Japanese English Lessons

http://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/

CHARACTERS

ञऊमख

ৈଶ

औधअ

ଯઢ

‫ھڽۈڶڽڶۀڶۉ‬

‫ۄۉڶۈ‬

वठॆअ

৖শ

ृऽट

৛ি

‫ۄڽڸۊڷ‬ ॡड़থ ‫ڼۃۄۊڸ‬ -1-

‫ڶڹڶۂڶێ‬

Created by NHK WORLD © ver. April 2011

To download free audio lessons, visit NHK WORLD

INDEX

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

6

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

7

HAI, WAKARIMASHITA

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

8

LESSON 4

IMA, NANJI DESU KA?

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

9

LESSON 5

ISSHO NI KAERIMASEN KA?

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

10

LESSON 6

GINKÔ NI ITTE KARA, KAISHA NI KIMASU

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

11

LESSON 7

KÔZA O HIRAKITAI N DESU GA

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

12

LESSON 8

DÔ SHIYÔ

LESSON 9

LESSON 1

HAJIMEMASHITE

WATASHI WA KUON DESU

LESSON 2

SORE WA NAN DESU KA?

LESSON 3

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

13

YAMADA-SAN WA IRASSHAIMASU KA?

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

14

LESSON 10

ITSUMO O-SEWA NI NATTE ORIMASU

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

15

LESSON 11

DARE TO IKU N DESU KA?


16

LESSON 12

HÊ, SORE WA BENRI DESU NE


17

LESSON 13

SHIZUKA NI SHITE KUDASAI

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

18

LESSON 14

TADAIMA MODORIMASHITA

LESSON 15

DÔSHITE KONO KAISHA O ERANDA N DESU KA?

LESSON 16

BOKU WA RYÔRI NO JÔZU NA HITO GA SUKI DESU

LESSON 17

PASOKON GA HOSHII N DESU

LESSON 18

AKIHABARA NI WA, DÔ IKEBA II DESU KA?

LESSON 19

IMA KITA TOKORO

LESSON 20

IRASSHAIMASE

LESSON 21


19


20

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

21

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

22

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

23

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

24

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

25

DOCHIRA GA O-SUSUME DESU KA?

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

26

LESSON 22

O-MOCHIKAERI NI NARIMASU KA?

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

27

LESSON 23

RANCHI NI WA KÔHÎ KA KÔCHA GA TSUKIMASU


28

LESSON 24

ATSUATSU DE OISHIKATTA NE


29

LESSON 25

EKIMAE DE MORATTA NO


-2-


30



31


32

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

33

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

34

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

35


36

LESSON 26

OKAGE-SAMA DE

LESSON 27

KAZE O HIITA MITAI DESU

LESSON 28

DÔ SHIMASHITA KA?

LESSON 29

ICHINICHI NI SANKAI NONDE KUDASAI

LESSON 30

OMOSHIROI AIDEA DA TO OMOIMASU YO

LESSON 31

MÔ ICHIDO YATTE MIMASU

LESSON 32

MONITÂ CHÔSA O SHITE WA IKAGA DESHÔ KA?

LESSON 33

YAMADA-SAN NI MITE MORATTE KUDASAI

LESSON 34

KYÔ WA MOERU GOMI NO HI DESU YO

LESSON 35

SHÔGAKKÔ NI SHÛGÔ DESU

LESSON 36

KATTO DESU NE

LESSON 37

II TENKI NI NARIMASHITA NE

LESSON 38

JISHIN GA OKITARA, DÔ SHITARA II DESU KA?

LESSON 39

O-JAMA SHIMASU

LESSON 40

YASUMI NO HI WA NANI O SHITEIRU N DESU KA?

LESSON 41

SOROSORO

LESSON 42

MÔSHIWAKE GOZAIMASEN

LESSON 43

KI O HIKISHIMERU YÔ NI

LESSON 44


37

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

38

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

39


40

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

41


42

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

43


44

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

45

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

46


47

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

48

SEISHIN-SEII

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

49

LESSON 45

GENKI NAI NE

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

50

LESSON 46

NOBOTTA KOTO GA ARU

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

51

LESSON 47

O-CHA WA YOKU NOMARETE IMASU

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

52

LESSON 48

UMI GA MIEMASU


53

LESSON 49

HADAKA NO TSUKIAI

ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

54

LESSON 50

KORE DE ICHININMAE NE


55

Appendix

The Japanese syllabary characters, etc. ҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩҩ

56

-3-



Editorial Supervisor

ुॉँणख

஌Ⴟᄶ‫ق‬MORI ATSUSHI‫ك‬ [Profile] Dr. Mori taught Japanese language at Thailand’s Chulalongkorn University in 2004. He served as a researcher at Jissen Women’s Educational Institute in Japan, and also at National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics. In April, 2011, he joined the faculty at Tezukayama University, assuming the post of associate professor.

What inspired you to learn Japanese? Was it the Japanese video games, or animations (anime)…or traditional culture or business? Whatever the reason, I hope that your interest in Japan and its language can help enrich your life. While I was teaching Japanese in Thailand, I realized how connected its language and culture were. The finding made me all the more fond of the country. For instance, the common greeting you’ll hear in Thailand is “Did you have a meal?” The phrase is closely associated with a Thai custom of having meals many times a day. The phrase reflects one’s consideration toward the other’s livelihood and health. Learning a country’s language means knowing its culture. So, acquiring Japanese language skills would let you to know more about Japan. I hope you enjoy learning Japanese!

Presenter Hi, I am Michelle Yamamoto. I was born in California USA, and was raised in Japan, UK, France, and Germany. Currently I work as an English News Presenter for NHK Radio Japan and NHK WORLD TV. Starting something new is always very exciting! Starting a new language brings new possibilities! Through our Japanese lessons I hope that you can enjoy studying Japanese in a fun filled way! Michelle Yamamoto

Jeff Otto

Hi, my name is Jeff Otto. I am an American from the state of South Dakota. It is known for Mount Rushmore, an epic mountain carving featuring the faces of four exalted U.S. Presidents. I first came to Japan when I was 19 years old. Now I am a high school English teacher living in Kawagoe. I am looking forward to helping you learn Japanese to further advance your enjoyment and appreciation of this great culture.


-4-


Learn using both audio and text!㻌

can download lesson audios You at NHK WORLD:㻌 www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/ Website and lessons are provided in 17 languages. Click here!!㻌 Visit the website for more Japanese studying tools: The Japanese Syllabary For Japanese starters, let’s begin by learning how to pronounce the basic characters. Tips for Living in Japan Read a short entry on Japanese culture, including language, customs and etiquettes. Maybe you would find out something that you were always curious of. Cuong’s Vocabulary List You can review many important phrases that our main character has learned. -5-



LESSON 1

मगीऽखथ எ मॡड़থदघ HAJIMEMASHITE

ॡड़থ

मगीऽखथ‫؛‬

CUONG

HAJIMEMASHITE.

WATASHI WA KUON DESU

How do you do?

எ मॡड़থदघ‫؛‬

I’m Cuong.

WATASHI WA KUON DESU. ঋॺॼ঒ऊैਟऽखञ‫؛‬

I’m from Vietnam.

BETONAMU KARA KIMASHITA. ेौखऎउൢःखऽघ‫؛‬

Nice to meet you.

YOROSHIKU ONEGAI SHIMASU.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ When you introduce yourself, you say Watashi wa ____ desu. This means “I am _____.” ¾ To use the past tense, change ––masu form of a verb to ––mashita Ex. kimasu (come) ‫ ڀ‬kimashita (came), ikimasu (go) ‫ ڀ‬ikimashita (went)

GREETINGS उमेअओकःऽघ

ऒ॒पठम

OHAYÔ GOZAIMASU Good morning.

KONNICHIWA Good afternoon.

ऒ॒य॒म

औेअऩै

KONBANWA Good evening.

SAYÔNARA Good bye.


-6-


जोम୦दघऊ‫ء‬

LESSON 2

ृऽ ट

SORE WA NAN DESU KA?

৛ি

ॡड़থऔ॒‫؛‬

YAMADA

ऒोऋँऩञभ੡ඵदघ‫؛‬

Cuong… ीः ख

These are your business cards.

KUON-SAN, KORE GA ANATA NO MEISHI DESU. ॡड़থ

ँॉऋधअओकःऽघ‫؛‬

Thank you very much.

CUONG

जोम୦दघऊ‫ء‬

What is that?

ऩ॒

ARIGATÔ GOZAIMASU. SORE WA NAN DESU KA? ृऽ ट

खूः॒खॆअ

৛ি

ऒोम঺ ৩ ઒ दघ‫؛‬

YAMADA

KORE WA SHAINSHÔ DESU.

This is a staff identity card.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ To say the name of something : Kore wa ____ desu. = “This is _____.” ¾ To ask the name of something : ____ wa nan desu ka? = “What is ____?”

Ko-so-a-do kotoba Ko-so-a-do kotoba consist of words with the initial letters of the demonstrative pronouns kore, sore and are, and the interrogative pronoun dore, which means “which.” Kotoba means “words.” The ko-so-a-do kotoba used to express location are koko meaning “here”, soko meaning “there”, asoko meaning “over there” and doko meaning “where?” Ko-so-a-do kotoba are very useful because you can use them instead of saying concrete names. But of course, you have to be sure the person you are talking to knows what you are referring to! There are often misunderstandings between long-married couples. For example, the husband says “Bring me that!” to his wife,

ँजऒ

meaning his newspaper,

ASOKO

but instead his wife

जऒ

hands him his glasses!

SOKO

ऒऒ

OVER THERE

THERE

KOKO JÔTATSU NO KOTSU means

HERE

“a key to progress”. -7-



मः‫ؚ‬ॎऊॉऽखञ

LESSON 3

HAI, WAKARIMASHITA

ृऽ ट

৛ি

ॡड़থऔ॒‫ؚ‬ठॆढध‫؛ؼ‬

YAMADA

KUON-SAN, CHOTTO…

ॡड़থ

मः‫؛‬

CUONG

HAI.

ृऽ ट

Cuong, do you have a moment? Yes.

ऌॆ अ

ऊः ऍ

৛ি

০঩‫ؚ‬ऒोऊैভ৮ऋँॉऽघ‫؛‬

Today, there’s a meeting, starting

YAMADA

লथৣऔः‫؛‬

from now.

KYÔ, KOREKARA KAIGI GA

Please attend it.

द

ऎट

ARIMASU. DETE KUDASAI. ॡड़থ

मः‫ؚ‬ॎऊॉऽखञ‫؛‬

Yes, I understand.

CUONG

ৃਚमनऒदघऊ‫ء‬

Where is it being held?

यख ॆ

HAI, WAKARIMASHITA. BASHO WA DOKO DESU KA?

GRAMMAR POINT

¾ The negative form of a verb is made by changing the ––masu ending to ––masen. Ex. kimasu (come) ‫ ڀ‬kimasen (not come) ¾ ____ wa doko desu ka? = “Where is ____?”

मः‫ؚ‬ॎऊॉऽखञ‫؛‬ HAI, WAKARIMASHITA. Yes. I understand.


-8-


LESSON 4

ःऽ‫ؚ‬୦ৎदघऊ‫ء‬

IMA, NANJI DESU KA?

ऩ॒ ग

ॡड़থ

ःऽ୦ৎदघऊ‫ء‬

CUONG

IMA, NANJI DESU KA?

ृऽ ट

What time is it now?

ेगगॄअओऴ॒

৛ি

‫ڰ‬ৎ‫ڱڭ‬ীदघ‫؛‬

YAMADA

YOJI-JÛGOFUN DESU.

ॡड़থ

ভ৮म୦ৎपીॎॉऽघऊ‫ء‬

What time will the meeting

CUONG

KAIGI WA NANJI NI OWARIMASU KA?

finish?

ऊः ऍ

ृऽ ट

ओ

ऩ॒ ग

It’s four fifteen.

उ

ग

৛ি

‫ڱ‬ৎओौदघे‫؛‬

YAMADA

GOJI GORO DESU YO.

Around five o’clock.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ To say the hour, you add ––ji after the number. To say the minutes, you add ––fun or ––pun after the number. ¾ Nanji desu ka? = “What time is it?”

