LABOR - Case Digests Midterms.docx

UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS SCHOOL OF LAW AND GOVERNANCE

LABOR STANDARDS  ______________________________________  _________________________________________________________ _________________________  ______  CASE DIGEST (S.Y. 2016-2017)

SUBMITTED BY: COMRA! ERLENE M. - LLB 2 (EH "01) SUBMITTED TO: ATTY. #EFFERSON M. MAR$UE%

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Basic Principles 1. S&' *+. ABS-CBN! G.R. N&. 1,01! #/' 10! 200" 2. L& *+. S&34 S/35 C&3++3&'! ", SCRA "72 8200"9

V! "< SCRA 260 82009 ,. 34. G4&;4 C&/'353&' *+. D V! ". ABS-CBN *+. N'&! G.R. N&. 16"16! S=5. 26! 2006 . F'3+& *+. NLRC! 00 SCRA 6<0 8069

4.! G.R. N&. 1"262! D; 14+ 5 4.! *+. C=35&4 M?34 C'5 5 4.! 7. C&-C&4 B&554+ 34+.! *+. D. C43&! G.R. N&. 1"61! F;/ 1! 2007 . C4; M?34 C'5 *+. NLRC 5 4.! G.R. N&. 176""! N&*. 2! 200 <. E++3'+ 5 4.! *+. S'>3-4+ M5' I+4'? R+&5 5 4.! G.R. N&. 1727! M "! 200<

T&'>@& >@& *+. M'/5/ L3 I'+/' C&. (34+)! I'.! 5 4.! G.R. N&. 167622! #'/ 2! 2011 10. T&' 11. S;4'5 5 4.! *+. C&/5 & A==4+! 5 4.! G.R. N&. 1<6"26! A/>/+5 1! 2011 12. B'5 *+. 34. B+@5;44 A++&353&' 5 4.! G.R. N&. 1<20"! S=5; 1"! 2011

A=34 1! 2012 1,. #& *+. BCC &?/5+ S4+ I'. G.R. N&. 16,700! A=34 1". L>'? H&54 (M'34) *+. R4/& G.R. N&. 1,11! #/4 1! 2012 1. T N 343==3' S@4'?+! I'.! *+. D@34! G.. N&. 1<<"7! S=5. 2"! 2012

T+&& +&& 5 4.! *+. M5& M'34 R5?+ I'.! 5 4.! GR N&. 171"2! M 12! 201" 16. T 17. R&4 H&+ M@53'> C&=.! *+. A4'5! GR N&. 1<1<0! #/4 2! 201"

T4*3+3&' N5&@ I'. *+. E+=335/! GR N&. 20"<""-"! D; ,! 201" 1. F/3 T4*3+3&' G R N&.176<0! M 2! 201 1<. C;&;+ 5 4.! *+. =+3 C&4 GR A=34 20! 201 20.  B>3'& 5 4.! *+. ABS-CBN C&=.! GR N&. 1<<166! A=34 A/> 2! 201 21. S&34 S/35 S+5 *+. U;'! GR N&. 20011"! A/>

HIRING OF EMPLOYEE 2. TT *+. NLRC! 272 SCRA <6 81<<79 2<. D/'' A++&. O D534'-TGWO *+. G4& W W44& 44& 34+.! G.R. N&. 162<<"! S=5. 17! 200" ,0. S5 = C&=.! *+. S3;&4! G.R. N&. 16"77"! A=34 A=34 12! 2006 ,1. D4 M&'5 34+ *+. V4+&! V4+&! G.R. N&. 1,"77! M 6! 2007 ,2. Y+/>/3 *+. 34 A3 L3'+! G.R. N&. 1601! O5&; 17! 200

4. IOLATION OF !AGE ORDER  S.I... F&&? H&/+ 5 4.! *+. B5&43'! GR N&. 1<2"7,! O5 11! 2010 "". S.I. ,". SLL I'5'53&'4 C;4+ S=343+5 *+. NLRC! GR N&. 172161! M 2! 2011 ,. V V>! >! #. *+. C&-C&4 B&554+ 34+ I'. G.R. N&. 176<! A=34 1! 201, ,6. R&4 4'5 W&@+ W&@+ U'3&' *+. C&-C&4 B&554+ 34+ I'. -C;/ 4'5! G.R. N&. 1<7,! A=34 1!

201,

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Basic Principles 1. S&' *+. ABS-CBN! G.R. N&. 1,01! #/' 10! 200" 2. L& *+. S&34 S/35 C&3++3&'! ", SCRA "72 8200"9

V! "< SCRA 260 82009 ,. 34. G4&;4 C&/'353&' *+. D V! ". ABS-CBN *+. N'&! G.R. N&. 16"16! S=5. 26! 2006 . F'3+& *+. NLRC! 00 SCRA 6<0 8069

4.! G.R. N&. 1"262! D; 14+ 5 4.! *+. C=35&4 M?34 C'5 5 4.! 7. C&-C&4 B&554+ 34+.! *+. D. C43&! G.R. N&. 1"61! F;/ 1! 2007 . C4; M?34 C'5 *+. NLRC 5 4.! G.R. N&. 176""! N&*. 2! 200 <. E++3'+ 5 4.! *+. S'>3-4+ M5' I+4'? R+&5 5 4.! G.R. N&. 1727! M "! 200<

T&'>@& >@& *+. M'/5/ L3 I'+/' C&. (34+)! I'.! 5 4.! G.R. N&. 167622! #'/ 2! 2011 10. T&' 11. S;4'5 5 4.! *+. C&/5 & A==4+! 5 4.! G.R. N&. 1<6"26! A/>/+5 1! 2011 12. B'5 *+. 34. B+@5;44 A++&353&' 5 4.! G.R. N&. 1<20"! S=5; 1"! 2011

A=34 1! 2012 1,. #& *+. BCC &?/5+ S4+ I'. G.R. N&. 16,700! A=34 1". L>'? H&54 (M'34) *+. R4/& G.R. N&. 1,11! #/4 1! 2012 1. T N 343==3' S@4'?+! I'.! *+. D@34! G.. N&. 1<<"7! S=5. 2"! 2012

T+&& +&& 5 4.! *+. M5& M'34 R5?+ I'.! 5 4.! GR N&. 171"2! M 12! 201" 16. T 17. R&4 H&+ M@53'> C&=.! *+. A4'5! GR N&. 1<1<0! #/4 2! 201"

T4*3+3&' N5&@ I'. *+. E+=335/! GR N&. 20"<""-"! D; ,! 201" 1. F/3 T4*3+3&' G R N&.176<0! M 2! 201 1<. C;&;+ 5 4.! *+. =+3 C&4 GR A=34 20! 201 20.  B>3'& 5 4.! *+. ABS-CBN C&=.! GR N&. 1<<166! A=34 A/> 2! 201 21. S&34 S/35 S+5 *+. U;'! GR N&. 20011"! A/>

HIRING OF EMPLOYEE 2. TT *+. NLRC! 272 SCRA <6 81<<79 2<. D/'' A++&. O D534'-TGWO *+. G4& W W44& 44& 34+.! G.R. N&. 162<<"! S=5. 17! 200" ,0. S5 = C&=.! *+. S3;&4! G.R. N&. 16"77"! A=34 A=34 12! 2006 ,1. D4 M&'5 34+ *+. V4+&! V4+&! G.R. N&. 1,"77! M 6! 2007 ,2. Y+/>/3 *+. 34 A3 L3'+! G.R. N&. 1601! O5&; 17! 200

4. IOLATION OF !AGE ORDER  S.I... F&&? H&/+ 5 4.! *+. B5&43'! GR N&. 1<2"7,! O5 11! 2010 "". S.I. ,". SLL I'5'53&'4 C;4+ S=343+5 *+. NLRC! GR N&. 172161! M 2! 2011 ,. V V>! >! #. *+. C&-C&4 B&554+ 34+ I'. G.R. N&. 176<! A=34 1! 201, ,6. R&4 4'5 W&@+ W&@+ U'3&' *+. C&-C&4 B&554+ 34+ I'. -C;/ 4'5! G.R. N&. 1<7,! A=34 1!

201,

Page3of153 ,7. T N53&'4 W>+ W>+  &?/53*35 C&3++3&' 5 4.! *+. T A443' & &>++3* L;& 5 4.! GR

 N&. 10,26! M 12! 201" 201" ,. D*3?Y34+ H&> D4 *+. M+3&! GR N&. 1<"66! #/4 2! 201" ,<. O/ H/+ R45 D*4&='5 C&=.! *+. 3' 5 4.! GR N&. 20"61! A/>/+5 6! 201" "0. M34' 5 4.! *+. NLRC GR N&. 202<61! F;/ "! 201

!AGE ENFORCEMENT AND RECOERY "1. T3> C&'+5/53&' '? D*4&='5 C&= *+. A; 5 4.! GR N&. 16"1"1! F;. 26! 2010 "2. &=4+ B&?+53'> B&?+53'> (B&;& R?& 34+) *+. S. & DOLE 5 4.! GR N&. 17<62! M 6! 2012

R+&4/53&' &' 5 3' D3+3&' & M ! 200< ",. S/=3& @>3'> C&=.! *+. B4>+ 5 4.! G.R. N&. 17<0
!AGE PROTECTION PROISION # PROHIBITIONS REGARDING !AGES "". SHS &5? M534+! I'. 5 4.! *+. D3! GR N&. 11"! O5. 1,! 2010 ".  N3' #4 M'/5/3'> & M54 A5+ I'. *+. M&'5344&! G.R. N&. 116
M 12! 201" "<. B4/ T' B4/ #&3'5 V'5/+ C&.! *+. E+5;'! GR N&. 1<22! A=34 7! 201"! 353'>2011 N3'

#4 M'/5/3'> & M54 A5+ I'. *+. M&'5344& 0.  N543'@ C&=/5 I'. *+. D4&! GR N&. N&. 16027! #/' 1! 201" 1. LDT *+.E+5'&!GR N&.1<21! O5 1! 201" 2. M34' 5 4.! *+. NLRC GR N&. 202<61! F;/ "! 201

PAYMENT PA YMENT OF !AGES ,. C&'>+&' *+. NLRC! 2", SCRA 260 81<<9 ".  N&5 D*& M3'3'> *+. NLRC! 2" SCRA 721 721 81<<69 . H3+ & S L *+. R! G.R. G.R. N&. 1"<01,! A/>. ,1! 2006

CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT 6. S' #/' D D3&+ H&+=354 *+. NLRC! 22 SCRA ,16 81<<79 7. S3?; *+. NLRC! 2< SCRA 6 81<<9 . 34. A343'+ *+. NLRC! ,02 SCRA 2 81<<<9 <. L3'5&' C&34 C&.! I'.! *+. H44 5 4.! G.R. N&. 16,1"7! O5&; 10! 2007 60. B3+3> M'>>> + T& *+. NLRC! G.R. N&. 11,0
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MINIM$M LABOR STANDARD BENEFITS 61. S' M3>/4 C&=.! *+. CA! G.R. N&. 1"677! #'. ,0! 2002 62. T' *+. L>! G.R. N&. 1122! A/>/+5 1! 2002 6,. L;& *+. NLRC! ,17 SCRA "20 6". A+3' T'+3++3&' *+. CA! "2 SCRA "7 8200"9 6. A/5&;/+ T'+=&5 T'+=&5 S+5 *+. B/53+5! G.R. N&. 16,6"! M 16! 200 66. S' M3>/4 C&=.! *+. D4 R&+3&! G.R. N&. 161<"! D. 1,! 200 67. ''? *+. B>'> 4&&? C&=.! G.R. N&. 1<77! M M  ,! 2006 6. L5 IV E453 C&&=53* I' *+. LEYECO IV E=4&+ U'3&'-ALU! G.R. N&. 1777"! O5&;

1 W443'>5&' I'*+5'5 *+. T'&! 2" SCRA 61 81<<9! '? O?'>& *+. NLRC! G.R.  N&. 1"7"20! #/' 10! 200" 200" 6<. B3 S3==3'> S*3+ *+. C/! G.R. N&. 1621<! A=34 ! 200! 353'> C>=' *+. NLRC! 1<

SCRA ,, 81<<9 W&@+ @+ O>'353&'! GR N&. 1712,1! F;. 70. NCC S@ T3 M'>'5 '? S/35 D3*3+3&' W& 17! 2010 71. R?3& M3'?'& N5&@ I'. 5 4.! *+. Y;&4! #. G.R. N&. 1<662! S=5. 12! 2012 72. R&;3' F+ C;/ *+. V3 V344! 44! GR N&. 176
%&. OTHER SPECIAL BENEFITS BENEFITS 7,. R+ *+. NLRC 5 4.! G.R. N&. 1602,,! A/>/+5 ! 2007! 353'> B&3 T@? T@? C34+ *+. D4 S'! 22 SCRA ,2< 81<<,9  34. D/=435&+ *+. NLRC! 2"1 SCRA ,0 81<<9 7". A& M54 &?/5+ C&.! I'.! 5 4.! *+. S' '> M> M'>>> + A& M54-NAFLU! G.R.  N&. 1707,"! M 1"! 200 7. U'3*+4 R&;3' S/> M3443'> C&=. *+. C;44?! G.R. N&. 166""! #/4 2! 200 76. C?& *+. U'3=&! I'. G.R. N&. 11"! O5&; 1,! 2010 77. R?3& M3'?'& N5&@ I'! 5 4.! *+. Y;&4! #. 5 4.! G.R. N&. 1<662! S=5; 12! 2012 7. ?344& *+. R/4 ;'@ & N;/'5/' I'. G.. N&. 1<<,,! #'. 21! 201, 7<. G C3+53' H3> S&&4 *+. L*'?! GR N&. 177"! A/>/+5 20! 201" 0. B'& D O& U'3;'@ *+.S>+!GR N&. 21"<61! S=5 16! 201

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Basic Principles '(se Y S(n)a *s. ABS+CBN Br(a,cas-in C(rp(ra-i(n GR N( %"/&0%1 '2ne %&1 3&&4 Fac-s I' M 1<<"! +=&'?'5 ABS-CBN B&?+53'> C&=&53&' (ABS-CBN) +3>'? ' A>'5 (A>'5) 35 5 M4 '? # M'>'5 '? D*4&='5 C&=&53&' (M#MDC). ABSCBN + =+'5? ; 35+ &=&5 &3+ 34 M#MDC + =+'5? ; SON%A! + +3?'5 '? G'4 M'>! '? C4 T3'>& (TIANGCO)! + EV '? T+/. R? 5& 3' 5 A>'5 + AGENT! M#MDC >? 5& =&*3? SON%A+ +*3+ 4/+3*4 5& ABS-CBN + 54'5 & ?3& '? 54*3+3&'. T A>'5 43+5? 5 +*3+ SON%A &/4? '? 5& ABS-CBN! + &44&+: . C&-&+5 & M4  # ?3& =&>! :00 5& 10:00 ..! . .! M&'?+ 5& F3?+  ;. C&-&+5 & M4  # 54*3+3&' =&>! :,0 5& 7:00 =..! =..! S/'?+. , ABS-CBN >? 5& = & SON%A+ +*3+  &'54 54'5  & ,10!000 & 5 3+5   '? ,17!000 & 5 +&'? '? 53?  & 5 A>'5. ABS-CBN ABS-CBN &/4? = 5 54'5 54 '5 + &' 5 105 '? 25 ?+ & 5 &'5. O' ,0 A=34 1<<6! SON%A 34?  &=43'5 >3'+5 ABS-CBN ;& 5 D=5'5 & L;& '? E=4&'5! N53&'4 C=354 R>3&' 3' $/&' C35. SON%A &=43'? 55 ABS-CBN ?3? '&5 = 3+ +43+! +=53&' =! +*3 3''53* 4* =! 1,5 &'5 = = ! +3>'3'> ;&'/+! 5*4 44&' '? &/'5+ ?/ /'? 5 E=4&+ S5&@ O=53&' 4' (ESO). O' 10 #/4 1<<6! ABS-CBN 34?  M&53&' 5& D3+3++ &' 5 >&/'? 55 '& =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+5? ;5' 5 =53+. SON%A 34? ' O==&+353&' 5& 5 &53&' &' 1< #/4 1<<6.

Page6of153 M'34! ABS-CBN &'53'/? 5& 35 SON%A+ &'54 54'5 + 5&/> 3+ &/'5 5 CIB'@! $/&' A*'/ A*'/ B'! $/&' C35. I' #/4 1<<6! ABS-CBN &='?  ' &/'5 35 5 + ;'@  ABS-CBN ?=&+35? SON%A+ 54'5 + '? &5 ='5+ ?/ 3 /'? 5 A>'5.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 3+5+ ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=

Hel, A==43'> 5 c(n-r(l -es- 5& 5 =+'5 +!  3'? 55 SON%A 3+ '&5 ' =4& ;/5 ' 3'?='?'5 &'55&. T &'5&4 5+5 3+ 5 5(s- i5p(r-an-  5+5 &/ &/5+ ==4 3' ?3+53'>/3+3'> ' =4& & ' 3'?='?'5 &'55&. 2< T3+ 5+5 3+ ;+? &' 5 5'5 & &'5&4 5 3 3++ &*  &@. T >5 5 +/=*3+3&' '? &'5&4 5 3 3++! 5 & 43@4 5 &@ 3+ ?? ' =4&. T &'*+ &4?+ 5/ + 44 J 5 4++ &'5&4 5 3 3++! 5 & 43@4 5 &@ 3+ &'+3?? ' 3'?='?'5 &'55&.,0 W 3'? 55 ABS-CBN + '&5 3'*&4*? 3' 5 5/4 =&' 55 =&?/? 5 3'3+?  =&?/5 & SON%A+ SON%A+ &@.,, ABS-CBN ?3? '&5 3'+5/5 SON%A & 5& =& 3+ &;. ABS-CBN 4 +*? 5 3>5 5& &?3 5 =&> &5 '? 353 +?/4 & & 53*  =&>3'>.," ABS-CBN+ +&4 +&4 &'' + 5 K/435 K/435  & 5 +&+ '? 53 +5'?3'> 3' 5 53'>+. C44! ABS-CBN ?3? '&5 3+ &'5&4 &* 5 '+ '? 5&?+ & =&' & SON%A+ &@  SON%A 43+ 55 ABS-CBN+ =& '&5 5& ;&?+5 3+ +&+ =&*+ ABS-CBN+ =& &*  5 '+ '? 5&?+ & 5 =&' & 3+ &@. A45&/> ABS-CBN ?3? * 5 &=53&' '&5 5&  ;&?+5 SON%A+ SON%A+ +&! ABS-CBN + +5344 &;43>5? 5& = SON%A+ SON%A+ 54'5 +... T/+! *' 3  ABS-CBN + &=454 ?3++53+3? 35 5 '+ '? 5&?+ & SON%A+ =&' & 3+ &@! & *' 35 5 K/435 & =&?/5 & 3+ &@! ABS-CBN &/4? '&5 ?3+3++ & *' ?3+3=43' SON%A. A44 55 ABS-CBN &/4? ?& 3+ '&5 5& ;&?+5 SON%A+ +& ;/5 ABS-CBN /+5 +5344 = 3+ 54'5 + 3' /44. , C44! ABS-CBN+ 3>5 '&5 5& ;&?+5 SON%A+ +&! ;/?'? + 35 + ; 5 &;43>53&' 5& &'53'/ =3'> 3' /44 SON%A+ 54'5 +! ?3? '&5 &/'5 5& &'5&4 &* 5 '+ '? 5&?+ &  5 =&' & SON%A+ &@. ABS-CBN &/4? '&5 53'5 & ?3+3=43' SON%A *' 3 5 '+ '? 5&?+ & =&' & 3+ &@ - &  ?43*? 3+ 43'+ '? ==? &' 54*3+3&' ?3? '&5 5 ABS-CBN+ ABS-CBN+ ==&*4. T3+ =&*+ 55 ABS-CBN+ &'5&4 + 4335? &'4 5& 5 +/45 &  SON%A+ &@! 5 5& ;&?+5 5 3'4 =&?/5 & '&5. I' 35 +! ABS-CBN /+5 +5344 = SON%A+ 54'5 + 3' /44 /'534 5 =3 & 5 A>'5. SON%A /5 &'5'?+ 55 ABS-CBN ABS-CBN 3+? &'5&4 &* 3+ &@ ; ;  +/==43'> 44 K/3='5 '? . N& ?&/;5! ABS-CBN +/==43? 5 K/3='5!  '? 353 '?? 5& ;&?+5 5 M4  # =&>+. H&*! 5 K/3='5!  '? 353  '&5 5 5&&4+ '? 3'+5/'54353+ SON%A '?? 5& =& 3+ &;. W5 SON%A =3'3=44 '??  3+ 54'5 & +@344+ '? 5 &+5/+ '++ & 3+ =='. ,E*' 5&/> ABS-CBN =&*3?? SON%A 35 5 =4 &  &@ '? 5 '++ K/3='5! SON%A + +5344 ' 3'?='?'5 &'55& +3' ABS-CBN ?3? '&5 +/=*3+ '? &'5&4 3+ &@. ABS-CBN+ ABS-CBN+ +&4 &'' + & SON%A 5& ?3+=4 3+ 54'5 ?/3'> 5 ,< 33'> & 5 =&>+. A ?3 ?3&& ;& ;&? ?+ +55 += +=3 343 43+5 +5 & & &@ &@++ /'? /'? 3'3 3'34 4 +/= +/=* *3+ 3+3& 3&'' 3+ ' 3'? 3'?= ='? '?' '55 "0 &'55&.  SON%A+  SON%A+ &@ + 54*3+3&' 54 *3+3&' '? ?3& =&> &+5 K/3? +=34 +@344+ '? 54'5! 3 SON%A ?355?4 =&+++++. T &?+ ?& '&5 +& 55 ABS-CBN 3+? ' +/=*3+3&' '? &'5&4 &* & SON%A /5343? 3+ +@344+ '? 54'5 3' 3+ +&+.

Page7of153 T A>'5 +53=/45+ 55 SON%A +44 ;3? 35 5 /4+ '? +5'??+ & =&' c(*erin -alen-s"1 & ABS-CBN. T A>'5 ?&+ '&5 K/3 SON%A 5& &=4 35 5 /4+ '? +5'??+ & =&' =+3;? & =4&+ & ABS-CBN. T &? & &'?/5 3=&+? &' SON%A /'? 5 A>'5 + 5& 5 T4*3+3&' '? R?3& C&? & 5 =3+'' '> > B&?+5 + 343=3'+ (B)! 3 + ;' ?&=5? ; 5 COMANY (ABS-CBN) + 35+ C&? &  E53+."2  T B &? ==43+ 5& ;&?+5+! '&5 5& =4&+ & ?3& '? 54*3+3&' +553&'+. B&?+5+  '&5 '++34 =4&+ & ?3& '? 54*3+3&' +553&'+. C44! 5 /4+ '? +5'??+ & =&' ? 5& 3' 5 A>'5  5&+ ==43;4 5& 54'5+ '? '&5 5& =4&+ & ABS-CBN. I' ' *'5! '&5 44 /4+ 3=&+? ; 5 33'> =5 &' 5 3? =5 3'?35 55 5 455 3+ ' =4& & 5 &.", I' 53+ +! SON%A 34? 5& +& 55 5+ /4+ &'5&44? 3+ =&'. W 3'? 55 5+ >'4 /4+  4 2i,elines 5&?+ 5 3*'5 & 5 /5/44 ?+3? +/45! 3  5&=-53'> 54*3+3&' '? ?3& =&>+ 55 &=4 35 +5'??+ & 5 3'?/+5. W * /4? 55: F/5! '&5 * & & &'5&4 55  =5 +*+ 5& 3+4 &* 5 &'?/5 & 5 &5 =5 3' 453&' 5& 5 +*3+ ;3'> '??  ; &?? 5 5 & +5;43+3'> ' =4&=4& 453&'+3=  Lastly! SON%A 3'+3+5+ 55 5 4/+3*35 4/+ 3' 5 A>'5 3+ 5 &+5 5 & & 

&'5&4 3 ABS-CBN 3+? &* 3. T3+ >/'5 3+ /534. B3'> ' 4/+3* 54'5 ?&+ '&5 ; 35+4 ' 55 SON%A 3+ ' =4& & ABS-CBN. E*' ' 3'?='?'5 &'55& ' *43?4 =&*3? 3+ +*3+ 4/+3*4 5& 5 33'> =5. I' 5 ;&?+5 3'?/+5! 4/+3*35 3+ '&5 '++34 5 + + &'5&4. T 33'> & 4/+3* 54'5+ 3+  3?+=? '? =5? =53 3' 5 '553''5 3'?/+5."6 T3+ =53 3+ '&5 ?+3>'? 5& &'5&4 5 '+ '? 5&?+ & &@ & 5 54'5! ;/5 +3=4 5& =&55 5 3'*+5'5 & 5 ;&?+5 +553&'. T ;&?+5 +553&' '&44 +='?+ +/;+5'534 &/'5+ & &'! 53 '? &5 3' ;/34?3'> /= 35+ 54'5+ + 44 + 5 =&>+ 5 == 3' '? 5/+ =5+ 55 +3? 54'5+ 3' 4/+3* 35 5 +553&' &  &'+/5 =3&? & 53."7 N&44!  / 3>  3+ =3? 5& 54'5+ & > 5& &@ 4/+3*4 &  =53/4  ?3& & 54*3+3&' +553&'. I' +&5! 5 /> 54'5 + =5344 &='+5+ & 4/+3*35! + 3' 5  =+'5 +.  MJMDC as Agent of SONZA

I'  4;&-&'4 &'55! 5  5 =53+ 3'*&4*?: (1) 5 4;&-&'4 &'55& (2) 5 =4& & 3+ &+5'+3;4 /'? 5 =4& & 5 4;&-&'4 &'55& '? (,) 5 =3'3=4 & 3+ ?? 5 4 =4&. U'? 53+ +! -6e 7la8(r+(nl97 c(n-rac-(r is -6e aen- (: -6e principal. T 4 @+ 5 =3'3=4 +=&'+3;4 5& 5 =4&+ & 5 4;&-&'4 &'55& + 3  5 =3'3=4 35+4 ?354 3? & =4&? 5 =4&+. " T+ 3/+5'+  '&5 =+'5 3' 53+ +. A+ SON%A ?35+! M#MDC 3+  '>'5 &=' ?*&5? e;cl2si*el9 5& '>3'> 5 + & SON%A '? 3+ ;&?+5 =5'! TIANGCO. M#MDC 3+ '&5 '>>? 3' ' &5 ;/+3'++! '&5 *' &; &'553'>. M#MDC ?&+ '&5 * ' &5 /'53&' =5 & 53'> + >'5 &  SON%A & TIANGCO 5& =&&5 53 + 3' 5 ;&?+5 '? 54*3+3&' 3'?/+5."<  Policy Instruction No. 40

&43 I'+5/53&' N&. "0 3+   /53* 3++/' 3 ?&+ '&5 * 5 & '? 5 &  4. T 3+ '& 4>4 =+/=53&' 55 &43 I'+5/53&' N&. "0 ?53'+ SON%A+ +55/+. A  /53* 3++/' ''&5 4/? 3'?='?'5 &'55&+ & 5 4++ & +*3 =&*3?+ 5& 5  ;&?+5 3'?/+5. T 4++3353&' & &@+ 3' 5 ;&?+5 3'?/+5 3'5& &'4 5& >&/=+ /'? 

Page8of153 &43 I'+5/53&' N&. "0 3+ '&5 ;3'?3'> &' 53+ C&/5! +=344 ' 5 4++3353&' + '& ;+3+ 35 3' 4 & 3' 5.

Page9of153

La)ar( *s. S(cial Sec2ri-9 C(55issi(n 4"< SCRA 4031 =3&&4> Fac-s   3*5 +=&'?'5 R&+43' M. L/?5& (L/?5&) 34?  =5353&' ;& 5 SSC & +&34 +/35 &*> '? 355' & /'=3? &'54 +&34 +/35 &'53;/53&'+ >3'+5  5 (,) =4&+. A&'> 5 +=&'?'5+ + 3' =5353&' A'>435& L. L& (L&)! =&=35& &  R&4 S5 M@53'> (R&4 S5)! 3 3+ '>>? 3' 5 ;/+3'++ & +443'> & ==43'+. 8,9  L/?5& 44>? 55 ?+=35  =4&'5 + +4+ +/=*3+& & 5 +4+ >'5+ & R&4 S5  & A=34 & 1<7< 5& M & 1<6! L& ? 34? ?/3'> 5 +3? =3&?! 5& =&5  5& 5 SSC & &=/4+& &*> & 35 L/?5&+ +&34 +/35 &'53;/53&'+. 8"9 L& ?'3? 55 L/?5& +  +4+ +/=*3+& & R&4 S5! *3'> 3'+5? 55 + +   +4+ >'5 &  =3? =/4 &' &3++3&' ;+3+. L& 4+& 3'53'? 55 L/?5& + '&5 +/;5? 5& ?3'35 &/+ '? &'?353&'+ & &@. A+ +/! L/?5& &/4? '&5 ; ?? ' =4& & R&4 S5.89

 Iss2e W5 & '&5 L/?5& 3+ ' =4& 5/+ '5354? 5& &*> /'? 5 S&34 S/35 L

Hel, I5 3+ ' =5? ?&53' 55 & 5 =/=&++ & &*> /'? 5 S&34 S/35 A5! 5 ?53'53&' & =4&-=4& 453&'+3= '5+ 5 ==4353&' & 5 &'5&4 5+5! 55 3+! 5 5 =4& &'5&4+ & + +*? 5 3>5 5& &'5&4 5 =4&! '&5 &'4 + 5& 5 +/45 & 5 &@ ?&'! ;/5 4+& + 5& 5 '+ '? 5&?+ ; 3 5 + 3+ &=43+?. 81"9 T SSC! + +/+53'? ; 5 C&/5 & A==4+! ==43'> 5 &'5&4 5+5 &/'? 55 L/?5& + ' =4& &  R&4 S5. W 3'? '& *+3;4 &. L&+ >/'5+  ; ?3+='+? 35 ; ==43'> =?'5+. S/3 35 5& +! 5 5 55 L/?5& + =3? ;  & &3++3&' ?&+ '&5 =4/? 5 +5;43+'5 & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. I' Grepalife v. Judico!8179 5 C&/5 /=4? 5 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' 5 3'+/' &=' '? 35+ >'5+! ?+=35 5 5 55 5 &='+53&' 55 5 >'5+ &' &3++3&' 3*? + '&5 =3? ; 5 &=' ;/5 ; 5 3'*+5& & 5 =+&' 3'+/?.819 T 4*'5 5& 3'+! + +55? 43! 5 5 =4& &'5&4+ & + +*? 5 3>5 5& &'5&4 5 =4& '&5 &'4 + 5& 5 +/45 & 5 &@ 5& ; ?&' ;/5 4+& + 5& 5 '+ '? 5&?+ ; 3 5 + 3+ 5& ; &=43+?. 81<9  N35 ?&+ 35 &44& 55  =+&' & ?&+ '&5 &;+* '&4 &/+ & &@ ''&5 ; ?? ' =4&. I' Cosmopolitan Funeral Homes, Inc. v. Maalat !8209 5 =4& +3344 ?'3? 5 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=! + 5 43'5 &?3'> 5& 35! +  +/=*3+& &' &3++3&' ;+3+ & ?3? '&5 &;+* '&4 &/+ & &@. T3+ C&/5 ?4? 55 5 + ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=! '&53'> 55 859 +/=*3+&! 45&/> &='+5? &' &3++3&'  ;+3+! 83+9 =5 & 5 &;+*' & '&4 &/+ & &@ & 3+ &='+53&' 3+ +/? ; 5 '/; & +4+  @+. 8219 I5 +&/4? 4+& ; =+3? 55 5 SSC! 4+& + /=4? ; 5 C&/5 & A==4+! &/'? 55 L/?5& +  +4+ +/=*3+& '? '&5   >'5. 8229 A+ +/! L/?5& &*+ '? +/=*3+? 5 +4+ >'5+ & 5 &='! '? 5/+ + +/;5 5& 5 &'5&4 & '>'5 + 5& & + 3=4'5+ 35+ =&433+ '? 35+ '? +/45+. W  ?3+3'43'? 5& *+ 53+ 3'?3'>! 3' 5 ;+' & 

Page10of153 &/'5*343'> *3?' & L& '? 4+& 3' 43>5 & 5 5 55 L/?5&+ 443'> ?+ & R&4 S5 3'?35 55 + 3+ 3'??  +4+ +/=*3+&.

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P6ilippine Gl(8al C(552nica-i(ns Inc *s. Ricar,( ,e era GR N( %<03%4 '2ne 01 3&&< Fac-s 5353&' 343==3' G4&;4 C&/'353&'+! I'. (34C&)! 3+  &=&53&' '>>? 3' 5  ;/+3'++ & &/'353&' +*3+ '? 443? 53*353+! 34 +=&'?'5 R3?& D V 3+   =+33' ; =&++3&' & =5353&' '43+5? 5& 55'? 5& 5 ?34 '?+ & 35+ =4&+. A5 5 / & 5 &'5&*+ 3+ D. D V+ +55/+ vis a vis  =5353&' ' 5 455 53'5? 3+ '>>'5. I5 ==+ 55 &' 1 M 1<1! D V! via  455 ?5? 1 M 1<1! , &? 3+ +*3+ 5& 5  =5353&'! 53' =&=&+3'> 3+ =4' & &@+ K/3? &  =5353&' 3' 3'?/+534 ?33'! 5& 3'4/? 5 &44&3'>: 1. A==4353&' & =*'53* ?33' 3'4/?3'> =3&?3 @-/= & =4&+ 2. H&4?3'> & 43'3 &/+ 3' 5 &'3'> '? 5'&&' &  5&54 & 3* () &/+ ?34 &  &'+/4553&' +*3+ 5& =4&+ ,. M'>'5 '? 55'5 & =4&+ 55  '++355 &+=354353&' 3'4/?3'> >' ++ '? 3?'5+ ". C&'?/5 =-=4&'5 =+34 @-/= & =&+=53* =4&+ 35 '& ??353&'4 ?34  . C&'?/5 & *3+35+ '* '++ 6. A55'? 5& 53' ?34 ?3'3+553* /'53&' +/ + &=43+3'> ?34 &+! *4/53'> &'?353&'+ & =4&+ ==43'> & +3@ 4* & ;+' '? +/;+K/'54 3++/3'> =&=  53353&'! '? 44 55+ ? 3  ?34 3' '5/. T =53+ >? '? &43? +=&'?'5+ =&=&+4 3'  ?&/'5 ?'&3'5? + RETAINERSHIP CONTRACT " 3 344 ; &  =3&? & &'  +/;5 5& '4! 35 ;3'> ? 4 53' 55 +=&'?'5 344 &* 5 53'+3= 5 C&=' =*3&/+4 ? 35 D. . E/4/ '? 55 +=&'?'5+ 53'  344 ; 5 "!000.00  &'5. S3? &'55 + '? 4. T 53'+3= '>'5 '5 &' & 1<1 5& 1<<" 35 '>+ 3' 5 53'+ . H&*! & 5 + 1<< '? 1<<6! '4 & 5 &'55 + &'4 ? *;44. T 5/'3'> =&3'5 3' 5 =53+ 453&'+3= +/? 3' D; 1<<6 ' 34&! 5/  455 6 ;3'> &' 5 +/;5 ;&4?4 355' + TERMINATION J RETAINERSHI CONTRACT! 3'&? D V & 35+ ?3+3&' 5& ?3+&'53'/ 5 455+ 53'+ &'55 35 5 C&=' 53* 5 5 4&+ & ;/+3'++ &/+ & D; ,1! 1<<6 ;/+ '>'5 + ?3?? 55 35 &/4? ; & =534 5& =&*3? ?34 +*3+ 5& 35+ =4&+ 5&/> ?35? &+=354+ '  5 &=' =3++. O' 22 #'/ 1<<7! D V 34?  &=43'5 & 344>4 ?3+3++4 ;& 5 N53&'4 L;&  R453&'+ C&3++3&' (NLRC)! 44>3'> 55 55  ? ;' 5/44 =4&? ; 34& + 35+ &=' =+33' +3' 1<1 '? + ?3+3++? 35&/5 ?/ =&++. H *? 55  + ?+3>'5? +  &=' =+33' &' 53' ;+3+ & +&'+ 44>?4 @'&' &'4 5& 34&. H 43@3+ =&++? 55 +3'  + '&5 &'*+'5 35 4;& 4+!  ?3? '&5 >3* / 55'53&' 5& 5 ?+3>'53&' + '  &@? &'  /44-53 ;+3+ '? + =3?  ;+3 &'54 +4 =4/+ 3'>  ;'35+! 43@ ' &5 >/4 =4&+ & 34&.

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Iss2e W5 & '&5 D V + ' =4& & 3'?='?'5 &'55& & 34&

Hel, I'  4&'> 43' & ?3+3&'+! 1  5 C&/5! 3' ?53'3'> 5 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=! + 3'*3;4 ?? 5& 5 &/-&4? 5+5! 5& 35: 819 5 +453&' '? '>>'5 & 5 =4& 829 5 ='5 & >+ 8,9 5 =& & ?3+3++4 '? 8"9 5 =& 5& &'5&4 5 =4&+ &'?/5! & 5 +&-44? &'5&4 5+5! &'+3?? 5& ; 5 &+5 3=&5'5 4'5. A==43'> 5 &/-&4? 5+5 5& 53+ +!  3'35344 3'? 55 35 + +=&'?'5 3+4 & +5+ 5  =5+ & 5 3+ ?/53+ &/4? ; 3' &3'> 3+ +*3+ 5& =5353&'. T 455 355' ; +=&'?'5 + +/;+5'5344 5 ;+3+ & 5 4;& ;35+ 3'?3'> 55 5 3+5? '& =4&=4& 453&'+3= ;5' =5353&' '? +=&'?'5! 3' ??353&' 5& 5 &44&3'> 5/4 +553'>+. T 5'& & 53+ 455 3'?35+ 55 5 &=43''5 + =&=&+3'> 5& 5'? 3+ 53 35 5 +=&'?'5 '? +@3'> ??353&'4 &='+53&' & +3? 5'+3&'. T3+ +&+ 55 5 +=&'?'5 HILCOM ?3? '&5 * &'5&4 &* 5 +?/4 & 5 &=43''5 + 35 83+9 5 &=43''5 & 3+  =&=&+3'> 3+ &' +?/4 '? +@3'> 5& ; =3? & 5 +. T3+ 3+ =&& 55 5 &=43''5 /'?+5&&? 55 3+ 453&'+3= 35 5 +=&'?'5 HILCOM +  53'? =+33' '? '&5 + ' =4&. I   ' =4&  &/4? '&5 '>&535 + 5& 3+ &/+ & &@. A5 & 5' 5' + & +*3+ 5& HILCOM! 5 &=43''5 &/4? * '&53? 55 '& SSS ??/53&'+  ? &' 3+ /'53&' & 55 5 +=&'?'5 + ??/53'> 5 10 5 & 3+ + '?  +/4 &/4? * &=43'? ;&/5 5 3  ? &'+3?? 3+4 ' =4& &  HILCOM. B/5  '* 3+? 5&+ 3++/+. A' &?3' =4& &/4? &'+3? 5 SSS ='5+ 3=&5'5 '? 5/+ @ +/ 5 &/4? ; =3?. T &=43''5 '* ;&5? 5& +@ 5 +=&'?'5 5& 35 3+ SSS &'53;/53&'+. T3+ 44 +&+ 55 5 &=43''5 '* &'+3?? 3+4 ' =4& & HILCOM '? 5/+! +=&'?'5 '? '&5 35 '53'> 5& 5 SSS 3' *& & 5 &=43''5.1 C44! 5 4'5+ & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=  '53'> 3' 53+ +. W  ?? 55 5 &?+  =45 35 *3?' +&3'> 55 +=&'?'5 ? 5& ;344 =5353&' & 3+ &'54  =&++3&'4 +.1< I5 +3=4 /'+ >3'+5 5 >3' & &&' =3' 5& 3>3' 55 ' &?3' =4& + 5 5& ;344 3+ =4& 5& 3* 3+ +4. W '&5! 5&&! 55 5 =& 5& 53'5 5 =53+ 453&'+3= + /5/44 *+5? &' ;&5. E35  53'5 5 '>'5 5 344! 35 & 35&/5 /+. 20 F3'44! @;4 ;+'5 & 5 =53+ '>'5 3+ 5 4'5 & &'5&4! ; 5 =4& + +*? 5 3>5 5& &'5&4 5 =4& '&5 &'4 + 5& 5 +/45 & 5 &@ ?&' ;/5 4+& + 5& 5 '+ '? 5&?+ ; 3 5 + 3+ 5& ; &=43+?. 21 H! =5353&' ? '& &'5&4 &* 5 '+ '? 5&?+ ; 3 +=&'?'5 '5 ;&/5  =&3'> 3+ &@ 5 5 &=' =3++. H &/4? *' ;@ 3' 5 =3*5 =53 & 3+  =&++3&'! '&5 5& '53&' 5 5 55 +=&'?'5+ &@ &/+ '? 5 ??353&'4 &='+53&' 5&  '>&535? /=&' ; 5 =53+. 22 I' 3'! 5 =53+ 5+4*+ =5344 >? &' * 5+ '? &'?353&'+ & +=&'?'5+ '>>'5! 3 5; '>5+ 5 4'5 & &'5&4 3' 53  453&'+3=. F& +/! +=&'?'5 + '* 35? *'  +3'>4 3'+5' ' =5353&' 3'5? 35 3+ &@.

Page13of153 G&3'> ;@ 5& A5. 20 & 5 L;& C&?! 35 + ? 53' 4 55 5 =&*3+3&'+ &  355' >'5 5& 5 &'5 '&535+5'?3'> & 5 3+5' &   &4 >'5! 3 5 =4& 3+ '>>? 3' 5 /+/4 ;/+3'++ & 5? & 5 =4&! & +&! 55  '?? +*3 & 5 4+5 &' ! +/ =4& +44 ; &'+3?? +  re2lar =4&. 3*5 +=&'?'5 3' + ;' 35  =5353&' +3' 1<1 '? 3+ =4&'5 + '&5 &  +=33 =&5 & /'?5@3'>! 5 =3&? &  3 + =-?53'? '? '35 5 &@ & +*3 & =3*5 +=&'?'5 ++&'4. (E=+3+ ; 5 CA 35+4). W ?3+> 5& 5 &>&3'> 53&3'53&'. T ==445 &/5+ =3+ 55 >/4 =4&+  5&+ & =& 53*353+ 3  ?+3;4 '? '++ & 5 ;/+3'++ & 5 =4& 3+ '&5 ?53'53* 3' 53+ +. F&!  5@ 35 55 ' >'5  =&*3? 55 &' =5 +44 '? +*3+ & '? 3' ;4 & '&5! '& 55 & '++ & 5 455+ ;/+3'++! e*en ?i-6(2- 8ein 6ire, as an e5pl(9ee . T3+ +5-/= 3+  =3+4 5/ 3' 5 + & ' 3'?='?'5 &'55&+3= + 44 + 3' ' >' >'5. I'??! A534 20 & 5 L;& C&?! K/&5? ; 5 ==445 &/5! 3+ '&5 5 ?+53@ & ?53'3'> 5 3+5' & ' =4&'5 453&'+3=. A+ 35 3+! 5 =&*3+3&' 4 ?3+53'>/3++ ;5' 5& (2) @3'?+ & =4&+! i.e.! >/4 '? +/4. I5 ?&+ '&5 ==4 ! + ! 5 * 3+5' & ' =4&'5 453&'+3= 3+ 3' ?3+=/5. 2, W35 5 &>'353&' & 5 5 55 =5353&' &'+3+5'54 '>>? 5 +*3+ & +=&'?'5 &'  53' ;+3+! + +&' ; 53 *3&/+ 53'+3= &'55+! +& ' =5353&' =/5 ' '?! 35 &  35&/5 /+! 5& 53 53'+3= >'5 + 53' =&*3??. 27 W '&5! &*! 55 *' + 5 &'55+ '5? 3'5& ; 5 =53+ 3'*3;4 =&*3? &  60? '&53 K/3'5 =3& 5& 53'53&'! 5 + + '&5 &=43? 35 ; =5353&' ' 35 53'5? &' 17 D; 1<<6 5 *;44-'? 53'+3= >'5! 53* 5 5 4&+ &   ;/+3'++ &/+ & ,1 D; 1<<6.

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ABS+CBN *. Na)aren( GR N( %@4%<@1 Sep-e58er 3@1 3&&@ Fac-s 5353&' ABS-CBN B&?+53'> C&=&53&' (ABS-CBN) 3+ '>>? 3' 5 ;&?+53'> ;/+3'++ '? &'+  '5&@ & 54*3+3&' '? ?3& +553&'+! &+ &=53&'+ *&4* &/'? 5 ;&?+5! 5'+3++3&'! '? 4 & 54&/'353&' +3>'4+. I5 +44+ '? ?4+ 3' & &53+ /5343+ 5 353 35 >'5+ & 35+ ?3& '? 54*3+3&' &=53&'+. I5 +  '3+ +  ;&?+53'> &='! '? + 43@3+ 3++/?  43'+ '? /5&35 5& &=5 ; 5 N53&'4 T4&/'353&'+ C&3++3&'. 5353&' =4&? +=&'?'5+ N'&! G&'! D3=3'! '? L+' + =&?/53&' ++3+5'5+ (A+) &' ?3'5 ?5+. T  ++3>'? 5 5 '+ '? =/;43 3+! & *3&/+ ?3& =&>+ 3' 5 C;/ B&?+53'> S553&'! 35  &'54 &='+53&' & "!000. T  3++/? ABS-CBN =4&+ 3?'53353&' ?+ '?  K/3? 5& &@ &  3'3/ & 3>5 &/+  ?! 3'4/?3'> S/'?+ '? &43?+ T3 +=53* &@3'> &/+  + &44&+: R+=&'?'5 G&' + ++3>'? + 5 /44-53 A & 5 TV N+ D=5'5 =&53'> ?354 5& L& L+53&+. O' O5&; 12! 2000! +=&'?'5+ 34?  C&=43'5 & R&>'353&' & R>/4 E=4&'5 S55/+! U'?='5 & O*53 ! H&43? ! 3/ ! S*3 I''53* ! S3@ L* ! '? 1,5 M&'5  35 D>+ >3'+5 5 =5353&' ;& 5 NLRC. T L;& A;35 ?35? 5  =53+ 5& +/;35 53 +=53* =&+353&' ==+. U=&' +=&'?'5+ 34/ 5& 34 53 =&+353&' ==+ 353' 5 >4'5 =3&?! L;& A;35 #&+ G. G/53 3++/? ' O? ?5? A=34 ,0! 2001! ?3+3++3'> 5 &=43'5 35&/5 =/?3 & 4@ & 3'5+5 5& =/+/ 5 +. R+=&'?'5+ 3*?  &= & 5 O? &' M 16! 2001. 7 I'+5? & -343'> 53 &=43'5 35 5 NLRC 353' 10 ?+ & M 16! 2001! 5 34?! &' #/' 11! 2001! ' E'+5 M&53&' 5& R34 C&=43'5 35 M&53&' 5& A?35 &+353&' = '? M&53&' 5& S/;35 C+ F& R+&4/53&'.  T L;& A;35 >'5? 53+ &53&' 3' ' O? ?5? #/' 1! 2001! '? &535 ?355? 5 =&+353&' == & 5 &=43''5+. R+=&'?'5+ 3'+3+5? 55 5 ;4&'>? 5&  &@ =&&4 & 3 =5353&' &+ =+&'+ 5& ; >3*' +=33 ++3>''5+ 5 35+ ?3+53&'! '?  5/+ /'? 35+ ?35 +/=*3+3&' '? &'5&4 >?4++ & '&'45/.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 A+  &'+3?? >/4 =4&+P

Hel, W > 35 +=&'?'5+ &'5'53&' 55   =+&' + '?? 5 4+5 &'  & +*3! >?4++ & 5 '5/ & 5 53*35 =&?! &  5 &@ 3+ &'53'/&/+ & 3'5355'5! 5 =4&'5 3+ &'+3?? >/4 + 4&'> + 5 53*35 3+5+! 5 +&' ;3'> 55  /+5& ==&3'5'5 3+ '&5 3'?3+='+;4 ;& &'  ; &44 ?4? + *3'> 553'? >/4 +55/+.

ART. 3/&. REG$LAR AND CAS$AL EMPLOYMENT .QT =&*3+3&'+ & 355' >'5 5& 5 &'5 '&535+5'?3'> '? >?4++ & 5 &4 >'5 & 5 =53+! ' =4&'5 +44

Page15of153  ; ?? 5& ; >/4  5 =4& + ;' '>>? 5& =& 53*353+ 3  /+/44 '++ & ?+3;4 3' 5 /+/4 ;/+3'++ & 5? & 5 =4& =5  5 =4&'5 +  ;' 3? &  +=33 =&5 & /'?5@3'> 5 &=453&' & 53'53&' & 3 + ;' ?53'? 5 5 53 & 5 '>>'5 & 5 =4& &  5 &@ & +*3+ 5& ; =&? 3+ ++&'4 3' '5/ '? 5 =4&'5 3+ & 5 ?/53&' & 5 ++&'. T/+! 5  5& @3'?+ & >/4 =4&+ /'? 5 4: (1) 5&+ '>>? 5& =& 53*353+ 3  '++ & ?+3;4 3' 5 /+/4 ;/+3'++ & 5? & 5 =4& '? (2) 5&+ +/4 =4&+ & * '?? 5 4+5 &'  & +*3! 5 &'53'/&/+ & ;&@'! 35 +=5 5& 5 53*353+ 3' 3 5  =4&?. , T =3'3=4 5+5 3+ 5 & '&5 5 =&5 =4&+  ++3>'? 5&  &/5  +=33  =&5 & /'?5@3'>! 5 ?/53&' '? +&= & 3  +=33? 5 5 53 5 =4&+  '>>? & 55 =&5.,< T =+/=53&' 3+ 55 ' 5 &@ ?&' 3+ ' 3'5>4 =5 & 5 >/4 ;/+3'++ & 5 =4& '? ' 5 &@! 453* 5& 5 =4&! ?&+ '&5 /'3+ ' 3'?='?'5 ;/+3'++ &   =&++3&'4 +*3! +/ &@ 3+  >/4 =4&'5 & +/ =4& '? '&5 ' 3'?='?'5 &'55& ." T C&/5 344 =/+ ;&'? ' +/ >'5 5& 3' 5 5+ 55 5=3 5  =53+ 5/4 453&'+3=."6 I5 &44&+ 5' 55 +=&'?'5+  '5354? 5& 5 ;'35+ =&*3?? & 3' 5 3+53'> CBA ;5'  =5353&' '? 35+ '@-'?-34 =4&+. A+ >/4 =4&+! +=&'?'5+  '5354? 5& 5 ;'35+ >'5? 5& 44 &5 >/4 =4&+ & =5353&' /'? 5 CBA. "7 W K/&5 35 ==&*4 5 /43'> & 5 ==445 &/5! 55 5 +&'  =&?/53&' ++3+5'5+  4/?? & 5 CBA 3+ =3+4  ;/+ 5  &'&/+4 4++33? '? 55? + =&5 =4&+ ; =5353&': A+ 43 +55?! 35 3+ '&5 5 344 & &? & 5 =4& 3 ?53'+ 5 '5/ &  =4&'5 & ' =4& ;/5 5 '5/ & 5 53*353+ =&? ; +/ =4& 3' 453&' 5& 5 =53/4 ;/+3'++ & 5? & 5 =4&. C&'+3?3'> 55 W * 44 &/'? 55 =3*5 +=&'?'5+  >/4 =4&+ & =5353&'! 53 4/+3&' & 5 +3? CBA &' 5 3+=4?  ;43 & 5 =53+ 5& 5 +3? >'5 55 5  =&5 =4&+! 3+ 5& '&5 =&=. F3'?3'> +3? =3*5 +=&'?'5+ + >/4 =4&+ '? '&5 +  =&5 =4&+! 5 /+5 ; &?? 5 ;'35+ ?/ /'? 5 +3? C&4453* B>3'3'> A>'5.

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Francisc( *s. NLRC <&& SCRA @&1 3&&@ Fac-s I' 1<<! =5353&' + 3? ; +3 C&=&53&' ?/3'> 35+ 3'&=&53&' +5>. S + ?+3>'5? + A&/'5'5 '? C&=&5 S5 '? + ++3>'? 5& '?4 44 5 &/'53'> '?+ & 5 &='. S + 4+& ?+3>'5? + L33+&' O3 5& 5 C35 & M@53 5& +/ ;/+3'++  =35+! &'+5/53&' =35+ '? &5 43'++ & 5 3'3534 &=53&' & 5 &='.  A45&/> + + ?+3>'5? + C&=&5 S5! + + '&5 '5/+5? 35 5 &=&5 ?&/'5+ '35 ?3? + 55'? ' ;&? 53'> '& K/3? 5& ?& +&. S '* ==? ' 4>4 ?&/'5 '? '* =+'5? 5 &=' + 35+ C&=&5 S5. H&*! &' +& &+3&'+! + + =*34? /=&' 5& +3>' ?&/'553&' & 5 &='.6 I' 1<<6! =5353&' + ?+3>'5? A53'> M'>. T &=&53&' 4+& 3? G N3'& + &/'5'5 3' 43/ & =5353&'. A+ A53'> M'>! =5353&' + ++3>'? 5& '?4 /35'5 & 44 =4&+ '? =& '>'5 ?3'3+553&' /'53&'+ =+'5 5 &=' 3' 44 ?43'>+ 35 >&*''5 >'3+! +=344 35 5 B// & I'5'4 R*'/ (BIR)! S&34 S/35 S+5 (SSS) '? 3' 5 35 >&*''5 & M@53 '? 5& ?3'3+5 44 &5 55+ =53'3'> 5& 5 &=53&' & +3 R+5/'5 3 3+ &'? '? &=5? ; +3 C&=&53&'. 7 F& 3* +! =5353&' =&? 5 ?/53+ & A53'> M'>. A+ & D; ,1! 2000   +4 + 27!00.00 =4/+ ,!000.00 &/+3'> 44&' '?  10 + 3' 5 =&35 & +3 C&=&53&'.  I' #'/ 2001! =5353&' + =4? ; L3 R. F/'5+ + M'>. 5353&' 44>? 55 + + K/3? 5& +3>'  ==? +&4/53&' &  =4'5 ;/5 + + ++/? 55 + &/4? +5344 ; &''5? 35 +3 C&=&53&'. T3&5& A?&! 5 ?+3>'5? T+/! &'*'?  53'> & 44 =4&+ & +3 C&=&53&' '? ''&/'? 55 '&53'> ? '>? '? 55 =5353&' + +5344 &''5? 35 +3 C&=&53&' + T'34 A++3+5'5 5& S33 / '? 3' > & 44 BIR  55+. < T5! +3 C&=&53&' ?/?  +4 ; 2!00.00  &'5 ;>3''3'> #'/ /= 5& S=5; 2001 &  5&54 ?/53&' & 22!00.00 + & S=5; 2001. 5353&' + '&5 =3?   3?- ;&'/+ 44>?4 ;/+ 5 &=' + '&5 '3'> 44. O' O5&; 2001! =5353&' ?3? '&5 3*  +4 & 5 &='. S ? =5? &44&-/=+ 35 5 &=' +3 ;/5 + + ?*3+? 55 5 &=' + '&5 '3'> 44. 10 O' O5&; 1! 2001! =5353&' +@? &  +4 & A?& '? 5 +5 & 5 &3+ ;/5 + + 3'&? 55 + 3+ '& 4&'> &''5? 35 5 &='. 11 S3' + + '& 4&'> =3?  +4! =5353&' ?3? '&5 =&5 & &@ '? 34? ' 53&' &  &'+5/53* ?3+3++4 ;& 5 4;& ;35.

