Mīrzā Yaḥyā Nūrī Ṣubḥ-i-Azal (d. 1912) (From H.C. Lukach The Fringe of the East , 1913, ac!"# $. 2%&)
'"ok!"# h* +**" or-d /" acro!c $ray*r 0y Mīrzā Yaḥyā Nūrī u0ḥ!/za*-*c!o", 4!o#ra$hy, 5ra"-a!o" a"d 5*6
N. ah!d /za-
'"roduc!o" 7ur!"# h* $a d*cad* a u0a"!a- "um0*r o h* 8r!!"# o h* /za-ī 4ā0ī (!.*. Bayānī )1 $ar!arch a"d -*ad*r Mīrzā Yaḥyā Nūrī Ṣubḥ-i-Azal (h* 7a8" o r*:*r"!y) (d. 1912) ha* #radua--y *m*r#*d rom h* o0cur!y a"d d!c!$-!"ary "*#-*c h*y 8*r* r*-*#a*d o or "*ar-y a c*"ury. / a r*u- h** /ra0!c a"d *r!a" $!r!ua- 8r!!"# o a c*"ra- !#ur* o h* "!"***"h c*"ury post-Islamic 2 4ā0ī mo*m*" ar* "o8 com!"# !"o h* -ar#*r ocu o 0oh *"hu!a a 8*-- a a *8 acad*m!c $*c!a-! !" '-am!c ud!*. 5h! ha occurr*d !" -ar#* m*aur* ha"k o h* *or o h* 'ra"!a" 4ayā"ī commu"!y !*- !" -au"ch!"# h* 8*0!* 4aya"!c.com !" -a* 2;;& 8h*r* h*y ha* $ro#r*!*-y o$*"*d u$ h*!r o8" $r!a* ma"ucr!$ co--*c!o" o h* ou!d* 8or-d. /dd!!o"a--y h* d!#!a-!za!o" o /ra0!c a"d *r!a" 4ā0ī M++. co--*c!o" 0y r!"c*o" <"!*r!y L!0rary a 8*-- a h* 4!0-!oh=>u* Na!o"a-* !" ar!, amo"# oh*r, ha -!k*8!* a--o8*d or a 0**r #au#* !" a*!"# h* "aur* o h** 8r!!"# a 8*-- a h* o*ra-- cor$u curr*"-y aa!-a0-* (!"c-ud!"# h* "um0*r o ma"ucr!$ *6*m$-ar *6!*") ha" 8a oh*r8!* $o!0-* a a $r*!ou a#*. 3 +cho-ar-y d*0a* cou$-*d 8!h, a"d o*" !"orm*d 0y, *car!a" co"ro*r!* ra#!"# o*r (a"d 0*yo"d) h* !"*r"* urrou"d!"# h* *6ac "aur* o h* or!#!"a- 4ā0ī
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/-hou#h h* *rm Azalī a"d a"d Azalī Bābī ha ha #a!"*d 8!d* curr*"cy !"c* h* -a* "!"***"h c*"ury, ! ! "o"*h*-* !"accura* a"d or!#!"a--y o"* o $*?ora!* d*r!!o" !r co!"*d 0y h* 4ahā@ī a"d h*" u"cr!!ca--y r*$*a*d. *r h* ou"d*r@ o8" 8r!!"#, a 8*-- a h* co"!"ua- !"!*"c* o h! commu"!y !*-, h* $ro$*r *rm o d*!#"a!o" hou-d 0* Bayānī , ha !, o--o8*r o h* Bayān, !.*. h* c*"ra- $roo*6 o h! cr**d. For a #*"*ra- d!cu!o" o h! commu"!y, ** 7*"! Mac:o!"@ EIr (:"cyc-o$*d!a (:"cyc-o$*d!a 'ra"!ca) *"ry A/B/L 4D4'+ME, a-hou#h 8* cau!o" h* r*ad*r a o a *8 o h* auhor@ o*ra-- co"c-u!o" ha r*>u!r* om* -!#h r*!!o". No* h*r* 8* 8!-- 0* u!"# Bābī , Bābism Azalī , Bayānī a"d a"d h* religion of the Bayān !"*rcha"#*a0-y. 2 * $-ac* post-Islamic !" !" !a-!c h*r* 0*cau* h! !u* "**d o 0* h!#h-!#h*d rom h* ou*. +** mor* 0*-o8. 3 !h h* *6c*$!o" o -!ho#ra$h *d!!o" u"d*rak*" 0y h* 4ayā"ī commu"!y !*- o 8o ma?or 8ork o u0ḥ!/za- o#*h*r 8!h a !"#-* a"ho-o#y o-um* co"!!"# o d*o!o"a- $!*c* 0y 0oh h* 4ā0 a"d u0ḥ! /za- ($u0-!h*d !" 'ra" 0*8**" h* -a* 19&; o m!d 19%;) !.* ! "ustay#īz (5*hra"G ".d.), "utammim$ul-Bayān (5*hra"G ".d.) a"d "a%m&'i-i-(thār-i-)u#ta-i-*lā "a%m&'i-i-(thār-i-)u#ta-i-*lā +a Ṣubḥ-i-Azal (".$., ".d.) h* 0u-k o "*ar-y a-- o h** 8ork ha* r*ma!"*d !" ha"d8r!*" ma"ucr!$ orm amo "# ar!ou **r" u"!*r!y -!0rary M+. co--*c!o", or oh*r8!* $r!a*-y h*-d, or "*ar-y a c*"ury. 5h* r!"c*o" 4ā0ī co--*c!o" o !--!am M. M!--*r (& o-um* !" a-- a"d or!#!"a--y 0ou#h rom +aIīd Jhā" Jurd!ā"ī) ! h* o"-y *6c*$!o" h*r* !" ha ! 8a 0*>u*ah*d 0y ! o8"*r o ha !"!u!o" o"-y !" h* -a* 19%;K*ar-y 19;. 5h! co--*c!o" ha "o8 0**" mad* d!#!a- a"d $u0-!c a o 2;11, 0u o"-y o h* m!cro!-m mad* o ! co"*" !" h* -a* 19;, ** h$GKK-!08*0.$r!"c*o".*duK!ua-ma*r!a-K4a0!K-!!"#.hm- (acc**d h$GKK-!08*0.$r!"c*o".*duK!ua-ma*r!a-K4a0!K-!!"#.hm (acc**d 13 March 2;13). +!"c* h* *or o :.. 4ro8"* h!m*-, a"d u"!- a!r-y r*c*"-y, "o y*ma!c a*m$ 8a mad* o udy h* 8ork o u0ḥ!/za0*-o"#!"# o h* 4ro8"* co--*c!o" a Cam0r!d#* <"!*r!yG a co--*c!o" ha ho-d h* mo *6*"!* "um0*r o !-* amo"# a"y !"#-* co--*c!o" o u0ḥ!/za-@ cor$u ou!d* o ha 0*-o"#!"# o h* 'ra"!a" 4ayā"ī commu"!y. 5h* Cam0r!d#* co--*c!o" !-- r*ma!" o 0* d!#!a-!z*d, a-hou#h 8* ud!*d h* 0u-k o ! r *-*a" co"*" $*ro"a--y dur!"# h* umm*r o 2;11, ** ./. N!cho-o" A ,escripti+e ,escripti+e atalogue of the .riental "//! "//! belonging to the late E!0! Bro1ne (Cam0r!d#*G Cam0r!d#* <"!*r!y <"!*r!y r*, 1932), 3O, *$. %&, %9 (o-.. (o-.. F.2P F.3F.2)P ** a 8*-- M. C-*m*" Huar Q )ote sur trois ou+rages Babis,R 2ournal Asiati#ue (ar!) 1; (O*m* *r!* 1OO)G 133&&, 8h!ch d*a!- h* M++. o o hr** !m$ora" 8ork o u0ḥ!/za- !-- h*-d 0y h* 4!0-!oh=>u* Na!o"a-*.
mo*m*"& ha* -!k*8!* #*"*ra*d !"*r* !" om* >uar*r r*#ard!"# h! 0ar*-y ud!*d y* ac!"a!"# ("o o m*"!o" $!oa-) c*"ra- !#ur* o *ar-y a"d m!dd-* 4ā0!mG h* ma" !r drama!ca--y r*$r**"*d !" **r" $r!" 0y h* co"ro*r!a- Fr*"ch d!$-oma a"d rac!a-! So*$h /rhur Com* d* o0!"*au (d. 1OO2) !" h! 3es religions et les philosophies 4ans k"o8" o $o*r!y a l5asie centrale (1O%%) a 0*!"# h* ucc*or o h* 'ra"!a" h*r*!arch k"o8" % h* Bāb (h* a*) (d. 1O;). N*#-*c o h! !#ur* hrou#hou h* 8*"!*h c*"ury 8a du* !" -ar#* m*aur* o h* 4ahā@ī !"-u*"c* *6*r*d o*r h* acad*m!c udy o h* 4ā0ī mo*m*" a ocu a o"c* *6c-u!*-y *car!a" a"d $ur*-y !d*o-o#!ca- !" co$*, **" 8h*" $r**"d!"# o
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5ha !, 8h*" co"*6ua--y co "*6ua--y (a"d >u!* corr*c-y) d!aoc!a*d rom ! -a*r 4ahā@ī (m!)a$$ro$r!a!o" a"d co"-a!o", ** 7*"! Mac:o!" From Babism to Baha6ism7 problems of militancy #uietism an4 conflation in the construction of a religionR 8eligion 13 (19O3)G 2192. For a" !"orm*d r*am*" o h* /za-ī4ahā@ī d!!!o", h* 8ork o :.. 4ro8"* r*ma!" *6*m$-ary a-hou#h om*8ha ouda*d. +** *$*c!a--y h! A Tra+ellers )arrati+e 9ritten to Illustrate the Episo4e of the Bāb, To-um* 2 (Cam0r!d#*G Cam0r!d#* <"!*r!y r*, 1O91), /$$*"d!6G No* , 3&99;, a"d h* !"roducory comm*" o h! ra"-a!o" a"d *d!!o" o Tārī:h-i-2a4ī4 or )e1 ;istory of "īrzā 'Alī "uḥamma4 the Bāb by "īrzā ?@- R /tu4ia Iranica, 1O (19O9)G 93129. :*" hou#h a $ur$or*d-y h!or!ca- cr!!cacr!!ca- $!*c*, Sua" .'. Co-*@ Q The Azalī,R !" /tu4ies in "o4ern 8eligions 8eligious Bahā$ī risis of /eptember => ,R 8eligious "o+ements an4 the Bābī-Bāhā$ī Bābī-Bāhā$ī faiths, *d. Moh* +haro" (L*!d*"G :.S. 4r!--, 2;;&), 222, hou-d 0* ha"d-*d 8!h a d*#r** o cau!o" a 0oh h* hru a 8*-- a h* *-*c!*-y $ar!a- ourc* *m$-oy*d 0y h* auhor 0*ray a com$-**-y -o$!d*d, *"d*"!ou *"d*"!ou a"d ra"$ar*"-y $ro4ahā@ī h!or!o#ra$h!ca- 0!a o" h* >u*!o", a *aur* a-o "o!c*d r*c*"-y 0y Ham!d 7a0ah! r*#ard!"# om* o Co-*@ oh*r 4ahā@ī r*-a*d ud!*P ** 7a0ah!@ $*r!"*" comm*" !" Islamic ou -*d#*, 2;;O), 2%9"19 a"d *$. 2%"3&P Co-*@ 0!a 3iberation Theology7 8esisting the Empire (N*8 York U Lo"do"G ou-*d#*, ! a-o "o!c*a0-* !" h* -!$$a" a"d om*8ha cau!c !"roducory r*mark mad* 0y h!m !" h! ra"-a!o" o +u0ḥ!/za-@ Treatise on Cingship, H4aha!, 5ra"-a!o" o +haykh!, 4a0! a"d 4aha@! 5*6, o-.O, "o.1, Vco0*r 2;;&. +** h$GKKarch!*.or#Kd*a!-K-*r*-!#!o"*-*;3#o0!uo h$GKKarch!*.or#Kd*a!-K-*r*-!#!o"*-*;3#o0!uo (acc**d (acc**d 1& March 2;13). +ur$r!!"#-y a r*c*" :"#-!h ra"-a!o" o h* r*-*a" 4ā0ī *c!o" o o0!"*au@ 8ork om! !" *"!r*y h* *c!o" o h* "arra!* d*a-!"# 8!h +u0ḥ!/za- a"d h! *ar-y m!"!ry, ** ra". 7. V@7o"o#hu* U *d. . Nah, omte 4e 0obineau an4 .rientalism7 /electe4 Eastern 9ritings (N*8 YorkG ou-*d#*, 2;;9). o0!"*au@ "arra!* o h* $o 4ā0 $*r!od o h* 1O; (c-a!!*d 0y Mac:o!" a h* $*r!od o W "i44le Babism@, 0*!"# h* $*r!od 8h*" 8 h*" +u0ḥ! /za- 8a d**m*d h* u$r*m* $o"! o h* 4ā0ī *cc-*!a), a-0*! #ar0-*d a"d !"accura* !" a *8 !"a"c*, "**rh*-* r*$r**" a !#"!!ca" a$*c o h* or!#!"a- 8ork@ 4ā0ī accou", "o o m*"!o" ! 8a c*ra!"-y 0a*d o" h* accou" $ro!d*d 0y )u#Dat$&l-Cāf (** (** 0*-o8 or mor* o" h! $r!mary $r !mary ourc*). % +** /.L.M. N!co-a +Xyy=d /-! Mohamm*d, d! -* 40 (ar!G 7u?arr!c, 19;), 8h!ch !-- a"d a h* mo *6*"!* 0!o#ra$hy o h* 4ā0 u"d*rak*" !" a"y -a"#ua#*P ** a-o 7*"! Mac:o!"@ EIr *"ryA4D4, *"ryA4D4, +/YY:7 I/LMVZ/MM/7 [DBE. [ DBE. For mor* r*c*" **r" acad*m!c -!*raur* d*a-!"# 8!h h* *ar-y 4ā0ī mo*m*", ! !#ur* a"d docr!"*, ** 7*"! Mac:o!" The "essiah of /hiraz7 /tu4ies in Early an4 "i44le Babism (L*!d*"G :.S. 4r!--, 2;;9)P /00a /ma"a 8esurrection an4 8ene1al7 The "a:ing of the Babi mo+ement in Iran =>-?@ ('hacaG Cor"*-<"!*r!y r*, 19O9P r*$r!"*d, Lo /"#*-*G Ja-!ma r*, 2;;)P /rm!" :chra#h! Fruhe /aihi-un4 Babitheologie7 ,ie ,arlegung 4er Be1eise fur "uhamma4s beson4eres rophetentum ( Ar-8isala fi Itbat an-)ubu1a an-)ubu1a al-;assa) (L*!d*"G :.S. 4r!--, 2;;&)P Zam!d 7a0ah! /hi$ism7 A 8eligion of rotest (HarardG (HarardG 4*-k"a$ r* o Harard <"!*r!y, 2;11), ch$. %P a"d, *$*c!a--y, 5odd La8o"@ r*c*" 0nostic Apocalypse an4 Islam7 Gur$an EHegesis "essianism an4 the 3iterary .rigins of the Babi 8eligion (Lo"do" a"d N*8 YorkG ou-*d#*, 2;11)P ** a-o our *- $u0-!h*d Q 2ourney 1ith me unto the ,i+ine Throne7 A short response by the Essence Essence of the /e+en 3etters 3etters the Bāb 4! =>?@J =>?@J on the ars operati+a of the EliHir ,R ,R (2;11) h$GKK888.cr!0d.comKdocK%%9;19&KSour"*y!hM*<"oh* 7!!"*5hro"* (acc**d 7!!"*5hro"* (acc**d 1 March 2;13). “
acad*m!c cho-arh!$ ha 8!"**d u0ḥ!/za- r*-*#a*d o oo"o* a, a 0*, a mar#!"a- !#ur* o h* mo*m*"P or, a 8or, !c!ou-y ma-!#"*d a, or *6am$-*, hrou#hou o!c!a- 4ahā@ī -!*raur*.O 5h* y*ma!c, !"!u!o"a- a*m$ 0y h* 4ahā@ī o*r h* cour* o h* 8*"!*h c*"ury o u$$r*, d!or, or oh*r8!* o0uca* h* 0!o#ra$hy a"d o*ra-- situs o u0ḥ!/za- (-* a-o"* a"y ad*>ua* r*$r**"a!o" o h! 8r!!"# a"d !*8) hou-d "o 0* u"d*r*!ma*d. 9 Luck!-y h* *or o h* $a d*cad* ar* "o8, -o8-y 0u ur*-y, 0*#!""!"# o cha"#* a-- ha a ma"y o ho* 4ahā@ī "arra!* a"d 4ahā@ī !"-u*"c*d h!or!o#ra$h!* o 4ā0!m ar* "o8 !"cr*a!"#-y 0*!"# cha--*"#*d 0y h* *!d*"c* o !m$ora" $r!mary ourc* ma*r!a- ha om* o h! -!*raur* r*$r**".1; 5ha a*d, h* $ray*r, !"oca!o"Ku$$-!ca!o" a"d #*"*ra- d*o!o"a- $!*c* (!.*. munā%āt ) o u0ḥ!/za- (8h!ch !" h* 4ā0ī -*6!co" ar* c-a!!*d a a--!"# u"d*r h* *co"d #rad* o 8r!!"# *"um*ra*d 0y ! ou"d*r11) co"!u* u"!>u* -!*rary #*m !" h*!r o8" r!#h ha d**r* #r*a*r cho-ar-y a*"!o" a"d a$$r*c!a!o" !" a"d o h*m*-*. h!-* h* $ro* or $o*!c ou$u o a"y #!*" $!r!ua- !#ur* o '-am!ca* ar* $our*d o*r a"d a"a-y*d 0y h* cho-ar-y commu"!yP $ray*r a"d d*o!o"a- $!*c* ar*
/" *or ha ha y*ma!ca--y $ro?*c*d a d!or*d a"d -a8*d $!cur* o h* mo*m*" a"d ! *ar-y !#ur* a a ma*r o $o-!cy. For *6am$-*, 8!h h* *6c*$!o" o Mac:o!"@ r*ao"a0-y 0a-a"c*d *"r!* !" h* Encyclope4ia Iranica, a-mo "o"* o h* *"r!* auhor*d 0y h* m*m0*r o h* o!c!a- 4ahā@ī cho-ar-y cadr* o" 4ā0ī a"d 4ahā@ī r*-a*d o$!c, 8!h om* "oa0-* *6c*$!o", ar* o 0* ak*" a ac* a-u* 0*cau* a 0u-k o uch *"r!* r*-*c h* 0!a*d, *"d*"!ou, *car!a" -a" a"d h!or!ca- a-!!ca!o" 8* ar* r**rr!"# o. O +a" h* !"*c!* a"d curr!-ou aack r*$-** 8!h!" h* 8ork o h* 4ahā@ī c*"ra- ou"d*r, uch h!"# ar* a r*#u-ar *aur* o !rua--y a-- o!c!a- 4ahā@ī -!*raur* d!cu!"# h* u0?*c a"d "o a *8 co"*m$orary 8ork 0y 4ahā@ī $ur$or!"# o 0* cho-ar-y cho-ar-y a 8*--, uch a, or !"a"c*, Moo?a" Mom*"@ Q The yprus EHiles,R !" o -. %, "o. 1, Su"* 1991, O&113. BahK5L /tu4ies Bulletin, o-. , "o. 3 o-. 9 For co"*6, ** Ta"c* +a-!0ury A ritical EHamination EHamination of /uppression an4 ,istortion in M@th entury Baha$i 3iterature (u"$u0-!h*d ra"cr!$, 199). No* h* curr*" *-*cro"!c *r!o" o h* $!*c* a 0aha@!-!0rary.com ha dro$$*d 8o cruc!a- 8ord rom h* auhor@ or!#!"a- !-*, h$GKK0aha! -!0rary.comKa-!0urycr!!ca-*6am!"a!o"-!*raur* (acc**d -!0rary.comKa-!0urycr!!ca-*6am!"a!o"-!*raur* (acc**d % March 2;13)P ** a 8*--, 7*"! Mac:o!" QBaha$i Fun4amentalism an4 the Aca4emic /tu4y of the Babi "o+ement ,R ,R 8eligion 1% (19O%)G O&. 1; For our $ar, 8* ha* $ *" a #ood $or!o" o h* -a d*cad* r*ad!"# *6*"!*-y hrou#h h! ma*r!a- !" h* M++. a"d !" om* ca* mak!"# ra"-a!o" !" dra o a *8 **"!a-. +** h* ma-- ha"du- o ra"-a!o" 8* ha* a-r*ady ar*d mak!"# $u0-!c o" h* !"*r"*G 1. 1. / ra"-a!o" o o"* o u0ḥ!/za-@ $ray*r rom The Ethics of the /piritually-"in4e4 ( A:hlā# al-8&ḥanīyyīn) o#*h*r 8!h our ummary o h* *r!a" a0r!d#*m*" o h* /ra0!c *6 o h* r*a!* 0y Hā??ī Mīrzā Hādī 7a8-aā0ādī h$GKK8ah!daza-.0-o#$o.comK2;11K;K$ray*r om!rzayahya"ur!u0h!aza-.hm- (acc**d om!rzayahya"ur!u0h!aza-.hm (acc**d 1 March 2;13), 2. a $ray*r 0y u0ḥ!/za- !"ok!"# -!#h h$GKK8ah!daza-.0-o#$o.comK2;12K;Khor$ray*r0yu0h!aza-!"ok!"#.hm- (r*r!**d h$GKK8ah!daza-.0-o#$o.comK2;12K;Khor$ray*r0yu0h!aza-!"ok!"#.hm (r*r!**d 1 March 2;13), rd 3. h* 33 s&rah (cha$*r) o u0ḥ!/za-@ Aḥma4īya, !.*. h! !r 8r!*" a0-* a ucc*or o h* 4ā0 h$GKK888.cr!0d.comKdocK19%33K/hmad!ya+ura33 (acc**d h$GKK888.cr!0d.comKdocK19%33K/hmad!ya+ura33 (acc**d 1 March 2;13) a"d &. h* o$*"!"# s&rah (cha$*r) o h* Boo: of 3ight ( (:itāb al-n&r ) h$GKK888.cr!0d.comKdocK2;;%39%KFrom4ookoL!#h h$GKK888.cr!0d.comKdocK2;;%39%KFrom4ookoL!#h (acc**d (acc**d 1 March 2;13). 11 5h* !*o-d $*"ad!c d!!!o" (or h* W fi+e gra4es@) o h* 8r!!"# o h* 4ayā"ī cr!$ura- cor$u 8*r* d!!d*d 0y h* 4ā0 a o--o8G 1. āyāt (/ra0!c *r* !" !m!a!o" o h* Gur$ān)P 2. munā%āt (do6o-o#!*, (do6o-o#!*, $ray*r a"d !"oca!o", !.*. !" /ra0!c)P 3. 3. :huDba (*rmo", !.*. !" /ra0!c), or, a-*r"a!*-y, shu$&n-i-'ilmīya (c!*"!!c a"d $h!-oo$h!ca- r*a!*, !.*. uua--y !" /ra0!c 0u may a-o !"c-ud* *r!a" rac)P &.&. tafsīr (cr!$ura (cr!$uracomm*"ary, !.*. !" /ra0!c), a"d . . fārsī (8ork (8ork !" *r!a"), ** The Boo: of the Fi+e 0ra4es (Citāb-i-an% /ha$n) (".d. ".$.).