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

ःठ

प

औ॒

ख/ े॒

ओ

ौऎ

खठ/ ऩऩ

मठ

ऌॄअ/ ऎ

गॄअ

ICHI

NI

SAN

SHI/ YON

GO

ROKU

SHICHI/ NANA

HACHI

KYÛ/ KU

JÛ

-9-



঳คपషॉऽच॒ऊ‫ء‬

LESSON 5

ISSHO NI KAERIMASEN KA?

ृऽ ट

ःढखॆ

ऊइ

ॡड़থ

৛িऔ॒‫ؚ‬঳คपషॉऽच॒ऊ‫ء‬

Miss Yamada, shall we leave

CUONG

YAMADA-SAN, ISSHO NI

together?

KAERIMASEN KA? ृऽ ट

৛ি

ओी॒ऩऔः‫؛‬

Sorry, but my work hasn’t

YAMADA

ऽटலহऋીॎॉऽच॒‫؛‬

finished yet.

ॡड़থऔ॒ुু஫ढथऎटऔः‫؛‬

Cuong, could you help me?

खओ ध

उ

थण ट

GOMENNASAI. MADA SHIGOTO GA OWARIMASEN. KUON-SAN MO TETSUDATTE KUDASAI. ऌॆ अ

क॒ऍॆअ

ॡड़থ

इ‫ش‬ध‫ؚ‬০঩मଋ ঵ दऌऽच॒‫؛‬

CUONG

ÊTO, KYÔ WA ZANGYÔ DEKIMASEN.

ृऽ ट

৛ি

इढ‫؛ؼ‬

YAMADA

E’…?

Er, I can’t work overtime today. Huh?

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ Invitational expression : ––masu form of a verb ń ––masen ka? Ex. ikimasu (go) ń ikimasenka? (Shall we go?) ¾ ––te form of a verb + kudasai = “please___” Ex. tetsudaimasu (help) ń tetsudatte kudasai (please help)

Company working hours The working hours of many Japanese companies are from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Recently, however, the “flexible time” system has been spreading, in which workers have a certain degree of freedom to fix their working hours themselves. The “flex system” is popular because it means workers can avoid the worst of the commuting rush and work according to their life pattern. On the other hand, it’s also true that many people feel bad about leaving earlier than their colleagues or bosses, even if their workload for the day has been completed. That’s why you shouldn’t forget to show careful consideration to colleagues. If you do leave before them, it’s a good idea to say O-saki ni shitsurei shimasu before you go. It means “I’m very sorry to leave before you!”


- 10 -


਒ষपষढथऊै‫ؚ‬ভ঺पਟऽघ

LESSON 6

ँख ञ

ँऔ

ऊःखू

ऌ

GINKÔ NI ITTE KARA, KAISHA NI KIMASU

खृऎखॆ

ऍ॒ऒअ

ः

ॡड़থ

৥঩भફ‫ؚ‬৘૽ਚध਒ষपষढथऊै‫ؚ‬

Tomorrow morning, I’ll come to

CUONG

ভ঺पਟऽघ‫؛‬

the office after going to the town

ASHITA NO ASA, SHIYAKUSHO TO

hall and the bank.

GINKÔ NI ITTE KARA, KAISHA NI KIMASU. वठॆअ

৖শ

जअदघऊ‫؛‬

BUCHO

ଏ৐রप৘૽ਚध਒ষदघब‫؛‬

In the morning you’re going to

SÔ DESU KA.

the town hall and the bank,

GOZENCHÛ NI SHIYAKUSHO TO

right?

ओछ॒ठॄअ

I see.

खृऎखॆ

ऍ॒ऒअ

GINKÔ DESU NE. ऍ॒ऒअ

ऒअ क

ऱै

ॡड़থ

मः‫؛‬਒ষदઠౠ॑৫ऌऽघ‫؛‬

Yes, I will open an account at the

CUONG

HAI. GINKÔ DE KÔZA O HIRAKIMASU.

bank.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ When describing actions in order, you change the ––masu ending to ––te. Ex. ikimasu (go) ‫ ڀ‬itte, kimasu (come) ‫ ڀ‬kite, tabemasu(eat) ‫ ڀ‬tabete

Services for foreigners

The number of foreigners living in Japan is increasing every year. Because of differences in culture and customs, the number of problems arising with the Japanese is also becoming noticeable. Local governments are making great efforts to deal with those problems. Information in foreign languages is available at the service counters at local government offices and on their home pages. The main languages include English, Chinese, Korean, Portuguese and Tagalog. Local government home pages provide information about public services and medical facilities that can handle different languages. They even explain about how to sort out different types of garbage, which varies from area to area, and the garbage collection schedule – such as newspapers on a certain day. You can also find information about many local activities, including events and Japanese language lessons provided by volunteers.

- 11 -



LESSON 7

ऍ॒ऒअ ः॒

ઠౠ॑৫ऌञः॒दघऋ‫ؼ‬ KÔZA O HIRAKITAI N DESU GA…

ऌॆ अ

ेअऐ॒

਒ষ৩

০঩मनभेअऩओ৷੯दघऊ‫ء‬

BANK

KYÔ WA DONO YÔ NA GO-YÔKEN

CLERK

DESU KA?

ॡड़থ

ઠౠ॑৫ऌञः॒दघऋ‫؛ؼ‬

CUONG

KÔZA O HIRAKITAI N DESU GA…

ऍ॒ऒअ ः॒

ऒअ क

ऱै

ऩ ऽइ

What can I do for you?

I want to open an account…

गॄअ खॆ

਒ষ৩

ऒठैपउ੡৐धओ ક ਚ‫ؚ‬

Please fill in your name, address

BANK

उਗ਼ਵ୞ಀ॑છःथऎटऔः‫؛‬

and telephone number here.

CLERK

KOCHIRA NI O-NAMAE TO GO-JÛSHO,

द॒ॎय॒ओअ

ऊ

O-DENWA BANGÔ O KAITE KUDASAI.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ To say “want to do ____”, you replace the ––masu ending to ––tai desu. Ex. ikimasu (go) ń ikitai desu (want to go)


- 12 -


नअखेअ‫ؼ‬

LESSON 8

DÔ SHIYÔ…

ॡड़থ

नअखेअ‫؛ؼ‬

What shall I do?

CUONG

ଃഘ॑૳धखथखऽःऽखञ‫؛‬

I’ve lost my wallet.

औः ऴ

उ

DÔ SHIYÔ… SAIFU O OTOSHITE SHIMAIMASHITA. ृऽ ट

ऺ॒धअ

৛ি

মਊ‫ء‬

YAMADA

ःणਈ৏पઞःऽखञऊ‫ء‬

When was the last time you

HONTÔ?

used it?

Really?

औः ओ

णऊ

ITSU SAIGO NI TSUKAIMASHITA KA? ॡड़থ

ःणऊऩ‫؛ؼ‬

CUONG

ITSU KANA…

ृऽ ट

ऐःऔण

I wonder when… धन

৛ি

धपऊऎ૤௄पඍऐऽखॆअ‫؛‬

Anyway, let’s report it to the

YAMADA

TONIKAKU KEISATSU NI

police.

TODOKEMASHÔ.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ To talk about things in the past : ––te form of a verb + shimaimashita Ex. otoshimasu (lose), otoshimashita (lost), otoshite shimaimashita (have lost)

Kôban

Most Japanese people think it’s their duty to report to the police immediately if they find someone’s wallet or mobile phone. And people who have lost something immediately report to the police that they have lost and when they think they lost it. There is then a good chance of lost items being returned to their owner. Japan has many small local police boxes called kôban. The kôban system was created more than 100 years ago in order to maintain safety on the streets of Tokyo, and it gradually spread throughout the country. The policemen who work at kôban are generally called omawarisan, which is a kind of affectionate term. Their main duties are to patrol the local area, but their work includes racing to the scene of an accident or a crime and helping lost children or drunks. And if ever you are lost, remember a kôban is also the most reliable place to ask for directions!

- 13 -



৛িऔ॒मःैढखूःऽघऊ‫ء‬

LESSON 9

YAMADA-SAN WA IRASSHAIMASU KA?

द॒ऌ

ॡड़থ

मः‫ڸڷڶ؛‬ਗ਼ஓदघ‫؛‬

CUONG

HAI, EI-BÎ-SHÎ DENKI DESU.

धॉऱऌऔऌ

ऋःखू

ञऩ ऊ

Hello, this is ABC Electric.

ुअ

਄ਬ੔

४কঃথভ঺भিরधணखऽघऋ‫ؚ‬

I’m Tanaka from Japan Gaisha.

CLIENT

৛িऔ॒मःैढखूःऽघऊ‫ء‬

Is Miss Yamada there?

ृऽ ट

JAPAN GAISHA NO TANAKA TO MÔSHIMASU GA, YAMADA-SAN WA IRASSHAIMASU KA? ृऽ ट

ॡड़থ

ृढ৛িदघब‫؛‬

Ya... Yamada, is it?

CUONG

૘ ‫ ر‬उୄठऎटऔः‫؛‬

Could you please wait for a

YA’...YAMADA DESU NE.

moment?

खॆअखॆअ

ऽ

SHÔSHÔ OMACHI KUDASAI.

GRAMMAR POINT When you are talking to someone outside your company, you use these phrases. ¾ (name) to môshimasu = “I am (name)” ¾ (name) wa irasshaimasu ka? = “Is (name) there?”

Handling names on the phone

It’s difficult to use the right honorific expressions on the phone. The point is to make the position clear between “you and the other end” or “inside and outside.” When you are talking about in-house people, you should use modest expressions just as you do when referring to yourself. For example, suppose there’s a call for President Suzuki. Inside the company, you would usually call him Suzuki shachô, which means “President Suzuki” However, to outside people you drop any honorific title or official titles of people in your company. So in this case you would say, Suzuki wa gaishutsu shite imasu literally meaning “Suzuki is out at the moment.” Incidentally, the most common surnames in Japan are Sato, Suzuki and Takahashi. But there are many other surnames and some sound very similar. If you cannot catch someone’s surname the first time, it’s best to ask them politely to repeat it without hesitation. In that case, you say Mô ichido, o-namae o onegaishimasu, meaning “Could I have your name again, please?”


- 14 -


ःणुउ਼ਵपऩढथउॉऽघ

LESSON 10

धॉऱऌऔऌ

ITSUMO O-SEWA NI NATTE ORIMASU

च

ॎ

਄ਬ੔

ःणुउ਼ਵपऩढथउॉऽघ‫؛‬

Thank you very much for your

CLIENT

ITSUMO O-SEWA NI NATTE ORIMASU.

continued patronage.

च

ॎ

ॡड़থ

ऒठैऒज‫ؚ‬उ਼ਵपऩढथउॉऽघ‫؛‬

It’s us who should thank you for

CUONG

ও‫ش‬ঝभ੯दघऋ‫ౌؚ‬໫঩देौखःद

the same.

खॆअऊ‫ء‬

As for the matter mentioned in

KOCHIRA KOSO O-SEWA NI NATTE

my e-mail, is Tuesday convenient

ORIMASU.

for you?

ऐ॒

ऊ े अ ल

MÊRU NO KEN DESU GA, KAYÔBI DE YOROSHII DESHÔ KA? धॉऱऌऔऌ

ऽ

਄ਬ੔

मः‫؛‬उୄठखथउॉऽघ‫؛‬

CLIENT

HAI. O-MACHI SHITE ORIMASU.

ॡड़থ

दम‫ౌؚ‬໫঩पअऊऋःऽघ‫؛‬

In that case, I’ll visit you on

CUONG

ଷ຀खऽघ‫؛‬

Tuesday.

DEWA, KAYÔBI NI UKAGAIMASU.

Good-bye.

Yes. We’ll be waiting for you.

ऊ े अ ल

खणोः

SHITSUREI SHIMASU.

THE DAY

THE MONTH

Getsuyôbi

Monday

ICHI GATSU

January

Kayôbi

Tuesday

NI GATSU

February

Suiyôbi

Wednesday

SAN GATSU

March

Mokuyôbi

Thursday

SHI GATSU

April

Kinyôbi

Friday

GO GATSU

May

Doyôbi

Saturday

ROKU GATSU

June

Nichiyôbi

Sunday

SHICHI GATSU

July

HACHI GATSU

August

KU GATSU

September

JÛ GATSU

October

JÛICHI GATSU

November

JÛNI GATSU

December

- 15 -



ၴधষऎ॒दघऊ‫ء‬

LESSON 11


ृऽ ट

ीः ख

ु

৛ি

੡ඵम੅ठऽखञऊ‫ء‬

YAMADA

MEISHI WA MOCHIMASHITA KA?