Iss2e W5 5 + ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' =5353&' '? =3*5 +=&'?'5 +3 C&=&53&' '? 3 3' 5 353*! (2) W5 =5353&' + 344>44 ?3+3++?.

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Hel, W 4? 3' Sevilla v. Court of Appeals 1 55 3' 53+ /3+?353&'! 5 + ;' '& /'3& 5+5 5& ?53' 5 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'. G'44! &/5+ * 43? &' 5 +&-44? 3>5 & &'5&4 5+5  5 =+&' & & 5 +*3+  =&? +*+  3>5 5& &'5&4 '&5 &'4 5 '? 5& ; 3*? ;/5 4+& 5 '+ 5& ; /+? 3' 3'> +/ '?. I' ??353&' 5& 5 +5'?? & 3>5-&-&'5&4! 5 3+53'> &'&3 &'?353&'+ =*343'> ;5' 5 =53+! 43@ 5 3'4/+3&' & 5 =4& 3' 5 =&44+! ' 4= 3' ?53'3'> 5 3+5' & ' =4&=4& 453&'+3=. H&*! 3' 53' ++ 5 &'5&4 5+5 3+ '&5 +/33'5 5& >3*  &=45 =35/ & 5 453&'+3= ;5' 5 =53+! &3'> 5& 5 &=435 & +/  453&'+3=  +*4 =&+353&'+ * ;' 4? ; 5 &@. T  3'+5'+ '! +3? & 5 =4&+ =& 5& &'5&4 5 =4& 35 +=5 5& 5 '+ '? 5&?+ ; 3 5 &@ 3+ 5& ; &=43+?! &'&3 4353+ & 5 =4&'5 453&'+ 4= =&*3?  &='+3* '4+3+ & 5 5/ 4++3353&' &  5 3'?3*3?/4! 5 + =4&! 3'?='?'5 &'55&! &=&5 &3 & +& &5 =35. T ;55 ==& &/4? 5& ; 5& ?&=5  5&-53? 5+5 3'*&4*3'>: (1) 5 =/553* =4&+ =& 5& &'5&4 5 =4& 35 +=5 5& 5 '+ '? 5&?+ ; 3 5 &@ 3+ 5& ; &=43+? '? (2) 5 /'?43'> &'&3 4353+ & 5 53*35 & 453&'+3=. T3+ 5&-53? 5+5 &/4? =&*3? /+ 35  &@ & '4+3+! 3 &/4? 5@ 3'5& &'+3?53&' 5 5&5435 & 3/+5'+ +/&/'?3'> 5 5/ '5/ & 5 453&'+3= ;5' 5  =53+. T3+ 3+ +=344 ==&=35 3' 53+ +  5 3+ '& 355' >'5 & 5+ &  ' 5& ;+ 5 453&'+3= &' '? ?/ 5& 5 &=435 & 5 453&'+3= ;+? &' 5 *3&/+  =&+353&'+ '? +=&'+3;34353+ >3*' 5& 5 &@ &* 5 =3&? & 5 455+ =4&'5. T/+! 5 ?53'53&' & 5 453&'+3= ;5' =4& '? =4& ?='?+ /=&' 5 3/+5'+ & 5 &4 &'&3 53*35! 22 +/ +: (1) 5 5'5 5& 3 5 +*3+ =&?  ' 3'5>4 =5 & 5 =4&+ ;/+3'++ (2) 5 5'5 & 5 &@+ 3'*+5'5 3' K/3='5 '? 34353+ (,) 5 '5/ '? ?> & &'5&4 3+? ; 5 =4& (") 5 &@+ &==&5/'35 & =&35 '? 4&++ () 5 &/'5 & 3'35353*! +@344! /?>'5 & &+3>5 K/3? & 5 +/++ & 5 43? 3'?='?'5 '5=3+ (6) 5 ='' '? ?/53&' & 5 453&'+3=  ;5' 5 &@ '? 5 =4& '? (7) 5 ?> & ?='?' & 5 &@ /=&' 5 =4& & 3+ &'53'/? =4&'5 3' 55 43' & ;/+3'++. 2, T =&= +5'?? & &'&3 ?='?' 3+ 5 5 &@ 3+ ?='?'5 &' 5 44>? =4& & 3+ &'53'/? =4&'5 3' 55 43' & ;/+3'++. 2" I' 5 U'35? S55+! 5 5&/+5&' &  &'&3 435 3' '43'> =&++3;4 =4&'5 453&'+3=+ & =/=&++ & 5 F?4 L;&  S5'??+ A5 3+ ?='?'. 2 B '4&>! 5 ;'@ & &'&3 435 3' '43'> =&++3;4 =4&'5 453&'+3=+ & =/=&++ & 5 L;& C&? &/>5 5& ; 5 &'&3 ?='?' & 5 &@ &' 3+ =4&. U'? 5 ;&? &'&3 435 5+5! 5 =5353&' ' 43@3+ ; +3? 5& ; ' =4& &  +=&'?'5 &=&53&' ;/+ + ? +*? 5 &=' & +3 + ;&  ?3+3++4! 3*3'> @ *&/+ 3'?353'>  +43+>+! ;'35+! 1,5 &'5 =! ;&'/++ '? 44&'+! + 44 + ??/53&'+ '? S&34 S/35 &'53;/53&'+ & A/>/+5 1! 1<<< 5& D; 1! 2000. 26 W'  =5353&' + ?+3>'5? G'4 M'>! +=&'?'5 &=&53&' ?  =&5 5& 5 SSS +3>'? ; I' B44+5&+. 5353&'+ ;+3= 3' 5 SSS + '3+5? ;  &= & 5 SSS +=3' +3>'5/ ? 3 + +3>'? ; 5 +3?'5 & +3 C&=&53&' '? 5 3'4/+3&' &  ' 3' 5 &'-43' 3'K/3 ++5 & 5 SSS *3'+ 5 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=  ;5' =5353&' '? +=&'?'5 &=&53&'.

Page18of153 I5 3+ 5& =='5 55 =5353&' 3+ &'&344 ?='?'5 &' +=&'?'5 &=&53&' &   &'53'/? =4&'5 3' 5 455+ 43' & ;/+3'++. A ?33'/53&' & = 3+ =/?334 5& 5 =4& '? &/'5+ 5& &'+5/53* ?3+3++4. C&'+5/53* ?3+3++4 3+ ' 3'*&4/'5 +3>'53&' +/453'> 3' ++53&' & &@ +&5? 5& ' &'53'/? =4&'5 ;&+ 3=&++3;4! /'+&';4 & /'43@4 ' 5 3+  ?&53&' 3' '@  &  ?33'/53&' 3' = & '  4 ?3+33'53&'! 3'+'+3;3435 & ?3+?3' ; ' =4& ;&+ /';;4 5& ' =4&. , I' Globe elecom, Inc. v. Florendo!Flores ! ,6  /4? 55  ' =4& ++ 5& &@ ?/ 5&  ?&53&' & '@ &  ?33'/53&' & =! ' /'+&';4 +35/53&' 3++ 3 5+ ' ?*+ &@3'> '*3&''5 '?3'> 35 3=&++3;4 & +/ =4& 5& &'53'/ &@3'> &  =4&. H'!  +*' & 5 &=' + '&5 &  &' @3'> '? 5& &/'5? 5& ' 344>4 53'53&' & =4&'5.

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N(rales e- al *s. Capi-(l Me,ical Cen-er GR N(. %43@3<1 Dece58er %@1 3&&@ Fac-s A&/'? 3?'3>5 & 2 M 1<76! C&&' +55? 5& =3' 34? 4;& =3'+ =&=53'> C&&' '? R&>43& N&>4+ (S=&/++ N&>4+) 5& + D. E+5? 5 3+ &. A5 3'3'> C&&'! D. E+5? ?*3+?  3?35 ?3++3&' 5& 5 C=35&4 M?34 C'5 (CMC). O' 26 M 1<76! C&&' + ?355? 5 2:,0 .. 5 5 CMC 5 5 +5 '/+ '&5? 5 355' ?3++3&' K/+5  & D. E+5?. U=&' C&&'+ ?3++3&' 5 5 CMC! R&>43& N&>4+ (R&>43&) /5? '? +3>'? 5 C&'+'5 &' A?3++3&' '? A>'5 < '? A?3++3&' A>'5.10 C&&' + 5' ;&/>5 5& 5 4;& && & 5 CMC. D. R&+ U (D. U)! & + 5'  +3?'5 =+33' & CMC! &'?/5? ' 3'5'4 3'53&' & C&&'. D. U 5' 44? /= D. E+5? 5& '&53 3 &  3'?3'>+. B+? &' 5 D&5&+ O? S5! 11 &/'? ,:00 ..! D. E+5? &?? & 10 >. & *43/ 5&  ; ?3'3+5? 3?354 ; 3'5/+/4 3'53&'. D. E+5? 45 &?? 5 +55 & 3'5*'&/+ ?3'3+553&' & +'5&3'&' ?3? 35 ?5&+! ! 3' 455? R3'>+ +&4/53&'! 5 5 5 & 3>5 5& 5' 3&-?&=+ = 3'/5. A&?3'> 5& 5 N/++ O;+*53&' N&5+!12 D. #&4 E'3K/ (D. E'3K/)! ' '+5+3&4&>3+5 5 CMC! + '&533? 5 ":1 .. & C&&'+ ?3++3&'. S/;+K/'54! ' +@? 3   '?? 5 +*3+ & ' '+5+3&4&>3+5! D. E+5? /+?. D+=35 D. E+5?+ /+4! D. E'3K/ +5? 5& &;+* C&&'+ &'?353&'. D/ 5& 5 3'4'5 5 5'! D. E+=3'&4! & + 5? & 3+ +3?' ; ' ;/4'! 3*? 5 5 CMC ;&/5 ' &/ 45 & 5 <:00 .. H 3'? 5 =53'5 '? &?? +& +/+3553* +/+ 5& ; ?3'3+5?. D+=35 D. E+=3'&4+ &5+! C&&' ?3? 5 <:1 .. T /+ & ?5 + &>! =&+5 =5/. 1"

Iss2e W5 CMC 3+ *33&/+4 43;4 & 5 '>43>' & D. E+5?

Hel, On the Liaility of CMC 

CMC 44>+ 55 D. E+5? 3+ ' 3'?='?'5 &'55& & &+ 5/53&'+ CMC &/4? ;  5&54 +5'>. CMC 3'53'+ 55 35 ? '& &'5&4 & +/=*3+3&' &* D. E+5? 3' 5 3+ &  3+ ?34 =&++3&'. I' >'4!  &+=354 3+ '&5 43;4 & 5 '>43>' & ' 3'?='?'5 &'55&-=+33'. T 3+! &*! ' =53&' 5& 53+ =3'3=4. T &+=354  ; 43;4 3 5 =+33' 3+ 5 &+5'+3;4 >'5 & 5 &+=354. "" T3+ =53&' 3+ 4+& @'&' + 5 ?&53' & =='5 /5&35. " I' Gilbert  v. Sycamore Municipal Hospital !"6 5 I443'&3+ S/= C&/5 =43'? 5 ?&53' & =='5 /5&35 3' 53+ 3+:

Page20of153 8U9'? 5 ?&53' & =='5 /5&35  &+=354 ' ; 4? *33&/+4 43;4 & 5 '>43>'5 5+ &  =+33' =&*3?3'>  5 5 &+=354! >?4++ & 5 5 =+33' 3+ ' 3'?='?'5 &'55&! /'4++ 5 =53'5 @'&+! & +&/4? * @'&'! 55 5 =+33' 3+ ' 3'?='?'5 &'55&. T 4'5+ & 5 53&' * ;' +5 &/5 + &44&+: F&  &+=354 5& ; 43;4 /'? 5 ?&53' & =='5 /5&35!  =43'53 /+5 +& 55: (1) 5 &+=354! & 35+ >'5! 5? 3'  '' 55 &/4? 4?  +&';4 =+&' 5& &'4/? 55 5 3'?3*3?/4 & + 44>? 5& ; '>43>'5 + ' =4& & >'5 & 5 &+=354 (2)  5 5+ & 5 >'5 5 5 ==' & /5&35! 5 =43'53 /+5 4+& =&* 55 5 &+=354 ? @'&4?> & '? K/3+? 3' 5 '? (,) 5 =43'53 5? 3' 43' /=&' 5 &'?/5 & 5 &+=354 & 35+ >'5! &'+3+5'5 35 &?3'  '? =/?'. T 4'5 & &4?3'> &/5 &' 5 =5 & 5 &+=354 ?&+ '&5 K/3 ' =++ =+'553&' ; 5 &+=354 55 5 =+&' 44>? 5& ; '>43>'5 3+ ' =4&. R5! 5 4'5 3+ +53+3? 3 5 &+=354 &4?+ 35+4 &/5 +  =&*3? & >' &&  35&/5 3'&3'> 5 =53'5 55 5  3+ =&*3?? ; 3'?='?'5 &'55&+. T 4'5 & /+533;4 43' &' 5 =5 & 5 =43'53 3+ +53+3? 3 5 =43'53 43+ /=&' 5 &+=354 5& =&*3? &=45 >' && ! 5 5' /=&'  +=33 =+33'. T ?&53' & =='5 /5&35 ++'5344 3'*&4*+ 5& 5&+ 5& ?53' 5 43;3435 & ' 3'?='?'5-&'55& =+33'. T 3+5 5& &/++ &' 5 &+=354+ '3+553&'+ '? 3+ +&53+ ?+3;? + ' 3'K/3 5 5 &+=354 5? 3'  '' 3 &/4? 4?  +&';4 =+&' 5& &'4/? 55 5 3'?3*3?/4 & + 44>? 5& ; '>43>'5 + ' =4& & >'5 & 5 &+=354. "7 In -6is rear,1

-6e 6(spi-al nee, n(- 5ae e;press represen-a-i(ns -( -6e pa-ien- -6a- -6e -rea-in p69sician is an e5pl(9ee (: -6e 6(spi-al ra-6er a represen-a-i(n 5a9 8e eneral an, i5plie,. " T ?&53' & =='5 /5&35 3+  +=3+ & 5 ?&53' & +5&==4. A534 1",1 & 5 C3*34 C&? =&*3?+ 55 859&/> +5&==4! ' ?3++3&' & =+'553&' 3+ '?? &'4/+3* /=&' 5  =+&' @3'> 35! '? ''&5 ; ?'3? & ?3+=&*? + >3'+5 5 =+&' 43'> 5&'. E+5&==4 +5+ &' 53+ /4: W'*  =5 +! ; 3+ &' ?453&'! 5! & &3++3&'! 3'5'53&'44 '? ?43;54 4? '&5 5& ;43*  =53/4 53'> 5/! '? 5& 5 /=&' +/ ;43!  ''&5! 3' ' 4353>53&' 3+3'> &/5 & +/ ?453&'! 5 & &3++3&'! ; =355? 5& 4+3 35. "< I' 5 3'+5'5 +! CMC 3=43?4 4? &/5 D. E+5? +  ; & 35+ ?34 +5. T&/> CMC+ 5+! CMC 4&5? D. E+5? 35 =='5 /5&35 5; 4?3'> 5 S=&/++ N&>4+ 5&  ;43* 55 D. E+5? + ' =4& & >'5 & CMC. CMC ''&5 '& =/?35 +/ /5&35. T &?+ +& 55 5 S=&/++ N&>4+ 43? /=&'  =3*? =4&'5 453&'+3= 35 CMC 3' =53'> D. E+5?+ +*3+. R&>43& 5+533? 55  '? 3+ 3 +=3344 &+ D. E+5? 5& '?4 C&&'+ ?43* '&5 &'4 ;/+ & 53 3'?+ &'?53&'! ;/5 & 3=&5'54 ;/+ & D. E+5?+ &''53&' 35  =/5;4 &+=354! 5 8CMC9.  I' &5 &?+! D. E+5?+ 453&'+3= 35 CMC =4?  +3>'33'5 &4 3' 5 S=&/++ N&>4+ ?3+3&' 3' =53'> D. E+5?+ +*3+ + 5 &;+5533'->'&4&>3+5 & C&&'+ ?43*. M&&*! + 43 +55?! 5 3+ '& +&3'> 55 ;& '? ?/3'> C&&'+ &'3''5 5 CMC! 5 S=&/++  N&>4+ @' & +&/4? * @'&' 55 D. E+5? + '&5 ' =4& & CMC.

Page21of153 F/5! 5 S=&/++ N&>4+ 4&&@? 5& CMC 5& =&*3? 5 ;+5 ?34  '? +/==&5 +*3+ & C&&'+ ?43*. T C&/5 '&5+ 55 =3& 5& C&&'+ &/5 =>''! + /+? 5& >3* ;35 3'+3?  43'3. C&'+3?3'> C&&'+ > 5'! 5 S=&/++ N&>4+ ?3?? 5& * 53 &/5 34? ?43*? 5 CMC! 3 R&>43& >?? &' & 5 ;+5 &+=354+ 5 5 53. 6 T3+ 3+ =3+4  ;/+ 5 S=&/++ N&>4+ ? 55 C&&' 3>5 =3' &=4353&'+ ?/3'>  ?43* 3 &/4? ; ;55 ??++? '? 55? 3'  &?' '? ;3> &+=354 +/ + CMC. M&&*! R&>43&+ &'+'5 3' C&&'+ +55& 5& ; =&? ;  ?3'5 =+33'! '4 D. E+=3'&4! 3+  4 3'?353&' & R&>43&+ &'3?' 3' CMC+ +/>34 +5.

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C(ca+C(la B(--lers P6il. *s. Dr Ci5ac( GR N( %4@//% Fe8r2ar9 %<1 3&&0 Fac-s R+=&'?'5 D. D' N. C43& 3+  ?34 ?&5& & + 3? ; =5353&' C&-C&4 B&554+ 34+.! I'. ; *35/ &  R53' A>'5 55 +55?: WHEREAS! 5 COMANY ?+3+ 5& '>> &'  53' ;+3+ 5 +*3+ &  =+33' '? 5 +3? DOCTOR 3+ =53'> +/ '>>'5 /=&' 5+ '? &'?353&'+ 3'5 +5 &5 T R53' A>'5! 3 ;>' &' #'/ 1! 1<! + '? ''/44. T 4+5 &' =3? &' D; ,1! 1<<,. D+=35 5 '&'-'4 & 5 R53' A>'5! +=&'?'5 &'53'/? 5& =& 3+ /'53&'+ + &=' ?&5& 5& C&-C&4 /'534  3*?  455 " ?5? M 53 53'+3= >'5 53* ,0 ?+ & 3=5 5&. I5 3+ '&5? 55 + 4 + S=5; 1<<2! =5353&' + 4? @3'> 3'K/33+ >?3'> 3+ +55/+ 35 =5353&' &='. F3+5!  &5  455 ??++? 5& D. W3443 S! 5 A53'> +3?'5 '? C3=+&' & 5 C&355 &' M;+3=! 343==3' C&44> & O/=53&'4 M?33'. I' +=&'+! D. S &5  455  5& 5 +&''4 O3 & C&-C&4 B&554+ 34+.! B&4&? C35! +553'> 55 +=&'?'5 +&/4? ; &'+3?? +  >/4 =5-53 =+33'! *3'> +*? 5 &=' &'53'/&/+4 & &/ (") +. H 43@3+ +55? 55 +=&'?'5 /+5 3* 44 5 ;'35+ '?  =3*34>+ & ' =4& /'? A534 17 (;)6 & 5 L;& C&?. 5353&' &='! &*! ?3? '&5 5@ ' 53&'. H'! +=&'?'5 ? '&5 3'K/3 ?35? 5& 5 A++3+5'5 R>3&'4 D35&! B&4&? C35 D3+535 O3 & 5 D=5'5 & L;& '? E=4&'5 (DOLE)! & ? 5 3'K/3 5& 5 L>4 S*3 & 5 DOLE! M'34. I' 3+ 455 7 ?5? M 1! 1<<,! D35& D''3+ . A'5! L>4 S*3! DOLE! +55? 55  ;43*? 55 ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+5? ;5' =5353&' '? +=&'?'5 ;+? &' 5 R53'  A>'5 '? 5 C&='+3* M?34 4'! '? 5 ==4353&' & 5 &/-&4? 5+5. H&*! D35& A'5 =+3? 55 5 3+5' & =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+  K/+53&' & 5. H'! 53'53&' ?3+=/5+ & &' 43+ 3+3'> & =4&-=4& 453&'+ ?3'> !000  ; 34? 35 5 N53&'4 L;& R453&'+ C&3++3&' (NLRC). H +55? 55 53 &=3'3&' 3+ +5354 ?*3+&. A' 3'K/3 + 43@3+ ??++? 5& 5 S&34 S/35 S+5 (SSS). T5! M. R&& R. T/=+! OIC-FID & SSS-B&4&? C35! &5  455  5& 5 +&''4 O3 & C&-C&4 B&554+ 34+.! I'. 3'&3'> 5 455 55 5 4>4 +5 & 3+ &3 + & 5 &=3'3&' 55 5 +*3+ &  +=&'?'5 =5@ & 5 '5/ & &@ &  >/4 &=' ?&5& '? 55  +! 5&! +/;5 5& +&34 +/35 &*>. R+=&'?'5 3'K/3? & 5 '>'5 & =5353&' &=' 5 35 + >;4 5& &>'33'> 3 +  >/4 =4&. T '>'5 /+? 5& ?& +&. O' F;/ 2"! 1<<"! +=&'?'5 34?  C&=43'5 < ;& 5 NLRC! B&4&? C35! +@3'> &>'353&' +  >/4 =4& & =5353&' &=' '? =? & 5 ='5 & 44 ;'35+ &  >/4 =4&! 3'4/?3'> 1,5 M&'5 ! C&+5 & L3*3'> A44&'! H&43? ! S*3 I''53* L* ! '? C3+5+ B&'/+. T + + ?&@5? + RAB C+ N&. 06-02-101,-<".

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Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 3+ ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= =/+/'5 5& A534 20 & 5 L;&  C&?

Hel, T C&/5! 3' ?53'3'> 5 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=! + 3'*3;4 ?? 5& 5 &/-&4? 5+5: (1) 5 +453&' '? '>>'5 & 5 =4& (2) 5 ='5 &  >+ (,) 5 =& & ?3+3++4 '? (") 5 =& 5& &'5&4 5 =4&+ &'?/5! & 5 +&-44? &'5&4 5+5! &'+3?? 5& ; 5 &+5 3=&5'5 4'5. 1 T C&/5 >+ 35 5 3'?3'> & 5 L;& A;35 '? 5 NLRC 55 5 3/+5'+ & 53+ + +& 55 '& =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+5+ ;5' 5 =53+. T L;& A;35 '? 5  NLRC &54 &/'? 55 =5353&' &=' 4@? 5 =& & &'5&4 &* 5 =&' ; +=&'?'5 & 3+ ?/53+. T L;& A;35 +&'? 55 5 C&='+3* M?34 4'! 3 &'53'+ 5 +=&'?'5+ &;53*+! ?/53+ '? &;43>53&'+! ?&+ '&5 544 +=&'?'5 & 5& &'?/5 3+  =+34 3'53&'! & 5& 3/'3! & & 5& ?3>'&+ '? 55 3+ =53'5+! =4&+ &  8=5353&'9 &='! 3'  +. T L;& A;35 4+& &54 &/'? 55 5 =&*3+3&' 3' 5 R53' A>'5 55 +=&'?'5 + &' 44 ?/3'> >' ++ ?3? '&5 @ 3  >/4 =4&. H =43'?! 5/+: L3@3+! 5 44>53&' & &=43''5 55 +3'  3+ &' 44 5 '53 & 5 ? '? '3>5 @+ 3  >/4 =4& 3+ &-5'>'5. C&=43''5 ?&+ '&5 ?3+=/5 5 5 55 &/5+3? & 5 5& (2) &/+ 55  3+ K/3? 5& ; 5 +=&'?'5 &='+ =3++!  3+ '&5 5 44 /5 K/3? 5& /+5 +35 &/'? 3' 5 =3++ '? 35 & ' >' 5& &/ +& + 5& ';4 3 & /+3'> +/ &/+ & 3+ &' ;'35 '? ?*'5>. I' 5! &=43''5 3'53'+ 3+ &' =3*5 43'3 55'?3'> 5& 3+  =3*5 =53 3' 5 35!   +*3+ 3+ =53'5+! ;344+ 5 &?3'>4 -- '? 3 35 3+ ' =4& & +=&'?'5 &=' & 3+ 55'?? 5& ; 3 & +=34 55'5 55 '?+ &+=354353&' & &=53&'! 53+ 3+ +/;5 5&  +=34 ;3443'>. M& &5' 5' '&5! ' =4& 3+ K/3? 5& +5 3' 5 =4&+ &@=4 & =&354 4&+ 55& 55  ''&5 /5343 3+ 53 53*4 '? >3'/44 & 3+ &' =/=&+. S/ 3+ '&5 5 =*343'> +35/53&' . "a T C&/5 4+& '&5+ 55 5 R53'+3= A>'5 >'5? 5& ;&5 =53+ 5 =& 5& 53'5 53 453&'+3= /=&' >3*3'>  ,0-? '&53. H'! =5353&' &=' ?3? '&5 34? 5 +&4 =&  & ?3+3++4 & 53'53&'. C&'+3?3'> 55 5 3+ '& =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' 5 =53+! 5 53'53&' &  5 R53'+3= A>'5! 3 3+ 3' &?' 35 5 =&*3+3&'+ & 5 A>'5! ?&+ '&5 &'+535/5 344>4 ?3+3++4 & +=&'?'5. C&'+K/'54! 5 3+ '& ;+3+ & 5 &4 '? =4 ?>+ >'5? ; 5 C&/5 & A==4+ 5& +=&'?'5 ?/ 5& 3+ 44>? 344>4 ?3+3++4.

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Cala58a Me,ical Cen-er *s. NLRC e- al GR N( %0@4/41 N(*e58er 3<1 3&&/ Fac-s T C4; M?34 C'5 (=5353&')!  =3*54-&'? &+=354! '>>? 5 +*3+ &  ?34 ?&5&+-+=&/++ R&'4?& L''+ (D. L''+) '? M?35 L''+ (D. M?35) 3' M 1<<2 '? A/>/+5 1<<! +=53*4! + =5 & 35+ 5 & +3?'5 =+33'+. R=&53'> 5 5 &+=354 53--@ &' 5'5-&/-&/ +35+! +=&'?'5+  =3?  &'54 53' & "!00.00 .1 I5 ==+ 55 +3?'5 =+33'+  4+& >3*'  ='5> + &/5 & + >? & &/5-=53'5 55'5+! &=53'> && ++3+5' '? ?3+> ;3443'>+! 3' ??353&' 5& 53  3? &'54 53' .2 T &@ +?/4+ & 5 ;+ & 5 5 & +3?'5 =+33'+  3? ; =5353&'+ ?34 ?35& D. R/4 D+3=? (D. D+3=?). A'? 5  3++/? 3?'53353&' ?+ , ;  =5353&' '?  '&44? 3' 5 S&34 S/35 S+5 (SSS). "I'& 5+  354? & 5. O' M 7! 1<<! D. M4/ T3'3?? (D. T3'3??)! 4+&  +3?'5 =+33' 5 5 &+=354! 3'?*5'54 &*?  54=&' &'*+53&' & +=&'?'5 D. L''+ 35  44& =4&! D3&+??& M3+4! 5&/> ' 5'+3&' 54=&' 43'. A=='54! D. L''+ '? M3+4  ?3+/++3'> 5 4& '+/+ & ?3++3&' & =53'5+ 5& 5 &+=354. 6 O' M 1"! 1<<!11 5 '@-'?-34 =4&+ /'3&' & =5353&' '5 &' +53@ ?/ 5& /'+&4*? >3*'+ &* 5+ '? &'?353&'+ & =4&'5. 12 O' M 20! 1<<! D. L''+ 34?  &=43'5 & 344>4 +/+='+3&' 1, ;& 5 N53&'4 L;& R453&'+ C&3++3&' (NLRC)-R>3&'4 A;3553&' B&? (RAB) IV. D. M?35 +/;+K/'54 34?  &=43'5 & 344>4 ?3+3++4. 1" D'3'> 5 3+5' & +/ 453&'+3=! =5353&' >/+ 55 5 ==445 &/5! + 44 + 5  NLRC! &*4&&@? 35+ 53--@ =&53'> '>'5 35 +=&'?'5+ &   5& =53 53 =&++3&' 4+ 5 +5 & 5 @. A'? 35 3'*35+ 55'53&' 5& 5 /'&'5&*5? 44>53&' 55 +=&'?'5+! +3? & 53 &'54 53'+!  '5354? 5& &'-4 & 44 +/5/3'>! ?3553'>! &'+/4553&'! ?3&-4>4 '? &=53'> && ++3+5' +. 2 T+ 3/+5'+! 35 +5+++!  4 ;?>+ & 5 ;+' & ' =4&'5 453&'+3= ;5' 5

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 3+5+ ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' =5353&' '? 5 +=&/+++=&'?'5+

Hel, U'? 5 &'5&4 5+5! ' =4&'5 453&'+3= 3+5+ ;5'  =+33' '?  &+=354 3 5 &+=354 &'5&4+ ;&5 5 '+ '? 5 ?534+ & 5 =&++ ; 3 5 =+33' 3+ 5& &=43+ 3+ 5[email protected]< W  =+&' & &@+ & '&5 ?&+ +& & & 4++ 5 3+ &' =4+/ '? 3+ '&5 +/;5 5& ?3'35 &/+ & &'?353&'+ & &@! '? 3+ &='+5? &?3'> 5& 5 +/45 & 3+ &5+ '? '&5 5 &/'5 5&! 5 4'5 & &'5&4 3+ ;+'5. ,0

Page25of153 A+ =3& +55?! =3*5 +=&'?'5+ 3'53'? +=33 &@-+?/4+! + ?53'? ;  =5353&' 5&/> 35+ ?34 ?35&! 3 &'+3+5? & 2"-&/ +35+ 5&543'> &5-3>5 &/+  @ '? 3  +5354 5& ; &;+*? /'? =3' & ?3'3+553* +'53&'+. T5 =5353&' 3+? &'5&4 &* +=&'?'5+ >3'+ 43>5 & 5 /'?3+=/5? 5 55 3' 5 >' &&! 5 &=53'> &&! & ' ?=5'5 & ? & 55 55! +=&'?'5+ &@ 3+ &'35&? 5&/> 35+ '/+3'> +/=*3+&+! > '/++ '? &?43+. W35&/5 5 ==&*4 & &'+'5 & =5353&' & 35+ ?34 ?35&! '& &=53&'+ ' ; /'?5@' 3' 5&+ +. F& &'5&4 5+5 5& ==4! 35 3+ '&5 ++'534 & 5 =4& 5& 5/44 +/=*3+ 5 =&' & ?/53+ & 5 =4&! 35 ;3'> '&/> 55 35 + 5 3>5 5& 34? 5 =&. ,1 W35 +=5 5& +=&'?'5+ +3'> 3' +& &+=354 +! 53+ + ?&+ '&5 +* 5 =4&'5 53 ;5' 5 '? =5353&' + 53+ 4 3&+ ??353&'4 & & '&5 & &  &='+53&' & 3''53* +334 5& 5 &3++3&'-;+? =4&+ 3* + &'5=45? 3' A534 <7 () & 5 L;& C&?! 5/+: W> =3? 5& ' =4& +44 ' 5 /'53&' & '3'>! &* ?+3>'5?! =;4 & ;3'> =++? 3' 5+ & &'! ?6e-6er :i;e, (r ascer-aine, (n a -i5e1 -as1 piece1 (r c(55issi(n 8asis1 (r (-6er 5e-6(, (: calc2la-in -6e sa5e ! 3 3+ =;4 ; ' =4& 5& ' =4& /'?  355' & /'355' &'55 & =4&'5 & &@ ?&' & 5& ; ?&'! & &  +*3+ '?? & 5& ; '?? '? 3'4/?+ 5 3 '? +&';4 *4/! + ?53'? ; 5 S5 & L;&! & ;&?! 4&?>3'>! & &5 34353+ /+5&34 /'3+? ; 5 =4& 5& 5 =4&.    (E=+3+ '? /'?+&3'> +/==43?)! R+=&'?'5+  3' 5 ? +/;5 5& =5353&'-&+=354+ C&? & E53+! ,2 5 =&*3+3&'+ &  3 &* ?3'3+553* '? ?3+3=43' +/+ &' '>43>' & ?/53+! =+&''4 &'?/5 '?  ;*3&! '? &'++ >3'+5 =+&'+! =&=5 '? 5 &+=354+ 3'5+5. M& 3=&5'54! =5353&' 35+4 =&*3?? 3'&'5&*53;4 =&& & 5 =4&'5 +55/+ &  +=&'?'5+! '4! 5 3?'53353&' ?+ 35 3++/? 5! 5 =+43=+ ,,'? BIR W-2 ('& 2,16) F&+ 3 45 53 +55/+ + =4&+! '? 5 4++3353&' + +4 & 53 /'53&'. M&&*! 35 '&44? +=&'?'5+ 3' 5 SSS '? M?3 (3445) =&>. I5 ;+ '&53'> 5 53+  /'5/ 55 '?5& &*> /'? 5 SSS L ," 3+ =3+? &' 5 3+5' & ' =4&=4& 453&'+3=!, =5 3' ++ & &=/4+& &*> & 5 +4-=4&?. I5 &/4? ;  ==&+5&/+ & ' =4& 5& =&5 53' =+&'+ + =4&+ '? = 53 SSS =3/+ + 44 + 53 >+ 3 5  '&5 35+ =4&+. ,6 F3'44! /'? S53&' 1! R/4  & B&&@ III & 5  Implementin# $ules of t%e Labor Code ! ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+5+ ;5' 5 +3?'5 =+33'+ '? 5 53'3'> &+=354+! /'4++ 5 3+  53'3'> >'5 ;5' 5! '? 5 53'3'> =&> 3+ ?/4 ?35? & ==&*? ; 5 ==&=35 >&*''5 >'. I' +=&'?'5+ +! 5  '&5 /'?>&3'> ' +=34353&' 53'3'>. T  &'+3?? '&'-53'3'> >'4 =5353&'+!,7 ++3>'? 5 5 >' &&+ '? ? +53&'+.

Page26of153

Escasinas e- al *s. S6anrila Mac-an Islan, Res(rGR N( %0//301 Marc6 41 3&& Fac-s R>3+5? '/++ #&3 D. E++3'+ '? E*' R3>& S3'>& (=5353&'+)  '>>? 3' 1<<< '? 1<<6! +=53*4! ; D. #++3 #& R. =35& (+=&'?'5 ?&5&) 5& &@ 3'  43'3 5 +=&'?'5 S'>3-4+ M5' I+4'? R+&5 (S'>3-4) 3' C;/ & 3 + +  53'?  =+33'. I' 45 2002! =5353&'+ 34? 35 5 N53&'4 L;& R453&'+ C&3++3&' (NLRC) R>3&'4 A;3553&' B' N&. VII (NLRC-RAB N&. VII)  &=43'5 1 & >/4353&'! /'?='5 &  >+! '&'-='5 & &43? =! '3>5 +35 ?3'534 '? 1,5 &'5 = ?3'534 >3'+5 +=&'?'5+! 433'> 55 5  >/4 =4&+ & S'>3-4. T + + ?&@5? + RAB C+ N&. 07-11-20<-02. S'>3-4 43?! &*! 55 =5353&'+  '&5 35+ =4&+ ;/5 & +=&'?'5 ?&5& & 35 53'? *3 M&'?/ & A>'5 (MOA) 2 =/+/'5 5& A534 17 & 5 L;& C&?! + '??. R+=&'?'5 ?&5& &  =5 43? 55 =5353&'+  4? &@3'> & 5 =*3&/+ 53'? =+33'+ & S'>3-4 ;& + + 53'? ; S'>3-4 '? 55 + 3'53'?  =5353&'+ +*3+ /=&' 53 K/+5.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 3+5+ ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=

Hel, T +&4/53&' & 5 + 3'>+! 3' 5 3'! &' 5 &5 3'5=553&' & A5. 17 *3+  *3+ A5. 20 '? 5 =&*3+3&'+ &' =3++3;4 &; &'553'> & 5 L;& C&?! + '??. T C&/5 &4?+ 55! &'5 5& =5353&'+ =&+5/453&'! Ar-. %<0 ,(es n(- re2ire -6e

enae5en- (: :2ll+-i5e n2rses as re2lar e5pl(9ees (: a c(5pan9 e5pl(9in n(- less -6an <& ?(rers. I' ++ & ?&/+ &@=4+! '& =4& +44 '>> 5 +*3+ &  =+33' & ?'53+5 & ''&5 +5 3' 5 =3++ & 5 +5;43+'5 & 5 4+5 5& (2) &/+! 3' 5 + & 5&+ '>>? &' =5-53 ;+3+! '? '&5 4++ 5' 3>5 () &/+ 3' 5 + & 5&+ =4&? &' /44-53  ;+3+. W 5 /'?5@3'> 3+ '&'?&/+ 3' '5/! 5 =+33' '? ?'53+5  ; '>>? &' 53'? ;+3+! +/;5 5& +/ >/453&'+ + 5 S5 & L;&  =+3; 5& 3'+/ 3?35 *34;3435 & ?34 '? ?'54 55'5 '? 55'?' 3' + & >'. (E=+3+ '? /'?+&3'> +/==43?) U'? 5 &>&3'> =&*3+3&'! S'>3-4! 3 =4&+ & 5' 200 &@+! 3+ '?5? 5& /'3+ 35+ =4&+ 35 5 +*3+ &  /44-53 >3+5? '/+!  =5-53 =+33' '? ?'53+5! '? ' >' 43'3 3 '+ 55 35 +&/4? =&*3? & @ *34;4 +/ ?34 '? 443? +*3+ 5& 35+ =4&+! '&5 '++34 5& 3 & =4&  +*3 =&*3?. A+ 4? 3' 343==3' G4&;4 C&/'353&'+ *+. D V:

Page27of153 T 5 /44-53 3' A5. 17 ''&5 ; &'+5/? + 3'> 5& 5 5= & =4&'5 & 5  =+&' '>>? 5& =&*3? 5 +*3+! & A534 17 /+5 '&5 ; ? 4&'>+3? A5. 20 < 3' &? 5& *+5 =4&-=4& 453&'+3= &' 5 =4& '? 5 =+&' +& '>>?. S& D V 5+:    F&!  5@ 35 55 ' >'5  =&*3? 55 &' =5 +44 '? +*3+ & '? 3'  ;4 & '&5! '& 55 & '++ & 5 455+ ;/+3'++! e*en ?i-6(2- 8ein 6ire, as an e5pl(9ee. T3+ +5-/= 3+ =3+4 5/ 3' 5 + & ' 3'?='?'5 &'55&+3= + 44 + 3' ' >' >'5. I'??! A534 20 & 5 L;& C&?! K/&5? ; 5 ==445 &/5! 3+ '&5 5 ?+53@ & ?53'3'> 5 3+5' & ' =4&'5 453&'+3=. A+ 35 3+! 5 =&*3+3&' 4 ?3+53'>/3++ ;5' 5& (2) @3'?+ & =4&+! i.e.! >/4 '? +/4.    10 (E=+3+ '? /'?+&3'> +/==43?) T =+ +*3+ &  /44-53 >3+5? '/+ +&/4? 5/+ ; 5@' 5&  5& 5 @3'? &  +*3+ 55 5 '/+ 344 '? 3' 5 &='+ =3++ '? 5& 35+ =4&+! '&5 5 '' & 3+ '>>'5. A+ 5& 5 +=&'?'5 ?&5& ' ; &'+3??  4>3535 3'?='?'5 &'55&! 5 =53''5 +53&'+ & DOLE D=5'5 O? N&. 10! +3+ & 1<<7! 344/3'5:

Sec. /. Jo contracting .  J T 3+ &; &'553'> =3++3;4 /'? 5 C&? 3 5 &44&3'> &'?353&'+  5: (1) T &'55& 3+ &' ' 3'?='?'5 ;/+3'++ '? /'?5@+ 5 &'55 &@ &' 3+ &' &/'5 /'? 3+ &' +=&'+3;3435 &?3'> 5& 3+ &' '' '? 5&?!  & 5 &'5&4 '? ?353&' & 3+ =4& & =3'3=4 3' 44 55+ &''5? 35 5 =&' & 5 &@ =5 + 5& 5 +/45+ 5& '? (2) T &'55& + +/;+5'534 =354 & 3'*+5'5 3' 5 & & 5&&4+! K/3='5! 3'3+! &@ =3++! '? &5 534+ 3  '++ 3' 5 &'?/5 & 3+ ;/+3'++.

Sec. . Laor!only contracting . J () A' =+&' & /'?5@+ 5& +/==4 &@+ 5& ' =4&  +44 ; ?? 5& ; '>>? 3' 4;&-&'4 &'553'>  +/ =+&': (1) D(es n(- 6a*e s28s-an-ial capi-al (r in*es-5en- in -6e :(r5 (: -((ls1 e2ip5en-1 5ac6ineries1 ?(r pre5ises an, (-6er 5a-erials  '? (2) T6e ?(rers recr2i-e, an, place, 89 s2c6 pers(ns are per:(r5in ac-i*i-ies ?6ic6 are

,irec-l9 rela-e, -( -6e principal 82siness (r (pera-i(ns (: -6e e5pl(9er in ?6ic6 ?(rers are 6a8i-2all9 e5pl(9e,. (;) L;&-&'4 &'553'> + ?3'? 3' 3+ ; =&3;35? '? 5 =+&' 53'> + &'55&  +44 ; &'+3?? 4 + ' >'5 & 3'5?3 & 5 =4& & +44 ; +=&'+3;4 5& 5 &@+ 3' 5 + '' '? 5'5 + 3 5 455  ?354 =4&? ; 3. () F& ++ '&5 443'> /'? 53+ A534! 5 S5 & L;& +44 ?53' 5&/> ==&=35 &?+ 5 & '&5 5 &'553'> &/5 & 4;& 3+ =3++3;4 3' 5 43>5 & 5 3/+5'+ &  + '? 5 &'+3?3'> 5 &=53'> '?+ & 5 =4& '? 5 3>5+ &  5 &@+ 3'*&4*?. I' +/ +!   =+3; &'?353&'+ '? +5353&'+ 5& 3'+/ 5 =&553&' '? 4 & 5 &@+. (E=+3+ +/==43?)

Page28of153 T 3+5' & ' 3'?='?'5 '? =3++3;4 &'55& 453&'+3= 3+ >'44 +5;43+? ; &'+3?3'> 5 &44&3'> ?53''5+: 5 5 &'55& 3+ 3'> &' ' 3'?='?'5 ;/+3'++ 5 '5/ '? 5'5 & 5 &@ 5 +@344 K/3? 5 5 '? ?/53&' & 5 453&'+3= 5 3>5 5& ++3>' 5 =&' &  +=33? =3 & &@ 5 &'5&4 '? +/=*3+3&' & 5 &@ 5& '&5 5 =4&+ =& 35 +=5 5& 5 33'>! 33'> '? ='5 & 5 &'55&+ &@+ 5 &'5&4 & 5 =3++ 5 ?/5 5& +/==4 5 =3++! 5&&4+! ==43'+! 534+ '? 4;& '? 5 &?! '' '? 5+ & ='5.11 A>3'+5 5 ;&*-43+5? ?53''5+! 5 C&/5 &4?+ 55 +=&'?'5 ?&5& 3+  4>3535 3'?='?'5 &'55&. T5 S'>3-4 =&*3?+ 5 43'3 =3++ '? ?34 +/==43+ & /+ & 35+ =4&+ '? >/+5+ ?&+ '&5 '++34 =&* 55 +=&'?'5 ?&5& 4@+ +/;+5'534 =354 '? 3'*+5'5. B+3?+! 5 3'5'' &  43'3 '? =&*3+3&' & ?34 +*3+ 5& 35+ =4&+ 3+ K/3? /'? A5. 17! 3  '&5 ?354 45? 5& S'>3-4+ =3'3=4 ;/+3'++ J &=53&' &  &54+ '? +5/'5+. A+ 5& ='5 & >+! +=&'?'5 ?&5& 3+ 5 &' & /'?35+ 5 &44&3'>: +43+! SSS &'53;/53&'+ '? &5 ;'35+ & 5 +5 1, >&/= 43! >&/= =+&'4 3?'5 3'+/' '? 43?5 3'+/'1" & 5 +5 35 3'3/ ;'35 =;4 5 12 53+ 5 =4&+ 4+5 ?' +4! + 44 + *4/ ??? 5+ '? 35&4?3'> 5+! +&/? &  60!000.00 &'54 53'  '? 70 + & 5 +*3 >+ & S'>3-4+ >/+5+ & *34 & 5 43'3 +*3+. I5 3+ /'43@4 55 +=&'?'5 ?&5& &/4? =&5 =5353&'+ + &@+! = 53 SSS =3/ + 44 + 53 >+ 3 5  '&5 3'??  =4&+. 1 W35 +=5 5& 5 +/=*3+3&' '? &'5&4 & 5 '/++ '? 43'3 +5! 35 3+ '&5 ?3+=/5? 55  ?&/'5! C43'3 &433+ '? E=4& M'/4 16 43? 5& * ;' ==? ; +=&'?'5 ?&5&  3+5+! 5& 3 =5353&'+ >* 53 &'&35 17 '? 3' 3 5 @'&4?>? 53 &-53'/+ =4&'5 +55/+. I5 3+ 5/+ =+/? 55 +3? ?&/'5! '? '&5 5 =4& '/4 ;3'> &44&?  ; S'>3-4+ >/4 &@+! >&*'+ & 5 =& 53 +=53* 5+@+ '? +=&'+3;34353+.

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Gre(ri( . T(n( *s. T6e Man2:ac-2rer Li:e Ins2rance C( =P6ils> In e-. al GR N( %@0@331 '2ne 31 3&%& Fac-s T &'55/4 453&'+3= ;5' T&'>@& '? M'/43 ? 5& ;+3 =++. T 3+5 & 3'3534  =+ ;>' &' #/4 1! 1<77! /'?  C A>'5+ A>'5 (A>'5) 55 =&*3??: I5 3+ /'?+5&&? '? >? 55 5 A>'5 3+ ' 3'?='?'5 &'55& '? '&53'> &'53'? 3' +44 ; &'+5/? & 3'5=5? + 53'> ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' 5 C&=' '? 5 A>'5. T +&'? =+ +55? 3' 1<, ' T&'>@& + '? U'35 M'> 3' M'/43+ S4+ A>' O>'353&'. I' 1<<0!  ;  B' M'>. S3 + 45 (& 3' 1<<6)! T&'>@&  ;  R>3&'4 S4+ M'> ." I' 2001! M'/43 3'+535/5? '=& ?*4&='5 =&>+ 5 5 >3&'4 +4+ '>'5 4*4. R+=&'?'5 R'5& V>4 ? D3&+ &5 T&'>@&  455 ?5? N&*; 6! 2001 &' &''+ 55  ;&/>5 /= ?/3'> 5 O5&; 1! 2001 M5& N&5 S4+ M'>+ M53'>. T 3++/+ &/'? >'5 /353'>  '54 5& 5 3'5'?? &;53*+ ' 5 '? &  S'3&  M'>+ 53'> 43 4+5 &'5 ' *3' OC&''&! SV-A>'! 5&&@ 5& 5 4&& 5& ?53' & &/ +'3& >' 4?+ 5 & &/4? ; ?&' 5& ;&4+5 '=& ?*4&='5. A5 43 53'>+! *3' ? =+'5? 3'&53&'  *3?'54! &/ R>3&' + 5 4&+5  =& (&'  = M'> ;+3+) 3' 5+ & /353'> 3' 2000 '?! + & 5&?! &'53'/+ 5& 3' &' & 5 4>>?+ 3' 53+ . O' &/'5 5&! M'>'5 3+ 3+3'> 35+ =&>53* /'? S53&' 1" & &/ A>'5+ C&'55 +   '& 3++/3'> 53+ '&53 & 53'53&' & &/ A>' A>'5 35 /+ 53* 35' ?+ & 5 ?5 & 53+ 455.7 T&'>@& +=&'?? ; 343'> ' 344>4 ?3+3++4 &=43'5 35 5 N53&'4 L;& R453&'+ C&3++3&' (NLRC) A;3553&' B'. H ++'5344 44>? J ?+=35 5 4 5+ & 5 455  53'53'> 3+ A>' A>'5 J 55  + M'/43+ =4& ;&  + 344>44 ?3+3++?.

Iss2e W5 5 3+ 5 3+5' & ' =4&'5 453&'+3=

Hel, T5 T&'>@& ++/?  4?+3= &4 ;/5 '*54++ &44 3'? ' >'5 3+ 5 3'*35;4 &'4/+3&' 55 +/45+ & 5 ?3'> & 5 A>'5 (5 &'4 >'5 &' &? 3' 53+ +) '? 3+ &'53'/3'> &4 5/'? + +4+ >'5! & 5 =+=53* & 5 I'+/' '? 5 C3*34 C&?+ '? 3' 43>5 & 5 T&'>@& 3+4 55+5? 5& + 3+ &4 + R>3&'4 S4+ M'>. T& ; +/! 53+ 3'5=553&' &/4? * ;' &'5?35? 3 &5 >'5+ ? ;' +/;355? + *3?' & 5 453&'+3= ;5' M'/43 '? T&'>@& &' 5 455+ ='??

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Se58lan-e e- al.1 *s. C(2r- (: Appeals1 e- al. G.R. N(. %@43@ A22s- %<1 3&%% Fac-s 5353&'+ M533& S;4'5 (S;4'5) '? D/;3@ 34 (34) ++5 55 5  3? ; +=&'?'5+-+=&/++ V3'5 '? M3 L/3+ L&&5! 5 &'+ & Gallera de Mandaue (5 &@=35)! + 5 &334 masiador '? sentenciador,+=53*4! & 5 &@=35 +&53 3' 1<<,. A+ 5 masiador, S;4'5 44+ '? 5@+ 5 ;5+ & 5 >&@ &'+ '? &5 ;55&+ '? &?+ 5 +55 & 5 &@3>5. H 4+& ?3+53;/5+ 5 3''3'>+ 5 ??/53'> 5  arriba! & 5 &3++3&' & 5 &@=35. M'34! + 5 sentenciador, 34 &*++ 5 =&= >3'> & 3>53'> &@+! ?53'+ 5 3>53'> &@+ =+34 &'?353&' '? =;34353+ 5& &'53'/ 5 &@3>5! '? *'5/44 ?4+ 5 +/45 & 5 &@3>5. T &@ * T/+?! W?'+?! S5/?! '? S/'? * @! 4/?3'> &'54 ?;3+ '? &@3>5+ 4? &' +=34 &43?+. T3 &@3'> ?+ +55 5 1:00 =.. '? 4+5 /'534 12:00 3?'3>5! & /'534 5 4 &/+ & 5 &'3'> ?='?3'> &' 5 '?+ & 5 &@=35. 5353&'+ ?  ;&5 ;' 3++/? =4&+ 3?'53353&' ?+ 55 5  * 53 5 =&5 & ?/5. T 44>? '* *3'> 3'/? ' 3'53&' '?& *3&453&' & 5 &@=35 /4+ '? >/453&'+. O' N&*; 1"! 200,! &*! =5353&'+  ?'3? '5 3'5& 5 &@=35 /=&' 5 3'+5/53&'+ & +=&'?'5+! '?  3'&? & 5 53'53&' & 53 +*3+ 53* 55 ?5. T3+ =&=5? =5353&'+ 5& 34  &=43'5 & 344>4 ?3+3++4 >3'+5 +=&'?'5+. L;& A;35 #/43 C. R'?&K/ &/'? =5353&'+ 5& ; >/4 =4&+ & +=&'?'5+ + 5  =&? &@ 55 + '++ '? 3'?3+='+;4 5& 5 /+/4 5? & ;/+3'++ & +=&'?'5+ &  '/; & +. T L;& A;35 4+& /4? 55 =5353&'+  344>44 ?3+3++?! '? +& &?? +=&'?'5+ 5& = =5353&'+ 53 ;@>+ '? +=53&' =. T +=&'?'5+ 34? ' A==4 ?/3'> 5 10-? ==4 =3&? ;/5 + /';4 5& =&+5  + &  +/5 ;&'?. T/+ & ' /'=5? ==4 5 NLRC ?3+3++? 5 +. I5 + &'4 &' O5&; 11! 2006 5  ;4 5& =&+5 ;&'? ?5? O5&; 6! 2006. T NLRC /4? &' 5 M&53&' &  R&'+3?53&' 45&/> 5 + ;45? 343'> & 5 + & +/5 ;&'?. T NLRC 4? 3' 35+ R+&4/53&' & O5&; 1! 2006 55 5 + '& =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' =5353&'+ '? +=&'?'5+! +=&'?'5+ *3'> '& =5 3' 5 +453&' '? '>>'5 & =5353&'+! '? 55 '& +=5 3'?3*3?/4 &'55 35 +=&'?'5+ + * /5? ; =5353&'+.