*-dom ak*" !"o mor* car*u-, a"a-y!ca- co"!d*ra!o",12 a"d 8* 0*-!** h! o 0* a m!ak* 0*cau* !" h* $ray*r a"d !"oca!o"Ku$$-!ca!o" o h** !#ur* a !ruar*aur* ro* ca" 0* ou"d 8h*r* a #r*a d*a- o docr!"a- a 8*-- a oh*r $*r!"*" !"orma!o" ca" 0* #-*a"*d !" co"d*"*d, ummar!z*d ah!o", "o o m*"!o" 8h*r* h* !0ra" !""*r -!* o h** !#ur* !"d ! mo *-*#a", *ca!c a"d a"!ma*, $*ro"a*6$r*!o". /*r a--, !" 0oh ! r!ua- a"d "o"r!ua- orm, !" ! ormu-a*d or $o"a"*ou ar!*!*, $ray*r co"!u* a c*"r*$!*c* o h* $rac!ca-, d*o!o"a- -!* o a-mo **ry Mu-!m !" a"y *ra o '-am!c c!!-!za!o". / H*"ry Cor0!" $o!"*d ou, $ray*r $*rorm a c*"ra- u"c!o" !" a"y docr!"*.13 u0ḥ!/za-@ $ray*r a"d d*o!o"a- !"oca!o" (8h!ch *6*rc!* a $!oa- ro-* !" h* 4ayā"ī docr!"* eo ipse) ar*, o u, amo"# om* o h* !"*, mo !"$!r!"# a"d 0*au!u- $*c!m*" o 0* ou"d amo"# h! 8ork, a"d h** $!*c* ha* or u d!!--*d a #r*a d*a- o !"orma!o" o*r h* y*ar a0ou u0ḥ!/za- h!m*- a"d h! d**$*r !"!#h !"o h* $!r!ua- -!* a"d h* #r*a*r my*r!*. / uch 8* *ry much a#r** 8!h Cor0!" ha $ray*r a"d !"oca!o" co"!u* h* u$r*m* orm o a #!*" auhor@ reati+e Imagination a"d o h* co"umma* ma""*r o h*!r *6$r**d !"!#h. / a**d 0y h*!r r!ch a"d a!r-y "um*rou $ray*r a"d d*o!o"a- $!*c*, !" 0oh h* 4ā0 a"d h! ucc*or u0ḥ!/za- h! ! *m!"*"-y h* ca*.1& Mor*o*r, a"d 0*yo"d h* $!ou or a"y m*r* a*h*!c co"!d*ra!o", $ray*r a"d !"oca!o" ar* om*!m* **" h*-d amo"# om* !m$ora" *#m*" o h! $!r!uau"!*r* a 0*ar!"# !mu-a"*ou-y a !#"!!ca" (a"d dar* 8* ay, a $rac!ca-) occu- or ma#!ca- u"c!o"a-!y. h!-* h* $ray*r ha ! h* u0?*c o h* $r**" d!cu!o" do* "o *ch"!ca--y a-- u"d*r h* ru0r!c o h* occu- or ma#!ca- (!.*. 'ul&m :hafīya or 'ul&m gharībaKr&ḥānīya) uch *aur* occurr!"# !" a0u"da"c* *-*8h*r* !" h* 8r!!"# o u0ḥ !/za-1 "**rh*-* du* o ! o$*"-y h*oo$h!ca- co"*", o#*h*r 8!h ! acro!c 12
r**"-y o"-y a !"#-* u---*"#h mo"o#ra$h co *r h! !m$ora" ar*a, "am*-y, Co"a"c* :. ad8!ck@ "uslim ,e+otions7 A /tu4y of rayer-"anuals in ommon Nse (Lo"do"G +..C.J., 19%1P r*$r!"*d, Lo"do"G V"*8or-d, 199%). 13 H*"ry Cor0!", Alone 1ith the Alone7 Alone7 reati+e Imagination Imagination in the /ufism of Ibn 'Arabī 'Arabī (r!"c*o"G (r!"c*o"G r!"c*o" <"!*r!y r*, 199O), 2&%. 1& '" **r" acad*m!c $ r!", 0*!d* :.. 4ro8"* a"d 7*"! Mac:o!"@ ,i+isions ar!c-* c!*d a0o*, h* o "-y 0a-a"c*d a"d $ro$*r-y co"*6ua-!z*d r*am*" o h* >u*!o" o u0ḥ!/za-@ ucc*!o" o h* 4ā0 !-r*ma!" /.L.M. N!co-a@ Gue est le successeur 4u BabO (ar!G L!0ra!r!* d\/m*r!>u* * d\Vr!*", 1933). +*$*hr Ma"ouch*hr!@ Q9ill an4 Testament of the rimal ointP **arch No* !" +haykh!, 4a0! a"d 4aha@' +ud!*, To-. , "o. 2 (H4aha!G +*$*m0*r, 2;;&) 0*!"# o"* o **ra **ra- *am*"ary docum*" 8h*r*!" u0ḥ!/za- 8a *6$-!c!-y "om!"a*d 0y h* 4ā0 o*r a #ood #*"*ra- a"a-y! o, a"d *m!cr!!ca- r*ad!"# rom, our *r!o" o h* docum*" (hr** rom -!ho#ra$h *d!!o" a"d o"* rom a y$*cr!$). 4u h* 8ho-* ar!c-* u*r rom !u* o o-*c!m !" d!c!o", y-*, $*--!"#, "o o m*"!o", !" our !*8, !"corr*c !"*r$r*a!o" o $aa#*. +** a-o our ra"-a!o", h$GKK888.cr!0d.comKdocK13&;&9111K!--5*am*"oh*4a0 h$GKK888.cr!0d.comKdocK13&;&9111K!--5*am*"oh*4a0 (acc**d (acc**d 2 /$r!2;12). * 8!-- 0* r*ur"!"# o h* !-- a"d 5*am*" o h* 4ā0 a#a!" !" h* "*ar uur* !" ord*r o $ro!d* a mor* cr!!ca- r*ad!"# (a 8*-- a a com$-** ra"-a!o" o h* 8ho-* *$!-*, 8h!ch Ma"ouch*hr! do* "o o*r, "or our !" h* !r dra o 2;;&) a"d "o8 8!h **ra- mor* com$-** M++. *r!o" a our d!$oa- ha" h* m*r* our or!#!"a--y *6$-!ca*d 0y Ma"ouch*hr!. 1 L* u !"a"c* h*r* o"* o h* co"c-ud!"# $ray*r !" h* -o"#*r /ra0!c M+. ($r!a*) o u0ḥ!/za-@ The Ethics of the /piritually-"in4e4 ( A:hlā# al-8&ḥanīyīn al-8&ḥanīyīn) ("o h* o"* r**r*"c*d a0o*) 8h*r*, much -!k* a-4ū"ī (d. 122) or a"y o h* oh*r o h*r auhor 8r!!"# !" h! #*"r*, u0ḥ!/za- *6$-!c!-y !"ok* h* H*0r*8 5*ra#rammao"
arra"#*m*", ! a-o 0*ar om* o ho* am* ha--mark !m$-!c!-y (8* 8ou-d ay, **" >u!* ra"$ar*"-y). '" hor, hrou#h our $ray*r 0*-o8 ! auhor !"*"d o !"ok* h* d!!"!y o h* 4ā0 h!m*-P ha !, h* m*a$hy!ca- r*a-!y o h* 4ā0 a h* *r*c Ma" (insān :āmil), h* ma"!*a!o" o h* r!ma- !-- (mashīyat al-&lā), h* a-!ma"!c*m$-* o h* d!!"* (hay:al al-ilāhīya ) a"d r!ma- o!" (nu#Dat al-&lā) o 8hom u0ḥ!/za- ! h*-d !" h* 4ayā"ī $*r$*c!* o u"c!o" !" h* ca$ac!y o M!rror ( mir$āt ) a !" h* r*-a!o"h!$ o I/-ī, h* a*, o h* C!y o J"o8-*d#* ha ! Muḥammad.1% No8 om* r*mark r*#ard!"# h* post-Islamic au o 4ā0!m ar* !" ord*r h*r*, 8h!ch ! a "*c*ary d!#r*!o", 0*or* o*r!"# u0ḥ!/za-@ 0!o#ra$hy. / o$$o*d o 4ahā@!m, 8ho u"a0ah*d-y a"d ca*#or!ca--y d*!"* !*- 0*yo"d h* $a-* o '-am (a"d 0*yo"d h* $a-* o Islamicate y$o-o#!ca--y u"d*rood a 8*--)P 8!h 4ā0!m, h* r*-!#!o" o h* 4ayā", ma*r ar* "o a ra!#hor8ard a ha 0*cau* h! cr**d *ry much !"ha0! a-- h* co"*6ua- $ac* o Islamicity !" ! $*c!!ca--y 'ra"!a" 58*-*r +hīI! hu*. 5o u"d*rcor* o"* cruc!a- $o!" a a" *6am$-* h*r*G a-- o h* ou"d!"# c*"ra- !#ur* o h* r*-!#!o" o h* 4ayā" (!.*. h* 4ā0 a"d h! *!#h**" L**r o h* L!!"#) ar* h*-d !" h! docr!"* o 0* h* arch*y$a- r*ur" (ra%a'a) o o"* o h* c*"ra!#ur* o h* 58*-*r +hīI! '-am!c $a"h*o" (!.*. od, h* 1& !"a--!0-* a"d h* our #a* o h* H!dd*" 'mām) 8h!-* h* $*ro" o ! $ro?*c*d uur* m*!a"!c u-!-m*" (!.*. WH* 8hom od ha-- mak* Ma"!*@ man yuQhiruhu$3lāh) ! *6$-!c!-y h*-d o 0* h* arch*y$ar*ur" o h* ro$h* Muḥammad Muḥammad (a $!oa- !u* !" h* *6 #-o*d o*r !" oa- !-*"c* !-*"c* 0y h* 4ahā@ī).1 '"d**d or orhodo6 '-am 4ā0!m a"d a o"* o ma"y h!or!car*$r**"a!* o h*r*!ca- ghul&11. Y*, o u, ! a-o $o** o"* o h* r!ch* $o!0!-!!* !" ac!-!a!"# a" ad*>ua* u"d*ra"d!"# o h* u-!ma* meaning o integral Islam a"d ! !""*r cor*, 8h!ch o u r*ma!" h* $r!!"* +hīI!m o h* 'mām. :-*8h*r*1O 8* ha* charac*r!z*d h* r*-!#!o" o h* 4ayā" a a $o'-am!c orm o bāDinī 58*-*r +hīI!m ha r*a-!da* a 8*-- a r*a-or!z* (8h!-* rad!ca--y o8ard h* $ray*r@ c-o!"#. * ha* a-o com* acro "um*rou $ray*r a"d !"oca!o" 0y u0ḥ!/za- 8!h accom$a"y!"# ma#!c >uar* 8h*r* a"#*-!c $r**"c* or $!r! #uard!a" ( mu11a:līn) ar* m*a" o 0* !"ok*dP uch !*m o*" om*!m* arra"#*d a our!#h ma#!ca- o$*ra!o" ( 'amal). 5h** $*c!!c !*m ar* 8ha 8!h!" h* r!ch occu- -!*raur* o '-am ar* uua--y c-a!!*d a 0*!"# mu%arrabāt ($ray*r ($ray*r a"d !"oca!o" ha ha* 0**" WeHperience4@ or h*!r occu-Kma#!ca- *!cacy). Co"ra h! 8!h h* 4ahā@ī 8r!!"# 8h*r* a-- uch *-*m*" ar* *!h*r com$-**-y a0*" or ha* o h*r8!* 0**" a"!!z*d or W*6$-a!"*d a8ay@. 1% For co"*6 o h** !d*a !" ! !mm*d!a* *o*r!c 58*-*r +hīI! co"*6, ** cha$*r &, W5h* r*:6!*"c* o h* 'mam@, !" Mohammad /-! /m!rMo*zz!@ The /pirituality of /hi'i Islam7 Beliefs an4 ractices (Lo"do" a"d N*8 YorkG '.4. 5aur! u0-!h*r a"d 5h* '"!u* o 'māIī-ī +ud!*, 2;11). 1 L* u >uo* a k*y $a a#* rom h* Boo: of the Fi+e 0ra4es (rom h* *c!o" addr**d o ]āh!r!h ^urra@u@- I/y" u"d*r h* h*ad!"# o h* ar!0u* bahā$ K$-*"dour) K$-*"dour) ha 0*au!u--y u"d*rcor* h* $o!"G +ay, *r!-y od ha-- ma"!* H* 8hom od ha-- mak* Ma"!* !" h* ma""*r ?u -!k* H* ma"!**d Muḥammad h* M**"#*r o od rom 0*or*P a"d H* ma"!**d I/-ī 0*or* Muḥammad a*r8ard ho8 H* d*!r*d 0y H! comma"d. T*r!-y H* ! $o8*ru- o*r a-- h!"#_R 1% (my ra".) Cou"-* oh*r *6am$-* uch a h! ca" 0* c!*d 8h*r* *r0a!m or !m!-ar ha* 0**" a*r*d 0y h* 4ā0 r*#ard!"# h* uur* 4ā0ī m*!ah. No"* o h** cruc!a- *6ua- a"d docr!"a- $o!" ha* **r, o our k"o8-*d#*, k "o8-*d#*, 0**" ad*>ua*-y or ho"*-y d*a- 8!h 0y 4ahā@ī -!*raur*. 1O '" our Su-y 2;11 a-k a +V/+ !" Lo"do". “
au#m*"!"#) h* 58*-*r +hīI!* "arra!* !" ! oa- #"o!c a"d *o*r!c $*crum(). 19 '" oh*r 8ord, 8h!-* o" h* ac* o h!"# ! ! c*ra!"-y h**rodo6 o ma!"r*am 58*-*r +hīI! h!"k!"# 8!h h* -!m! o ! *6o*r!c 1eltanschauungP "**rh*-* h*r* ! a-mo "oh!"# un-Islamic or or u"+hīIa a0ou h* r*-!#!o" o h* 4ayā" *!h*r. ' ! 0oh 1ithin h* co"c*$ua- 0ou"dar!* o 58*-*r +hīI!m 8h!-* !mu-a"*ou-y 0*yo"d !. ' ! 0*yo"d ! o"-y 0y !ru* o ! !"!*"c* o" h* !"!"!*, **r"a- a"d u"c*a!"# d!!"* parousia occurr!"# rom o"* cyc-!ca- a#* o h* "*6 (h* 4ā0ī a41ār a"d a"d a:1ār , horou#h-y 'mā@ī-ī !d*a a 8*-- a *rm!"o-o#y o 0* ur*)P 8h*r* h* docr!"* o h* !"a-!y o h* '-am!c r**-a!o"2; 0*com* m*r*-y h* !"a-!y o a $*c!!c hierohistorical $roc* cu-m!"a!"# !" ha $ar!cu-ar cyc-* 8!h h* h!or!ca- Muḥammad. 5h** *"d-* d!!"* cyc-* o hierohistory ar* h*-d o ha* $r*c*d*d h!or!ca- '-am ?u a h*y 8!-- u"o-d *"d-*-y u0*>u*"-y a*r !.21 5h* $r!mary 4ayā"ī cr!$ura- *622 ar#u* ha r**-aory 5h*o$ha"y a"d 8ho WIt @ choo* o *m0ody, "o o m*"!o" ! h!or!ca- d!$*"a!o", ca""o *"d 8!hou h*r* occurr!"# a co"rad!c!o" !" h* d!!"* h*od!cy a"d h* #r*a*r o*r!o-o#y o h!"#. 4u h! ! a-r*ady !" **d orm a 58*-*r +hīI! !d*a o 0*#!" 8!h. 19
* ha* "**r >u!* u"d*rood 8hy !" h! EIr *"ry *"ry 7*"! Mac:o!" !"d h! a "*#a!* $o!", *$*c!a--y 8h*" h* om*8ha cy"!ca--y charac*r!z* /za-ī 4ā0!m (h* r*-!#!o" o h* 4ayā") a a cr**d o"-y ! or a Q_#"o!c *-!*.R 5o u, a -*a, h! $r!mar!-y *r* a ! ch!* ocu o a$$*a-. ha "*!h*r Mac:o!", or oh*r ay!"# h* am*, ha* y* o ad*>ua*-y *6$-a!" ! ho8 h! r*-!#!o" or a Q# "o!c *-!*R 8!h uch $ar* "um0*r ma"a#*d o *6*r uch a ar r*ach!"# !"-u*"c* a"d $roou"d oc!a- r*orm !m$ac o" mod*r" 'ra"!a" h!ory, *$*c!a--y o" ! $o-!!ca- -a"dca$*, $ar!cu-ar-y dur!"# h* $*r!od o h* Co"!u!o"a- *o-u!o" o 19;;9 a"d h*r*a*r. Mac:o!" a*r, Qarado6!ca--y, /za-! co"*ra!m !" r*-!#!ou ma*r **m o ha* $ro!d*d a mar!6 8!h!" 8h!ch rad!ca- oc!a- a"d $o-!!ca- !d*a cou-d 0* $ro$ou"d*d,R 0u h*" ca""o *6$-a!" 8hy, !" h! m!"d, h** 8o ar* "*c*ar!-y !"co"!*", or muua--y *6c-u!*. / r*o-u!o"ary r*-!#!ou mo*m*" -*a"!"# u"dam*"a--y o" a" *o *r!c !"*r$r*a!o" o r*-!#!o" 8ho $ r*ach* h* u-!-m*" o h* *chao" (0u !" a com$-*6 m*a$hy!ca- ah!o") a"d $ro$ou"d a $o-!!ca- $ro#ram ha ca" o"-y 0* d*cr!0*d a a theophanocracy a"d a liberation theosophy ca""o 0u 0* a" *o*r!c r*-!#!o" o h* rad!ca- $o-!!caL*, h*"c* 8hy ! ca" !" ac *6$-!c!-y $ro!d* Qa mar!6 8!h!" 8h!ch rad!ca- o c!a- a"d $o-!!ca- !d*a cou -d 0* $ro$ou"d*d,R a mar!6 ha -a*r o" !"d**d 8!"**d h* u-!ma* do8"a-- o h* ^ā?ār mo"archy. 5h* am* ca" 0* a!d o om* d*#r** o ho* "oa0-* 0roh*rhood a"d 'ra"!a" +ūī ma*r a 8*-- (uch a h* amou `ahīr a-7a8-!h aā@Ia-īhāh a"d Mū"!Ia-īhāh 7hu@-īyāaay" J!rmā"hāhī) 8ho -!k*8!* $ar!c!$a*d o" h* !d* o h* r*o-u!o" dur!"# h* Co"!u!o"a- $*r!od 8h*" !"!u!o"a-!z*d Darī#a +u!m or much o h* "!"***"h c*"ury $r*c*d!"# ! (#*"*ra--y r*ma!"!"# a ho0*d o $ror*#!m* oc!a- co"*ra!m a"d mo-y $o$u-a*d 0y m*m0*r o h* cour ar!ocracy, ur0a" "oa0-* a"d rura- -a"d*d #*"ry) u$ u"!- ha $o!" ac*d ma!"-y a a $!--ar o h* ^ā?ār a*. 2; 4u "o o ! ho-y persons (*$. h* our**" !"a--!0-*) 8ho ar* "o8 ra"orm*d !"o **r"a-, r*occurr!"# arch*y$* 8ho 8!-- h*"c*orh inhabit h*!r h*!r uur*, $hy!ca- loci o d!!"* ma"!*a!o" 0oh !" h* present 4ayā"ī r**-a!o" a h* o!" a"d h! L**r, a"d, mor* !m$ora"-y, !" h* uur* m*!a"!c u-!-m*" o H* 8hom od ha-- mak* Ma"!* k"o8" a-o a h* Mo M!#hy, *$-*"d*" L!#h ( nayyir-i-a'Qam) a"d h* /!d '"ok*d (mustaghāth) 8ho arch*y$a--y a"d a h* Ma"!*a!o" (ca$!a- W " @)@) o h* Muḥammada" >u!"**"c*. 21 /$ro$o ! a amou r*$or (:habar ) ar!0u*d o h* !h +hīI! 'mām Muḥammad a-4ā>!r (d. 13) a"d c!*d !" h* 3Oh cha$*r o '0" 4ā0ūya@ :itāb al-ta1ḥī4, 8h*r* h* 'mām a*r, Q_7o you h!"k h! ! h* o"-y 8or-d od cr*a*d 5ha H* d!d "o cr*a* rac* o huma"!y oh*r ha" you C*ra!"-y "o, or H* ha cr*a*d houa"d u$o" houa"d o 8or-d 8!h houa"d u$o" houa"d o /dam, a"d you d8*-- u$o" o"-y h* -a o h** 8or-d, !" h* m!d o h* -a o h** /dam!c huma"!!*,R c. Mohammad /-! /m!rMo*zz! The /pirituality of /hi'i Islam7 Beliefs an4 ractices, 1O"1. 22 :$*c!a--y hrou#hou h* ersian Bayān (5*hrā"G 19&%) a"d h* Boo: of the Fi+e 0ra4es.