ॡड़থ

मः‫؛‬

CUONG

ੂीथ੾ ঵ पষऎभदಸ ୑ खथःऽघ‫؛‬

I’m feeling nervous because I’m

HAI. HAJIMETE EIGYÔ NI IKU NODE

going for my first sales visit.

मग

Do you have your business cards? Yes.

इःऍॆअ

ः

ऌ॒ठॆअ

KINCHÔ SHITE IMASU. ृऽ ट

टो

ः

৛ি

ၴधষऎ॒दघऊ‫ء‬

YAMADA


ॡड़থ

৖শधदघ‫؛‬

CUONG

‫گ‬ৎपऒऒ॑লऽघ‫؛‬

the department.

BUCHÔ TO DESU.

We’ll leave here at three o’clock.

Who are you going with?

वठॆअ औ॒ ग

I’m going with Bucho, the head of द

SANJI NI KOKO O DEMASU.

GRAMMAR POINT Inflected forms of a verb meaning

––masu form

basic form

––te form

go

ikimasu

iku

itte

write

kakimasu

kaku

kaite

read

yomimasu

yomu

yonde

come

kimasu

kuru

kite

stand

tachimasu

tatsu

tatte

नअखथ DÔSHITE WHY

टो DARE WHO

ऩप NANI WHAT

ःण ITSU WHEN

नभेअप DONOYÔNI HOW

नऒ DOKO WHERE


- 16 -


LESSON 12

षइ जोम೶ਹदघब HÊ, SORE WA BENRI DESU NE

ँञै

ोःझअऒ

ॡड़থ

ऒठैऋ ৗ खःഐ୉ಛभঃথইঞॵॺद

This is the pamphlet about the

CUONG

घ‫؛‬

new refrigerator.

KOCHIRA GA ATARASHII REIZÔKO NO PANFURETTO DESU. धॉऱऌऔऌ

धऎठॆअ

਄ਬ੔

न॒ऩ્ শ ऋँॊभदघऊ‫ء‬

What kind of special feature

CLIENT

DONNA TOKUCHÔ GA ARU NO DESU

does it have?

KA? ःठय॒

धऎठॆअ

टढखॄअऌभअ

ॡड़থ

঳୞भ્ শ म൓ႝਃચदघ‫؛‬

The biggest special feature is

CUONG

ႝःऋਞपऩॉऽच॒‫؛‬

the deodorizing function.

ICHIBAN NO TOKUCHÔ WA

Odors won’t bother you.

पउ

ऌ

DASSHÛ-KINÔ DESU. NIOI GA KI NI NARIMASEN. धॉऱऌऔऌ

स॒ ॉ

਄ਬ੔

षइ‫؛‬जोम೶ਹदघब‫؛‬

CLIENT

HÊ. SORE WA BENRI DESU NE.

Hmm, that’s convenient!

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ The negative form of adjectives : change the final ––i to ––kunai Ex. atarashii (new) ‫ ڀ‬atarashikunai (not new)

GESTURES

COME HERE

I

- 17 -

NO



LESSON 13

ಯऊपखथऎटऔः SHIZUKA NI SHITE KUDASAI

ऌॆ अ

ऌ॒ ठॆअ

ॡड़থ

০঩मಸ ୑ खऽखञ‫؛‬

I was nervous today.

CUONG

৖ শ ‫ँؚ‬भভ঺दघऋ‫؛ؼ‬

Bucho, as for that company…

व ठॆअ

ऊः खू

KYÔ WA KINCHÔ SHIMASHITA. BUCHÔ, ANO KAISHA DESU GA… वठॆअ

ऩऊ

खङ

৖শ

ॡड़থऔ॒‫ؚ‬ग़ঞঋ‫شॱش‬भরदमಯऊप

Cuong, please be quiet in the

BUCHO

खथऎटऔः‫؛‬

elevator.

KUON-SAN, EREBÊTÂ NO NAKA DE WA SHIZUKA NI SHITE KUDASAI.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ The ga after desu is often used as a paradoxical conjunction. But it’s also used to introduce or bring up a subject.

*** Refraining from talking in the elevator is considered as being polite in Japan. Created by NHK WORLD © ver. April 2011

- 18 -


LESSON 14

ञटःऽರॉऽखञ TADAIMA MODORIMASHITA

ुन

ॡड़থ

ञटःऽರॉऽखञ‫؛‬

CUONG

TADAIMA MODORIMASHITA.

ृऽ ट

I’ve just come back.

৛ি

उऊइॉऩऔः‫؛‬

Welcome back.

YAMADA

नअदखञऊ‫ء‬

How did it go?

O-KAERI NASAI. DÔ DESHITA KA? उु

ॡड़থ

ऽँऽँटधઓःऽघ‫؛‬

I think it was so-so.

CUONG

ీ৺ऽदँध঳నदघ‫؛‬

We’re only one step away from the

MÂMÂ DA TO OMOIMASU.

contract.

ऐः ृऎ

ःढ ़

KEIYAKU MADE ATO IPPO DESU.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ To omoimasu means “I think that ____”. It comes after the basic form of a verb. ¾ Da to omoimasu is used after nouns and adjectives.

Greetings

In Japan, there are various greetings to suit defferent situations. Here are some that are well worth remembering. First, Tadaima (I’m home) and O-kaeri nasai (Welcome back). As you are going out, you say Itte kimasu, which is equivalent to “Good bye.” The person who is seeing you off says Itterasshai which is equivalent to “See you later.” Before you start eating a meal, you say Itadakimasu, meaning “I will eat.” When you finish eating, you say Gochisô sama deshita, which means “Thank you for the meal.” Gochisô sama deshita is also said to your host when you have been treated to a meal. Finally, you say O-yasumi nasai before going to bed ٕ “Good night.” The reply is the same: O-yasumi nasai. If you can master all these common greetings, the distance between you and the Japanese will shrink considerably!

- 19 -



नअखथऒभভ঺॑৭॒ट॒दघऊ‫ء‬

LESSON 15

DÔSHITE KONO KAISHA O ERANDA N DESU KA?

ृऽ ट

खओ ध

ऩ

৛ি

லহपຯोऽखञऊ‫ء‬

YAMADA

SHIGOTO NI NAREMASHITA KA?

ॡड़থ

मः‫؛‬उऊऑऔऽद‫؛‬

CUONG

HAI. OKAGESAMA DE.

औध अ

Have you gotten used to the work? Yes. Thanks to you. ऊःखू

इै

ଯઢ

धऒौद‫ؚ‬नअखथऒभভ঺॑৭॒ट॒द

By the way, why did you choose

SATO

घऊ‫ء‬

this company?

TOKORODE, DÔSHITE KONO KAISHA O ERANDA N DESU KA? ऍगॄणॉॆऎ

ऌॆअा

ॡड़থ

ऒऒभૼ ୒ ৡ प௪௡ऋँढञऊैदघ‫؛‬

Because I had an interest in this

CUONG

KOKO NO GIJUTSU-RYOKU NI KYÔMI

company’s technology.

GA ATTA KARA DESU.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ You use dôshite when asking the reason for something and you answer using kara desu meaning “because”.

Company parties

Japanese companies often hold parties among the members of staff. Typical ones include welcome parties for new employees, farewell parties on the occasion of personnel changes, and year-end parties to express thanks for all the work and support during the past year. It’s also common for colleagues to have dinner together while drinking alcohol or tea after work. If you cannot drink alcohol, there’s no problem with refusing, but you’re advised to use polite words. The ideal way of refusing is to include the reason and say Sumimasen, o-sake wa nomenai n desu, meaning “I’m sorry, but I can’t drink alcohol.” Parties are a good chance to get familiar with everyone and even discover unexpected sides of your colleagues, so please attend them if you are invited.


- 20 -


໊मમ৶भ঱ুऩযऋ஀ऌदघ

LESSON 16

BOKU WA RYÔRI NO JÔZU NA HITO GA SUKI DESU

ञऊमख

ऱध

ৈଶ

ऒभযऊढऒःःदखॆअ‫ء‬

TAKAHASHI

KONO HITO KAKKO II DESHÔ?

ृऽ ट

Isn’t this person cool?

द

৛ি

अ॒‫؛‬ःऽ‫ॻؚ‬ছঐपলथःॊेब‫؛‬

YAMADA

धऒौद‫ؚ‬ॡड़থऔ॒मन॒ऩ੓ਙऋ஀

now.

ऌ‫ء‬

By the way, what type of

UN. IMA, DORAMA NI DETE IRU YO

woman do you like, Cuong?

गॆचः

Yes. He is appearing in a drama घ

NE. TOKORODE, KUON-SAN WA DONNA JOSEI GA SUKI? ऻऎ

ॉॆअॉ

गॆअङ

ऱध

घ

ॡड़থ

໊मમ৶भ঱ুऩযऋ஀ऌदघ‫؛‬

I like a person who is good at

CUONG

BOKU WA RYÔRI NO JÔZU NA HITO

cooking.

GA SUKI DESU.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ ____ ga suki desu = “I like ____.” Ex. Ringo ga suki desu = “I like apples.” ¾ To make the progressive form : ––te form of a verb + imasu Ex. tabemasu (eat) ‫ ڀ‬tabete imasu (eating)

ॉ॒ओ

न॒ऩ୫स੟ऋ஀ऌदघऊ‫ء‬ What kind of food do you like?

Apple

घख Sushi

ছ‫ش‬ওথ Râmen

- 21 -



ঃ९॥থऋඟखः॒दघ

LESSON 17

PASOKON GA HOSHII N DESU

औध अ

ँख ञ

ः

ଯઢ

৥঩‫ؚ‬नऒऊষऌऽच॒ऊ‫ء‬

Shall we go somewhere

SATO

ASHITA, DOKO KA IKIMASEN KA?

tomorrow?

ॡड़থ

ःःदघब‫؛‬

Sounds good! In fact, I want a

CUONG

ৰम‫ؚؚ໊‬ঃ९॥থऋඟखः॒दघ‫؛‬

गण

ऻऎ

ऺ

personal computer.

II DESU NE. JITSUWA, BOKU, PASOKON GA HOSHII N DESU. ृऽ ट

ँऌ म य ै

ः

৛ি

गूँ‫ؚ‬௘୴ਉपষऌऽखॆअ‫؛‬

Then, let’s go to Akihabara.

YAMADA

ञऎऔ॒उ૲ऋँॉऽघे‫؛‬

There are many stores.

ाच

JÂ, AKIHABARA NI IKIMASHÔ. TAKUSAN O-MISE GA ARIMASU YO.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ ____ ga hoshii n desu = “I want _____” ¾ Invitational expressions:

⋇Change the ––masu ending of a verb to mashô ⋈Change the ––masu ending of a verb to masen ka?


- 22 -


LESSON 18

௘୴ਉपम‫ؚ‬नअষऐयःःदघऊ‫ء‬ AKIHABARA NI WA, DÔ IKEBA II DESU KA?

ॡड़থ

ँभ‫؛ؼ‬

CUONG

௘୴ਉपम‫ؚ‬नअষऐयःःदघऊ‫ء‬

Excuse me…

ँऌ म य ै

ः

How can I go to Akihabara?

ANÔ… AKIHABARA NI WA, DÔ IKEBA II DESU KA? इऌः॒

ःठय॒च॒

द॒खू

भ

पगॄढश॒

ण

ക৩

‫ڭ‬୞଍भਗ਼੤पଭोय‫ڬڮؚ‬ীदାऌऽघ

If you take a train from Platform

STAFF

े‫؛‬

1, you’ll arrive in 20 minutes.

ICHIBAN-SEN NO DENSHA NI NOREBA, NIJYUPPUN DE TSUKIMASU YO. ॡड़থ

ःऎैदघऊ‫ء‬

CUONG

IKURA DESU KA?

इऌः॒

ऱूऎऌॄअगॄअइ॒

STAFF

HYAKU-KYÛJÛ EN DESU.

ക৩

How much is it?

