19 states in Indian with no coast line. The state with longest coaslime :- Gujarat
Latitudinal extent of Andaman & Nicobar Island : 6o4 N to 13o45 N longitudinal extant of Andaman & nicobar Island :- 92o 25’ E to 94oE Lakshadeep – 10oN to 13o N/ 72o E to 75o E Poorvanchal or the seven sisters :- Seven states in the eastern part of India are called poorvanchal. They are :- Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizorum, Tripura Maghalaya. India’s Population :- (2nd largest country in the world) Censue 1991 2001
Population 846 million 1027 million
Density (per sq. km.) 267 324
Largest state (area)- Rajasthan (3,42 , 239 sq km.) Smallest State (area) Goa (3, 702 sq. km.) Most populated state – Uttarpradesh. The southernmost tip of mainland of India :- Kanyakumari (8o4 N) The southerm most point of the Repulilc of India : Indira Point (8o4’ N)
MANISH KUMAR
SOCIAL SCIENCE
EXERICES -1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
b 8. 9.
10. 11.
12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
17.
18. 19.
What is the official name of India ? (A) Hindustan (B) Bharat (C) Bharatvarsha (D) Aryava rta What is the eastern most longitude India. (A) 97o27’ E (B) 72o10E (C) 6807 E (D) 97o 25E What is the latitudinal extent of India ? (A) 6o4N to 30o6N (B) 7o4 to 37o6 N (C) 8o4 N to 37o6 N (D) 4o3 N to 3500’N What is length of the Indian Land boundary ? (A) 7010 km. (B) 5310 km. (C) 7516.6 km. (D) 3200 km. What is the length of the Indian Land boundary ? (A) 12000Km. (B) 15000 Km. (C) 15,200 Km. (D) 10,100 Km. Name of the parallel to latitude which divides India into almost two equal parts. (A) Equator (B) Tropic of Capricorn (C) Arctic circle (D) Tropic of cancer From which state the tropic of Cancer does not pass ? (A) Gujarat (B) Bihar (C) West Bangal (D) Mizoram Fro m which latitude the tropic of Cancer passes. (A) 20oN (B) 231/2 S (C) 231/2N (D) 661/2 N What is longitudinal extent of India ? (A) 67o 4E to 96o2 E (B) 62o3 E to 95o12 E (C) 68o7 E to 97o25 E (D) 64o4 E to 96o25 E Uttaranchal Uttar, Pradesh, Bihar West Bangal and Sikkem leave common frontiers with (A) China (B) Bhutan (C) Nepal (D) Myanmar If you intend to visit kavartti during your summer vacation, which one of the following, Union Territories of India you will be going to (A) Pondicharry (B) Daman and Diu (C) Andaman and Nicobar (D) Lakshadweep Which longitude represent the standard meridian of India ? (A) 81o30 E (B) 82o32 E (C) 0o (D) 82o30 E Which triangular shape country lies to the southof the Lakshadeep Island ? (A) Maldives (B) Bangladesh (C) Srilanka (D) Napel What is the southern most point to the Indian Union ? (A) kanya kumari (B) Leh (C) Indira Point (D) Keralal Which is the largest country in the world ? (A) Russia (B) India (C) China (D) Canacla Which canal shortened the distance between India and Europe ? (A) Panama Canal (B) Suez Canal (C) Indira Gandhi Canal (D) None of these Name of group of island in Arabian sea. (A) Goa (B) Lakshdweep (C) Andaman & Nicobar (D) None of these Name of southern neighbour of India other than srilanka ? (A) Lakshadweep (B) Maldives (C) Bangladesh (D) Afghanistan Name the Ocean which lies in south of India.
MANISH KUMAR (A) Indian Ocean
SOCIAL SCIENCE (B) Pacific Ocean
(C) Arctic Ocean
(D) Atlanitc Ocean
MANISH KUMAR 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
28. 29. 30. 31. 32.
33. 34.
SOCIAL SCIENCE
Which water body lies to the east of India ? (A) Arabian Sea (B) Indian Ocean (C) Boy f Bangal (D) Arctic ocean Which western most point of India lies at 68o7 E ? (A) Rann of Kachchh (B) Rajasthan (C) Maharashtra (D) Mizoram What name is taken by the earth to rotate through of 1o of longitude ? (A) 4 minutes (B) 5 minutes (C) 6 minutes (D) none qfthese Which is the largest of our country ? (A) Raj asthan (B) Madhya Pradesh (C) Uttarpradesh (D) Kerala Which one the following is the smallest state in India ? (area) (A) Sikkim (B)Tripura (C) Goa (D) Kerala What is the India’s share of the total area of the earth surface (A) 4% (B) 2.24 % (C) 2.5 % (D) 4.4% Name the island of India which is an active volcano ? (A) Arabian Sea (B) Lakshadweep (C) Andaman (D) None of them Name the waterbody which lies in western part of India ? (A) Arabian Sea (B) Red Sea (C) Andaman and Nicobar (D) Greenland Which is the largest populated state in our country ? (A) Madya Pradesh (B) Kerala (C) Uttar Pradesh (D) West Bangal th Which is the 7 largest country in the world (area wise) (A) Canada (B) India (C) China (D) Brazil Which is the largest country in the world in term of population ? (A) Russia (B) China (C) India (D) Canada What is place in India is situated on three sea ? (A) Kanayakumari (B) Indira Point (C) Kolkata (D) Rameshwaram What is the total area of India ? (A) 32,65,105 sq. km. (B) 32,42,136 sq. km. (C) 32,87,293 sq. km (D) 32,87,263. 3 sq. km. What is the time difference between western most and eastern most tip of India ? (A) 2 hours (B) 3 hours (C) 4 hours (D) 5 hours Which country is our western neighbour ? (A) China (B) Myanmar (C) Pakistan (D) Srilanka
Que. Ans. Qus. Ans. Que.
1 B 16 B 31
2 D 17 B 32
3 C 18 B 33
4 C 19 A 34
5 C 20 C
ANSWER KEY 6 7 8 9 A B C C 21 22 23 24 A A A A
10 C 25 B
11 D 26 A
12 D 27 A
13 C 28 C
14 C 29 B
15 A 30 B
MANISH KUMAR Ans. A
SOCIAL SCIENCE C
A
C
MANISH KUMAR
SOCIAL SCIENCE
EXERCISE - 2 1.
The sun rises two hours earlier in eastern parts of Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Jaislamer in the west but the watches show the same time” Comment on this statement.
2.
Wny is central location of India at the head of the Indian Ocean considered of great significance ?
3.
Give an accoune of countries which are larger and smaller than India (three each)
4.
Describe the affects of India’s Latitudinal and Longitudinal expanse.
5.
Give reasons : (i)
While” the sun has already rise in Arunachal Pradesh. It is still dark in Gujrat, Rajasthan.
(ii) 82o30 E has been selected as the standared maridina of India. (iii) Ahmadabad sees the sun over head twice a year. (iv) Why has Maghalaya been named as such. (v) India as often referred to as subcontinent 6.
Identify the following with the help of map reading. (i) The Island groups of India lying in the Arabian sea and the Bay of Bangal. (ii) The countries constituting Indian subcontinent. (iii) The states through which the Tropic of Caner passes (iv) The southernmost tip of Indian Union and the mainland. (v) The northernmost latitude in degrees. (vi) The easternmost and the westernmost latitude in degrees. (viii) The southernmost latitude of the Indian mainland in degrees. (ix) The place situated on the three seas. (x) The strait separating sri Lanka from India.
MANISH KUMAR
SOCIAL SCIENCE