4ā0!m m*r*-y $uh* ! o ! -o#!ca- (or, rah*r, ra4ical) co"c-u!o". 5hu h* ch!* ra"#r*!o" !b! orhodo6 (*a0-!hm*"ar!a") +hīI!m, ! ! ca" **" 0* ca--*d ha, ! 4ā0!m@ u"*>u!oca- c-a!m ha h* 8e+elation co"!"u* a"d 8!-- do o !"!"!*-y or a-**r"!y 0*cau* h*r* ! "o, "or ca" h*r* **r 0*, !"*rru$!o" o od@ h*o$ha"!c *- d!c-our* (ta%allīyāt ).). / uch h* o"-y m*a$hy!ca- !"a-!y a"d *rm!"u !" 4ā0ī docr!"* ! ta1ḥī4 !*-P y* a ta1ḥī4 ha *"d-*-y $ro?*c !*- hrou#h h* mu-!*r* o 8or-d a"d u$o" h* m!rror o h* $-a"* o hierohistory a"d ! cyc-* o d!$*"a!o" !" h* dom!"!o" o h* ma*r!a- u"!*r*. !*" h!, a"y $*rc*!*d ru$ur* 8!h 58*-*r +hīI! '-am ar* !mu-a"*ou-y o"-y "ua"c* or $o!" o *m$ha* m*r*-y a$$ar*" !" ou8ard orm (a"d **" h! ! om*!m* d*0aa0-*), 0u "o !" h* ra?*cor!* o h*!r >u!"**"!a- m*a"!"# or !""*r !"*"!o" a"d hru. u a"oh*r 8ay, h* r*-!#!o" o h* 4ayā" ! 58*-*r +hīI!m u"!*ra-!z*dP !mu-a"*ou-y ! a$oh*o! a 8*-- a ! ei4aic **r"a-!za!o" (**" permutation) 0*yo"d (a !" augmente4) originary !"*"!o"(). 5h* **" a 4adah dur!"# h* umm*r o 1O&O (h* 4ā0ī dramaur#y o /-amū) ar* hu o 0* **" a a dramaur#!car*a$$ra!*m*" r*m!"!c*" o h* h!!"# -ocu o h* #ibla much -!k* 8ha Muḥammad h!m*- *"ac*d !" cha"#!"# a" *ar-!*r ḥanīfī ocu rom S*rua-*m o M*cca. 5h! ! ho8, o u, post-Islamic "**d "**d o 0* corr*c-y co"*6ua-!z*d !b! h* r*-!#!o" o h* 4ayā". 5h* am* ca""o 0* a!d o 4ahā@!m, h* 4ayā"@ ch!m, 8ho "o -o"#*r !"d uch a-u* a"d $*r$*c!* ou-!"*d a0o* m*a"!"#u-, a"d 8ho* ru$ur* 8!h '-am a"d Islamicate a-!k* ! oa- a"d com$-** (a -*a amo"# co"*m$orar!*).23 H!or!caco"-a!o" a!d*, 8h!ch 7*"! Mac:o!" ha h!#h-!#h*d o 8*--, o u h* cu-ura-, !d*a!o"a-, co"*6ua-, $arad!#ma!c, d!cur!*, a"d, mo !m$ora"-y or u, h* m*a$hy!ca- cha!" a"d co""*c!* ha mak* or a"y a-!d #*"*a-o#y ar* **c!*-y a0*" 8h*r* a"y -*#!!ma* co""*c!o" o 4ahā@!m 8!h h* or!#!"a- 4ā0ī mo*m*" ! co"c*r"*d ("or ar* 8* h* !r o ha* $o!"*d h! ou)P a"d #!*" h!, 8ha**r h* d!!cu-!*, 4ā0!m "**d o 0* r*a**d rom crach, *$*c!a--y !" acad*m!c $r!", rom 8ha**r -*#acy 4ahā@!m may 0* c-a!m!"# or !*- a"d ca$!a-!z!"# o". * ca""o *m$ha!z* h! -a $o!" *"ou#h. No 8!h!"# o d!#r* a"y urh*r, 8* 8!-- ay h*r* ha 8* $-a" o addr* a-- h* >u*!o" 0r!*-y ouch*d u$o" a0o* mor* *6*"!*-y !" a uur* $!*c*. $ !*c*.
u0 u0ḥ u0ḥ ḥ! !!/za/za-2& 23
For *6am$-*, Islamophobia ha o*" ou"d a *r!-* 0r**d!"# #rou"d amo"# om* co"*m$orary 4ahā@ī cu-ur* (8h*h*r amo"# *6!-* or co"*r), *$*c!a--y o"-!"*. For a-- h* r*ao" h!#h-!#h*d a0o*, uch a h!"# ! 8*-- "!#h !m$o!0-* !m$o!0-* amo"# 4ayā"ī. / a" a!d*, ! hou-d 0* "o*d ha a a $r*cau!o"ary $r*cau!o"ary m*aur* o ao!d $*r*cu!o" (#!*" 0oh h* ho!-!y o h* orhodo6 58*-*r +hīI! *cc-*!a!ca- *a0-!hm*" a 8*-- a ha o h* 4ahā@ī), a"d o om* d*#r** o" h* ur#!"# o 4ayā"ī -*ad*r Yaḥyā 7a8-aā0ādī (d. 1939) ($r!a* commu"!ca!o", 2;;9), 8!h h* ou!d* 8or-d ma"y 4ayā"ī !" 'ra" *6*rc!* ta#īya a"d "om!"a--y !d*"!y h*m*-* a orhodo6 Mu-!m. /mo"# oh*r r*ao", "o o m*"!o" ha h*r* ! $r**"-y "o or#a"!za!o" a uch, h! ! 8hy acua- 4ayā"ī "um0*r ar* d!!cu- (a-mo !m$o!0-*) o #au#* om*!m*. 2& Vur accou" h*r* ! a u mmary 0a*d o" hr** ourc*G 1. :.. 4ro8"*@ *d!!o" o Hā??ī Mīrzā Sā"ī Jāhā"ī@ (d. 1O2) Citāb )u#Dat$&l-Cāf G Being the Earliest ;istory of the Bābīs (L*!d*"G :.S. 4r!--, 191;), 23O&&, 2. 2. h* *r!a" y$*cr!$ o a hor accou" 0y h! k!"8oma" I/īyya ūḥī,
H! $r**m!"*" !-* !" r**r*"c* o h* !h h*o$ha"!c *>u*"c* o h* ḥa4īth :umaylKḥa4īth al-ḥa#ī#a,2 Mīrzā Yaḥyā Nūrī Ṣubḥ-i-Azal (d. 1912) 8a 0or" !" h* /ra0 >uar*r o 5*hrā" !" 1O312% dur!"# h* !"a- y*ar o h* r*!#" o Faḥ I/-ī +hāh ^ā?ār (d. 1O3&). H* 8a h* o" o h* 8*a-hy Māza"darā"ī ^ā?ār cour!*r a"d ca--!#ra$h*r Mīrzā I/00ā Bozorg 5ākurī Nūrī !0" !ā ^u-ī 4*# (d. 1O3&) 2 a"d h! !6h 8!* Jūchak Jhā"ūm J!rmā"hāhī 8ho d!*d dur!"# ch!-d0!rh. /*r h! 0!rh u0ḥ!/za- 8a *"ru*d o h* car* o h! ah*r@ !h 8!* Jhadī?ah Jhā"ūm (d. 1O&&), h* moh*r o Mīrzā Zuay" I/-ī Nūrī a"d uur* Bahā$u$llāh (d. 1O92).2O 4*or* h! h!rd 0!rhday a"d a h* comm*"c*m*" o h* r*!#" o Muḥammad +hāh ^ā?ār (d. 1O&O) 8ho a a co"*>u*"c* o a ca"da!"o-!"# o"* o h! dau#h*r d!**d Mīrzā I/00ā Bozorg Nūrī o a -ar#* um o h!
h$GKK888.0aya"!c.comK-!0Ky$*dKh!K/za-H!K+/4!o*r!a".$d (acc**d (acc**d 1 March 2;13), a"d 3. h* ra#m*" o h* -o"#*r *r!a" y$*cr!$ o h* mor* *6*"!* 0!o#ra$hy ar!0u*d o h* am* k!"8oma" h*-d !" h* ^amar 5ā? 7a8-aā0ādī co--*c!o" a Harard <"!*r!y (!.*. om*"@ or-d !" ^a?ar 'ra"), h$GKK$d.-!0.harard.*duK$dK!*8K319&11"1U$r!"5hum0"a!-ru* (acc**d h$GKK$d.-!0.harard.*duK$dK!*8K319&11"1U$r!"5hum0"a!-ru* (acc**d 1 March 2;13). / or h* h!rd ourc*, 8* ar* "o8 !"orm*d ha h! -o"#*r $!*c* ! !"corr*c-y ar!0u*d o ūḥī a"d ha ! ! acua--y h* 8ork o Nāe!r 7a8-aā0ādī ($r!a* commu"!ca!o", /$r!- 2;13). H*r* hrou#hou ūḥī r**r o h* hor*r accou". / r*c*" Ma*r@ h*! rom 5*hra" <"!*r!y 0y +.M. Na0a!aza! oha"! *"!-*d Tārī:h-i-Fir#i-iBābī$i 4ar Bagh4ā4 az =M> tā =M>@ (5h* H!ory o h* 4ā0ī *c !" 4a#hdad rom 1O2 o 1O%3) (<"$u0-!h*d d!*ra!o"G 2;13) o*r h* !r r*a- cr!!ca- 0!o#ra$hy a"d mod*r" mo d*r" cho-ar-y r*am*" o u0ḥ!/za- !"c* h* ud!* o :.. 4ro8"* a"d /.L.M. N!co-a. ' ur$a* a-- $r*!ou -!*raur* o" h* u0?*c !" a"y -a"#ua#* hu ar. 5h! mo"o#ra$h (h* mo *6*"!* udy o da*) 8!-- #o a -o"# 8ay !" $ro$*r-y co"*6ua-!z!"# a"d -oca!"# u0ḥ!/za- 8!h!" h* -ar#*r or0! o "!"***"h c*"ury 'ra"!a" h!ory a 8*-- a h* !"*--*cua- h!ory o *r!a"a* '-am dur!"# ha *ra. /" au#m*"*d a"d *6$a"d*d cr!!ca- 0!o#ra$hy ha 8!-- *6*"d 8*-- !"o h* $*r!od o h* Cy$ru *6!-* (1O%O1912) ! $r**"-y 0*!"# $r*$ar*d 0y h* am* au hor. / u-- :"#-!h ra"-a!o" o h! !m$ora" 8ork ! curr*"-y !" h* $r*$ara!o" a#* 0y u. 2 '.*. W A A 3ight Illuminating Illuminating from the ,a1n of re-Eternity ( Rubḥ al-azal) an4 she44ing its traces upon tablets of the talismanic-temples talismanic-temples of unicity@ (my ra".), ** h$GKK8ah!daza-.0-o#$o.d*K2;11K;Khad!hkumay-orhad!ha- ha>!>ao.hm- (acc**d ha>!>ao.hm (acc**d 1 March 2;13). +** a-o 78!#h M. 7o"a-do", Q Al-Cumail7 A ompanion ompanion of the /ecret /ecret ,R ,R 2& 9P *za +hahJaz*m! 2ustice an4 8emembrance7 The "uslim 9orl4, To-um* 2O, 'u* 3, Su-y 193OG 2&9P 8emembrance7 Intro4ucing the (Lo"do" a"d N*8 YorkG '.4. 5aur! u0-!h*r a"d 5h* '"!u* o 'maIī-ī +ud!*, 2;;%), /pirituality of Imam 'Alī (Lo"do" 1; U 2;1"9%P a"d, 4ruc* a""*-- a"d H*rma"" La"do- A Tra4ition of Esoteric Esoteric ommentary7 Imām 'Alī$s ḥa4īth alḥa#ī#a (Lo"do" a"d N*8 YorkG '.4. 5aur! a"d 5h* '"!u* o ' maIī-ī +ud!*, orhcom!"#). /mo"# oh*r -oy !-* ( +iz! L!#hKn&r , Fru!Kthamara, h* r*:*r"a- Fru!K thamarat al-azalīya, Fac*K1a%h, h* +$-*"d!dK bahīya, h* V"*K1aḥī4, h* <"!>u*K farī4 *c.) h! !-* 0y 8h!ch h* ha 0*com* mo 8*-- k"o8" 8a 0*o8*d u$o" h!m $*c!!ca--y 0y h* 4ā0 !"d!ca!* o h* com$-*!o" o h* !h y*ar o h* 4ā0@ m!"!ry (1O&O&9K;) a *ach o h** y*ar (a"d h* o--o8!"#) 8*r* h*-d 0y h* 4ā0 o ym0o-!z* 8!h *ach o h* !6 h*o$ha"!c *>u*"c* o h* ḥa4īth :umaylKḥa4īth al-ḥa#ī#a, ** )u#Dat$&l-Cāf , , passim., a"d *$*c!a--y h* 4ā0@ ,alā$il al-/aba'a (5h* +**" roo), h$GKK888.0aya"!c.comK-!0K8dKa0aK+a0aF7.hm-!d**" h$GKK888.0aya"!c.comK-!0K8dKa0aK+a0aF7.hm-!d**" (acc**d (acc**d 1 March 2;13)P a"d (/.L.M N!co-a@ Fr*"ch ra"-a!o") h$GKK888.0aya"!c.comKho8'*m.$h$!d+**" h$GKK888.0aya"!c.comKho8'*m.$h$!d+**" (acc**d (acc**d 1 March 2;13). 2% No mo"h or day ! $ro!d*d 0y a"y o h* ourc*. 2 /-o amou-y k"o8" 0y h* *$!h* Mīr I'mād Thānī (h* (h* *co"d) !" r*co# "!!o" o h! u"mach*d ca--!#ra$h!c k!-- a"d o a ucc*or o h* cour ca--!#ra$h*r o h* +aa!d *ra "īr 'Imā4 Zaa"ī ^azī"ī (d. 1%1). /ccord!"# o h* accou" !" )u#Dat$&l-Cāf , 8h!ch h* auhor acr!0* o Bahā$u$llāh, a !r r*-uca" o ak* o" h* r*$o"!0!-!y, h! occurr*d a a r*u- o a *r!d!ca- dr*am 0y Jhadī?ah Jhā"ūm !"o-!"# h* a$$*ara"c* o h* ro$h* Muḥammad a"d 'mām I/-ī 8ho ur#*d h* a-!!c "aur* o h! $*c!!c u"d*rak!"# u$o" h*r, ibi4. 239. 2O
8*a-h, $r*!#* a"d !"-u*"c*29 u0ḥ!/za-@ ah*r a-o d!*d a"d ! a$$*ar ha h! car* a"d u$0r!"#!"# 8*r* rom h! $*r!od o"8ard h*"c*orh *"ru*d ?o!"-y o h! *$ moh*r a"d h! aor*m*"!o"*d *$0roh*r 8ho 8a h!r**" y*ar h! *"!or. '" h* am* y*ar a h* comm*"c*m*" o h* 4ā0ī mo*m*" (1O&&), h! *$moh*r d!*d a 8*-a"d h* #uard!a"h!$ o u0ḥ!/za-, "o8 our**" y*ar o a#*, d*o-*d u$o" h! o-d*r 0roh*r. V h! you"#*r *$0roh*r dur!"# h** *ar-y day, h* uur* ou"d*r o h* 4ahā@ī a!h a"d uur* r!a- o u0ḥ!/za-, $*r a d!r*c >uoa!o" !" )u#Dat$&l-Cāf , r*cou"G ' 8a *"#a#*d 8!h h* u$0r!"#!"# a"d *duca!o" o H! :m!"*"c* h* r* :*r"a- ( %enāb-i-azal). 5rac* o h* $ur*, !""a* "aur* ( fiDrat ) a"d #ood-!"* o charac*r (nī:&$ī-i-ā:hlā#) 8*r* ma"!* rom h* m!rror o h! 0*!"#, a"d h* a-8ay $r**rr*d d!#"!y, $o!*, #ood ma""*r a"d mod*y. H* r*ra!"*d rom m!6!"# !" h* com$a"y o ch!-dr*" or *"#a#!"# !" h*!r 0*ha!our. 4u ' d!d "o r*a-!z* h* 8ou-d o"* day 0*com* h* $o*or o uch a d!!"c-y h!#h a!o". H* ud!*d *r!a" f-!*raur*g 0u d!d "o ak* 8*-- o /ra0!c a"d *6c*--*d !" fh* ca--!#ra$hy og nasta'lī#. 5h* $o*ry o h* o-k o #"o! a"d h* d!!"* u"!c!y (ahl-i-ma'rifat +a ta1ḥī4 ) a$$*a-*d o h!m (my ra". ibi4.) /ccord!"# o u0ḥ!/za-@ o8" *!mo"y, h! co"*r!o" o 4ā0!m occurr*d a$$ro6!ma*-y dur!"# h* $*r!od 8h*" h* mo*m*" 8a #a!"!"# ! orma!* mom*"um a"d 0u!-d!"# ! 0a* o co"*r (1O&&1O&%). / ur0a" "oa0-* a"d m*m0*r o h* -a"d*d #*"ry, 8ha $*c!!ca--y arac*d h* !"!!a- 4ā0ī *m!ar!* o h* Nūrī hou*ho-d !" 5*hrā" (a"d mad* h* Nūrī $ar!cu-ar-y r*c*$!* o h* 4ā0ī m*a#*) r*ma!" om*8ha o$a>u* !" d*a!- 0*cau* h* Nūrī 8*r*"@ $ar!cu-ar-y k"o8" o 0* $ar o a"y ac!* +haykhī "*8ork rom 8h!ch h* 0u-k o h* !"!!a- 4ā0ī m*m0*rh!$, a"d $*c!!ca--y ! m!!o"ary ac!!, 8*r* mo-y dra8". N**rh*-* u0ḥ!/zaa*G / h* 0*#!""!"# 8h*" h* Ma"!*a!o" ( Quh&r ) o h* Cau* o H! Ho-!"* fh* 4ā0g occurr*d ' had d*!r*d u$o" *"#a#!"# !" h* *mu-a!o" ( ta#lī4) o o"* amo"# h* -*ar"*d c-*r!c o r*-!#!o". ' 8a !"*!#a!"# h*!r ra"k a"d a!o" a h* *ry !m* H! :m!"*"c* my 0roh*r f!.*. 4ahā@u@--āhg 8a 0r!"#!"# h* com$a"!o" o H! Ho-!"* fh* 4ā0g o our hou*. / "!#h h*y 8ou-d co"*r* a"d r*ad rom H! 8r!!"#, a"d ' 8ou-d r*!r* o a cor"*r -!*"!"# !"*"-y. <"!fo"* "!#hg h*y r*ad rom o"* o H! $ray*r ( munā%āt ) 8h*r*!" h* r*ra!"3; Q An4 oh oh . my 0o4R ( fa-āh āh yā ilāhī ) 8a co$!ou-y r*8" 8!h!" !. 5h* ma#"*!c $!r!ua- arac!o" ( %a4hābīyat ) o h* $!r! o ho* 8ord cau#h my h*ar a"d fa a co"*>u*"c*g -o* or H! Ho-!"* ook !rm ho-d. La*r ' $*ru*d h* 5rad!!o" (aḥā4īth) o h* 'mām o r*-!#!o" a"d -ook*d u$o" h* *r$!cuou
29
ūḥī, 1. L!*ra--y W paragraphs paragraphs@ ( fi#arāt fi#arāt ). ).