‫ ڬ ڵ ڭ‬৞ दघ‫؛‬

It’s a hundred and ninety yen.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ To ask for advice, you remove the ––masu ending of a verb, change the syllable before masu to the e-dan and add ba ii desu ka?. Ex. ikimasu (go) ‫ ڀ‬ikeba ii desu ka? (should I go?)

- 23 -



LESSON 19

ःऽਟञधऒौ IMA KITA TOKORO

ॡड़থ

ऒ॒पठम‫؛‬

Good afternoon.

CUONG

ଫःदघब‫آ‬

You’re early!

मृ

KONNICHIWA. HAYAI DESU NE! ृऽ ट

ॎञख

ऌ

৛ি

अअ॒‫ ؛‬எ ञठुःऽਟञधऒौ‫؛‬

YAMADA

UUN. WATASHITACHI MO IMA KITA

No, we’ve just arrived, too.

TOKORO. ॡड़থ

अॎऀ‫ؼ‬घओः‫؛‬

CUONG

॥५উঞखथःॊযऋञऎऔ॒ःॊ‫؛‬

There are many people doing

UWÂ…SUGOI!

cosplay!

Oh…Amazing! ऱध

KOSUPURE SHITE IRU HITO GA TAKUSAN IRU. औध अ

उुखौ

ଯઢ

એஜःटौ‫ء‬

It’s interesting, isn’t it? Right,

SATO

औँ‫ؚ‬ষऒअ‫؛‬

let’s go!

ः

OMOSHIROI DARO? SÂ, IKÔ.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ The past tense of the basic form of a verb + tokoro desu = “have just ____” ¾ The basic form of a verb + tokoro desu = “(be) about to ____”


- 24 -


LESSON 20

ःैढखूःऽच IRASSHAIMASE

थ॒ः॒

૲৩

ःैढखूःऽच‫؛‬

Welcome!

SHOP

ञटःऽ७‫ش‬ঝ র दघ‫آ‬

A sale is in progress right now!

ASSISTANT

IRASSHAIMASE!

ठॄअ

TADAIMA SÊRU-CHÛ DESU! ृऽ ट

ऌॆ अ ऊ

৛ি

০঩େअभमঃ९॥থटऐ‫ء‬

YAMADA

KYÔ KAU NO WA PASOKON DAKE? द॒ ख

Is a personal computer the only thing you’re buying today?

ःौ ःौ ऊ

ॡड़থ

ःृ‫ॸؚ‬ঞঅधऊਗ਼৕ঞথ४धऊ౦‫ر‬େउ

No, I’m thinking of buying

CUONG

अधઓढथःऽघ‫؛‬

various things, such as a

IYA, TEREBI TOKA DENSHI RENJI

television and a microwave

TOKA IROIRO KAÔ TO OMOTTE

oven.

उु

IMASU. औध अ

ृघ

ଯઢ

उढ‫ؚ‬਍ः‫آ‬ऒभॸঞঅ‫؛‬

SATO

O’, YASUI! KONO TEREBI.

Oh, cheap…this television!

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ To express intention : ––masu form of a verb ‫–– ڀ‬yô Ex. mimasu (see) ‫ ڀ‬miyô (will see) ¾ ____ yô to omoimasu = “thinking of doing ____” Ex. tabemasu (eat) ‫ ڀ‬tabeyô to omoimasu (thinking of eating)

Three Sacred Treasures

Since ancient times in Japan, the Imperial Regalia of the Imperial Family have been the sword, the mirror and the jewel. They are also known as the Three Sacred Treasures. In the 1950s, when electrical products were still rather scarce, a black-and-white television set, a refrigerator, and a washing machine were known as the “three sacred treasures” that everyone longed for. Those electrical appliances were later widely diffused and greatly changed the Japanese lifestyle. So what are the three sacred treasures these days, now that our lives are filled with electrical products? Some people say flat televisions and digital cameras, but there are many new candidates appearing one after other. What would you choose as the “three sacred treasures” of the 21st century?

- 25 -



LESSON 21

नठैऋउघघीदघऊ‫ء‬ DOCHIRA GA O-SUSUME DESU KA?

ॡड़থ

घाऽच॒‫؛‬

Excuse me. Which would you

CUONG

नठैऋउघघीदघऊ‫ء‬

recommend?

SUMIMASEN. DOCHIRA GA O-SUSUME DESU KA? थ॒ः॒

णऊ

૲৩

नभेअपउઞःदघऊ‫ء‬

SHOP

DONO YÔ NI O-TSUKAI DESU KA?

How will you be using it?

ASSISTANT ॡड़থ

ॖথॱ‫ृॺॵॿش‬ও‫ش‬ঝदघ‫؛‬

CUONG

INTÂNETTO YA MÊRU DESU.

थ॒ः॒

ऺअ

For the Internet and e-mails. ेअॉॆअ

૲৩

ऒठैभ্ऋँठैेॉওঔজ‫ش‬भઍ ୤

This one has a bigger memory

SHOP

ऋপऌःदघ‫؛‬

than that one.

੿঵஍૨ऋ॔ॵউखऽघे‫؛‬

That will boost your work

KOCHIRA NO HÔ GA ACHIRA YORI

efficiency.

ASSISTANT

उउ

औऍॆअ ऒअॉण

MEMORÎ NO YÔRYÔ GA ÔKII DESU. SAGYÔ KÔRITSU GA APPU SHIMASU YO.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ When you want to ask “how”, you use the interrogative dono yô ni. ¾ When you want to compare two things, you say A no hô ga B yori ____ meaning “A is ____ than B.”


- 26 -


LESSON 22

उ੅ठషॉपऩॉऽघऊ‫ء‬ O-MOCHIKAERI NI NARIMASU KA?

थ॒ः॒

ऊ

ँ

૲৩

उେः঱ऑँॉऋधअओकःऽघ‫؛‬

Thank you very much for your

SHOP

ଦଛमਈಢद਽໫঩दघ‫؛‬

purchase.

ASSISTANT

O-KAIAGE ARIGATÔ GOZAIMASU.

The earliest time for delivery is

HAISÔ WA SAITAN DE MOKUYÔBI

Thursday.

मःजअ

औःञ॒

ुऎेअल

DESU. घऒ

मृ

बऋ

ॡड़থ

ुअ૘खଫऎउൢःखञः॒दघऋ‫؛ؼ‬

If possible, I’d like you to deliver

CUONG

MÔ SUKOSHI HAYAKU O-NEGAI

it a little earlier…

SHITAI N DESU GA… थ॒ः॒

ुअ

ॎऐ

૲৩

ணख๨ँॉऽच॒‫؛‬

SHOP

ुखउ૶ऍऩै‫ؚ‬उ੅ठషॉपऩॉऽघ

If you’re in a hurry, do you want

ASSISTANT

ऊ‫ء‬

to take it home with you?

ःज

I’m very sorry. ु

ऊइ

MÔSHIWAKE ARIMASEN. MOSHI O-ISOGI NARA, O-MOCHIKAERI NI NARIMASU KA?

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ The expression of desire : replace ––masu form of a verb to tai ¾ A noun, an adjective or the basic form of a verb + nara = “If ____”

Home-delivery services

In the big cities like Tokyo, many people go shopping by train or bus, so if they buy big or heavy items, it’s difficult to carry them home. For that reason, many electrical appliance stores and department stores offer a home delivery service. It’s very convenient because you can specify the date and time period for the delivery. When the delivery arrives, you simply have to sign the delivery form before you receive the item. So, when the delivery person says “Sumimasen. Koko ni sain o onegai shimasu” meaning “I’m sorry to bother you, but could you please sign here?” to you, please write your signature on the paper.

- 27 -



ছথॳपम॥‫ش‬঄‫ش‬ऊ༞ภऋणऌऽघ

LESSON 23

RANCHI NI WA KÔHÎ KA KÔCHA GA TSUKIMASU

थ॒ः॒

ठॄअु॒

ऌ

૲৩

ओି ધ मउৠऽॉदघऊ‫ء‬

SERVER

GO-CHÛMON WA O-KIMARI DESU

Can I take your order?

KA? औध अ

थ॒

ऱध

ଯઢ

मः‫؛‬ଠशैअन॒॑‫ڭ‬णध

Yes. We’d like one bowl of udon

SATO

ঁথং‫ॢش‬ছথॳ॑‫ڮ‬णउൢःखऽघ‫؛‬

noodles with tempura and two

HAI. TENPURA UDON O HITOTSU TO

Hamburger steak set lunches.

ऴञ

बऋ

HANBÂGU RANCHI O FUTATSU O-NEGAI SHIMASU. थ॒ः॒

ऒअठू

૲৩

ছথॳपम॥‫ش‬঄‫ش‬ऊ༞ภऋणऌऽघ‫؛‬

Coffee or tea is served with

SERVER

RANCHI NI WA KÔHÎ KA KÔCHA GA

lunch.

TSUKIMASU. खॆऎओ

बऋ

ॡड़থ

୫৏प॥‫ش‬঄‫॑ش‬उൢःखऽघ‫؛‬

We’d like our coffee after the

CUONG

SHOKUGO NI KÔHÎ O O-NEGAI

meal, please.

SHIMASU. ऊखऒऽॉऽखञ‫؛‬ KASHIKOMARIMASHITA.

Certainly.

थ॒ः॒

૲৩ SERVER

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ Ways to count things ichi-dai

ichi-mai

hitotsu

ni-dai

ni-mai

futatsu

san-dai

san-mai

mittsu

Most popular dishes in Japan The dish that the Japanese like best is, without doubt, sushi. In a survey carried out by NHK in 2007, 73% of the people asked replied “I like sushi” and it stood clearly at the top of the list. In second position was “sashimi” and “grilled fish” came in fifth position. This demonstrates how much the Japanese love fish. The top 10 includes two dishes that are actually foreign dishes that have been arranged to suit the Japanese palate: ramen and curry. Ramen is Chinese noodles in soup. About 5 billion servings of instant noodles are eaten every year around the world. Created by NHK WORLD © ver. April 2011

- 28 -


॔ॶ॔ॶदउःखऊढञब

LESSON 24

ATSUATSU DE OISHIKATTA NE

औध अ

ଯઢ

ओठजअऔऽ‫؛‬

SATO

GOCHISÔ-SAMA.

ृऽ ट

Thank you for the meal.

৛ি

ঁথং‫ॢش‬म॔ॶ॔ॶदउःखऊढञब‫؛‬

The Hamburger steak was

YAMADA

HANBÂGU WA ATSUATSU DE

sizzling and delicious, wasn’t

OISHIKATTA NE.

it?

ी॒

ॡड़থ

अन॒ुᓻऋঔॳঔॳदखञ‫؛‬

The udon noodles had a soft

CUONG

UDON MO MEN GA MOCHIMOCHI

and springy texture.

DESHITA. थ॒ः॒

ऊःऐः

ःढखॆ

૲৩

उভੑमओ঳คदेौखःदघऊ‫ء‬

Would you like to pay the bill

RESTAURANT

O-KAIKEI WA GO-ISSHO DE

together?

STAFF

YOROSHII DESU KA?

औध अ

सणसण

बऋ

ଯઢ

શ‫ر‬दउൢःखऽघ‫؛‬

Could we pay separately,

SATO

BETSUBETSU DE O-NEGAI SHIMASU.

please.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ Onomatopoeic expressions :

atsuatsu (sizzling) mochimochi (soft and springy)

Tempura udon noodles

Hamburger steak lunch set

- 29 -



LESSON 25

ക৐दुैढञभ EKIMAE DE MORATTA NO

ृऽ ट

ऊ

छ

৛ি

௯ဪ‫ॸء‬ॕॵ३গँऑॊ‫؛‬

YAMADA

KAZE? TISSHU AGERU.

ॡड़থ

ँॉऋधअओकःऽघ‫؛‬

CUONG

ARIGATÔ GOZAIMASU.

ृऽ ट

A cold? I’ll give you a tissue. Thank you very much.

इऌऽइ

৛ি

मः‫؛‬ऒो‫ؚ‬ക৐दुैढञभ‫؛‬

Here you are. I got this in front

YAMADA

HAI. KORE, EKIMAE DE MORATTA NO.

of the station.

ॡड़থ

ञटदॸॕॵ३গ॑ऎोॊ॒दघऊ‫ء‬

They give you free tissues?

CUONG

TADA DE TISSHU O KURERU N DESU KA?