Iss2es W5 & '&5 5 A==4 + ;' =5? *' 5  ;45? 343'> & 5 + & +/5 ;&'?. W5 & '&5 5 + ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' 5 =5353&' '? +=&'?'5.

Hel, T3 '? >3'! &*! 53+ C&/5! &'+3?3'> 5 +/;+5'534 35+ & 5 +! + 4? 53+ /4 &'! '? /+? 5 45 =&+53'> &! 5 ==4 ;&'? ' 5  +5&'> '? &=443'> +&'+ & 5 43;435! +/ + 5 =*'53&' & 3+3> & /+53 5'5 3' 5 + & 5 +=34 3/+5'+ 3' 5 + &;3'? 35 35+ 4>4 35+ & 5 &/'5 '? 5 3++/ 3'*&4*?. A5 44! 5'34 /4+ ''&5 =*'5 &/5+ & 3+3'> 53 ?/53+ 5& ?53' '? +554! K/35;4 '? &=454! 5 3>5+ '? &;43>53&'+ & 5 =53+. T3+ 3+ &' +  5 =53&' 5& 5 >'4 /4 43+. W34 +=&'?'5+ ? 34? 5& =&+5 53 ;&'? 353' 5 10-? =3&? =&*3?? ;&*! 35 3+ *3?'5! &' 5 &5 '?! 55 =5353&'+  NOT =4&+ & +=&'?'5+! +3' 53 453&'+3= 34+ 5& =++ /+5 5 &/-&4? 5+5 & =4&'5 W * =5?4 '53&'? 3' &/'54++ ?3+3&'+: (1) 5 +453&' '? '>>'5 & 5 =4& (2) 5 ='5 & >+ (,) 5 =& &  ?3+3++4 '? (") 5 =& 5& &'5&4 5 =4&+ &'?/5! 3 3+ 5 &+5 3=&5'5 4'5. A+ &/'? ; ;&5 5 NLRC '? 5 CA! +=&'?'5+ ? '& =5 3' =5353&'+ +453&' '? '>'5 =5353&'+ &='+53&' + =3? &/5 & 5  arriba (3 3+  ='5> ??/5? &

Page31of153 5 5&54 ;5+)! '&5 ; =5353&'+ '? =5353&'+ =&? 53 /'53&'+ + masiador '? sentenciador  & 5 ?353&' '? &'5&4 & +=&'?'5+. I' 5 &'?/5 & 53  &@! =5353&'+ 43? 3'4 &' 53 =53+ 55 3+ 53+53 & 5 &@3>5 >;43'>! '?  '* >3*' ; +=&'?'5+ ' 5&&4 '?? & 5 =&' & 53 &@. R+=&'?'5+! 5&! &/4? '* * ;' 344>44 ?3+3++? +3' 5  '&5 =4&+ &  5 +=&'?'5+.

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'(se Mel Bernar-e *s. P6ilippine Base-8all Ass(cia-i(n =PBA>1 '(se E55an2el Eala1 an, Perr9 Mar-ine) G.R. N(. %3&/4. Sep-e58er %41 3&%% Fac-s C&=43''5+ (#&+ M4 B'5 '? R'5& G/*) * 55 5  3'*35? 5& &3' 5 BA + +. D/3'> 5 5 & C&3++3&' E4! &*! '>+  ? &' 5  5+ & 53 =4&'5. B'5! & 3'+5'! + '&5 ? 5& +3>'  &'55 ?/3'> 5 3+5 &'' & 5 A44-F343=3'& C/= 3 + & F;/ 2,! 200, 5& #/' 200,. I5 + &'4 ?/3'> 5 +&'? &'' '  + ? 5& +3>'  &' '?  4 &'5 &'55 &  5 =3&? #/4 1 5& A/>/+5 ! 200,. O' #'/ 1! 200"! B'5 3*?  455 & 5 O3 & 5 C&3++3&' ?*3+3'> 3 55 3+ &'55 &/4? '&5 ; '? 353'> 3+ /'+53+5& =&' &' '? & 5 &/5. O' 5 &5 '?! &=43''5 G/* 44>+ 55  + 3'*35? 5& &3' 5 BA =&&4 & + 3' F;/ 2001! '? +3>'?  &'55 +  53' &' M 1! 2001. B>3''3'> 2002!  +3>'?  4 &'55 + R>/4  C4++ C . O' M 6! 200,! +=&'?'5 M53' 3++/?  &'?/ 5& G/* =++3'> ?3++53+53&' &* 3+ K/+53&'3'> &' 5 ++3>''5 & + &3353'> &/5-&5&' >+. B>3''3'> F;/ 200"!  + '& 4&'> ? 5& +3>'  &'55. R+=&'?'5+ * 55 &=43''5+  '&5 344>44 ?3+3++? ;/+ 5  '&5 =4&+ & 5 BA. ,1 M 200 D3+3&'! 5 L;& A;35 ?4? =5353&' ' =4& &+ ?3+3++4  ; +=&'?'5+ + 344>4! &?3'> 3'+55'5 & =5353&' '? 5 ='5 & ;@>+! &4 '? =4 ?>+! '? 55&'+ +. 2 #'/ 200 D3+3&'! 5 NLRC 3? 5 L;& A;35+ /?>'5. T C&/5 &  A==4+ &/'? =5353&' ' 3'?='?'5 &'55& +3' +=&'?'5+ ?3? '&5 3+ ' & & &'5&4 &* 5 '+ '? 5&?+ ; 3 =5353&' =&? 3+ &@ +  ;+@5;44 .

Iss2es W5 =5353&' 3+ ' =4& & +=&'?'5+! 3 3' 5/' ?53'+ 5   =5353&' + 344>44 ?3+3++? W5 5 L;& A;35+ ?3+3&' + ;& 3'4 '? /5& & 34/ &  +=&'?'5+ 5& ==4 35 5 NLRC 353' 5 >4'5 =3&?

R2lin SC 3? CA+ ?3+3&'. 5353&' 34? 5& =+'5 ' &'5 =&& + 5& &! ' '? 5& & 5 ?43* '? 3=5 & 5 5 '&53+ 3++/? ; 5 =&+5 &3 + ?. T 3++/' & 5 '&53+ ; 5 =&+5 &3 3+ '&5 K/3*4'5 5& ?43* 5& '? 3=5 ; 5 ??++ & 5 >3+5? 34. T 3+ '& &'4/+3* *3?' +&3'> 55 5 =&+5 &3 '&53+  5/44 3*? ; +=&'?'5+! '>53'> =5353&'+ 43 & &'+5/53* +*3 & 5 L;& A;35+ ?3+3&' &' +=&'?'5+. T &+5+5+ C53353&' ?&+ '&5 +/33'54 =&* 55 5 5 '&53+  ?43*? 5& '? 3*? ; +=&'?'5+ 35 &'4 3'?35+ 55 5 =&+5 &3 3++/? 5 5 '&53+. T '?+ & /+53 344 ;  ;55 +*? 3  +&4* 5 3'+5'5 + &' 5 35+ 5 5' 44&3'> 5 +/;+5'534 3++/ &  5 =5353&' 3+ ' 3'?='?'5 &'55& & ' =4& 43'> '? 3' /'+554? ?/ 5&  =&?/4 5'34353+. W > 35 +=&'?'5+ 55 &' 3' 5 =43'> &/5! 5 + 3+ 53 &' 3'?='?'5 /?>'5! ;+? &' 5 /4+ & 5 >! + 5& ' '? &  44 & ?3+3&' 3+ 5& ; ?. R+=&'?'5+ & ' & 5 BA &3+ ''&5 '? ?& '&5 ?53' 3 44+ 5& @ & '&5 5& @ '? ''&5 &'5&4 5  '  ;4&+ 5 3+54 ;/+ +/ /5&35 4/+3*4  ;4&'>+ 5& 5 +. 5353&' 3+ K/3? 5& =&5 & &@ &'4 ' BA >+  +?/4? &  5 53+  @ 5 5& &/+ = >. I' ??353&'! 5  '& ??/53&'+ & &'53;/53&'+ 5& 5 S&34 S/35 S+5! 3445 & >-I;3>! 3  5 /+/4 ??/53&'+ & =4&+ +43+.

Page33of153 T+ /'?3+=/5? 3/+5'+ ;/55++ 5 5 55 =5353&' 3+ ' 3'?='?'5 &'55&! '? '&5 ' =4& & +=&'?'5+. F&  3? =5 5& ; &'+3?? ' =4&! 5 33'> =5 /+5 * &'5&4 &* 5 '+ '? 5&?+ ; 3 5 3? =5 3+ 5& =& 3+ &@! 3 3+ ;+'5 3' 53+ +. T &'53'/&/+ 33'> ; BA & =5353&' +3=4 +3>'33+ 5 '4 & 5 &'55  ;5' BA '? =5353&'! '? 3>43>5+ 5 +53+5& +*3+ '?? ; =5353&' '53'> +/ &'55 '4. T '&'-'4 & 5 &'55 ;5' 5 =53+ ?&+ '&5 &'+535/5 344>4 ?3+3++4 & =5353&' ; +=&'?'5+.

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Cesar Liri( *s. !il5er Gen(*ia G.R. N(. %@0<0. N(*e58er 3"1 3&%% Fac-s #/4 3'+5 =5353&' C+ L33& '?&  C4@& A? S&'33 R&?3'> S5/?3& & 344>4 ?3+3++4! '&'-='5 & &3++3&' '? ? &  &4 '? =4 ?>+. H + =4&? 5& '> '? &=5 C4@& '? 5& =&&5 '? +44 5 &?3'> +5/?3&+ +*3+ 5& /+3 '5/+3+5+ '? &5 =&+=53* 43'5+. H 3*?  &'54 +4 & 7!000.00. T 4+& >? 55  + '5354? 5& ' ??353&'4 &3++3&' & 100.00 =  &/ + &?3'> 5'33' '*  43'5 /++ 5 +5/?3& & &?3'>! ?353'> & ' 45? &@. H + ? 5& =&5 & &@ & M&'? 5& F3? & <:00 .. 5& 6 =.. O' S5/?+!  + K/3? 5& &@ 4-? &'4! ;/5 &+5 & 5 53!  +5344 '?? 3>5 &/+ & &@ & &. R+=&'?'5 +55? 55   ?+ 5  +55? &@3'> +  +5/?3& '>! =5353&'  ==&? 3 '? 5&4? 3 ;&/5 3+ =&5 5& =&?/ ' 4;/ & 3+ 1--&4? ?/>5. 5353&' +@? +=&'?'5 5& &=&+ '? '> +&'>+ & C43' '? =&3+? 55  (L33&) &/4? ?5  &'55 5& ++/ +=&'?'5 & 3+ &='+53&' & +/ +*3+. 5353&' 45 3'&? +=&'?'5 55  + &'4 '5354? 5& 5 20 & 5 '5 =&35 '? 55 5 +43+  3*? &/4?  ; ??/5? & 5 +3? 20 '5 =&35 +. R+=&'?'5 &;5? 5' =5353&' *;44 53'5? 5 &+ +*3+ '? 3'+5/5? 5 + '&5 5& =&5 & &@. O' O5&; ,1! 200,! L;& A;35 R'4?& O. H''? '??  ?3+3&'! 3'?3'> 55 ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+5? ;5' =5353&' '? +=&'?'5! '? 55 +=&'?'5 + 344>44 ?3+3++?. I'  R+&4/53&' ?5? O5&; 1"! 200"! 5 NLRC *+? '? +5 +3? 5 ?3+3&' & 5 L;&  A;35. NLRC 4? 55 +=&'?'5 34? 5& =&*? 35 +/;+5'534 *3?' 55  + +45? '? '>>? ; =5353&'! 55 =5353&' ? 5 =& 5& ?3+3++ 3! '? 55 5 ? 5 =& 5& &'5&4 3 '&5 &'4 + 5& 5 +/45 & 3+ &@! ;/5 4+& + 5& 5 '+ '? 5&?+ & &=43+3'> 3+ &@. O' A/>/+5 "! 200! 5 C&/5 & A==4+ '??  ?3+3&' *+3'> '? +553'> +3? 5 +&4/53&' & 5 NLRC! '? 3'+553'> 5 ?3+3&' & 5 L;& A;35! 35 &?3353&' 3' >? 5& 5 ? & &3++3&' '? ?>+. T C&/5 & A==4+ ?45? 5 ? & &3++3&' '? &4 '? =4 ?>+ + 5 +  '&5 +/;+5'535?.

Iss2e W5 5 3+5? ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' =5353&' '? +=&'?'5! '? 5 ?3+3++4 & +=&'?'5 3+ 344>4.

R2lin SC 3? CA+ ?3+3&'. I5 3+ +554? 55 '& =53/4 & & *3?' 3+ K/3? 5& =&* 5 3+5' & ' =4&=4& 453&'+3=. A' &=5'5 '? 4*'5 *3?' 5& =&* 5 453&'+3=  ; ?355?. I' 53+ +! 5 ?&/'5 *3?' =+'5? ; +=&'?'5 5& =&* 55  + ' =4& & =5353&'  + &44&+: ()  ?&/'5 ?'&3'5? + =&44 (?5? #/4 ,1! 2001 5& M 1! 2002) certified correct by petitioner ! 3 +&? 55 +=&'?'5 3*?  &'54 +4 & 7!000.00 (,!00.00 * 15 & 5 &'5 '? '&5 ,!00.00 * ,05 & 5 &'5) 35 5 &+=&'?3'> ??/53&'+ ?/ 5& ;+'+ 3'/? ; +=&'?'5 '? (2) &=3+ & =55 + *&/+! +&3'> 5 &/'5+  3*? '? +3>'? & 3' 5 =&44+. 5353&' 34? 5& =&* 55 3+ 453&'+3= 35 +=&'?'5 + &' & =5'+3=. S/ 43 + '&5 +/==&5? ; ' 355' >'5. T C&/5 >+ 35 5 C&/5 & A==4+ 55 5 *3?' =+'5? ; 5 =53+ +&? 55 ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+5? ;5' =5353&' '? +=&'?'5. I' 53'53&' ++! 5 ;/?' 3+ /=&' 5 =4& 5& +& ; +/;+5'534 *3?' 55 5 53'53&' + & 4/4 /+ '? *43?4 ?. A534 277 (;) & 5 L;& C&? =/5+ 5 ;/?' & 

Page35of153  =&*3'> 55 5 ?3+3++4 & ' =4& + &  *43? & /5&3? /+ &' 5 =4&! 35&/5 ?3+53'53&' 5 5 =4& ?35+ & ?&+ '&5 ?35 5 ?3+3++4. F& ' =4&+ ?3+3++4 5&  ; *43?! () 5 ?3+3++4 /+5 ; &  *43? /+! '? (;) 5 =4& /+5 ; &?? ?/ =&++. &?/4 ?/ =&++ K/3+ 5 =4& 5& /'3+ ' =4& 35 5& 355' '&53+ ;& 5 455 3+ ?3+3++?: (1) 5 '&53 5& ==3+ 5 =4& & 5 =53/4 5+ & &3++3&'+ & 3 3+ ?3+3++4 3+ +&/>5! 3 3+ 5 K/3*4'5 &  > '? (2) 5 '&53 3'&3'> 5 =4& & 3+ ?3+3++4! 5& ; 3++/? 5 5 =4& + ;' >3*' +&';4 &==&5/'35 5& '+ '? 5& ; ? &' 3+ ?'+. 5353&' 34? 5& &=4 35 5+ 4>4 K/3'5+ '! 5 C&/5 & A==4+ &54 3? 5 L;& A;35+ 3'?3'> 55 +=&'?'5 + 344>44 ?3+3++?.

Page36of153

C6arlie 'a( *s BBC Pr(,2c-s Sales Inc. G.R. N(. %@"0&&1 April %/1 3&%3 Fac-s 5353&' &? 5 &44&3'>: () BCC I?'53353&' C? (ID) 3++/? 5& 3 +553'> 3+ ' '? 3+ =&+353&' + &=5&44! '? ;3'> 3+ =35/! 3+ +3>'5/! '? 5 +3>'5/ & T (;)  =&44 & BCC & 5 =3&? & O5&; 1-1! 1<<6 55 =5353&' ==&*? + &=5&44 () *3&/+ ;344+ '? 3=5+ 45? 5& ='?35/+ & BCC ;3'> 5 +3>'5/ & =5353&' (?) *3&/+ @+ 3'> 5 +3>'5/+ & =5353&' '? T! '?! 3' +& @+! 5 +3>'5/ & =5353&' 4&' ()  &/5 &? +&3'> 55 5 3++/3'> &/5 &'+3?? =5353&'+ ID + =&& & 3+ =4&'5 35 BCC ()  455 & =5353&' ?5? M 1! 1<<7 5& 5 D=5'5 & #/+53 &' 3+ 343'> &  33'4 + & +5 >3'+5 T & '&'-='5 & >+ (>) 3?*35+ & +& =4&+ & BCC 55+53'> 55 =5353&' + 53 &-=4& 3' BCC '? ()  '&53 & 4 ?5? D; ! 1<< +&3'> 55 =5353&'! ;3'> ' =4& & BCC! 3*? 5 '&53 & 4 3' ;4 & BCC. B/5 +=&'?'5 &/'5? 5 *3?'+ =+'5? ; 5 =5353&' ; =&*3'> 55 C43 #& 3+ '&5 53 =4&! + SFC ? 3'+544? =5353&' + 35+ &=5&44 3' BCC 5& &*+ '? +/=*3+ SFC+ &4453&'+ '? 5 &/'5 & BCC 5& =&55 SFC+ 3'5+5 55 53 3++/' & 5 ID 5& =5353&'  + &'4 & 5 =/=&+ & 343553'> 3+ '5 3'5& 5 BCC =3++ 3' 453&' 5& 3+ &@ &  &*+3'> 5 3''34 &=53&'+ & BCC & SFC 55 5 ID +&/4? '&5 ; &'+3?? + *3?' &   =5353&'+ =4&'5 3' BCC 55 =5353&' /5? ' 3?*35 3' M 1<<6! +553'>! &'> &5+! 55  3+  CA =+'54 =4&? 5 SFC.

Iss2e WON 5 3+5 ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' 5 =5353&' '? +=&'?'5.

Hel, T S/= C&/5 4? 55 5 3+5 '& =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' 5 5& ;+? &' 5 3?*35+ ? ; 5 =5353&' 55  3+ ' =4& & SFC 5& &*+ '? +/=*3+ SFC+ &4453&'. M&&*! 3' ?53'3'> 5 =+' & ;+' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=! 5 C&/5 + &'+3+5'54 4&&@? & 5 &44&3'> 3'3?'5+! 5& 35: () 5 +453&' '? '>>'5 & 5 =4& (;) 5 ='5 & >+ () 5 =& & ?3+3++4 '? (?) 5 =4&+ =& 5& &'5&4 5 =4& &' 5 '+ '? 5&?+ ; 3 5 &@ 3+ &=43+?. T 4+5 4'5! 5 +&44? &'5&4 5+5! 3+ 5 &+5 3=&5'5 4'5.   I5 ' ; ??/? & 5 M 1<<6 3?*35 & =5353&' 55 +=&'?'5+ 44'>? 3+ /5&35 5& ?43* +& 1 @+ 5& SFC. C&'+3?3'> 55  &'5+5? +=&'?'5+ 44'> ;  =&3'53'> 5& 5 3+53'> '>'5+ ;5' BCC '? SFC! 35 +&/4? ; 4 55 +=&'?'5+ ?3? '&5 3+ 5 =& & &'5&4 &* 3! ;/+  5; 5? & 5 ;'35 '? 3' 5 3'5+5 &  SFC & 5' & BCC. I' ??353&'! =5353&' =+'5? '& ?&/'5 +553'> &5 5 5+ & 3+ =4&'5 ; BCC. T 34/ 5& =+'5 +/ >'5 &' 5+ & =4&'5  ; /'?+5'?;4 '? =5? 3  +  &&' & &?3' 4;& & &/4? '&5 &=?3 3+ =4&'5 ; ?'?3'> +/ ?&/'5 & 5 =4&! ;/5  '&5 +K/ 44 35 3+ 5/4 +55/+ +  3>4 ?/5?  =&++3&'4.

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LEGEND HOTEL =MANILA> *s. Real29( GR. N(. %<401 '2l9 %/1 3&%3 Fac-s R+=&'?'5 &@? +  =3'3+5 5 5 L>'? H&54+ T'>4 R+5/'5 35 ' 3'3534 5 & "00  =+&+ = '3>5 55 + >3*' 5& 3 5  '3>5+ =&' ;/5 3+ 5 ? 3'+ 5& 70 =+&+  = '3>5. D/3'> 3+ =4&'5!  &/4? '&5 &&+ 5 53 & =&'! 3 ? ;' 3? & 7:00= 5& 10:00= & 5 5& +3 53+  @. T R+5/'5 '> K/3? 3 5& &'& 35 5 *'/+ &53. H ? 4+& ;' +/;5? 5& 5 /4+ &' =4&+ =+'553&' @+ '? 35+!  =3*34> >'5? 5& &5 =4&+. M'34! 5 M'> ? '&533? 3 55 + &+5/553'> +/ 3+ +*3 +  =3'3+5 &/4? '& 4&'> ; K/3?. H ?3+=/5? 5 /+?! 3'+3+53'> 55 L>'? H&54 ? ;' 4/53*4 &=53'> + & 5 343'> & 3+ &=43'5! '? 55 5 4&++ & 3+ =4&'5 ? 3 ;3'> 3+ &=43'5. I' 35+ ?'+! 5 =5353&' ?'3? 5 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 35 +=&'?'5! 3'+3+53'> 55  ? ;' &'4  54'5 '>>? 5& =&*3? 43* /+3 5 L>'? H&54+ M?3+&' C& S&= & 5 &/+? &' 5& ?+  @ '? +55? 55 5 &'&3 3+3+ 55 ? 35 5 &/'5 &'+53'? '>'5 5& ?3+='+ 35 3+ +*3+.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 3+5? ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' 5 =53+. W5 & '&5 5 T3'53&' & =5353&' + *43?.

Hel, Y+. T 5&+ 55 ?53' 55 3++/ 3'4/? & + 5 =& 5& +45 5 =4&! &  =+ 5 =4&+ >+! & + 5 =& 5& ?3+3++ 5 =4&! '? & 3++ &'5&4 & 5 5&?+ '? +/45+ ; 3 5 &@ & 5 =4& 3+ &=43+?. A45&/> '& =53/4 & &  *3?' 3+ K/3? 5& =&* 5 3+5' & 5 453&'+3=! '? ' &=5'5 '? 4*'5 *3?' 5& =&* 5 453&'+3=  ; ?355?!  3'?3'> & 4*'5 *3?' 55  +&';4 3'? 3>5 =5 + ?K/5 5& /+53  &'4/+3&'. F3+5 & 44! =5353&' 5/44 34?? 5 =& & +453&' 5 5 53 35 '5? 3'5&  +*3 &'55. T =& & +453&' + 34 *3?'? ;! &'> &5+! 5 =++ 355' &'?53&' 5 +5/'5 '>! & 5 3'+ & +=&'?'5+ /'53&'. S&'?4! 5 +=&'?'5+ 54'5 +  &'+3?? + 3'4/?? 3' 5 5 > 3' 5 +'+ '? &'55 & 5 L;& C&?! >?4++ & & =5353&' &+ 5& ?+3>'5 5 /'53&'. T3?4! 5 =& & 5 =4& 5& &'5&4 5 &@ & 5 =4& 3+ &'+3?? 5 &+5 +3>'33'5 ?53''5 & 5 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. T3+ 3+ 5 +&-44? 5 &'5&4 5+5! '? 3+ =3+? &' 5 5 =+&' & & 5 +*3+  =&? +*+ 5 3>5 5& &'5&4  ;&5 5 '? 3*? '? 5 '' '? '+ /+? 5& 3* 55 '?. A *3 & 5 &?+ +&+! &*! 55 +=&'?'5 =&? 3+ &@ +  =3'3+5 /'? =5353&'+ +/=*3+3&' '? &'5&4. S=3344! =5353&'+ &'5&4 & ;&5 5 '? 3*? '? 5 '' '? '+ /+? 5& 3* 55 '? + ?&'+55? ; 5 &44&3'> 35: ) H &/4? '&5 &&+ 5 53 & 3+ =&'! 3  =5353&'+ ? 3? & 7:00= 5& 10:00=! 5 5& +3 53+  @ ;) H &/4? '&5 &&+ 5 =4 & 3+ =&' ) T +5/'5+ '> K/3? 3 5 53' 53+ 5& =& &'4 T>4&> +&'>+ & /+3! & ;&'> T>4&> 5& &'& 5& 5 F343=3'3' &53 '? ?) H + +/;5? 5& 5 /4+ &' =4&+ =+'553&' @ '? 35+!  =3*34> >'5? 5& &5 =4&+. L+54! 5  =5353&'+ ? 5 =& 5& ?3+3++ 5 +=&'?'5. T &'?/ 3'&3'> +=&'?'5 & 5 ?3+&'53'/' & 3+ +*3 ;/+ & 5 =+'5 ;/+3'++ & 3''34 &'?353&' & =5353&' +&? 55 5 455 ? 5 =& 5& ?3+3++ 3 & =4&'5. T 53'53&' & +=&'?'5 + ' =4& & 5 =5353&' + '&5 *43?. T =4& 

Page38of153 4+& 53'5 5 =4&'5 & ' =4& ?/ 5& 5 3'+54453&' & 4;&-+*3'> ?*3+! ?/'?'! 5''5 5& =*'5 4&+++ & 5 4&+3'> & ++53&' & &=53&' & 5 +5;43+'5 &  /'?5@3'> /'4++ 5 4&+3'> 3+ & 5 =/=&+ & 3/*'53'> 5 =&*3+3&'+ & 53+ T354! ; +*3'>  355' '&53 &' 5 &@+ '? 5 M3'3+5 & L;& '? E=4&'5 5 4+5 &' (1) &'5 ;& 5 3'5'?? ?5 5&. . I' + & 5''5 5& =*'5 4&+++ '? 3' ++ & 4&+/+ &  ++53&' & &=53&'+ & +5;43+'5 & /'?5@3'> '&5 ?/ 5& +3&/+ ;/+3'++ 4&+++ & 3''34 *++! 5 +=53&' = +44 ; K/3*4'5 5& &' (1) &'5 = & 5 4+5 &'-4 (12) &'5 = & *  & +*3! 3* 3+ 3>. A 53&' & 5 4+5 +3 (6) &'5+ +44 ; &'+3?? &' (1) &4 . I' 53'53&' ++! 5 ;/?' & =&*3'> 55 5 ?3+3++4 + &  *43? & /5&3? /+ +5+ /=&' 5 =4&. H! =5353&' ?3? '&5 +/;35 *3?' & 5 4&+++ 5& 35+ ;/+3'++ &=53&'+ '? 5 &'&3 *& 35 &/4? 5; 33''54 +/+53'. I5 &'4 43? 55 +=&'?'5+ 53'53&' + ?/ 5& 35+ =+'5 ;/+3'++3''34 &'?353&'. T3+ ; +55'5 44 +&5 & 5 '& 5& +&  *43? 5''5. H'! 5 SC &4?+ 55 5 + '& *43? /+ & 5 5''5 & +=&'?'5.

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T6e Ne? P6ilippine S9lan,ers1 Inc.1 *s. Daila G.R. N(. %<401 Sep-e58er 341 3&%3 Fac-s T +=&'?'5 + 3? + &'+/45'5 ; 5 =5353&'+ /'?  C&'55 & C&'+/45' S*3+ ?5? A=34 ,0! 1<<7. T5! 3'  455 ?5? A=34 15 & 5 ='5 & 3+ 53'5 ;'35+ =/+/'5 5& 5 C&4453* B>3'3'> A>'5. H3+ K/+5! &*! + '&5 5? /=&'. I'+5?!  + 53'5? & +*3 53* M 1! 2007. C&'+K/'54! +=&'?'5 34?  &=43'5 >3'+5 5 =5353&'+. R+=&'?'5 *?! &'> &5+! 55 5 &'+/45' &'55 +  + 5& ?=3* 3 & 5 ;'35+ & >/4353&'! 433'> 5& * ++/? 5+@+ '++ '? ?+3;4 3' 5 5? & ;/+3'++ & =5353&'+ '? /'?  53 ?35 &'5&4 '? +/=*3+3&'. O' 5 &5 '?! =5353&'+ ++5? 55 +=&'?'5 +  &'+/45'5 '? '&5 53 >/4  =4&. T 455 + '&5 3'4/?? 3' =5353&'+ =&44 '? =3?  3? &/'5 /'? 5 &'+/45' &'55. H + '&5 K/3? 5& &;+* >/4 &@3'> &/+ '? +  5& ?&=5 '+ '? 5&?+ 5& &=43+ 3+ 5+@ =5 + 5& 5 +/45+ & 5 &@ K/3? & 3. H'! '& =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+5? ;5' 5. M&&*! +=&'?'5 53'5? 3+ &'55 3'  455 ?5? A=34 153'> 3+ ?3+3++4

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 3+5? ' 344>4 ?3+3++4 ? ; 5 =5353&' >3'+5 5 +=&'?'5.

Hel, Y+. T 3++/ & 344>4 ?3+3++4 3+ =3+? &' 5 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. B+? &' 3'?3'>+! 5 + ' 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. F&44&3'> A534 27< & 5 L;& C&?! ' =4& & 3+ /'/+54 ?3+3++? & &@ 3+ '5354? 5& 3'+55'5 35&/5 4&++ & +'3&35 3>5+ '? &5 =3*34>+ '? 5& 3+ /44 ;@>+ &=/5? & 5 53  + 344>44 ?3+3++?. H&*! &'+3?3'> 55 +=&'?'5 D@34 + 53'5? &' M 1! 2007! & &' (1) ? =3& 5& 3+ &=/4+& 53'5 &' M 2! 2007! 3+ 3'+55'5 3+ '& 4&'> +3;4. A&?3'>4! 5 NLRC &54 4? 3 '5354? 5& 5 ='5 &  3+ 53'5 ;'35+ =/+/'5 5& 5 CBA. O' 5 &5 '?! 3+ ;@>+ +&/4? ; &=/5? &'4 & ?+ =3& 5& 3+ &=/4+& 53'5 3 3' 53+ + 3+ &'4  ?. C&'+K/'54! 5 ? &  3'+55'5 >+ ='?3'> ==4 /+5 ; ?45? & 4@ & ;+3+. T &=/553&' & ;@>+ +&/4? ; 4335? &'4 &  ? =3& 5& 3+ &=/4+& 53'5.

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Tes(r( e- al.1 *s. Me-r( Manila Re-rea,ers Inc.1 e- al.1 GR N(. %0%4/31 Marc6 %31 3&%4 Fac-s T =5353&'+ /+? 5& &@ + +4+' & +=&'?'5+. T 455 &? =3 '? 5? +*3+ & /+? 53+. H&*! 5 ?*4&=?  '3+3'> + 55 &/4? ';4 &5+ 5& &=5 53 '? 5?3'> ;/+3'+++ /+3'> 35+ 5? ' '? +*3 ++5. T =5353&'+ K/35 53 &;+ + +4+' '? '5? 3'5& +=5 S*3 F'3+ A>'5+ (SFA+) 35 5 +=&'?'5+ & 5 &=53&' & 53 +=53* '3++. U'? 5 SFA+! 5 +=&'?'5+ &/4? =&* /'?3'> +/==&5 5& 5 =5353&'+ +/;5 5&  >/4 & =3&?3 43K/3?53&' &  53 *&4*3'> /'?+. T ='++ &/5 & 5+ /'?+ &/4? ; ??/5? & =5353&'+ +4+ 5& ?53' 53 3'&+. M'34! 5 =5353&'+ ;>' 5& ?/45 &' 53 &;43>53&'+ 5& +/;35 =3&?3 43K/3?53&'+ &  53 &=53&'4 ='++ 3' 453&' 5& 5 *&4*3'> /'?+ +=&'?'5+ =&*3?? 5. C&'+K/'54! B'?> 53'5? 53 +=53* SFA. A>>3*?! =5353&'+ 34?  &=43'5 & &'+5/53* ?3+3++4! '&'-='5 & >+! 3''53*  =! 1,5 &'5 = '? ?>+ >3'+5 +=&'?'5+ 35 5 NLRC. 5353&'+ &'5'? 55! '&535+5'?3'> 5 /53&' & 5 SFA+! 5 3'? 5& ; +=&'?'5+ =4&+! 5 SFA+ ;3'>  ;/5  3/*'53&' & 53 +55/+ + >/4 =4&+. F& 35+ =5! +=&'?'5+ =&3'5? &/5 55 =5353&'+ 4 +3>'? & 53 =4&'5 '? ?3?? 5& *34 5+4*+ & 5 &==&5/'35 5& ; 3'?='?'5 '5='/+ /'? 5 '3+ + 55 +=&'?'5+ ?. T/+! '& =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+5? ;5' =5353&'+ '? +=&'?'5+.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 =5353&'+ 3'? 5& ; B'?>+ +4+' /'? 5 '3+ + 35 '5? 3'5& 35 5.

Hel,  N&. T 5+5+ & ?53'3'> =4&J=4& 453&'+3= : () 5 +453&' '? '>>'5 & 5 =4& (;) 5 ='5 & >+ () 5 =& & ?3+3++4 '? (?) 5 =4&+ =& 5& &'5&4 5 =4& 35 +=5 5& 5 '+ '? 5&?+ ; 3 5 &@ 3+ 5& ; &=43+?. T 4+5 3+ 44? 5 &'5&4 5+5! 5 &+5 3=&5'5 4'5. U'3&35 3' =3+! K/435 & +*3+! '? >&&? ;/+3'++ =53+  5 ++' & 44 '3++. A '3+ 344 ?> 5 '3+&+ ;/+3'++ 3  +44+ 5 ?3'5 =3+! '?+ ?3'5 & 3'3& +*3+! & '>>+ 3' ;? ;/+3'++ =53+. T+ ;/+3'++ &'+53'5+  '?? 5& 3'53' &4453* +=&'+3;3435 & /454++ '? 43;4 +*3 5& 5 + 4++ & /+5&+ &  5 + =3+. T3+ 3+ '&5 5 &'5&4 &'5=45? 3' =4&J=4& 453&'+3=+. C&'5&4 3' +/ 453&'+3=+ ??+++ 5 ?534+ & ? 5& ? &@ 43@ ++3>'3'> 5 =53/4 5+@ 55 + 5& ; ?&'! &'35&3'> 5  5+@+  ?&' '? 53 +/45+! '? ?53'3'> 5 53 ?/3'> 3 5 =4&

Page41of153 /+5 =&5 & &@ & &=43+ 3+ ++3>'? 5+@. T3+ 3+ '&5 5 &'5&4 &'5=45? 3' =4&J=4& 453&'+3=+. C&'5&4 3' +/ 453&'+3=+ ??+++ 5 ?534+ & ? 5& ? &@ 43@ ++3>'3'> 5 =53/4 5+@ 55 + 5& ; ?&'! &'35&3'> 5  5+@+  ?&' '? 53 +/45+! '? ?53'3'> 5 53 ?/3'> 3 5 =4& /+5 =&5 & &@ & &=43+ 3+ ++3>'? 5+@. 5353&'+ ''&5 /+ 5 *&4*3'> /'?+ 5/ & 5 SFA+ + *3?' & 53 =4&J  =4& 453&'+3= 35 B'?>. T+ /'?+ ?& '&5 =+'5 >+. T  & 3' 5 '5/ &  =354 ?*'+ & &=53&'+ 55 B'?> &'=5/43? 5& 555 =&+=53* '3++. 5353&'+ 3'&+ ?='?? &' 5 =&35+ 5 @! &'5&44? ; 53 3'?3*3?/4 ;34353+ 5& 3'+ +4+ '? ?/ &=53'> &+5+.

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R(9ale H(5es Mare-in C(rp. *s Alcan-ara GR N(. %<%&1 '2l9 3/1 3&%4 Fac-s I' 1<<"! 5 =5353&'+ '>>? 3' @53'> 4 +55+! ==&3'5? 5 +=&'?'5 + 53  M@53'> D35& &  3? =3&? & &' . H3+ &@ &'+3+5? 3'4 & @53'> 5353&'+ 4 +55 3'*'5&3+ &' ' 4/+3* ;+3+. 5353&'+ ==&3'5? 3 & +*4 &'+/53* +! 5 4+5 &  3 &*? 5 =3&? #'/ 1 5& D; ,1! 200,   4? 5 =&+353&' & D3*3+3&'  V3+3?'5-S4+. O' D; 17! 201,! +=&'?'5 34?  C&=43'5 & I44>4 D3+3++4 >3'+5 5 5353&'+. H 44>? 55  3+  >/4 =4& & 5 +3? =5353&'+ +3'  3+ =&3'> 5+@+ 55  '++ '? ?+3;4 5& 53 ;/+3'++ 55 3' 200, 5 =5353&'+ >* 3 1.2 3443&' =+&+ & 5 +*3+  '?? 5& 5 55 3' 5 3+5 & N&*; 201,! &*! 5 =5353&'+ 5&4? 3 55 5  &'?3'>   +5344 ? 5 >34 5& & 5& &3 '? +35 5 3+ 5;4! '? 55 5 5+ & 5 =5353&'+ &/'5? 5& 3+ ?3+3++4 & &@ 35&/5 ' *43? & /+5 /+ '? 3' >&++ ?3+>? & 5 =&=   =&?/ & ?3+3++3'> =4&+. T/+!  4+& 3=4?? 5 =5353&'+ &!  *?! 5? 3+ ?3+3++4 3' ;? 35 '? 3' ' &==++3* ''. O' 5 &5 '?! 5 =5353&'+ *'54 ?'3? 55 +=&'?'5 3+ 53 =4&. T >/? 55 5 ==&3'5'5 == & +=&'?'5 3+ 4 55 5 '>>? 3+ +*3+ + ' 3'?='?'5 +4+ &'55& &  3? 5 & &'  &'4. H '* 3*? ' +4! 1,5 &'5 =! &*53 = &  &43? = & 5 +  + =3? =/4 &' &3++3&' ;+3+. I' ??353&'! =5353&'+ ? '& &'5&4 &' & +=&'?'5+ &/4? &=43+ 3+ 5+@+ '? +=&'+3;34353+ +  +  5& +&4335 +4+ 5 ' 53 '? ; ' '' 3  ? ==&=35 '? '++. H 3+ *'  5& /35 3+ &' +4+  =+&''4 5& ++3+5 3 3' =/+/' & 3+ +4+ 5>5. A&?3'> 5& 5 =5353&'+! +=&'?'5 ?3?? 5& 4* 5 &=' 5 3+ 3! & + &' &''5? 35 5 +  +4+ >'5! ?  &?  ;&@> &=' 55 ?354 &=5? 35 53   ;/+3'++! '? *' /35? +& & 53 +4+ >'5+. I'  +=34 '>'5 &355 53'> &' O5&; ! 2001,! +=&'?'5 ''&/'? =/;434 '? &='4 55  &/4? 4* 5 &=' ; 5 '? &  O5&; 200, '? 55  &/4? '& 4&'> 3'3+ 5 /'=3? 5 & 3+ &'55. H + ?3?? 5& &3' 3+ 3 '? =/+/ 53 &' ;&@> ;/+3'++. 5353&'+ =5? +=&'?'5+ ?3+3&'.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 A4'5 + ' 3'?='?'5 &'55& 

Hel, Y+. T &'55 ;5' 5 =5353&'+ '? 5 +=&'?'5 &'+=3/&/+4 =&*3?+ '& =4&=4& 453&'+3= 3+5+ ;5' 5. O' & 5 +55'5+ & 5 &'55 44 4*+ '& ?&/;5 /=&' 5 3'5'53&' & 5 &'553'> =53+: I5 3+ /'?+5&&?! &*! 55 '& =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+5+ ;5' /+! 55 & &/ +4+ =+&''4>'5+. A45&/> =& 5& &'5&4 3+ &' & 5 &/ &4? 5+5 5& ?53' 5 3+5' & ' =4&=4& 453&'+3=! '&5 * & & &'5&4 3+ 3'?353* & +/ 453&'+3=. A =+&' & =&+ &@ & '&5 '? 3+ +/;5? 5& 35+ /4+! >/453&'+! '? &? & 53+ ?&+ '&5 '++34 ;& ' =4&. A+ 4&'> + 5 4*4 & &'5&4 ?&+ '&5 3'5 35 5 '+ '? 5&?+ & &=43+3'> 5 ++3>'? 5+@+! 5 /4+ 3=&+? ; 5 33'> =5 &' 5 3? =5 ?& '&5 &/'5 5& 5 4;& 4 &'=5 & &'5&4 55 3+ 3'?353* & =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. T C&/5 >+ 35 5 =5353&'+ 55 5 /4+! >/453&'+! &? & 53+! '? =3&?3 *4/53&' 44/?? 5& ; 5 ?& '&5 3'*&4* &'5&4 &* 5 '+ '? 5&?+ ; 3  + 5&  =& 3+ &;. T +=&'?'5 + 5 ;/?' & =&& 5& =&* 5 4'5+ & =5353&'+ =& & &'5&4 &*  5 '+ '? 5&?+ & &=43+3'> 5 &@ ;/5  34? 5& 35 +=33 /4+! >/453&'+ & &? &  53+ 55 +/==&+?4 3=&+? &'5&4 &' 3+ '+ '? 5&?+ & +&43353'> +4+ '? ?43'> 35

Page43of153  =&+=53* 43'5+. N&5;4! A4'5 + '&5 K/3? 5& &;+* ?3'35 &@3'> &/+. E=5 &  +&43353'> +4+! =5353&'+ ?3? '&5 ++3>' &5 5+@+ 5& 3. H ? /44 &'5&4 &* 5 '+ '? 5&?+ & &=43+3'> 3+ 5+@+ +  ' +&4335 +4+ 5 ' 53 '? ; ' '' 3 ( ) ? ==&=35 '? '++. H =&? 3+ 5+@+ &' 3+ &' &/'5  & 5 &'5&4 '? ?353&' &   =5353&'+ 3' 44 55+ &''5? 535! =5 + 5& 5 +/45+ 5&. T 4'5 & ='5 & >+ 3+ 4+& ;+'5 3' 53+ +. A+ =&*3?? 3' 5 &'55! +=&'?'5+ /'53&'+ &'+3+5 &'4 & &3++3&' &*3? & 0.! ;/?>5 44&53&'! +4+ 3''53* '? &5 &+ & &=' +/==&5. T 3+ '& =&& 55  3*? 3? &'54 +4. N& =+43= &   =&44 + * =+'5? '? 5 3+ '& =&& 55 =5353&'+ ??/5? & 3+ +/==&+? +4 35&4?3'> 5 & 55 35 >3+5? 3 35 5 S&34 S/35 S+5! 343==3' H45 I'+/' C&=&53&'! & >-I;3> F/'?. I' 5! 3+ C&=43'5 4 +55+  ;44=@ 3>/ & 3+ 44>? +4 &  100!000.00! & & 4++. A44 & 5+ 3'?35 ' 3'?='?'5 &'55/4 453&'+3=.

Page44of153

F2i Tele*isi(n Ne-?(r Inc. *s. Espiri-2 GR N(. 3&444+4<1 Dece58er "1 3&%4 Fac-s R+=&'?'5 + '>>? ; 5 =5353&' +  '+ &+=&'?'5=&?/ 5+@? 5& =&5 343==3'+ '+ 5& 5 455 5&/> 35+ M'34 B// 34? &3. R+=&'?'5+ =4&'5 &'55 3'35344 =&*3?? &  5 & 1  + +/++3*4 '? &'  4 ;+3+ 35 +4 ?/+5'5 /=&' * '4. L5! +=&'?'5 + ?3>'&+? 35 4/'> '. S 3'&? 5 =5353&' ;&/5  &'?353&'. I' 5/'! 5 =5353&' 3'&? 5 +=&'?'5 55 5 &=' 344 *  =&;4 '3'>  &'55 +3' 35 &/4? ; ?33/45 5&  5& =&  &;. S 3'+3+5? 55 + + +5344 35 5& &@ + 533? ;  55'?3'> =+33'. A5 +*4 &/'353&'+! 5 +=&'?'5 '? =5353&' +3>'?  '&'-'4 &'55 &' M ! 200<  35 + +53=/45? 55  &'55 &/4? 4&'> ; '? 5 35+ =353&' &' M ,1! 200<. T &'55 + =&*3?? 55 5 =53+ 4+  &5 & 43;34353+ '? +=&'+3;34353+ /'?  5 =4&'5 &'55. I' &'+3?53&' & 5 '4 &'55! 5 +=&'?'5 @'&4?>? 3=5 & 5 5&54 &/'5 & US1!00.00 =+'53'>  &'54 +4 & M 200< 5& M 200'5/ &' 5 '&'-'4 &'55 35 5 3'3534+ U.. & /'? =&5+5. O' M 6! 200'? 5 '&'-'4 &'55! + 34?  &=43'5 &  344>4 ?3+3++4 '? 55&'+ + 35 5 N53&'4 C=354 R>3&' A;3553&' B' & 5 N53&'4 L;& R453&'+ C&3++3&'. S 44>? 55 + + &? 5& +3>' 5 '&'-'4 &'55 ' 5  =5353&'  5& @'& &  344'++ '? 55 5 455 354?  +43+ '? &5 ;'35+ & M '? A=34 200< ' + /+? 5& +3>'.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 3+5? ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' 5 3' =53+. W5 & '&5 5 ?3+3++4 ? ; 5 =5353&' >3'+5 5 +=&'?'5 + *43?

Hel, Y+ B+? &' 5 ==4353&' & 5 &/-&4? 5+5! 3+5! 5 =5353&' 3? 5 +=&'?'5 '&5 ;/+ &  455+ +@344+ 55 &/4? ?3+53'>/3+  & &?3' =4&+. N35 + 5 ' +&3'> 55 + ?  4;35 +55/+. H &'54 +4 ==+ 5& ;  +/;+5'534 +/! +=344 3 &=? 5&   +4 ' + + +5344 &''5? 35 GMA. I'??! >+  3'?35 5 &' 3+ ' 3'?='?'5 &'55&. W>+  4+& 3'?35 55 ' =4& 3+ ;4 5& ;>3' 35 5 =4& & ;55 =. H&*! >+ +&/4? '&5 ; 5 &'4/+3* 5& 3' ?53'3'> 5 &' 3+ ' =4& & ' 3'?='?'5 &'55&. S&'?! 5 =5353&' ? 5 =& 5& ?3+3++ 5 +=&'?'5! + =&*3?? & 3' =>=  & 5  =&++3&'4 =4&'5 &'55. H &'55 4+& 3'?35? 55 5 =5353&' ? &'5&4 &*   &@ ;/+ + + K/3? 5& &@ &  &/+ & M&'? 5& F3?! 45&/> &' 43;4 53. T3?! &' 5 =& 5& &'5&4! 5 +=&'?'5 44>? 55 5 =5353&' >*  3'+5/53&'+ &' 5 5& =&5. E*' 5 &? & 5'+=&553&' 3' 3'> &/5  /'53&'+ + &'5&44? ; 5 =5353&'. T 5+5 & ?53'3'> >/4 =4&'5 3+ 5 5 3+  +&';4 &''53&' ;5' 5 =4&+ 53*353+ '? 5 /+/4 ;/+3'++ & 5 =4&. A534 20 =&*3?+ 55 5 '5/ & &@  /+5 ; '++ & ?+3;4 3' 5 /+/4 ;/+3'++ & 5? & 5 =4& + 5 5+5 & ?53'3'> >/4 =4&'5. H&*! 5  ;  +35/53&'  ' =4&+ &@ 3+ '++ ;/5 3+ '&5 4+ ?+3;4 3' 5 /+/4 &/+ & ;/+3'++ & 5 =4&. I' 53+ +35/53&'! 5 3+ '& >/4  =4&'5.

Page45of153 5353&'+ &'55 3'?353'>  3? 5 ?3? '&5 /5&5344 ' 55 + &/4? '* ;  >/4 =4&. F/5! ' =4& ' ;  >/4 =4& 35  3?-5 &'55. T 4 ?&+ '&5 =4/? 5 =&++3;3435 55  >/4 =4&  &=5 5& *  3?-5 &'55 & *43? +&'+. F& ?3+3++4 /'? A534 2" 5& ; *43?! 5& K/3'5+ /+5 ; &=43? 35: (1) 5 =4&+ ?3++ ''&5 ; /? 353' +3 (6) &'5+ '? 3+ &'53'/? =4&'5 3+ =&3;35? ; 4 & =/?334 5& 3+ 45 + 44 + 5& 5 45 & 3+ &-=4&+ '? (2) 53353&' 3++/? ;  &=5'5 =/;43 45 /5&35 55 *' 35 =&= ?34 55'5! 5 ?3++ ''&5 ; /? 353' +3 (6) &'5+. T ;/?' & =&*3'> &=43' 35 5+ K/3+35+ 3+ &' 5 =4&. N&'&=43' 4?+ 5& 5 &'4/+3&' 55 5 ?3+3++4 + 344>4. T 3+ '& *3?' +&3'> 55 5 +=&'?'5 + &?? ?/ =&++. A5 3'&3'>   =4& &  4/'> '! + + '&5 >3*' 5 ' 5& =+'5 ?34 5335+. T =5353&'  3?354 &'4/?? 55 5 +=&'?'5 &/4? '& 4&'> =&  ?/53+ ;/+ & &5=. I5 ?3? '&5 +@  &  &'?353&' &/4? 5  &@. N35 ?3? 35 +/>>+5 &  5& 5@  4*! *' 5&/> + + '5354? 5& +3@ 4*+. W&+! 35 ?3? '&5 =+'5 ' 5335 &  &=5'5 =/;43 45 /5&35. W5 =5353&' ?3? + 5& 3'&  55  &'55 &/4? '& 4&'> ; '?! '? ' + ?3? '&5 >!  +4 + 354?. T/+! 5 C&/5 & A==4+ &54 /=4? 5 3'?3'> &  5 N53&'4 L;& R453&'+ C&3++3&' 55 & 34/ & =5353&' 5& &=4 35 ?/ =&++! 5 +=&'?'5 + 344>44 ?3+3++?. A=5 & A4'+ 344>4 ?3+3++4! 5 '' &  ?3+3++4 + 5? 3' ' &==++3* ==& 35  +4 '? &5 ;'35+ ;3'> 354? /'534 M ! 200' 5 '&'-'4 &'55.

Page46of153

P$RISIMO M. CABAOBAS1 e-.al v. PEPSI+COLA PROD$CTS1 PHILIPPINES1 INC. ! FACTS R+=&'?'5 =+3-C&4 &?/5+ 343==3'+! I'. ( &C&&I ) 3+  ?&+53 &=&53&' '>>? 3' 5 '/5/3'>! ;&5543'> '? ?3+53;/53&' & +&5 ?3'@ =&?/5+! 3 &=5+ =4'5+ 44 &* 5 &/'5! &' & 3 3+ 5 T'/' 4'5 3' T'/'! L5.

I' 1<<?4 3'/? ;/+3'++ 4&+++ 3' 5 5&54 &/'5 & T'5 N3' M3443&' O' H/'?? S35-S*' T&/+'? '? T H/'?? N3'5 (2 ?'&3'5? + C&=&5-3? R3>5+33'> &> ( C$& ) & 1<<< 5& 2000! '? 5'? &5-+*' ("7) =4&+ & 35+ T'/' 4'5 &' #/4 ,1! 1<<<.

O' S=5; 2"! 1<<4 ?3+3++4 ;& 5 NLRC 3  ?&@5? + NLRC RAB C++ N&+. VIII-<-0",2-<< 5& <-0"-<
O' #'/ 1! 2000! =5353&'+! &  =''5 '? >/4 =4&+ & 5 T'/' 4'5! 3*? 53 +=53* 455+! 3'&3'> 5 & 5 ++53&' & 53 =4&'5 &' F;/ 1! 2000!  =/+/'5 5& CI+ CR. 5353&'+ 5' 34? 53 +=53* &=43'5+ & 344>4 ?3+3++4 ;& 5  N53&'4 L;& R453&'+ C&3++3&' R>3&'4 A;3553&' B' N&. VIII 3' T4&;' C35. S3? &=43'5+  ?&@5? + NLRC RAB VIII-0,-02"6-00 5& 0,-02<-00! '5354?  'empis, et al. v. &epsi! Cola &roducts, &%ilippines, Inc. 

I' 53 C&'+&43?5? &+353&' =! 6 =5353&'+ 44>? 55 CI + '&5 3'> +3&/+ 3''34 4&+++ ;/+ 5 53 53'53&'! 35 >/43? &/ (") =4&+ '? 3? =4'5+ & 5 &5+*' ("7) =*3&/+4 ?3+3++? =4&+. T 4+& 44>? 55 CI+ CR + /+5 ?+3>'? 5&  =*'5 53 /'3&'! L5 =+3-C&4 E=4&+ U'3&'-A++&35? L;& U'3&' ( L(&C()!AL) )! &  ;&3'> 5 533? ;>3'3'> >'5 & CI+ '@-'?-34 =4&+.

I' 35+ &+353&' =! 7 CI &/'5? 55 =5353&'+  ?3+3++? =/+/'5 5& 35+ CR 5& +* 5 &=' & 5&54 ;'@/=5 '? &44=+ 5/+! 35 +'5 '&53+ & 53'53&' 5& 5 '? 5& 5 D=5'5 & L;& '? E=4&'5. I' +/==&5 & 35+ >/'5 55 35+ CR 3+  *43? 3+ &  '>'5 =&>53*! CI +/;355? /?35? 3''34 +55'5+ +&3'> 55 35 +/? 3''34 *++ 3' 1<< 3' 5 5&54 &/'5 & SEVEN HUNDRED MILLION (700!000!000.00) ESOS! TWENTY- SEVEN MILLION (27!000!000.00) ESOS & 3 + 44>?4 3'/? 3' 5 T'/' 4'5 3' 1<<<.