3;
r!!"# o H! Ho-!"* a"d ' *!!*d !" c*ra!"y fo h* ruh o h* 4ā0ī cau*g (my ra". ibi4., 23O9). '" 1O& 8h*" h* 4ā031 0!d h! o--o8*r o ?o!" h! !"!!a- d!c!$-* !" Jhurāā", h* !r L**r o h* L!!"# Mu--ā Zuay" 4uhrū@ī Bāb$ul-Bāb (h* a* o h* a*) (d.1O&9), 32 u0ḥ!/za- h*" a you"# ado-*c*" o !**" y*ar !mm*d!a*-y * ou o" h! o8" rom 5*hrā" o ?o!" h* oh*r 4ā0ī $ar!a" a*m0-!"# h*r*.33 V" h! 8ay h* 8a !"*rc*$*d 0y h! o-d*r 0roh*r 8ho r*d!r*c*d h!m 0ack o 5*hrā" a"d rom h*r* h*y oo" ada"c*d o#*h*r o8ard Maza"darā" !" h* "orh 8h*r* *" rou* h*y 8*r* m* 0y h* 4ā0@ mo *m!"*" *ma-* a"d mo rad!ca- d!c!$-* (c*-*0ra*d a h* W remo+er of the +eil @ a"d r*"o8"*d or 0*!"# *co"d o h* 4ā0 h!m*- h!m*- !" !"-u*"c*), h* **"**"h **"**"h L**r o h* 3& L!!"# ]āh!r!h ^urra@@u-I/y" (d. 1O2) 8ho 8a d**m*d o 0* "o"* oh*r ha" h* Wr*ur"@ o Fāi!ma Fāi!ma Bahrā@, h* ro$h* Muḥammad@ dau#h*r.3 3% '" +a0z!ār h*y 8*r* ?o!"*d 0y h* -a L**r o h* L!!"# Mu--ā Muḥammad I/-ī 4ārurūhī Gu44&s (d. 1O&9),3 a-o k"o8" a h* F!r a"d La Nam* o od (ism allāh al-a11al 1a al-ā:hir ), 8ho had 0**" h* 4ā0@ com$a"!o" o" h* ḥa%% ?our"*y !" 1O&& a"d ***m*d 0y om* a **" *>ua- !" $!r!ua- ra"k o h!m.3O Ho8**r, u0ḥ!/za- h!m*- 8a o"-y o $*"d *6c-u!* !m* !" ^uddū@ $r**"c* !" 4ārurūh o"-y a*r h* #ah*r!"# a 4adah. N**rh*-* Hā??ī Mīrzā Sā"ī@ accou" !" )u#Dat$ul-Cāf *6$-!c!-y *6$-!c!-y u##* ha $*c!a- a*"!o" 8a ho8*r*d u$o"
31
5h*" 0a"!h*d 0y h* a* a"d !"carc*ra*d !" r*mo* "orh8**r" 'ra" !" Mākū. +** Mac:o!"@ EIr *"ry *"ry A4V[j, Mo--ā MoḥammadZoay"E. 33 ūḥī, 2P )u#Dat$&l-Cāf , 2&;. 3& ho had r*c*"-y -*d h*r "a!* ^azī" a a co"*>u*"c* o h* murd*r o h*r u "c-* a"d ah*r!"-a8 Mu--ā Muḥammad 5a>ī 4ara#hā"ī (h* amou d*"u"c!aor o +haykh /ḥmad a-/ḥā@ī 8ho om* 8o d*cad* *ar-!*r had !u*d a ta:fīr a#a!" a#a!" h* +haykhī ou"d*r) a h* ha"d o a +haykhī z*a-o !" h* o8"G a" ac ha 8a !"d!cr!m!"a*-y !"d!cr!m!"a*-y 0-am*d o" o " h* 4ā0ī. 3 5h* mo r*-!a0-*, cr!!ca- 0!o#ra$hy o h! much c*-*0ra*d 4ā0ī h*ro!"*, r*o-u!o"ary my!c a"d *ca!c $o* r*ma!" +oraya /dam0aka"@ mo"o#ra$h Gurrat al-5Ayn7 Eine /tu4ie 4er religiSsen un4 gesellschaftlichen Folgen ihres 9ir:ens (4*r-!"G J-au +ch8arz T*r-a#, 2;;O). 3% )u#Dat$&l-Cāf , ibi4. H*r* h* accou" o ūḥī a"d )u#Dat$&l-Cāf ca" ca" 0* -!#h-y co"u!"# a"d co"rad!cory !" h* !m*-!"* $ro!d*d or h** m**!"#, ho8 -o"# *ach -a*d, 8h*r* h*y occurr*d, 8h*r* h* *rm!"a!o" $o!" 8*r* a"d 8h*" h*y 8*r* $r*c!*-y !"*rru$*d a"dKor $!ck*d u$ a#a!". * ha* r!*" o $ro!d* a 0a-a"c* 0*8**" 8o m*a" !" h! $ar o h* accou". * r**-y adm!, ho8**r, ha h! may 0* o$*" o om* m!"or chro"o-o#!ca- cr!!c!m. 3 +** Mac:o!"@ EIr *"ry *"ry A4DFVj[, MVZ/MM/7I/LE. 3O ūḥī ibi4! )u#Dat$&l-Cāf , ibi4., 8h!ch *-*8h*r* a*G Q_H! :m!"*"c* h* Hā??ī f!.*. ^uddūg 8a c-a!ma" o h* a!o" o +a"c!y ( #u44&sīyat ),), 8h!ch 8a !"d**d fh* a!o" og h* *ur" o h* M**"#*r o od (ras&l$ullāh). !h H! o8" *rac!ou $roo, H* $ro*d H!m*-, amo"# h** 0*!"# H! *r!ca-!#" ( āyāt ),), $ray*r (munā%āt ) a"d *rmo" (:hutab)_' ! rom uch *"u"c!a!o" rom H! Ho-!"* h* *m*m0ra"c* f!.*. h* 4ā0g 8h*r* ! 0*cam* *!d*" ha h* $ rom!*d Gā$im f!.*. h* *urr*corg 8a !" ac H! Ho-!"* ^uddū 8h*r*u$o" 313 !"d!!dua- amo"# h* f*chao-o#!ca-g h*-$!"# d!r*cor ( nu#abā$ ) #ah*r*d arou"d H!m fa +haykh 5a0arīg_/"d H! Ho-!"* h* *m*m0ra"c* 8a H! a* ( bāb). 'mm*d!a*-y 8h*" h* Ma"!*a!o" o ^uddū occurr*d, H! Ho-!"* h* *m*m0ra"c* c*a*d -ay!"# $*" o $a$*r, a"d h*" H! Ho-!"* ^uddū !"d*$*"d*"-y !"d*$*"d*"-y $roc-a!m*d H! Cau*. 7ur!"# h* !m* H! Ho-!"* h* *m*m0ra"c* 8a +$*ak!"# ( mutinati# b&4an4), H! Ho-!"* ^uddū 8a +!-*" ( sā:it ). ). H! Ho-!"* f^uddūg 8a h* H*a*" o !-- ( samā$-i-mashīyat samā$-i-mashīyat ) 8h!-* H! Ho-!"* h* *m*m0ra"c* 8a h* :arh o To-!!o" ( arU-i-irā4ih)_,R 12 U 2;2 (my ra".). 32
u0ḥ!/za- $*ro"a--y 0y ^uddū dur!"# h! 0r!* !m* !" 4ārurūh, a"d h! ! !#"!!ca".39 !*" h* Nūrī am!-y@ !"cr*a!"# $rom!"*"c* 8!h!" h* mo*m*", u0ḥ!/za- a"d h! o-d*r 0roh*r&; r*ma!"*d !" co"!"ua- co"ac (! "o $ro6!m!y) o h** 8o or*mo 4ā0ī -*ad*r -*ad!"# u$ o h* -a* umm*r o 1O&O,&1 ?u a*r h* co"c-u!o" o h* #ah*r!"# a 4adah (8h*r* h* 4ā0ī #īyāma had 0**" $roc-a!m*d $u0-!c-y),&2 a"d h* 0*#!""!"# o h* +haykh ]a0arī u$r!!"#, 8h!ch 8*r* ?u 0*#!""!"# o !r. ^urra@@u- I/y" 8a o r*ma!" !" h* com$a"y o h* Nūrī !" h*!r a"c*ra- hom* o Nūr 8h!-* ^uddū 8a o $roc**d o h* hr!"* orr* o ?o!" Mu--ā Zuay" 4uhrū@ī a"d u-!ma*-y 0*com* h* or*mo $!r!ua- -*ad*r (a"d -a*r h* mo *m!"*" maryr) o h* u$r!!"#. H*r* u0ḥ!/za- (8ho 8a -a*r o 0* -aud*d a h* Wr*ur"@ o ^uddū) 8a o 0* *$ara*d rom Mu--ā Muḥammad I/-ī 4ārurūhī $*rma"*"-y a"d r*ur" o 5*hrā". 7ur!"# h! o?our" h* had 0*com* >u!* aach*d o ^uddū !" a y$!ca--y c-o* ma*rKd!c!$-* y$* $!r!ua- 0o"d. )u#Dat$ul-Cāf r*-a*G r*-a*G fH*g f!.*. u0ḥ!/za-g $o**d a ra"#* aachm*" o H! Ho-!"* ^uddū. '" a 8**, m*-od!ou o!c* h* 8ou-d o*" r*c!* 8!h h* umo ?oy h* *rmo" a"d $ray*r o ha ma*r o co"!"#*"cy 8h*r* h! -!*"*r 8ou-d 0* mad* o a* ou- a"d h* $!r! o o -!* rom h* cha-!c* o *ca!c arac!o"_h*" !" !" h* $ac* o a$$ro6!ma*-y ory day "*8 o h* maryrdom o ^uddū r*ach*d ha :m!"*"c* f!.*. u0ḥ!/za-g, ' h*ard a*r8ard ha u$o" h*ar!"# h* "*8, or hr** day a" !"*"* **r o*rook ha :m!"*"c*, h* !"*"!y o 8ho* !*ry h*a 8ou-d "o u0!d*. 5h*" a*r hr** day h* rac* o ho-!"* (āthār-i#u4sī ) da8"*d !" h* ho-y *m$-*Korm (hay:al ) o ha :m!"*"c*, a"d h* m*a"!"# o Wr*ur"@ 0*cam* ma"!*_ (Ibi4., 2&3, my ra".)
39 &;
Ibi4.
ho had $*ro"a--y !"a"c*d o"* o h* 8o -*ad*r a 8*-- a h* #ah*r!"#, ibi4. No8 !6**"K**"**" y*ar o a#*. &2 7ur!"# h* #ah*r!"# h* 4ā0, in absentia, had 0**" $u0-!c-y d*c-ar*d o 0* h* 'mām Mahdī 8!h h* #īyāma o!c!a--y $roc-a!m*d. 4u !" corr*$o"d*"c* 0*8**" h* 4ā0 a"d h! -*ad!"# d!c!$-* h! d*c-ara!o" had a-r*ady ak*" $-ac* $r!or o !, ** h* *6 o 8o o h** $roc-ama!o" !" Gismatī az Al+āh-i-ChaDD-i-)u#Da-i-*la Al+āh-i-ChaDD-i-)u#Da-i-*la +a (#ā
u0ḥ!/za- a"d h! o-d*r 0roh*r 8*r*"@ o $ar!c!$a* !" h* 0-oody u$r!!"# a +haykh ]a0arī "or h* "or h* o"* ha -a*r 0rok* ou !" Ba"?ā" a"d Nayrīz 0u "o or 8a" o ry!"#. H*, h! o-d*r 0roh*r, o"* o h*!r 4ā0ī u"c-* a"d oh*r am!-y 8*r* o#*h*r a$$r*h*"d*d 0y #o*r"m*" orc* o" h*!r 8ay o h* hr!"* or om* d!a"c* rom h* o8" o /mu- a"d d*-!*r*d o*r o h* #o*r"or 8ho !m$r!o"*d h*m !" a -oca- mo>u*. u0ḥ!/za- *ca$*d a"d $*" a 8ho-* "!#h !" h* h * or* o !c!"!y a"d 8a d!co*r*d 0y ho!-* o8"$*o$-* h* "*6 mor"!"#, 8ho m!r*a*d h!m 8!h au" a"d $!!"# 0*or* d*-!*r!"# h!m o*r o*r o auhor!!*. *u"!*d 8!h h! k!", k!", h* #o*r"or ord*r*d ord*r*d a-- h* a$$r*h*"d*d o 0* 0a!"ado*d. h*" ! cam* u0ḥ!/za-@ ur", h! o-d*r 0roh*r $-*ad*d 8!h h* auhor!!* o 0* 0*a*" !" h! *ad. /*r h* 0*a!"#, -*ar"!"# o h*!r *m!"*" oc!a- ra"k a"d $o!!o" a -a"d*d #*"ry a"d orm*r cour!*r, h* #o*r"or r*-*a*d h*m.&3 No8, a-hou#h h* *6c-u!* corr*$o"d*"c* 0*8**" h* 4ā0 a"d u0ḥ!/za- 8a"@ o comm*"c* !" *ar"* u"!- a*r h* +haykh ]a0arī u$r!!"# (-a* $r!"# 1O&9), h*r* ! "o >u*!o" or u ha h** h** 8o or*mo 4ā0ī -*ad*r -*ad*r (^uddū a"d ^urra@@u-I/y") had !"d*$*"d*"-y mad* $*c!!c !"roduc!o" 8!h "o o m*"!o" $o!!* r*$r**"a!o" o h* 4ā0 o" h! 0*ha- dur!"# h* $*r!od 8h*" h*y 8*r* !" *ach oh*r@ $ro6!m!y. 5hu a*r h* d**a a"d 0-oody maacr* o h* r*ma!"!"# 4ā0ī a +haykh ]a0arī *$*c!a--y o ^uddū !" a mo0!"duc*d -au#h*r a h* $u0-!c >uar* !" 4ārurūh&& h* 4ā0 ("o8 !" r*mo* Ch!hrī>) 8a ro00*d o 8o o h! mo d!!"#u!h*d, a0-*0od!*d -!*u*"a" a"d $!r!ua- d*$u!* ("o o m*"!o" cou"-* oh*r o--o8*r). !h h! o8" -!* "o8 ha"#!"# !" h* 0a-a"c*, o--o8!"# h! r!a- a"d co"d*m"a!o" or h*r*y !" 5a0rīz !" Su-y 1O&O, h* !u* o ucc*!o" 8ou-d ha* c*ra!"-y 0**" 0**" a" o*rr!d!"# co"c*r". co"c*r". Hā??ī Mīrzā Sā"ī r*-a*G /*r h* maryrdom o H! Ho-!"* ^uddū a"d ha o h! com$a"!o", ha '--ur!ou V"* (bozorg+ār ) 0*cam* mour"u- a"d d*$o"d*" u"!- uch !m* a h* 8r!!"# o H! :m!"*"c* h* r*:*r"a- ( %ināb-i-azal) aa!"*d h* 0-**d "o!c*.& From h* !"*"!y o ?oy, **ra- !m* H* ro* u$ rom h! $-ac* a"d h*" a do8" a#a!", o*r!"# ha"k#!!"# a"d $ra!* o h* r**"c* o h* V"* orh!$*d (haUrat-i-ma'b&4) (ibi4. 23O, my ra".)
&3
ūḥī, 23. Mu--ā Zuay" 4uhrū@ī had a-r*ady -o h! o8" -!* !"!d* h* hr!"* or dur!"# h* -a*r $ar o ! !*#*. & / ca" o a y$*cr!$ ak*" rom a" or!#!"a- M+. (!" $r!a* $o*!o") o a" *ar-y d!r*c corr*$o"d*"c* o u0ḥ!/za- 8!h h* 4ā0 (a 8*-- ! r*$o"*) r*c*"-y cam* !"o our $o*!o" !" F*0ruary 2;13. ' ! a" /ra0!c $ray*r o a0ou o"* a"d ha- $a#* (!" y$*cr!$) 0y u0ḥ!/za- addr**d o h* 4ā0 a"d 8r!*" rom 5*hrā" o Ch!hrī>, a"d 0*#!", QH* ! 5hou ( hu1a anta) '" H! Nam* h* fV"*g +*a*d ( bismihi al-%ālis) u$o" h* o!" o h* *arh ( fī nu#Dat$ul-turāb), h* 8o"drou H!dd*" C-oud d*#rad*d od *r!-y *!!* ha "o oh*r #od ! h*r* 0*!d* H* 8ho ! 5h**, a"d a-- ar* ac!"# 0y 5hy Comma"d a"d a-- ar* 0***ch!"# 5hy rac*R (my ra".) &&
5h** 8r!!"# o u0ḥ!/za-&% 8*r* oo" ***m*d h!#h-y 0y h* 4ā0 a d!!"*-y !"$!r*d !.*. *r!ca-!#" (āyāt ) !u!"# rom h* orm*r@ $ur*, !""a* k"o8-*d#* ( fiDra fiDra) a"d o !" a *r!* o *am*"ary *$!-* ha 8*r* $u0-!c!z*d 8!d*-y amo"# h* ca*r*d 4ā0ī ecclesia, ! r*ma!"!"# -*ad*rh!$ a"d h!*rarchy, u0ḥ!/za- 8a orma--y orma--y "om!"a*d a h* 4ā0@ ucc*or, -*#a** (1aRī ) a"d M!rror (mir$āt ) 8ho* au 8ou-d 0* *>ua- o h* 4ā0@P h!, 8!h a d!!"c!o" !" a" o$*ra!* h*o$ha"!c u"c!o" 8h*r*0y h* 4ā0 8a h* o!" (nu#Da), h* !"au#uraor o h* cyc-* o h* 4ayā", a"d u0ḥ!/za- h* M!rror o h* 4ayā", ! *6*cuor, m!rror a"d *m0od!m*". '" oh*r 8ord, u0ḥ!/za- 8a o 0* I/-ī o h* 4ā0@ Muḥammad. *m!"!c*" o 'mā@ī-ī ca*#or!* a"d *rm, dur!"# h* r*ma!"!"# -!*!m* o h* 4ā0 (-* ha" a y*ar), h*, h* 4ā0, 8ou-d ac a h* +$*ak*r (nāDi#) 8h!-* u0ḥ!/za- 8ou-d 0* h* +!-*" V"* ( sāmit ).). <$o" h* 4ā0@ $hy!ca- d*m!*, u0ḥ!/za8ou-d 0* *-*a*d o h* ra"k o +$*ak*r (nāDi#) a"d a-- o h* 8r!!"# o h* 4ā0 8ou-d h*"c*orh u"c!o" "o8 a h* +!-*" V"* ( sāmit ) !" h* ac* o h* +$*ak!"# M!rror (or h* /pea:ing Bayān) 8ho ! "o8 *-*a*d a h* or*mo, o!c!a- d!!"* !"*r$r**r, o-* h!*ro$ha", $ro!d*"!a- #u!d* (1alī ) a"d *6$o!or (mubayyin) o h* "*8 r*-!#!ou d!$*"a!o" a"d ! cr!$ura- *6, h*"c* M!rror (mir$āt ).).& ' ! 8orh >uo!"# h*r* a *8 $aa#* rom 8ha h* 4ā0 a!d o u0ḥ!/za- !" h** *am*"ary *$!-*G 5hou ar ' a"d ' am 5hou (anta anā 1a anā anta ), H* a"d ' ( h&1a 1a anā), H* a"d 5h** (h&1a 1a anta ), od, a"d ' am od a"d Y* ar* od (allāh 1a anā allāh 1a anta$3lāh)&O_h! ! a 4ook rom od h* ro*cor, h* **r-*Kh* +*- +u0!*", u"o od h* ro*cor, h* **r-*Kh* +*-+u0!*"_h! ! a 4ook rom W/-ī 0*or* Na0ī-, h* *m*m0ra"c* o h* or-d, u"o H* 8ho* "am* ! *>u!a-*" o h* Nam* o h* V"*, h* *m*m0ra"c* o h* or-d V Nam* o h* V"* ( yā yā ism al-1aḥī4), $ro*c ha 8h!ch ha 0**" r**a-*d !" h* 4ayā" a"d comma"d 0y !, or *r!-y 5hou ar a M!#hy 8ay o 5ruh&9_V Nam* o h* r*:*r"a- ( yā ism al-azal), *r!-y, ' *!y ha h*r* ! "o oh*r od 0*!d* M* h* 5r*m*"dou, h* 4* 4*-o*d, a"d h*" ' *!y ha h*r* ! "o oh*r od 0*!d* 5h** h* ro*cor, h* **r-*K+*-+u0!*" od cr*a*d a-- ha 8h!ch H* cr*a*d rom a !r"* 0*or* a-- !r"* o H!m a"d a-- h!"# H* ha-- cr*a* rom a -a"* 8!hou a -a"* u"o H!m !" ord*r o ma"!* H! o8" Lo#o+*-_h*" you ar* cu o rom h! 5hro"* f!.*. h* 4ā0g r*c!* h* &%
No8 a *!#h**"K"!"***" y*ar o a#*. /ccord!"# o h* *6 o h* !-- a"d 5*am*" o h* 4ā0 (r**r*"c*d a0o*), hou-d u0ḥ!/za- "o 0* a0-* o a$$o!" o"* -!k* h!m*- o *>ua- $!r!ua- ca$ac!y a"d ra"k o ucc**d h!m, h*" auhor!y d*o-* u$o" h* !"** o h* 4ayā" ( shāhi4īnVshuha4ā$ ). 4u !" h! !ua!o" h* +$*ak*r "o8 0*com* h* ho-y 8r!!"# shāhi4īnVshuha4ā$ ). o 0oh h* 4ā0 a"d u0ḥ!/za-, a"d $*c!!ca--y h* /ra0!c a"d *r!a" 4ayā", u"!- h* r**-a!o" a"d a$$*ara"c* o h* 4ā0ī m*!ah (o a$$*ar 0*8**" 111 o 2;;1 y*ar rom h* r**-a!o" o h* 4ayā", c. 4 2G1 U 3G1) 8ho a0ro#a* !. &O +** or!#!"a- !" Gismatī az Al+āh-i-ChaDD-i-)u#Da-i-*la +a (#ā u*"-y r*$roduc*d !" Gismatī az Al+āh-i-ChaDD-i-)u#Da-iAl+āh-i-ChaDD-i-)u#Da-i*la +a (#ā
*r!ca-!#" (āyāt ) od cau* o 0* !"$!r*d !"o your h*ar_homo**r aa!" h* $r**"c* o h* 5hro"* o 5hy Lordh!$ ha aa!"*d o h* $r**"c* o od_$roc-a!m h* Cau* o 5hy Lord u"o h* 8or-d. Ca-- h*m o ha 8h!ch hah 0**" r**a-*d !" h* 4ayā" hrou#h h* $*r$!cuou $ah o Loy M!#h_/"d ! od ma"!* o"* -!k* u"o 5h**, h* ! accou"*d 0y od a h* o"* !"#u-ar !"h*r!or o h* Cau*_/"d ! od ma"!* #ra"d*ur !" 5hy day, ma"!* h* :!#h ah f!.*. h* r*ma!"!"# cha$*r o h* /ra0!c 4ayā"g;_* ha* mad* h* d!r!0uor o h* a0-* 8h!ch ha* 0**" 8r!*" o h* *r!ca- !#" o od a d*-!*ra"c* o h* V"* +u$r*m* (1aḥī4 al-a'lā , !.*. u0ḥ! /za-)1_(my ra".) 5o h! o-d*r 0roh*r a"d uur* r!a-,2 h* 4ā0 had !"ruc*d, a"d u"*>u!oca--y *"?o!"*d, h* $ro*c!o" o u0ḥ!/za-, h! auhor!y a"d 8r!!"#, ay!"#G From h* *-*m*" o h* Mo +$-*"dorou (az 'unRur-i-abhā$ ),), "am*-y Yaḥyā ( samī yaḥyā), h* 8r!*" a0-* (al+āḥ-i-mast&rih), 8h!ch hah *-d!c-o*d rom h* !m$-* u0a"c* o *ca!c fd!!"*g arac!o" ( :ih az %a1har-i-+alih-i-sāzi%-iin%izāb muta%allī gashtih ), 8*r* $*ru*d, ha"k 0* h* 7!c-o*r o Ma?*y, ma?*!c a"d r*m*"dou 0* H* :6*rc!* h* umo 8achu-"* ( :amāl-itarā#ub) o*r h* $!r! a"d !a-!y (r&ḥ +a irti+āh) o ha co"!d*r*d o"* o ha h* !*rc* !moom 8!"d ( aryāḥ-i-mushri#a) do "o *-* u$o" h* h*ar o ha !"ha0!a"P a"d, !" fh* 8ork og 8r!!"# a"d d!ca!o", h* m*a" o ?oy a"d d*-!#h !" h* acm* o $*r*c!o" hou-d 0* ac!-!a*d or h! ak* uch ha h*, a0o-u*-y, "**r **r 0*ho-d a"y #r!* or orro8, "*!h*r *cr*-y "or o$*"-y. /"d ak* h* umo car* o h!m (:amāl-i-ḥifQ-i-ān) a"d h! com$!-*d 8ork ( āthāri-ma:hz&na) u"!- hy o8" !m* farr!*g (tā 1a#t-i-:hu4) f!.*. Wu"!- h* *"d o hy -!*@g, or od ! 8!h h* $a!*"R3 (my ra".) / "oo" o" Su-y Oh 1O;,& h* 4ā0 o#*h*r 8!h a d!c!$-* 8*r* $u0-!c-y *6*cu*d 0y !r!"# >uad !" h* 5a0rīz m!-!ary 0arrack 0y h* r*#!m*" comma"d*d 0y Mīrzā 5a>ī Jhā" Amīr Cabīr , adr!/Ilam. 5h* ma"#-*d 0od!* o h* 4ā0 a"d h! d!c!$-* 8*r* h*" hu"# o" d!$-ay a h* c!y #a* or **ra- day u"!- *cr*-y r*r!**d 0y 4ā0ī a#*" *6*rc!!"# 0r!0*ry, r!ck*ry a"d #u!-* 8ho h*" d*-!*r*d h*m o*r o u0ḥ!/za- 8ho ;
5ha, o#*h*r 8!h h* *r!a" 4ayā", r*ma!"*d u"!"!h*d 0y h* 4ā0. 5h! 8ho-* *c!o" >u o*d ! rom h* -o"#* o h* *am*"ary *$!-* r**r*"c*d a0o*. 2 ho 8a o"-y **r r**rr*d o a *!h*r 23O (h* "um*r!ca- a-u* o Zuay" I/-ī) or h* Q0roh*r o h* ru!R (ā:h al-thamara). Co"rary o h* a*r!o" mad* 0y 4ahā@ī *6, h* 4ā0 "**r acua--y 0*o8*d h* !-* Bahā$u$llāh (h* $-*"dour o od) u$o" h* 4ahā@ī ou"d*r. 5h* !-* 8a !" ac 0*o8*d 0y h* 4ā0 0*or* h* 4adah #ah*r!"# u$o" ^urra@u-I/y". ^urra@u-I/y" !" ur" 0*o8*d h! !-* a h* #ah*r!"# u$o" h* 4ahā@ī ou"d*r, ** I'zzīya Jhā"ūm Tanbīh al-)ā$imīn (".$. ".d.), ".d.), U passim. 3 ^uo*d !" I'zzīya Jhā"ūm, 32. / co$y o h* or!#!"a- ac!m!-* (a 8*-- a a h!#h-!#h o h* r*-*a" $aa#*) o h* *$!-* !" h* ha"d o h* 4ā0@ cr!0* a"d L**r o h* L!!"#, />ā Zuay" Yazdī (d. 1O2), ca" 0* ou"d o"-!"*, h*r*G h$GKK888.0aya"!c.comK"o*K#rou"dK#rou"d;.hmh$GKK888.0aya"!c.comK"o*K#rou"dK#rou"d;.hm- (acc**d (acc**d & March 2;13). & / da* d!$u*d 0y h* 4ahā@ī 8ho -oca* ! o" h* o--o8!"# o"*. 1
0ur!*d h*m 8!h h! o8" ha"d. /*r8ard u0ḥ!/za- ra*--*d 8!h h! o-d*r 0roh*r o Nūr !" Māza"darā" 8h*r* h* 8ou-d arry or om* !m*. :ar-!*r, a a ok*" o h! 0*o8a- o ucc*!o" u$o" u0ḥ!/za-, h* 4ā0 had *" o*r o h! ucc*or h! 8r!!"#, $*"ca*, $a$*r, c-oh!"# a"d $*ro"a- **c, co$!* o h* *am*"ary *$!-* *a-*d 0y h!m a"d, !m$ora"-y, h! o!c!a- *a- a"d !#"* r!"#% a 8*-- a a hay:al ($*"a-$ha) a-!ma" co"!!"# o 3; $*rmua!o" o h* d!!"* ar!0u* bahā$ ( splen4our ). 5hu 0*#a" h* umu-uou !r *!#h**" y*ar o u0ḥ!/za-@ m!"!ry ha splen4our ). 8ou-d **"ua--y cu-m!"a* !" a 0-oody ch!m rom 8!h!" h! o8" am!-y a"d *ar 4ā0!m a$ar rom h* !"!d* !" a ma""*r h* ^ā?ār a*c-*r#y $*r*cu!o" !" 'ra" cou-d ha* carc*-y a"!c!$a*d. H*r* 8* ha* a-o *"*r*d h* $*r!od o 8ha Mac:o!" ha ca--*d M!dd-* 4ā0!m. No8 a u$r*m* h*ad o h* 4ā0ī *cc-*!aP 8!h 4ā0ī u$r!!"# ra#!"# !" Ba"?ā", a"d h*" *"d!"# a"d ar!"# u$ a#a!" !" NayrīzP 8!h h* $*r*cu!o" o h! commu"!y 0y h* com0!"*d orc* o h* a* a"d c-*r#y 0*com!"# **r mor* !*rc* 0y h* dayP u$o" h* 4ā0@ maryrdom !" Su-y 1O;, h* "!"***"K8*"y y*ar o-d u0ḥ!/za- ou"d a commu"!y 8h*r*, du* o h* -ack o a"y ord*r, d!c!$-!"* or c*"ra- comma"d, !" h* 8ord o :.. 4ro8"*, Q_*ach m*m0*r_fhadg 0*com*_a -a8 u"o h!m*-_$roduc!"# a ma"y WMa"!*a!o"@ a h*r* 8*r* 4a0!_RO '" h! !ua!o" u0ḥ!/za- 8a *"cou"*r!"# cha--*"#* o h! -*ad*rh!$ rom ! *ry !"c*$!o" a"d rom **ry cor"*r. h!-* h* r*ma!"!"# !""*r cor* o h* 4ā0ī h!*rarchy r*co#"!z*d h* -*#!!macy o h* 4ā0@ d*!#"a!o" o u0ḥ!/za- a M!rror o h* 4ayā", a"d h* o*rr!d!"# auhor!y **d !" ha d*!#"a!o"P "o o m*"!o" h* 4ā0@ *6$-!c! comma"d o u0ḥ!/za- h!m*- !" h* !-- a"d 5*am*" o $r**r* h!m*- a a"y coP "**rh*-* 0*-o8 h* !""*r ru"# o h! c!rc-*, o"* 0y o"*, oo" a*r h* 4ā0@ *6*cu!o" h*r* 0*#a" *m*r#!"# ar!ou c-a!ma" o d!!"* h*o$ha"y a"d Ma"!*a!o" ( Quh&r ),),9 om* c-a!ma" o h* u$r*m* auhor!y !*- a h* 4ā0ī m*!ah (man yuQhiruhu$3lāh). 5h! !ua!o" 8a du* !" -ar#*
%
)u#Dat$&l-Cāf , 2;. ūḥī, , c-a!m h* 0od!* 8*r* 0ur!*d a h* 'māmzād!h MaIūm hr!"* !" 5*hrā". )u#Dat$&l-Cāf , 2&&.