ृऽ ट

৛ি

जअऩभ‫؛‬

YAMADA

SÔ NA NO.

Yes, that’s right.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ Expressions used when exchanging things moraimasu = “get” agemasu = “give” (when the speaker gives something to someone) kuremasu = “give” (when someone gives something to the speaker)

Essential items for keeping you neat and tidy

What are essential items that people in your country use to keep themselves neat and tidy? In Japan, one essential item is a handkerchief. An electric company conducted a survey about handkerchiefs in 2010. To the question “Do you normally carry a handkerchief or hand towel with you?”, 70% of people answered “ Yes, I always carry one.” If we add another answer – “Not always, but often” – then in fact around 85% of people usually carry one. Handkerchiefs made from a wide variety of materials and in many colors are on display at department stores and large clothing stores. Why don’t you drop by the handkerchief section and take a look when you visit Japan? Source : Tokyo Electric Power Company


- 30 -


उऊऑऔऽद

LESSON 26

OKAGE-SAMA DE

ृऽ ट

ॡड़থ

৛িऔ॒ष

CUONG

YAMADA-SAN E ऌॆ अ

Dear Miss Yamada

ँऌ म य ै

ँ॒ऩः

০঩म௘୴ਉ॑੧৔खथऎोथ‫ँؚ‬ॉऋधअओ

Thank you very much for kindly

कःऽखञ‫؛‬

showing me around Akihabara

KYÔ WA AKIHABARA O ANNAI SHITE

today.

KURETE, ARIGATÔ GOZAIMASHITA. े

ऊ

उऊऑऔऽद‫ؚ‬ଐःঃ९॥থ॑େअऒधऋदऌ

Thanks to you, I could buy a good

ऽखञ‫؛‬

personal computer.

OKAGE-SAMA DE, YOI PASOKON O KAU KOTO GA DEKIMASHITA. बऋ

ऒोऊैु‫ेؚ‬ौखऎउൢःखऽघ‫؛‬

I will appreciate your continued

KORE KARA MO, YOROSHIKU O-NEGAI

help in the future as well.

SHIMASU. ॡड़থेॉ

From Cuong

KUON YORI

GRAMMAR POINT

MAP OF JAPAN

¾ When you change the ––masu ending to ––te and add kuremasu, it means “do me/us the favor of ____” ¾ If koto ga dekimasu follows the basic form of a verb, it becomes an expression of possibility.

- 31 -


To download free audio lessons, visit NHK WORLD ऊ

छ

ऱ

௯ဪ॑ਬःञाञःदघ

LESSON 27

KAZE O HIITA MITAI DESU

वठॆअ

ऊ

छ

ऱ

ॡड़থ

৖শ‫؛‬௯ဪ॑ਬःञाञःदघ‫؛‬

Bucho, it seems that I’ve caught

CUONG

০঩म೬ाऽघ‫؛‬

a cold.

BUCHÔ. KAZE O HIITA MITAI DESU.

I’ll take the day off today.

KYÔ WA YASUMIMASU. वठॆअ

णऊ

द

৖শ

໸ोऋলञभऊुखोऩःब‫؛‬

Maybe you’ve been overcome

BUCHO

ଫऎ ୰ ੹पষऌऩऔः‫؛‬

with fatigue.

TSUKARE GA DETA NO KAMO

You should go to hospital

SHIRENAI NE.

quickly.

मृ

लॆअ ः॒

ः

HAYAKU BYÔIN NI IKINASAI. ॡड़থ

मः‫؛‬ॎऊॉऽखञ‫؛‬

CUONG

HAI. WAKARIMASHITA.

वठॆअ

Yes. Alright.

टः ग

৖শ

दम‫ؚ‬उপহप‫؛‬

Well, please take care of

BUCHO

DEWA, O-DAIJI NI.

yourself.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ The basic form of a verb + mitai desu = “It seems ____” ¾ To make imperative form : remove ––masu ending of a verb and add ––nasai Ex. ikimasu (go) ‫ ڀ‬ikinasai (should go)

Hôrenso

The basic elements of communication in a company are known as “hôrensô”. The term hôrensô is made up from the first syllables of three words: hôkoku, meaning “report”; renraku, meaning “contact”; and sôdan, meaning “consult”. Actually, the term hôrensô is a pun, because it sounds the same as hôrensô meaning “spinach,” the vegetable! If you get lazy regarding the business meaning of hôrensô, you may end up making mistakes of judgment or having business problems, so please make sure to keep to it. Hôkoku – “report” – means to constantly report how your work is progressing so that your bosses and colleagues can immediately respond if some problem comes up. Renraku – “contact” – means to inform your bosses and colleagues of work plans and schedules. And you should always tell them if you’re going straight home after some outside appointment or when you wish to take a day off. Sôdan – “consult” – means to ask for appropriate instructions and advice. If you are still inexperienced (like Cuong), it’s not at all embarrassing to ask anything. An old proverb says: “To ask a question is a temporary embarrassment, but not to ask is a lasting embarrassment.” So never hesitate to ask! Created by NHK WORLD © ver. April 2011

- 32 -


LESSON 28

नअखऽखञऊ‫ء‬ DÔ SHIMASHITA KA?

ः

ख

ୢప

नअखऽखञऊ‫ء‬

DOCTOR

DÔ SHIMASHITA KA?

ॡड़থ

০ફऊैउऩऊऋ൱ःदघ‫؛‬

I’ve had a stomach-ache since

CUONG

KESA KARA ONAKA GA ITAI DESU.

this morning.

ः

ऐ

ख

औ

What seems to be the trouble? ःञ

ःइ ॒

ୢప

५ॺঞ५पेॊ၌༇ऊुखोऽच॒‫؛‬

It may be gastritis caused by

DOCTOR

खयैऎ஘৕॑ৄऽखॆअ‫؛‬

stress.

SUTORESU NI YORU IEN KAMO

Let’s monitor your condition for a

SHIREMASEN. SHIBARAKU YÔSU O

while.

ेअ घ

ा

MIMASHÔ. ॡड़থ

ॎऊॉऽखञ‫؛‬

I understand.

CUONG

੔ে‫ؚ‬ओනम୫सथुःःदघऊ‫ء‬

Doctor, is it alright to eat some

WAKARIMASHITA. SENSEI, GOHAN WA

food?

च॒चः

म॒

ञ

TABETE MO II DESU KA?

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ Kamo shiremasen means “maybe ____” and it’s used when there is a certain possibility. The verb before kamo shiremasen has to be in the basic form. ¾ To ask for permission : ––te form of a verb + mo ii desu ka?

ःञ

उऩऊऋ൱ःदघ‫؛‬ ONAKA GA ITAI DESU

ःञ

ँञऽऋ൱ःदघ‫؛‬ ATAMA GA ITAI DESU

बणऋँॉऽघ‫؛‬ NETSU GA ARI MASU

- 33 -



LESSON 29

ःठपठ

औ॒ऊःभ

‫ڭ‬঩प‫گ‬৚ධ॒दऎटऔः ICHINICHI NI SANKAI NONDE KUDASAI

ृढऌॆऎ

ः औ॒

उऔ

ऎघॉ

ट

ఇଂ

၌෷॑೪इॊ ఇ ॑লखऽघ‫؛‬

We are giving you some

PHARMACIST

‫ڭ‬঩प‫گ‬৚ධ॒दऎटऔः‫؛‬

medicine to reduce stomach

ISAN O OSAERU KUSURI O

acid.

DASHIMASU.

Take it three times a day.

ःठपठ

औ॒ऊःभ

ICHINICHI NI SANKAI NONDE KUDASAI. भ

ॡड़থ

ःणධीयःःदघऊ‫ء‬

CUONG

ITSU NOMEBA II DESU KA?

ृढऌॆऎ

खॆऎओ

When should I take it?

भ

ఇଂ

୫৏पධ॒दऎटऔः‫؛‬

Please take it after meals.

PHARMACIST

‫گ‬঩ীँॉऽघ‫؛‬

There is medicine for three

SHOKUGO NI NONDE KUDASAI.

days.

ाढऊव॒

MIKKABUN ARIMASU.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ To count the number of times : the number + kai Ex. ikkai (once), nikai (twice), sankai (three times)


- 34 -

http://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/ उुखौ

उु

એஜः॔ॖॹ॔टधઓःऽघे

LESSON 30

OMOSHIROI AIDEA DA TO OMOIMASU YO

वठॆअ

ॡड़থ

৖শ‫؛‬০‫ؚ‬उৎ৑ेौखःदघऊ‫ء‬

Bucho, can you spare a

CUONG

BUCHÔ. IMA, O-JIKAN YOROSHII

minute?

DESU KA? वठॆअ

৖শ

मः‫؛‬

BUCHO

HAI.

ॡड़থ

ঐ‫ॸॣش‬ॕথॢभ੫઺છ॑છऌऽखञ‫؛‬

I wrote a marketing proposal.

CUONG

ഭ॒दःञटऐऽघऊ‫ء‬

Could you please read it?

Yes. ऌऊऎखॆ

ऊ

े

MÂKETINGU NO KIKAKUSHO O KAKIMASHITA. YONDE ITADAKEMASU KA? वठॆअ

उु खौ

उु

৖শ

ऩऊऩऊએஜः॔ॖॹ॔टधઓःऽघे‫؛‬

I think it’s quite an interesting

BUCHO

औढजऎ‫ؚ‬ভ৮दा॒ऩभਔৄ॑ୂऌऽखॆ

idea.

अ‫؛‬

Let’s hear everyone’s opinion at

NAKANAKA OMOSHIROI AIDEA DA TO

a meeting right away.

ऊः ऍ

ःऐ ॒

ऌ

OMOIMASU YO. SASSOKU, KAIGI DE MINNA NO IKEN O KIKIMASHÔ.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ ––te form of a verb + itadakemasu ka? = “Could you please ____?” ¾ Suggestive form : remove ––masu ending to ––mashô Ex. kikimasu (hear) ‫ ڀ‬kikimashô (let’s hear)

How to praise someone at the workplace

People increase their enthusiasm for work even more when they are praised. There are various expressions to praise someone. For example, sasuga means “Just as I expected!”, ii desu ne means “That’s very good,” subarashii means “Great!” and o-migoto means “Excellent!” But you should be careful because compliments like these may not only have a positive effect: they can sometimes lead to a deterioration in human relationships. If you repeat expressions of praise thoughtlessly, it may sound like sarcasm rather than praise, or suggest that you are blaming or despising the other person. Also, please remember two basic rules: when you praise someone, do it in front of others; and when you tell someone off, do it when nobody else is around.

- 35 -



LESSON 31

ःठन

ुअ঳২ृढथाऽघ MÔ ICHIDO YATTE MIMASU

वठॆअ

खॉॆअ

৖শ

औढऌभৱમ‫ॢؚ‬ছই॑णऐञैनअऊ

Why don’t you try attaching a

BUCHO

ऩ‫ء‬

graph to the materials I saw ा

उु

जअघोय‫ृৄؚ‬घऎऩॊधઓःऽघे‫؛‬

earlier?

SAKKI NO SHIRYÔ, GURAFU O

If you do that, I think it will be

TSUKETARA DÔ KA NA?

easier to look at.

SÔ SUREBA, MIYASUKU NARU TO OMOIMASU YO. ॡड़থ

ॎऊॉऽखञ‫؛‬

Alright.

CUONG

ुअ঳২ृढथाऽघ‫؛‬

I’ll try doing it again.

ःठन

WAKARIMASHITA. MÔ ICHIDO YATTE MIMASU.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ ––te form of a verb + mimasu = “try to ____” ¾ Remove the ––masu ending of a verb + yasuku narimasu = “becomes easier to ____”


- 36 -

http://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/ ठॆअऔ

ঔॽॱ‫ش‬৹ਪ॑खथमःऊऋदखॆअऊ‫ء‬

LESSON 32

MONITÂ CHÔSA O SHITE WA IKAGA DESHÔ KA?

ॡड़থ CUONG

खॆअऱ॒

ाॉॆऎ

ख

ऱणेअ

ૹ ષ भྟৡ॑ੴढथुैअ૑ਏऋँॉऽ

There’s a need for us to inform

घ‫؛‬

consumers about the attractive

ऋःऒऎग॒

ञःखॆअ

ठॆअऔ

ਗবয॑ৌ ଴ पঔॽॱ‫ش‬৹ਪ॑खथम

features of the product.