A>>3*? =5 ==4? '? 34? 35 35 NLRC. NLRC '??  ?3+3&':

=<> N2lli:9in1 in NLRC C(ns(li,a-e, Case N(. +&&&&0%+&% =RAB III cases n(s. "+&34@+3&&& -( "+ &31 -6e E;ec2-i*e La8(r Ar8i-ers Decisi(ns ,a-e, Dece58er %<1 3&&&1 an, DISMISSING -6e c(5plain-s :(r illeal ,is5issal1 an, in i-s s-ea, DECLARING -6e re-renc65en- pr(ra5 (: Pepsi C(la Pr(,2c-s P6ils.1 Inc. p2rs2an- -( i-s CRP1 a *ali, e;ercise (:  5anae5en- prer(a-i*es F2r-6er1 ORDERING Pepsi C(la Pr(,2c-s P6ilippines1 Inc. -( pa9 -6e

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:(ll(?in c(5plainan-s -6eir pacae separa-i(n 8ene:i-s (: % #  5(n-6s salar9 :(r e*er9 9ear (:  ser*ice1 pl2s c(552-a-i(n (: all *aca-i(n an, sic lea*e cre,i-s in -6e respec-i*e a5(2n-s 6ere2n,er in,ica-e, (pp(si-e -6eir na5es 1. ARTEMIO S. EMIS J

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3. E$PERIO C. MOLINA J ". GILBERTO . OPINION J 4. P$RISIMO M. CABAOBAS J <. ICENTE P. LA$RON J @. RAMON M. DE PAK1 'R. + 0. KACARIAS E. CARBO J /. '$LITO C. ABARRACOSO J . DOMINGO B. GLORIA J %&. FRANCISCO P. C$MPIO J

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A>>3*?! =5353&'+ & ;& 5 C&/5 3' 53+ =5353&' & *3 &' certiorari ++343'> 5 CA 1 D3*3+3&' D3+3&' ?5? #/4 ,1! 2006! '? 35+ R+&4/53&' ?5? F;/ 21! 2007. 5

ISS$E: W5 & '&5 5 ?3+3++4 + 4>4 =/+/'5 5& CI+ 5''5 =&>.

R$LING : T

=5353&'

+

'&

35.

S/;+/? ++ NLRC-RAB VIII C+ N&+. <-0",2-<< 5& <-0"-<< =53' 5& 5 ?3+3++4 & 5 &=43'5+ & 344>4 ?3+3++4 34? ; M&4&'! et al.! 5 27 & &-=4&+ & =5353&'+ 3' CI. O' 5 3++/ & 5 5 5''5 & 5 =5353&'+ & &-=4&+ + 3' &? 35 4! 5 C&/5 /4? 55 CI ? *43?4 3=4'5? 35+ 5''5 =&>. I' 5 =+'5 53&'! 5 NLRC 4? 55 ESI-COLA+ 3''34 +55'5+ are substantial  evidence *%ic% carry #reat credibility and reliability vie*ed in li#%t of t%e financial crisis t%at %it t%e country *%ic% sa* multinational corporations closin# s%ops and *al+in# a*ay, or adaptin# sic- t%eir o*n corporate ri#%tsiin# pro#ram. S3' 5+ 3'?3'>+  +/==&5? ; *3?' +/;355? ;& 5 NLRC!

 +&4* 5& +=5 5 +.     T '&53 K/3'5 + 4+& &=43? 35 ; ESI-COLA ' 35 +*? '&53 & 5 &=&5 3>5+33'> =&> 5& 5 DOLE '? 5& 5 &/5' (1") =4&+ & 344 ; 5? 5; 5 4+5 &' (1) &'5 =3& 5& 5 ?5 & 5''5. (C3553&'+ &355?) I5 3+ 3&53 55 ;+'5 ' 4 +&3'> & ;/+! ;353'++ & =33&/+'++! 5 3'?3'>+ &  5 ; 5 NLRC! +=344 ' 3? ; 5 CA J + 3' 53+ + J  ;3'?3'> '? &'4/+3* /=&' 5 C&/5. T/+! >3*' 55 5 43+ '& ?3+53&' ;/+ 35 +=5 5& 5 &>&3'> 3'?3'>+! 5 C&/5 ++ '& +&' 5& ?*35 & 5 +. (2) R&?+ 4+& +& 55 5 +=&'?'5+ ? 4? ;' =3? 5 K/3+35 +=53&' = + *3?'? ; 5 S=5; 1<<< K/3543+ +3>'? ; 5. E53*4! 5 +3? K/3543+ +* inter  alia 5 =/=&+ & @'&4?>3'> 3=5 & 53 +=53* +=53&' =+. A==&+354! +=&'?'5+ '*  K/+53&'? 55 +=53&' = 3+3'> & 53 5''5 + 3'?? =3? ; =+3 5& 5. A+ +/! 5 &>&3'> 5 3+ '& ?? &'4/+3*.

Page48of153 (,) C&'5 5& 5 CA+ &;+*53&' 55 =+3 ? +3'>4? &/5 ;+ & 5 LECEU-ALU 3' 3=4'53'> 35+ 5''5 =&>! &?+ *4 55 5 ;+ & 5 &=' /'3&' ( i.e.! LECEU-UOEF"<)  43@3+ &'> 5&+ 5'?. A4+&! + =54 =&3'5? &/5 ; 5 NLRC! =+3+ C&=&5 R3>5+33'> &> +  &='3? =&> 3 ? 4? ;' 3=4'5? 3' 35+ &5 =4'5+ 3' B&4&?! I4&34&! D*&! G'4 S'5&+ '? %;&'>. C&'+K/'54! >3*' 5 >'4 ==43;3435 & 35+ 5''5 =&>! =+3 &/4? '&5 * 3'5'?? 5& ?35 LECEU-ALU+ ;+3=! / 4++ 3=3'> /=&' 35+ 3>5 5& +4&>'353&'! ' 35 =4&? 5 +. I' 5! 35 3+ =&=&+ 5& '53&' 55 =+3 '? 35+ =4&+ '5? 3'5&  &4453* ;>3'3'> >'5 &' O5&; 17! 1<< 3 &'53'?  /'3&' +&= 4/+ K/33'> ;+3= 3' LECEUUOEF"3'3'> /'3&'! +  &'?353&' & &'53'/? =4&'5. I' 53+ >?! =+3 ? 44 5 +&'+ 5& ++/ 55 44 =4&+ 3' 5 ;>3'3'> /'35  44 ;+ & LECEUUOEF"< &53+! 5 455 &/4? * 4? 4&+5 53 =4&'5. I' &5 &?+! =+3 '? '&5 3=4'5  5''5 =&> /+5 5& >5 3? & LECEU-ALU ;+ &'+3?3'> 55 5 /'3&' +&= 4/+ 4? >* 35 =4 /+53353&' 5& 53'5 5. I5 3+ 5' ?4 ;43*;4 55 /'3&' 34353&'+  *' &'+3?? ; =+3 3' 5 +453&' & 5 =4&+ 5& ; 5'?. T&! + 44 5 K/3+35+ &  *43? 5''5  5'5! 5 C&/5 3'?+ =+3+ 3>5+33'>  =&> '? 5 &'+K/'5 ?3+3++4 & +=&'?'5+ 3' &? 35 4.1<4443;

I' *3 & 5 C&/5+ /43'> 3'  &epsi!Cola &roducts &%ilippines, Inc. v. Molon !20 CI &'5'?+ 55 5 =5353&' & *3 &' certiorari +&/4? ; ?'3? '? 5 CA ?3+3&' +&/4? ; 3? /'? 5  =3'3=4 & +5 ?3+3+. T C&/5 +/+53'+ CI+ &'5'53&'. T =3'3=4 &  stare decisis et non /uieta movere (5& ? 5& =?'5+ '? '&5 5& /'+554 53'>+ 3  +5;43+?) 3+ 44 '5'? 3' A534  & 5 N C3*34 C&? 3 +55+ 55 /?334 ?3+3&'+ ==43'> & 3'5=53'> 5 4+ & 5 C&'+535/53&' +44 & =5 & 5 4>4 ++5 & 5 343==3'+. T 3+ '& ?3+=/5 55 5 3++/+! +/;5 55+ '? /++ & 53&' ;5' 5 =53+ 3'  &epsi! Cola &roducts &%ilippines, Inc. v. Molon 26 '? 5 =+'5 +  3?'534! '4! 5 *43?35 & CI+ 5''5 =&>! '? 5 4>435 & 35+ =4&+ 53'53&'. T 3+ 4+& +/;+5'534 3?'535 &   =53+ ;/+ 5 3+  &/'35 & 3'5+5 ;5' 5 =53+ 3' 5 3+5 + '? 5 =53+ 3' 5 +&'? +! *' 3 5 455 + '&5 3=4?? 3' 5 3+5 +. 27 T +=&'?'5+ 3' &epsi!Cola &roducts  &%ilippines, Inc. v. Molon 2  =5353&'+ & &-=4&+ '? &-/'3&' ;+ & LECEU-ALU &  4+& 53'5? =/+/'5 5& 5 CI+ 5''5 =&>. T &'4 ?3' ;5' 5 5& ++ 3+ 5 ?5 & 5 =4&+ 53'53&'! i.e., M&4&'! 5 4. ;4&'> 5& 5 3+5 ;5 & =4&+ 5'? &' #/4 ,1! 1<< 5& 5 +&'? ;5 5'? &' F;/ 1! 2000. T5 5 *43?35 & 5 + CI 5''5 =&> ? 4? ;' =++? /=&' '?! 55! +/+53'? 3' 5 45? + &  &epsi!Cola &roducts &%ilippines, Inc. v. Molon !2< 4;35 3'*&4*3'> ?3'5  =53+! 3=4+ 5 C&/5 5& &?  +334 ?3+=&+353&' '? /=&4? 5 4>435 & + =&>. H&*! ;'?&''5 & 5 /43'> 3'  &epsi!Cola &roducts &%ilippines, Inc. v. Molon ,1 &' 5 + 3++/ & 5 *43?35 & CI+ 5''5 =&> /+5 ; ;+? &'4 &' +5&'> '? &=443'> +&'+. A5  /4 *3 & 5 &?+! 5 C&/5 3'?+ '& +/ +&'+  +&' 5& &;53' 3' 53+ +. A5 ' 5! 5 C&/5 3'?+ 55 5 S=5; 11! 2002 NLRC D3+3&' + /+53*4 ?3+/++? CI+ &=43' 35 5 K/3'5 55 &  5''5 5& ; *43?! +/ /+5 ; +&';4 '++ '? 43@4 5& =*'5 ;/+3'++ 4&+++ 3! 3 4? 3'/?!  '&5 4 de minimis! ;/5 +/;+5'534! +3&/+! 5/4 '? 4.

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Bein( e- al.1 *s. ABS+CBN C(rp. G.R. N(. %%@@1 April 3&1 3&%< Fac-s T +=&'?'5 ABS CBN 3+  54*3+3&' '? ?3& ;&?+53'> &=&53&' 3! & 35+ R>3&'4  N5&@ G&/= 3' N> C35! =4&? +=&'?'5 V344/5. T/ V344/5! 5 ABS CBN '>>? 5 +*3+ & =5353&'+ B>3'& '? D4 V44 +&53 3' 1<<6 + C'E?35&+. 5353&'+ S/& '? L4&3'  43@3+ '>>? + =&5+ +&53 3' 1<<6 '? 2002. W35 53 +*3+ '>>? ; +=&'?'5+ 5/ T4'5 C&'55+ 3! 5&/> >/44 '? &* 5 +! =&*3?? 5+ '>3'> & 5 &'5+ 5& &' ! =5353&'+  >3*' &5 A++3>''5 F&+ 3 ?534?! &'> &5 55+! 5 ?/53&' &  =53/4 =&5 + 44 + 5 ;/?>5 '? 5 ?34 5'34 K/3'5+ 5&. I' 5 &+3? =353+! =5353&'+  5+@? 35 &*> & '+ 35+ & +/;+K/'5 ?34 33'>+ 3' +=&'?'5+ TV 5&4 B3&4 &>. H&*! 5 =5353&'+ 34  &=43'5 >3'+5 5 +=&'?'5 ;& 5 NLRC &' 5 >&/'? &  53 43+ & >/4353&'! /'?='5 & &*53 =! &43? =! 1,5 &'5 =! +*3 3''53* 4* =! ?>+ '? 55&'+ +! 35 ' 44>? 55 5 & =&? /'53&'+ '++ '? ?+3;4 3' 455+ ;/+3'++. M'?5? 5&  &=' ID+ '? =&*3?? 44 5 K/3='5 5 '??!  =5353&'+ *? 55 5 &@? /'? 5 ?35 &'5&4 '? +/=*3+3&' & V344/5 '?! 5 5 '? &   ?!  3'&? ;&/5 5 '+ 5& ; &*? 5 &44&3'> ?! 5 &/5+ 5  5& 5@ '?! '* 5 +/;5 & 53 '+ &*> 3+ K/35 ?3+5'5! *' 5 +55 & 53 &@?. D/ 5& 5 3=&5' & 5 '+ 35+ 5 &*? '? 5 '++35 & 53 &=453&' & 5 +/++ & 5  =&>! =5353&'+ 43? 55! /'? =3' & 3?35 53'53&'! 5  ;&/'? ; 5 &='+  =&43 &'! &'> &5+! 55'?' '? =/'5/435. A+3? & 5 &'+5'5 *4/53&' & 53 53&'+! =5353&'+  =&5?4 +/;5? 5& ' ''/4 &=5' ++++'5 4&'>+3? &5 ABS-CBN =4&+! + &'?353&' & 53 &'53'/? =4&'5. A45&/> 53 &@ 3'*&4*? ?43'> 35 >' +35/53&'+ 5 ' 53 & 5 ? &  '3>5! =5353&'+ 43? 55 5  '&5 =3? 5 4;& +5'?? ;'35+ 5 4 5'?+ 5& >/4  =4&+. T& *&3? =3'> 5 3+ ?/ 5! &*! +=&'?'5+ =/=&5?4 +&5? 5& 5 +3=4 =?3'5 & /+3'> +3? T4'5 C&'55+ '?& &5 A++3>''5 F&+ 3 ?'&3'5? =5353&'+ + 54'5+! ?+=35 5 5 55 5  '&5 5&+ & TV &+5+ & +=34 +@344+. A+  +/45 & 53+ 3'3K/35&/+ +35/53&'! =5353&'+ ++*5? 55 5 4 '? ' *> & 7!000.00 5& !000.00 = &'5! &  ?3??4 4& 5' 5 21!77,.00 &'54 +4 ABS-CBN =3? 35+ >/4 '@-'?-34 =4&+. C&'+3?3'> 53 =5? -33'> ; +=&'?'5+ & &+5'+3;4 3? =3&?+! 53+ +35/53&' ? >&' &' & + +3' TV 5&4 B3&4 + &'53'/&/+4 3? & 1<<6 &'?+. I' /553&' & 5 &>&3'> ++53&'+! &' 5 &5 '?! +=&'?'5+ >/? 55! 45&/> 35 &+3&'44 '>>+ 3' =&?/53&' '? >'5+ =&>+ 5/ *3&/+ '+! ABS-CBN 3+ =334 '>>? 3' 5 ;/+3'++ & ;&?+53'> 54*3+3&' '? ?3& &'5'5. N&5 *3'> 5 /44 '=&  &=4'5 5& =&?/ 35+ &' =&>! 5 &=' ? 44>?4 +&5? 5& '>>3'> 3'?='?'5 &'55&+ 43@ 5&+! ?35&+! 53+5+! '&'! =&5+! +3=535+ '? *3&/+ =&?/53&' '? 5'34 +5! & &? 53 +*3+ 3' 453&' 5&  =53/4 =&>. I' /553&' & 5 &>&3'> ++53&'+! &' 5 &5 '?! +=&'?'5+ >/? 55! 45&/> 35 &+3&'44 '>>+ 3' =&?/53&' '? >'5+ =&>+ 5/ *3&/+ '+! ABS-CBN 3+ =334 '>>? 3' 5 ;/+3'++ & ;&?+53'> 54*3+3&' '? ?3& &'5'5. N&5 *3'> 5 /44 '=& &=4'5 5& =&?/ 35+ &' =&>! 5 &=' ? 44>?4 +&5? 5& '>>3'> 3'?='?'5 &'55&+ 43@ 5&+! ?35&+! 53+5+! '&'! =&5+! +3=535+ '? *3&/+ =&?/53&' '? 5'34 +5! & &? 53 +*3+ 3' 453&' 5&  =53/4 =&>. R+=&'?'5+ 3'+3+5? 55! =/+/'5 5& 53 T4'5 C&'55+ '?& &5 A++3>''5 F&+!  =5353&'+  3? + 54'5+! 5& 5 + =&5+ '?& ' & TV 5&4 B3&4 & ?+3>'5?  =3&?+ '? 5+. F/44  55 5  '&5 &'+3?? & 5& &'+3? 5+4*+ + =4&+ &   =53/4 =&?/53&' & 34 &/535! =5353&'+  +/==&+?4 '>>? &' 5 ;+3+ & 5 +@344+! @'&4?> & =53+ 5 4? =&++++? '?! & +3? +&'! K/3? '& /5 53'3'> & ABSCBN. A45&/> =5353&'+  3'*35;4 +/;5? 5& +& ?> & &'5&4! 5 + + 44>?4

Page50of153 4335? 5& 5 3=&+353&' & >'4 >/3?43'+ &' &'?/5 '? =&'! +3=4 & 5 =/=&+ &  /=&4?3'> 5 +5'??+ & 5 &=' '? 5 +535/+ & 5 3'?/+5. N* +/;5? 5& ' &'5&4 &  +5353&'+ &* 5 '+ '? 5&?+ ; 3 5 =&? & ?3+>? 5 5+@+ & 3 53  +*3+  '>>?! =5353&'+ ! 5 &+5! ;3? '* '++ >?3'> 5 >'4 K/3'5+ & 5 =&5 5& ; /5?.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 3+ ' 3+5? =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' 5 3' =53+.

Hel,: YES T& ?53' 5 3+5' & +3? 453&'! + 4 + &'+3+5'54 ==43? 5 &/-&4? 5+5! 5& 35: () 5 +453&' '? '>>'5 & 5 =4& (;) 5 ='5 & >+ () 5 =& & ?3+3++4 '? (?) 5 =4&+ =& 5& &'5&4 5 =4& &' 5 '+ '? 5&?+ ; 3 5 &@ 3+ &=43+?. O 5+ 353! 5 +&-44? &'5&4 5+5 3+ >'44 >?? + 5 &+5 /34 '? ?53'53* 3'?35& & 5 =+' & ;+' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. U'? 53+ 5+5! ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+ +3? 5& 3+5  5 =+&' & & 5 +*3+  =&? +*+ 5 3>5 5& &'5&4 '&5 &'4 5 '? +/45 ;/5 4+& 5 '' '? '+ /5343? 5& 3* 5 +. I5 + ;' /4? 55 5 A534 20 &'5=45+ &/ @3'?+ & =4&+! '4: () >/4  =4&+ & 5&+ & * ;' '>>? 5& =& 53*353+ 3  /+/44 '++ & ?+3;4 3' 5 /+/4 ;/+3'++ & 5? & 5 =4& (;) =&5 =4&+ & 5&+ &+ =4&'5 + ;' 3? &  +=33 =&5 & /'?5@3'>! 5 &=453&' & 53'53&' & 3 + ;' ?53'? 5 5 53 & 5 '>>'5 & 5 =4& () ++&'4 =4&+ & 5&+ & &@ & =& +*3+ 3  ++&'4 3' '5/! '? 5 =4&'5 3+ & 5 ?/53&' & 5 ++&' '? (?) +/4 =4&+ & 5&+ &  '&5 >/4! =&5! & ++&'4 =4&+.26 T& 5 &>&3'> 4++3353&' & =4&!  /3+=/?' + ??? 55 & &'55/4 & 3? 5 =4& 3! 3 '&5 & 5 3? 5! &/4? 44 /'? 5 5>& & >/4 =4&'5 3' *3 & 5 '5/ & 5 =4&+ '>>'5! 3 3+ 5& =& 53*35 /+/44 '++ & ?+3;4 3' 5 =4&+ ;/+3'++. T C&/5 3'?+ 55! '&535+5'?3'> 5 '&'45/ & 53 T4'5 C&'55+ '?& &5 A++3>''5 F&+ '? 5 5+ '? &'?353&' ;&?3? 53'! =5353&'+  >/4 =4&+ & ABSCBN. T3 '? >3'! 35 + ;' /4? 55 5 5+5 5& ?53' 5 =4&'5 3+ >/4 & '&5 3+ 5 +&';4 &''53&' ;5' 5 53*35 =&? ; 5 =4& 3' 453&' 5& 5 ;/+3'++ & 5? &  5 =4&. A+ '?35&+ '? =&5+! =5353&'+  /'?&/;5?4 =&3'> /'53&'+ '++ '? ++'534 5& ABS-CBN+ ;/+3'++ & ;&?+53'> 54*3+3&' '? ?3& &'5'5. I5 55+ 43554 55  =5353&'+ +*3+  '>>? & +=33? =3&?+ & TV 5&4 B3&4 '? 55 5  =3? &?3'> 5& 5 ;/?>5 44&5? 5&. A+3? & 5 5 55 +3? =&> 3+  >/4 @?  &  5 ABS-CBN+ R>3&'4 N5&@ G&/= 3' N> C35! 5 &? +&+ 55! & 53 3'3534 '>>'5 3' 5 &+3? =353+! =5353&'+  &'53'/&/+4 -3? ; +=&'?'5+ &* 5 +. T& 5 3'? & 5 C&/5! +=&'?'5+ =5? 33'> & =5353&'+ & 35+ 4&'>-/''3'> '+ =&> =&+353*4 3'?35+ 55 5 455  ABS-CBN+ >/4 =4&+. I 5 =4& + ;' =&3'> 5 &; & 5 4+5 &' ! *' 3 5 =&' 3+ '&5 &'53'/&/+ & 4 3'5355'5! 5 4 ?+ 5 =5? & &'53'/3'> =&' + +/33'5 *3?' & 5 '++35! 3 '&5 3'?3+='+;3435 & 55 53*35 3' 5 ;/+3'++. I'??! '  =4&'5 +5&=+  ;3'> &-53'&/+ 35 +=33 =&5+  5 =4& 3+ &'53'/&/+4 -3? ?/ 5& 5 ?'?+ &  5 =4&+ ;/+3'++. T '5/ & 5 =4&'5 ?='?+! 5 44! &' 5 '5/ & 5 53*353+ 5& ;  =&? ; 5 =4&! &'+3?3'> 5 '5/ & 5 =4&+ ;/+3'++! 5 ?/53&' '? +&= 5& ; ?&'! '?! 3' +& ++! *' 5 4'>5 & 53 & 5 =&' '? 35+ &'53'/? 3+5'. I' 5 + '' 55 5 =53 & *3'> 3?-5 &'55+ 3' 5 3'?/+5 ?&+ '&5 /5&5344 @ 44 54'5 &'55+ *43? '? &=43'5 35 4;& 4! 35 +! &'+K/'54! ;' /4? 55 5 ++53&' 55  54'5 &'55 3+5+ ?&+ '&5 '++34 =*'5  >/4 =4&'5 +55/+.

Page51of153  A+ '?35&+ '? =&5+! 35 4+& ==+ 55 =5353&'+  +/;5 5& 5 &'5&4 '? +/=*3+3&' & +=&'?'5+ 3! 3+5 '? &&+5! =&*3?? 5 35 5 K/3='5+ ++'534 & 5 ?3+> & 53 /'53&'+. =? 5 5 3'+5' & +=&'?'5+! =5353&'+ T4'5 C&'55+ 5443'>4  =&*3?? 55 ABS-CBN 53'? 44 53*! ?3'3+553*! 3''34 '? 4>4 &'5&4 & 5 =&> 5& 3 5  ++3>'?. A+3? & *3'> 5 3>5 5& K/3 =5353&'+ 5& 55'? '? =533=5 3' 44  =&&53&'4 & '?3+3'> =3>'+! 53*353+ & *'5+ & 5 &>! ABS-CBN K/3? 5 & 5& =& 53 /'53&'+ 5 +/ 4&53&'+ '? &'E3;353&' S?/4+ 35 =&*3?? &! +/;5 5& =3& '&53! + 35 &+ ?53'! &?3 & '>. E*' 3 5  /';4 5& &=4 35 +3? +?/4! =5353&'+  K/3? 5& >3* ?*' '&53! +/;5 5& +=&'?'5+ ==&*4. H&*  &;43K/4 &??! 5 C&/5 3'?+ 5 &>&3'> 5+ '? &'?353&'+ ?&'+553* & 5 &'5&4 +=&'?'5+ 3+? '&5 &'4 &* 5 +/45+ & =5353&'+ &@ ;/5 4+& 5 '+ =4&? 5& 3* 5 +. R5 5' 5 =&5 '?& 3'?='?'5 &'55&+ +=&'?'5+ 43 5 5& ;! 35 3+ *3?'5 & 5 &>&3'> ?3+K/3+353&' 55 =5353&'+  >/4 =4&+ & ABS-CBN. T3+ &'4/+3&' 3+ ;&' &/5 ; 5 3'4/5;4 +&3'> 55 =5353&'+ =& /'53&'+ '++ '? ++'534 5& 5 ;/+3'++ &  ABS-CBN 3 =5?4 =4&? 5 &  4&'>-/''3'> '+ =&> & 35+ R>3&'4 N5&@  G&/= 3' N> C35. I' 5 &/+ & +3? =4&'5! =5353&'+  =&*3?? 5 K/3='5+ 5 '??!  K/3? 5& &=4 35 5 C&='+ =&433+ 3 '534? =3& ==&*4 '? *4/53&' & 53 =&'.

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SOCIAL SEC$RITY SYSTEM ! &etitioner ! v. DEBBIE $BAA! $espondent . Fac-s R+=&'?'5 44>? 55 3' #/4 1<<! + ==43? & =4&'5 35 5 =5353&'. H&*! 5   =++3'> 5 3'53&'+ '? &=43+3'> 44 5 K/3'5+ & =4&'5! + + 3'+5? ? 5& DB S*3 C&=&53&' & 5'+35& =4&'5. S 5&&@ 5 =-=4&'5 3'53&' >3*'  ; DB S*3 C&=&53&' '? =++? 5 +. O' M 20! 1<<6! + + 5&4? 5& =&5 & 53'3'> 5& SSS! N> C35 ;'! & 3?35 ?=4&'5 5& SSS D5 ;'. T5! + + ? 5& +3>'  +3-&'5 S*3 C&'55 A>'57 ; DB S*3 C&=&53&'! ==&3'53'>  + 4@ & ++3>''5 35 SSS D5 ;' 53* M 27! 1<<6! 35  ?34 > & &'4 171.00. S + ++3>'? + &'543' '? 55! +  =&++&. A+ &++&! + + =3? &'4 22<.00 ?34 & !0,.00 &'54! 34  >/4 SSS &++&  3*+  &'54 +4 & 1!622.00 & "6." ?34 >. H M 2! 1<<6 S*3 C&'55 A>'5 35 DB S*3 C&=&53&' + '* '?!  ;/5 + + K/3? 5& &@ & SSS &'53'/&/+4 /'? ?3'5 ++3>''5+ 35  3/ ?34 +4 & &'4 22<.00 5 5 + 53! + + &'+5'54 ++/? & ;3'> ;+&;? 3'5& 5 SSS =4'5344. R+=&'?'5 43? + + K/433? &  =&+353&' + &++&! *3'> &=45? K/3? 53'3'> '? =++? 5 K/433'> 3'53&'+ 5 + + '&5 >3*' 5 =&= +4. B/+ & 5 &==++3* '? =/?334 55'5 ; SSS! + + &? 5& +3>' &' + + &/4? '& 4&'> +5'? ;3'> =4&35?! 5 >&' & ?3++53+53&'! '35! ?&4353&'! '? 3'/+53. 5353&' ++5? 55 5 43 &+ & =4&-=4& 453&'+3= '? 55 RTC ?3? '&5 * /3+?353&' &* 5 +.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 + ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' +=&'?'5 '? =5353&'P A'? 3 & 5 5&! ;5' 5 RTC '? NLRC! + 5 /3+?353&' &* 5 +P

R2lin T C&/5 ?'3+ 5 5353&'. R+=&'?'5 '* ; ' SSS =4&! + + 3'? ' =4& & DB S*3 C&=&53&' '? SSS R53+ A++&353&' - 5 5& ;3'> 3'?='?'5 &'55&+ 35 4>3535 +*3 &'55+ 35 SSS. I'??! 839' 4>3535 &; &'553'>! '& =4&-=4& 453&' 3+5+ ;5' 5 =3'3=4 '? 5 &; &'55&+ =4&+. T =3'3=4 3+ +=&'+3;4 5& 5 &; &'55&+ =4&+ &'4 & 5 =&= ='5 & >+. F& A534 217 & 5 L;& C&? 5& ==4! '? 3' &? & 5 L;& A;35 5& K/3 /3+?353&' &*  ?3+=/5! 5 /+5 ; ' =4&-=4& 453&' ;5' 5 =53+ 55&. '&;4+4 T ;3'> '& =4&-=4& 453&' & ' &5 ?3'35 & ?35 &'55 ;5' +=&'?'5 '? =5353&'! 5 455 ;3'> +=&'+3;4 5& 5 & &'4 & 5 =&= ='5 & >+! +=&'?'5 3+ 5/+ /+533? 3' 343'>  + >3'+5 =5353&'! ;+? &' A534+ 1< '? 20 & 5 C3*34 C&?!

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SSS

&++&.

I' 53+ /3+?353&'! 5 4&'> &'&? 4>4 5/3+ & K/4 = & K/4 &@ + ;' 3=>';4 3'+535/53&'43? 8=9+&'+ & &@ 35 +/;+5'5344 K/4 K/43353&'+! +@344! &5 '? +=&'+3;3435! /'? +334 &'?353&'+! +&/4? ; =3? +334 +43+. T5 =/;43 =&43 ;&+ 3'K/435 '? ?3+33'53&' 3+ ;&'? &'5'53&'. O/ C&'+535/53&' '? 4+ 45 5 =&43 >3'+5 5+ *34+. T C&'+535/53&' 3' 5 A534 &' S&34 #/+53 '? H/' R3>5+ &5+ C&'>++ 5& >3* 3>+5 =3&35 5& 5 '5'5 & +/+ 55 =&55 '? '' 5 3>5 & 44 =&=4 5& /' ?3>'35! ?/ +&34! &'&3! '? =&43534 3'K/4353+. T * ;&? A534 1< & 5 C3*34 C&? K/3+ * =+&'! 3' 5 3+ & 3+ 3>5+ '? 3' 5 =&' & 3+ ?/53+! 85&9 5 35 /+53! >3* *&' 3+ ?/! '? &;+* &'+5 '? >&&? 35.

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Hirin (: E5pl(9ee PT#T NLRC 300 SCRA <@1 %0 Fac-s T3+

3+



+

&

344>4

?3+3++4

34?

;

G

?

G/'

>3'+5

TT.

G ? G/' 3+  =&;53&' =4& & TT. I'  &; ==4353&'! + =+'5? 55 + + +3'>4 45&/> + + 3?. W' '>'5 &/'? &/5! + + ? 5& =43'. H&*!  =4'53&' + &/'? /'+53+5& +& + + +/;+K/'54 ?3+3++? & &@. G 5/+ 34?  + & 344>4 ?3+3++4 >3'+5 TT 35 RAB. A&?3'> 5& 5 L;& A;35! G! & ? 4? >3'? 5 +55/+ & >/4 =4&! + 344>44 ?3+3++? ; TT. M&&*!  /4? 55 G + =='54 ?3+33'5? >3'+5 &' &/'5 &  *3'> &'55? 3> 3' *3&453&' & &=' /4+. O' ==4 5& 5 NLRC! 5 ?3+3&' & 5 L;& A;35 + /=4?. T M&53&' & R&'+3?53&' + 43@3+ ;/?! '! 53+ +=34 3*34 53&'. 5353&' >/? 55 5 ?3+3++4 + '&5 ;/+ G + 3? ;/5 ;/+ &  &'4'5 & 5 5 55 + + 3?. S/ &'4'5 &/'5? 5& ?3+&'+5! 3 +  + + ?3+3++? & &@.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 &=' =&43 & '&5 =53'> 3? &' & =4&'5 + ?3+33'5&

Hel, T6ere ?as illeal ,is5issal A+ ' =4& & ? 5& >3'? >/4 +55/+! '? + + ? ;' ?3+3++? 35&/5 /+5 /+! + 3+ '5354? 5& 3'+55'5 35&/5 4&++ & +'3&35 3>5+ '? &5 =3*34>+ '? 5& /44 ;@  >+! 3'4/+3* & 44&'+ '? &5 ;'35+ & 53 &'5 K/3*4'5.

On S-ip2la-i(n aains- Marriae I' 5 3'4 @&'3'>! 5 ?'> & TT+ =&43 >3'+5 3> 3+ 55 35 +53@+ 5 5 * ++'! 3?4+ '? =/=&+ & 3> + ' 3'*3&4;4 +&34 3'+535/53&' '?! /45354! & 5 34 + 5 &/'?53&' & 5 '53&'.

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D2ncan Ass(cia-i(n (: De-ail5an+PTG!O an, Pe,r( A. Tecs(n *s. Gla;( !elc(5e P6ilippines In-erna-i(nal GR. %@341 Sep-e58er %01 3&&4 Fac-s T+&' + 3? ; G4& +  ?34 =+'553* &' O5. 2"! 1<<. C&'55 & =4&'5 +3>'?  ; T+&' +53=/45+! &'> &5+! 55  >+ 5& +5/? '? ;3? ; 5 3+53'> &=' /4+ 5& ?3+4&+ 5& '>'5 ' 3+53'> /5/ 453&'+3= ; &'+'>/3'35 & 3'35 35 &-=4&+ & =4&+ 35 &=53'> ?/> &='3+ '? +&/4? '>'5 3'? 55 +/ 453&'+3= =&++  =&++3;4 &'435 & 3'5+5! 5& +3>' & 5 &='. C&='+ C&? & E=4& C&'?/5  =&*3?+ 5 + 35 +53=/453&' 55 '>'5  5'+ 5 =4& 5& '&5 ?=5'5 3'  '&'-&/'5@3'> =&+353&' & ==53&' & =4&'5 &/5+3? & 5 &=' 5 6 &'5+. T+&' + 3'35344 ++3>'? 5& @5 G4&+ =&?/5+ 3' 5 C3'+ S/-C3'+ N&5  '? '5? 3'5& &'53 453&'+3= 35 B5+! ' =4& & A+5! G4&+ &=5353&'. B& >553'> 3?! T+&'+ D3+535 M'> 3'?? 3 +*4 53+ & 5 &'435 & 3'5+5 ;/5 3> 5&&@ =4 3' S=5. 1<<. I' #'. 1<<' & 53  +=53* =&+353&'+). U';4 5& &=4 35 &'?353&'! G4& 5'+? T+&' 5& 5 B/5/'-S/3>& C35-A>/+' ?4 S/ +4+ . A5 3+ K/+5 >3'+5 5'+ + ?'3?! T+&' ;&/>5 5 55  5& G4&+ G3*' C&355 '? 34 ='?3'>!  &'53'/? 5& 5 + ?34 =+'553* 3' 5 C3'+ S/-C3'+ N&5 +4+ . O' N&*. 1! 2000! 5 N53&'4 C&'34353&' '? M?353&' B&? /4? 55 G4&+ =&43 + *43?...

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 =&43 &  =/534 &=' =&3;353'> 35+ =4&+ & 3'> =4&+ & ' &=535& &=' 3+ *43?

Hel, T 44'>? =&43 + ;' 3=4'5? ; G4& 3=5344 '? ?3+3'5+5?4 &  4&'> =3&? & 53. I' 5 + 5 ;! 5 &? +&+ 55 G4& >* T+&' +*4 '+ 5& 433'5 5 &'435 & 3'5+5 ;&/>5 ;&/5 ; 3+ 453&'+3= 35 B5+! ;/5  '* *34? & ' & 5.

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S-ar Paper C(rp(ra-i(n *s. Si58(l GR N( %@40041 April %31 3&&@ Fac-s 5353&' S5 = C&=&53&' (5 &=') 3+  &=&53&' '>>? 3' 5?3'> J =3'3=44 &   == =&?/5+. #&+=3' O'>+35& 3+ 35+ M'> & 5 +&''4 '? A?3'3+553&' D=5'5 34 S;+53' C/ 3+ 35+ M'>3'> D35&. T *3?' & 5 =5353&'+ +& 55 +=&'?'5+ R&'4?& D. S3;&4 (S3;&4)! W34? N. C&3 (C&3) '? L&' E. E+544 (E+544)  44 >/4 =4&+ & 5 &='.1 S3;&4 + =4&? ; 5 &=' &' O5&; 27! 1<<,. H 5 A4 D35! 4+& ' =4& & 5 &='! &  3? &' #/' 27! 1<<. 3& 5& 5 3>! O'>+35& ?*3+? 5 &/=4 55 +&/4? 5 ?3? 5& >5 3?! &' & 5 +&/4? +3>' =/+/'5 5&  &=' =&43  =&/4>5? 3' 1<<!2 vi.: 1. N ==43'5+ 344 '&5 ; 44&? 5& ; 3? 3 3' + + + 89 453*! /= 5& 859 ,? ?> & 453&'+3=! 4? =4&? ; 5 &='. 2. I' + & 5& & &/ =4&+ (;&5 +3'>4+ 8 sic9! &' 4 '? '&5 4) ?*4&=?  3'?4 453&'+3= ?/3'> 5 &/+ & 53 =4&'5 '? 5' ?3?? 5& >5 3?! &' &  5 +&/4? +3>' 5& =+* 5 =&43 +55? ;&*. , S3;&4 +3>'? &' #/' 20! 1<< =/+/'5 5& 5 &=' =&43. " C&3 + 3? ; 5 &=' &' F;/ ! 1<<7. S 5 H&? C&3!  &-=4&! & + 3? &' #/' 1! 2000. O'>+35& 43@3+ 3'?? 5 55 =/+/'5 5& &=' =&43! &' /+5 +3>' +&/4? 5 ?3? 5& >5 3?. C&3 +3>'? &' #/' ,0! 2000.  E+544 + 3? &' #/4 2 (%/3>)! 4+&  &-&@. 5353&'+ +55? 55 %/3>!  3? '! >&5 E+544 =>''5. T &=' 44>?4 &/4? * 53'5?  +*3+ ?/ 5& 3&435 ;/5 + &=5? 5& +3>' &' D; 21! 1<<<. 6 T +=&'?'5+  +3>'?  R4+ '? C&'353&' A>'5. T +55? 53' 55 5 * '& &' '? =&=5 &/'5;34353+ 3' 5 &=' '? 55 5 4+ 5 455 & ' 43 & ?'? & 5* '5/. 7 R+=&'?'5+ &  ?3'5 *+3&' & 53 ?3+3++4. S3;&4 '? C&3 44> 55 5 ?3? '&5 +3>' *&4/'534 5  &=44? 5& +3>' 3' *3 & ' 344>4 &=' =&43. A+ 5& +=&'?'5 E+544! + 44>+ 55 + ?  453&'+3= 35 &-&@ %/3> & 3+=+'5? 3+4 +  3? ;/5 +=5? '. A5  >&5  =>''5! + ?3+&*? 55  + '&5 +=5?. T/+! + +*?  453&'+3= 35 3 5& *&3? ?3+3++4 ?/ 5& 5 &=' =&43. O' N&*; ,0! 1<<5. S + ?'3? '5.

Page57of153 R+=&'?'5+ 45 34?  &=43'5 & /'3 4;& =53! &'+5/53* ?3+3++4! +=53&' = '? 55&'+ +. T *? 55 5 &'53&'? &=' =&43 3+ 344>4 '? &'5*'+ A534 1,6 & 5 L;& C&?. T 4+& &'5'?? 55 5  ?3+3++? ?/ 5& 53 /'3&' ;+3=.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 5 & 5 &=' &'+535/5? + ' /'3 4;& =53

Hel, T L;& C&? 3+ 5 &+5 &='+3* =3 & 4>3+453&' =&553'> 4;&. T + 5 ;  3'*&4*+ A534 1,6 & 5 L;& C&? 3 =&*3?+: A5. 1,6. I5 +44 ; /'4/4 & ' =4& 5& K/3 +  &'?353&' & =4&'5 &  &'53'/53&' & =4&'5 55  &' =4& +44 '&5 >5 3?! & 5& +53=/45 =++4 &  5354 55 /=&' >553'> 3?  &' =4& +44 ; ?? +3>'? & +=5?! & 5& 5/44 ?3+3++! ?3+>! ?3+33'5 & &53+ =/?3  &' =4& 4 ; +&' &   3>. R+=&'?'5+ +/;35 55 53 ?3+3++4 *3&45+ 5 ;&* =&*3+3&'. 5353&'+ 44> 55 35+ =&43  == 5& ; &'5 5& A534 1,6 & 5 L;& C&? ;/5 35 ++/+  ' '3'> 3 ? 5&>5 35 5 3+5 =>= & 5 /4. T /4 ?&+ '&5 K/3 5 &' =4& 5& +3>'. T =4& +=&/++ * 5 3>5 5& &&+ & ;5' 5 +&/4? +3>'. F/5! 5   5&  =+&'+ &5 5' &-=4&+. H'! 35 3+ '&5 5 354 +55/+ & 5 =4&!  per se! 55 3+ ;3'> ?3+33'5?. I5 3+ &'4 3'5'?? 5&  &/5 35+ '&-=4&'5-&-453*+-353'-553?-?>-=&43 3 3+ 353' 5 ;35 & 5 =&>53*+ & '>'5. 16 5353&'+ +&4 &'5'53&' 55 5 &=' ?3? '&5 /+5 '5 5& * 5& (2) & & & 35+ =4&+ 45? ;5' 5 53? ?> ; 3'35 '?& &'+'>/3'35 , 3+ 4. T5 5 +&'?  =>= + '5 5& >3* 55 5& 5 3+5 =>= & 5 K/+53&'? /4 ,< 3+ *3?'54 '&5 5 *43? +&';4 ;/+3'++ '++35 K/3? ; 5 4. I5 3+ +3>'33'5 5& '&5 55 3' 5 + 5 ;! +=&'?'5+  3? 5 5  &/'? 35 & 5  &;! ;/5  +@? 5& +3>' ' 5 3?  &-=4&. 5353&'+ 34? 5& +& & 5 3> & S3;&4! 5'  S53'> M3' O=5&! 5& A4 D35! 5' ' =4& & 5 R=@3'> S53&'! &/4? ; ?53'54 5& 35+ ;/+3'++ &=53&'+. N35 ?3? =5353&'+ =43' & 53+ ?53'5 344 ==' 3' 5 + & W34? C&3! 5'  &?/53&' H4= 3' 5 S453'> D=5'5! & 3? H&? C&3! 5'  4= 3' 5 /55-3'. T =&43 3+ =3+? &' 5   55 =4&+ 3? 5&  &5 344 ; 4++ 33'5. I  /=&4? 5 K/+53&'? /4 35&/5 *43? /+53353&'! 5 =4& ' 5 =&433+ ;+? &' ' /'=&*' =+/=53&' &   =3*? ?'> 5 5 ='+ & ' =4&+ 3>5 5& +/35 & 5'/.

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Del M(n-e P6ils *s. elasc( GR N( %<"4001 Marc6 @1 3&&0 Fac-s L&435 M. V4+& (+=&'?'5) +55? &@3'> 35 D4 M&'5 343==3'+ (=5353&') &' O5&;  21! 1<76 +  ++&'4 =4& '? + >/43? &' M 1! 1<77. H 45+5 ++3>''5 + + F34? L;&. O' #/' 16! 1<7! +=&'?'5 + '? 3' 353'> ?/ 5&  ;+'+. O' M "! 1<<1! +=&'?'5! 5/  455! + >3' '? 3' 353'> ; =5353&' ;&/5  ;+'+ 35&/5  =3++3&' '?  &35/ &  *53&' 4* '5354'5 & 5  1<<0-1<<1 + 3=&+? >3'+5 . O' S=5; 1"! 1<<2! '&5 '3'> 455 + +'5 5& +=&'?'5 >?3'>  ;+'+ 35&/5 =3++3&' ?/3'> 5  1<<1-1<<2. H *53&' '5354'5 & 5 +3? =4&'5   5? + &'+K/'54 &35?. I' *3 & 5 +3? 44>? ;+'+ 35&/5 =3++3&'! &' S=5; 17! 1<<"!  '&53 & 3'> + +'5 5& +=&'?'5 '&533'>  & 5 >+ 34? >3'+5  & *3&453'> 5 A;+' W35&/5 O334 L* /4: 55 3+ & ++3* ;+' 35&/5  =3++3&' &' A/>/+5 1-1! 2<-,1 '? S=5; 1-10! 1<<". T 3'> + +5 &' S=5; 2,! 1<<". R+=&'?'5 *3'> 34? 5& == &' S=5; 2,! 1<<" 3'>! '&5 '&53 & 3'> + +'5 5&  +553'> 5 3'*+53>53&' &' S=5; ,0! 1<<". I5 + >3' +5 5& O5&; ! 1<<". O' #'/ 10! 1<<! 5 3'>! 5 =5353&' 53'5? 5 +*3+ & +=&'?'5 53* #'/ 16! 1<<" ?/ 5& ++3* ;+'+ 35&/5 =3++3&'.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 +=&'?'5 + 344>44 ?3+3++?

Hel, I' 53+ +! ; 5 +/ & +/;+5'534 *3?'! 5 3+ &'5&443'> 3+ 5 3'?3'> & 5 NLRC '? 5 CA 55 +=&'?'5 + =>''5 '? +/? & 45? 34'5+. I5 &/4? ; /'+&';4 5& 3+&45 +/ &'?353&' +5354 5& 5 ?5+ +55? 3' 5 M?34 C5335 & 5 D3+> S/. I5 ' ; +4 ++/? 55 5 ;+'+ 55  '&5 &*? ;! ;/5 3 '&'54++ ==&35! 5 ?5+ +55? 3' 5 D3+> S/ '? M?34 C5335!  ?/ 5& 5 &'53'/3'> &'?353&' &   =>'' '? 45? 344'+++! '?! '!  /+533? ;+'+. I' 53+ /3+?353&' 5?3'++ '? ;+'53+! 43@ ;'?&''5!  &>'3? &+ & '>45 &  ?/53+! 5 3+5' & 3 /+53 5 ?3+3++4 & 5 3'> =4&. R+=&'?'5+ /4 ='433'> 35 ?3+> ' =4& & + 3'/? +3 (6) & & ;+'+ 35&/5 =3++3&' & +/;+K/'5 /+53353&' 3+ ?355?4 353' 5 =/*3 & 5 &>&3'> +5'??. T C&/5 >+ 35 5 CA 3' &'4/?3'> 55 +=&'?'5+ +3@'++ + =>''-45? '?! 5&! 5 =5353&' ''&5 53'5 +=&'?'5+ +*3+ ;/+ 3' ?&3'> +&! =5353&' 344! 3' 5! ; *3&453'> 5 L;& C&? 3 =&3;35+ ' =4& 5& ?3+> ' =4& &' &/'5 &  5 455+ =>''.11

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Yras2e2i *s. P6ilippine Airlines GR %@/&/%1 Oc-(r8er %01 3&&/ Fac-s 5353&' +  & 3'5'53&'4 43>5 +5? & AL. H ? =&;4+ 53'> 5 K/3? 3>5 +5'??+ & ;3' '? . H + ?*3+? 5& >& &' 4* 35&/5 = +*4 53+ 5& ??++ 3+ 3>5 &''+! 5& '& *34. AL ? 3 >&/'?? /'534 +/ 53  +53+5&34 &=43+ 35 5 3>5 +5'??+ '?  + ?35? 5& =&5 * 5& @+ & 3>5 @+. O' N&*; ! 1<<2! =5353&' 3>? 20 4;+!  ;&'? 3+ 3?4 3>5 & 166 4;+. O' #/' 1! 1<<,! =5353&' + &44 3'&? ; AL 55 ?/ 5& 3+ 3';3435 5& 553' 3+ 3?4 3>5! '? &'+3?3'> 5 /5&+5 4'3' 5'?? 5& 3 3 +=''?  =3&? &*3'>  5&54 & 4&+5 3* () +! 3+ +*3+  &'+3?? 53'5? 53* 3?354

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 =5353&' + 344>44 ?3+3++?.

Hel, T &;+35 & =5353&' 3+  >&/'? & ?3+3++4 /'? A534 22() 8""9 & 5 L;& C&?. 8T9 +5'??+ *3&45? 3' 53+ +  '&5  &?+ & 5 =4& 5  5 =+3;? 3>5+ 55  ;3'  /+5 3'53' in order to /ualify for and +eep %is or %er position in t%e company. I' &5 &?+! 5  +5'??+ 55 +5;43+ continuin# /ualifications & ' =4&+  =&+353&'. B 35+ '5/! 5+ K/433'> +5'??+  '&+ 55 ==4  prior to and after ' =4& 3+ 3?. T ==4 prior to employment  ;/+ 5+  5 +5'??+  &; ==43'5 /+5 3'35344 5 3' &? 5& ; 3?. T ==4 after %irin# ;/+ ' =4& /+5 &'53'/ 5& 5 5+ +5'??+ 34 &' 5 &; 3' &? 5& @= 3+ &;. U'? 53+ =+=53*!  *3&453&' 3+ '&5 &' & 5 /45+ &  3 ' =4& ' ; ?3+3++? T ?3+3++4 & =5353&' ' ; =?35? &' 5 ;&' 3? &/=53&'4 K/43353&' ?'+. A35+ * &'+535? ;3' +=! '? '& 3+4+ '? 35 ?&&+. B3'> &*33>5 3=?+ &;3435 3' 53+ & >'3+  +&'?+  =3&/+. 5353&' + '&5! 5&! 344>44 ?3+3++?. H 3+ '5354? 5&  +=53&' =! 3'4/?3'> 3+ >/4 44&'+.

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!aes an, !ae Ra-i(nali)a-i(n Ac- an, i(la-i(n (: !aes S.I.P F((, H(2se e-. Al *s. Ba-(lina GR N( %340"1 Oc-(8er %%1 3&%& Fac-s  T GSIS M/453-/=&+ C&&=53* ( GM&C ) 3+ ' '535 &>'3? ; 5 =4&+ & 5 G&*''5 S*3 I'+/' S+5 ( GSIS ). I'3?'54 5& 35+ =/=&+! GMC '5? 5& &=5  '5' 3' 5 ' GSIS B/34?3'>! ;/5 ? '& =;3435 '? =53+ 3' 53+ . T/+! 35 '>>? 5 +*3+ & 5 =5353&' S.I.. F&&? H&/+ ( SI& )! &'? ; 5 +=&/++ A4'?& '? E+5 ;4&! + &'++3&'3. T +=&'?'5+ R+535/5& B5&43' '? '3' (<) &5+ ( t%e respondents) &@? + 35+ '? 35+++ 3' 5 '5'. I' F;/ 200"! GMC 53'5? SI+ &'55 + GMC &'++3&'3.T 53'53&' &  5 &'++3&' &'55 /+? 5 53'53&' & 5 +=&'?'5+ =4&'5! =&=53'> 5 5& 34  &=43'5 & 344>4 ?3+3++4! 35 &' 43+! >3'+5 SI '? 5 +=&/++ ;4&. NLRC /4? 3' *& & 5 =5353&' '? CA 3? 5 /43'> & NLRC.SI +@+  *+4 & 5 ==445 &/5+ /43'> 55 35 + 5 =4& & 5 +=&'?'5+! 433'> 55 35 + 4  4;&-&'4 &'55& &  GMC

Iss2e W5 & '&5 SI + 43;4 5& 5 & 53 +55/5& ;'35+! 45&/> 35 + '&5 ? 5& '+ & 53 4&+5 =4&'5 ?/ 5& 5 3'*&4/'5 '5/ & 5 '5'+ 4&+/

R2lin W 43@3+ 3 5 CA /43'> &' 5 &'5 ? 5& B5&43' '? 5 &5  &=43''5+. T  ;&? '? 4&?>3'> SI /'3+? 5 =4&+ ''&5 &=5 +  +5-& &  5 /'?='5 & 53 >+. W 4? 3'  Mabea v. 0ational Labor $elations Commission 819 55 5 =4& ''&5 +3=4 ??/5 & 5 =4&+ >+ 5 *4/ & 5 ;&? '? 4&?>3'> 35&/5 +53+3'> 5 &44&3'> K/3'5+: (1) =&& 55 +/ 34353+  /+5&34 /'3+? ; 5 5? (2) *&4/'5 =5' 3' 353'> ; 5 =4&+ & 5 ??/53;4 34353+ '? (,)  =&& & 5 3 '? +&';4 *4/ & 5 34353+ >?. A+ 5 CA =54 '&5?! 35 3+ 4 & 5 &?+ 55 SI 34? 5& &=4 35 5+ K/3'5+. O' 5 &4454 3++/ & 5 =&= &=/553&' & 5 &'5 ?!  4+& 3'? 5 CA /43'> 5& ; 3' &?. I'??! 3' 5 ;+' & *3?' 55 5 =4&+ &@? & 26 ?+  &'5! '& '? 3+5+ 5& &=/5 5 ? & 5 +=&'?'5+ &  =43354 433'> & 53 +43+ '?  ;'35+ & 5 +*3+ '?? & M&'? 5& F3? &  ?+  @ &  5&54 & 20 ?+  &'5.