' hou-d 0* "o*d ha h* 4ā0@ o8" cr!0*, a L**r o h* L!!"#, a"d h* o"* c-o* !" $hy!ca- $ro6!m!y o h!m or mo o h! o?our" o?ou r" hrou#h 'ra" rom 1O&% o 1O; u"!- ?u 0*or* h* *6*cu!o" !" 5a0rīz (h* ma" r*$o"!0-* or "!#h a"d day ra"cr!$!o" o h* 8ork o h* 4ā0 dur!"# ha $*r!od), "am*-y, D>ā Zuay" Yazdī, 8a o"* o h* mo ac!* $ar!a" o u0ḥ!/za-@ ucc*!o". Mac:o!" ra"-a* $ar o o"* o h* -**r Yazdī *" o a"oh*r $rom!"*" m*m0*r o h* 4ā0ī h!*rarchy, a"d a-o a 4ā0ī cr!0*, Mu--ā I/0d@u- Jarīm ^azī"ī (d. 1O2), dur!"# h* $*r!od !mm*d!a*-y a*r h* *6*cu!o", !" ! addr*!"# a 8oma" ca--*d Maryām, 8h!ch ! !"ruc!* o >uo* h*r*G Q4* add*"*d 0y h* *!"# o (h* u" o) your -ord, a"d 8**$ or h* d!a$$*ara"c* o your ma*r. 4u r*?o!c* !" h! (r*)ar!!"# !" h* **r"a- /za- fa-aza- a-azī-g. /"d 0* #-add*"*d a h* (r*)a$$*ara"c* o your -ord !" h* r!$* ru! (a-hamar a-hamīr o"* o /za-@ !-*), or 0*or* h! d!a$$*ara"c* h* had a$$*ar*d !" h!m,R c. ,i+isions an4 Authority laims in Babism =>?@- , 99P ** ac!m!-* o h* or!#!"a- -**r a"d ! ra"cr!$!o" !" Gismatī az Al+āh-i-ChaDD-i-)u#Da-i-*la Al+āh-i-ChaDD-i-)u#Da-i-*la +a (#ā ?@- , 1;1.
m*aur* #!*" h* ac ha h* -a* (8ha om* ha* ca--*d Wh* maur*@) docr!"a- 8ork o h* 4ā0, *$*c!a--y h* /ra0!c a"d *r!a" 4ayā" (8h*r* h* ord!"a"c* a 8*-- a h* *aur* o 4ā0ī *chao-o#y ar* -a!d ou) **m!"#-y 8*r*"@ d!*m!"a*d or mad* o r!ck-* do8" ar *"ou#h 0*-o8 h** !""*r ru"# o c!rc-* c-o* o h* o$. 4u h! 8a "o du* o a"y a*m$*d co"c*a-m*" or ca$r!c* o" h* $ar o h* 4ā0ī -*ad*rh!$P rah*r h! 8a o, o om* d*#r**, 0*cau* h* a* a"d c-*r!ca- *"*m!* o h* 4ā0ī 8*r* y*ma!ca--y d*roy!"# a"y a"d a-- 8ork o h* 4ā0 a"d h! *ar-y com$a"!o" h*y cou-d *!z* h*!r ha"d u$o"P a"d !"c* ma"y o h* or!#!"a-, h!#h -*ad*rh!$ a h* !m* 8*r* *!h*r d*ad, !"carc*ra*d, !-*"c*d, hu"*d do8" or oh*r8!* !" h!d!"# a"d o" h* ru", -*a!"# m*a#r* "um0*r arou"d u0ḥ!/za-, h! add*d mor* o h* #*"*ra- co"u!o" a"d d!array $r*a!-!"# a h* !m* amo"# h* ra"k a"d !-*. Hā??ī Mīrlā Sā"ī ($*r 4ro8"*@ L*!d*" *6), $*"d!"# h* -a hr** cha$*r o )&#Dat$ul-Cāf d!cu!"# **ra- o h** c-a!ma" !" ur",%; a*m$ !" h! o*ra-- umma!o" o h* !ua!o" o m!"!ma-!z* h* o*ra-- !m$ac o uch Wma"!*a!o"@ !b! u0ḥ!/za-@ auhor!y a d!!"* M!rror, u-!ma*-y charac*r!z!"# h*m a m*r* h*o$ha"!* o*rhado8*d 0y h* Qblesse4 Tree of re-Eternity R ( sha%ara-i-mubāra:a-i-azalīya sha%ara-i-mubāra:a-i-azalīya ),%1 !.*. u0ḥ!/za-.%2 Y* h** 8*r* o"-y m!"or $r*-ud* o 8ha 8a o com* !" du* cour*, h* !"*r"a- -o8*r!"# o 8h!ch h* auhor o )&#Dat$ul-Cāf 8a, ha"ku--y or "o, "o o 8!"* or h!m*-. V" h* mor"!"# o /u#u 1h 1O2 a #rou$ o !6 o **" 4ā0ī, $r!m!!*-y arm*d 8!h 0ad ha"dh*-d muk* a"d k"!*, a"d **k!"# o a*"#* h* maryrdom o h* 4ā0, 8a!*d ou!d* h* #a* o Nāe!ruddī" +hāh ^ā?ār@ Nīyāarā" $a-ac* !" 5*hrā". / h* +hāh rod* ou o h* $a-ac* #a* o" h! hor*, h* 8ou-d0* 4ā0ī aa!" ac*d a"d a*m$*d o am0uh h!m a"d !"!h h!m o. <"oru"a*-y h*y a!-*d o ach!** h*!r o0?*c!*, o"-y ma"a#!"# o $u-- h* k!"# o h! hor*, a"d oo" o*r$o8*r*d 0y h* $a-ac* #uard, !"*ad o"-y !"?ur*d h!m.%3 / h! !m*, o--o8!"# a d!$u* !" 5ākūr !"!#a*d 0y a "o"4ā0ī r*-a!* (a" u"c-*) or $ur$o* o o$$oru"!!c #a!" ha >u!ck-y *ca-a*d !"o a hu#* $o-!!ca- d!ur0a"c*, u0ḥ!/za- 8a o" h! 8ay ra*--!"# rom Nūr 0ack o h* ca$!a-. L*ar"!"# o h* **", a"d o h! o-d*r 0roh*r@ !"o-*m*" !" h* aa!"a!o" $-o, a"d h*" arr*P a"d a-hou#h "o $*ro"a--y !"o-*d, -*ar"!"# a-o ha h* had 0**" $*ro"a--y "am*d a o"* o h* $-o@ !"!#aor 0y auhor!!* ($*rha$ h* 8a d*"ou"c*d 0y h* am* aor*m*"!o"*d o$$oru"! r*-a!* 8ho had m*a"8h!-* mad* h! o8" 8ay o 5*hrā")P ha- 8ay o 5*hrā", h* r*d!r*c*d cour* o8ard ah, a"d "o8 dr*!"# a a %;
22%1 !" 4ro8"*@ L*!d*" *d!!o". )&#Dat$ul-Cāf , 2. %2 Vur $o!!o" a o 8hy uch Wma"!*a!o"@ d!d occur !" h* !r $-ac* do* "o d!*r#* oo ar rom h* !"*"!o" o )&#Dat$ul-Cāf$s auhor. * 8!-- ay h*r* ha, #!*" h* d**$ h*o$ha"o-o#!ca- $o*"cy o h* 4ā0@ 8r!!"# ha ! rar*-y *"cou"*r*d *-*8h*r*, a"d 8h*" h* !m$-!*d +haykhī4ā0ī r*!*ra!o" o h* 7*-$h!c ma6!m ! ak*" !"o accou" (!z. Q8homo**r k"o8 h*!r *-, k"o8 h*!r 'mām, 8ho ! h*!r LordR), h*" uch Wma"!*a!o"@ may 0*com* !"*!a0-* a a ma*r o cour* u"d*r a" ord*r o theophanocracy. For a mor* cho-ar-y, r*ao"*d a"d d*ach*d r*am*" o a" a$*c o 8ha 8* ar* a--ud!"# o h*r*, ** 5odd La8o"@ !--um!"a!"# Q The ,angers of 8ea4ing7 Inlibration ommunion an4 Transference in the Gur$an ommentary of The Bab,R !" *d. Moo?a" Mom*" /cripture an4 8e+elation (V6ordG *or#* o"a-d, 199), 1121%. %3 +** h* accou" !" /00a /ma"a@ The i+ot of the Nni+erse7 )asir Al-,in /hah Ga%ar an4 the Iranian "onarchy =>W==>X (4*rk*-*y, Lo /"#*-* a"d Lo"do"G <"!*r!y o Ca-!or"!a r*, 199), 2;&211. 2;& 211. %1
8a"d*r!"# d*r!h !" ord*r o r*ma!" !"co#"!o, 8!h a" o!c!a- $r!c* o" h! h*ad, u0ḥ! /za- mad* h! 8ay ou o 'ra" a"d o" o Jar0a-ā !" 'rā> a"d h*" o 4a#hdād 8h*r* h* 8ou-d o"-y -a*r 0* ?o!"*d 0y h! o-d*r 0roh*r. %& 5h* a*rmah o h* 0och*d aa!"a!o" a*m$ o" h* +hāh 8a 0-oody, 0rua- a"d d*c!!*. /-- o h* r*ma!"!"# 4ā0ī 4 ā0ī -*ad*rh!$ h!d!"# !" h* c!y, or oh*r8!* u"d*r cuody, 8*r* oo" k!--*d en masse. /mo"# h** 8*r* ^urra@u-I/y", D>ā Zuay" Yazdī, Mu--ā I/0d@u-Jarīm ^azī"ī, amou-y Hā??ī +u-aymā" Jhā" 5a0rīzī, h* auhor o )&#Dat$ul-Cāf Hā??ī Hā??ī Mīrlā Sā"ī Jāhā"ī, +haykh I/līm 5urhīzī, a"d ma"y oh*r 0*!d*. 5h* *roc!ou"* o h* ^ā?ār a*@ r*a-!a!o" a#a!" h* 4ā0ī 8a m*rc!-* a"d u"or#!!"#, -*a!"# h* 4ā0ī -*ad*rh!$ !"!d* 'ra" com$-**-y d*c!ma*d rom h*r* o"G a -*ad*rh!$ 8ho "o8 8a orc*d o r*-oca* ! 0a* o o$*ra!o" o 4a#hdād. !h h* *a0-!hm*" o h* *a o h* 4ā0ī *cc-*!a !" 4a#hdād !" -a* 1O2, h* !"*r"a- $o-!!ca- cha--*"#* o u0ḥ!/za-@ -*ad*rh!$ d!d "o *"d. 4u !r, du* o h* *6$-!c! !"ruc!o" o h* 4ā0, u0ḥ!/za- 8a o ado$ a $o-!cy o com$-** $ro*c!* !o-a!o", 8!h h! o-d*r 0roh*r a"d oh*r am!-y m*m0*r !" 4a#hdād ac!"# a !"*rm*d!ar!* 0*8**" h!m, h* commu"!y a"d h* ou!d* 8or-d. '" h!, ado$!"# h* $o-!cy o ta#īyā, h* 8a com$ar*d o h* H!dd*" 58*-h 'mām o +hīI!m dur!"# h* $*r!od o h* -**r occu-a!o" !.*. h* 'mām 8ho ou#h co"c*a-m*" rom h! *"*m!* a"d o"-y ac*d hrou#h h* !"*rm*d!ary o h! our d*$uy #a* (ab1āb arba'a K1u:alā$ ) 8h*r*!" dur!"# mo o h* 4a#hdād $*r!od (1O21O%3) u0ḥ!/za- 8a #*"*ra--y charac*r!z*d 0y h* 4ā0ī *cc-*!a a 0*!"# h* WH!dd*" /za-@. % 7u* o h! ! a$$*ar ha **ra- !"d!!dua-, !"c-ud!"# u0ḥ!/za-@ o-d*r 0roh*r, ook ada"a#* o h* !ua!o" a"d 0*#a" ada"c!"# ar!ou h*o$ha"!c c-a!m o" h*!r o8" 0*ha-. /-hou#h h* $u0-!c-y, a -*a, d*"!*d h* char#*,%% "**rh*-* 4ahā@u@--āh 8a ru" ou o 4a#hdād (**" hou#h *ch"!ca--y u0ḥ! /za-@ o!c!a- $aro" a"d !"*rm*d!ary) a"d o*r o r*mo* +u-aymā"īya !" 'rā>ī Jurd!a" or 8o y*ar (1O&%) 0y om* o h* $rom!"*" 4ā0ī, 8ho had com* "o8 o 'rā> a"d 8ho char#*d u0ḥ!/za-@ o-d*r 0roh*r 8!h mak!"# $r*c!*-y uch c-a!m. M*a"8h!-*, Mīrzā /ad@u--āh ,ayyān , o"* o h* 4ā0@ -a*r $rom!"*" d!c!$-*P -*ar"*d !" +yr!ac, /ra0!c a"d %&
ūḥī, . 4oh I'zzīya Jhā"ūm a"d 4adīI!h M!r@āī Nūrī $ro!d* h* am* accou". * "o* ha a-- o h* 4ahā@ī accou" 8!hou *6c*$!o" c-a!m ha u0ḥ!/za- o--o8*d h! o-d*r 0roh*r !"o 'rā>, a"d "o h* oh*r 8ay arou"d. Ho8**r, h* chro"o-o#y $ro!d*d $ro !d*d 0y h* 4ahā@ī h!or!* ca" *a!-y 0* cha--*"#*d or ! !"co"!*"c!*, 0u 8* 8!-- -*a* h! ma*r h*r* or h* !m* 0*!"# a"d r*ur" o ! a a"oh*r o$$oru"!y. o $$oru"!y. * hou-d a-o "o* ha a-- o h* 4ahā@ī ourc* ha* $-ac*d *6c-u!* 0-am* a ch!* !"!#aor o h! $-o u$o" +haykh I/līm 5urhīzī. 5h*y 0o-*r h*!r c-a!m 0a*d o" 5urhīzī@ $u0-!c co"*!o". 4u mo o h* 0a-a"c*d ourc* a#r** ha h! 8a a orc*d o rc*d co"*!o" (a"d mad* u"d*r dur*) (/ma"a *6$-!c!-y adm! a much, 211)G a co"*!o" mad* a*r h! arr* a"d "o oo -o"# 0*or* h! *6*cu!o". /-- o our 4ayā"ī ourc*, ho8**r, $-ac* *>ua- 0-am* o" h* h* 4ahā@ī ou"d*r 8ho !mm*d!a*-y a*r h* h* a!-*d aa!"a!o" a*m$ ook r*u#* !" h* u!a" *m0ay du* o h* *or o a "a!* co"u-ar o!c!a- 8ho a-o ha$$*"*d o 0* a c-o* r*-a!* **" "am!"# h!m a h* ch!* ac!-!aor o h* 8ho-* co"$!racy o aa!"a* h* k!"#. % Mac:o!", ,i+isions an4 Authority laims in Babism =>?@-, 1;9, c. Hā??ī Mīrzā Zaydar I/-ī /tories from the ,elight of ;earts, ra". a"d a0r!d#*d /.^. Fa!z! (Lo /"#*-*G Ja-!ma r*, 19O;), O. %% +** Sua" .' Co-*@ ra"-a!o" o 4ahā@u@--āh@ Boo: of the Tigris ( Raḥīfa shaDDīya), 8ho !" h* !"a- $ar o h! ra"-a!o" do* "o !d*"!y 8ho Da'lat-i-ḥayy (r*"d*r*d 0y h!m a h* WL!!"# Cou"*"a"c*@) r**r o. ' ! acua--y o"* o h* 8*-- k"o8" *$!h* o u0ḥ!/za-, h$GKK0aha! -!0rary.comK0ahau--ahah!!hha!yy!hco-* (acc**d -!0rary.comK0ahau--ahah!!hha!yy!hco-* (acc**d 13 /$r!- 2;13).