ःऊऋदखॆअऊ‫ء‬

How about conducting a monitor

SHÔHIN NO MIRYOKU O SHITTE

survey targeted at foreigners?

MORAU HITSUYÔ GA ARIMASU. GAIKOKUJIN O TAISHÔ NI MONITÂ CHÔSA O SHITE WA IKAGA DESHÔ KA? औध अ

ଯઢ

॥५ॺऋऊऊॉघऍऽघ‫؛‬

SATO

KOSUTO GA KAKARISUGIMASU.

वठॆअ

ऊो

ऒभ

It will cost too much.

ख

৖শ

दु‫ؚ‬ೀैभ஀ा॑ੴॊॳকথ५दघे‫؛‬

However, it’s a chance to know

BUCHO

DEMO, KARERA NO KONOMI O SHIRU

their taste.

CHANSU DESU YO.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ ––te form of a verb + wa ikaga deshô ka? = “How about ____” ¾ Remove the ––masu ending of a verb + sugimasu = “too much”

How about tiding up?

Companies that employ foreigners have educational programs to teach them typical Japanese business-related manners and use of language. Even so, the “ambiguity” that is a characteristic of the Japanese language can cause unexpected troubles. For example, one day a boss said, “Kirei ni shitara?” to a foreign subordinate whose desk was messy. The following day, however, the desk was still untidy. The boss meant that the subordinate should clear up his desk immediately so that it would look tidy when customers visited the office, but his real intention didn’t get through at all. Kirei ni shitara? Literally means “I think it would be good if you tidied up your desk.” However, the subordinate simply took his words as advice and did nothing. The boss should have made him clear his desk by saying clearly, “Don’t keep anything on your desk apart from your computer!” One secret of working in Japan is to be able to understand the real meaning of vague instructions! - 37 -



LESSON 33

ृऽट

ा

৛িऔ॒पৄथुैढथऎटऔः YAMADA-SAN NI MITE MORATTE KUDASAI

वठॆअ

ऌऊऎखॆ

ऐ ः ॉ व

ञऊमख

उऎ

৖শ

औढऌभ੫઺છ‫৽ؚ‬৶৖भৈଶऔ॒पଛढ

Could you do me the favour of

BUCHO

थऎोॊ‫ء‬

sending the proposal we talked

SAKKI NO KIKAKUSHO, KEIRI-BU NO

about earlier to Miss Takahashi

TAKAHASHI-SAN NI OKUTTE

in the accounting department?

KURERU? ऽइ

ःठ न ी

धउ

ॡड़থ

जभ৐प‫ुؚ‬अ঳২৯॑ৢखथऺखः॒

I want you to look over it once

CUONG

दघऋ‫؛ؼ‬

again before that…

SONO MAE NI, MÔ ICHIDO ME O TÔSHITE HOSHII N DESU GA… वठॆअ

ःऽ

द

ृऽ ट

৖শ

ओी॒‫؛‬০ऊैলऊऐॊभद‫ؚ‬৛িऔ॒पৄ

I’m sorry. Because I have to go

BUCHO

थुैढथऎटऔः‫؛‬

out now, please have Miss

GOMEN. IMA KARA DEKAKERU

Yamada look over it.

NODE, YAMADA-SAN NI MITE MORATTE KUDASAI.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ As for expressions used to indicate some benefit, you change the ––masu ending of a verb to ––te and add moraimasu or kuremasu. If the receiver of the benefit is the subject, moraimasu is used, and if the giver is the subject, kuremasu is used.

Expressions for smooth communication In Japan, the idea that “Harmony is the greatest of virtues” is still very much alive in the business world. A typical expression related to that spirit is o-kage sama de, which means “thanks to ‫ع‬.” It’s used in examples like “Thanks to you, we could get the contract.” Even through you may actually have done most of the work, by using the expression o-kage sama de to express your appreciation of everyone’s guidance and support, you can show that you value their cooperation highly. On the other hand, if you start off by saying Zannen nagara… meaning “Unluckily…” or “Unfortunately…,” it indicates you’re about to report some bad news. Ossharu tôri desu ga… means “It’s just as you say, but…” It’s used when you present a counter-opinion, implying the nuance of “I fully understand what you want to say, but…” When you can freely use these expressions, you can be considered as a fully-fledged worker in Japan!


- 38 -

http://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/ ऌॆअ

ु

ऱ

০঩म೤इॊओाभ঩दघे

LESSON 34

KYÔ WA MOERU GOMI NO HI DESU YO

उउ ृ

ऌॆ अ

ु

ऱ

পੇ

ॡड़থऔ॒‫ؚ‬০঩म೤इॊओाभ঩दघ

Cuong, today’s the day for

LANDLADY

े‫آ‬

combustible waste!

KUON SAN, KYÔ WA MOERU GOMI NO HI DESU YO! ु

ऱ

ॡड़থ

೤इॊओाभ঩‫ء‬

CUONG

MOERU GOMI NO HI?

उउ ृ

व॒ सण

The day for combustible waste?

ट

পੇ

ओामীશखथলखऽघ‫؛‬

Garbage has to be sorted into

LANDLADY

৑ୀढथলघध‫ؚ‬ૐीथऎोऽच॒‫؛‬

types before you put it out.

GOMI WA BUNBETSU SHITE

If you put out the wrong type by

DASHIMASU. MACHIGATTE DASU TO,

mistake, it won’t be collected.

ऽ ठऋ

ट

ँण

ATSUMETE KUREMASEN. ऌ

ॡड़থ

मः‫؛‬ਞ॑णऐऽघ‫؛‬

CUONG

HAI. KI O TSUKEMASU.

All right. I’ll be careful.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ moeru gomi “combustible garbage”, moenai gomi “non-combustible garbage” ¾ The basic form of a verb + to = “if ____”

- 39 -



LESSON 35

खॆअऋढऒअ

खॄअओअ

৵ ৾ ૅ प ૐ ় दघ

SHÔGAKKÔ NI SHÛGÔ DESU

उउ ृ

पठेअल

ठॆअऩःऊः

जअ ग

ऒ

পੇ

঩໫঩प঴ ৔ ভ द྽௾॑घॊ॒टऐन‫ؚ‬ਟ

On Sunday, the neighborhood

LANDLADY

ऩः‫ء‬

association is going to do some

NICHIYÔBI NI CHÔNAI-KAI DE SÔJI O

cleaning. Do you want to join us?

SURU N DAKEDO, KONAI? जअ ग

ॡड़থ

नऒभ྽௾दघऊ‫ء‬

CUONG

DOKO NO SÔJI DESU KA?

उउ ृ

ाठयञ

Where are you going to clean?

ऱौ

ठॆअऩः

ःढखॄअ

পੇ

੊ഈभओा࿆॑ ःऩऋै‫ ؚ‬঴ ৔ ॑ ‫ ڭ‬ఢ घ

We’ll walk around the

LANDLADY

ॊभ‫؛‬

neighborhood picking up roadside

ँ औ ऎ ग

खॆअऋढऒअ

खॄअओअ

ફ‫ڵ‬ৎ‫ؚ‬৵ ৾ ૅ पૐ ় दघ‫؛‬

litter.

MICHIBATA NO GOMI O

We’re assembling at the

HIROINAGARA, CHÔNAI O ISSHÛ

elementary school at 9 a.m.

SURU NO. ASA KUJI, SHÔGAKKÔ NI SHÛGÔ DESU. उऎ

मृ उ

ॡड़থ

ॎँ‫؛‬೚ोऩःेअपଫକऌखऽघ‫؛‬

Oh! I’ll get up early so that I won’t

CUONG

WÂ! OKURENAI YÔ NI HAYAOKI

be late.

SHIMASU.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ The negative basic form of a verb + yô ni = “in order not to ___” Ex. wasuremasu (forget) ‫ ڀ‬wasurenai yô ni = (in order not to forget)

Neighborhood associations

A neighborhood association is an organization for the residents living in the same area to carry out activities aimed at creating a better community to live in. It is called chônai-kai or jichi-kai. One of the main activities is keeping the neighborhood clean, as mentioned in the skit. Other activities might include planning and organizing the local summer festival or fireworks event so that the local residents can have a feeling of unity. A chônai-kai may also organize disaster drills in preparation for a major earthquake and operate patrols to help prevent crimes.


- 40 -


ढ़ॵॺदघब

LESSON 36

KATTO DESU NE

ल े अ ख

ऌॆ अ

஖ઍప

০঩मनअखऽघऊ‫ء‬

How would you like your hair

HAIRDRESSER

KYÔ WA DÔ SHIMASU KA?

done today?

ॡड़থ

ಢ ऎखथऺखः॒दघऐन‫؛ؼ‬

I’d like my hair cut short…

CUONG

MIJIKAKU SHITE HOSHII N DESU KEDO…

ल े अ ख

஖ઍప

ढ़ॵॺदघब‫؛‬

HAIRDRESSER

শऔमनअखऽघऊ‫ء‬

How would you like the length?

৐྾मᇳपऊऊॊங২दघऊ‫ء‬

Would you like the fringe long

KATTO DESU NE.

enough to cover your

NAGASA WA DÔ SHIMASU KA?

eyebrows?

A haircut, right?

ऩऋ

ऽइऋा

ऽॅ

थः न

MAEGAMI WA MAYU NI KAKARU TEIDO DESU KA? ागऊ

ॡड़থ

ुढध ಢ ऎखथऎटऔः‫؛‬

CUONG

MOTTO MIJIKAKU SHITE KUDASAI.

Please make it shorter.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ ––te form of a verb + hoshii n desu = “would like ____ to ____” Ex. issho ni itte hoshii n desu (I would like you to go with me)

- 41 -



LESSON 37

थ॒ऌ

ःःଠਞपऩॉऽखञब II TENKI NI NARIMASHITA NE

थ॒ ऌ

ॡड़থ

ःःଠਞपऩॉऽखञब‫؛‬

The weather’s turned fine,

CUONG

II TENKI NI NARIMASHITA NE.

hasn’t it?

ऌ॒गॆ

ऺ॒धअ

ऱध

੺ਚभয

মਊ‫؛‬

NEIGHBOR

ංऋਢःञऊै‫୲ؚ‬खवॉपਞ੅ठःःॎ‫؛‬

Because it’s been raining so

HONTÔ. AME GA TSUZUITA KARA,

much, I feel comfortable for the

HISASHIBURI NI KIMOCHI II WA.

first time in a long time.

ॡड़থ CUONG

ँी

णत

ँञञ

Yes, indeed! ऱऔ

ऌ

ु

जअ ग

ऌ

ु

཮ ऊऎऩढञभद‫ؚ‬྽௾घॊभुਞ੅ठ

Because it’s become warm, I feel

ःःदघ‫؛‬

comfortable doing the cleaning

ATATAKAKU NATTA NODE, SÔJI SURU

as well.

NO MO KIMOCHI II DESU.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ When narimasu follows a noun, the particle ni comes before narimasu. ¾ When adjectives are followed by narimasu, the final ––i changes to ku. Ex. atatakai (warm) ‫ ڀ‬atatakaku narimasu (becomes warm)

The weather Thanks to Japan’s four distinct seasons, the Japanese are very sensitive to the changing seasons. When you write a formal letter, it’s good manners to begin with some seasonal greeting. And you should seize any opportunity for conversation by starting with the topic of the weather. When you start talking to someone you’ve just met for the first time, talking about politics does not create a comfortable atmosphere. It’s also better to avoid starting off with some personal matters, because the Japanese consider keeping some distance from other people as being very important. Here are two expressions that show how closely the Japanese associate with the weather. Have you ever heard of a hare-onna, which means “a fine-weather woman” or an ame-otoko, “a rain man”? For some reason, a hare-onna always seems to take fine weather with her when traveling or going out, whereas an ame-otoko always seems to produce rain when it’s least wanted! In fact, the Japanese qualify themselves as a hare or an ame! Which type are you? Created by NHK WORLD © ver. April 2011

- 42 -

http://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/ गख॒

उ

৉൜ऋକऌञै‫ؚ‬नअखञैःःदघऊ‫ء‬

LESSON 38

JISHIN GA OKITARA, DÔ SHITARA II DESU KA?