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SLL In-erna-i(nal ca8les Specialis- *s NLRC GR N(. %03%@%1 Marc6 31 3&%% Fac-s S&53 3' 1<<6! '? #'/ 1<<7! =3*5 +=&'?'5+  3? ; =5353&' L>&' + =='53 & 53' ;443''. T 5  =3? 5 /44 3'3/ > '? &5 ;'35+ ;/5 +3' 5  &'4 53'+! 5 ?3? '&5 =&5 & &@ >/44 ;/5  3' + +/;+535/5+ 5& 5 >/4 &@+ & 3' /'?5@3'>+ 55 '?? 5 &@+ 5& =?35 &=453&' & &@. S&&' 5  5  '>>? + =3*5 =4&+ & 53 I+4& =&5 3' B&&4. 3*5 +=&'?'5+ +55? &' M 1! 1<<7 /'534 D; 1<<7. U=&' 5 &=453&' & 53 =&5! 53 =4&'5 + 4+& 53'5?. 3*5 +=&'?'5+ 3*? 5 &/'5 & 1".00! 5 3'3/ =+3;? ?34 > & R>3&' VII. I' #/4 1<<7! 5 &/'5 & 1" + 3'+? 5& 10.00 '? 3' O5&; & 5 + ! 5 455 + 3'+? 5& 1.00. O' M 21! 1<<&'+ =&5 3' C3'! C4&&' C35 35 F//@ C&=&53&' + 5 >'4 &'55&. T3 &'55 &/4? =3 &' F;/ 2! 2000! 5 =3&? & &=453&' & 5 =&5. F& M 21! 1<<7-D; 1<< & 1".00. A5 53+ 53! 5 3'3/ =+3;? 5 & M'34 + 1<.00. I' #'/ 5& F;/ 2! 5 5 3*? 5 > & 16.00. T 3+53'> 5 5 55 53 + 21,.00. F& +&'+ & ?4 &' 5 ?43* & 3=&5? 534+ & F//@ C&=&53&'! 5 C3'  =&5 + '&5 &=45? &' 5 +?/4? ?5 & &=453&'. F8?9 35 &'&3 =&;48+9! L>&' + &'+53'? 5& /5 ?&' 5 &*53 &@ & 35+ &@8+98!9 3'4/?3'> =3*5 +=&'?'5+. T/+! ' K/+5? ; =3*5 +=&'?'5+ &' F;/ 2! 2000 5& &@ &*53! L>&' /+? '? 5&4? =3*5 +=&'?'5+ 55 3 5 3'+3+5! 5 &/4? * 5& >& & 5 53 &' ='+ '? 55 5 &/4? '&5 ; >3*' '& 53 '& 44&? 5& +5 3' 5 K/5+. T3+ =&=5? =3*5 +=&'?'5+ 5& 4* 53 &@ '? '5 & 5& C;/. O' M ,! 2000! =3*5 +=&'?'5+ 34?  &=43'5 & 344>4 ?3+3++4! '&'-='5 & >+! &43? =! 1, 5 &'5 = & 1<<7 '? 1<< '? +*3 3''53* 4* = + 44 + ?>+ '? 55&'+ +

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 +=&'?'5 +&/4? ; 44&? 5& &* 5 ?3'534 ?/ 5& 5 34/ & 5  =5353&' 5& = 5 3'3/ >. W5 & '&5 *4/ & 5 34353+ 55 5 =3*5 +=&'?'5+ '&? +&/4? ; 3'4/?? 3' 5 &=/553&' & 5 >+ 3*? ; 5

Hel, A+  >'4 /4! &' ='5 & >+!  =5 & 44>+ ='5 +  ?'+ + 5 ;/?' &   =&*3'> 35. S=3344 35 +=5 5& 4;& ++! 5 ;/?' & =&*3'> ='5 & &'5 43+ +5+ &' 5 =4&! 5 53&'4 ;3'> 55 5 =53''5 =+&''4 34+! =&44+! &?+! 355'+ '? &5 +334 ?&/'5+ -- 3 344 +& 55 &*53! ?3'534+! +*3 3''53* 4* '? &5 43+ & &@+ * ;' =3? --  '&5 3' 5 =&++++3&' & 5 &@ ;/5 3' 5 /+5&? '? ;+&4/5 &'5&4 & 5 =4&. I' 53+ +! =5353&'+! +3? & ; 44>53&'+ 55 =3*5 +=&'?'5+ 3*? >+ 3>  5' 5 =+3;? 3'3/! 34? 5& =+'5 ' *3?'! +/ + =&44 & =+43=+! 5& +/==&5 53  ?'+ & ='5. T/+! =5353&'+ /554 34? 5& ?3+> 5 onus probandi. O' 5 5 *4/ & 5 34353+ +&/4? ; 3'4/?? 3' 5 &=/553&' & 5 >+ 3*? ;  =3*5 +=&'?'5+! S53&' 1 & DOLE M&'?/ C3/4 N&. 2 =&*3?+ 55 ' =4&   =&*3? +/;+3?3? 4+ '? +'@+ 5& 3+ =4&+ =&*3?? 55 5 +/;+3? +44 '&5 ; 4++ 55 ,0 & 5 3 '? +&';4 *4/ & +/ 34353+. I' +/ ++! 5 =4&  ??/5 & 5 >+ & 5 =4&+ '&5 & 5' 70 & 5 *4/ & 5 4+ '? +'@+ '&? ; 5 455!  =&*3?? 55 +/ ??/53&' 3+ 35 5 355' /5&353&' & 5 =4&+ &''?.

Page62of153 M&&*! ;& 5 *4/ & 34353+ ' ; ??/5? & 5 =4&+ >+! 5 &44&3'> K/3+35+ /+5 44 ; 55'?'5:  first,  =&& /+5 ; +&' 55 +/ 34353+  /+5&34 /'3+?  ; 5 5? + econd ! 5 =&*3+3&' & ??/53;4 34353+ /+5 ; *&4/'534 =5? 3' 353'> ; 5 =4& '? finally! 34353+ /+5 ; >? 5 +&';4 *4/. 8209 M *34'5 3+ '&5 +/33'5 5& 44& ??/53&'+ & =4&+ >+. 8219 T+ K/3'5+! &*! * '&5 ;' 5 3' 53+ +. SLL 34? 5& =+'5 ' &='  =&43 & >/3?43' +&3'> 55 =&*3+3&'+ & 4+ '? 4&?>3'>  =5 & 5 =4&+ +43+. I5 4+& 34? 5& =&*3? =&& & 5 =4&+ 355' /5&353&'! / 4++ +& & 5 3*? 5 53 *4/53&'+. A5 ' 5! 35 3+ '&5 *' 4 5 =3*5 +=&'?'5+ 5/44 '&? +3? 34353+. I' +&5! 5 ;'35 & =3*34> >3*' 5& 5 =4& 3 &'+535/5+ ' 5 /'53&' ;&* '? &* 3+ ;+3 & &?3' '3'> & > 3+ +/==4'5 '? ' +3? ;'35 & =3*34> 3+  =5 & 5 4;&+ ;+3 >+! 35 3+  3435. T ?3+53'53&' 43+ '&5 +& / 3' 5 @3'? & ;'35 &  35 (&&?! 4&?>3'>! ;&'/+ & +3@ 4*) >3*'! ;/5 3' 5 =/=&+ & 3 35 3+ >3*'. I' 5 + 5  ;'! 5 35+ =&*3??  >3*' 4 ; SLL & 5 =/=&+ & 3'53'3'> 5 33' '? 45 & 35+ &@+ 34 5  &@3'> 5 53 +=53* =&5+. F& +3? +&'! 5 ++ &  A#abon '? Gla1o  3'==43;4 3' 53+ +. A5 ' 5! 5+  ++ & ?3+3++4 35 /+5 '? /5&3? /++. T =+'5 + 3'*&4*+ 5 55 & 5 34/ &  5 =5353&'+ 5& &=4 35 5 ='5 & 5 =+3;? 3'3/ >. T C&/5 +/+53'+ 5 ?453&' & 5 ? & ?3'534+ 35 +=5 5& +=&'?'5 R&4?' L&=. A+ &54 =&3'5? &/5 ; 5 CA!  ?3? '&5 &@ & 5 =&5 3' A'53=&4&.

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erara1 'r. *s. C(ca+C(la B(--lers P6ils Inc. G.R. N(. %0@/< Fac-s 5353&' + ' =4& & +=&'?'5 /'534  53? + D3+535 S4+ S/=*3+& (DSS). A+ +53=/45? 3' +=&'?'5+ 3+53'> R53'5 4' R/4+ '? R>/453&'+ 5 5 53! 5 A''/4 &' I''53*  & RSM+! DSS+! '? SSS+ +44 ; &'+3?? 3' 5 &=/553&' & 53'5  ;'35+! + &44&+: B+3 M&'54 S4  M&'54 A*> &' I''53* (3 3+ 5 5&54  =&' 3''53* '? ?/3'> 5  3?354 =?3'>  12 &'5+)  N&. & Y+ 3' S*3. C433'> 3+ '5354'5 5& ' ??353&'4 ="7"!600.00 + S4+ M'>'5 I''53*+ (SMI) '? 5& 5 &/'5 & ="<6!016.67 3 +=&'?'5 44>?4 ??/5? 344>44! =+'53'> 5 /'=3? &/'5+ & 5& ?4+ 353' 3+ /3+?353&'! =5353&' 34?  &=43'5 ;& 5 NLRC & 5 ='5 & 3+ F/44 R53'5 B'35+! M35 I'+! C&3++3&'I''53*+! L'>5 & S*3! A5/4! M&4 '? E=4 D>+! '? A55&'+ F+. H&*! 5 =53+ /5?  C&=&3+ A>'5! ; =5353&' @'&4?>? /44 ='5 ; +=&'?'5 & 5 &/'5 & ="<6!016 &*3'> 5 &/'5 344>44 ??/5?.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 SMI +&/4? ; 3'4/?? 3' 5 &=/553&' & =5353&'+ 53'5 ;'35+ &' 5 >&/'? & &'+3+5'5 &=' =53. (5 =5353&' 3'+3+5'54 *+ 55 ' DSS+ & 53? 35&/5 3*3'> 5 +4+ '? &4453&' 5>5+  >3*' 5 *> SMI 3' 53 53'5 =@>.

Hel, N>53*. G'44! =4&+ *  *+5? 3>5 &* 3+53'> ;'35+ *&4/'534 >'5? 5& 5 ; 53  =4&. T/+! ' ;'35 '? +/==4'5 ;3'> '&? ; 5 =4&+ ''&5 ; ?/?! ?33'3+?! ?3+&'53'/? & 433'5? ; 5 =4&. T =3'3=4 & '&'-?33'/53&' & ;'35+ 3+ 5/44 &/'?? &' 5 C&'+535/53&'4 '?5 5& =&55 5 3>5+ & &@+! 5& =&&5 53 4! '? 5& &? 5 /44 =&553&'. I' 5/'! +3? '?5 3+ 5 ;+3+ & A534 " & 5 L;& C&? 3 +55+ 55 44 ?&/;5+ 3' 5 3=4'553&' '? 3'5=553&' & 53+ C&?! 3'4/?3'> 35+ 3=4'53'> /4+ '? >/453&'+! +44  ; '?? 3' *& & 4;&. T 3+ ?33'/53&' & ;'35+ ' 5 &44&3'> K/3+35+  =+'5: (1) 5 >'5 & ;'35 3+ &/'?? &'  =&43 & + 3='? 3'5&  =53 &*  4&'> =3&? & 53 (2) 5 =53 3+ &'+3+5'5 '? ?43;5 (,) 5 =53 3+ '&5 ?/ 5& & 3' 5 &'+5/53&' & ==4353&' &  ?&/;5/4 & ?33/45 K/+53&' & 4 '? (") 5 ?33'/53&' & ?3+&'53'/' 3+ ?&' /'34544 ; 5 =4&. T& ; &'+3?? +  >/4 &=' =53! 5 =4& /+5 =&* ; +/;+5'534 *3?' 55 5 >3*3'> & 5 ;'35 /+5 ; 53? ; >/435! *&4/'5 '? ?43;5 3'5'5 & 5 =4& 5& >'5 5 ;'35 &*  &'+3?;4 =3&? & 53. U=&' *3 & 5 '53 + &?+! 5 SC 3'?+ '& +/;+5'534 *3?' 5& =&* 55 5 >'5 & SMI 5& 44 53? DSS+ >?4++ & 5 & '&5 5 K/43 5& 5 + ? 3='? 3'5& &='  =53. D+=35 & 5' +/33'5 &==&5/'35 >3*' 3 34 3+ + + ='?3'> ;& 5 NLRC! 5 CA '? *' 5& 5 SC! =5353&' /554 34? 5& ??/ =&& 5& +5;43+ 3+ 44>53&' 55 SMI +  ;' &'+3+5'54! ?43;54 '? *&4/'534 >'5? 5& 44 53? DSS+ 35&/5 ' K/43353&' &  &'?353&'+ 5+&*.

R(9al Plan- !(rers $ni(n *. C(ca+C(la B(--lers P6ils Inc. + Ce82 Plan-1

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G.R. N(. %/0/"1 April %<1 3&%" Fac-s T +=&'?'5 =4&? ;&5543'> &=5&+! &  ;+ & R&4 4'5 W&@+ (=5353&'+). T  20 ;&5543'> &=5&+ & &@ & 35+ B&5543'> L3' 1 34 5  12-1" ;&5543'> &=5&+ & ' 35+ ;&5543'> L3' 2. T =5353&'+ &@ 3' 5& +35+. T 3+5 +35 3+ &  .. 5&  =.. '? 5 +&'? +35 3+ &  =.. /= 5& 5 53 =&?/53&' &=53&'+ 3+ 3'3+?. T/+! 5 +&'? +35 *3+ '?  '? ;&'?  &/+. H&*! 5 =5353&'+  &='+5? 35 &*53 = 3 5 +35 5'?+ ;&'?  &/+. F&  B&5543'> L3' 1! 10 =5353&'+ &@ &  +35 34 5 &5 6 5& 7 =5353&'+ &@ &  +35 &  B&5543'> 2. E +35 + &553&'+ & &@ 53 '? ;@ 53. 3& 5& S=5; 200! 5 &553&' 3+ 53+: 5 5& '?  4 &/+ & &@! 5 =5353&'+  >3*'  ,0-3'/5 ;@ '? 53+ >&+ &' /'534 5 +35 '?+. I' S=5; 200 '? /= 5& 5 =+'5! 5 &553&' + '>? '? =5353&'+  '& >3*'  ,03'/5 ;@ 5 &' '? &' 4 &/+ & &@. I' 1<7"! 5 =5353&'+ & 5' B&5543'> L3' 2  =&*3?? 35 3+ /=&' 53 K/+5. I' 1<! 5 =5353&'+ & 5' B&5543'> L3' 1 &44&? +/35 '? +@? 5& ; =&*3?? 4+& 35 3+. T3  K/+5 + 43@3+ >'5?. S&53 3' S=5; 200! 5 3+ =&*3?? & 5 =5353&'+  &*? =/+/'5 5&  '53&'4 ?353*. T3+ ?353* 3+ 3' 43' 35 5 I O=5! I M3'53'! I C4'  =&> & +=&'?'5 & =5353&'+! 3' * =5353&' 3+ >3*' 5 +=&'+3;3435 5& @= 5 3' '? K/3='5 ++3>'? 5& 3 4' '? +. T =&> 3'&+ 5 5+@ & =5353&'+ 5& &'+5'54 &* ;&/5 3' 5 =&' & 53 ?/53+ '? +=&'+3;34353+. W35 53+ 5+@ & &*3'> &'+5'54 5& @ &' 5 3' '? K/3='5 ++3>'? 5& 3!   =5353&' ?&+ '&5 '?  3 '&! '! +=&'?'5+ ?353* 5& &* 5. F/5&!  =5353&' 53&'43? 55 5 &*4 & 5 3+ 3+ 3=4'5? +& 55 5 =5353&'+ 344 *&3? +4=3'>! 5/+! =*'5 3'/3+ 5& 53 =+&'+. A+ =5353&'+  &@3'> 35 3'+ 3 &'+3+5 &  &*3'> =5+! 35 3+ 3=53* 55 5 +&/4? '&5 44 +4= + 5& ?& +& &/4? =&+ 5 5& ? '? 3'/3+. I' ??353&'! +4=3'> 344 = 5 33'5 4& & &=53&'+ + =5353&'+ &/4? ; /';4 5&  =& 53 ?/53+ &=5'54.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 ==4 5& 5 CA *3  =5353&' & *3 /'? R/4 ", & 5 1<<7 R/4+ & C3*34 &?/  =&= ? 5& K/+53&' 5 ?3+3&' & 5 A;3553&' C&355. W5 & '&5 5 +=&'?'5+ ?3+3&' 5& /'34544 &* 5 =5353&'+ 3+ & 5  =&?/53&''/5/3'> 43'+ & 35+ ;&5543'> =4'5+ 3+ *43?.

Hel, 1.) Y+. T C&/5 + 4? /4? 3'  '/; & ++ 55  ?3+3&' & ? &  *&4/'5 ;355& 3+ ==4;4 5& 5 CA *3  =5353&' & *3 /'? R/4 ",. H'! /=&' 3=5 &' M 26! 200, & 5 V&4/'5 A;355&+ R+&4/53&' ?'3'> =5353&'+ &53&' & &'+3?53&'! =5353&' +&/4? * 34? 35 5 CA! 353' 5 1 ? >4'5 =3&?!  =5353&' & *3! '&5  =5353&' & 53&3. 2.) Y+. T 3+  V43? E3+ & M'>'5 &>53*. T C&/5 + 4? 55 '>'5 3+  5& >/45! 44 +=5+ & =4&'5! 3'4/?3'> 33'>! &@ ++3>''5+! &@3'> 5&?+! 53! =4! '? '' & &@! =&+++ 5& ; &44&?! +/=*3+3&' & &@+! &@3'> >/453&'+! 5'+ &  =4&+! &@ +/=*3+3&'! 4-& & &@+! '? ?3+3=43'! ?3+3++4 '? 44 & &@+. T

Page65of153 3+ & '>'5 =&>53*! &*! 3+ '&5 ;+&4/5 + 35 /+5 ; 3+? 3' >&&? 35 '? 35 ?/ >? 5& 5 3>5+ & 4;&. I' =+'5 &'5&*+! 35 ''&5 ; ?'3? 55 CCBI &*? 5 &=5&+ 3+ =/+/'5 5&  '53&'4 ?353* '? 3' 43' 35 35+ I O=5! I M3'53'! I C4' =&>! 4/'? 5& ';4 5 U'3&' 5&  =& 53 ?/53+ '? +=&'+3;34353+ & 33'54. T 3+  '&5 &*? 3'?3+33'54. T  /44 +5/?3? 35 ?/ >? 5& 5 4 & 5 ;+ & 5 U'3&'. T &*4 & 5 3+ + c(5pensa-e, 89  )  re,2c-i(n & 5 (pera-in 6(2rs & 5 ;&5543'> &=5&+ &  5&'?-&'-4 &/ &553&' 5&  &'-'?- 4 &/ &553&' =3&? '? ;) ' increase & 5 8rea peri(, & 1 5& ,0 3'/5+ ;5' &553&'+. #/3+=/?' &>'3+ 5 3+ & '>'5 =&>53*+. L;& 4+ 4+& ?3+&/> 3'5'+ 35 ' =4&+ /?>'5 3' 5 &'?/5 & 35+ ;/+3'++. F& 53+ +&'! 5 C&/5 &5' ?43'+ 5& 3'5 3' 4>3535 ;/+3'++ ?3+3&'+ & =4&+. T 4 /+5 =&55 '&5 &'4 5 4 & 5 =4&+! ;/5 4+& 5 3>5 & 5 =4&+.

T6e Na-i(nal !aes # Pr(,2c-i*i-9 C(55issi(n e- al.1 *s. T6e Alliance (: Pr(ressi*e La8(r e- al

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GR N(. %<&"3@1 Marc6 %31 3&%4 Fac-s O' #/' /3?43'+ &' >+! 3'&+ '?  =&?/53*35 3=&*'5 5 5 '5=3+! 3'?/+5 '? '53&'4 4*4+ 5& =+3; /4+ '? >/3?43'+ &  5 ?53'53&' & ==&=35 3'3/ > '? =&?/53*35 +/+ 5 5 >3&'4! =&*3'34 &  3'?/+5 4*4+ '? 5& *3 >3&'4 > 4*4+ +5 ; 5 RTWB+ 5& ?53' 5 5 4*4+  3' &?' 35 5 =+3;? >/3?43'+ '? '53&'4 ?*4&='5 =4'+! &'> &5+. O' 5 &5  '?! A5. 122(;) & 5 L;& C&?! 4+& '?? ; S53&' , & 5 RA N&. 6727! 5+@? 5 RTWB+ 5& ?53' '? 3 3'3/ > 5+ ==43;4 3' 53 >3&'! =&*3'+ & 3'?/+53+ 53' '? 5& 3++/ 5 &+=&'?3'> > &?+! +/;5 5& 5 >/3?43'+ 3++/? ; 5 NWC. T RTWB+  4+& '?5? 5& 3*! =&++ '? 5 &' ==4353&'+ & =53&' & 5 =+3;? > 5+ +  ;  =&*3?? ; 4 & ' > &?. C&'+K/'54! 5 RTWB-NCR 3++/? W> O? &' O5&; 1"! 1<<< 3=&+3'> ' 3'+ &  2.0? &' 5 >+ & 44 =3*5 +5& &@+ '? =4&+ 3' 5 NCR '? =>>3'> 5 3'3/ > 5 3' 5 NCR 5 22,.0?. U'? +53&' 2 & 5 W> O?! 5 ?/+5'5 3' 53+ O? ?&+ '&5 &* 5 &44&3'>: W&@+ 3' 5 &44&3'> +5&+ 3  >'5? &+=&'?3'> > 3'++ &' #'/ 1! 1<<< ; W> O?: A>3/45/4 &@+! &55>'?35 3'?/+5! =3*5 &+=354+ 35  ;? =35 & 100 & 4++! '? 534+*3 +5;43+'5+ =4&3'> 11-1 &@+ & =4&3'> '&5 & 5' 10 &@+ W&@+ 3' +44 +5;43+'5+ =4&3'> 4++ 5' 10 &@+. I' S53&' /453&'+ 3++/? ; 5 C&3++3&'! 5 &44&3'>  ; =5 & 5 ==43;3435 & 53+ O?: 1) D3+5++? +5;43+'5+ + ?3'? 3' 5 NWC G/3?43'+ '? 2) E=&5+ 3'4/?3'> 3'?35 =&5+ 35 5 4+5 0 =&5 +4+ '? 35 &? &'55+ 35 53 &3>' ;/+=3'3=4+ '5? 3'5& &' & 54* (12) &'5+ ;& 5 ?5 &   =/;4353&' & 53+ O?  ; =5 ?/3'> 5 4353 & +3? &'55 ;/5 '&5 5& ? 12 &'5+ & 5 53*35 & 53+ O?. F43'> >>3*? ; 53 '&'-&*> ; 5 > ?/+5'5! 5 AL '? TNMR ==4 35 5  NWC ++343'> S53&' 2 (A) '? S53&' < (2) & W> O?. T &'5'?? 55 '35 5 NWC '&  5 RTWB-NCR ? 5 /5&35 5& ='? 5 '&'-&*> '? =53;4 5>&3+ /'? 5 > &? '! 5 ++34? +53&'+ & 5 > &? +&/4? ; *&3??.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 W> O? N&. NCR-0< 3+ *43?

Hel, Y+. I'?3+=/5;4! 5 NWC ? 5 /5&35 5& =+3; 5 /4+ '? >/3?43'+ & 5 ?53'53&' & 5 3'3/ > '? =&?/53*35 +/+! '? 5 RTWB-NCR ? 5 =& 5& 3++/ > &?+. S53&' 1 & R/4 VIII & NWC G/3?43'+ N&. 001-< &>'3? 5 =& & 5 RTWB+ 5& 3++/ =53&'+ & 5 ==4353&' & 5 > &?+ +/;5 5& 5 >/3?43'+ 3++/? ; 5 NWC. T NWC 4+& 3++/? NWC G/3?43'+ N&. 01! S3+ & 1<<6! 5& 3 5 /4+ &' 5 =53&' & &=43' 35 5 > 3'++ =+3;? ; 5 RWTB+. U'? 5 >/3?43'+! 5 RTWB+ &/4? 3++/ =53&'+ & 5 ==4353&' & 5 > &?+ + 4&'> + 5 =53&'+ &=43? 35 5 /4+ & 5 NWC. I' 35+ /4+! 5 NWC '/5? " =53;4 +5;43+'5+! ;/5 5 43+5 + '&5 4/+3*. T RTWB+ ? 5 /5&35 5& 3'4/? 3' 5 > &?+ +5;43+'5+ 55 ;4&'>? 5&! &  5& 4/? & 5 &/ '/5? =53;4 5>&3+. I 5 =5? 5>& + &' & 5 43+5? &'+! 5 RTWB 3++/3'> 5 > &? /+5 + 5& 35 55 5 K/3+35+ ? +55? 3' S53&' , '? " & 5  NWC G/3?43'+  &=43? 35 ;& >'53'> /44 & =5344 5 ==4353&' & ' +5;43+'5 +@3'> 5& *34 & 5 =53&'. O' 5 &5 '?! 3 5 =53&' + &/5+3? & 5 &/ =53;4 5>&3+! 5 =53;4 5>& +&/4? ;: 1) 3' &? 35 5 53&'4 & =53&' 2) *3?==&*? ; 5 NWC '? ,) /=&' *3! 5 RTWB 3++/3'> 5 > &? /+5 +/;35 

Page67of153 +5&'> '? /+533;4 +&' & +&'+ & 5 3'4/+3&' & +/ 5>&. I5 3+ 5 &=43' 35 5 +&'? K/3+35 55 3+ 5 3++/ . T C&'>++ '5 5 RTWB+ 5& ; 53* 3' +&4*3'> 5 ''/4 K/+53&' & >+ 35&/5 L;& '? M'>'5 @'&@3'> &' 5 ?&&+ & C&'>++ 5 * 5/'. T RTWB+  5 53'@3'> >&/= & ' '? &' >/3?? ; 5 +55/5& +5'??+ '? ;&/'? ; 5 /4+ '? >/3?43'+ =+3;? ; 5 NWC. I' 5 '5/ & 53 /'53&'+! 5 RTWB+ 3'*+53>5 '? +5/? 44 5 =53''5 5+ 5& +53' 5 &'?353&'+ 3' 53 +=53* >3&'+. H'! 5  4&>344 *+5? 35 5 &=5' 5& ?53' 5 ==43;4 3'3/ >+ 5& ; 3=&+? + 44 + 5 3'?/+53+ '? +5&+ 5& =5 & 5 &*> & 53 > &?+. L+54! W> O? 3+ =+/? 5& ; >/44 3++/? 3' 5 ;+' & ' +5&'> +&3'> & >* ;/+ & ?3+53&' &' 5 =5 & RTWB-NCR. T =+/=53&' & *43?35 3+ ? +5&'> ; 5 5 55 35+ *43?35 + /=4? ; 5 NWC /=&' *3.

Da*i,Yiels H( Dealer *s. Macasi(1

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GR N(. %<4@@1 '2l9 31 3&%4 Fac-s R+=&'?'5 34? ;& 5 LA  &=43'5 >3'+5 =5353&' ?&3'> ;/+3'++ /'? 5 ' '? +54 Y34+ H&> D4! & '&'-='5 & &*53 =! &43? = '? 1,5 &'5 =. H 4+& 43?  ='5 & &4 '? =4 ?>+ '? 55&'+ +. R+=&'?'5 4+& 43? ='5 & +*3 3''53* 4* (SIL. R+=&'?'5 44>? 55  ? ;' &@3'> +  ;/5 & =5353&' +3' #'. 6! 1<<. H 43? 55 =5353&' 3+? 53* &'5&4 '? +/=*3+3&' &* 3+ &@! =&3'53'> &/5 55 5 455: 1) +5 5 &@ ?! =&53'> 53 '? &>+ 5& ; &==?! + 44 + 5 '' ; 3  + 5& =& 3+ &@ 2) ?34 =3? 3+ +4 & 700.00! 3 + 3'+? & 600.00 3' 2007 '? ,) ==&*? '? ?3+==&*? 3+ 4*+. H ??? 55 5 =5353&' &'? 5 &>+ ?43*? & &==3'>! + 44 + 5 &@ 5&&4+ '? 3=4'5+ 5 455 '5? 5 &@=4. H /5 43? 55 5 =5353&' =4&+ ;&/5 2 ;/5+ '? ?43* ?3*+. I' 3+ ?'+! 5 =5353&' 43? 55  +55? 3+ ?&> ?4 ;/+3'++ 3' 200 '? 55  &'4 + 5' =4&+. H 44>? 55  3? +=&'?'5 +  ;/5 &' =@ & 5+@ ;+3+ & 3+! 5&! '&5 '5354? 5& &*53 =! &43? = '? 1,5 &'5 = =/+/'5 5& 5 IRR & 5 L;& C&?. T  =5353&' =&3'5? &/5 55 +=&'?'5: 1) /+/44 +55+ 3+ &@ 5 10= '? '?+ 5 2 & 5 &44&3'> ? & 43! ?='?3'> &' 5 *&4/ & 5 ?43*? &>+ 2) 3*? 5 3? &/'5 & 700.00 =  '>>'5! >?4++ & 5 5/4 '/; & &/+ 55  +='5 &==3'> 5 ?43*? &>+ '? ,) + '&5 '>>? 5& =&5 & &@ '?! &?3'>4! ?3? '&5 3* '  ' '& &>+  ?43*?. T +=&'?'5 ?3+=/5? 5 =5353&'+ 44>53&'+. H >/? 55! 3+5! 5 =5353&' ?3? '&5 +55 3+ ;/+3'++ &'4 3' 200. H =&3'5? 5& 5 C5335 & E=4&'5 55 5 =5353&' 3++/? 3' +=&'?'5+ *& 3 =4? 5 ?5 & 3+ =4&'5! 4;35 &'&/+4! 3' #'/ 2000. S&'?!  =&5? & &@ * ? 3 5 =&44 & 53 &? &/4? * +34 =&*? 55 =5353&'  +/;355? 5 3' *3?'. R/53'> +=&'?'5+ +/;3++3&'+! =5353&' 43+ 55 +=&'?'5 + '&5 3+ =4& +  3? 5 455 &' =@ & 5+@ ;+3+. H 4+& 43? 55  3++/? 5 C5335 & E=4&'5! /=&' +=&'?'5+ K/+5! &'4 & &*++ =4&'5 =/=&++.

Iss2e T 3++/ *&4*+ &/'? 5 =&= ==4353&' '? 3'5=553&' & 5 4;& 4 =&*3+3&'+ &' &43?! SIL '? 1,5 &'5 = 5&  &@ '>>? &' =@ & 5+@ ;+3+.

Hel, T C&/5 5 5 ++53&' & =5353&' 55 5 +=&'?'5 + '&5 3+ =4& +3' 5 455  '>>? &' =@ & 5+@ ;+3+. V '&53;4! 5 =5353&' &'/++ '>>'5 &' =@ & 5+@   ;+3+ 35 5 4@ & =4&'5 453&'+3=. I=43?4! =5353&'+ ++5+ 55 53 =@'' & 5+@   ;+3+ >''5 '>5+ 5 3+5' & =4&'5 453&'+3=. E'>>'5 &' =@ & 5+@ ;+3+ ?&+ '&5 53 5 453&'+3= 55  3+5 ;5' 5  =53+! 3.! 5 &' & =4&'5 & 3'?='?'5 &'55&+3=. A534 <7 (6) & 5 L;& C&? ?3'+ >+ + . . . 5 /'53&' & '3'>+! &* ?+3>'5?! =;4 & ;3'> =++? 3' 5+ & &'! 5 3? & +53'? &'  53! 5+@! =3! & &3++3&' ;+3+! & &5 5&? &  4/453'> 5 +! 3 3+ =;4 ; ' =4& 5& ' =4& /'?  355' & /'355' &'55 & =4&'5 & &@ ?&' & 5& ; ?&'! & & +*3+ '?? & 5& ; '??8.9 I' 453&' 5& A534 <7 (6)! A534 101 & 5 L;& C&? +=@+ & &@+ =3? ; +/45+ & 5&+ &+ = 3+ 4/45? 3' 5+ & 5 K/'535 & K/435 & 53 &@ &/5=/5 3 3'4/?+ =@ &@ '? &5  '&'-53 &@. T& ?53' 5 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=! &/ 4'5+ >'44 '? 5& ; &'+3??! '4: (1) 5 +453&' '? '>>'5 & 5 =4& (2) 5 ='5 & >+ (,) 5  =& & ?3+3++4 '? (") 5 =& 5& &'5&4 5 =4&+ &'?/5. T+ 4'5+ & 3'?35&+

Page69of153 &=3+ 5 +&-44? &/-&4? 5+5 & =4&'5 453&'+3=. M+3&+ 453&'+3= 35 D*3? +53+3+ 53+ 5+5. F3+5! 5 =5353&' '>>? 5 +*3+ & +=&'?'5 5/+ +53+3'> 5 4'5 & +453&' '? '>>'5 & 5 =4&. S&'?! 5 =5353&' =3? M+3&+ >+. T3?! 5 =5353&' ? ;' +553'> 5 ? '? 53 ' 5 +=&'?'5 +&/4? =&5 & &@. A'? &/5! 5 =5353&' ? 5 3>5 '? =& 5& &'5&4 '? +/=*3+ +=&'?'5+ &@ + 5& 5 '+ '? 5&?+ & =&3'> 35. T&! 5 =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+ 3+53'> 3' 53+ +. T 3+5' & =4&'5 453&'+3= ;5' 5 =53+ 3+ ?53'? ; ==43'> 5 &/&4? 5+5 '>>'5 &' =@ & 5+@ ;+3+ ?&+ '&5 ?53' 5 =53+ 453&'+3= + 35 3+ +3=4  5&? & = &=/553&'. A&?3'>4! +=&'?'5 3+ =5353&'+ =4&! 4;35 '>>? &' =@ &  5+@ ;+3+. U'43@ 5 IRR & 5 L;& C&? &' &43? '? SIL =! S53&' , () & 5 R/4+ '? R>/453&'+ I=4'53'> D N&. 1 =5+ =4&+ =3? &' 5+@ ;+3+ 35&/5 ' ' 5& 34? =+&''4. T3+ &/4? &'4 ' 55 3'+& + ='5 & 5 1,5 &'5 = 3+ &''?! 5 4 ?3? '&5 3'5'? 5& K/43 5 =53&' & 35+ &*> 35 5 K/3'5 55 5 5+@ &@ ;  34? =+&''4 5 5 + 53.

O2r Ha2s Real-9 De*el(p5en- C(rp.1 *s. Parian e- al.1

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GR N(. 3&4@<%1 A22s- @1 3&%4 Fac-s R+=&'?'5+  44 4;&+ &@3'> & =5353&'!  &=' '>>? 3' 5 &'+5/53&' ;/+3'++. S&53 3' M 10! 5 =5353&' =3'? 3''34 ?3+5++. T& 44*35 35+ &'?353&'! 5  =5353&' +/+='?? +& & 35+ &'+5/53&' =&5+ '? +@? 5 5? &@+! 3'4/?3'> 5 +=&'?'5+! 5& *53&' 4*+. E*'5/44! 5 +=&'?'5+  +@? 5& =&5 ;@ 5& &@ ;/5 3'+5? & ?&3'> +&! 5 34? 35 5 LA  &=43'5 & /'?='5 & 53 ?34 >+. T 43? 55 =5 & +=&'?'5 B'?&! 53  >+  ;4& 5 3'3/ >+ =+3;? 3' 5 W> O?+ & 2007 5& 2010. T +=&'?'5 4+& 44>? 55 5 =5353&' 34? 5& = 5 53 &43?! +*3 3''53* 4* (SIL)! 1,5 &'5 '? &*53 =+. T =5353&' >/? 55 5 +=&'?'5+ >+ &=43? 35 5 4+ 3'3/ K/3'5. A+3? & 5 =3'> 5 &'5 &/'5 & 5 +=&'?'5+ >+! 5 =5353&' 4+& +/; +3? 53  4+ (, 53+  ?)! '? >* 5  4&?>3'> ' 5 &'+5/53&' =&5 5  ++3>'? 5&. T  =5353&' 4+& 5? 5 +=&'?'5+ &5 &'5 43+ & 4@ & =&& 55 5  '5354? 5& 35. O' 5 &5 '?! 5 +=&'?'5+ >/? 55 5 *4/ & 53 4+ +&/4? '&5 ; &'+3?? 3' ?53'3'> 53 >+ 5&54 &/'5 +3' 5 K/3'5+ +5 /'? S53&' " & DOLE M&'?/ C3/4 N&. 2  '&5 &=43? 35. T +=&'?'5 =&3'5? &/5 55 5 =5353&' '* =+'5? ' =&& 55 5 >? 3' 353'> 5& 5 3'4/+3&' & 53 4+ *4/ 3' 53 >+. A4+&! 5 =5353&' 34? 5& =&* 55 5 *4/ & 5 34353+ 35 /'3+? + 3 '? +&';4. F3'44! 3'+5? & ??/53'> 5 3/ &/'5 & 70 &  5 *4/ & 5 4+. T =5353&' 5/44 354? 35+ /44 *4/.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 =5353&' &=43? 35 5 K/3'5+ & ??/53;3435 & 5 *4/ & 5 34353+.

Hel, NO. T 3+ '& +/;+5'534 ?3+53'53&' ;5' ??/53'> '? >3'>  3435+ *4/ & 5 =4& >+ 5 4>4 K/3'5+ & ?3;3435 ==4 5& ;&5. T 3435 /+5 ; /+5&34 /'3+? ; 5 5?. T SC &'4/?? 55 &' & 5 ;?>+ 5& +& 55  3435 3+ /+5&34 /'3+? ; 5 5? 3+ 5 3+5' &  &=' =&43 & >/3?43' +&3'> 55 =&*3+3&'+ & 3435  ?+3>'5? + =5 & 5 =4&+ +4. T& &=4 35 53+! 5  =5353&' =+'5? 35 5 NLRC 5 &3'5 +3'/='> +4+ & &/ & 35+ 44>? =4&+. T+ =4&+ *? 55 5  3=3'5+ &  4&?>3'>! 45335 '? 5! + 44 + +/;+3?3? 4+ & =5353&'. T +3'/='> +4+ +55'5+ +/;355? ; =5353&'+  +4-+*3'>. F& &'! 5 =5353&'  &'4 =&?/? 5 ?&/'5+ ' 5 NLRC ? 4? 43 ?53'? 55 =5353&' 34? 5& =&* 55 35 + 5?353&'44 >3*3'> 5 +=&'?'5+ 53 ;&? '? 4&?>3'>. T ?&/'5 ?3? '&5 +55 5  5+ ;'35+ ? ;' &'+3+5'54 '&? ; 5 +5 & 5 =4&+. M&&*! 5 &?+ *4 55 5 ;&? '? 4&?>3'>  >3*' &'  = =&5 ;+3+. T =5353&' ?3? '&5 +& 3 5+ ;'35+  4+& =&*3?? 3' 35+ &5 &'+5/53&' =&5+! 5/+ '>53'> 35+ 43? /+5& '5/. SC 4? 55 &'4 5 *4/ & 34353+  ; ??/5? & 5 =4&+ >+ ;/5 '&5 5 *4/ & +/==4'5+. F34353+ 3'4/? 534+ & +*3+ & 5 ;'35 & 5 =4& & 3+ & +*3+  =334 & 5 ;'35 & 5 =4& & '++ 5& 5 &'?/5 & 5 =4&+ ;/+3'++. T 4 4+& =+3;+ 55 5 &=/553&' & >+ +44 4/? 5* ;'35+! +/==4'5+ & 44&'+ >3*' 5& =4&+. S/==4'5+  =3? 5& =4&+ &' 5&= & 53 ;+3+ = '?   & >. S3' 35 ?&+ '&5 & =5 & 5 >!  +/==4'5+ *4/  '&5 ; 3'4/?? 3' 5 ?53'53&' & 

Page71of153 5 ' =4& &=43? 35 5 =+3;? 3'3/ > 5+. I' 5 =+'5 +! 5 ;&? '? 4&?>3'> =&*3?? ; 5 =5353&' ''&5 ; 5>&3? + 34353+ ;/5 + +/==4'5+. T =&*3+3&' & ??/53;4 34353+ /+5 ; *&4/'534 =5? 3' 353'> ; 5 =4&. I' 53+ +! 3' 5 +3'/='> +4 ; =5353&'+ &/ =4&+! 35 + '&5 '53&'? 55 5 4+& /5?  @+/'?/' & 53 ;&? '? 4&?>3'> ;'35+. T 3435 /+5 ; >? 5  3 '? +&';4 *4/. T =5353&' ?355? 55 35 ??/5? 5 &/'5 & 2<0.00 = @ &  & 5 +=&'?'5+ & 53 4+. B/5 35 '& +/;35+ 55 35 ?3? '&5 5/44 35&4? 5 '53 &/'5 + 35 ?3? '&5 3>/ 3' 5 &=/553&' 5 &' 35 ='?? & 5 +4 & 5 &&@! 5 5! '? 5 LG /+? & &&@3'>! 3 &/'5+ 5& 2"<."0 = @ = =+&'. F& 5+! 35 ==+ 55 5 5&54 4 ='+ = @ &  =+&' 3+ 2<."0! @3'> =5353&'+ 2<0.00 ??/53&' 353' 5 70 343'> =+3;? ; 5 /4+. H&*! 5 =5353&'+ *4/53&' ''&5 ; =4/@? &/5 & 53' 3. T *4/53&' /+5 ; +/==&5?  ; 4*'5 ?&/'5+ +/ + 3=5+ '? &=' &?+ & 35 5& ; &'+3?? + 3 '? +&';4. I' 5 =+'5 +! 5 =5353&' '* =43'? & 35  /= 35 5 *4/+ 35 ++3>'? & 5 ;'35+ 35  =&*3?? 35 4 43+5? 35+ +/==&+? ='++ 35&/5 ' +/==&53'> ?&/'5.

Milan e- al.1 *s. NLRC

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GR N(. 3&3@%1 Fe8r2ar9 41 3&%< Fac-s A+ S&43? M344+ =4&+! =5353&'+ '? 53 343+  44&? 5& &/= SMI V344>!   =&=5 &'? ; S&43? M344+ (SM). A&?3'> 5& SM! 53+ + &/5 & 43;435 '? & 5 &'*'3' &  35+ =4&+X '? &' 5 &'?353&' 55 5 =4&+X &/4? *5 5 =3++ '53 5 C&=' ?+ 35. I' S=5; 200,! =5353&'+  3'&? 55 53* O5&; 10! 200,! SM &/4? + 35+ &=53&'+ ?/ 5& +3&/+ ;/+3'++ 4&+++. NAFLU (=+'553* & 5 =5353&'+) &>'3? SM+ 4&+/ ?/ 5& +3&/+ ;/+3'++ 4&+++ 3' 5 &'?/ & >'5 (MOA( ?5? S=5. 1! 200,. T MOA  =&*3?? & SM+ >'5 & +=53&' = 4++ &/'5;34353+! /? +3@ 4* ;'35+! *53&' 4*  ;'35+! '? 1,5 &'5 = 5& 5 =4&+. SM 34? 35+ 53'53&' &' S=5. 2! 200,. L5! SM +'5 5& =5353&'+ 3'?3*3?/4 '&53+ 5& *5 SMI V344>. 5353&'+  '& 4&'> 44&? 5& =&5 & &@ ; O5. 10! 200,. T  K/3? 5& +3>'  MOA 35 4+ '? K/3543 ;& 53 *53&' '? +3@ 4* ;'35+! 1,5 &'5 =! '? +=53&' = &/4? 4+?. E=4&+ & +3>'? 5 MOA  &'+3?? 5& * >? 5& *5 SMI V344>! '? 5& 5 ?&4353&' & 5 &'+5/5? &/++ 3'+3? +  &'?353&' & 5 4+ & 53  53'53&' ;'35+ '? +=53&' =. 5353&'+ /+? 5& +3>' 5 ?&/'5+ '? ?'?? 5& ; =3? 53 ;'35+ '? +=53&' =. H'! =5353&'+ 34? &=43'5+ ;& 5 L;& A;35 & 44>? '&'-='5 & +=53&' =! /? +3@ '? *53&' 4*+! '? 1,5 &'5 =. T >/? 55 53  /? ;'35+ '? +=53&' = +&/4? '&5 ; 354? ;/+ 53 ='5 3+ ;+? &' &='  =&43 '? =53. M&&*! 5 1,5 &'5 = 3+ ;+? &' 4. T3 =&++++3&' & SM =&=5 3+ '&5 ' &/'5;3435 55 3+ +/;5 5& 4' =&?/+. T ? 4? 5/'? &* 5& SM 53 /'3&+ '? K/3='5 ' SM +? &=53&'+. O' 5 &5 '?! SM >/ 55 =5353&'+ &=43'5 +  =5/ ;/+ 5 ? '&5 *5? 35+ =&=5.

Iss2e 1) W5 & '&5 5 NLRC C&3++3&' + /3+?353&' 5& ?53' ' 3++/ 45? 5& 3>5+ &  43+ 3+3'> & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. 2) W5 & '&5 SM 3+ =&3;35? & 35&4?3'> >+ '? 433'53&' & ?33'/53&' & ;'35+ & =4&+.

Hel, 1.

Y+. A534 217 =&*3?+ 55 5 L;& A;35! 3' 3+ &  &3>3'4 /3+?353&'! '? 5 NLRC! 3' 35+ ==445 /3+?353&'!  ?53' 3++/+ 3'*&4*3'> 43+ 3+3'> & =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. 2. N&. A+  >'4 /4! =4&+  =&3;35? & 35&4?3'> >+ & =4&+. T L;&  C&? 4+& =&3;35+ 5 433'53&' & ?33'/53&' & ;'35+. H&*! &/ 4 +/==&5+ 5 =4&+ 3'+535/53&' & 4' =&?/ ;& 5 4+ & >+. A+ ' =53&' 5& 5 >'4 /4 55 >+  '&5 ; 354? '? ;'35+  '&5 ; ?33'3+?. T C3*34 C&? =&*3?+ 55 5 =4& 3+ /5&3? 5& 35&4? >+ & ?;5+ ?/. I5  ; 5/ 55 '&5 44 =4&+ '&? 5 =3*34> & +53'> 3' +=&'?'5 SM =&=5. H&*! 53+ 4&' ?&+ '&5 3=4 53+ =3*34> ' '&? + '&5  +/45 & 5 =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. T&+ & ?3? *34 & 5  =3*34>  =4&+ & SM. 5353&'+ =&++++3&' +&/4?! 5&! ; 3'4/?? 3' 5 5 &/'5;3435. A&/'5;3435 '+ &;43>53&' & ?;5. A&/'5;34353+ & =4&+  =+&'4. T '? '&5 ; /'3& &'> 44 =4&+ 3' &? 5& ; 3'4/?? 3' &/'5;34353+ 3'/? ; *35/ & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. W35&4?3'> & ='5 ; 5 =4& ?&+ '&5 ' 55 5 =4&  *'> &' 35+ &;43>53&' 5& = =4&+ 53 >+! 53'53&' ='5+! '? ?/ ;'35+. T =4&+ ;'35+  4+& '&5 ;3'> ?/?. I5 3+ &'4 +/;5? 5& 5 &'?353&' 55 5 =4&+ 5/' =&=53+ =&=4 ;4&'>3'> 5& 5 =4&. T3+ 3+ &'4 &'+3+5'5 35 5 K/35;4 =3'3=4 55 '& &' +44 ; /'/+54 '3? & ;'35? 5 5 ='+ & '&5. F& 5+ +&'+! 5 SC ''&5 &4? 55 =5353&'+  '5354? 5& 3'5+5 & 53  354? +=53&' ;'35+. T+ ;'35+  =&=4 354? ; SM ;/+ & 53 /+4 5& 5/' 35+ =&=5.

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!ae En:(rce5en- an, Rec(*er9

Tier C(ns-r2c-i(n an, De*el(p5en- C(rp *s. A8a9 e- al. GR N( %@4%%4%1 Fe8r2ar9 3@1 3&%& Fac-s O' 5 ;+3+ &  &=43'5 34? ; +=&'?'5+ R'4?& A; '? 35-'3' (<) &5+ ;& 5 R>3&'4 O3 & 5 D=5'5 & L;& '? E=4&'5 (DOLE)! ' 3'+=53&' + &'?/5? ; DOLE &334+ 5 5 =3++ & =5353&' TCDC. S*4 4;& +5'?? *3&453&'+  '&5?! +/ + ?33'3+ 3' &? @=3'>! '&'-&=43' 35 *3&/+ > &?+! '&'-='5 & &43?  =! '? /'?='5 & 1,5 &'5 =. T + + 5' +5 & +/ 3'>. C&'+3+5'5 35 A534 12< & 5 L;& C&? & 5 343==3'+ 3' 453&' 5& A534 217 & 5 + C&?! 53+ 3'+5'5 + +&/4? ; referred bac+   5& 5 N53&'4 L;& R453&'+ C&3++3&' (NLRC) S/;-A;3553&' B' V! N> C35! on t%e #round t%at t%e a##re#ate money claim of eac% *or+er e1ceeds t%e 2urisdictional amount of t%is 3ffice *%ic%- is 4sic5 Five %ousand &esos 3nly 4&6,777.775.

B& 5 NLRC &/4? 5@ ' 53&'! DOLE S5 533 A. S5&. T&+ (S5 S5&. T&+)! 3' ' =='5 *+4 & D35& M'4&+ '?&+'5! 3++/? '&5 3'+=53&' /5&35 &' A/>/+5 2! 2002 3' 5 + +. /+/'5 5& +/ /5&35! DOLE &334+ &'?/5? '&5  3'*+53>53&' & =5353&'+ =3++ '? 5 + *3&453&'+  ?3+&*?. A&?3'> 5& =5353&'! 53+ #/4 2! 2002 O? + 5'5&/'5 5&  ?3+3++4 &' 5 >&/'? &  4@ & /3+?353&'! 3 ?3+3++4 ? 553'? 3'435 '! 44 =&?3'>+ ;& 5 DOLE >3&'4 &3 5 #/4 2! 2002  '/44 '? *&3? & '5 & /3+?353&'.

ISS$E W5 & '&5 5 =5353&' ' +5344 ++34 5 #'/ 2?4 &' 5 >&/'? & 4@ & /3+?353&'! 5 +3? O? + 553'? 3'435 '? 3+ 4? 3' 5 /53&' +5>.

R2lin T =5353&' 4@+ 35. 5353&' ?35+ 55 35 34? 5& ==4 5 #'/ 2/3'> 55 35 + 44>?4 3++/? 35&/5 /3+?353&' '?  ; ++34? 5 ' 53. D35& M'4&+ 3'3534 '?&+'5 & 5 + 5& 5 NLRC! &' 5 3+5@' &=3'3&' 55 5 43 + 353' 5 455+ /3+?353&'! ?3? '&5 &/+5 & ?=3*  & /3+?353&' &* 5 +. S 5& 53'? 5 /3+?353&' 5& ?3? 5 + ' 35 + *'5/44 5/'? 5&  &3 ; 5 DOLE S5. #/3+?353&' & /5&35 5& 5  53' + 3+ &'? ; 4 '? '&5 ; 5 3'5+5? =53+! / 4++ ; &' & 5! '? +&/4? ; 3+? =3+4 ; 5 =+&' 3' /5&35 & ;&? 3' &+ '?+ 35 + ;' =4? ; 5 4. 819 W 4+& ''&5 =5 =5353&'+ 5& 55 D35& M'4&+ 3'3534 '?&+'5 & 5 + 5& 5 NLRC +*? +  ?3+3++4 & 5 +! 3 =*'5?  & +/;+K/'54 ++/3'>  /3+?353&' &* 5 +. T +3? '?&+'5 + *3?'54 '&5 '5 +  3'4 ?3+=&+353&' & 5 + 35 +   4 5& '&5 >'! 5 NLRC! &' 5 3+5@' ;43 55 /3+?353&' + 4&?>? 35 5 455. I5 ''&5 =4/? 5 >3&'4 ?35& & +/;+K/'54 ?3?3'> 5 + 5 

Page75of153 5 3+5@ + 533? '? 5 + + 5/'? 5&  ; 5 DOLE S5! =53/44 +3' 35 +  4;& +  =&?/4 4=++  ; ?3+>?? 3' 5 3'5+5 & +/;+5'534 /+53. I' *3 & &/ /43'> ;&* 55 5 #'/ 2 ; K/+53&'? (+ 35 3+ 3'4 '? /5&)!  ' '& 4&'> '553' =5353&'+ 4-5? '? /'+/;+5'535? >/'5+ 55 5 +3? O? + 44>?4 ;+? &' &'&/+ &=/553&' '? 3'4/?? '&'-=4&+. L3@3+!  3'? '& & '? 5& ??++ =5353&'+ &'5'53&' 55 5 CA ? 3' ?3+3++3'> 35+ =5353&' &' 5 >&/'? & 35+ ;45? &=43' 35 5 K/3'5 &  53353&' >3'+5 &/-+&==3'>

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Pe(ples Br(a,cas-in =B(58( Ra,9( P6ils> *s. Sec (: DOLE e- al GR N( %0@<31 Ma9 /1 3&& FACTS #'?4&' #/' (#/') 34?  &=43'5 ;& 5 DOLE >3'+5 B&;& R?& 34+. (B&;& R?&) & 344>4 ??/53&'! '&'-='5 & +*3 3''53* 4*! 1,5 &'5 =!  =3/ = & &43? '? +5 ? '? 344>4 ?33'/53&' & ;'35+! ?4? ='5 & >+ '? '&'-&*> & SSS! AG-IBIG '? 3445. O' 5 ;+3+ & 5 &=43'5! 5 DOLE &'?/5?   =4'5 4*4 3'+=53&'. T L;& I'+=5& 3' 3+ =&5 &5! M'>'5 =+'553* 3'&? 55 (#/') &=43''5 3+  ? 54'5 3? &'  =  ? =533=53&' ;+3+ ' '& =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+5? ;5' 5. A+ =&& &  53+! '>'5 =+'5? =&5&&=3+ & + *&/+! ;3443'> +55'5! =4&'5+ & +=33 /'?5@3'>! 5. T '>'5 + '& &'5&4 & 5 54'5 3  *'5/+ 3'5& '&5 &'55 35 &5 ;&?+53'> 3'?/+53+.