H*0r*8 a"d 8*-- k"o8" a a" ad*$ o h* occu- c!*"c*P 8ho had a-o 0**" *6$-!c!-y !"ruc*d 0y h* 4ā0 o ac a u0ḥ!/za-@ $ro*cor a"d !"*rm*d!ary, a"d a-o a$$o!"*d a cr!0* o u0ḥ!/za- 0y h* 4ā0P udd*"-y 0*#a" ada"c!"# c-a!m o h* u$r*m* h*o$ha"!c auhor!y a h* 4ā0ī m*!ah h!m*- (man yuQhiruhu$3lāh). 5h! orc*d u0ḥ! /za- o $*" h! orc*u- r*ua!o" Citāb-i-"ustay#īz (h* 4ook o h* /8ak*"*d +-**$*r). /ccord!"# o I'zzīya Jhā"ūm, add!!o"a--y o h!, 7ayyā", u$o" mak!"# h! c-a!m, had a-o u"*>u!oca--y d*"ou"c*d h* 4ā0 !" h* mo *6$-!c!-y u"**m-y *rm a"d d*roy*d ho* ha"d8r!*" 8ork o h! !" h! $o*!o".% Fo--o8!"# u0ḥ!/za-@ ummo" o h!m o com* 0ack rom 'rā>ī Jurd!a", 8!h 7ayyā" "o8 !" 4a#hdād, u$o" 4ahā@u@--āh@ r*ur" rom +u-aymā"īya, ma*r cam* o a h*ad. 7*$u!z*d o !"*r!*8 h!m $*ro"a--y o ac*ra!" h! c-a!m, o--o8!"# h* -*"#hy m**!"#@ co"c-u!o", o" h! *6$-!c! !"ruc!o", 7ayyā" o#*h*r 8!h a d!c!$-* 8*r* h*" !mm*d!a*-y murd*r*d 0y o"* o h* *ra" o 4ahā@u@--āh, o"* Muḥammad Māza"darā"ī.%O !h h* mo *r!ou co"*"d*r y* "o8 ou o h* 8ay h* a#* 8a !"a--y * or h* 7!r*u- M!ch!* ( fitnih-i Raylam).%9 u0ḥ!/za- "o8 r*r*a!"# a#a!" !"o *c-u!o" o u"d*rak* h* com$!-a!o", $r**ra!o" a"d co$y!"# o h* 8ork o h* 4ā0, a 8*-- a o com$o* mor* o h! o8" 8r!!"# a"d o $uru* h! corr*$o"d*"c* 8!h h* 4ā0ī *cc-*!a !" 'ra" a"d *-*8h*r*P rar*-y #ra"!"# aud!*"c* oh*r ha" o h* mo "oa0-* o h! -oya-!P a"d 8!h h* 7ayyā" *$!od* "o8 0*h!"d h*mP 4ahā@u@--āh ou"d h!m*- !" $o*!o" o co"!d*ra0-* auhor!y a"d $r*!#*, 8!h h* **c!* mach!"*ry o h* 4ā0ī -*ad*rh!$ "o8 !" h! *6c-u!* ha"d. 4*8**" 1O% o 1O%3 8h*" h* Nūrī am!-y ook -!#h rom 4a#hdād o Voma" 5urk*y, 0! 0y 0!, 4ahā@u@--āh u"d*rm!"*d u0ḥ!/za-@ auhor!y >u!*-y, urr*$!!ou-y a"d !" oa- *a-h a !r car*u--y 0u!-d!"# h! $o8*r 0a* a"d ma*r!ar*ourc*P *cr*-y arac!"# h! uur* cadr* o d*o*d u$$or*rP $u0-!c-y d!ao8!"# a"y c-a!m ar!0u*d o h!m 8h*"**r h* rumour c!rcu-a*dP a"d a-- h* 8h!-*, o"c* a#a!", ac!"# a u0ḥ!/za-@ ch!* !"*rm*d!ary, or*mo a#*" a"d $ro*corG d**rm!"!"# 8ho 8a a"d 8ho 8a "o o ha* acc* o h!m, a"d co"ro--!"# 8ha 8a a"d 8ha 8a "o #o!"# o $a h! "o!c*. Vu8ard-y !" $**ch a"d 8r!!"# dur!"# h! !m* 4ahā@u@--āh d*c-ar*d com$-** $!r!ua- *r!ud* a"d o0*!a"c* o u0ḥ!/za-, h! you"#*r ha-0roh*r. H*r* ! ! 8orh >uo!"# rom om* o h! o8" 8ord o h* $*r!od, rom h! 4a#hdād *ra !-- a"d 5*am*", o 8!, H*ar h* ca-- o h* Mo Ho-y L*a f!.*. u0ḥ! /za-g $*ak!"# u"o h** rom 0*h!"d h* T*!-, or ! ! H* 8ho ! h* V"* 8hom od f!.*. h* 4ā0g hah %
I'zzīya Jhā"ūm, O9. %O D>ā Jhā" J!rmā"ī a"d +haykh /ḥmad ūḥī ;asht Bihisht (4aya"! 7!#!a- u0-!ca!o", 2;;1), 21%. ;asht Bihisht (4aya"! %9 5h! ! h* charac*r!za!o" #!*" 0y h* 4ayā"ī *6 o h* /za-ī4ahā@ī ch!m. No* D>ā Jhā" J!rmā"ī a"d +haykh /ḥmad ūḥī "am* oh*r co"*"d*r a 8*-- 8ho a-o aro* a*r 7ayyā", 0u h** 8*r* o "o !#"!!ca" co"*>u*"c* or $o*d a"y *r!ou -o"#*rm hr*a. Ma"y o h*m 8ou-d a-o oo" r*rac h*!r c-a!m, -a*r ?o!"!"# 4ahā@u@--āh a h! mo z*a-ou $ar!a". '" a humorou 0u $o!#"a" a!d*, D>ā Jhā" J!rmā"ī a"d +haykh /ḥmad ūḥī o0*r*, Qma*r r*ach*d uch a a* ha *ach mor"!"# **ryo"* r!!"# rom h*!r 0*d 8ou-d !mm*d!a*-y ador" h*m*-* 8!h h! $ r**"!o",R 21 (my ra".)
a$$o!"*d a h* **r-*Kh* +*-+u0!*" (al-#ayy&m) T*r!-y H* ! h* r* :*r"a- -um!"ary_homo**r ur" a!d* rom H!m hah $*r!h*d_H* ! h* h!* Ha"d !" h* +!"!a!c Mou" or h* 'ra*- o h* 4ayā"_5h*r* ! "o #od 0u H* f/za-g, h* L!!"#, h* o8*ru-, h* **r-*Kh* +*-+u0!*"_od hah orda!"*d !" h* 4ook ha a*r h* *m*m0ra"c* f 4hi:r , !.*. h* 4ā0g ha a-hou-d ur" h*m*-* o8ard h* /6! o h! Cau* f!.*. u0ḥ!/za-g_V *o$-* o h* 4ayā", ca" a"yo"* $roduc* -!k* *r!ca-!#" (āyāt ) a u"o ho* r**a-*d !" h* 4ook_T*r!-y h* *m"a" o od (ba#īyat$u$llāh) !" h** day ! h* /c*"da" L!#h f!.*. u0ḥ!/za-g_!"* !" your h*ar ha a$$*ara"c* o h* /c*"da" L!#h, or ha h* *m"a" o od 8ho 8!-- a$$*ar !" h* mustaghāth f!.*. 2;;1 y*ar, !z. h* 4ā0ī m*!ah man yuQhiruhu$3lāhg ! !"d**d h* *a- 5ruh, r*#ard!"# 8h!ch h*r* ! "o dou0 /"d *r!-y 8* ar* a-- amo"# h* *6$*ca"...+ay, ! "o h* Fac* o L!#h f!.*. /za-g u!c!*" u"o y* a--, 8ho ! **" rom 0*h!"d h* T*!- o -ory 0y a comma"d rom od, h* /--+**!"#, h* **r-*K+*-+u0!*" V $*o$-*, ha* ' "o ummo"*d y* u"o od a"d H! *r!ca-!#" a"d u"o h* /c*"da" L!#h...<$o" you 0* h* *m*m0ra"c* f!.*. h* 4ā0g a"d o" ho* 8ho $rora* h*m*-* 0*or* h* Fac* o od f1a%h$ullāh, !.*. u0ḥ!/za-g._T*r!-y od hah mad* ha So*$h h* f/c*"da"g L!#h f!.*. u0ḥ!/za-g h* +o*r*!#" o h* 5ru* V"* !" h* c!y o h* 4ayā" 4u h* $*o$-* ar* a d*ad, co"c*a-!"# h*m*-* 8!h!" h* *!- o h*!r o8" 0a* *#o, or *r!-y h* -*a* o h** $a#* ar* $roo o my *r!ud* o H! Fac* f!.*. +u0h!/za-g, 8ou-d y* 0u k"o8 !, oh*r8!* d*roy h*m !" h* r!*r o ha ho* !" h* r*a-m o co"!"#*"cy m!#h 0*ar 8!"* o h* *r* o od, h*!r Lord (my am*"d*d ra".); '"!!a--y h* h*o$ha"!c c-a!m !r $u or8ard 0y 4ahā@u@--āh !" h* -a* 4a#hdād $*r!od o h* -a* 1O;K*ar-y 1O%; 8a o ḥusaynīyat (!.*. (!.*. h* Wr*ur"@ o 'mām Zuay") a"d "o $*c!!ca--y o h* u$r*m* h*o$ha"!c auhor!y a h* 4ā0ī m*!ah.1 /ccord!"# o h* am!-y ourc*, a 8*-- a **ra- oh*r 4ayā"ī o"*P a"d co"rary o h* o!c!a- 4ahā@ī $o!!o" $ro?*c*d r*ro$*c!*-yP h* had c*ra!"-y "o mad* a"y *6$-!c! c-a!m o h! u$r*m* auhor!y, $u0-!c-y a -*a, !" /$r!- 1O%3 ?u o" h* ** o h! d*$arur* rom 4a#hdād !" May. 5h! 8a o com* !" :d!r"* o" h* 4-ack +*a coa !" Voma" 5urk*y o"-y 8ohr** y*ar -a*r.
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/m*"d*d rom h* -!#h-y #ar0-*d *r!o" o" 4aya"!c.com, 8h!ch ! or!#!"a--y Sa-a- /za-@ ra"-a!o". / ca" o h* or!#!"a- docum*" !" u-- a 8*-- a a y$*cr!$ o ! may 0* ou"d h*r*, h$GKK0aya"!c.comK"o*K0aha5*K4aha5*am*".hm- (r*r!**d h$GKK0aya"!c.comK"o*K0aha5*K4aha5*am*".hm (r*r!**d 13 /$r!- 2;12). Fac!m!-* o h* or!#!"adocum*" a-o orm a" a$$*"d!6 o I'zzīya Jhā"ūm, 1&2& &. 1 Mac:o!", ,i+isions an4 Authority laims in Babism =>?@-, 119. V" h* o--o8!"# $a#* Mac:o!" "o*, Q_fr*#ard!"# h* 4ayā"īg 0*-!* ha h* $r**" a#* ! ha o h* r*ur" o Zuay" o--o8!"# h* a$$*ara"c* o h* 4ā0_ar!ou r**r*"c* o /za- a al-n&r (or (or !m$-y n&r ),), tal'at al-n&r , or 1i%hat al-n&r (!c), (!c), or o h! 8r!!"# a āyāt al-n&r , Raḥā$if al-n&r , a"d o o", a--_r*-a* 0ack o h* !d*"!!ca!o" !d*"!!ca!o" o n&r 8!h 8!h Zuay",R 12;. 5h! #*"*rau"d*ra"d!"# 8ou-d ha* ur*-y $o*d a #-ar!"# co"rad!c!o" o 4ahā@u@--āh@ *ar-y c-a!m o ḥusaynīyat , a ac co"!"ua--y u"d*rcor*d a"d h!#h-!#h*d hrou#hou ho* 4ayā"ī *6 r*u!"# h!m.
<"d*r $r*ur* rom h* 'ra"!a" #o*r"m*" o r*mo* h*m rom h* "*ar $ro6!m!y o ! 0ord*r, !" *ar-y 1O%3 h* Voma" #o*r"m*" a#r**d o r*mo* h* $r**"c* o h* 4ā0ī -*ad*rh!$ rom 4a#hdād a"d o r**-* h*m o" Voma" 5urk!h o!ar r*mo*d rom 'ra"!a" *rr!or!a- 0ord*r. 5h* Nūrī, h*!r hou*ho-d, a"d ho* d*o** 8ho o--o8*d h*m !"o h* Voma" *6!-*, 8*r* !r r**-*d 0y h* +u0-!m* or* !" 'a"0u- a"d hor-y h*r*a*r !" No*m0*r 1O%3 !" :d!r"* o" h* 4-ack +*a coa. / h! *ar-!* ?u"cur* o h* Voma" *6!-* 4ahā@u@--āh 8a !-- o!c!a--y ac!"# !" h* ca$ac!y o u0ḥ!/za-@ $ro*cor a"d !"*rm*d!ary. Ho8**r, #!*" ha h* "um0*r o h* $rom!"*" 4ā0ī -oya-! arou"d u0ḥ!/za- !" :d!r"* had u0a"!a--y d*cr*a*dP 8h*r* h* "um0*r o acua- u$$or*r a"d $ar!a" $r**" 8*r* "o8 ack*d mor* !" 4ahā@u@--āh@ "um*r!ca- aour rah*r ha" u0ḥ!/za-@P rom a0ou 1O%& o 1O% h* "aur* o h* c-a!m $u orh 0y 4ahā@u@--āh 0*cam* 0o-d*r a"d mor* dar!"# 0y h* day u"!- 0y *ar-y 1O% h* had *m$ha!ca--y mad* h* c-a!m o h* u$r*m* h*o$ha"!c auhor!y !*- a h* 4ā0ī m*!ah a"d had h! c!rc-* o $ar!a" $u0-!c-y a*" o !. !*" ha h* **c!* mach!"*ry a"d a$$arau o h* 4ā0ī -*ad*rh!$ 8a a-r*ady !" h! ha"d, h! cha--*"#* o u0ḥ!/za-@ auhor!y $ro*d -!k* "o"* 0*or* !. u0ḥ!/za- !mm*d!a*-y a"d u"*>u!oca--y d*"ou"c*d h! o-d*r 0roh*r@ c-a!m *r0a--y a"d !" 8r!!"# o"c* ! had 0**" mad* *6$-!c!. / ! 8a urh*r $u0-!c!z*d amo"# h* 4ā0ī *cc-*!a !" 'rā> a"d 'ra", h* 8r!*" r*ua!o" o h** c-a!m $our*d !" rom a-d!r*c!o" 0y h* oh*r $rom!"*" -oya-! o u0ḥ!/za-, 8h!ch o"-y *ca-a*d ma*r !"o our!#h commu"a- !o-*"c*, murd*r, mayh*m a"d u"$ara--*-*d r*ach*ry o" h* $ar o h* 4ahā@ī z*a-o. 5h* com$-** $-! o h* 8o ac!o" 8a **c!* 0y +*$*m0*r 1O%. 58o "oa0-* a*m$ o ha* u0ḥ!/za- murd*r*d 0y h* 4ahā@ī a!-*d o" *ach a*m$.2 Vh*r -oya-! o u0ḥ!/za- 8*r* "o o -ucky. :.. 4ro8"*, ummar!z!"# ;asht Bihisht , a*G 2
5h* !r 8a a" a*m$ a h* hou* o 4ahā@u@--āh 8h*r* u0ḥ!/za- had 0**" !"!*d a a -u"ch #u*, !.*. h* amou W$o!o"!"# !"c!d*"@. V h! !"c!d*", a "arra!* 8h!ch h* 4ahā@ī h!or!* ha* r *o-d o h*!r o8" ada"a#*, 4adīI!h M!r@āī Nūrī 8r!* !" h*r Ya#ā'i-i-8āstīn-i-Tā:&r-i-)&r (y$*cr!$, ".$., ".d., "o $a#!"a!o")G $a# !"a!o")G Q_fV" h* day !" >u*!o"g +u-ā" Jhā"ūm f*"!-*d h* r*a* Ho-y L*ag, 8ho a h* !m* 8a !-- a 0*-!**r !" h*r mo au#u u"c-* f!.*. /za-g, 8!h 0-!"k a"d #-a"c*, f8h*" h* ood 8a 0rou#h ou 0y h* *ra"g !"d!ca*d ha ha h* f/za-g hou-d "o $arak* o h* m*a- $-ac*d 0*or* h!m. h*" h* Mīrzā f!.*. 4ah@u@--ahg !"!*d ha H! Ho-!"* *a, H! Ho-!"* r*u*d, h*r*u$o" h* aor*m*"!o"*d a8 ha H! Ho-!"* had 0*com* a$$ra!*d o h*!r *!- !"*"!o" f!.*. o k!-- h!mg, a"d h*r*or*, !" o rd*r o d*-*c a*"!o", h* f!.*. 4ahā@u@--āhg $roc**d*d o *a a *8 $or!o" rom ha $-a* o f$o!o"*dg oo d h!m*-. 'mm*d!a*-y h! f!.*. 4ahā@u@--āh@g a* 8a o*rur"*d f!.*. h* 0*cam* !o-*"-y !--g. H* h*" hr*8 h* $-a* o o od !" h* couryard ou!d*. '" ha yard h*r* 8a a do# 8ho !mm*d!a*-y 0*#a" o *a fh* d!card*d oodg a"d h*r*u$o" d!*d hor-y h*r*a*r. h*" h* Mīrzā f!.*. 4ahā@u@--āhg 0*h*-d 0*h*-d h! c*"*, h* 8a *m0arra*d, a"d o o u#h ou a $hy!c!a". /*r r*#a!"!"# h! h*a-h, h* $roc**d*d o $r*ad rumour ha H! Ho-!"* f/za-g had a*m$*d o $o!o" h!m...No o"* ak, V "o0-* #*"-*m*", 8ho had h* k!ch*" a"d ! cook fo" ha dayg a h*!r d!$oa- ' 8a you 8ho had !"!*d H! Ho-!"* o*r o -u"ch a your #u* f!" your hou*g. 7!d h* h!d* h* !a- o $o!o" !" h! h!r -*** 8h*r*0y h* d*$o!*d ! !" h* ood fr!#h u"d*r your "o* 8!hou you "o!c!"#gR / *r!o" o h! accou" o h* !"c!d*" ! a-o corro0ora*d 0y ;asht Bihisht , 21O. 5h* *co"d *co "d !"c!d*" !"*"d*d o 0r!"# harm u$o" u0ḥ!/za-, 8h!ch accord!"# o ;asht Bihisht occurr*d occurr*d h* o--o8!"# day, 8a a a!-*d a*m$ 8!h a razor !" h* $u0-!c 0ah a :d!r"* 0y 4ahā@u@--āh@ $ar!a", h* 0ar0*r MuḥammadI/-ī 'ahā"ī /almānī , a 8h!ch $o!" u0ḥ!/za- $*rma"*"-y *$ara*d h!m*- rom h! o-d*r 0roh*r, h! 0roh*r@ hou*ho-d a"d $ar!a".
/-- $rom!"*" u$$or*r o +u0h!:z*- 8ho 8!hood Mnrz Hu*y" \/-n\ f!.*. 4ahā@u@--āh@g c-a!m 8*r* mark*d ou or d*ah, a"d !" 4a#hdad Mu-- a?a0 \/-n CahLr a"d h! 0roh*r, H?n Mnrz /hmad, H?n Mnrz Muhammad !z, a"d **ra- oh*r *-- o"* 0y o"* 0y h* k"!* or 0u--* o h* aa!"_/ o h* aa!"a!o" o h* hr** :z*-n, pk S" 4*y, H?n +*yy!d Muhammad o 'ah", a"d Mnrz !zJu-n o 5arnh, 0y om* o 4*h\ o--o8*r a /cr*, h*r* ca", ' *ar, 0* 0u -!-* dou0_h* $aa#* !" h* CitKb-i-A:4as f!.*. 4ahā@u@--āh@ 0ook o -a8g a--ud!"# (a$$ar*"-y) o H?n +*yy!d Muhammad\ d*ah_$ro* ha 4*h\u\--h r*#ard*d h! **" 8!h om* com$-a!a"c*_3 /*m$!"# o *u$ u0ḥ!/za- $*ro"a--y a"d mak* *r!ou rou0-* or h!m a"d h! d*o** 8!h h* Voma" auhor!!* d!r*c-y, h* 4ahā@ī $ar!a" h*" ma"uacur*d a *r!* o !"-ammaory $am$h-*, 8h!ch h*y ar!0u*d o u0ḥ!/za-, **" or#!"# h! !#"aur*, !" 8h!ch h*r* 8a *6$r**d our!#h d*!#" o" h* Voma" hro"* a"d a*m$ o o*rhro8 ! o" h* $ar o u0ḥ!/za-. 5h** $am$h-* 8*r* d!r!0u*d a "!#h 0y 4ahā@ī z*a-o a h* hom* o o!c!a- !" :d!r"*, *$*c!a--y o"* a h* hom* o ! #o*r"or. / h! $o!" Voma" o!c!a-, 8ho 8*r* a-r*ady a$$ra!*d o h* !o-*" *ca-a!o" o h* ch!m, ac*d a"d o !" /u#u 1O%O 0a"!h*d u0ḥ!/za-, h! am!-y, om* o h! r*ma!"!"# u$$or*r a 8*-- a our 4ahā@ī o h* !-a"d o Cy$ru 8h!-* 0a"!h!"# 4ahā@u@--āh, h! am!-y, h! u$$or*r a"d our d*o** o u0ḥ!/za- o /cr* !" a-*!"*. 5h*y arra"#*d ma*r !" uch a 8ay a a" !"!!a!* o $y o" h*m h*r*0y *"a0-!"# h*m*-* o h*"c*orh k**$ a0r*a o h* ac!!!* o *ach cam$, *$*c!a--y o !!or 8ho may com* rom *-*8h*r*. Ho8**r, h* 4ahā@ī ma"a#*d o k!-- a-- our o h* 4ayā"ī *" 8!h h*m *" rou* 8!h h* r*ma!"!"# hor-y a*r arr!a- !" /cr*.& / h! $o!" h* 4ā0ī *cc-*!a 8a o 0* $-! or**r !"o h* 8o r!a- /za-ī a"d 4ahā@ī cam$P 8!h h* 4ahā@ī u!-!z!"# h* mach!"*ry h*y had a-r*ady ac>u!r*d *ar-!*r o #r*a ucc* o *6$a"d h*m*-*P h!, 8h!-* $ro?*c!"# h*!r o8" r*!ma#!"*d, uua--y a-!!*d, co"-a*d, r*8r!*" a"d r*!*d *car!a" "arra!* o h!ory o" o h* $a 8h!-* #*"*ra--y u$$r*!"# h* a-u*, 0*-!*, a$!ra!o" a"d accou" o h* *ar-!*r mo*m*". 5h* 4ā0 h!m*- 8a "o8 r*-*#a*d 0y h*m a a m*r* h*ra-d a"d or*ru""*r o 4ahā@u@--āh 8!h h! !d*a a"d aur* d*mo*d a"d a"!!z*d o accord mor* 8!h h* "*8 4ahā@ī docr!"*. u0ḥ!/za- 8a tout court ca*#or!ca--y ca*#or!ca--y a"d u"aham*d-y d*mo"!z*d 0y h*m, a h* ha 0**" **r !"c*. +om* o h* 8ork o h* 4ā0 a"d u0ḥ!/za-, a"d 3
A Tra+ellers )arrati+e 9ritten to Illustrate the Episo4e Episo4e of the Bāb, To-um* 2, No* , 39 U 3;.