ःइ

धऌ

गख ॒

उ

ॡड़থ

ੇपःॊৎ‫ؚ‬৉൜ऋକऌञै‫ؚ‬नअखञै

What should I do if an

CUONG

ःःदघऊ‫ء‬

earthquake occurs when I’m at

IE NI IRU TOKI, JISHIN GA OKITARA,

home?

DÔ SHITARA II DESU KA? उउ ृ

खञ

मः

পੇ

ऽङॸ‫ش‬ঈঝभৣपোढथब‫؛‬

First, you should go under a

LANDLADY

MAZU TÊBURU NO SHITA NI HAITTE

table.

NE. ऌ॒गॆ

ऱध

ञउ

ऊ

ए

ठॄअ ः

੺ਚभয

౵ोथऎॊੇ఻प ି ਔखऩऎठू‫؛‬

You must pay attention to falling

NEIGHBOR

TAORETE KURU KAGU NI CHÛI

furniture.

SHINAKUCHA. उउ ृ

ऱ

ऐ

ॎघ

পੇ

॥থটभౌ॑଎घभुພोऩःद‫؛‬

You must also not forget to turn

LANDLADY

KONRO NO HI O KESU NO MO

off the gas.

WASURENAI DE.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ Remove the ––masu ending of a verb + tara, dô shitara ii desu ka? = “What should I do, if ___?”

- 43 -



LESSON 39

उगूऽखऽघ O-JAMA SHIMASU

ॡड़থ

उगूऽखऽघ‫؛‬

CUONG

O-JAMA SHIMASU.

उउ ृ

May I come in?

পੇ

नअझ‫؛‬

LANDLADY

୏ ुॡड़থऔ॒धਵघभ॑௫खापखथ

My husband is also looking

ःॊभ‫؛‬

forward to talking to you.

Please come in.

उढध

मऩ

ञभ

DÔZO. OTTO MO KUON-SAN TO HANASU NO O TANOSHIMI NI SHITE IRU NO. ः

ऌ॒ ठॆअ

ॡड़থ

ज॒ऩऒध॑੉ॎोॊध‫ؚ‬ಸ ୑ खऽघ‫؛‬

Hearing that makes me feel

CUONG

SONNA KOTO O IWARERU TO, KINCHÔ

nervous.

SHIMASU. ञञा

ॡड़থ

ँढ‫ ؚ‬႙ ऋँॉऽघब‫؛‬

CUONG

A’, TATAMI GA ARIMASU NE.

Oh, there are tatami mats!

GRAMMAR POINT Passive form of a verb meaning

Basic form

Passive form

––masu form

Passive ––masu form

say

iu

iwareru

iimasu

iwaremasu

write

kaku

kakareru

kakimasu

kakaremasu

throw

nageru

nagerareru

nagemasu

nageraremasu


- 44 -

http://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/ ृघ

ऱ

ऩप

೬ाभ঩म୦॑खथःॊ॒दघऊ‫ء‬

LESSON 40

YASUMI NO HI WA NANI O SHITEIRU N DESU KA?

उउ ृ

उढध

ृघ

ऱ

ऩप

পੇभ ୏

೬ाभ঩म୦॑खथःॊ॒दघऊ‫ء‬

LANDLORD

YASUMI NO HI WA NANI O SHITEIRU N

What do you do on holidays?

DESU KA? इः ऋ

ा

ऺ॒

े

ॡड़থ

಩઺॑ৄञॉ‫ؚ‬ম॑ഭ॒टॉखथःऽघ‫؛‬

I go to see a movie or read a

CUONG

उ੸যम‫ء‬

book.

EIGA O MITARI, HON O YONDARI

How about you two?

ऴञ ॉ

SHITEIMASU. O-FUTARI WA? उउ ृ

घ

णऌ

ःठ न

ृऽ

পੇ

ঁॖय़থॢऋ஀ऌद‫ؚ‬াप‫ڭ‬২म৛पষऎ

Since we like hiking, we go to the

LANDLADY

भ‫؛‬

mountains at least once a

HAIKINGU GA SUKI DE, TSUKI NI

month.

ICHIDO WA YAMA NI IKU NO. ृऽ

ः

ऎअ ऌ

ॡड़থ

৛पষऎध‫ؚ‬૬ਞऋउःखःदखॆअब‫؛‬

If you go to the mountains, I’m

CUONG

YAMA NI IKU TO, KÛKI GA OISHII

sure the air is good.

DESHÔ NE.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ ––tari is used to describe several actions, hinting that there are others as well. ––tari follows a verb without ––masu. Ex. mitari, yondari shimasu “see or read”

An energetic life after retirement Japan is increasingly becoming an aging society. According to a survey carried out by an affiliate of a life insurance company, the hobbies people most want to enjoy after their retirement include travel, sports (exercise), enjoying gourmet cuisine, and reading books. The reasons for having hobbies vary, including “keeping the brain active” and “a fulfilling retirement life”. All of them seem to play a role in maintaining a healthy mind and body. Source : Japan Institute of Life Insurance

- 45 -



LESSON 41

जौजौ SOROSORO

ऻऎ

ॡड़থ

घाऽच॒‫ؚؚ໊‬जौजौ‫؛ؼ‬

Excuse me, but I must be going

CUONG

SUMIMASEN, BOKU, SOROSORO…

soon…

उउ ृ

गऊ ॒

পੇ

ँढ‫ुؚ‬अऒ॒ऩৎ৑‫؛‬

LANDLADY

A’, MÔ KONNA JIKAN.

ॡड़থ

০঩मँॉऋधअओकःऽखञ‫؛‬

Thank you very much for today.

CUONG

௫खऊढञदघ‫؛‬

I had a good time.

Oh, it’s that time already!

ऌॆ अ

ञभ

KYÔ WA ARIGATÔ GOZAIMASHITA. TANOSHIKATTA DESU. उउ ृ

उढध

ऌ

পੇभ ୏

ऒठैऒज‫ؚ‬ਟथऎोथँॉऋधअ‫؛‬

It was our pleasure.

LANDLORD

KOCHIRAKOSO, KITE KURETE

Thank you for coming.

ARIGATÔ. उउ ृ

खओ ध

পੇ

उலহऋ॒यढथब‫؛‬

LANDLADY

O-SHIGOTO GANBATTE NE.

Good luck for your job!

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ The past tense of an adjective ‫ ڀ‬change ––i to ––katta. Ex. tanoshii desu (have a good time) ‫ ڀ‬tanoshikatta desu (had a good time)


- 46 -

http://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/ ुअ

LESSON 42

ॎऐ

ணख๨ओकःऽच॒

MÔSHIWAKE GOZAIMASEN

खॆअ ऱ॒

थ ुध

धन

ॡड़থ

ुअ ૹ ષमउু੪पඍऌऽखञऊ‫ء‬

Has the product arrived at your

CUONG

MÔ SHÔHIN WA O-TEMOTO NI

company yet?

TODOKIMASHITA KA? धॉऱऌऔऌ

धन

਄ਬ੔

जोऋ‫ؚ‬ඍःथःऽच॒‫؛‬

No, it hasn’t arrived yet.

CLIENT

नअऩढथःॊ॒दघऊ‫ء‬

What’s going on?

SORE GA, TODOITE IMASEN. DÔ NATTE IRU N DESU KA? ुअ

ॎऐ

ॡड़থ

ணख๨ओकःऽच॒‫؛‬

CUONG

घएप৹सथ‫ؚ‬ീॉନखओ৴൪॑औखँऑ

I’ll check it right away and call

ऽघ‫؛‬

you back.

खै

उ

ऊइ

I’m very sorry. ो॒ ैऎ

MÔSHIWAKE GOZAIMASEN. SUGU NI SHIRABETE, ORIKAESHI GO-RENRAKU O SASHIAGEMASU.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ ––te form of a verb + imasen = “have/has not ___ yet” ¾ Expression for apology : gomennasai < môshiwake arimasen < môshiwake gozaimasen (the politest expression)

How to make an apology to change a failure into a plus factor

Anyone can make a mistake. However, if you keep making excuses or apologies in a rough manner, you may give a bad impression to others. You should boost your popularity by making smart apologies. Expressions of apology used in business are Sumimasen, Môshiwake gozaimasen and Shitsurei itashimashita. When the person you are apologizing to is actually in front of you, you should bow as you express your words of apology. When you are late for an appointment, because, for example, the trains were delayed by an accident, the first thing you must do is apologize, even through you are not to blame for being late. Whatever the reason is, it’s best to apologize, because you have caused the other person trouble by being unable to keep your promise. Once you have sincerely expressed your apology, all you can do is make an effort to retrieve trust through your subsequent work. - 47 -


To download free audio lessons, visit NHK WORLD ऌ

ऱ

ख

ਞ॑ਬऌഁीॊेअप

LESSON 43

KI O HIKISHIMERU YÔ NI

वठॆअ

मढठॄअ

৅ ି ঑५ऋँढञजअटब‫؛‬

I hear there was a mistake with

BUCHO

HATCHÛ MISU GA ATTA SÔ DA NE.

an order.

৖শ

ुअ

ॎऐ

ॡड़থ

ணख๨ओकःऽच॒‫؛‬

CUONG

MÔSHIWAKE GOZAIMASEN.

ृऽ ट

ॎञख

எ ऋुअ঳২‫ؚ‬નੳघॊसऌदखञ‫؛‬

I should have checked it one

YAMADA

WATASHI GA MÔ ICHIDO, KAKUNIN

more time.

৛ি

ःठ न

I am very sorry.

ऊऎप॒

SURUBEKI DESHITA. वठॆअ

ऌ

ऱ

ख

৖শ

ਞ॑ਬऌഁीॊेअप‫؛‬

BUCHO

ભऔोञலহम‫ؚ‬खढऊॉ౅ाऽघे‫؛‬

I’m counting on you to deal

KI O HIKISHIMERU YÔ NI.

properly with the work

MAKASARETA SHIGOTO WA,

entrusted to you.

ऽऊ

ख ओध

Pull yourself together. ञभ

SHIKKARI TANOMIMASU YO.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ To tell someone to do something, you add yô ni to the basic form of a verb. ¾ ––beki desu means “should”.

Human resources development

Japanese companies attach great importance to human resources development, based on the idea that “a company is a citizen.” Seniors teach juniors how to deal with daily work procedures and a wide variety of training programs are provided. During the training for newcomers, in particular, besides practical training some companies provide mental training, such as long-distance walking and doing Zazen meditation. Some local government offices have all the new employees experience garbage collection during their training program so that they will learn the spirit of service as a public servant. The purpose is to implant and develop a sense of what it means to be a local civil servant.


- 48 -


LESSON 44

चःख॒चःः

ยੱยਔ SEISHIN-SEII

वठॆअ

उज

৖শ

೚ऎऽदृढथःॊब‫؛‬

BUCHO

OSOKU MADE YATTE IRU NE.

ॡड़থ

मः‫؛‬੔্पउॎलभু౛॑છःथःऽघ‫؛‬

Yes, sir.

CUONG

HAI. SENPÔ NI O-WABI NO TEGAMI O

letter to the client.

च़॒अ

You’re working late, aren’t you?

थऋ ा

ऊ

I’m writing an apology

KAITE IMASU. वठॆअ

खू

चःख॒चःः

৖শ

ॎऋ঺भঔॵॺ‫ش‬मยੱยਔ‫؛‬

Our company motto is “in all

BUCHO

ଷ૷खथु‫ؚ‬जभ ੱ ऋऐऋপજदघ‫؛‬

sincerity”.

WAGASHA NO MOTTÔ WA

Even if you make a mistake, that

SEISHIN-SEII.

sort of mental attitude is

SHIPPAI SHITE MO, SONO

important.

खढ रः

ऒऒौ

ञः चण

KOKOROGAKE GA TAISETSU DESU.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ ––te form of a verb + mo = “even if ____” Ex. okurete mo daijôbu desu (even if you are late, it’ll be OK)

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੪ਞऩःब

LESSON 45

GENKI NAI NE

ृऽ ट

ऑ॒ ऌ

৛ি

बआ‫ؚ‬੪ਞऩःब‫؛‬नअखञभ‫ء‬

Hey, you look depressed. What’s

YAMADA

NÊ, GENKI NAI NE. DÔ SHITA NO?

wrong?