ISS$E W5 & '&5 5 S5 & L;& + 5 =& 5& ?53' 5 3+5' & ' =4&=4& 453&'+3=.

HELD  NO. A5. 12 (;) & 5 L;& C&?! + '?? ; R.A. 77,0 ?+:  N&535+5'?3'> 5 =&*3+3&'+ & A534+ 12< '? 217 & 53+ C&? 5& 5 &'5! '? in cases *%ere t%e relations%ip of employer!employee still e1ists ! 5 S5 & L;& '? E=4&'5 & 3+ ?/4 /5&3? =+'553*+ +44 * 5 =& 5& 3++/ &=43' &?+ 5& >3* 5 5& 5 4;& +5'??+ =&*3+3&'+ & 53+ C&? '? &5 4;& 4>3+453&' ;+? &' 5 3'?3'>+ & 4;&  =4&'5 '? '&'5 &3+ & 3'?/+534 +5 '>3'+ ? 3' 5 &/+ & 3'+=53&'. T =&*3+3&' 3+ =4335 55 5 *3+35&34 '? '&'5 =& & 5 DOLE &+ 3'5& =4 &'4 3' ++ ' 5 453&'+3= & =4&-=4& +5344 3+5+. T3+ 4/+ +3>'33+ 55 5 =4&-=4& 453&'+3= /+5 * 3+5? *' ;& 5 >' & 5 &'5&*+.  N++34! 5 DOLE+ =& ?&+ '&5 ==4 3' 5& 3'+5'+! '4: (3)  5 =4&=4& 453&'+3= + +? '? (33)  '& +/ 453&'+3= + * 3+5?. T 3+5 +35/53&' 3+ 5>&344 &*? ; S. ,! R/4 11 & 5 R/4+ &' 5 D3+=&+353&' &  L;& S5'??+ C++ 3++/? ; 5 DOLE S5. I5 ?+: W =4&-=4& 453&'+3= '& 4&'> 3+5+ ; +&' & 5 5 55 35 + 4? ;' +*?! 43+ & ='5 & &'5 ;'35+ 44 353' 5 4/+3* '? &3>3'4 /3+?353&' & 5 4;& ;35+. A&?3'>4! 3 &' 5  & 5 &=43'5! 35 ' ; +53'? 55 =4&-=4& 453&'+3= '& 4&'> 3+5+! 5 +! 5 &='3? ; ' 44>53&' & 344>4 ?3+3++4! +44 3?354 ; '?&+? ; 5 R>3&'4 D35& 5& 5 ==&=35 ;' & 5 N53&'4 L;&  R453&'+ C&3++3&' (NLRC). T 4 &?+  =&>53* 5& 5 NLRC &* 5 43 ' 5 =4&-=4& 453&'+3= + 53'5? & +/ 453&'+3= + '&5 3+' 5 44. T 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+  55 3 3+ '&5 +34 ?53';4 & ' &?3' 3'+=53&' ;/+ 5 4'5+ & +/  453&'+3=  '&5 *33;4 &   &/4 3'53&'. T 3'533+ '? 3=4353&'+ & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ?'? 55 5 4*4 & +/53' +&/4? ;  ;&* 5 +/=334. W34 ?&/'5+! =53/44 ?&/'5+ &/'? 3' 5 =4&+ &3  5 =3 +&/ 534+! 5  =&* ?3+3*  5&+ 45? 5& 5 3+5& & 5 =4&+ ;/+3'++ &=53&'+! 35+ /'5 +55 + 44 + =5? &'5=& =53+ 3' 5 3'?/+5. M& &5' 5' '&5! 5 K/+53&' & =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;&+  ;554 & *3?'! 5 ?53'53&' & 

Page77of153 3 +&/4? ; &='+3* '? 3'5'+3* '? 5& ;+5 45 5& 5 +=343? K/+3-/?334  ;&? & 5 NLRC. I5 ' ; ++/? 55 5 DOLE 3' 5 3+ & 35+ *3+35&34 '? '&'5 =& +&& + 5& @  ?53'53&' & 5 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. H&*! +/ ?53'53&' ''&5 ; &5'+3* 35 5 *3+35&34 '? '&'5 =& 35+4. S/ 3+ 4  =433'! 3'3?'54 '? &4454 5& 5 DOLE+ =3 /'53&' & '&3'> 4;& +5'??+  =&*3+3&'+. T ?53'53&' & 5 3+5' & =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+ +5344 =334 4&?>? 35 5 NLRC. T3+ 3+ 5 '3'> & 5 4/+ 3' ++  5 453&'+3= & =4&=4& +5344 3+5+ 3' A5. 12 (;). T/+! ;& 5 DOLE  3+ 35+ =&+ /'? A5. 12! 5& 3=&5'5 K/+53&'+ /+5 ; +&4*?: (3) D&+ 5 =4&-=4& 453&'+3= +5344 3+5! & 45'53*4! + 5 * ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 5& +=@ & '? (33) A 5 *3&453&'+ & 5 L;& C&? & & ' 4;& 4P T 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= 3+  +55/5& =K/3+35 5& '?  433553&' &' 5 =& & 5 S5 & L;&! &' 3 5 4>3+453* ;' 3+ '5354? 5& 3=&+. T 53&'4 /'?43'> 53+ 433553&' 3+ 5& 433'5 5 =&+=5 & &=53'> &'4/+3&'+ & 5 S5 & L;&  '? 5 NLRC. I 5 S5 & L;& =&?+ 5& 3+ 3+ *3+35&34 '? '&'5 =&+ ;+'5 5 3+5 K/3+35! 3+ &3 &'+ /3+?353&' &' 35+4 3 35 ''&5 &53+ K/3.  N*54++!   ++53&' & ;+' & =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ?&+ '&5 ?=3* 5 DOLE & /3+?353&' &* 5 43. A5 4+5   prima facie  +&3'> & +/ ;+' & 453&'+3=! + 3' 53+ +! 3+ '?? 5& =4/? 5 DOLE & 5 3+ & 35+ =&. W35&/5  ?&/;5! B&;& R?&! +3' 5 3'=53&' & 53+ + ? ;' &'+3+5'5 3' 3'53'3'> 55 #/' 3+ '&5 35+ =4&. A =433' ?53'53&'! ;+? &' 5 *3?' &? '? '&5? ; 5 L;& I'+=5&  ?/3'> 5 3'+=53&' + 44 + +/;355? ?/3'> 5 =&?3'>+ ;& 5 R>3&'4 D35& =/5+ 3' >'/3' ?&/;5 5 3+5' & =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. F& 55 =&3'5 &'! 5 =/?'5 &/+ &' 5 =5 & 5 DOLE +&/4? * ;' 5&  #/' 5& 5 NLRC & 5 =&= ?3+='+53&' & 3+ 43+. F/5&! *' 5 *3?' 43? &' ; 5 R>3&'4 D35& 3' 3+ &?   +4+*3'> ?453&'+ & #/'! '? ' ''&5 ; 43? /=&' + =&& & =4&-=4& 453&'+3=.

S2peri(r Pacain C(rp. *s. Balasa9 e- al.1 Oc-(8er %&1 3&%3

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Fac-s T =5353&' '>>? 5 +*3+ & L' 5& =&*3? 43* +*3+ 5& 35+ ;/+3'++! 3 3'*&4*+ 5 '/5/ '? +4 & &34 '? 3'?/+534 &/>5? ;&+. A&?3'> 5& =5353&'! 5 +=&'?'5+  '>>? & &/ (") &'5+ & F;/ 5& #/' 1<< '? 53 5+@+ 3'4/?? 4&?3'>! /'4&?3'> '? +>>53&' & &/>5? ;&+. T5! +=&'?'5+ 34? &=43'5 >3'+5 5 =5353&' '? +3?'5! C+ L/ (L/)! &  /'?='5 & >+! '&'-='5 & =3/ = & &@? +5! &*53 = '? '&'-='5 &  +4. U=&' 3=5 D=5'5 & L;& '? E=4&'5 (DOLE) &'?/5? ' 3'+=53&' & 5  =5353&'+ =3++ '? &/'? +*4 *3&453&'+! 5& 35: (1) N&'-=+'553&' & =&44+ '? ?34 53 &?+ (2) N&'-+/;3++3&' & ''/4 =&5 & +5 &>'353&' (,) M?34 '? 3?'5344'++ =&5+ (") N&'->3+553&' & +5;43+'5 /'? R/4 1020 & O/=53&'4 '? H45 S5'??+ '? () N& 53'? 3+5 3?. D/ 5& 5 =5353&'+ 34/ 5& == 3' 5 +/ 3'*+53>53&'+ &'?/5? ; 5 DOLE! ' O? + 3++/? &' #/' 1! 200, 3'?3'> 3' *& & 5 +=&'?'5+ '? ?&=53'> 5 &=/553&' & 5 43+ +/;355?. 5353&' '? L/  &??! &'> &5+! 5& = +=&'?'5+ 53 5&54 43+ 3' 5 &/'5 & E3>5 H/'?? F&5 T&/+'? F&/ H/'?? S35-T +&+ '? ,100 ( "0!"6,.,). 5353&' 34?  &53&' & &'+3?53&' &' 5 >&/'? 55 +=&'?'5+  '&5 35+ =4&+ ;/5 &  L' '? 55 5 = L' 3' 4/= +/ & 5 +*3+ '??. T DOLE! &*! ?'3? 35+ &53&' ;/+ =5353&' 34? 5& +/==&5 35+ 43 55 5 +=&'?'5+  '&5 35+ =4&+! '? *' ++/3'> 55 5  =4&? ; L'! 5 =5353&' +5344 ''&5 += 43;3435 + S53&' 1, & 5 D=5'5 O? N&. 10! S3+ & 1<<7! @+  =3'3=4 &3'54 '? +*44 43;4 35 5 &'55&  5& &'55/4 =4&+ 5& 5 5'5 & 5 &@ =&? ' 5 &'55& 34+ 5& = 35+ =4&+ >+. T3 ==4 5& 5 S5 & DOLE + ?3+3++? 5/+! 4 =5353&' '? L/ 34?  =5353&' & certiorari 35 5 C&/5 & A==4+ (CA). O' N&*; 17! 2006! 5 CA 3? 5 S5 & DOLE+ &?+! 35 5 &?3353&' 3' 55 L/ + ;+&4*? & ' =+&'4 43;3435 /'? 5 ?. H'! 53+ =5353&' & *3 /'? R/4 " & 5 R/4+ & C&/5.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 DOLE + /5&35 5& ?53' 5 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=P W5 S/=3& @>3'> C&=&53&'  ; 4? +&43?34 43;4 35 L' S53'>  S*3+ N5&@! I'. (L') & +=&'?'5+ /'=3? &' 43+P

Hel, T =5353&' 3+ ;5 & 35. T DOLE 44 5? 353' 35+ /5&35 ' 35 ?53'? 5 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' 5 =5353&' '? +=&'?'5+ + 35 44+ 353' 5 =/*3 & 35+ *3+35&34 '? '&'5 =& /'? A534 12(;) & 5 L;& C&?. T ?53'53&' & 5 3+5' & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ; 5 DOLE /+5 ; +=5?. W35 >? 5& 5 &'5'53&' 55 5 3+ '& *3?' 5& +/==&5 5 3'?3'> 55 5 +=&'?'5+ '?? &*53 &@ '? 55 5 &@? &' 53 +5 ?! 5 +&4/53&' & 53+ >/'5 K/3+  *3 & 5 5/4 3'?3'>+ '? 5 *3?' =+'5?! C&/5 +3? 55 35 3+ '&5  53 & 5+ '? 35 ==43+ 35 >5  & 3' 4;& ++. H'!  5 5/4 3'?3'>+ & 5 4;& 53;/'4+ & >'3+ &'& 5&! '?  3? ;! 5 CA! 5 +  &?? +=5 '? 3'435! '?  ;3'?3'> 5& S/= C&/5. I5 + 5 &'+3+5'5 &'4/+3&' & 5 DOLE '? 5 CA 55 L' + '&5 ' 3'?='?'5 &'55& ;/5 + '>>? 3' 4;&-&'4 &'553'> '! 5 =5353&' + &'+3?? ' 3'?35 =4& &  +=&'?'5+ '? 43;4 5& 5 455 & 53 /'=3? &' 43+.

Page79of153 A5 5 53 & 5 +=&'?'5+ =4&'5 3' 1<<! 5 ==43;4 >/453&' + DOLE D=5'5 O?   N&. 10! S3+ & 1<<7. U'? +3? D=5'5 O?! 4;&-&'4 &'553'> + ?3'? + &44&+: S. <. Labor!only contractin#.  () A' =+&' & /'?5@+ 5& +/==4 &@+ 5& ' =4& +44  ; ?? 5& ; '>>? 3' 4;&-&'4 &'553'>  +/ =+&': (1) D&+ '&5 * +/;+5'534 =354 & 3'*+5'5 3' 5 & & 5&&4+! K/3='5! 3'3+! &@   =3++ '? &5 534+ '? (2) T &@+ /35? '? =4? ; +/ =+&'+  =&3'> 53*353+ 3  ?354 45? 5& 5 =3'3=4 ;/+3'++ & &=53&'+ & 5 =4& 3' 3 &@+  ;35/44 =4&?.  Labor!only contractin#   3+ =&3;35? '? 5 =+&' 53'> + &'55& +44 ; &'+3?? 4 + '

>'5 & 3'5?3 & 5 =4& & +44 ; +=&'+3;4 5& 5 &@+ 3' 5 + '' '? 5'5 + 3 5 455  ?354 =4&? ; 3. A&?3'> 5& 5 CA! 5 5&5435 & 5 5+ '? +/&/'?3'> 3/+5'+ & 53+ + =&3'5 5& +/ &'4/+3&' 55 L' +! 3'??!  4;&-&'4 &'55&. A+3? & 5+ 3+ 5 /'?3+=/5? 5 55 5  =5353&' 34? 5& =&?/ ' 355' +*3 &'55 55 3>5 +* + =&& & 35+ 44>? >'5 35 L'. F3'44!  3'?3'> 55  &'55& 3+  4;&-&'4 &'55& 3+ K/3*4'5 5& ?43'> 55 5 3+ ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' 5 =3'3=4 '? 5 =4&+ & 5 +/==&+? &'55&! '? 5 4;& &'4 &'55& 3+ &'+3?? +   >'5 & 5 =3'3=4! 5 4 =4&. T & ;&+ +&43?34 43;4 & 44 5 3>5/4 43+ & 5 =4&+. 5353&' 5&! ;3'> 5 =3'3=4 =4& '? L'! ;3'> 5 4;&-&'4 &'55&!  +&43?34 43;4 & +=&'?'5+ /'=3? &' 43+.

!ae Pr(-ec-i(n Pr(*isi(ns # Pr(6i8i-i(ns Rear,in !aes

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SHS Per:(ra-e, Ma-erials1 Inc e- al *s. Dia) GR N(. %/'3? '? 3+53'> /'? 5 4+ & 5 R=/;43 & 5 343==3'+ '? >3+5? 35 5 343==3' E&'&3 %&' A/5&35. 5353&' W3'3? H5''+'' 4Hartmanns%enn5!  G' '53&'4! 3+ 35+ =+3?'5! 3' 3 =35  ?53'+ 5 ?3'3+553&' '? ?353&' & 5 ?-5&-? ;/+3'++ 3+ & SHS. 5353&' H3'3 #&'' S/ 4Sc%umac%er5, 4+&  G' '53&'4! 3+ 5 5+/ '? &' &  5 ;&? ?35&+. A+ +/!  3+ /5&3? 5& = 44 ;344+! =&44+! '? &5 /+5 ?;5+ & SHS &  5* '5/ /=&' 5/35. S/ 3+ 4+& 5 E/53* V3-+3?'5 & 5 E/&=' C; & C& & 5 343==3'+ 4(CC&5 3 3+  +=5 '535 & SHS. B&5 '5353+ * ' '>'5  ECC '?4+ 5 =&44 K/3'5+ & SHS 5& +3=43 ;/+3'++ &=53&'+ '? 3'33 &=53&'4 ='++. T/+! 5 >+ & SHS =4&+  =3? &/5 ; ECC! 5&/> 35+ A&/'53'> S*3+ D=5'5 ?? ; #/435 T>/3'> 4a#uian# ). M'/4 F. D3 (+=&'?'5) + 3? ; =5353&' SHS + M'> & B/+3'++ D*4&='5 &'  =&;53&' +55/+ R+=&'?'5 + 4+& 3'+5/5? ; H5''+'' 5& =&5 5& 5 SHS &3 '?  =4'5 5 4+5 5& (2) ?+ * &@ @ 5& &;+* 5'34 =&+++ 3'*&4*? 3' 5 '/5/3'> & =&5? 534+! '? 5& 4' ;&/5 5 =&?/5+ & 5 &='! 3 +=&'?'5 + 3? 5& @5 '? +44. D/3'> +=&'?'5+ =4&'5! H5''+'' + &5' ;&? '?! ;/+ & ;/+3'++ 3>'3+! 3+ 3'+5/53&'+ 5& +=&'?'5  35 +'5 ; 45&'3 34 & 4? 5&/> 54=&' & &;34 =&'. W'  &/4? ; 3' 5 343==3'+!  '? 5 +=&'?'5 4? 53'>+. A+ 5& +=&'?'5+ &@! 5 + '& 4&+ +/=*3+3&' ; 3. D/3'> 53'>+ 35 5 +=&'?'5! H5''+'' =++? 3+ ?3++53+53&' &* +=&'?'5+ =&& =&'. O' N&*; 2/3'> '&5 5& 4+ +=&'?'5+ +4. L5  55 5'&&'! +=&'?'5 44? '? 3'K/3? ;&/5 3+ +4. T '5 ?! &' N&*; ,0! 200! +=&'?'5 +*? &' SHS  ?'? 455 '?  +3>'53&' 455. H5''+'' 5' =5? +=&'?'5+ +3>'53&' '? 3'&? 3 55 3+ +4 &/4? ; 4+? /=&' =4'53&' & 3+ 34/ 5& =&5 5& &@! '? =&& 55  ?3?! 3' 5! &@ & 5 =3&? 3' K/+53&'. H ?'?? 55 +=&'?'5 +/'? 44 &=' =&=5 '? 3'&53&' 3' 3+ =&++++3&'. R+=&'?'5 >? 5& 5+ 35 &'?353&'+ 5&/> 45&'3 34. I'+5? & &=43'> 35 5 +3? &'?353&'+! &*! +=&'?'5 +'5 '&5 45&'3 34 ++> 5& H5''+'' '? S/ &' D; 1! 200! ==43'> & 5 4+ & 3+ +4. T& +554 5 3++/ 3;4! =5353&'+ &/'+4 ?*3+? +=&'?'5+ &/'+4 ; 54=&' 55  @ ? ;' ==? 3' 5 &/'5 & 0!000.00! '? + ? & =3@-/= &' D; ! 200. O' 5 + ?5!  &= & 5 &4 =4 455 453'> 5& 5 ==? ='5 + +'5 5& 5 +=&'?'5+ &/'+4 ; +334 5'+3++3&'. D+=35 ;3'> 3'&? & 53+! +=&'?'5 '* =3@? /= 5 @. R+=&'?'5 &/'5? 55 3+ &/'+4 3*? =5353&'+ &4 =4 455 &'4 &' D; 20! 200! +553'> 55 3+ +4 &/4? ; 4+? +/;+K/'5 5& 5 5/'-&* & 44 534+ &'? ; 5 &=' 3' 3+ =&++++3&'. R+=&'?'5 43? 55 5 &'4 53'> 3' 3+ =&++++3&' +  +=4 ='4+ &4? 3  ? 4? 5/'? '? 3 + ?/4 3*? ; T>/3'> &'  N&*; ,0! 200.

Page81of153 O' D; 3'+5 5 =5353&'+ & 344>4 ?3+3++4 '&' ='5 & +43+>+ '? 1,5 &'5 = 35 = & 3'+55'5 '? /44 ;@>+ =4 ?>+! '? 55&'+ +! &+5+ & +/35! '? 4>4 3'5+5.

ISS$E W5 & '&5 5 5=& 35&4?3'> & +=&'?'5+ +4>+ ; =5353&'+ +  *43? 3+ & '>'5 =&>53*. W5 & '&5 +=&'?'5 *&4/'534 +3>'?. W5 & '&5 +=&'?'5 + &'+5/53*4 ?3+3++? ; =5353&'+.

HELD 1. M'>'5 =&>53* + 5& 5 3>5 & ' =4& 5& >/45 44 +=5+ & =4&'5! +/ + 5 ?& 5& =+3; &@ ++3>''5+! &@3'> 5&?+! =&+++ 5& ; &44&?! >/453&' >?3'> 5'+ & =4&+! +/=*3+3&' & 53 &@! 4-& '? ?3+3=43'! '? ?3+3++4 '? 44 & &@. A45&/> '>'5 =&>53* + 5& 5 3>5 5& >/45 44 +=5+ &  =4&'5! 35 ''&5 ; /'?+5&&? 5& 3'4/? 5 3>5 5& 5=&34 35&4? +4>+ 35&/5 5 &'+'5 & 5 =4&. T& +'53&' +/ ' 3'5=553&' &/4? ; &'5 5& A534 116 & 5 L;& C&?! 3 =&*3?+:  ART. 116. W35&4?3'> & >+ '? @3@;@+ =&3;35?. I5 +44 ; /'4/4 & ' =+&'! ?354 & 3'?354! 5& 35&4? ' &/'5 & 5 >+ &  &@ & 3'?/ 3 5& >3* /= ' =5 &  3+ >+ ; &! +545! 3'533?53&'! 55 & ; ' &5 '+ 5+&* 35&/5 5 &@+ &'+'5. A' 35&4?3'> & ' =4&+ >+ ; ' =4&  &'4 ; 44&? 3' 5 & & > ??/53&'+ /'? 5 3/+5'+ =&*3?? 3' A534 11, & 5 L;& C&?! + +5 &5 ;4&:  ART. 11,. W> D?/53&'. N& =4&! 3' 3+ &' ;4 & 3' ;4 & ' =+&'! +44 @ ' ??/53&' & 5 >+ & 3+ =4&+! =5: () I' ++  5 &@ 3+ 3'+/? 35 3+ &'+'5 ; 5 =4&! '? 5 ??/53&' 3+ 5& &='+ 5 =4& & 5 &/'5 =3? ; 3 + =3/ &' 5 3'+/' (;) F& /'3&' ?/+! 3' ++  5 3>5 & 5 &@ & 3+ /'3&' 5& @-& + ;' &>'3?  ; 5 =4& & /5&3? 3' 353'> ; 5 3'?3*3?/4 &@ &''? '? () I' ++  5 =4& 3+ /5&3? ; 4 & >/453&'+ 3++/? ; 5 S5 & L;&. A+ &54 =&3'5? &/5 ; 5 LA! ;+'5  +&3'> 55 5 35&4?3'> & &=43''5+ >+ 44+ /'? 5 =53&'+ =&*3?? 3' A534 11,! 5 35&4?3'> 5& 3+ 5/+ /'4/4. A45&/> 35 ''&5 ; ?53'? 35 53'5 5 +=&'?'5 &@? & 5 '53 =3&? & N&*; 16 5& N&*; ,0! 200! 5 &'+3+5'5 /4 3+ 55 3 ?&/;5 3+5+ ;5' 5 *3?' =+'5? ; 5 =4& '? 55 ; 5 =4&! 5 +4+ & /+53 /+5 ; 5345? 3' *& & 5 455 3' 43' 35 5 =&43 '?5? ; A534+ 2 '? , & 5 L;& C&? 5& &? =&553&' 5& 4;& '? &'+5/ ?&/;5+ 3' *& & 4;&. F& =5353&'+ 34/ 5& +53+ 53 ;/?' & =&&! +=&'?'5 3+ =+/? 5& * &@? ?/3'> 5 =3&? 3' K/+53&' '? 3+! &?3'>4! '5354? 5& 3+ +4. T&! 5

Page82of153 35&4?3'> & +=&'?'5+ +4 ; =5353&'+ 3+ &'5 5& A534 116 & 5 L;& C&? '?! 5/+! /'4/4. 2. T C&/5 >+ 35 5 LA '? 5 CA 55 +=&'?'5 + &? 5& +3>'. W5 ? 35 3=&++3;4! /'+&';4 & /'43@4 & +=&'?'5 5& &'53'/ &@3'> & SHS + 5 /'4/4 35&4?3'> &  3+ +4. F& +3? +&'!  + &? 5& +3>'. I5 3+ & '& &'5 55  +*? 3+ +3>'53&' 455 &' N&*; ,0! 200! 5 4+5 ? & 5 =&44 =3&? '?  '&'-&@3'> &43?! +3' 3+ +4 + 4? ?/ 3 &' N&*; 2 5 4+5 &@3'> ? & +3? =3&?. I' 5!  + 5' 3'&? 55 5 >+ & 44 5 &5 SHS =4&+  4? 4+?! '? &'4 3+ + ;3'> 354?. W5 3+ +3>'33'5 3+ 55 5 +=&'?'5 ==? '? +*? 3+ +3>'53&' 455  3>5 5  + 3'&? 55 3+ +4 + ;3'> 354?. I5 &/4? ; ;+/? 5& K/3 +=&'?'5 5& 5&45 5 /'4/4 35&4?3'> & 3+ +4 &  4&'> =3&? ;& 3+ =4&'5 ' ; &'+3?? + +& 3=&++3;4! /'+&';4 & /'43@4 + 5& &'+535/5 &'+5/53* ?3+3++4. E*' >'53'> 55 5 35&4?3'> & +=&'?'5+ +4 &' N&*; ,0! 200! &/4? '&5 &'+535/5 ' /'4/4 5! 5 &'53'/? /+4 5& 4+ 3+ +4 5 5 =&44 =3&? + 44 /'4/4. T  =5353&'+ 43 55 5 ==? 5 @ ? & =3@-/= ''&5 /'?& 5 /'4/4 35&4?3'>. ,. T C&/5 >+ 35 5 LA '? 5 CA 55 5 /'4/4 35&4?3'> & +=&'?'5+ +4 &/'5+ 5& &'+5/53* ?3+3++4. R+=&'?'5 + &'+5/53*4 ?3+3++? '?! 5&! 344>44 ?3+3++?. A45&/> +=&'?'5 +  =&;53&' =4&!  + +5344 '5354? 5& +/35 & 5'/. S53&' , (2) A534 1, & 5 C&'+535/53&' >/'5+ 5 3>5 & 44 &@+ 5& +/35 & 5'/. I' /+3'> 5 =++3&' 44 &@+! 5 C&'+535/53&' =/5+ '& ?3+53'53&' ;5'  =&;53&' '?  =''5 & >/4  =4&. T3+ '+ 55 =&;53&' =4&+ ''&5 ; ?3+3++? =5 & /+ & & 34/ 5& K/43 + >/4 =4&+.

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NIA 'E!ELRY MAN$FACT$RING OF METAL ARTS1 INC. =(-6er?ise n(?n as NIA MAN$FACT$RING AND METAL ARTS1 INC.> an, ELISEA B. ABELLA ! "s. MADELINE C. MONTECILLO an, LIKA M. TRINIDAD ! G.R. N(. %//%@1 N(*e58er 3/1 3&%% Fac-s O' A/>/+5 1,! 200"! N3 #4 3=&+?  =&43 & >&4?+35+ K/33'> 5 5& =&+5 +  ;&'?+ & ?=&+35+ 3' *3'> &/'5+ ;/5 3' '& + ?3'> 1 & 5 455+ +43+ = @. T ?=&+35+  3'5'?? 5& '+ & ' 4&++ & ?> 3 N3 #4  +/+53' ; +&' &  5 >&4?+35+ /45 & '>43>' 3' '?43'> 5 >&4? '5/+5? 5& 5. T ?=&+35+ +44 ; 5/'? /=&' &=453&' & 5 >&4?+35+ &@ '? 5 ' &/'53'> & 5 >&4? 3*?. S3? +=&'?'5+ ?3? + =&43 '?  &'+3?? &'+5/53*4 ?3+3++? ; 5 &='! & &'4 44>? 55 5 +5&==? =&53'> 5& &@. R+=&'?'5+ 5' 34? &=43'5 ;/5 + + ?3+3++? ; 5 L;& A;35! &'4 ?3'> 5 53 1, 5  &'5 =. T 5' 4*5? 53  &=43'5 5& 5 NLCR 3'/+ 5 4?-&' 1, 5 &'5 =. A==43'> A534 11, '? 11" & 5 L;& C&?! 5 CA /4? 3' *& '? ?3'> +=&'?'5+. H' 53+ =5353&' & *3

Iss2es W5 & '&5 R/4 6 5353&' & C53&3 + 5 =&= ?. W5 & '&5 5 CA 5? 35 >* ;/+ & ?3+53&' ' 35 /4? 55 5 + 3'?? &'+5/53* ?3+3++4 '? &?3'> 5 R+=&'?'5+ 3'+55'5 '? ;@ >+ '? &5 &'5  ;'35+ 35&/5 5/4 & 4>4 ;++. W5 & '&5 5 K/3'5 & =&+53'> + ;&'?+ & * 5 + ??/5? & 5 &@+ +43+ 3+ =&=.

Hel, NO. R/4 " 4335+ /+ 5& 5 *3 & K/+53&'+ & 4 3+? >3'+5 5 ++34? CA ?3+3&'. I' /43'> & 4>4 &5'++!  * 5& *3 5 CA ?3+3&' 3' 5 + &'55 55 5 =5353&' &  53&3 35 /4? /=&' + =+'5? 5& 35  * 5& 3' 5 CA ?3+3&' & 5 =3+ &  5 35 &54 ?53'? 5 =+' & ;+' & >* ;/+ & ?3+53&' 3' 5 NLRC ?3+3&' ;& 35! '&5 &' 5 ;+3+ & 5 5 NLRC ?3+3&' &' 5 35+ & 5 + + &5. I' &5 &?+!  * 5& ; @'4  55 5 CA /'?5&&@  R/4 6 *3! '&5  *3 &' ==4! & 5 NLRC ?3+3&' 44'>? ;& 35. T3+ 3+ 5 ==& 55 +&/4? ; ;+3 3'  R/4 " *3 &  CA /43'> 3'  4;& +. I' K/+53&' &! 5 K/+53&' 5& +@ 3+: D3? 5 CA &54 ?53' 5 5 NLRC &355? >* ;/+ & ?3+53&' 3' /43'> &' 5 +P I' 53&3 =&?3'>+ /'? R/4 6 & 5 R/4+ & C&/5! 5 ==445 &/5 ?&+ '&5 ++++ '? 3> 5 +/33' & *3?' /=&' 3 5 L;& A;35 '? 5 NLRC ;+? 53 &'4/+3&'. T K/ 3' 53+ =&?3'> 3+ 4335? 5& 5 ?53'53&' & 5 & '&5 5 NLRC 5? 35&/5 &  3' ++ & 35+ /3+?353&' & 35 >* ;/+ & ?3+53&' 3' '?3'> 35+ ?3+3&'. H&*! + ' =53&'! 5 ==445 &/5  3' '? +/ 5 5/4 3'?3'>+ & 5 NLRC 3 5 +  '&5 +/==&5? ; +/;+5'534 *3?'.

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YES. C&'+5/53* ?3+3++4 &/+ ' 5 3+ ++53&' & &@ ;/+ &'53'/? =4&'5 3+ '?? 3=&++3;4! /'+&';4 & /'43@4 ' 5 3+  ?&53&' 3' '@ & ?33'/53&' 3' = & ;&5 & '  4 ?3+33'53&'! 3'+'+3;3435! & ?3+?3' ; ' =4& ;&+ /';;4 5& 5 =4&. I' 5 + '& /'? &/ &'+3?53&'! 5 =5353&'+ ?3? '&5 3+344 & ;3534 3=&+ 5  =&43 5& =&+5 + ;&'?+ & @ ??/53&'+ & 5 &@+ +43+. A+ 55+5? 5& ; 5 +=&'?'5+ 44& >&4?+35+ 3' 53 #&3'5 A3?*35! 5 &@+  &'*'? '? 3'&? & 5 +&' ;3'? 5 3=4'553&' & 5 ' =&43. I'+5? & 33'> 53 &''+! 5 +=&'?'5+ /+5  =&=54 +5&==? =&53'> & &@. A45&/> 5 =&=35 & K/33'> + ;&'?+ ++ ?&/;5/4 & +&'+ 5& ; ?3+/++? /'?!  3'? '& >&/'?+ 5& &4? 55 5 +=&'?'5+  ?3+3++? =++4 & *' &'+5/53*4 ; 5 =5353&'+. I5 + 5 +=&'?'5+ & 4 +5&==? =&53'> & &@. W34 35 3+ &'?? 55 5 ' =&43 344 3=&+ ' ??353&'4 ;/?' &' 5 =5 & 5 +=&'?'5+! 35 + '&5 3'5'?? 5& +/45 3' 53 ?&53&'. N35 3+  ?33'/53&' 3' = 3'5'?? ;/+ + 4&'> + 5 &@+ &;+* ?/ ?343>' 3' 5 =&' & 53 5+@+! '& 4&++ & ?> +44 +/45 & 53  '?43'> & 5 >&4? '5/+5? 5& 5! '! 44 5 &/'5+ ?/ 5& 5 >&4?+35+ +44 +5344 ; =3? 3' /44. F/5! 5 3=&+353&' & 5 ' =&43 ''&5 ; *3? + ' 5 5'5&/'5 5& ?3+33'53&'! 3'+'+3;3435 & ?3+?3' >3'+5 5 +=&'?'5+. F& &'! 5 =&43 + 3'5'?? 5& ; 3=4'5? /=&' 44 5 >&4?+35+ 3' N3 #4+ =4& '? '&5 +&44 /=&' 5 +=&'?'5+. B+3?+! + +5++? ; 5 =5353&'+! 5 ' =&43 + 3'5'?? 5& 4 /; 5 3'3?'+ & >&4? 55 3' 5 &@ =4. T ' =&43 ' ?4 ; +3? 5& ; ?3+?3'/4 & 3'+'+3;4 5& 5 &@+ + 5& '?  53 &'53'/? =4&'5 /'+&';4! /'43@4 & 3=&++3;4.

NO. W34 =4&+ +&/4? >'44 ; >3*' 4+ 3' 53 3+ & '>'5  =&>53*+!  > 35 5 +=&'?'5+ '? 5 CA 55 3' 5 + 5 ;! 5 =5353&'+ ? 34? 5& =&* 55 53 3=&+353&' & 5 ' =&43 /=&' 5 >&4?+35+ /'? N3 #4+ =4& 44+ /'? 5 =53&'+ +=33? 3' A534+ 11, '? 11" & 5 L;& C&?. W34 5 =5353&'+  '&5 ;+&4/54 =4/?? & 3=&+3'> 5 ' =&43! 5 ' &'4 ?& +& /=&' &=43' 35 5 K/3'5+ & 5 4. I' &5 &?+! 5 =5353&'+ +&/4? 3+5 +5;43+ 55 5 @3'> & ??/53&'+ & 5 +43+ 3+ /5&3? ; 4! & >/453&'+ 3++/? ; 5 S5 & L;&. F/5! 5 =&+53'> & + ;&'?+ +&/4? ; =&*' +  &>'3? =53 3' 5  4 '/5/3'> ;/+3'++! & 45'53*4! 5 =5353&'+ +&/4? +@ & 5 ?53'53&' ; 5 S5 & L;& 5&/> 5 3++/' & ==&=35 /4+ '? >/453&'+ 55 5 =&43 5 &  +@+ 5& 3=4'5 3+ '++ & ?+3;4 3' 5 &'?/5 & ;/+3'++. T =5353&'+ 34? 3' 53+ +=5. I5 ;+ +5++3'> 55 35&/5 =&&+ 55 K/33'> ?=&+35+ '? 53'> ??/53&'+  &>'3? =53+! & 35&/5 +/3'> 5 S5 & L;&+ ?53'53&' & 5 '++35 &  ?+3;3435 & 5 +! 5 3=&+353&' & ' =&433+ 453* 5& ??/53&'+ '? ?=&+35+ ' ; ? +/;5 5& ;/+ ; 5 =4&+. T3+ 3+ '&5 5 5 4 3'5'?+.

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L(csin II *s. Meeni F((, C(rp.1 GR N(. %3%&<1 Dece58er 1 3&%" Fac-s 5353&' A'5&'3& L&+3' II + 5 R>3&'4 S4+ M'> & +=&'?'5 M@'3 F&&? C&=&53&'. H + 3? &' F;/ 200" 5& &*+ 5 NCR '? L/&' &=53&'. I' ??353&' 5& 3+ &='+53&' '? ;'35 =@>!   + &? 5& 3 /'? 3 &'-4 & 5 &+5 & 5 *34 3+ 5& ; =3? ; 5 &=' '? 5 &5 4 5& ; ??/5? & =5353&'+ +4. T  *4/? 5 20!000 3 L&+3' =3? 5&/> +4 ??/53&'+ & !000 = &'5. O' F;/ 2006! L&+3' +3>'?. A 5&54 & 112!00.00 ? 4? ;' ??/5? & 3+ &'54 +4 '? ==43? + =5 & 3+ + 3' 5  =4'. U=&' +3>'53&'! =5353&' ? =+&'4 '? 355' &44&-/=+ >?3'> 3+ /'=3? +43+! &3++3&'+! ;'35+! '? & 5& =/+ 3+ +*3 *34. M@'3 =43? 55 5 &='  =4' ;'35 ==43? &'4 5& =4&+ & * ;' 35 5 &=' & 3* + & 53+ +&'! 5 ;4' 55 =5353&' +&/4? = &' 3+ +*3 *34 +5&&? 5 116!,0.00 3  &=5+ 5& =/+ 5 +. O' M ,! 2007! =5353&' 34? >3'+5 M@'3 '?& 35+ +3?'5! /?'3& S. G3!  C&=43'5 & 5 &* & &'5 43+ &'+3+53'> & /'=3? +43+! &3++3&'+! +3@*53&' 4* ;'35+! '? &* & &'54 +4 ??/53&'+ 3  @? & 3+ &+5-+3'> 3' 5  =4'.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 =5353&' 3+ '5354? 5&  /'? & 44 5 &/'5+ ==43? 5& 5 &+5 & 5 +*3 *34 /'? 5  =4'.

R2lin A' ;'35 & =3*34> '&? ; =5353&' & /+3'> 5 +*3 *34 + 4 3'3?'54 '? 3'+3>'33'5! ;/+ & 5 &+5 =5 5 *34 + /'? M@'3+ &'5&4 '? +/=*3+3&'. F '? &=45 ?3+=&+4 3+ >3*' 5& 5 =5353&' &'4 5 5 *34+ &+5 3+ &*? & =3? 3' /44. U'534 5'! 5 *34 3'+ 5 5 ;@ '? 44 & M@'3. G3*' 5 *+5 535& =5353&' ? 5& &* 5& ; ;4 5& =& 3+ &@ 53*4 '? >'5 ;/+3'++ & 3+ =4&! 5 +*3 *34 + ' ;+&4/5 '++35! & 4+ M@'3+ ;/+3'++ &/4? +/ ?*+4. T/+! 35 3+ 4 55 34 =5353&' + =3'> & 4 & 5 *34+ *4/! M@'3 + =3'> 5 /44 ;'35+ & 5 /+ 5&. U'? A534 22 & 5 C3*34 C&?! * =+&' & 5&/> ' 5 & =&' ; '&5! &  ' &5 '+! K/3+ & &+ 3'5& =&++++3&' & +&53'> 5 5 ='+ & 5 455 35&/5 /+5 &  4>4 >&/'?! +44 5/' 5 + 5& 3. A534 21"2 & 5 + C&? 43@3+ 433+ 55 5  53' 4/4! *&4/'5 '? /'3454 5+ 3 >3* 3+ 5& 5 /3?34 453&' & K/+3-&'55! 5& 5 '? 55 '& &' +44 ; /'/+54 '3? & ;'35? 5 5 ='+ & '&5. I' 5 ;+' & +=33 5+ '? &'?353&'+ >&*'3'> 5  =4' '>'5 ;5' 5 =5353&' '? M@'3!  K/+3&'55/4 453&' + 5? ;5' 5. C&'+K/'54! M@'3  '&5 '3 35+4 ; >3'>  =5353&' & 5 /+ & 35+ *34 3 3+ &53+ ;+&4/54 '++ 5& 5 /44 '? 53*  =&&53&' & 35+ ;/+3'++. I5  '&5! /'? 5 43 55 =5353&'+ ='5+ &'+535/5 '5+ & 5 /+ &  5 &=' *34! /+ 5& /'? 5 =5353&' ? =3?! & 5 +&'+ 55 5  =4' ?3? '&5  +/  &'?353&' 5 +/;5 *34 3+ ' &4?  55 3+ +/;+5'5344! 3 '&5 /44! ?=35? 5  =4' '>'5 ;'35? M@'3 & 5 &+5 =5 '? ' =+&'4 ;'35 &;53'? ; =5353&' & /+3'> 5 *34 + 4 3'3?'54. C&'*+4! =5353&' ''&5 &* 5 &'5 *4/ & M@'3+ &/'5=5 &'53;/53&' 5& 5 &+5 &  5 *34 55 3+ '&5 =&=5 & &' 55 ;4&'>+ 5& 3! '& + 35 3'5'?? 5& ; >3*' 5& 3 3' 43/ & 5  =4'. M@'3+ + & 5 *34+ &+5 + '&5 =5 & =5353&'+ &='+53&' =@>. T *34 3+ ' ++5 55 ;4&'>? 5& M@'3. #/+5 + M@'3 3+ /'/+54 '3? ; 343'> 5& /'?  =5353&'+ ='5+! +& +&/4? =5353&' '&5 ; ?? 5 *4/ & M@'3+ &/'5=5 &'53;/53&' 5& 5  =4'! + 53+ &/4? /'/+54 '3 3 5 M@'3+ ='+.

Page86of153 T/+! M@'3 F&&? C&=&53&' +&/4? /'? =5353&' A'5&'3& L&+3' II+ ='5+ /'? 5    =4' >'5 &/'53'> &'4 5& 5 5'5 & 5 &'53;/53&' L&+3' ?! 5&5443'> 5& 5 &/'5 &  112!00.00.

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TH S6(p:i--ers C(rp.1 e- al.1 *s. T#H S6(p:i--ers C(rp.1 $ni(n1 GR N(. %%0%41 Fe8 3@1 3&%4 Fac-s O' S=5; 7! 200"! 5 TH S&=355+ C&=&53&' G3' $/' C&=&53&' &@+ /'3&' (THS-G$ U'3&') 34? 53 C&=43'5 & U'3 L;& 53 (UL) ;  & /'3&' ;/+53'>! '? I44>4 L&@&/5! 35 &4 '? =4 ?>+ '? 55&'+ +! >3'+5 TH S&=355+ C&=&53&' (TH S&=355+) '? G3' $/' C&=&53&' ;& 5 L;& A;35 (LA). 1+5 CAUSE: I' 53 ?+3 5& 3=&* 53 &@3'> &'?353&'+! +=&'?'5+ '? &5 =4&+ & 4? 53  3+5 &4 53'> &' N&*; 2,! 200, 5& ?3+/++ 5 &53&' &  /'3&'. T &44&3'> ?! +*'5' (17) =4&+  ;? & '53'> =5353&'+ 5& =3++ 4&5? 3' C+5344&+! %;4+! '? &?? 5& 5'+ 5& TH S&=355+ &/+ 5 S/;3 B F=&5 %&' (SBF%)  =/=&5?4 ;/+ & 35+ ='+3&'. A5?+! 5 +3? +*'5' (17) =4&+  =5?4 &?? 5& >& &' &? 4* ?/ 5& 5 /'*34;3435 & &@. R+=&'?'5+ &'5'?? 55 5 5? =4&+  '&5 >3*' >/4 &@ ++3>''5+! 34 +/;&'55&+  &'53'/&/+4 3? 5& =& 53 /'53&'+. R+=&'?'5+ +&/>5 5 ++3+5' & 5  N53&'4 C&'34353&' '? M?353&' B&?. S/;+K/'54! ' >'5 ;5' =5353&'+ '? THS-G$ U'3&' + ?. 5353&'+ >? 5& >3* =3&35 5& >/4 =4&+ 3' 5 ?3+53;/53&' & &@  ++3>''5+. R+=&'?'5+ *?! &*! 55 =5353&'+ '* &=43? 35 35+ &35'5 ;/5 3'+5? 3? &'55/4 &@+. I'+5?! R+=&'?'5+ 43? 55 5 &@ @+ & 5&+ =4&+ 3' 5 SBF% =4'5  ?+5344 ?/? 5& &'4 5 (,) ?+ 3'  &'5. 2'? CAUSE: O' M 2"! 200"! THS-G$ U'3&' 34?  =5353&' & 53353&' 453&' '? ' &? + 3++/? 5& &4? 5 53353&' 453&' 3' ;&5 TH S&=355+ '? G3' $/'. O' O5&; 10! 200"! =5353&'+ +=&'+&?  34? 53= 5& I;! %;4+! & 35+ =4&+. T &3+ '? ;+ & 5 THS-G$ U'3&'  =/=&5?4 4/?? & 5 34? 53=. O' 5 *'3'> & 5 34? 53=!  53' A'>4 M?3>!  +4+ &3 & =5353&'+! =3>'? >3'+5 5 /'3&' 3' 5 &5&3'> 53353&' 453&'. W' 5 53353&' 453&' + +?/4? &' O5&; 11! 200"! 5 =4&+  +&5? & 5 34? 53= 5& 5 =&443'> '5 3' %;4+ 5& +5 53 *&5+. T 3'3'> =4&+ +35/5? 5 5 SBF%  =4'5 +5 53 *&5+ + 44. D/ 5& 5 * =++/ 5? ; =5353&'+! 5 *&5+ & '& /'3&'  =*34?. ,? CAUSE: A &'?/ + 3++/? ; =5353&' B' H/'> (H/'>)! D35& & G3' $/'! 3'&? 35+ =4&+ & 5 =353&' & 5 4+ &'55 ;5' G3' $/' '? 35+ 4++& 3' C+5344&+! %;4+ '? ''&/'? 5 4&53&' & 35+ &3 '? &@+ 5& C;'>'! %;4+. W' 5 +=&'?'5+! *3+35? 5 +35 3' C;'>'! ?3+&*? 55 35 +  543;' & >++4'?. T +3? /'3&' &3+ '? ;+  ? 5& &@ + >++ /55+ 3' C;'>'! /'? 5 +/=*3+3&' &  53' B'> C=53' G> '>'. D/ 5& 5+ 3/+5'+! 5 =4&+ ++3>'? 3' C;'>' ?3? '&5 =&5 & &@. T &5 =4&+ & 43@3+ 34? 5& =&5 3' C;'>'  5? &/5 35 +/+='+3&'. ETITIONERS DEFENSE:

Page88of153 I' 35+ ?'+! 5353&'+ 4+& +5++ 55 5 ''&5 ; 4? 43;4 & UL & 5 +&' 55 5 3+ '& =4&-=4& 453&'+3= ;5' 5 & '? +=&'?'5+. F/5! G3' $/' *+ 55 35+ ?3+3&' 5& 3=4'5 ' '&? &553&' & &@ ++3>''5+ & +=&'?'5+ +  '>'5  =&>53* =355? ; 4! /+533? ?/ 5& 5 ?+ 3' &?+ & 35+ /+5&+! 5 ? 5& +&5 5& &+5 /553'> +/+ 5& *&3? '533=5? 3''34 4&+++. T/+! 35 ++3>'? &@ &'  &553&'4 ;+3+. I5 =43'+ 55 35+ 34/ 5& =+'5 &'5 =&& & 35+ ?+3'> &?+ + ?/ 5& 5 3=&++3;3435 &   =&*3'>  '>53* ++53&'. I5 4+& ++5+ 55 5 5'+ & C+5344&+ 5& C;'>' + ? 3' >&&? 35 '? +&44 ;/+ & 5 =353&' & 35+ 4+ &'55 3' C+5344&+. I5 + & 5 3=++3&' 55 5 =4&+! & &==&+? 35+ &'&3 +/+!  4 &53*5? ; +=35 3' 343'> 5 &=43'5 &  UL >3'+5 35.

Iss2es W5 UL 5+  &355? ; =5353&'+ >3'+5 +=&'?'5+. R2lin UL  &355? ; =5353&'+ >3'+5 +=&'?'5+. 5353&'+  ;3'> /+? & *3&453&'+ & =>=+ ()! ()! '? () & A534 27 (&4 A534 2") & 5 L;& C&?!1, 5& 35:  Article 869. )nfair labor practices of employers.::It s%all be unla*ful for an employer to commit  any of t%e follo*in# unfair labor practices; 4a5 o interfere *it%, restrain or coerce employees in t%e e1ercise of t%eir ri#%t to self!or#aniation<  1 1 1 1 4c5 o contract out services or functions bein# performed by union members *%en suc% *ill interfere *it%, restrain, or coerce employees in t%e e1ercise of t%eir ri#%t to self!or#aniation<  1 1 1 1 4e5 o discriminate in re#ard to *a#es, %ours of *or+, and ot%er terms and conditions of  employment in order to encoura#e or dis coura#e members%ip in any labor or#aniation. 1 1 1

T K/+53&'? 5+ & =5353&'+! '4: 1) +=&'+&3'>  34? 53= 5& %;4+ & 35+ =4&+! 5& 5 4/+3&' & /'3&' ;+! ;& 5 +?/4? 53353&' 453&' 2) 5 53* =3>' ; 5 +4+ &3 & =5353&'+ >3'+5 5 /'3&' =*343'> +  ;>3'3'> >'5 ?/3'> 5 34? 53= ,) +&53'> 35+ =4&+ 5 5 34? 53= 5& 5 =&443'> '5 ") 5 &'53'/&/+ 33'> & +/;&'55&+  =&3'> +=&'?'5+ /'53&'+ ) ++3>'3'> /'3&' ;+ 5& 5 C;'>' +35 5& &@ + >++ /55+ '? 6) 5 '&'5 & &@ &'  &553&'4 ;+3+ & /'3&' ;+! 5@' 5&>5! +&';4 +/==&5 ' 3'' 55! 3'??! +/  44 &+55? 5& +535 +=&'?'5+  3+ & 53  3>5 5& +4-&>'353&'. T C&/5 3+ & 5 &'+3?? *3 5&+ =5353&'+ /'?3+=/5? 53&'+ =3& '? 3?354  ;& 5 +?/4? 53353&' 453&'! 34 +3'>4 3''&/&/+! /'?/4 ??4? 3' 5 3+ & 35+ =4&+ 3' +453'> 53 4/+3* ;>3'3'> =+'553*.

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!esle9an $ni*ersi-9+P6ils.1 *s. !esle9an $ni*ersi-9+P6ils.1 Fac2l-9 # S-a:: Ass(.1 GR N(. %/%/&@1 Marc6 %31 3&%4 Fac-s 5353&' W+4' U'3*+35-343==3'+ 3+  '&'-+5&@! '&'-=&35 ?/53&'4 3'+535/53&' ?/4 &>'3? '? 3+53'> /'? 5 4+ & 5 343==3'+. R+=&'?'5 W+4' U'3*+35-343==3'+ F/45 '? S5 A++&353&'! &' 5 &5 '?! 3+  ?/4 >3+5? 4;& &>'353&' 53'> + 5 +&4 '? 4/+3* ;>3'3'> >'5 & 44 '@-'?-34 /45 '? +5 =4&+ & =5353&'. I' D; 200,! 5 =53+ +3>'?  - CBA 53* #/' 1! 200, /'534 M ,1! 200. O' A/>/+5 16! 200! =5353&'! 5&/> 35+ +3?'5! A55. M>4 ! 3++/?  M&'?/  =&*3?3'> >/3?43'+ &' 5 3=4'553&' & *53&' '? +3@ 4* ?35+ + 44 + *53&' 4* &/553&' 3 +55+ 55 *53&' '? +3@ 4* ?35+  '&5 /5&53 + 4* ?35+ &/4? ; '? &'  &'5-5&-&'5 '? &'4 *53&' 4* 3+ &/5? & &'53? 5& + 3 3+ 5? 5 5 +&'?  & &'53'/&/+ +*3 & ' =4&. R+=&'?'5+ K/+53&'? 5 >/3?43'+ & ;3'> *3&453* & 3+53'> =53+ '? 5 CBA 3  =&*3? 55 44 &*? =4&+  '5354? 5& 1 ?+ +3@ 4* '? 1 ?+ *53&' 4* 35 = *  '? 55 5 5 +&'?  & +*3! 44 /'/+? *53&' 4* +44 ; &'*5? 5& + '?  =3? 5& 5 =4& 5 5 '? &  +&&4 ! '&5 45 5' A/>/+5 ,0 &  . R+=&'?'5 34  >3*' &=43'5 &' 5 3=4'553&' & 5 *53&' '? +3@ 4* =&43. 5353&' 4+& ''&/'? 35+ =4' & 3=4'53'>  &'-53'5 =&43 3 + /'=5;4 5& +=&'?'5. R+=&'?'5 +/;355? 3?*35+ 5& =&* 55 5 3+ ' +5;43+? =53 & >3*3'> 5& 53'5 ;'35+! &' & 5 3*5 E?/53&' R53'5 A''/35 A++&353&' (ERAA) 4' '? '&5 & 5 CBA R53'5 4'. T V&4/'5 A;355& '??  D3+3&' ?43'> 5 &'-53'5 =&43 '? 5 M&'?/ ?5? A/>/+5 16! 200 &'5 5& 4. CA 4+& 3? 5 /43'> & 5 V&4/'5 A;355&. 5353&' >/+ 55 5 3+ &'4 &' 53'5 =4' + 5 CBA R53'5 4' '? 5 ERAA 4'  &' '? 5 +. I5 3'53'+ 55 5 3+ '& +5;43+? &=' =53 & =&43 & >3*3'> 5& 53'5 ;'35+ 5& 35+ =4&+. R+=&'?'5 ;43+ 5 43+ & =5353&' '? ++5+ 55 5  5& 53'5 =4'+ + 5 ERAA R53'5 4'! 3 + ;' 3=4'5? & & 5' ,0 +! 3+ ?3'5 & 5 CBA R53'5 4'. R+=&'?'5 /5 *+ 55 35 + 4+ ;'  =53 &   =5353&' 5& >3* 5& 53'5 ;'35+ '? 55 53+ =53 + +5;43+? ; +/;+5'534 *3?' + &/'? ; ;&5 5 V&4/'5 A;355& '? 5 CA.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 +=&'?'5+  '5354? 5& 5& 53'5 =4'+. R2lin T N&'-D33'/53&' R/4 &/'? 3' A534 100 & 5 L;& C&? =43354 =&3;35+ =4&+ & 433'53'> & ?/3'> 5 ;'35+ 3*? ; 53 =4&+. T3+ /4! &*! ==43+ &'4 3 5  ;'35 3+ ;+? &' ' =++ =&43!  355' &'55! & + 3='? 3'5&  =53. T& ; &'+3??   =53! 35 /+5 ; &'+3+5'54 '? ?43;54 ? ; 5 =4& &*  4&'> =3&? & 53. R+=&'?'5 + ;4 5& =+'5 +/;+5'534 *3?' 3' 5 & & 3?*35+ 5& +/==&5 35+ 43 55 5

Page90of153  5& 53'5 =4'+. B+? &' 5 3?*35+! =5353&' + ;' >3*3'> 5& 53'5 ;'35+ + 4 + 1<<7. 5353&'! &' 5 &5 '?! 34? 5& =+'5 ' *3?' 5& /5 5 *35 & 5+ 3?*35+. 5353&'+ ++53&' 55 5 3+ &'4 &' 53'5 =4' + 5 CBA R53'5 4' '? 5 ERAA 4'  &' '? 5 + 3+ '&5 +/==&5? ; ' *3?'. T M&'?/ ?5? A/>/+5 16! 200 3+ &'5 5& 5 3+53'> CBA. I5 4335+ 5 *34;4 4* ?35+ & ' =4& 5 5 +55 & 5 +&&4 . T M&'?/ ?5? 3=&++  433553&' '&5 >? /=&' ; 5 =53+ '& +55? 3' 5 CBA! +& 35 /+5 ; +5/@ ?&'.