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:.. 4ro8"* mak* h* o--o8!"# o0*ra!o" a o 8hy h* 0*-!** h* 4ahā@ī ac!o" u-!ma*-y u-!ma*-y r!um$h*d a -*a ma*r!a--y $*ak!"# o*r h*!r 4ayā"ī r!a- !" :d!r"*G Q/ commu"!y a ha 8h!ch *6!*d a /dr!a"o$-* f!.*. :d!r"*g, co"!!"# a-mo *"!r*-y o acua- *6!-* a"d $o*"!a- maryr, a"d !" -ar# * $ar o r*-!#!ou *"hu!a, r*o-u!o"ary !!o"ar!*, a"d $*cu-a!* my!c, 8ho* r* -* ac!!!*, d*0arr*d rom *6*r"a- ac!o", ! $*" u$ 8!h!" -!m! oo "arro8 or ! r** *6*rc!*, r*>u!r* a !rm ha"d o co"ro- a"d d!r*c ! *"*r#!*. +uch !rm"* +u0ḥ!:z*-, a $*ac*-o!"#, co "*m$-a!*, #*"-* ou-, 8ho--y d*o*d o h* m*mory o h! 0*-o*d Ma*r, car!"# -!-* or auhor!y, a"d !"ca$a0-* o *-a*r!o", **m o ha* a-o#*h*r -ack*d_R c. Tārī:h-i-2a4ī4 or )e1 ;istory of "īrzā 'Alī "uḥamma4 the Bāb by "īrzā
*$*c!a--y *ar-!*r $r*ch!m h!or!* ha 8*r* d**m*d !"?ur!ou o 4ahā@ī !"*r*, 8*r* *!h*r *arch*d ou a"d d*roy*d, u$$r**d or a-o#*h*r co"c*a-*d rom h*!r o8" ra"k a"d !-* a!hu- a"d h* $u0-!c a -ar#* a-!k*. 5h* 4ayā"ī 8*r* o h*"c*orh #o u"d*r#rou"d, ma!"a!" h*!r r*-!#!ou 0*-!* $r!a*-y a"d $rac!c* ta#īya, a"d r*d!r*c h*!r *or o8ard h* $ah o $o-!!ca- ac!!m a"d oc!a- r*orm !" 'ra" !" h* !#h a#a!" ^ā?ār d*$o!m. For u0ḥ!/za- h* "*6 oryhr** y*ar o h! *6!-* a*r 1O%O 8*r* o 0* $*" !" r*-a!* *c-u!o" !" Fama#ua, Cy$ru, 8h*r*, urrou"d*d 0y om* o h! am!-y, a"d occa!o"a- !! 0y d*o*d r*-a!* a"d 0*-!**r, h* 8a o !"d om* m*aur* o $*ac*, *cur!y a"d r**dom, $ar!cu-ar-y a*r h* ra"*r*"c* o h* !-a"d rom Voma" o 4r!!h co"ro- !" 1OO o--o8!"# h* uo5urk!h 8ar. H*r* h* 8a o $uru* -o"#, ru!ucorr*$o"d*"c* 8!h h* ou!d* 8or-d, $ar!cu-ar-y :uro$*a", amo"# ho* 0*!"# 8!h h* Fr*"ch d!$-oma ur"*d 4ā0ī /-$ho"* Lou! 7a"!*- (/.L.M.) N!co-a (d. 1939) a"d Cam0r!d#* Vr!*"a-! :d8ard ra"!--* 4ro8"* (d. 192%), 8ho 8a o $*ro"a--y m** 8!h u0ḥ!/za- a"d h! am!-y 8!c* !" Fama#ua. Ma"y co$!* o h* 8ork o h* 4ā0 a 8*-a h! o8" (*!h*r ha"dco$!*d 0y h!m*-, 0y h! o" !8ā" I/-ī, or arra"#*d hrou#h oh*r 4ā0ī cr!0* -!k* Mīrzā Mueiaā Jā!0 !" 'ra") 8*r* o 0*#!" !"d!"# h*!r 8ay !"o :uro$*a" Vr!*"a-! ma"ucr!$ -!0rary co--*c!o" a h! $*r!od (*$. ho* a Cam0r!d#* <"!*r!y, h* 4r!!h Mu*um a"d h* *8 !" h* 4!0-!oh=>u* Na!o"a-* !" ar!). 5h*r* 8a "o a*m$ 0y u0ḥ!/za- or h! am!-y, a"d ho* d*o** 8!h h!m h*r*, o $ro$a#a* h* 4ā0ī docr!"* !" Cy$ruP 0u ! do* a$$*ar h* 8a co"!d*r*d a om* k!"d o Mu-!m ho-y ma" 0y h* -oca-. Mom*" c-a!m, or !"a"c*, ha u0ḥ!/za- 8a r*#u-ar-y !!*d 0y o8"$*o$-* a"d r*-!#!ou d!#"!ar!* dur!"# h** y*ar o" h* occa!o" o h* a""ua- *a o Bayram. /*r a" !--"* -a!"# "!"* mo"h ha $ro#r*!*-y 8or*"*d, a"d ur!!"# h! o-d*r *$0roh*r a"d r!a- 0y "*ar-y 8o d*cad*, u0ḥ!/za- d!*d a **" o@c-ock o" h* mor"!"# o Mo"day /$r!- 29, 1912, a a$$ro6!ma*-y *!#hyK*!#hyo"* y*ar o a#*.% H* 8a 0ur!*d !" a -o ad?o!"!"# Fama#ua@ commo" Mu-!m c*m**ry h*" o"-y a m!-* ou!d* o h* c!y. +om* y*ar -a*r h* 4ayā"ī commu"!y 0u!- a mod* rucur* a a hr!"* o*r ! ha !-- a"d oday. u0ḥ!/za-@ !r marr!a#* occurr*d 8h*" h* 8a !6**"K**"**" y*ar o a#* a"d ! 8a o o"* Fāi!ma Jhā"ūm 8ho 0or* h!m h! !r o" "am*d Mīrzā Muḥammad Hādī. 5h! 8!* a"d o" 8*r* -* 0*h!"d o--o8!"# h* d!ur0a"c* !" 5ākūr, Nūr, 8h*" ū0ḥ!/za- (h*ar!"# o h* 0och*d aa!"a!o" o" h* +hāh) ook -!#h o 4a#hdād. H* -a*r marr!*d Maryam Jhā"ūm, a-o k"o8" a ^ā"!!h. +h* 0or* h!m />ā!Nūr. H* had oh*r o", a 8*-- a dau#h*r, 0y oh*r 8!*, 8o o 8hom marr!*d h* ou"d!"# ah*r o h* 'ra"!a" Co"!u!o"a- *o-u!o", +haykh /ḥmad ūḥī
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The yprus EHiles, 9.
+** :.. 4ro8"*@ a0r!d#*d ra"-a!o" o !8ā" I/-ī@ accou" r*#ard!"# h! ah*r@ $a!"# !" "aterials for the /tu4y of the Bābī 8eligion (Cam0r!d#*G Cam0r!d#* <"!*r!y r*, 191O), 31;313. 4adīI!h M!r@āī Nūrī, 8ho a*r h* $ro$*ry, 8h!ch 0*cam* h* !"a- r*!"# $-ac*, had a-r*ady 0**" ac>u!r*d 0y h* 4ayā"ī commu"!y **ra- y*ar *ar-!*r $r!or o u0ḥ!/za-@ $a!"# a"d 8a, !" a"y ca*, $*c!!ca--y $urcha*d or ha *"d.
(d. 1O9%) a"d Mīrzā /#hā Jhā" J!rmā"ī (d. 1O9%).O Mom*"@ The yprus EHiles (OO9) -! a oa- o **"**" 8!* o#*h*r 8!h h* "am* o h* o$r!"# r*u-!"# rom h** marr!a#*. Ho8**r, h*r* ! r*ao" o r*ma!" cau!ou o ha "um0*r a"d h* $*c!!c h* $ro!d*. Co"rary o Mom*"@ c-a!m*d "um0*r, 4adīI!h M!r@āī Nūrī@ Ya#ā'i-i-8āstīn-iTā:&r-i-)&r -! o"-y !6 8!* !" a--.9 ' ! $o!0-* Mom*" ha co"u*d om* 4ayā"ī d*o** or acua- $ou*. 5h* >u*!o" o ucc*!o" o u0ḥ!/za- ha 0**" a hor"y o"* !" $r!" 8!h **ra- co"rad!cory h*or!* 0*!"# $ro$ou"d*d !mu-a"*ou-y. * do "o c-a!m o r*o-* ! o"c* a"d or a--, 0u a *8 8ord ar* !" ord*r. u0ḥ!/za- had !"!!a--y a$$o!"*d Hā??ī Mīrzā Hādī 7a8-aā0ādīO; o ucc**d h!m a M!rror o h* 4ayā"P 0u Hādī 7a8-aā0ādī d!*d !" Vco0*r 19;O, hr** a"d a ha- y*ar 0*or* u0ḥ!/za-@ o8" $a!"#. Vh*r docum*" !"d!ca* ha u0ḥ!/za- a-o a$$o!"*d h! #ra"do" Hā??ī Mīrzā /ḥmad 8&h$ullāh M!0āḥ a-Hukamā@ (d. 19&;K&1) !" om* ca$ac!y o ucc*!o".O1 Ho8**r, o--o8!"# Hādī 7a8-aā0ādī@ d*ah, "o ucc*!* M!rror 8a o!c!a--y a$$o!"*d a"d o, $*r h* 4ā0@ !-- a"d 5*am*", *ch"!ca--y -*ad*rh!$ o h* r*-!#!o" o h* 4ayā" d*o-*d u$o" ! !"** ( shāhi4īn ). / a" !"*r!m arra"#*m*" co"c*!*d 0y shāhi4īnK shuha4ā$ ). u0ḥ!/za- o ak* **c u$o" h! d*ah, ! a$$*ar h* h*" a$$o!"*d Hādī 7a8-aā0ādī@ o" Yaḥyā a"d h! o8" #ra"do" M!0āḥ a-Hukamā@ ?o!"-y a a" a4 hoc duum!ra* o temporal -*ad*r o ak* o" uch aa!r a adm!"!*r!"# a"d a*"d!"# o h* "**d o h* 4ayā"ī commu"!y dur!"# h*!r -!*!m*, 0u "o !" a"y !"a--!0-y #u!d*d ca$ac!y or ra"k a d!!"* m!rror or h* -!k*. O2 !*" h!, h* u"a"!mou co"*"u o h* co"*m$orary 4ayā"ī commu"!y oday ! *m$ha!c !" !"!!"# ha Mīrzā Yaḥyā 7a8-aā0ādī 8a "o h* ucc*or o u0ḥ!/za- a M!rror o h* 4ayā". H! u"c!o" 8a *"!r*-y om*h!"# *-*.
ray*r o h* h* +**" or-d '" *ar-y 2;; h* 8*0ma*r o 4aya"!c.com u$-oad*d o ha !* a ca""*d ac!m!-* o h* M+. o a $r*!ou-y u"k"o8" a"d u"-!*d 8ork o u0ḥ!/za-@ *"!-*d .n the /e+en 9orl4s an4 the /e+enfol4 "etaphysical /ubtleties (Fī 'A11ālim al-/aba'a 1a "ashāZir al-/aba'a )O3 8ho* O
ūḥī, &. Mom*" ! o0!ou-y r*-y!"# o" Ma-!kJhoraī@ I#līm-i-)&r (5*hrā"G Muqaaah! M!--ī!Mai0ūā!/mrī, 199), 8h!ch 4adīI!h M!r@āī Nūrī r!#h-y c-a!m o 0* a 0!a*d ourc* 0a*d o" curr!-ou ha-ruh, h!or!ca8h!*8ah a"d our!#h *6a##*ra!o" 8!hou u$$or!"# *!d*"c*. O; For h! 0!o#ra$hy, ** [ā4-,āshthā-i-Gaz+īnī *d. 'ra? /hār (5*hrā"G '"!hārā!I'-mī, 19O&), 2%%;. O1 +** A ,escripti+e ,escripti+e atalogue of the .riental .riental "//! belonging to the late E!0! Bro1ne, F.2(9), !*m 2, %&. O2 r!a* commu"!ca!o", 2;;9. O3 H*"c*orh h* /e+en 9orl4s, ** h$GKK888.0aya"!c.comKho8!c.$h$!d*"*Ur*;U*rr;Ucurr; (r*r!**d 13 March 2;13). 5h! 8ork a"d h* co--*c!o" rom 8h!ch ! ! ak*" ! "o -!*d 0y :.. 4ro8"* 0*cau* ! do* "o **m o ha* 0**" acc*!0-* or **" k"o8" o h!m, ** 4ro8"*@ -! !" Q atalogue an4 ,escription of M Bābī "anuscripts ,R 2ournal of the 8oyal Asiatic Asiatic /ociety (S/+), To-. 2& (1O92), &O&93P %%;%%2P Qersonal 8eminiscences of the Babi Insurrection at \an%an in =>?@,R 28A/ To-. 29 (1O9), %&%%P a"d h* d*cr!$!* -! !" "aterials for the /tu4y of the Bābī 8eligion (Cam0r!d#*G Cam0r!d#* <"!*r!y r*, 191O), 21122;. 5h! $o!", ho8**r, hou-d 0* u"d*rcor*dG h* 4ro8"* 0!0-!o#ra$h!ca- -! o h* 8ork o u0ḥ!/za- ar* "o *6hau!*, a h* h!m*- adm!. / h* co"c-u!o" o h*r 0!o#ra$hy, or *6am$-*, ūḥī c!* h* "um0*r o"* hu"dr*d a"d 8*"y a o h* "um0*r o !"d*$*"d*" 8ork o ary!"# -*"#h auhor*d 0y u0ḥ!/za-, 0u h* 9
or!#!"a- M+. *6*m$-ar r*ma!" amo"# h* aor*m*"!o"*d $r!a* 4ayā"ī co--*c!o" !" 'ra". /*r urh*r !">u!r!* mad* 0y u 8!h h* 4ayā"ī commu"!y, h* or!#!"a- o h* ca""*d *6 o h* u$-oad*d M+. (8ho* curr*" $a#!"a!o" !" h* d!#!a- *r!o" 8a mad* 0y h* 8*0ma*r o 4aya"!c.com) 8a r**a-*d o 0* a" auo#ra$h !" h* auhor@ o8" ha"d a"d $ar o h* co"c-ud!"# *c!o" o a" *6*"!* corr*$o"d*"c*, co"!!"# o -*"#hy r*$o"* 0y h* auhor o 8*"your (or 8*"y!*) >u*!o" or!#!"a--y $u 0y a "o8 u"k"o8" >u*r*"O& a"d a-- r*o-!"# arou"d m*a$hy!ca- o$!c r!ch !" *o*r!c a"d #"o!c h*m*. 5h* /e+en 9orl4s d*a!- h* !!o"ary !!"*rary o a d**$ *o*r!c m*a$hy!c *"um*ra!"# h* m*ocom!c a"d m*acom!c r*a-m a #*oo$hy o h* mun4us imaginalis ('ālam al-mithāl ) !" ! d*c*"d!"# h!*rarch!* 8!h!" a #*"*ra- d!cu!o" o my!ca8ayar!"# ( sul& sul&k) a $*r h* *aur*d *o*r!c -a"dca$* o h* 4ā0ī $!r!ua- u"!*r*. :ach o h** **" d*c*"d!"# 8or-d ar*, O !" ur", h*-d o ym0o-!z* 8!h 11.. o"* o h* **" -**r o h* "am* I/-ī Muḥammad,O% ha !, h* $ro$*r "am* o h* 4ā0, 8ho ! -!k*8!* a-o k"o8" a h* Essence of the /e+en 3etters (4hāt-i-ḥur&f]i-saba'a)P 2. h* **" /ra0!c -**r o h* d!!"* !a WBe an4 it is @ (:un fa-ya:&n )PO 3. h* **" cr*a!* ar!0u!* !m$r!" o
o"-y o*r h* "am* o a ha"du- o o !-*. 5ha a*d, h* /e+en 9orl4s 8a or!#!"a--y "o !"*"d*d a a" !"d*$*"d*" r*a!* !" ! o8" r!#h $o*!"# a u"!>u* !-* 0y ! auhorP 0u, rah*r, ! 8a $ar o a !"#-* co--*c!o" co"!!"# o r*$o"* o a -ar#*r 0ody o corr *$o"d*"c* !"c-ud!"# oh*r u0?*c. Ho8**r, o"* o our -*ar"*d 4ayā"ī corr*$o"d*" !" 'ra" ha a-o *6$-!c!-y r**rr*d o ! a Citāb-i-Fī 'A11ālim al-/aba'a 1a "ashāZir al-/aba'a (The Boo: co"c*r"!"# h* +**" or-d a"d h* +**"o-d M*a$hy!ca- +u0-*!*) ($r!a* corr*$o"d*"c*, 2;;9). 5h* u-- *6 o u0ḥ!/za-@ /e+en 9orl4s (com$o*d o !6y*!#h !"#-* M+. $a#* !" ! curr*" ca""*d u$-oad o" 4aya"!c.com) 8!-- orm h* u0?*c o a orhcom!"# a""oa*d ra"-a!o" 0y u. 5h* 8ork@ $ro$*r !d*"!!ca!o" a"d c-a!!ca!o" amo"# u0ḥ!/za-@ o*ra-- cor$u 8 !-- 0* addr**d !" h* !"roduc!o". O& 5h* 4ā0ī or "o"4ā0ī au o h! corr*$o "d*" r*ma!" u"c*ra!", 0u mor* ha" -!k*-y h* or h* 8ou-d ha* 0**" a 4ā0ī #!*" h* $ray*r a"d ! !"*" or h* 4ayā"ī mo"h o a!"#. <"oru"a*-y rom h* *6 o h* 8ork !*- a"d h* $r*c*d!"# !*m 0*or* !, h! !d*"!y ! !m$o!0-* o d**rm!"* a h! a#*. O '" h*!r 4ā0ī co"!#ura!o", h** **" 8or-d (or W se+en 4i+ine presences presences@), !" d*c*"d!"# h*$ad!c ord*r, a$$*ar a o--o8G f1g Hāhū h* r*a-m o h* !$*!y f2g Lāhū h* d!!"* r*a-m f3g Sa0arū h* :m$yr*a" o o8*r f&g Ma-akū h* J!"#dom, or a"#*-!c r*a-m fg I/lamū h* M!#h*ou r*a-m f%g Mu-k h* 7om!"!o" fg Nāū h* ma*r!a- 8or-d '.*. O '.*. O%
h* d!!"* (:hiRāl) m*"!o"*d 0y h* +h!I! 'mām !" h* 'māmī a:hbār cor$uP cor$uPOO &. h* **" *arhP . h* **" $-a"* o rad!!o"a- como-o#y, a"d %. h* **" *r* o h* ^ur@ā"@ o$*"!"# cha$*r, al-fātiḥa. 5h* !"a- !*m o--o8!"# h* co"c-u!o" o u0ḥ!/za-@ /e+en 9orl4s ! h* acro!c $ray*r ha orm h* u0?*c o h* $r**" d!cu!o". O9 * 8!-- ha* uur* occa!o" o d!cu h* /e+en 9orl4s !*- !" #r*a*r d*a!-. H*r* "o8 8* 8!-- -!m! h* d!cu!o" o h* rucur* a"d h*m* o h* $ray*r $ ray*r !*- 0*or* o*r!"# our ra"-a!o". 4r!*-y, h! $ray*r, 0*!d* ! o"orou-y d**$ a"d 0*au!u- >ua-!y, ! o 0* **" a a ummary o h* co"*" o h* /e+en 9orl4s r*a!*. From h* !"*r"a- *!d*"c* o ! 8*"!*h *r* (** 0*-o8), ! a-o a$$*ar o 0* !"*"d*d or u* dur!"# h* ho-y 4ayā"ī mo"h o a!"#, "am*-y, h* mo"h o A'lā (h* +u$r*m*), ha !, h* "!"***"h a"d !"amo"h o h* 4ayā"ī y*ar.9; !*" ha h! ca-*"dar a-r*ady ou"d ! !"$!r*d #*"*! rom ! !"au#uraor h* 4ā0 !" h* amou ,u$ā al-Bahā$ K,u$ā al-/aḥar (Wthe rayer of /plen4our @ or Wthe ,a1n rayer @)@)91 o 'mām Mūḥammad a-4ā>!r (d. 13), u0ḥ!/za- rucur* h* m**r o h* !r **" *r* o h! $ray*r u$o" !P ha !, 8!h h* o"-y *6c*$!o" o add!"# a -!#h-y r*$hra*d au#m*"a!o" !" 8ord!"# o ! a h* *"d o *ach -!"* o h* *r* o#*h*r 8!h h* add!!o" o a" *6ra ha-*"*"c* a ! *"d. Ho8**r, 8!h!" h* acro!c o h** o$*"!"# **" *r* ha $ara--*- h* 7a8" ray*r, a" *"!r*-y d!*r*" arra"#*m*" o d!!"* "am* a"d ar!0u* ha* 0**" $ro!d*d ha" ho* co"a!"*d !" 'mām Mūḥammad a-4ā>!r@ ,u$ā al-Bahā$ K,u$ā al-/aḥar .92 5h** ar* 1. u0-!m!y ('ul&11), 2. OO
5h** ar* 1. h* d!!"* !-- ( mashī$a), 2. h* d!!"* To-!!o" ( irā4a), 3. h* d!!"* For*orda!"m*" ( #a4ar ),), &. h* d!!"* /ccom$-!hm*" ( #iUā$ ),), . h* d!!"* d!!"* /uhor!za!o" /uhor!za!o" ( i4hn ) or a-*r"a!*-y h* d!!"* *a-!za!o" *a-!za!o" ( imUā$ ),), %. h* kom!c 4ook ( :itāb) a"d . h* d!!"* d!!"* /--om*" /--om*" ( a%al), ** Ju-ay"ī@ al-Cāfī 1G1&9. 1G1&9. * ha* a-o **" om* o m* ourc* 8!ch h* *>u*"c* o %. a"d . $-ac!"# h* kom!c 4oo k ( :itāb) -a a*r h* d!!"* /--om*" /--om*" ( a%al). O9 * hou-d m*"!o" ha h* ca" o h* *6 o h! acro!c $ray*r cam* !"o our $o*!o" !" May 2;; 8h*" h* 8*0ma*r o 4aya"!c.com k!"d-y #a* o u 8o C7 co"a!"!"# d!#!a- ca" o o*r oryour !"d*$*"d*" o-d*r co"!!"# o ar!ou 4ayā"ī ma"ucr!$ a"d *6. 5h* o-d*r rom 8h!ch our $!*c* ! d*r!*d 8a -a0*--*d mutifari#āt (miscellanea) 8!h h* !*m co"!u!"# ca" 33 311 a"d 3322 r*$*c!*-y, *ach ca""*d $a#* r*$r**"!"# a o-!o. <$o" *6am!"a!o" o h* ha"d8r!!"# a"d u0?*c ma*r, ! 8a >u!ck-y *a0-!h*d o 0*-o"# o h* am* M+. a h* /e+en 9orl4s !*- a"d o !" h* ha"d o u0ḥ!/za-. / o h! 8r!!"# 8* ha* !-- "o *a0-!h*d a"y da* or h* com$o!!o" o h* o*ra-- 8orkP 0u 0a*d o" om* !"*r"a- *!d*"c* rom 8!h!" h* *6 o h* /e+en 9orl4s, 8* *"a!*-y co"?*cur* ha ! may 0*-o"# o h* 4a#hdad $*r!od (1O2%3) 0*cau* a *8 o ! h*m* c-o*-y $ara--*- h* /ra0!c or!#!"a- o ho* co"a!"*d !" u0ḥ!/za-@ 0**r k"o8" The Ethics of the /piritually-"in4e4 ( A:hlā# al-8&ḥanīyyīn) m*"!o"*d a0o*, 8h!ch 8a com$o*d dur!"# ha *ra. 5ha a!d, !"c* h* !"*"d*d ocu o our $ray*r ! h* 4ayā"ī mo"h o a!"#, h! do* a--o8 u "o8 a 0**r #au#* a "arro8!"# do8" a da* or h* com$o!!o" o h* /e+en 9orl4s. 9; For h* 19 day, 19 mo"h 4ayā"ī ca-*"dar, ** h$GKK888.0aya"!c.comKca-K0ay.hmh$GKK888.0aya"!c.comKca-K0ay.hm- (acc**d (acc**d 22 March 2;13)P ** a 8*-- 7*"! Mac:o!"@ 8ituals in Babism an4 Baha$ism (Lo"do" a"d N*8 YorkG '.4 5aur! u0-!h*r a"d h* C*"r* o M!dd-* :a*r" +ud!*, <"!*r!y o Cam0r!d#*, 199&), /$$ *"d!6 T, 1;O. Co"rary o h* ma""*r !" 8h!ch h* 4ahā@ī ha* !m$-*m*"*d h! ca-*"dar, 8!h h* 4ayā"ī h! ca-*"dar ! ca-cu-a*d a a ra!#h 3%1 day y*ar (19 day 6 19 mo"h) 8!hou a"y -*a$ y*ar or !"*rca-ary day. 5h! m*a" ha h* $-ac*m*" o ! mo"h 8!h!" h* ca-cu-a!o" o a"y o-ar y*ar 8!-- "o mak* h** day a"d mo"h -!"*u$ h* am* 8ay **ry y*ar. 5h! do* "o "*c*ar!-y mak* h* ca-*"dar -u"ar *!h*r -!k* h* '-am!c o"*. 91 +** our Q A r&ḥanī 1hite magicalJ magicalJ application of the ,a1n rayer 4uā al-saḥarJ al-saḥarJ of Imām "uḥamma4 "uḥamma4 al-Bā#ir for the h$GKK888.cr!0d.comKdocK223&9%K7a8"ray*rV$*ra!o" (acc**d (acc**d 13 March 2;13). Full "oon,R h$GKK888.cr!0d.comKdocK223&9%K7a8"ray*rV$*ra!o" 92 / $ray*r ha !*- ! $r!mar!-y u*d 0y h* +hīI! a!hu- dur!"# h* ho-y mo"h o amaā". / uch our $ray*r ca" 0* h*-d !" a a 4ayā"ī $ara--*- o !.