औध अ

ःृ

ଯઢ

ठॆढध໻ऩऒधऋँढथब‫؛‬

I’ve had a slightly unpleasant

SATO

CHOTTO IYA NA KOTO GA ATTE NE.

experience…

ृऽ ट

ऌव॒थ॒ऊ॒

ऩप

ञऊमख

औज

ञ

ः

৛ি

ਞীૡఌप୦ऊ୫सपষऊऩः‫ء‬

Shall we go for something to eat

YAMADA

ৈଶऔ॒ुාउअे‫؛‬

to have a change of air?

ऽटலহखथःॊमङे‫؛‬

Let’s invite Miss Takahashi, too.

KIBUN TENKAN NI NANI KA TABE NI

I’m sure she is still working.

खओ ध

IKANAI? TAKAHASHI-SAN MO SASOÔ YO. MADA SHIGOTO SHITE IRU HAZU YO. ऻऎ

ः

ॡड़থ

໊ुষऌऽघ‫آ‬

CUONG

BOKU MO IKIMASU!

I’ll join you!!

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ Basic form of a verb + hazu desu = “sure that ____”

Salaried workers’ spending money

Who holds the household purse strings at your home? At about 70% of Japanese families, wives control the management of family finances. This means that husbands only have a limited amount of money to use freely. According to the result of the “Salaried Workers’ Spending Money” survey which has been carried out every year by a bank for more than 30 years, the average amount of spending money in 2010 was 40,600 yen per month. More than half of the respondents said they use that money for “lunch” and “expenses for hobbies.” You need to good at making ends meet to squeeze out enough money from a limited amount of spending money not only for lunch but also for the cost of food and drinks to deepen your friendship with colleagues and for your hobbies. To the question “What do you save money on most?” in the questionnaire, most men answered “lunch expenses.” It seems they take a lunch box to work or choose a cheap restaurant as often as possible. Source : Shinsei Bank


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ఃढञऒधऋँॊ

LESSON 46

NOBOTTA KOTO GA ARU

ऴ ग औ ॒

ॡड़থ

अॎऀ‫ँ؛‬ोऋ୕૒৛दघऊ‫؛‬

Wow! That’s Mt. Fuji!

CUONG

ऌोःदघब‫؛‬

It’s beautiful, isn’t it?

UWÂ. ARE GA FUJISAN DESU KA. KIREI DESU NE. ृऽ ट

ऋऎचः

धऌ

भऻ

৛ি

৾েभৎपఃढञऒधऋँॊ॒टऐन‫ؚ‬

I climbed it when I was a student

YAMADA

ຘ ঱ ऊैभၦीमुढधघओःभे‫؛‬

and the view from the summit is

GAKUSEI NO TOKI NI NOBOTTA KOTO

more impressive.

ठॆअगॆअ

ऩऋ

GA ARU N DA KEDO, CHÔJÔ KARA NO NAGAME WA MOTTO SUGOI NO YO. ऻऎ

भऻ

ॡड़থ

ःणऊ໊ुఃॉञःऩँ‫؛‬

CUONG

ITSUKA BOKU MO NOBORITAI NÂ.

I want to climb it some day, too!

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ Past tense of the basic form of a verb + koto ga arimasu = “have done ___” or “have had the experience of doing ___” Ex. Kare ni atta koto ga arimasu (I have met him.)

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LESSON 47

ठू

भ

उภमेऎධऽोथःऽघ O-CHA WA YOKU NOMARETE IMASU

ऩ॒

ॡड़থ

ँोम୦दघऊ‫ء‬

CUONG

ARE WA NAN DESU KA?

ृऽ ट

ठूयञऐ

৛ি YAMADA

ภ ഒ े‫؛‬

खङउऊ

ठू

What is that? It’s a tea plantation!

ॅअीः

ಯળमउภऋથ੡ऩभ‫؛‬

Shizuoka is famous for its tea.

CHABATAKE YO. SHIZUOKA WA O-CHA GA YÛMEI NA NO. ठू

भ

ॡड़থ

ঋॺॼ঒दु‫ؚ‬उภमेऎධऽोथःऽघ‫؛‬

Tea is drunk a lot in Vietnam,

CUONG

ဝऊखःऩँ‫؛‬

too.

BETONAMU DE MO, O-CHA WA YOKU

I feel nostalgic.

ऩण

NOMARETE IMASU. NATSUKASHII NÂ. ञऊमख

ৈଶ

঍‫ش‬঒३ॵॡदखॆअ‫ء‬

TAKAHASHI

HÔMUSHIKKU DESHÔ?

ॡड़থ

ୀःऽघ‫آ‬

CUONG

CHIGAIMASU!

I guess you’re feeling homesick?

ठऋ

No, I don’t!

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ ___ ga yûmei = “famous for ___”

Specialties

The Japanese archipelago stretches a long way from north to south, so regional climates vary greatly and the country enjoys four distinctive seasons with abundant natural bounties. Each region has its own agricultural products and specialties. Tea is the specialty of Shizuoka Prefecture, located at the foot of Mt. Fuji. It boasts the largest tea production in Japan. Shizuoka has a coastline and so it’s also blessed with abundant fresh marine produce, such as young sardines and spotted sakura shrimps. Of course, Tokyo has its specialties as well. The nori laver used when making sushi is one of them. The nori harvested in Tokyo Bay is popular because it is rather sweet and has a strong aroma. These days, by using an Internet mail order service, you can order specialties from all over the country and enjoy them at home. However, the ultimate luxury is to actually visit the local area and taste them when they’re in season.


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ा

ਲऋৄइऽघ

LESSON 48

UMI GA MIEMASU

अा

ा

ॡड़থ

ँढ‫ؚ‬ਲऋৄइऽघ‫؛‬

CUONG

A’, UMI GA MIEMASU.

ञऊमख

ऐख ऌ

Ah, you can see the sea! ॉॆअॉ

ॅअीः

ৈଶ

ऒऒम‫ؚ‬ବ౦टऐदमऩऎમ৶ुથ੡ऩ॒

I hear this inn is famous not only

TAKAHASHI

टढथ‫؛‬

for its views, but also for its

KOKO WA, KESHIKI DAKE DE WA

cuisine.

NAKU RYÔRI MO YÛMEI NA N DATTE. ृऽ ट

औख ा

ञ

৛ি

धऒौदॡड़থऔ॒‫ؚ‬उඵମम୫सैो

By the way, Cuong, can you eat

YAMADA

ॊ‫ء‬

sashimi?

TOKORODE KUON-SAN, O-SASHIMI WA TABERARERU? ॡड़থ

ञव॒‫؛ؼ‬

CUONG

TABUN…

Maybe…

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ miemasu kikoemasu

(can see)

mimasu

(look at)

(can hear)

kikimasu

(listen to)

¾ To say someone can do something, change the ––masu ending of a verb to ––raremasu. Ex. tabemasu (eat) ‫ ڀ‬taberaremasu (can eat)

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ण

ँ

ᅄ भહऌ়ः

LESSON 49

HADAKA NO TSUKIAI

औध अ

ऴ

ौ

ँ

ଯઢ

औथ‫ؚ‬ऱध௯໶ຉलथऎॊऊऩ‫؛‬

Well, maybe I think I’ll go and

SATO

SATE, HITO-FURO ABITE KURU KA

take a bath.

NA. ृऽ ट

ःढखॆ

मः

৛ি

ॡड़থऔ॒ु঳คपোढथउःदे‫؛‬

You too, Cuong. Why don’t you

YAMADA

KUON-SAN MO ISSHO NI HAITTE

go and take a bath together?

OIDE YO. ॡड़থ

इ‫؛ؼ‬

CUONG

E…

ञऊमख

ऩपओध

Er… ठॆअच॒

ৈଶ

୦হुර ਅ े‫؛‬

Everything is a challenge!

TAKAHASHI

n ᅄ भહऌ়ः|ढथःअदखॆअ‫ء‬

You say “a relationship with

NANIGOTO MO CHÔSEN YO.

nothing to hide”, don’t you?

मटऊ

ण

ँ

“HADAKA NO TSUKIAI” TTE IU DESHÔ? ॡड़থ

दु‫؛ؼ‬

CUONG

ृढरॉ૮৶दघ‫؛‬

But… ि

ॉ

No, after all, I can’t do it!

DEMO… YAPPARI MURI DESU.

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ ––te form of a verb + kimasu = “come back after ___.” Ex. katte kimasu (come back after buying)


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ऒोद঳য৐ब

LESSON 50

KORE DE ICHININMAE NE

वठॆअ

৖শ BUCHO

ैःखॄअ

उउऔऊ

खॄढठॆअ

ਟ ౝ ‫ؚ‬পଚप ল ୑ खथुैःऽघ‫؛‬

I want you to go on a business

ਲਗऊैਟैोॊउ௢ ஘ भৌૢ॑खथऎट

trip to Osaka next week.

औः‫؛‬

Please deal with some

RAISHÛ, ÔSAKA NI SHUTCHÔ SHITE

customers who are coming from

MORAIMASU.

overseas.

ऊःऋः

ऒ

ऌूऎऔऽ

ञःउअ

KAIGAI KARA KORARERU O-KYAKU-SAMA NO TAIÔ O SHITE KUDASAI. ॡड़থ

मः‫؛‬

Yes.

CUONG

छऱষऊचथःञटऌऽघ‫؛‬

By all means, I would love to go.

ः

HAI. ZEHI IKASETE ITADAKIMASU. ृऽ ट

৛ি

उीदधअ‫؛‬

Congratulations!

YAMADA

ऒोद঳য৐ब‫؛‬

With this, you have become a

OMEDETÔ.

full-fledged working member of

KORE DE ICHININMAE NE.

society, haven’t you?

ःठप॒ऽइ

GRAMMAR POINT ¾ Ikasete itadakimasu consists of the verb ikimasu, meaning “go,” and itadakimasu which means “receive the favor of”, and expresses a feeling of humility.

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The Japanese Syllabary (hiragana) To check the right pronunciation, visit our website at NHK WORLD

www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/

a

i

u

e

o

ka

ki

ku

ke

ko

sa

shi

su

se

so

ta

chi

tsu

te

to

na

ni

nu

ne

no

ha

hi

fu

he

ho

ma

mi

mu

me

mo

ya

ra

yu

ri

yo

ru

re

wa


ro

o

- 56 -

n


The Japanese Syllabary (katakana) To check the right pronunciation, visit our website at NHK WORLD

www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/

a

i

u

e

o

ka

ki

ku

ke

ko

sa

shi

su

se

so

ta

chi

tsu

te

to

na

ni

nu

ne

no

ha

hi

fu

he

ho

ma

mi

mu

me

mo

ya

ra

yu

ri

yo

ru

re

wa

ro

o

- 57 -

n



Verb conjugation

––masu form

––masen form

Basic form

––te form

(negative) go

eat

read

buy

talk

do

come

sleep

ः

––ta form (past tense)

ः

ः

ः

ः

ষऌऽघ

ষऌऽच॒

ষऎ

ষढथ

ষढञ

ikimasu

ikimasen

iku

itte

itta

ञ

ञ

ञ

ञ

ञ

୫सऽघ

୫सऽच॒

୫सॊ

୫सथ

୫सञ

tabemasu

tabemasen

taberu

tabete

tabeta

े

े

े

े

े

ഭाऽघ

ഭाऽच॒

ഭि

ഭ॒द

ഭ॒ट

yomimasu

yomimasen

yomu

yonde

yonda

ऊ

ऊ

ऊ

ऊ

ऊ

େःऽघ

େःऽच॒

େअ

େढथ

େढञ

kaimasu

kaimasen

kau

katte

katta

मऩ

मऩ

मऩ

मऩ

मऩ

ਵखऽघ

ਵखऽच॒

ਵघ

ਵखथ

ਵखञ

hanashimasu

hanashimasen

hanasu

hanashite

hanashita

खऽघ

खऽच॒

घॊ

खथ

खञ

shimasu

shimasen

suru

shite

shita

ऌ

ऌ

ऎ

ऌ

ऌ

ਟऽघ

ਟऽच॒

ਟॊ

ਟथ

ਟञ

kimasu

kimasen

kuru

kite

kita

ब

ब

ब

ब

ब

๻ऽघ

๻ऽच॒

๻ॊ

๻थ

๻ञ

nemasu

nemasen

neru

nete

neta


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Japanese English Lessons

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