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Bl2er T6an Bl2e '(in- en-2res C(.1 *s. Es-e8an1 GR N(. %3'? 5 5 =5353&'+ ;&/53K/. H =3 5+@+  55'?3'> 5& 44 /+5& '?+! '+/3'> 33'5 3'*'5&! &&?3'53'> &?+ & 43'5+! +33'> '? =&53'> 5& 5 &/'53'> ?=5'5. T =5353&' 4'? 55 +& & 53 =4&+ ? ++ 5& 53 OS ++5 35 5 /+ &  /'3*+4 =++&? >3*' 5& 5 ;  53' E4 F4&+! & 3' 5/' 4'? & 5 =++&? & 5 +=&'?'5. T =5353&' 5' &'?/5? ' 3'*+53>53&' '? +@? 5 =5353&' 5& =43'  + +&/4? '&5 ; ?3+3=43'34 ?45 35. D/3'> 5 3'*+53>53&' 5 +=&'?'5 + =4? /'? =*'53* +/+='+3&'. A5 3'*+53>53&' 5 =5353&' 53'5? 5 +=&'?'5 &' 5 >&/'?+ & 4&++ & 5/+5 & &'3?'. T3+ +=&'?'5 + >3*'  3'4 > '?  ;'35+ 4++ 5 3'*'5& *3' 3'/? ; 5 +5&. T3+ />? 5 +=&'?'5 5& 34  &=43'5 &  344>4 ?3+3++4! 344>4 +/+='+3&'! &43? =! +5 ? '? +=53&' =. T 4;& ;35 /4? 3'   *&/ ?3'>  ;@>+. T =5353&' ==4? 5 ?3+3&' 3' 5 NLRC '? 5 ?3+3&' + *+?. H&*! /=&' 5 +=&'?'5+ =5353&' & 53&3 3' 5 &/5 & ==4+ 5 ?3+3&' + 3'+55?. H'! 53+ =5353&'.

Iss2e W5 5 '>53* +4+ *3' &/4? ; *43?4 ??/5? & 5 +=&'?'5+ >P R2lin N&! 35 ''&5 ; ??/5? 3' 53+ +. A534 11, & 5 L;& C&? =&*3?+ 55 '& =4&! 3' 3+ &' ;4 & 3' ;4 & '  =+&'! +44 @ ' ??/53&' & 5 >+ & 3+ =4&+! =5 3' ++  5 =4& 3+ /5&3? ; 4 & >/453&'+ 3++/? ; 5 S5 & L;& '? E=4&'5! &'> &5+. T O'3;/+ R/4+ I=4'53'> 5 L;& C&?! '34! =&*3?+: SECTION 1". D?/53&' & 4&++ & ?>. Q W 5 =4& 3+ '>>? 3'  5?! &/=53&' & ;/+3'++  5 =53 & @3'> ??/53&'+ & K/33'> ?=&+35+ 3+ &>'3? 5& '+ & 5 3;/+'5 & 4&++ & ?> 5& 5&&4+! 534+! & K/3='5 +/==43? ; 5 =4& 5& 5 =4&! 5 =4&  @ > ??/53&'+ & K/3 5 =4&+ 5& @ ?=&+35+ & 3 ??/53&'+ +44 ; ?! +/;5 5& 5 &44&3'> &'?353&'+: ) T5 5 =4& &''? 3+ 44 +&' 5& ; +=&'+3;4 & 5 4&++ & ?>  ;) T5 5 =4& 3+ >3*' +&';4 &==&5/'35 5& +& /+  ??/53&' +&/4? '&5  ; ? ) T5 5 &/'5 & +/ ??/53&' 3+ 3 '? +&';4 '? +44 '&5 ? 5 5/4 4&++ & ?> '? ?) T5 5 ??/53&' & 5 >+ & 5 =4& ?&+ '&5 ? 20 ='5 & 5 =4&+ >+ 3'  @. I' 53+ +! 5 =5353&' 34? 5& +/33'54 +5;43+ 55 E+5;' + +=&'+3;4 & 5 '>53* *3' 35 ? 3' 35+ +4+ & 5  200 5& 2006 '? 55 E+5;' + >3*' 5 &==&5/'35 5& +& /+ 5 ??/53&' &  4+5 +4 +&/4? '&5 ; ?. F/5&! 5 &/5 /4?! 3' N3' #4 M@53'> & M54 A5+! I'. *. M&'5344&! 55: 8T9 =5353&'+ +&/4? 3+5 +5;43+ 55 5 @3'> & ??/53&'+ & 5 +43+ 3+ /5&3?  ; 4! & >/453&'+ 3++/? ; 5 S5 & L;&. F/5! 5 =&+53'> & + ;&'?+ +&/4? ;  =&*' +  &>'3? =53 3' 5 4 '/5/3'> ;/+3'++! & 45'53*4! 5  =5353&'+ +&/4? +@ & 5 ?53'53&' ; 5 S5 & L;& 5&/> 5 3++/' &  ==&=35 /4+ '? >/453&'+ 55 5 =&43 5 & +@+ 5& 3=4'5 3+ '++ & 

Page92of153 ?+3;4 3' 5 &'?/5 & ;/+3'++. T =5353&'+ 34? 3' 53+ +=5. I5 ;+ +5++3'> 55 35&/5 =&&+ 55 K/33'> ?=&+35+ '? 53'> ??/53&'+  &>'3? =53+! & 35&/5 +/3'> 5 S5 & L;&+ ?53'53&' & 5 '++35 & ?+3;3435 & 5 +! 5 3=&+353&' & ' =&433+ 453* 5& ??/53&'+ '? ?=&+35+ ' ; ? +/;5 5& ;/+ ; 5 =4&+. T3+ 3+ '&5 5 5 4 3'5'?+.

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Ne-lin C(5p2-er Inc. *s. Del5(1 GR N(. %@&/301 '2ne %/1 3&%4 Fac-s 5353&' 3? +=&'?'5 + &/'5 '> 5+@? 5& '*++ '? +&/ 43'5+ '? &'*3' 5 5& =/+ 5 =&?/5+ '? +*3+ & 5 =5353&'. R+=&'?'5 &@? 3' 5 34? &+5 & 5 53. H '? 3+ 44& &/'5 '>+  '&5 K/3? 5& &=43+ 53 ?+ 5& &? 53   =+&'4 =+' 3' 5 &3 & 5 =5353&'. H + ;4 5& >'5 +4+ &5 ,!000!000.00! & & 4++! & 3  '? &3++3&'+ &/'53'> 5& <<,!.< '? US7!.,0. H 5' K/+5?  ='5 & 3+ &3++3&'+! ;/5 5 =5353&' /+? '? &'4 >* 3 =534 + ?*'+ >;4 5& 3+ &3++3&'+. L5 &'! 5 =5353&' ;>' 5& '35=3@ '? /45 3'?! 43@ +5++3'> 3+ +/==&+? ;+'+ '? 5?3'++. I' &? 5& & 3 5& +3>'! 5 =5353&' 3++/? +*4 &'? ?5343'> 3+ +/==&+? 3'53&'+ & 5 &='+ 55'?' =&43. D+=35 5 &'?! 5 +=&'?'5 &'53'/? 5& >'5 /> +4+ & 5 =5353&'. O' N&*; 2! 1<<6! 5 +=&'?'5 + +&@? '  + /+? '5 3'5& 5 &='  =3++ ; 5 +/35 >/? =/+/'5 5&  &'?/ 5& 55 5. H3+ =+&'4 ;4&'>3'>+  +5344 3'+3? 5 &=' =3++ '?  +&/>5 53 5/' 5& 3. T3+ 3'3?'5 =&=5? 5 +=&'?'5 5& 34  &=43'5 & 344>4 ?3+3++4. I' 35+ '+ 5& +=&'?'5+ &=43'5! 5 =5353&' &/'5? 55 5  >/3?43'+ >?3'> &=' &@3'> 53 '? 35+ /534353&' '? & 5 =4&+ 53 &/4? ; &??. A44>?4! 44  =+&''4  K/3? 5& /+ 5 ;/'? 4&@ 5& =/' 3' '? &/5 3' 5 &'3'>! '? 3' '? &/5 3' 5 5'&&'. E=5? & 5 /4+  5 &=' &3+! '? 5 /5&3? =+&''4 3' 5 34?  =&5 ++3>''5+. T =5353&' 43? 55 35 &/4? ; 4&+3'> &' 5 ;/+3'++ 5'+53&'+ 4&+? ; +=&'?'5 ?/ 5& 5 3> &+5+ & K/3='5! '? 3' 5 3+ ;3>>+5 43'5 ? '&5 5 =3?. T =5353&'   =&3'5? &/5 55 5 +=&'?'5 ? ;& * 4 3' 3+ &;43>53&'+! 35 5 &5 &/'5 '>+ *'5/44 *3'> &/5=&? 3. T =5353&' ++5? 55 '3'>! =3'?! '? +/+='+3&' &'?  >3*' 5& =4&+ & *3&45? &=' /4+ '? >/453&'+ ;/5 +/ 53&'+  &'+3?? +  '++ '>'5 5&&4 5& 3'+5344 ?3+3=43'. T CA /4? 3' *& & 5 +=&'?'5. T =5353&' +/;35+ 55 5 CA &355?  =4=;4 '? *+3;4 & & 4 3' '&5 &4?3'> 55 5 ==43;4 '> 5 & &=/53'> 5 US ?&44  &3++3&'+ & 5 +=&'?'5 +&/4? ; 5 5+ =*343'> 5 5 53 ' 5 +4+  5/44 >'5?! '&5 5 5+ =*343'> 5 5 53 & 5 ='5 '? 3' ?3'> 55&'+ +. I' 3+ &'5! 5 +=&'?'5 &/'5+ 55 ;/+  ? '? 3' US ?&44+ 35 + &'4 3 55 3+ &3++3&'+ ; =3? 3' US ?&44+ 55 5 =5353&' +&/4? '&5 ; 44&?  43=-4&= 5 35 ? =3? &3++3&'+ 3' US ?&44 &' 5 +4+ >'5? ; 35+ +4+ >'5+ &' US-?&44 ?'&3'5? 5'+53&'+ '? 55 55&'+ +  '5? ;/+ & 5 /''3&/+ 3'?3'> 55 5 + *3&453&' &   =&?/4 ?/ =&++. I' 35+ =4! 5 =5353&' 3'53'+ 55 5 &3++3&'+ & +=&'?'5 +&/4? ; ;+? &' +4+ >'5?! 5/44 =3? ; '? &445? & 5 /+5&+ 55 &3++3&'+ /+5 ; =3? &' 5 ;+3+ &  5 &'*+3&' & 5 US ?&44 5& 5 343==3' =+& 5 5 53 & +4 '? 55 '& &>'5 '? /+533;4 +&' 3+5? & 5 ? & 55&'+ +.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 ='5 & 5 &3++3&'+ +&/4? ; 3' US ?&44+ '? 5 & '&5 5 ? &  55&'+ + + '5?.

Hel, T ==4 + '& 35. A+  >'4 /4! 44 &;43>53&'+ +44 ; =3? 3' 343==3' /'. H&*! 5 &'553'> =53+  +53=/45 55 &3>' /'3+  ; /+? & +5543'> &;43>53&'+. T3+ 3+ =/+/'5 5& RA 1,.

Page94of153 T + '& 355' &'55 ;5' 5 =5353&' '? +=&'?'5 +53=/453'> 55 5 455+ &3++3&'+ &/4? ; =3? 3' US ?&44+. T ;+' & 5 &'55/4 +53=/453&' '&535+5'?3'>! 5  =5353&' + +5344 43;4 5& = +=&'?'5 3' US ?&44+ ;/+ 5 =53 & =3'> 35+ +4+ >'5+ 3' US ?&44+ & 53 US ?&44-?'&3'5? +4+ ? ;&  &=' =&43. T3+ + 3=43?4 ?355?  ; =5353&' ' 35 ?3? '&5 /5 5 44>53&' 55 5 &3++3&'+ '? ; +=&'?'5 '? 35+ &5  +4+ >'5+ ? ;' =3? 3' US ?&44+. I'+5? & ?'3'> 5 44>53&'! 5 =5353&' &'4 +&/>5  ?453&' 55 5 US ?&44 &3++3&'+ ; =3? /+3'> 5 '> 5 5 5 53 & +4. T =3'3=4 & '&'-?33'/53&' & ;'35+! 3 + ;' 3'&=&5? 3' A534 100 & 5 L;& C&?! &;? 5  =5353&' & /'34544 ?/3'>! ?33'3+3'>! ?3+&'53'/3'> & 433'53'> 5 =53. V34! 5  =+ +/==4'5+! & &5 =4& ;'35+ 3' A534 100 3+ &'+5/? 5& ' 5 &='+53&' '?  =3*34>+ 3*? ; ' =4& +3? & >/4 +43+ & >+. W35 5 ='5 & US ?&44 &3++3&'+ *3'> 3='? 3'5&  &=' =53! 5 3+ '&  55 5 &3++3&'+ ?/ 5& +=&'?'5  5& =3? 3' US ?&44+ & 53 K/3*4'5 3' 343==3' /' ?53'? 5 5 53 & 5 +4+. T& /4 &53+ &/4? ; /+ ' /'/+5 ?33'/53&' & 5 &3++3&'+ ?/ '? &3'> 5& D4&. F3'44! 5 SC 3+ 5 &44&3'> /+53353&' & 5 CA 3' >'53'> 55&'+ + 5& +=&'?'5.

Page95of153

PLDT *s.Es-raner(1 GR N(.%3<%/1 Oc- %<1 3&%4 Fac-s 5353&' =4&? 5 +=&'?'5 + ' A/5&-M'3E4533' H4=! #&; G? , 35  &'54 +4 & 1!000.00 5 5 53 & 3+ +=53&' & 5 +*3 3' 200,. I' 5  1<<! =5353&' ?&=5?  &='-3? M'=& R?/53&' &> (MR)! 3? 5 ?/3'> 35+ &@ &. T& &' 35 35+ =&>! =5353&' &? 5 5? =4&+ ' 5553* ?/'?' = &'+3+53'> & 100 & 53 ;+3 &'54 +4 & *  & +*3! 3' ??353&' 5& 53 53'5 ;'35+! 3 '5354?. F& 5&+ &  '&5 K/433? 5& 5 53'5 ;'35+! 5  &? +=53&' & ?/'?' =@> & 200 & 53 ;+3 &'54 +4 & *  &  +*3. B *35/ & 5 MR! 5 +=&'?'5+ =&+353&' + 3'4/?? 3' 5&+ ?4? + ?/'?'5. A555? ; 5 +=53&' = &? ; 5 &='! 5 +=&'?'5 =++? 3+ &'&35 5& 3+ 3'4/+3&' 3' 5 MR. I' 53 3'5-&3 M&'?/ ?5? A=34 21! 200,! 5 +=&'?'5 ?4? 55  + '& &;53&' 5& ;3'> 3'4/?? 3' 5 ?/'?' =&> & LDT. A5 *3'> +3>'33? 3+ 3'5'53&' '? 5 ==&*4 5& ; 3+ +/=3& &3+! 5 +=&'?'5+ ' + 3'4/?? 3' 5 43+5 &  ?/'?'5 =4&+ & 55 =3&? '?  N&53 & S=53&' D/ 5& R?/'?' + +/;355? 5& 5 D=5'5 & L;& '? E=4&'5 &' A=34 2! 200,. H + 5' ? 5& +3>'  ?? ?'&3'5? +  R3=5! R4+ '? $/3543 & 3+ +*' & =4&'5! 5/+ *34? & 5 &? =+&''4 ?/53&' =&>. T5! LDT =&?? 5& &=/5 5 +=&'?'5+ ?/'?'+=53&'  ;'35+. T5! LDT =&?? 5& &=/5 5 +=&'?'5+ ?/'?'+=53&' ;'35+. S3' 3+ 4'>5 & +*3 + 7 +! 11 &'5+ '? 1 ?+! 3 + &/'?? 5&  +! 5 +=&'?'5 + '&5 K/433? & 53'5 = 3 K/3? ' =4& 5& * &@? & 5 4+5 1 +. T +=&'?'5 + '&'54++ '5354? 5& 200 & 3+ ;+3 &'54 +4 & *  & +*3  ;  & ?/'?' = & K/3*4'5 5& 2"0!000.00. I' ??353&'!  + 4+& '5354? 5& &5 ;'35+  + '? & 5 + =3& 5&! '? ?/3'> 5  & 3+ 5/4 +=53&'! 3..! 2002 '? 200, +3@ 4*  ;'35+! 2002 '? 200, *53&' 4* '? *53&' 4* =3/ ;'35+! 4&'>*35 =! 3?- ;&'/+! 1,5 &'5 = '? C3+5+ ;&'/+! 44 3' 5 +/ & 27!02.,7. T/+! 3+ >>>5 ?/'?' = =4/+ &5 '? ;'35+ &/'5? 5& 267! 02.,7. H&*! 5 +=&'?'5 ? &/5+5'?3'> 43;34353+ 3+3'> & *3&/+ 4&'  &;53'? & ?3'5 '5353+. T/+! LDT ??/5? 5 +3? &/'5 & 5 ='5 55 5 +=&'?'5 + +/==&+? 5& 3* + 3+ ?/'?' =. A+  +/45! ' 5 +=&'?'5 + ? 5& +3>' 5 R3=5! R4+ '? $/3543! 35 +&? 55 3+ 5@ & = + 3' 5 &/'5 & & =+&+. T3+ =&=5? 5 +=&'?'5 5& 55 3+ *34'5 &  5 +=53&' = =@> &? 5& 3 5&/>  455 ??++? 5& 5 &=' ?5? M ! 200,. D+=35 +3? 553&'! &*! 5 +=&'?'5 + '& 4&'> 44&? 5& =&5 & &@.

Iss2e  W5 & '&5 5 =5353&'+ ' *43?4 ??/5 5 +=&'?'5+ &/5+5'?3'> 4&' &;43>53&' & 3+ ?/'?' =.

Hel, N&. I5 3+ 4 3' A534 11, & 5 L;& C&? 55 '& =4&! 3' 3+ &' ;4 & 3' ;4 & '  =+&'! +44 @ ' ??/53&' & 5 >+ & 3+ =4&+! =5 3' ++  5 =4& 3+ /5&3? ; 4 & >/453&'+ 3++/? ; 5 S5 & L;& '? E=4&'5! &'> &5+. T O'3;/+ R/4+ I=4'53'> 5 L;& C&?! '34! =&*3?+ 55 ??/53&'+ & 5 >+ & 5 =4&+  ; ? ; 5 =4& ' +/ ??/53&'+  /5&3? ; 4! & ' 5 ??/53&'+  35 5 355' /5&353&' & 5 =4&+ ='5 5&  53? =+&'. T/+! ' 35&4?3'> & ' =4&+ >+ ; ' =4&  &'4 ; 44&? 3' 5 & & > ??/53&'+ /'? 5 3/+5'+ =&*3?? 3' A534 11,& 5 L;& C&?! + 44 + 5 O'3;/+ R/4+

Page96of153 3=4'53'> 35. F/5! A534 116 & 5 L;& C&? 44 =&*3?+ 55 35 3+ /'4/4 & ' =+&'! ?354 & 3'?354! 5& 35&4? ' &/'5 & 5 >+ &  &@ 35&/5 5 &@+ &'+'5. I' 53+ +! 5 ??/53&'+ ? 5& 5 +=&'?'5+ ?/'?' = ?& '&5 44 /'? ' & 5 3/+5'+ =&*3?? /'? A534 11,! '& + 35 +5;43+? 35 53'5 55 5 +=&'?'5 + &'+'5? 5& 5 +3? ??/53&'+ & 55 5 =5353&'+ ? /5&35 5& @ +/ ??/53&'+. A+ =54 +55? ; 5 CA! 5 55 &/4? * ;' ?3'5 3 5 ??/53&'+  5& 5 +=&'?'5+ &'53;/53&'+ & 3+ ;3'>  ; & SSS! HDMF! & 35&4?3'> 5+ &' 3'&! ;/+ 3 +/ + 5 +! 5 &'53;/53&'+  ??/53&'+ 4? +'53&'? ; 3+53'> 4+. H! 35 3+ *3?'54 =+3? 55 5 +/;5 ??/53&'+ =53' 5& 5 +=&'?'5+ &/5+5'?3'> 4&'+ & *3&/+ '5353+. DSIH F/5&! 5 =5353&'+  '&5 &+5 5 &/5+5'?3'> 4&'+ & 5 +=&'?'5 >3'+5 5 455+ &'5 ;'35+. T &?+ =++4 *4? 55 5 +=&'?'5 + &;53'? *3&/+ 4&'+ & ?3'5 '5353+ '? '&5 35 LDT. A&?3'>4! +5-& & 4>4 &='+53&' ''&5 5@ =4 ;5' LDT '? 5 +=&'?'5 ;/+ 5  '&5 /5/44 ?35& '? ?;5& &  &5. T/+! 5 ' ; '& *43? +5-& ;/+ 5 +=&'?'5+ ?35& 3+ '&5 LDT. T C&/5 /5 >+ 35 5 4;& 53;/'4+ 55 5 =5353&'+ ''&5 &+5 5 &/5+5'?3'>  ;4' & 5 +=&'?'5+ 4&' &;43>53&' 35 3+ ?/'?' = ;/+ 5 ;4' &' 5 4&' ?&+ '&5 & 353' 5 +&= & /3+?353&' & 5 LA. T ?'? & ='5 & 5 +3? 4&'+ 3+ '&5  4;&! ;/5  3*34 ?3+=/5. I5 3'*&4*+ ?;5&-?35& 453&'+! 5 5' =4&-=4& 453&'+. E*3?'54! 5 +=&'?'5+ /'=3? ;4' &' 3+ 4&'+ ''&5 ; &+5 >3'+5 5 ?/'?' = ?/ 5& 3. I' 3'! 5 C&/5 /4+ 55 LDT + '& 4>4 3>5 5& 35&4? 5 +=&'?'5+ ?/'?' = '? &5 ;'35+ 5& &='+ & 3+ &/5+5'?3'> 4&' &;43>53&'+ 5& ?3'5 '5353+. T +=&'?'5+ '5354'5 5& 3+ ?/'?' = 3+ '?5? ; 4 3 5 =5353&'+ ''&5 /'/+54 ?'.

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Milan e- al.1 *s. NLRC GR N(. 3&3@%1 Fe8r2ar9 41 3&%< Fac-s A+ S&43? M344+ =4&+! =5353&'+ '? 53 343+  44&? 5& &/= SMI V344>!   =&=5 &'? ; S&43? M344+ (SM). A&?3'> 5& SM! 53+ + &/5 & 43;435 '? & 5 &'*'3' &  35+ =4&+X '? &' 5 &'?353&' 55 5 =4&+X &/4? *5 5 =3++ '53 5 C&=' ?+ 35. I' S=5; 200,! =5353&'+  3'&? 55 53* O5&; 10! 200,! SM &/4? + 35+ &=53&'+ ?/ 5& +3&/+ ;/+3'++ 4&+++. NAFLU (=+'553* & 5 =5353&'+) &>'3? SM+ 4&+/ ?/ 5& +3&/+ ;/+3'++ 4&+++ 3' 5 &'?/ & >'5 (MOA( ?5? S=5. 1! 200,. T MOA  =&*3?? & SM+ >'5 & +=53&' = 4++ &/'5;34353+! /? +3@ 4* ;'35+! *53&' 4*  ;'35+! '? 1,5 &'5 = 5& 5 =4&+. SM 34? 35+ 53'53&' &' S=5. 2! 200,. L5! SM +'5 5& =5353&'+ 3'?3*3?/4 '&53+ 5& *5 SMI V344>. 5353&'+  '& 4&'> 44&? 5& =&5 & &@ ; O5. 10! 200,. T  K/3? 5& +3>'  MOA 35 4+ '? K/3543 ;& 53 *53&' '? +3@ 4* ;'35+! 1,5 &'5 =! '? +=53&' = &/4? 4+?. E=4&+ & +3>'? 5 MOA  &'+3?? 5& * >? 5& *5 SMI V344>! '? 5& 5 ?&4353&' & 5 &'+5/5? &/++ 3'+3? +  &'?353&' & 5 4+ & 53  53'53&' ;'35+ '? +=53&' =. 5353&'+ /+? 5& +3>' 5 ?&/'5+ '? ?'?? 5& ; =3? 53 ;'35+ '? +=53&' =. H'! =5353&'+ 34? &=43'5+ ;& 5 L;& A;35 & 44>? '&'-='5 & +=53&' =! /? +3@ '? *53&' 4*+! '? 1,5 &'5 =. T >/? 55 53  /? ;'35+ '? +=53&' = +&/4? '&5 ; 354? ;/+ 53 ='5 3+ ;+? &' &='  =&43 '? =53. M&&*! 5 1,5 &'5 = 3+ ;+? &' 4. T3 =&++++3&' & SM =&=5 3+ '&5 ' &/'5;3435 55 3+ +/;5 5& 4' =&?/+. T ? 4? 5/'? &* 5& SM 53 /'3&+ '? K/3='5 ' SM +? &=53&'+. O' 5 &5 '?! SM >/ 55 =5353&'+ &=43'5 +  =5/ ;/+ 5 ? '&5 *5? 35+ =&=5.

Iss2e 1) W5 & '&5 5 NLRC C&3++3&' + /3+?353&' 5& ?53' ' 3++/ 45? 5& 3>5+ &  43+ 3+3'> & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. 2) W5 & '&5 SM 3+ =&3;35? & 35&4?3'> >+ '? 433'53&' & ?33'/53&' & ;'35+ & =4&+.

Hel, ,.

Y+. A534 217 =&*3?+ 55 5 L;& A;35! 3' 3+ &  &3>3'4 /3+?353&'! '? 5 NLRC! 3' 35+ ==445 /3+?353&'!  ?53' 3++/+ 3'*&4*3'> 43+ 3+3'> & =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. ". N&. A+  >'4 /4! =4&+  =&3;35? & 35&4?3'> >+ & =4&+. T L;&  C&? 4+& =&3;35+ 5 433'53&' & ?33'/53&' & ;'35+. H&*! &/ 4 +/==&5+ 5 =4&+ 3'+535/53&' & 4' =&?/ ;& 5 4+ & >+. A+ ' =53&' 5& 5 >'4 /4 55 >+  '&5 ; 354? '? ;'35+  '&5 ; ?33'3+?. T C3*34 C&? =&*3?+ 55 5 =4& 3+ /5&3? 5& 35&4? >+ & ?;5+ ?/. I5  ; 5/ 55 '&5 44 =4&+ '&? 5 =3*34> & +53'> 3' +=&'?'5 SM =&=5. H&*! 53+ 4&' ?&+ '&5 3=4 53+ =3*34> ' '&? + '&5  +/45 & 5 =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. T&+ & ?3? *34 & 5  =3*34>  =4&+ & SM. 5353&'+ =&++++3&' +&/4?! 5&! ; 3'4/?? 3' 5 5 &/'5;3435. A&/'5;3435 '+ &;43>53&' & ?;5. A&/'5;34353+ & =4&+  =+&'4. T '? '&5 ; /'3& &'> 44 =4&+ 3' &? 5& ; 3'4/?? 3' &/'5;34353+ 3'/? ; *35/ & ' =4&-=4& 453&'+3=. W35&4?3'> & ='5 ; 5 =4& ?&+ '&5 ' 55 5 =4&  *'> &' 35+ &;43>53&' 5& = =4&+ 53 >+! 53'53&' ='5+! '? ?/ ;'35+. T =4&+ ;'35+  4+& '&5 ;3'> ?/?. I5 3+ &'4 +/;5? 5& 5 &'?353&' 55 5 =4&+ 5/' =&=53+ =&=4 ;4&'>3'> 5& 5 =4&. T3+ 3+ &'4 &'+3+5'5 35 5 K/35;4 =3'3=4 55 '& &' +44 ; /'/+54 '3? & ;'35? 5 5 ='+ & '&5. F& 5+ +&'+! 5 SC ''&5 &4? 55 =5353&'+  '5354? 5& 3'5+5 & 53  354? +=53&' ;'35+. T+ ;'35+  =&=4 354? ; SM ;/+ & 53 /+4 5& 5/' 35+ =&=5.

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Pa95en- (: !aes C(ns(n *s. NLRC 34" SCRA 3@& =%<> Fac-s 5353&' 3+ 5 >3+5? &' & S&/5' F3+3'> I'?/+5. 3*5 +=&'?'5+  3? &' *3&/+ ?5+ ; =5353&' + >/4 =3-5 &@+. T  /'3&4 =3? 5  5 & 1.00 =  5/' 3>3'> 535 (,0) 5& 3>5 (0) @34&+ = &*'5! 55 3+! & 5 3+3'> ;&5+ ?&' 5&  =5353&'+ +5&> =4'5 5  4&?/'4&? 4 & &@ /'534 5 5/' 5 ? 35+ 3'4 +3='5?+53'53&'. T ?3? 5 &@ & /'4&?3'> 5/' & 3+3'> ;&5+ 5& 5/@ /4+ /'4&?3'> 5 >3' 5 =5353&'+ &4? +5&> =4'5 & 343'>! +5&3'>! 4'3'>! '? 3'5'' '? 3'44 4&?3'> 5 =&++? 5/' & +3='5. T &@? +*' (7) ?+  @. D/3'> 5 3+5 @ &  #/' 1<<0! =5353&' '&533? 3+ &@+ & 3+ =&=&+4 5& ?/ 5 5-=-5/' &*'5 ?/ 5& 5 +35 & 5/'. 3*5 +=&'?'5+ +3+5? =5353&'+ =&=&+? 5 ?/53&'. W' 5 =&5? & &@ 5 '5 ?! 5  3'&? 55 5 ? ;' =4? ;  ' +5 & &@+! W' 5 K/+5? &  ?34&>/ 35 5 '>'5! 5  3'+5/5? 5& 35 & /5 '&53. T 35? & 5 '&53 & ?34&>/ &  /44 @ ;/5 3' *3'.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 5/' 43* '? 3'5+53'+ +=&'?'5+  '5354? 5& 53* +&/4? ; &'+3?? + &3'>  +/;+5'534 =5 & +=&'?'5+ 5&54 >+.

Hel,  N>53* T L;& C&? =++4 =&*3?+:

Ar-icle %&3. F(r5s (: Pa95en-..  N&. =4& +44 = 5 >+ & ' =4& ; '+ &!  =&3++& '&5+! *&/+! &/=&'+! 5&@'+ 53@5+! 35+! & ' &;5 &5 5' 4>4 5'?! *' ' =++4 K/+5? ; 5 =4&.'5 & >+ ; @ & &' &? +44 ; 44&? ' +/ '' & ='5 3+ /+5& &' 5 ?5 & 53*35 & 53+ C&?! & 3+ '++ + +=33? 3' ==&=35 >/453&'+ 5& ; 3++/? ; 5 S5 & L;& & + +53=/45? 3'  &4453*  ;>3'3'> >'5. U'?&/;5?4! =5353&'+ =53 & =3'> 5 =3*5 +=&'?'5+ 5 3'3/ > ; '+ &  4>4 5'? &;3'? 35 5/' 43* '? 3'5+53'+ /'+ &/'5 5& 5 ;&* 35? =&*3+3&' & 5 L;& C&?. T 5 55 +3? 5&? & =3'> 5 3'3/ > + '&5 &'4 >? /=&' ; ;&5  =53+ 3' 5 =4&'5 >'5 ;/5 *' =++4 K/+5? ; =3*5 +=&'?'5+! ?&+ '&5 +34? =5353&'. A534 102 & 5 L;& C&? 3+ 4. W>+ +44 ; =3? &'4 ; '+ & 4>4 5'?. T &'4 3'+5' ' ' =4& 3+ =355? 5& = >+ 3'&+ &5 5' 4>4 5'?! 55 3+! ; @+ & &' &?! 3+ ' 5 3/+5'+ =+3;? 3' 5 +&'? =>= &  A534 102  =+'5.

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N(r-6 Da*a( Minin *s. NLRC 3<4 SCRA 03% =%@> Fac-s 5353&' + 3'&=&5? 3' 1<7" +  100 =3*54-&'? &='. L5! 5 343==3'  N53&'4 B'@ (NB) ; =5 &' 5& +  +/45 &  &'*+3&' 3'5& K/35 &  =&53&' &  4&'+ &;53'? ; N&5 D*& & +3? ;'@. O' #/' ,0! 1<6! NB 5'+? 44 35+ 4&'+ 5& '? K/35 3' N&5 D*& 3' *& & 5 '53&'4 >&*''5 3! ; *35/ & &453&' N&. 0 ?5? D; ! 1<6! 45 5/'? 5 &* 5& =5353&' A++5 3*5353&' T/+5 (AT). A+ &  D; ,1! 1<<0 5 '53&'4 >&*''5 &4? 1. & 5 &&' +5&@ '? 100 & 5 =? +5&@ & +3? &='. R+=&'?'5 W34?& W34?& G/344 3+ &' &'> +*4 =4&+ & N&5 D*& &  +=5?  ; +&' & 5 &='+ 4&+/ &' M ,1! 1<<2! '? &  5 &=43''5+ 3' 5 ++ ;& ;& 5 +=&'?'5 4;& ;35. O' M ,1! 1<<2! =5353&' =5353&' &=454 &=454 +? +? &=53&'+ &=53&'+ ?/ 5& +3&/+ +3&/+ ;/+3'++ ;/+3'++ *++. *++. F& 1< 1< /'534 /'534 35+ 35+ 4&+ 4&+/ / 3' 1<<2 1<<2!! N&5 N&5 D* D*&& +/ +/ ? ? '5 '5 4&++ 4&+++ + * *> >3' 3'>> 5 5 ;344 ;3443& 3&'' =+& =+&++ (,!000!000!000.00) = ! &  & 5 3* + =3& 5& 35+ 4&+/. A44 5&4?! + & D; ,1! 1<<1! & 3* &'5+ =3& 5& 35+ 4&+/! 35+ 5&54 43;34353+ ? ?? 35+ ++5+ ; 20!,<2 ;3443&'  =+&+! + +&' ; 35+ 3''34 +55'5+ /?35? ; 5 C&3++3&' &' A/?35. W' 35 +? &=53&'+! 35+ 3'3'> =4&+  +=5? '? >3*' 5 K/3*4'5 & 12. ?+ = & *  & +*3! &=/5? &' 53 ;+3 &'54 =! 3' ??353&' 5& 5 &/553&' 5& + & 53  /'/+? *53&' '? +3@ 4*+. H&*! 35 ==+ 55! ?/3'> 5 43 & 5 =5353&' &=&53&'! & 5 ;>3''3'> & 35+ &=53&'+ 3' 1<1 /'534 35+ 4&+/ 3' 1<<2! 35 ? ;' >3*3'> +=53&' = K/3*4'5 5& 535 (,0) ?+ = & *  & +*3. M&&*! 3'+/ + 5 >3&'   N&5 D*& &=5? + =4>/? ; 3'+/>' '? &5 = '? &? =&;4+! 5 =4&+ ? 5& &445 53 +43+ 5  ;'@ 3' T>/! D*& ?4 N&5! +&  @34&5+ & 53  &@=4 '? ;&/5 2 12 &/+ 5*4 53 ; =/;43 5'+=&553&' 53+ '>'5 4+5? & 1<1 /= 5& 1<<0. S/;+K/'54! S/;+K/'54!  &=43'5 + 34? 35 3 5 +=&'?'5 L;& A;35 ; +=&'?'5 W34?& G/344 '? 271 &5 +=5? =4&+ &: (1) ??353&'4 +=53&' = & 17. ?+ & *  &  +*3 (2) ;@ >+ K/3*4'5 5& 5& ?+  &'5 (,) 5'+=&553&' 44&' (") ? = () &/+3'> 44&' (6) &&? 44&' (7) =&+5-=4&'5 ?34 4' '? () /5/ ?34 44&'! 44 & 3 &/'5? 5& !022!7.,1 + &=/5? ; =3*5 +=&'?'5.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 ' =4& &+ ;/+3'++ &=53&'+ +? ?/ 5& +3&/+ ;/+3'++ 4&+++ *++ 3+ &;43>? 5& = +=53&' = =  5& 35+ =4&+ +=5? ; +&' & +/ 4&+/. W5 & '&5 53 +='5 3' &4453'> >+ 3'  =4 &5 5' 5 =4 & =4&'5 3+ &='+;4 '&535+5'?3'> 55 5 + 3+ ?&' ?/3'> &334 53. W5 & '&5 =3*5 +=&'?'5+  '5354? 5& 5'+=&553&' ='++ 3' 5 ;+' & *3?' 55 5+ ='++  3'/?.

Hel, I. N>53*

Ar-. 3/" (: -6e La8(r C(,e1 ?6ic6 rea,s as :(ll(?s A5. 2,. C4&+/ & +5;43+'5 '? ?/53&' & =+&''4. T =4&  4+& 53'5 5 =4&'5 & ' =4& ?/ 5& 5 3'+54453&' & 4;& +*3'> ?*3+! ?/'?'! 5''5 5& =*'5 4&+++ & 5 4&+3'> & ++53&' & &=53&' & 5 +5;43+'5 & /'?5@3'> /'4++ 5

Page100of153 4&+3'> 3+ & 5 =/=&+ & 3/*'53'> 5 =&*3+3&'+ & 53+ T354! ; +*3'>  355' 355 ' '&53 &' 5 &@+ '? 5 M3'3+5 & L;& '? E=4&'5 5 4+5 &' (1) &'5 ;& 5 3'5'?? ?5 5&. I' + & 53'53&' ?/ 5& 5 3'+54453&' & 4;& +*3'> ?*3+ & ?/'?'! 5 &@  5? 5; +44 ; '5354? 5&  +=53&' = K/3*4'5 5& 5 4+5 3+ &' (1) &'5 = & 5& 5 4+5 &' (1) &'5 = & *  & +*3! 3* 3+ 3>. I' + & 5''5 5& =*'5 4&+++ '? 3' ++ & 4&+/+ & ++53&' & &=53&'+ & +5;43+'5 & /'?5@3'> '&5 ?/ 5& +3&/+ ;/+3'++ 4&+++ & 3''34 *++! 5 +=53&' = +44 ; K/3*4'5 5& &' (1) &'5 = & 5 4+5 &'-4 (12) &'5 = & *  & +*3! 3* 3+ 3>. A 53&' & 5 4+5 +3 (6) &'5+ +44 ; &'+3?? &' (1) &4 . T /'?+&? =&53&' & A5. 2, >&*'+ 5 >'5 & +=53&' ;'35+ 3' + & 4&+/+ &  ++53&' & &=53&' & ;/+3'++ +5;43+'5+ NOT ?/ 5& +3&/+ ;/+3'++ 4&+++ & 3''34 *++. W! &*! 5 4&+/ + ?/ 5& ;/+3'++ 4&+++! + 3' 5 3'+5'5 +! 3' 3 5 >>>5 4&+++ &/'5? 5& &* 20 ;3443&'! 5 L;& C&? ?&+ '&5 3=&+ ' &;43>53&' /=&' 5 =4& 5& = +=53&' ;'35+! & &;*3&/+ +&'+. T 3+ '& '? 5& ;4;& 53+ =&3'5. T &='+ =53 & >3*3'> &' &'5+ = & *  & +*3 &/4? '& 4&'> ; &'53'/? =3+4 ;/+ 5 &=' &/4? '&5 &? 35 '&. I5 + &? 5& 4&+ ?&' &' &/'5 & //45? 4&+++ & &* 20 ;3443&'. I5 >* ,0-?+ +=53&' = 5& 35+ =4&+ ' 35 + +5344  >&3'> &'' *' 3 35 + 4? 4&+3'> *34. A+  >&3'> &''! 35+ + 4& &/4? +5344 * +/+53'? 5 ='5 & +/ +=53&' ;'35+. B/5 '  ;/+3'++ '5=3+ &=454 ++ &=53&'+! 3..! /=&' 35+ ?5 +  >&3'> ;/+3'++ &''! 35+ *354 43;4&&?! 35+ +4&! 43544 ?3+ /=. T&! 5 5 55 4++ +=53&' ;'35+  >'5? ' 5 &=' 3'44 5 35+ ;/+3'++ ?5 ''&5 ; 53? + ?3+33'53&'. S/ 53&' + ?355? '&5 ;  ?3+33'5& '>'5 &=53&' ;/5 ; 35+ &=45 3';3435 5& &'53'/ 35+ ;/+3'++ 43 ?/ 5& //45? 4&+++. I'??! &' ''&5 +K/ ;4&&? &/5 &  ? +5&'. N& 5 &/5 & =? 4'?.

A+ 4? +55?! A5. 2, & 5 L;& C&? ?&+ '&5 &;43>5 ' =4& 5& = +=53&'  ;'35+ ' 5 4&+/ 3+ ?/ 5& 4&+++. I' 5 + ;& /+! 5 ;+3+ & 5 43 & 5 ??353&'4 +=53&' ;'35 & 17. ?+ 3+ 44>? ?3+33'53&'! 3..! /'K/4 55'5 & =4&+! 3 3+  =&+3;? + ' /'3 4;& =53 ; A5. 2" () & +3? C&?. U'? 5 5+ '? 3/+5'+ &  5 =+'5 +! 5 >'5 &  4++ &/'5 & +=53&' = 5& =3*5 +=&'?'5 + ?&'! '&5 ; +&' & ?3+33'53&'! ;/5 5! &/5 & + 3''34 ;'@/=5!  5 55 3+ '&5 &'5&44? ; '>'5 =&>53*+. S55? ?3'54! 5 5&54 ++53&' & &=53&' ?/ 5& 3'?-;&>>43'> 4&+++ +  +/=*'3'> 5 55 =*'5? 5 &=' & &'53'/3'> 5& >'5 5 & >'&/+ &/'5 & +=53&' =. T 5 55 N&5 D*& 5 5 =&3'5 & 35+ &? 4&+/ *&4/'534 =3? ' +=53&' ;'35+ 5 44! 45&/> '&5 K/3? ; 4! '? 12.-?+ &5 5 55! +&/4? * 4335? ?353&' 3'+5? & &'?'53&'. B/5 5& K/3 35 5& &'53'/ ;3'> >'&/+ ' 35 3+ '& 4&'> 3'  =&+353&' 5& ?& +& &/4? 53'4 ; /'?/4 &==++3*! /'3 '? &+5 *&453'> 5& 5 &'+3'. T 4! 3' =&553'> 5 3>5+ & 5 4;&! /5&3+ '35 &==++3&' '& +4-?+5/53&' & 5 =4&. T S&4335& G'4 +5+++ 55 N&5 D*& + &'> 5 ++5+ 5'+? ; NB 5& 5 '53&'4 >&*''5! '? 55 ; *35/ & &453&' N&. 0 ?5? D; ! 1<6! 5 AT + &'+535/5? 5/+5 & 53+ >&*''5 ++5. H 5' &'4/?+ 55 35 &/4?! 5&! ; 3'&'>/&/+ 5& ?4 55 5 N53&'4 G&*''5! 3 +&/4? 4+ ; =+/? 5& ; +&4*'5! &/4? '&5 = '& =3*5 +=&'?'5+ &' 43+. S/ >/'553&' 3+ &=454 3+=4?. E*' 3 5 '53&'4 >&*''5 &'? & &'5&44? 1. & 5 &&' +5&@ '? 100 & 5 =? +5&@  & N&5 N&5 D*&! D*&! 35 3'+ 3'+ &'4  +5&@ +5&@&4? &4?  5& 5&! ! '? /'? /'? 3+53 3+53'> '> 4+ 4+ '? =*343' =*343'>>  /3+=/?'!  +5&@&4? +  /4 3+ '&5 ?354! 3'?3*3?/44 '?& =+&'44 43;4 & 5 3'?;5?'++ & 5 &=&53&'. T &;43>53&' & N&5 D*& ''&5 ; &'+3?? 5 &;43>53&' &  5 '53&'4 >&*''5! '! 5 5 455 ; +&4*'5 & '&5 3+ '&5 534 5& 5 3'+5'5 +. T +=&'?'5+ * '&5 +&' 55 53+ + &'+535/5+ &' & 5 3'+5'+  5 &=&5 *34  ; =3?. F& '&5 '>4! 5 '53&'4 >&*''5 3+ '&5 5 =4& & =3*5 +=&'?'5 '? 3+ &-&=43''5+! +& 5 3+ '& +&' 5& =5 ' @3'? & ;34&/5 ; 5 '53&'4 >&*''5 /'? 3+53'> 4 '? /3+=/?'.

Page101of153 I.

A353*

I5 3+ /'?3+=/5? 55 ;/+ & +/35 +&'+! & 5 53 & 35+ &=53&'+! =5353&' NDMC 3'53'? 35+ =&43 & =3'> 35+ &@+ 5  ;'@ 3' T>/! D*& ?4 N&5! 3 /+/44 5&&@ 5 &@+ ;&/5 5& '?  4 (2 12) &/+ & 5*4 & 5 =4 & &@ '? +/ 5*4 53 3+ '&5 &334. R&?+ 4+& +& 55 &' F;/ 12! 1<<2! ' ' 3'+=53&' + &'?/5? ; 5 D=5'5 & L;& '? E=4&'5 5 5 =3++ & =5353&' NDMC 5 A'! M&! D*& ?4 N&5! 35 + &/'? &/5 55 =5353&'+ ? *3&45? 4;& +5'??+ 4! &' & 3 3+ 5 =4 & ='5 &  >+. S53&' "! R/4 VIII! B&&@ III & 5 5  O'3;/+ R/4+ I=4'53'> 5 L;& C&? =&*3?+ 55: S. ". 4 & ='5. () A+  >'4 /4! 5 =4 & ='5 +44 ; 5 & ' 5 =4 &  /'?5@3'>. '5 3'  =4 &5 5' 5 &@=4 +44 ; =3++3;4 &'4 /'? 5 &44&3'> 3/+5'+: (1) W' ='5 ''&5 ; 5? 5 & ' 5 =4 & &@ ; +&' & 5 ?53&53&' & = '? &? &'?353&'+! & ; +&' & 5/4 & 3='?3'> >'3+ /+? ; 3! 4&&?! =3?3 &  &5 435 '?3'> ='5 55 3=&++3;4 (2) W' 5 =4& =&*3?+  5'+=&553&' 5& 5 =4&+ ;@ '? &5 '? (,) U'? ' '4&>&/+ 3/+5'+ =&*3?? 55 5 53 +='5 ; 5 =4&+ 3' &4453'> 53  >+ +44 ; &'+3?? + &='+;4 &/+ &@?. T/+! 5 &/+ +='5 ; &=43''5+ 3' &4453'> +43+ 5  ;'@ 3' T>/! D*& ?4 N&5 +44  ; &'+3?? &='+;4 &/+ &@?. C&'+3?3'> /5 5 ?3+5' ;5' A'! M& 5& T>/ 3 3+ 2 12 &/+ ; 5*4 '? 5 3+@+ 3' &/53'> 44 5 53 3' &4453'> &=43''5+ +43+! &/4? /+53 5 >'53'> & ;@>+ K/3*4'5 5& 5& (2) ?+ ? + 3'  &'5 + =? = ? &. II .

A353*

O' 5 &'5! 35 344 ; =5353&'+ ;/?' & ?/5 ?/5  5& =+'5 *3?' & &=43' & 5 4 &' 4;& +5'??+! 5 5' & =3*5 +=&'?'5+ 5& =&* 55 5  '&5 =3?=&*3?? ;  =5353&'+ & 53 ;@>+ '? 5'+=&553&' 5'+=&553&' ='++.

C&&44 5& 5 ;&* 3'?3'>+! '? & K/35;4 +&'+!  43@3+ &4? +=&'?'5+ 43;4 &  5 5'+=&553&' ='++ 3'/? ; &=43''5+ 5 "0.00 &/'? 53=  ?/3'> = ?+.

Page102of153

Heirs (: Sara Lee *s. Re9 GR N(. %4&%"1 A22s- "%1 3&&@ Fac-s 5353&' S L 3+ '>>? 3' 5 ?35 +443'> &  *35 & =&?/5 43'+ & ' '? '? &'. 5353&' '>>+ 35 ?4+ 5& +44 53 '?3++! 44? + I'?='?'5 B/+3'++ M'>+! ?='?3'> &' 5 5 +44 3'?3*3?/44 & 5&/> 53 &' >&/=+. R+=&'?'5 4? 5  =&+353&' & C?35 A?3'3+553&' S/=*3+&. T+ ?4+ /+5 35 5& 5 =5353&' 5 =&?+ &  53 +4+ 353' , ?+ & 2 ?+. S&53! 35 + 44>? 55 + 44>?4 3'+5/5? 5 A&/'5+ R3*;4 C4@ 5& '> 5 ?35 5 & &' & +*4 IBM+ & 2-? 4335 5&  5 & 60 ?+. A+  &'+K/' & 5 44>? '&4&/+ =53! +=&'?'5 + ?3+3++? & ; & 5/+5 '? &'3?'.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 +=&'?'5 + ?3+3++? &  /+5 /+.

Hel, Y+. T 4 + &>'3? 5 3>5 & =4&+ 5& ?3+3++ 5 =4&+ ; +&' & 4&++ &  5/+5 '? &'3?'. T 55'5 & '>34 =4&+ & '@-'?-34 =+&''4 3' 5 ==4353&' & 5 ?&53' & 4&++ & 5/+5 '? &'3?' &* /+5 ; ?3+53'>/3+?. W35 +=5 5& '@-'?-34 =+&''4! 4&++ & 5/+5 '? &'3?' +  >&/'? & *43? ?3+3++4 K/3+ =&& &  3'*&4*'5 3' 5 44>? *'5+ '? /+53&'+. B/5 + 5& '>34 =4&+! 5  3+5' &  ;+3+ & ;43*3'> 55 +/ =4& + ;? 5 5/+5 & 3+ =4& &/4? +/3 & 3+ ?3+3++4. H'! =&& ;&'? +&';4 ?&/;5 3+ '&5 K/3?. I' 5 3'+5'5 +! +=&'?'5 3+ '&5  /+5 ' &?3' '@-'?-34 =4&. H =&+353&' 3'*&4*+  3> ?> & +=&'+3;3435 K/33'> 5/+5 '? &'3?'. H'!  &'53'/' 3' 5 +'+353* =&+353&' &/4? ; 3'334 5& 5 3'5+5+ & 5 =5353&'.

Page103of153

C(n,i-i(ns (: E5pl(95enSan '2an De Di(s H(spi-al *s. NLRC 3/3 SCRA "%@1 %0 Fac-s 5353&'+ K/+5? +=&'?'5 5&/>  "-=> 455 K/+53'> & 5 3=4'553&' '?  ='5 ; +=&'?'5 & "0 HOURS-DAY WORWEE 35 &='+;4 2 ?+ & =&*3?? &   ; 5 RA <01 '? 433? ; 5 S5 & L;&+ &43 I'+5/53&'+. B/+ & 5 &+=354+ 34/ 5& >3*  *&;4 +=&'+! =5353&' 34?  &=43'5.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 &43 I'+5/53&'+ N&. " 3++/? ; 5' L;& S5 D34&' 3+ *43? & '&5.

Hel,  N&. T &43 I'+5/53&' N&. " 43+ &' RA <01. S/ &* 3+ 3+=4? & 5 +3? +55/5 + ;' =4? ; 5 =++> & 5 L;& C&?. A&?3'>4! &'4 A534 , & 5 L;& C&?  +/==&5 5 &43 I'+5/53&'+ &' 3 +/  ; >/>?. A /+& ?3'> & 5 A534 , & 5 L;& C&? ;5+ 5 =&+353&' 55 &+=354 =4&+  '5354? 5&  /44 @4 +4 35 =3? 5& ?+ & 3 5 * &=45? 5 "0-&/-? &@@. W5 A534 , =&*3?+ : >/4 &3 &/+ & 3>5 &/+  ?! 3* ?+ = @  & 45 =+&''4 '? &' 5 6 5 ?! +/ +44 ; '5354? 5& ' ??353&'4 &='+53&' & 5 4+5 ,0. T 3+ '&53'> 3' 5 4 3 +/==&5+ 5 S5+ ++53&' 55 ' 5 * &=45? 5 "0-&/-? &@@. H' 5 S5 ?? 3+ /5&35 ; 3'4/?3'>  5& ?+ &  35 = 3' &'5*'53&' & 5 4 '?5 & 5 +55/5.