0a""*r or a"dard (li1ā$ ),), 3. r!#h or $-*"!ud* ( yamīn), &. h* J!"#dom (mala:&t ),), . *6a-a!o" (ḥamā4īya ), %. *"d*r #rac* (mann) a"d . dura!o"-* **r"!y (4ayy&m). / d*mo"ra*d !" h* *6 0*-o8, h* !r -**r o *ach o h** "am* a"d ar!0u* $*-ou h* **" -**r*d "am* I/-ī Muḥammad, h* 4ā0@ $ro$*r "am*, 8h!ch, o r*!*ra*, ar* h*-d a h* :*"c* o h* +**" L**r. No8 !" k**$!"# 8!h h* 4ayā"ī u"d*ra"d!"# ha h* $r!"c!$-* o h* "um0*r our**" r*$r**" h* ou8ard a"d !"8ard a$*c o a h*$ad, !" h* h*o$ha"!c ra?*cory o h!"# h*r*, h** !r **" *r* ar* hu o 0* ak*" a r*$r**"!"# h* ma"!* ( Qāhir ) !d* o h* ma*r 8!h h* "*6 **" *r* (OOO1& 1& a h* h!dd*" or 1&) !"*r!or (bāDin) !d* o ! 0u ma"!* a"d h!dd*" o"-y !" r*-a!o" o h* com$-*6!y ha ! h* dy"am!c or $roc* o h* u"*!-!"# d!!"* h*o$ha"!c *-d!c-our* (ta%allī ).). ' ! or h! r*ao" ha h* "*6 **" -!"*, 8h!ch "o8 0r*ak o h* y-!!c $ara--*-!m 8!h h* 7a8" ray*r, corr*$o"d h* acro!c o h* "am* a"d ar!0u* 8!h h* +**" H*a*"-y a*r (buḥur saba'a) ha ar* h*-d !" '-am!c h*o-o#y a occurr!"# u"d*r h* 7!!"* 5hro"* ('arsh). 5h** h*r* ar* h*-d "o8 o r*$r**" h* ar!ou mod* o d!!"* $o8*r a"d #rac*, ar!0u* d*cr!$!* o d!!"* a-!ud* or !"a"!a!o" o h* d!!"* o"*"* aoc!a*d 8!h *ach -**r o h* h*$ad mak!"# u$ h* "am* I/-ī Muḥammad. 5h* $ray*r co"!"u* 0y !"ok!"# h* oa-!y o h* +**" H*a*"-y a*r a"d h* +**" or-d a 8*-- a h* $!r!, arch*y$a- $roc** a"d d!!"* ar!0u* aach*d o h** (1 1). 1 T*r* 1% 1%22211 u$$-!ca* a"d 0***ch d!!"* a!d a"d 0-*!"# 8h!-* a-o $-*ad!"# or $*c!!c d!!"* co"!rma!o" (2; 2;). 23, -!k* !m!-ar ormu-a !" '-am!c $ray*r 2; T*r* 22 2223 23 mod*- (8h*r* a-ua!o" a"d 0-*!"# ar* o*r*d o h* ro$h* a"d h! Hou*ho-d), co"c-ud* 8!h o*r!"# 0-*!"# (or a-ua!o") u$o" h* 4ā0 a"d h! *!#h**" L**r o h* L!!"# (!.*. h* ma"!*a!o" o h* o!") 8ho !" h* 4ayā"ī d!c!o" co"!u* h* F!r <"!y (1āḥi4 al-a11al ). * 8!-- -*a* our a"a-y* h*r*. h *r*. 5h* arra"#*m*" o h! !"ocaory $ray*r 0y u0ḥ!/za- !"o 8*"yhr** *r* 8a mad* 0y u, a-hou#h ! ! a-r*ady !m$-!*d !" ! rucur*. 5h* *r* "um0*r ha* 0**" $-ac*d !"!d* >uar* 0rack* !" 0o-d fg fg. 5ra"-!*ra*d 8ord a"d "am* ha* 0**" $-ac*d !"!d* rou"d 0rack* () a"d italicize4. * ha* a-o $ro!d*d h* acuaacua - /ra0!c -**r o h* acro!c, 8h!ch ha* a-o 0**" $-ac*d !"!d* >uar* 0rack* fg. /-*r"a!* ra"-a!o" o 8ord !" h* *6 ha* 0**" !"d!ca*d 0y a -ah K 8!h h* 8o a-*r"a!* occurr!"# o" *ach !d*. +om* a-*r"a!* r*ad!"# ha* 0**" a-o $-ac*d !"!d* >uar* 0rack* fg. Vur y-* o ra"-a!o" cr!!c!z*d 0y om* a J!"# Sam*!a" !, !" our 0*-!*, >u!* a$$ro$r!a* or h* co"*" h*r*, "o o m*"!o" h* ra"-a!o" !*- r*ma!" cru$u-ou-y a!hu- o h* or!#!"a- m*a"!"#. !*" h!, 8* ha* !"d**d ca$!a-!z*d $ro"ou" r**rr!"# o h* d!!"!y a 8*-- a ho* ar!0u* >ua-!y!"# !. '" :"#-!h 8* ha* a-o u!-!z*d ho* archa!c *co"d $*ro" $ro"ou" Wh**,@ Whou@ a"d Wy*@. C-ar!!ca!o", a"oma-!* or *6ua- !u* ha* 0**" oo"o*d, 0u h** ar* *ry *8. F!"a--y, 8* hou-d m*"!o" ha 8h*r* corr*c /ra0!c #rammar, ua#* a"d y"a6 ! co"c*r"*d, -!k* mo 4ā0ī *6, !" h* or!#!"a- (*$*c!a--y !" h* o8*--!"#) h! o"* may u*r rom ho* am* $*rc*!*d o-*c!m o y-* ha h* r!#our o h* #rammar!a" may $ro0a0-y cr!!c!z*. Ho8**r, a 8* ha* a!d *-*8h*r*, a-- h** cr!!c!m, **r !"c* h*y
8*r* !r mad* !" h* 1O&;, m! a -ar#*r $o!"P a"d ha 0*!"#, commu"!ca!o" 8!h h* d!!"* !" h* d*$h o *ca!c hra--, !" h* ac* o h* u"*!-!"# o ' h*o$ha"!c *- d!c-our* ($ray*r 0*!"# o"* o ! oucom*), ! "o 0ou"d 0y h* am* am* ru-* a"d r!cur* o corr*c #rammar, y"a6 a"d y-* a oh*r -!*rary ar*ac may 0*. /*r a-- h* ^ur@ā" !*- ha 0**" cr!!c!z*d or ! #ramma!ca- !rr*#u-ar!!* a 8*--, a"d "o o"* 8ho k"o8 -!*rary /ra0!c ca" d*"y h* d*$h o ! -!"#u!!c $o8*r, $rou"d!y a"d h* o"orou !"*"!y a"d or!#!"a-!y o ! -a"#ua#* !" h* h * ourc*. '" our !*8, ! ! $r*c!*-y rom uch a $ac* a"d 8*--$r!"#, #ramma!ca- !rr*#u-ar!!* !"c-ud*d, ha h** 8o ma?or !#ur* o h* r*-!#!o" o h* 4ayā", h* 4ā0 a"d u0ḥ!/za-, a-o !m0!0*d h*!r !"$!ra!o" a"d com$o*d h*!r 8ork.
5ra"-a!o" 5ra"-a!o" f1g '" 5hy Nam*, V my od, a"d h!#h 0* 5hy a* -or!!*d ar 5hou, V my od, *r!-y ' 0***ch 5h** 0y 5hy +u0-!m!y 'ul&11i:a) f g a ! mo u$r*m* or h* oa-!y o 5hy +u0-!m!y ! ru-y h!#h 8!h 5h** 5h*" 8!h h* Moh*r o h* <*ra"c* ha ! 5h!"*, V my od, ' *r!-y 0***ch 5h** 0y h* 8ho-* o 5hy +u0-!m!y f2g -or!!*d ar 5hou, V my od, *r!-y ' 0***ch 5h** 0y h* 4a""*r ( li1ā$ ) f g o 5hy **r-*"*K+*- +u0!*"c* (#ayy&mīyati:a) 0y ! h!#h* *-*a!o" or h* com$-** +a"dard o 5hy Lo#oComma"d (amr ) ! ru-y Loy 8!h 5h** 5h*" 8!h h* Moh*r o h* <*ra"c* ha ! 5h!"*, V my od, ' *r!-y 0***ch 5h** 0y h* 8ho-* o 5hy +a"dard f3g -or!!*d ar 5hou, V my od, *r!-y ' 0***ch 5h** 0y h* !#hK-*"!ud* ( yamīn) f g o 5hy 5r*m*"dou"* a ! mo *6$a"!* or h* oa-!y o 5hy -*"!ud* ! ru-y a 8!h 5h** 5h*" 8!h h* Moh*r o h* <*ra"c* ha ! 5h!"*, V my od, ' *r!-y 0***ch 5h** 0y h* oa-!y o 5hy -*"!ud* f&g -or!!*d ar 5hou, V my od, *r!-y ' 0***ch 5h** 0y 5hy J!"#dom ( mala:&ti:a) f g a ! umo h*!#h or h* 8ho-* o 5hy J!"#dom ! ru-y u$ra!*d 8!h 5h** 5h*" 8!h h* Moh*r o h* <*ra"c* ha ! 5h!"*, V my od, ' *r!-y 0***ch 5h** 0y h* 8ho-* o 5hy J!"#dom fg -or!!*d ar 5hou, V my od, *r!-y ' 0***ch 5h** 0y 5hy :6a-a!o" (ḥamā4īyati:a) f g a h* acm* o ! -auda!o" or h* 8ho-* o 5hy :6a-a!o" ! ru-y $ra!*d 8!h 5h** 5h*" 8!h h* Moh*r o h* <*ra"c* ha ! 5h!"*, V my od, ' *r!-y 0***ch 5h** 0y h* oa-!y o 5hy :6a-a!o" f%g -or!!*d ar 5hou, V my od, *r!-y ' 0***ch 5h** 0y 5hy 5*"d*r rac!ou"* ( manni:a) f g a ! mo $r!m*a- or a-- o 5hy rac!ou"* ! ru-y a"c!*" 8!h 5h** 5h*" 8!h h* Moh*r o h* <*ra"c* ha ! 5h!"*, V my od, ' *r!-y 0***ch 5h** 0y h* 8ho-* o 5hy rac!ou"* fg -or!!*d ar 5hou, V my od,
*r!-y ' 0***ch 5h** 0y 5hy 7ura!o"-* :*r"a-!y (4ayy&miyati:a) f g a ! umo c*a*-*"* or h* 8ho-* o 5hy 7ura!o"-*"* ! ru-y co"a" 8!h 5h** 5h*" 8!h h* Moh*r o h* <*ra"c* ha ! 5h!"*, 5h!"*, V my od, ' *r!-y 0***ch 5h** 0y h* oa-!y o 5hy 7ura!o"-* :*r"!y fOg -or!!*d ar 5hou, V my od, *r!-y ' 0***ch 5h** 0y h* H*a*"-y a*r fo h* -**rg 'ayn f g (baḥr al-'ayn), h* H*a*"-y a*r o 5hy M!#h ('aQimati:a) a"d h* +u0-!m!y o 5hy o8*r ('ul&11 #u4rati:a) a"d h* 8or-d o 5hy Lordh!$ ('ālam rub&bīyati:a) a"d h* u$r*m!y o 5hy 5r*m*"dou"* ('a$lā$ 'izati:a) f9g /"d 0y h* H*a*"-y a*r fo h* -**rg lām f g (baḥr al-lām), h* H*a*"-y a*r o 5hy Ma#"a"!m!y (laDāfīyati:a) a"d h* 4a""*r o h* o*r*!#"y o 5hy **r-*"*K+*- +u0!*"c* (li1a$ sulDān #ayy&mīyati:a) f1;g /"d 0y h* H*a*"-y a*r o fh* -**rg yā$ f g (baḥr al-yā$ ),), fh* H*a*"-y a*r og 93 h* !#hK-*"!ud* o 5hy Lordh!$ ( yamīn rub&bīyati:a) a"d h* c*ra!"y o h* :*"c* o 5hy V"*"* ( ya#īn 4hāt 1aḥ4ānīyati:a) a"d h* Fu--"*K*r*c!o" o h* arra"#*m*" ha ! 5h!"* ( tamām al-a'4ā4 la4ay:a) a"d h* Co"umma!o" o h* Lo#oComma"d o 5hy +!"#u-ar!y (itmām amr far4ānīyati:a) f11g /"d 0y h* H*a*"-y a*r o fh* -**rg mīm f g (baḥr al-mīm), h* H*a*"-y a*r o 5hy J!"#dom ( mala:&ti:a) a"d 5hy o*!* 7om!"!o" fof Ko+er g9& a--h!"# (māli:īyati:a fliK'alāg :ulli-shay$ ) a"d h* ma"!*a!o" o 5hy Lo!"* (maQāhir raf'ati:a) f12g /"d 0y h* H*a*"-y a*r o fh* -**rg ḥā$ f g (baḥr al-ḥā$ ) o 5hy *"*ra!"# 7*cr** (ḥu:mi:a al-nāfi4h) 8!h!" ha 8h!ch ! cr*a*d a"d h* L!* or**r /0!d!"# (ḥayyāt al-bā#īya) !" h* 8or-d o 5hy **r-*"*K+*-+u0!*"c* ('a11ālim #ayy&mīyati:a) f13g /"d 0y h* H*a*"-y a*r o h* *co"d f-**rg mīm f g (baḥr al-mīm al-thānī ) a"d 8ha Y* ha* $-ac*d u$o" ! o a a* u0-!m* ( 'ul&11 al-sha$n) a"d h* $-*"dour o h* :m$yr*a" o o8*r (bahā$ al-%abar&t ) a"d h* ma?*y o h* 7!!"* *a-m ( %alāl al-lāh&t ) a"d h* -um!"*c*"c* o h* /"#*-!c J!"#dom (Uīyā$ al-mala:&t ) a"d h* u$r*m!y o h* M!#h*ou 8or-d ('a$lā$ al-'aQam&t ) ) f1&g /"d 0y h* H*a*"-y a*r o fh* -**rg 4āl f g ( baḥr al4āl), h* $*r$*u!y o h* o*r*!#"y o 5hy Ho-!"* (4a11ām sulDān #u44&sīyati:a) a"d h* $*rma"*"c* o h* uz*ra!" ru-* o 5hy -or!!ca!o" (isti4ām malī: subb&ḥīyati:a) a"d h* dura!o"-*"* o 5hy Lo#o!c +*-hood (4ayy&mīya nafsānīyati:a), a"d ha 8h!ch Y* ha* $-ac*d u$o" ! 93
5h! ! our add!!o" or h* ak* o co"!*"cy 0*cau* h* M+. **m o dro$ !. / $r*$o!!o" (*!h*r li or 'alā) ! m!!"# h*r* !" h* M+. o 8* ha* add*d ! !" 0rack*.
9&
o h* $*r$*ua- a* rom h* r*a-m o 5hy 7!!"!y ( 4a11ām shu$&nāt lāh&tīyati:a) a"d h* *!#!a- !#" o h* o*r*!#"y o 5hy **r-*"*K+*-+u0!*"c* ('alāmāt sulDān #ayy&mīyati:a) f1g /"d 0y h**, h* +**" H*a*"-y a*r a"d h* +**" or-d (alabḥur al-saba'a 1a al-'a11ālim al- saba'a), a"d h* ma#"!!*d $!r! o ho-!"* (al-ar1āḥ al-mu'aQama al-mu#a44asa) a"d h* m*a$hy!cau0-*!* o #r*a"* a"d m!#h!"* (mashā'ir al-:ibrīyā$ 1a al-'aQama), a"d h* *$!$ha"!c *!"#$-ac*m*" o #ra"d*ur a"d $o8*r (al-ma1ā#i' al-'izza 1a al-#u4ra), a"d h* 0!"d!"# k"o o M*rcy, +**r!y a"d +o*r*!#" 7om!"!o" (al-ma'ā#i4 al-raḥma 1a al-hayba 1a al-mul:ana), a"d h* ma"!*a!o" o #ra"d*ur (maQāhir al-'izza) a"d 8ha Y* ha* $-ac*d u$o" ! for Wthem@g o u0-!m* Ma?*y a"d 8*a-h, a"d h* a$o#** o 4*auy a"d h* da8"*d Cou"*"a"c* ('ul&11 al-%alāl 1a al-thar1a 1a sumu11 al-%amāl 1a al-tal'a ) f1%g f' 0***ch 5h**g ha Y* 0*o8 u$o" m* 8ha Y* ha* $-ac*d u$o" ! for Wthem@g o 4*au!!c :6c*--*"c* ( %amīl al faUl) a"d 5hy $!r!ua- arac!o" o -ory ( %a4hbi:a al-ma%4) a"d h* No0-* 4*"*!c*"c*K:6!*"c* (nabīl al-%&4), V o*or o 4*"*!c*"c*K:6!*"c* ( yā 4hā al-%&4) f1g -or!!*d ar 5hou, "o oh*r #od ! h*r* 0*!d* 5h**, or ' 0***ch 5h**, V my od, 0y ha 8h!ch ' ha* *"r*a*d 5h** h*r*!" yo"d*r o 5hy r*a* Nam* (asmā$i:a al-a'Qam) a"d 5hy #rac!ou $!r! (ar1āḥi:a al-a:ram) a"d 5hy T*r!ca-+!#" o r!mord!a- M!#h ( āyāti:a al'aQīma al-#a4īma) a"d 5hy *6a-*d, a0ou"d!"#, o*r-o8!"# H*a*"-y a*r (buh&ri:a al-mas%&ra al-munīfa al-maz:h&ra) f1Og f' 0***ch 5h**g ha Y* orda!" or m* 8ha Y* ha* $r*orda!"*d 0y 5hy Lo#o+*- rom 0*or* f*m$ora-!yg a"d ha Y* 0*o8 u$o" m* rom 5hy $r**"c* h* fh*a*"-yg d*-!#h o fd!!"*g $ro6!m!y ( faraḥan #arīban) a"d h* o*r*!#"y 8!h 5h** ha ! !cor!ou a"d aur*d ( sulDānan nāRiran 1a mu'īnan) f19g /"d f' 0***ch 5h**g ha Y* d!#"!y my ou- ( ta'za nafsī ) a0o* a-- h!"# 8!h 5hy +*-+u!c!*"cy (bi-ghanā$i:a) rom 8ha Y* ha* cr*a*d !" h* k!"#dom o h* *arh (mala:&t al-arU) a"d 8ha Y* ha* ah!o"*d !" h* C*-*!a- :m$yr*a", h* ma*r!a- cr*a!o" a"d h* cau*Kcomma"d ( %abar&t al-samā$ 1a nās&t al-:hal# 1a al-amr ) ) f2;g /"d f' 0***ch 5h**g ha Y* *m$o8*r m* (tu#a44ir lī ) 8!h!" ha $ur!y!"# mo"h o d*-!*ra"c* (al-shahr al-ta:hlīR) ha ! 5h!"* 8!h 8ha Y* ha* d**rm!"*d hrou#h 5hy Lo#o+*-, a"d ha Y* accou" m* amo"# h* com$a"y ( zumara) o ho* a!"# (al-Rā$imīn), ho* $ray*ru-K8orh!$u(al-muRalīn), ho* *-*a*d (al-rāfi'īn), ho* u$ra!*d (al-murtafi'īn), ho* !"c*r* (al-:hāliRīn), ho* a0a!"!"# (al-mumtani'īn), ho* r!#h*ou ( al-
mu:hliRīn), ho* r!!"# (al-mu%tahi4īn), ho* !"orm*d (al-mubalighīn), ho* r!$*"*d (al-bālighīn), ho* #"o!c (al-'ārifīn), ho* k"o8!"# (al'ālimīn), ho* *ada (al-rāsi:hīn), ho* $!ou (al-mu1#anīn) f21g No
oh*r #od ! h*r* 0*!d* 5h**, 0*o8 u$o" m*, V my od, rom 5hy M*rcy ha ! mo a 8!h 5h**P a"d or a-- o 5hy u*"a"c* f$ro!d*dg !" 5hy J!"#dom ' #!* *-!c!a!o" ( min :ullu rizi#i:a ahna$uhu fī mala:&ti:a) f22g -or!!*d ar 5hou, "o oh*r #od ! h*r* 0*!d* 5h**, a"d 0-*!"# 0* u$o" h* o!" a"d ! ma"!*a!o" ( Rālli 'alā al-nu#Da 1a maQāhiruhā)9 ?u -!k* Y* ha* fh*d 0-*!"#g u$o" h!m for W them@g rom h* ra"k o r*:*r"!y a"d h* u0-!m!y o r!mord!a-!y ( fī sha$n al-azal 1a 'ul&11 al-#i4am) f23g -or!!*d ar 5hou, *r!-y ' am o ho* 8ho !"ok* ( subḥāni:a innī :untu min al-4hā:irīn)
1%h o /I-ā 1% 4ayā"ī
9
'.*. h* 4ā0 a"d h! *!#h**" L**r o h* L!!"#.
Fac!m!-* o M+. !" h* ha"d o u0ḥ u0ḥ! /za!!/za(o-!o 33111))
(o-!o 33222))
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