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Si5er,ar89 *s. NLRC 3/ SCRA /@1 %/ Fac-s S3 D; 343=3'+! I'.! =5353&'! 3+ '>>? 3' 5 '/5/ & /5&&53* 53+! 5/;+ '? &5 /;; =&?/5+. S3 D; S43? E=4&+ A++&353&' (ALU-TUC)! =3*5 +=&'?'5! 3+ ' ++&353&' & &'54 +43? =4&+ & =5353&' 5 35+ M3@3' 5&. 3& 5& 5 =+'5 &'5&*+! 44 &=' 5& &@+ 3' M3@3' 3'4/?3'> ;+ & =3*5 +=&'?'5 /'3&' &@? & 7:" .. 5& ,:" =.. 35  ,0-3'/5 =3? &' 44 4/' ;@. O' 1" A/>/+5 1<<2 =5353&' 3++/?  &'?/ 5& 44 5&-;+? =4&+ ?*3+3'> 44 35+ &'54 +43? =4&+ 3' 35+ M3@3' T3 4'5! =5 5&+ 3' 5 W&/+ '? $/435 A++/' D=5'5 &@3'> &' +35+!  '> 3' &@ +?/4 53* 1" S=5; 1<<2. S3' =3*5 +=&'?'5 45 5? ?*+4 ; 5 '> 3' 5 &@ +?/4 '? ?3+&'53'/' & 5 ,0-3'/5 =3? &' 44 4/' ;@! 35 34? &' ;4 & 35+ ;+  &=43'5 35 5 L;& A;35 & /'3 4;& =53! ?3+33'53&' '? *+3&' & 43;3435. H&*! 5 L;& A;35 ?3+3++? 5 &=43'5. 3*5 +=&'?'5 ==4? 5& +=&'?'5  N53&'4 L;& R453&'+ C&3++3&' (NLRC) 3 +/+53'? 5 L;& A;35 '? ?3+3++? 5 ==4. " H&*! /=&' &53&' & &'+3?53&' ; =3*5 +=&'?'5! 5 NLRC! 53+ 53 35 5& (2) ' &3++3&'+ =43'> 5&+ & 43 53?! *+? 35+ 43 ?3+3&' & 20 A=34 1<<" + 44 + 5 ?3+3&' & 5 L;& A;35.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 5 & '>'5 3' *3+3'> 5 &@ +?/4 & 35+ =4&+ '? ?3+?3'> 53 =3? 4/' ;@ &'+535/53* & /'3 4;& =53.

Hel,  N&. T 3>5 5& 3 5 &@ +?/4+ & 5 =4&+ +5+ =3'3=44 &' 53 =4&. I' 5 3'+5'5 + =5353&'! + 5 =4&! 35+ + +&' & 5 ?/+5'5 5 33'5 &'?/5 & 35+  ;/+3'++ &=53&'+ '? 35+ 3=&*? =&?/53&'. I5 53&'43+ 55 34 5 &4? &@ +?/4 3'4/??  ,0-3'/5 =3? 4/' ;@! 5 =4&+ &/4? ; 44? /=&' 5& ?& &;+ ?/3'> 55 =3&? + 5  &' 44. E*' 3 ?'&3'5? + 4/' ;@! 53+ =3&? &/4? * 44 ; &'+3?? + &@3'> 53 ;/+ 5 5& =4&+  K/3? 5& &@ 3 '++ '?  =3? &?3'>4 & &@3'>. W35 5 ' &@ +?/4! 5 =4&+  '& >3*'  &'-&/ 4/'  ;@ 35&/5 ' 3'5/=53&' & 53 =4&. F&  /44 &'-&/ /'?3+5/;? 4/' ;@! 5 =4&+ ' 4 '? 53*4 /+ 53+ &/ '&5 &'4 & 53'> ;/5 4+& & 53 +5 '? &&5 3  &'?/3* 5& & 33' '? ;55 =&' 3' 53 &@. S3' 5 =4&+  '& 4&'> K/3? 5& &@ ?/3'> 53+ &'-&/ 4/' ;@! 5 3+ '& & '? & 5 5& ; &='+5? & 53+ =3&?. W > 35 5 L;& A;35 55 5 ' &@ +?/4 /44 &=43+ 35 5 ?34 &@ =3&? & 3>5 () &/+ 35&/5 *3&453'> 5 L;& C&?. B+3?+! 5 ' +?/4 ==43+ 5& 44 =4&+ 3' 5 5& +3344 +35/5? 5 5  /'3&' ;+ &  '&5. T '> 5? ; '>'5 35 >? 5& &@3'> 53 3+ ? 5& ==4 5& 44 5& =4&+ '>>? 3' 5 + 43' & &@ 5 & '&5 5  ;+ & =3*5 +=&'?'5 /'3&'. H'! 35 ''&5 ; +3? 55 5 ' + ?&=5? ; '>'5 =/?3+ 5 3>5 &   =3*5 +=&'?'5 5& +4-&>'353&'. E* ;/+3'++ '5=3+ '?*&+ 5& 3'+ 35+ =&35+. I' 5 =&++! 35  ?*3+ '+ 5& 553' 55 >&4. E*' + 5 4 3+ +&4335&/+ & 5 4 & 5 =4&+! 35 /+5 4+& =&55 5 3>5 & ' =4& 5& 3+ 5  44 '>'5 =&>53*+. T/+! '>'5 3+  5& >/45! &?3'> 5& 35+ &' ?3+53&' '? /?>'5! 44 +=5+ & =4&'5! 3'4/?3'> 33'>!

Page105of153 &@ ++3>''5+! &@3'> 5&?+! 53! =4 '? '' & &@! =&+++ 5& ; &44&?! +/=*3+3&' & &@+! &@3'> >/453&'+! 5'+ & =4&+! &@ +/=*3+3&'! 4 & & &@+ '? ?3+3=43'! ?3+3++4 '? 44 & &@+. F/5! '>'5 53'+ 5 =&>53*! '*  3>'3+ & 5 +*3 +& K/3! 5& '> 5 &@3'> &/+ & 35+ =4&+. S& 4&'> + +/  =&>53* 3+ 3+? 3' >&&? 35 & 5 ?*''5 & 5 =4&+ 3'5+5 '? '&5 & 5  =/=&+ & ?53'> & 3/*'53'> 5 3>5+ & 5 =4&+ /'? +=34 4+ & /'? *43? >'5+! 53+ C&/5 344 /=&4? +/ 3+. W34 5 C&'+535/53&' 3+ &355? 5& 5 =&43 & +&34 /+53 '? 5 =&553&' & 5 &@3'> 4++! 35 +&/4? '&5 ; +/==&+? 55 * ?3+=/5 344 ; /5&5344 ?3?? 3' *& & 4;&. M'>'5 4+& + 3>5+ 3! + +/!  '5354? 5& +=5 '? '&'5 3' 5 3'5+5 &  +3=4 3 =4. A45&/> 53+ C&/5 + 3'43'? & &5' 5' '&5 5&? 5 &@ '? + /=4? 3+ /+ 3' 3+ &'435+ 35 5 =4&! +/ *&353+ + '&5 ;43'?? 5 C&/5 5& 5 /4 55  /+53 3+ 3' * + & 5 ?+*3'>! 5& ; ?3+='+? 3' 5 43>5 & 5 +5;43+? 5+ '? 5 ==43;4 4 '? ?&53'.

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P6ilippines Airlines *s. NLRC "&3 SCRA 5 +/>&' 5 =5353&' &='. H + ++3>'? 5 5 AL M?34 C43'3 5 N3&4+ '? + &' ?/5 & ":00 3' 5 5'&&' /'534 12:00 3?'3>5. O' F;/ 17! 1<<"! 5 &/'? 7:00 3' 5 *'3'>! =3*5 +=&'?'5 45 5 43'3 5& * 3+ ?3''  5 3+ +3?'! 3 + ;&/5 3*-3'/5 ?3* . A  3'/5+ 45! 5 43'3 3*? ' >' 44 & 5 AL C>& S*3+. O' & 35+ =4&+! M. M'/4 A&+5! ? +/?  5 55@. T '/+ &' ?/5! M. M43'& E/+;3&! 44? =3*5 +=&'?'5 5 & 5& 3'& 3 & 5 >'. T =53'5 3*? 5 5 43'3 5 7:0 3' 5 *'3'> '? M. E/+;3& 3?354 /+? 3 5& 5 &+=354. W' =3*5 +=&'?'5 ? 5 43'3 5 &/'? 7:1 3' 5 *'3'>! M. E/+;3& ? 4? 45 35 5 =53'5. M. A&+5 ?3? 5 &44&3'> ?. U=&' 4'3'> ;&/5 5 3'3?'5! AL M?34 D35& D. G&?&?& B. B'&' &?? 5 C3  F43>5 S/>&' 5& &'?/5 ' 3'*+53>53&'. T C3 F43>5 S/>&'! 3' 5/'! K/3? =3*5 +=&'?'5 5& =43'  '& ?3+3=43' +'53&' +&/4? ; 5@' >3'+5 3. I' 3+ =4'53&'! =3*5 +=&'?'5 ++5? 55  + '5354? 5&  535-3'/5 4 ;@ 55  3?354 45 3+ +3?' /=&' ;3'> 3'&? ; M. E/+;3& ;&/5 5 >' '?  3*? 5 5 43'3   3'/5+ 45 55 M. E/+;3& ='3@? '? ;&/>5 5 =53'5 5& 5 &+=354 35&/5 353'> & 3. F3'?3'> =3*5 +=&'?'5+ =4'53&' /'=5;4! 5 '>'5 >? =3*5 +=&'?'5 35 ;'?&''5 & =&+5 34 &' ?/5. H + >3*' 5' ?+ 5& +/;35  355' '+ 5& 5 ?3'3+553* >. I' 3+ '+! =3*5 +=&'?'5 355? 5 ++53&'+ 3' 3+ =*3&/+ =4'53&'. H /5  ?'3? 55  ;'?&'? 3+ =&+5 &' F;/ 17! 1<<". H +3? 55  &'4 45 5 43'3 5& * 3+ ?3'' 5 &. I' 5!  5/'? 5& 5 43'3 5 7:1 3' 5 *'3'> /=&' ;3'> 3'&? & 5 >'. A5 *4/53'> 5 > + 44 + 5 '+ & =3*5 +=&'?'5! =5353&' &=' ?3?? 5& +/+='? =3*5 +=&'?'5 & 5 &'5+ 53* D; 16! 1<<". 3*5 +=&'?'5 34?  &=43'5 & 344>4 +/+='+3&' >3'+5 =5353&'.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 =5353&' 3+ &5 3' >/3'> 55 ;3'>  /44-53 =4&! =3*5 +=&'?'5 3+ &;43>? 5& +5 3' 5 &=' =3++ & '&5 4++ 5' 3>5 () &/+. H'!   '&5 4* 5 &=' =3++ ?/3'> +/ 53! *' 5& 5@ 3+ 4+

Hel, T =5353&' &=&53&' 3+ '&5 &5.S/= C&/5 +3?: A534+ , '?  & 5 L;& C&? ?:

Ar-. /". N(r5al 6(2rs (: ?(r. T '&4 &/+ & &@ & ' =4& +44 '&5 ? 3>5 () &/+  ?. H45 =+&''4 3' 353+ '? /'33=4353+ 35  =&=/453&' & 5 4+5 &' 3443&' (1!000!000) &  3' &+=354+ '? 43'3+ 35  ;? =35 & 5 4+5 &' /'?? (100) +44 &4? >/4 &3 &/+ & 3>5 () &/+  ?! & 3* () ?+  @! 4/+3* & 53 & 4+! =5  5

Page107of153 3>'3+ & 5 +*3 K/3 55 +/ =+&''4 &@ & +3 (6) ?+ & &5-3>5 (") &/+! 3' 3 + 5 +44 ; '5354? 5& ' ??353&'4 &='+53&' & 5 4+5 535 = '5 (,0) & 53  >/4 > & &@ &' 5 +35 ?. F& =/=&++ & 53+ A534! 45 =+&''4 +44 3'4/?: +3?'5 =+33'+! '/++! '/5353&'3+5+! ?3533'+! =3+5+! +&34 &@+! 4;&5& 5'33'+!  =?34 5'33'+! =+&4&>3+5+! 3?3*+! 55'?'5+ '? 44 &5 &+=354 & 43'3 =+&''4. (=+3+ +/==43?)

Ar-. /<. Meal peri(,s.QS/;5 5& +/ >/453&'+ + 5 S5 & L;&  =+3;! 35 +44 ; 5 ?/5 & * =4& 5& >3* 3+ =4&+ '&5 4++ 5' +35 (60) 3'/5+ 53-& &  53 >/4 4+. S53&' 7! R/4 I! B&&@ III & 5 O'3;/+ R/4+ I=4'53'> 5 L;& C&? /5 +55+:

Sec. 0. Meal an, Res- Peri(,s.QE* =4& +44 >3* 3+ =4&+! >?4++ & +! '&5 4++ 5' &' (1) &/ 53-& & >/4 4+! =5 3' 5 &44&3'> ++ '  4 =3&? & '&5 4++ 5' 5'5 (20) 3'/5+  ; >3*' ; 5 =4& =&*3?? 55 +/ +&5 4 =3&? 3+ ?35? + &='+;4 &/+ &@? & 5 =4& () W 5 &@ 3+ '&'-'/4 &@ 3' '5/ & ?&+ '&5 3'*&4* +5'/&/+ =+34 53&' (;) W 5 +5;43+'5 >/44 &=5+ '&5 4++ 5' +35' &/+  ? () I' ++ & 5/4 & 3='?3'> >'3+ & 5 3+ />'5 &@ 5& ; =&? &' 3'3+! K/3='5 & 3'+54453&'+ 5& *&3? +3&/+ 4&++ 3 5 =4& &/4? &53+ +/ '? (?) W 5 &@ 3+ '++ 5& =*'5 +3&/+ 4&++ & =3+;4 >&&?+. R+5 =3&?+ & & ;@+ /''3'> & 3* () 5& 5'5 (20) 3'/5+ +44 ; &'+3?? + &='+;4 &@3'> 53. T/+! 5 3>5-&/ &@ =3&? ?&+ '&5 3'4/? 5 4 ;@. N& 3' 5 4  35 ; 3'? 55 =4&+ /+5 5@ 53 4+ 353' 5 &=' =3++. E=4&+  '&5  =&3;35? & >&3'> &/5 & 5 =3++ + 4&'> + 5 5/' 5& 53 =&+5+ &' 53. 3*5 +=&'?'5+ 5! 5&! & >&3'> & 5& 5@ 3+ ?3'' ?&+ '&5 &'+535/5 ;'?&''5

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Lin-(n C(55ercial C( Inc1 *s. Hellera e- al GR N( %@"%401 Oc-(8er %&1 3&&0 Fac-s L3'5&' 3+  ?&+53 &=&53&' '>>? 3' 5 ;/+3'++ & 3=&553&'! &4+4! 534 '? ;353&' & +54 '? 35+ ;-=&?/5+. 5353&' D+3 O'> 3+ L3'5&'+ *3 =+3?'5. O' 17 D; 1<<7! L3'5&' 3++/?  &'?/ ??++? 5& 35+ =4&+ 3'&3'> 5 & 5 &='+ ?3+3&' 5& +/+='? 35+ &=53&'+ & 1 D; 1<<7 5&  #'/ 1<< ?/ 5& 5 /' 3+3+ 55 5? 35+ ;/+3'++ &=53&'+. L3'5&' +/;355? ' +5;43+'5 53'53&' =&5 5& 5 D=5'5 & L;& '? E=4&'5 (DOLE) >?3'> 5 5=& 4&+/ & 5 +5;43+'5 &*3'> 5 +3? =3&?. T &='+ &=53&' + 5& +/ &' 6 #'/ 1<<. O' 7 #'/ 1<<7! L3'5&' 3++/? '&5 &'?/ 3'&3'> 5 55 53* 12 #'/ 1<<! 35 &/4? 3=4'5  ' &=++? &@@ & 5 (,) ?+ &'  &553&' ;+3+. I' &5  &?+!  &@ &/4? ; &@3'> &'  &553&' ;+3+ & 5 &@3'> ?+ &'4 3'+5? & +3 ?+  @. O' 5 + ?! L3'5&' +/;355? ' +5;43+'5 53'53&' =&5 &''3'> 5 &553&' & 35+ &@+. L3'5&' =&?? 35 5 3=4'553&' & 5 ' =&43 35&/5 353'> &  35+ ==&*4 ; DOLE. A>>3*?! +35-3>5 (6) &@+ (&@+) 34?  C&=43'5 & 344>4 ?/53&' & &@?+ 35 5 A;3553&' B' & 5 NLRC &' 17 #/4 1<<. R+=&'?'5: L3'5&' 3=4'5? 5 ?/53&' & &@ &/+ 35&/5 &;+*3'> A534 2, & 5 L;& C&?! 3 K/3? +/;3++3&' & '&53 5& 5& DOLE &' &'5 =3& 5& 5 3=4'553&' & ?/53&' & =+&''4! +3' L3'5&' 34? &'4 5 +5;43+'5 53'53&' =&5 '53'> 5 &=++? &@@ &' 5 * ?5 & 35+ 3=4'553&'.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 ? &355? 344>4 ?/53&' & &@ ' 35 3=&+?  ?/53&' & &@ &/+ 5; 53'> 35+ =4&+.

Hel,A353* F& 5 ?/53&' & &@3'> &/+ 5& ; *43?! 5 &44&3'> /+5 ; 5@' 3'5& &'+3?53&': 5 '>'5 + 5=&! 35 +  & /' +&4/53&' 3'+5? &  5''5 & =+&''4! 5 + '&53 '? &'+/4553&'+ 35 5 &@+ '? +/=*3+&+!  &'+'+/+  ? &' & 5& ?4 35 ?53&53'> &'&3 &'?353&'+ '? 35 + +/33'54 =&*' 55 5 &=' + +/3'> & 4&+++. A ?/53&' & 5 '/; & >/4 &@3'> ?+ 3+ *43?  5 '>'5 3+ +&5? 5& ; 5 =4& 5& =*'5 +3&/+ 4&+++ ?/ 5& /++ ;&'? 3+ &'5&4! +/ + ' 5 3+  +/;+5'534 +4/= 3' 5 ?'? & 3+ >&&?+ & +*3+ & ' 5 3+ 4@ &  534+. A 4&+ 3'53&' & =5353&'+ 3''34 =&5+ & 1<<7-1<< +&+ 55! 34 5 &=' +/?  4&++ & ,!6"!"22.00 3' 1<<7! 35 53'?  &'+3?;4 &/'5 & '3'>+ '? &=53'> 3'&. C44 5'! 34 L3'5&' +/? & 4&+++ & 55 ! 5 3'? '&/> '3'>+ 5& +/33'54 +/+53' 35+ &=53&'+. I' ;/+3'++! +/+53'? &=53&'+ 3' 5 ;4@ 3+ 5 3?4 ;/5 ;3'> 3' 5 ? 3+  /4 435. H&*!   & 3''34 4&+++ &/4? '&5 '5 5 3&453&' & 5 4 & 5 =4&+! 3 3' 53+ + + ?&' 5&/>  ?/? &@@ 55 +/45? 3' ' /'+5543'> ?33'/53&' & 5 =3&?3 = &  =&55? =3&?. 3553'> ?/53&' & &@ '? =  5 5 +43>5+5 3'?353&' & 4&+++ &/4? ; &'5 5& 5 S55+ =&43 5& &? =&553&' 5& 4;& '?  =&*3? /44 =4&'5.

Page109of153 C53'4! '>'5 + 5 =&>53* 5& & /= 35 +/+ 5& '+/ =&35;3435 & 4&++ 3'3353&'. H&*! +/ =3*34> 3+ '&5 ;+&4/5. M'>'5 =&>53* /+5 ; 3+? 3' >&&? 35 '? 35 ?/ >? 5& 5 3>5+ & 4;&. A+ =*3&/+4 +55?! 3''34 4&+++ /+5 ; +&' ;&  &=' ' *43?4 &=5 5& ?/ 5 &@ &/+ & 35+ =4&+. H&*! 5& ?5! '& ?3'35 >/3?43'+ * 5 ;' +5 5& ?53' 5 5 44>? 4&+++  +/33'5 5& /+53 5 ?/53&' & &@ &/+. I 5 +5'??+ +5 3' ?53'3'> 5 /+533;3435 & 3''34 4&+++ /'? A534 2, (3..! 5''5) & A534 26 (3..! +/+='+3&' & &@) & 5 L;& C&?  5& ; &'+3??! =5353&'+ &/4? '? /= 343'> 5& 5 5 +5'??+. O' 5 &' '?! A534 26 ==43+ &'4 ' 5 3+  ;&' 3? +/+='+3&' & 5 =4&+ &=53&' &  ;/+3'++ & /'?5@3'> &  =3&? '&5 ?3'> +3 (6) &'5+. R&?+ +& 55 L3'5&' &'53'/? 35+ ;/+3'++ &=53&'+ ?/3'> 5 53*35 & 5 &=++? &@@! 3 +=''? & 5' 5 3/ =3&?. O' 5 &5 '?! & 5''5 5& ; /+533?! ' 43 & 5/4 & =&5'534 ;/+3'++ 4&+++ /+5 +53+ 5 &44&3'> +5'??+: (1) 5 4&+++ 3'/?  +/;+5'534 '? '&5 ? 3'33+ (2) 5 4&+++  5/4 & +&';4 33''5 (,) 5 5''5 3+ +&';4 '++ '? 3+ 43@4 5& ; 53* 3' =*'53'> 5 =5? 4&+++ '? (") 5 44>? 4&+++! 3 4? 3'/?! & 5 =5? 33''5 4&+++ +&/>5 5& ; &+544?!  =&*' ; +/33'5 '? &'*3'3'> *3?'. L3'5&' 34? 5& &=4 35 5+ +5'??+.

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Bisi Manaa?a sa Tr9c( *s. NLRC GR N(. %<%"&1 Oc-(8er %<1 3&&/ Fac-s R+=&'?'5 T&  C&=. 3*?  455 ?5? M 26! 1<<7 & 5 B// & A'34 I'?/+5 & 5 D=5'5 & A>3/45/ 3'?3'> 35 55 35+ =&?/53&' +&/4? ; &'?/5? 3' S' R4! B/4'! '&5 3' C4&&' C35. A&?3'>4! +=&'?'5 3++/? &'? ?353'> =5353&'+ 5& =&5 5& 5 &='+ =4'5 +35 3' B/4'. 5353&'+ &==&+? 5 5'+ '? 34?  + & 344>4 ?3+3++4 35 &' 43+ >3'+5 +=&'?'5 433'> 55 5 5'+ + 5'5&/'5 5& &'+5/53* ?3+3++4. I+ 5 35 5& 5 43P

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 ?3+3++4 + &'+5/53*

Hel, F/5&! T&+ ?3+3&' 5& 5'+ 35+ =&?/53&' 53*353+ 5& S' R4! B/4'! >?4++ & 5 35 + ? =/+/'5 5& 5 455 & 5 B// & A'34 I'?/+5! + 353' 5 +&= &  35+ 3''5 3>5 5& &'5&4 '? '> 35+ '5=3+ 53*4. W34 5 4 3+ +&4335&/+ & 5 4 & =4&+! 35 /+5 4+& =&55 5 3>5 & ' =4& 5& 3+ 5  44 '>'5 =&>53*+. T  344 & '>'5 5& &'?/5 35+ &' ;/+3'++ 3+ 5& 3* 35+  =/=&+ ''&5 ; ?'3?. I'?3+=/5;4! 3' 5 3'+5'5 +! 5 5'+ &?+ ?& '&5 '534  ?&53&' 3' '@ & ?33'/53&' &  +43+! ;'35+ '? &5 =3*34>+ & 5 =5353&'+. 5353&'+! 5&! '& 53 &;53&' +&44 &' 5 >&/'? 55 35 &/4? /+ 5 >5 3'&'*'3' +3' 5  44 +3?'5+ & M5& M'34 '? 5 &/4? 3'/ ??353&'4 ='++ 5& 5*4 ?34 & M'34 5& B/4'. T C&/5 + =*3&/+4 ?4? 55  3'3?'54 3'&'*'3' 3+ '&5 +/33'5 5& '5  43 & &'+5/53* ?3+3++4. O;53&' 5&  5'+ 55 3+ >&/'?? +&44 /=&' 5 =+&'4 3'&'*'3' & ?+3= 55 344 ; /+? 5& 5 =4& ; +&' & 5 5'+ 3+ '&5  *43? +&' 5& ?3+&; ' &? & 5'+.

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Mini525 La8(r S-an,ar, Bene:i-s San Mi2el C(rp *s. CA GR N(. %4@00<1 'an2ar9 "&1 3&&3 Fac-s O' 17 O5&; 1<<2! 5 D=5'5 & L;& '? E=4&'5 (DOLE)! I43>' D3+535 O3! &'?/5?  &/53' 3'+=53&' 3' 5 =3++ & S' M3>/4 C&=&53&' (SMC) 3' S5. F34&'! I43>' C35. I' 5 &/+ & 5 3'+=53&'! 35 + ?3+&*? 55 5 + /'?='5 ; SMC &  >/4 M/+43 &43? = 5& 35+ =4&+. DOLE +'5  &= & 5 3'+=53&' +/45 5& SMC '? 35 + 3*? ; '? =43'? 5& 35+ =+&''4 &3. SMC &'5+5? 5 3'?3'>+ '? DOLE &'?/5? +/ 3'>+ &' 1< N&*; 1<<2! 2 M 1<<, '? " '?  O5&; 1<<,. S5344! SMC 34? 5& +/;35 =&& 55 35 + =3'> >/4 M/+43 &43? = 5& 35+ =4&+. H'! D35& IV & DOLE I43>' D3+535 O3 3++/?  &=43' &?! ?5? 17 D; 1<<,! ?353'> SMC 5& &'+3? M/+43 &43?+ + >/4 &43?+ '? 5& = ;&5 35+ M/+43 '? '&'M/+43 =4&+ &43? = 353' 535 (,0) ?+ & 5 3=5 & 5 &?.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 =5353&' 3+ 43;4 5& = >/4 M/+43 &43? = 5& '&'-M/+43 35+ =4&+. W5 & '&5 5 R>3&'4 D35& + /3+?353&'.

Hel, A353* M/+43 &43?+  =&*3?? /'? A534+ 16< '? 170! T354 I! B&&@ V! & +3?'534 D N&. 10,! &53+ @'&' + 5 C&? & M/+43 +&'4 L+! 3 +55+:

Ar-. %@. O::icial M2sli5 6(li,a9s . - T &44&3'>  ; &>'3? + 4>4 M/+43 &43?+: () A/' #?Z? (N Y)! 3 44+ &' 5 3+5 ? & 5 3+5 4/' &'5 & M/ (;) M/43?-/'-N;Z (B35? & 5 &=5 M/?)! 3 44+ &' 5 545 ? & 5 53? 4/' &'5 & R;3-/4-A4 () L345/4 I+[ W4 M3[ (N&5/'4 #&/' '? A+'+3&' & 5 &=5 M/?)! 3 44+ &' 5 5'5-+*'5 ? & 5 +*'5 4/' &'5 & R; (?) \?-/4-F35 (H3 R /+)! 3 44+ &' 5 3+5 ? & 5 5'5 4/' &'5 & S4! &&53'> 5 '? & 5 +53'> ++&' '? () \?-]4-A?[ (H3 R H3)!3 44+ &' 5 5'5 ? & 5 545 4/' &'5 & D]4H3.

Ar-. %0&. Pr(*inces an, ci-ies ?6ere (::iciall9 (8ser*e,. - (1) M/+43 &43?+ +44 ; &3344 &;+*? 3' 5 &*3'+ & B+34'! L'& ?4 N&5! L'& ?4 S/! M>/3'?'&! N&5 C&5;5&! I43>'! M3! >?3'! '? %;&'> '? 3' +/ &5 M/+43 =&*3'+ '? 353+ +  5 ; 5? (2) U=&' =&453&' ; 5 +3?'5 & 5 343==3'+! M/+43 &43?+  4+& ; &3344 &;+*? 3' &5 =&*3'+ '? 353+. T &>&3'> =&*3+3&'+ +&/4? ; ? 3' &'/'53&' 35 A534 <" & 5 L;& C&?! 3  =&*3?+:

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Ar-. 4. Ri6- -( 6(li,a9 pa9. + () E* &@ +44 ; =3? 3+ >/4 ?34 > ?/3'> >/4 &43?+! =5 3' 534 '? +*3 +5;43+'5+ >/44 =4&3'> 4++ 5' 5' (10) &@+ (;) T =4&  K/3 ' =4& 5& &@ &' ' &43? ;/5 +/ =4& +44 ; =3?  &='+53&' K/3*4'5 5& 53 3+ >/4 5   . 5353&'+ >/'5+  /'5';4. W /+5 3'? 5 =5353&' 55 >+ '? &5  &4/'5+ >'5? ; 4 5& 5 &@3'> '  ?53'? &' 5 ;+3+ & 5 353 43? ?&'  ; 4+ '? 53'4 '&5 &' 5 ;+3+ & 5 &@+ 35 & 43>3&'. A5 ' 5! A534 ,(,) & +3?'534 D N&. 10, 4+& ?4+ 55 '&53'> 3' +44 ; &'+5/? 5& &=5 5& 5 =/?3 &  '&'-M/+43. I' ??353&'! 5 1<<< H'?;&&@ &' W&@+ S55/5& B'35+! ==&*? ; 5' DOLE S5 B3'*'3?& E. L>/+ &' 1" D; 1<<< 5>&344 +55?: C&'+3?3'> 55 44 =3*5 &=&53&'+! &3+! >'3+! '? '5353+ & +5;43+'5+ &=53'> 353' 5 ?+3>'5? M/+43 =&*3'+ '? 353+  K/3? 5& &;+* M/+43 &43?+! ;&5 M/+43 '? C3+53'+ &@3'> 353' 5 M/+43 +  '&5 =&5 & &@ &' 5 ?+ ?+3>'5?  ; 4 + M/+43 &43?+. II.

A::ir5a-i*e A534 12! S53&' B & 5 L;& C&?! + '?? ; R=/;43 A5 N&. 77,0! =&*3?+:

Ar-icle %3/. isi-(rial an, en:(rce5en- p(?er. + (;) N&535+5'?3'> 5 =&*3+3&'+ & A534 12< '? 217 & 53+ C&? 5& 5 &'5! '? 3' ++  5 453&'+3= & =4&-=4& +5344 3+5+! 5 S5 & L;& '? E=4&'5 & 3+ ?/4 /5&3? =+'553*+ +44 * 5 =& 5& 3++/ &=43' &?+ 5& >3* 5 5& 5 4;& +5'??+ =&*3+3&'+ & 53+ C&? '? &5 4;& 4>3+453&' ;+? &' 5 3'?3'>+ & 4;&  =4&'5 '? '&'5 &3+ & 3'?/+534 +5 '>3'+ ? 3' 5 &/+ & 5 3'+=53&'. T S5 & 3+ ?/4 /5&3? =+'553* +44 3++/ 35+ & /53&' 5& 5 ==&=35 /5&35 & 5 '&'5 & 53 &?+! =5 3' ++  5 =4& &'5+5+ 5 3'?3'>+ & 5 4;& =4&'5 '? '&'5 &3 '? 3++ 3++/+ +/==&5? ; ?&/'5  =&&+ 3  '&5 &'+3?? 3' 5 &/+ & 3'+=53&'. I' 5 + ;& /+! R>3&'4 D35& M 5? + 5 ?/4 /5&3? =+'553* & 5 S5 & L;& '? E=4&'5 '? 35 + 353' 3+ =& 5& 3++/ 5 &=43' &? 5& SMC. I' ??353&' 5 =5353&' ?3? '&5 ?' 55 35 + '&5 =3'> M/+43 &43? = 5& 35+ '&'-M/+43 =4&+. I'??! =5353&' 4 &'5'?+ 55 35+ '&'-M/+43 =4&+  '&5 '5354? 5& M/+43 &43? =. H'! 5 3++/ &/4? ; +&4*? *' 35&/5 ?&/'5 =&&+. I' ' +! 5 + '& 3'?353&' 55 R>3&'4 D35& M 34? 5& &'+3? ' ?&/'5 =&&   =+'5? ; SMC 3' 5 &/+ & 5 3'+=53&'.

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Tan *s. Lara5a GR N( %<%33/1 A22s- %<1 3&&3 Fac-s O' O5&; 17! 1<<! =3*5 +=&'?'5 L> + +/&'? ; T' '? /=;3??: N'>33 ' '' @ +/4&? + 3&'> ?3'>''. (Y&/ >3' /3'5? 3'+3? &/ &@ .) W' L> +@? 5 T' + +3'>! T' 5&4? 3! A ?>'> +5&. D343 @& >/+5& '> &?3'> @ =. G/3@' @&'! 4 ' ?3'>.G+. (D&'5 + '53'> /5. I ?&'5 '5 &/ 5& ? '&. F& '& &'! '& & ?3'>. G5 &/5.) L> ?'3? 5 > >3'+5 3. H 43? 55  + '&5 5 &'4 &' & '5? 5 ?3'>  '? 55! *' 3 5 > + 5/! 35 +  3'& 3'53&' 5& '5 3+ ?3+3++4. H&*! *53  +=&@! T' +&/5? G+ (G5 &/5)! 4*3'> 3 35 '& &5 &3 ;/5 5& 4* 5 =3++. L> 34?  &=43'5 35 5 N53&'4 L;& R453&'+ C&3++3&' (NLRC) 3' B/5/' C35. H 44>? 55  ? ;' 344>44 ?3+3++? '? +&/>5 3'*+53>53&' '? ='5 & 1,5 &'5 =! +*3 3''53* 4* =! +4 ?3'534! '? ?>+.

Iss2e WON 5 +=&'?'5 + 344>44 ?3+3++? '? 5/+ '5354? 5& ='5 & ;'35+ =&*3?? ; 4.

Hel, T +=&'?'5 + 344>44 ?3+3++? '? '5354? 5& ;'35+. T I=4'53'> R/4+ & 5 L;& C&? =&*3? 55 '& &@ +44 ; ?3+3++? =5 &   /+5 & /5&3? /+ =&*3?? ; 4 '? 5 ?/ =&++. T3+ =&*3+3&' + 5& +=5+: (1) 5 4>435 & 5 5 & ?3+3++4! 55 3+! ?3+3++4 /'? 5 >&/'?+ =&*3?? & /'? A534 22 & 5 L;& C&? '? (2) 5 4>435 3' 5 '' & ?3+3++4. T 344>435 & 5 5 & ?3+3++4 &'+535/5+ ?3+> 35&/5 /+5 /+! 34 344>435 3' 5 '' & ?3+3++4 3+ ?3+3++4 35&/5 ?/ =&++. I' 53+ +! ; 3+ /+4 5& >3* L> &@ 5& ?& '? &?3'> L> 5& >5 &/5 &  3+ +3>5 + 5 455 53? 5& =43' 3+ +3?! =5353&' ? 35 =43' 55 L> + ?3+3++?. U3'53'> 3'  &@ =4 &5 5' 5 &' ?+3>'5? & 5 =/=&+ ; 5 =4& &'+535/5+ *3&453&' & +&';4 >/453&'+ 3'5'?? 5& =&&5  45 '*3&''5 /'? A5. 22(1) & 5 L;& C&? & =/=&++ & 53'53'> =4&'5! ;/5 5 + /+5 ; +&' ; *3?'. H 5 3+ '& *3?' 55 L> ?3? /3'5 3'  =4 &5 5'  +5 && 3' 5 =3++ & 3+ &@. I'+5? & &?3'> 3+ 3'+55'5 + =&*3?? 3' A5. 27< & 5 L;& C&?! 5 L;& A;35  &/'? 55 5 453&'+3= ;5' 5 =4& '? =4& + ;' +& +53'? 55 5 455+ 3'+55'5 &/4? '& 4&'> +* ' =/=&+. T =53+ ?& '&5 ?3+=/5 53+ 3'?3'>. H'! 5 >'5 & +=53&' = 3' 43/ & 3'+55'5 3+ ==&=35. T3+ 3+ & &/+ 3' ??353&' 5& 5  ='5 & ;@>+ 3! 3' &?' 35 5 /43'> 3' B/+5'5 *. NLRC +&/4? ; &=/5? & 5 53 & L>+ ?3+3++4 /= 5& 5 53 & 5 3'435 & 53+ ?3+3&'! 35&/5 ' ??/53&' & K/43353&'. T B// & W&@3'> C&'?353&'+ ,2 4++33+ &@+ =3? ; +/45+ 3'5& 5& >&/=+! '4 (1) 5&+ &+ 53 '? =&' 3+ +/=*3+? ; 5 =4&! '? (2) 5&+ &+ 53 '?  =&' 3+ /'+/=*3+? ; 5 =4&.

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La58( *s. NLRC "%0 SCRA 43& Fac-s 5353&'+ A*43'& L;& '? V3'5 B4&/  =4&? + 534&+ ; =3*5 +=&'?'5+ #.C. T34& S&= '?& #&'' C& &' S=5; 10! 1< '? M ,! 1<! +=53*4. T &@? &  5& 7= ?34! 3'4/?3'> S/'?+ '? &43?+. A+ 3' 5 + & 5 &5 100 =4&+ & =3*5 +=&'?'5+! =5353&'+  =3? &'  =3-&@ ;+3+! &?3'> 5& 5 +54 &  +/35+ 5 ?. R>?4++ & 5 '/; & =3+ 5 3'3+? 3'  ?! 5   >3*'  ?34  = & 5 4+5 6".00. O' #'/ 17! 1<3'+5 =3*5 +=&'?'5+ & 344>4 ?3+3++4 '? +&/>5 &* & &*53 =! &43? =! =3/ = &' &43? '? +5 ?! +*3 3''53* 4* =! +=53&' =! 1,5 &'5 =! '? 55&'+ +. A5 3'>! L;& A;35 &/'? =3*5 +=&'?'5+ >/345 & 344>4 ?3+3++4. O' ==4 ; =3*5 +=&'?'5+! 5 NLRC *+? 5 ?3+3&' & 5 L;& A;35. T NLRC 4? =5353&'+ >/345 & ;'?&''5 & &@ '? &?3'>4 ?3+3++? 53 43+ =5 55 &  1,5 &'5 =. T ?3+3&' & 5 NLRC 3+ SET ASIDE '? '&5 &' 3+ '?? &?3'> =3*5 +=&'?'5+ 5& = =5353&'+ 5 5&54 &/'5 & 11!102."0.

T!O CATEGORIES OF EMPLOYEES PAID BY RES$LTS.   J T  2 5>&3+ &  =4&+ =3? ; +/45+: 1. T&+ &+ 53 '? =&'  +/=*3+? ; 5 =4&. (H! 5 3+ ' 4'5 &  &'5&4 '? +/=*3+3&' &* 5 '' + 5& & 5 &@ 3+ 5& ; =&?. A =3-5 &@   ;4&'>+ 3' 53+ 5>& +=344 3  =&+ 3+ &@ 3' 5 &=' =3++.) '? 2. T&+ &+ 53 '? =&'  /'+/=*3+?. (H! 5 =4&+ &'5&4 3+ &* 5 +/45 & 5 &@. W&@+ &' =@& '? 5@ ;+3+ ;4&'> 5& 53+ >&/=.) B&5 4+++ & &@+  =3? = /'35 &=43+?. 3-5 ='5 3+ >'44 =53? 3' >'5 5&3+  &@ 3+ ?&' 3' 5 &=' =3++! 34 ='5 &' =@& '? 5@  ;+3+ 3+ &&'4 &;+*? 3' 5 >3/45/4 3'?/+5! +/ + 3' +/> =4'553&'+  5 &@ 3+  =&? 3' ;/4@ & 3' *&4/+ ?33/45 5& K/'53. 5353&'+ ;4&'> 5& 5 3+5 5>&! 3..! +/=*3+? =4&+. %e mere fact t%at petitioners *ere paid in a piece!rate basis does not ne#ate t%eir status as re#ular  employees of private respondents. : I' 53+ +! =3*5 +=&'?'5+ 3+? &'5&4 &* 5 &@ & 

 =5353&'+. A+ 534&+! =5353&'+ &@? 3' 5 &='+ =3++ &  5& 7= ?34! 3'4/?3'> S/'?+ '? &43?+. T  5 55 =5353&'+  =3? 3'  =3-5 ;+3+ ?&+ '&5 '>5 53  +55/+ + >/4 =4&+ & =3*5 +=&'?'5+. T 5 WAGE 3+ ;&?4 ?3'? 3' A534 <7 &  5 L;& C&? + /'53&' & '3'>+! =;4 & ;3'> =++? 3' 5+ & &' 5  3? & +53'? &'  53! 5+@! =3 & &3++3&' ;+3+. '5 ; 5 =3 3+ /+5  5&? &  &='+53&' '? ?&+ '&5 ?3' 5 ++' & 5 453&'+. N& ?&+ 5 5 55 =5353&'+  '&5 &*? ; 5 SSS 5 5 =4&-=4& 453&'+3=.

Page115of153  Factors t%at s%o* t%at petitioners alt%ou#% piece!rate *or+ers, *ere re#ular employees of private respondents. :

(1) W353' 5 &'5=453&' & A534 20 & 5 L;& C&?! 53 &@ + 534&+ + '++ &  ?+3;4 3' 5 /+/4 ;/+3'++ & =3*5 +=&'?'5+! 3 3+ '>>? 3' 5 534&3'> ;/+3'++ (2) 5353&'+ &@? & =3*5 +=&'?'5+ 5&/>&/5 5 ! 53 =4&'5 '&5 ;3'> ?='?'5 &'  +=33 =&5 & ++&' '?! (,) 5353&'+ &@? & =3*5 +=&'?'5+ & & 5' 1 .  0ot all /uitclaims are per se invalid or a#ainst public policy< e1ceptions. : T& ; +/! '&5 44

K/3543+  = + 3'*43? & >3'+5 =/;43 =&43. B/5 5&+ (1) W 5 3+ 4 =&& 55 5 3* + '>4? & ' /'+/+=53'> & >/443;4 =+&' &  (2) W 5 5+ & +554'5  /'&'+3&';4 &' 53   3'*43?. I' 5+ ++! 5 4 344 +5= 3' 5& ''/4 5 K/+53&';4 5'+53&'. H&*! &'+3?3'> 55 5 L;& A;35 ? >3*' 5 =5353&' L;&  5&54 ? & <"!71<.20! 5 &/'5 & 10!000 5& &* ' '? 44 &'5 43+ 3+ 44 /'&'+3&';4. A+  * 4? 3' '&5 +! 5 +/;&?3'5 =&+353&' & 5 3'?3*3?/4 =4& *3+-^-*3+ '>'5 '?+ 3 +=344 */4';4 5& 35+ ;4'?3+'5+! 3=&5/'3'>+! '? *' 3'533?53&'+! '? +/45+ 3' 3+ 3=&*3?'54 3*3'>  ;'35+ 5&& 3  3+ 44 '5354?. T/+! K/3543+! 3*+ & 4++  4&&@? /=&' 35 ?3+*& & ;3'> &'5 5& =/;43 =&43 '?  3'53* 5& ; 43+ & 5 /44 +/ & 5 &@+ 4>4 3>5+. A' =4& & 3+ 4 &'+53'? 5& =5 5 >+ =3? 5& 3 3+ '&5  =4/?? & &*3'> 5 ?3' ;5' 5 &/'5  5/44 3*? '? 55 &/'5 3  +&/4? * 3*?.

Page116of153

Asian Trans5issi(n *s. CA 43< SCRA 40/1 3&&4 Fac-s T D=5'5 & L;& '? E=4&'5 (DOLE)! 5&/> U'?+5! 3++/? ' E=4'5& B/4453' ?5? M 11! 1<<, 3' 35 433?! 3'5 43! 55 =4&+  '5354? 5& 200 & 53   ;+3 > &' A=34 G&&? F3? 8'?! 5&!  4>4 &43?9! 3+ 4+& A '> >353'>' 83 3+ 4+&  4>4 &43?9. T ;/4453' ?+: S3? ;/4453' + =&?/? &' #'/ 2,! 1<<! ' A=34 >353'>'. D+=35 5 =4'5& ;/4453'! =5353&' &=5? 5& = 35+ ?34 =3? =4&+ &'4 100 & 53   ;+3 = &' A=34 '> A+3' T'+3++3&' L;& U'3&' (BATLU) =&5+5?. I' &?' 35 S5= 6 & 5 >3*' =&?/ & 5 C&4453* B>3'3'> A>'5 (CBA) 3+53'> ;5' =5353&' '? BATLU! 5 &'5&*+ + +/;355? & *&4/'5 ;3553&'. O' #/4 ,1! 1<<! 5 O3 & 5 V&4/'5 A;355& '??  ?3+3&' ?353'> =5353&' 5&  = 35+ &*? =4&+ 200 '? '&5 /+5 100 & 53 >/4 ?34 >+ & 5 /'&@? A=34 /4 &43?+! '4! A '> >353>'' '? M/'? T/+?.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 ?34-=3? =4&+  '5354? 5& ; =3? & 5& >/4 &43?+ 3 44 &' 5 + ?.

Hel, A353* H&43? = 3+  4>3+45? ;'35 '5? + =5 & 5 C&'+535/53&'4 3=53* 55 5 S55 +44 &? =&553&' 5& 4;&. I5+ =/=&+ 3+ '&5 4 5& =*'5 ?33'/53&' & 5 &'54 3'& & 5 &@+ &' &/'5 & &@ 3'5/=53&'+. I' &5 &?+! 45&/> 5 &@ 3+ &? 5& 5@  +5!  '+ 5  +&/4? '! 55 3+! 3+ &43? =. I5 3+ 4+& 3'5'?? 5& ';4 5 &@ 5& =533=5 3' 5 '53&'4 4;53&'+ 4? ?/3'> 5 ?+ 3?'533? + 35 >5 3+5&34 '? /45/4 +3>'33'. I'?='?' D (#/' 12)! A '> >353'>' (A=34 <)! N53&'4 H&+ D (4+5 S/'? &  A/>/+5)! B&'33& D (N&*; ,0) '? R34 D (D; ,0)  ?4? '53&'4 &43?+ 5& &? F343=3'&+ 35  /3'> &==&5/'35 5& &&5 5 &3+ & 5 F343=3'& =&=4!  =&&5 '53&'4 3?'535! '? ?=' 5 +=335 & =53&53+. L;& D (M 1) 3+  ? 5?353&'44 +*? 5& 4;5 5 &'53;/53&'+ & 5 &@3'> 4++ 5& 5 ?*4&='5 & 5 '53&'! 34 5 43>3&/+ &43?+ ?+3>'5? 3' E/53* O? N&. 20, 44& 5 &@ 5& 4;5 3+ 35 35 3+ 34.

ART. 4. Ri6- -( 6(li,a9 pa9 . - () E* &@ +44 ; =3? 3+ >/4 ?34 > ?/3'> >/4  &43?+! =5 3' 534 '? +*3 +5;43+'5+ >/44 =4&3'> 4++ 5' 5' (10) &@+ (;) T =4&  K/3 ' =4& 5& &@ &' ' &43? ;/5 +/ =4& +44 ; =3?  &='+53&' K/3*4'5 5& 53 3+ >/4 5 '? () A+ /+? 3' 53+ A534! &43? 3'4/?+: N Y+ D! M/'? T/+?! G&&? F3?! 5 '3'5 & A=34! 5 3+5 & M! 5 545 & #/'! 5 &/5 & #/4! 5 53535 & N&*;! 5 5'5-35 '? 53535 & D; '? 5 ? ?+3>'5? ; 4 & &4?3'>  >'4 453&'!

Page117of153 3 + '?? ; E/53* O? N&. 20, 3++/? &' #/' ,0! 1<7! +/ 55 5 >/4 &43?+  '&: 1. N Y+ D #'/ 1 2. M/'? T/+? M&*;4 D5 ,. G&&? F3? M&*;4 D5 ". A '> >353'>' A=34 < (B5' '? C&>3?& D) . L;& D M 1 6. I'?='?' D #/' 12 7. N53&'4 H&+ D D  L+5 S/'? & A/>/+5 . B&'33& D N&*; ,0 <. C3+5+ D D; 2 10. R34 D D; ,0 A+ 45? ;&*! A5. A5. <" & 5 L;& C&?! + '??! &?+ &?+  &@ &@ 5 '&'5 '&'5 & 5'  =3? >/4 &43?+. T =&*3+3&' 3+ '?5&! '?5&! >?4++ & 5 ' =4& 3+ =3? &'  &'54 & ?34 ;+3+. U'43@  ;&'/+! 3 3+  '>'5 =&>53*! &43? = 3+  +55/5&  ;'35 ?'?;4 /'? 5 4. S3'  &@ 3+ '5354? 5& 5 '&'5 & 5' =3? >/4  &43?+! 5 5 55 5& &43?+ 44 &' 5 + ?5 +&/4? '&5 &=5 5& ?/ 5& '3' 5 5' &43? = ;'35+  &@ 3+ '5354? 5& 3*. I' 5 + 5 ;! 5 3+ '&53'> 3' 5 4 3 =&*3?+ & 3'?35+ 55 5 '5354'5 5& 5' ?+ & &43? = +44 ; ?/? 5& '3' ' 5& 5 & &43?+ 44 &' 5 + ?. I' ' *'5! A5. " & 5 L;& C&? =&*3?+ 55 44 ?&/;5+ 3' 5 3=4'553&' '? 3'5=553&' & 35+ =&*3+3&'+! 3'4/?3'> 35+ 3=4'53'> /4+ '? >/453&'+! +44 ; +&4*? 3' *& & 4;&. F&  5 &@3'> '+ 4 +&/4? ; 5 =3&?34 '? =&/'5 &'+3?53&'.

M&&*! S. 11! R/4 IV! B&&@ III & 5 O'3;/+ R/4+ 5& I=4'5 5 L;& C&? =&*3?+ 55 N&53'> 3' 5 4 & 5 /4+ +44 /+53 ' =4& 3' 35?3'> & ?/3'> ' ;'35+! +/==4'5+ & ='5+ & /'&@? >/4 &43?+ + =&*3?? 3' 3+53'> 3'?3*3?/4 & &4453* >'5 & =4& =53 & =&43. F/5&! & 5 =53''5 =&*3+3&'+ & 5 CBA '5? 3'5& ; 5 =53+! =5353&' ? &;43>5? 35+4 5& = =  & 5 4>4 &43?+ + K/3? ; ;  4.

Page118of153

A2-(82s Transp(r- S9s-e5 *s Ba2-is-a GR N( %<@"@41 Ma9 %@1 3&&< Fac-s S3' 2" M 1<<! B/53+5 + ;' =4&? ; =5353&' A/5& B/+ T'+=&5 S+5+! I'. (A/5&;/+)! + ?3*-&'?/5&. W34 +=&'?'5 + ?3*3'> A/5&;/+ N&. 11" 4&'> S5. F! N/* V3! 5 ;/+  + ?3*3'> 3?'544 ;/=? 5  =&53&' & A/5&;/+ N&. 12"! + 5 455  *34 +/??'4 +5&==? 5  += /* 35&/5 >3*3'> ' '3'>. R+=&'?'5 *? 55 5 3?'5 =='? ;/+  + &=44? ; 5 '>'5 5& >&  ;@ 5& R&+! I+;4! 45&/>  ? '&5 +4=5 & 4&+5 5'5-&/ (2") &/+! +  ? /+5 3*? 3' M'34 & R&+! I+;4. I+;4. R+=&'?'5 /5 44>? 55  + '&5 44&? 5& &@ /'534  /44 =3? 5 &/'5 & = 7!1.0! =+'53'> 535 ='5 (,0) & 5 &+5 & =3 & 5 ?> ?>?? ;/++ ;/++ '? 55 55 ?+=35 ?+=35 +=&' +=&'?' ?'5 5++ =4+ =4+ & &'+ &'+3? 3?5 53&' 3&'!! 5 + + + 3>'& 3>'&?? ; '>'5. A5  &'5! '>'5 '>'5 +'5 3  455 & 53'53&'.

Iss2e: W5 & '&5 +=&'?'5 3+ '5354? 5& +*3 3''53* 4*.

Hel, 5353&'+ &'5'53&' 55 +=&'?'5 3+ '&5 '5354? 5& 5 >'5 & +*3 3''53* 4* /+5  ;/+  + =3? &' =/4 &3++3&' ;+3+ 3+ 3+=4?. W5 /+5 ; +53'? 3' &? 5& +&4* 5 3++/ & =&=35 & 5 >'5 & +*3 3''53* 4* 5& +=&'?'5 3+ 5 & '&5  3+  34? =+&''4. A&? A&?3'> 3'> 5& A53 A534 4 2 & 5 L;& L;& C&?! C&?! 34? 34? =+&' =+&''4 '4 +44 +44   5& '&'-> '&'->3/ 3/45/ 45/4 4 =4&+ & >/44 =& 53 ?/53+  & 5 =3'3=4 =4 & ;/+3'++ & ;' &3 & 5 =4& '? &+ 5/4 &/+ & &@ 3' 5 34? ''&5 ; ?53'? 35 +&';4 53'5. I5 3+ '++ 5& +5++ 55 5 ?3'353&' &  34? =+&''4 3+ '&5 4 &''? 35 5 4&53&'  5 =4& >/44 =&+ 3+ ?/53+ ;/5 4+& 35 5 5 55 5 =4&+  =&' 3+ /'+/=*3+? ; 5 =4&. A+ ?3+/++? ;&*! 34? =+&''4  5&+ & >/44 =& 53 ?/53+  & 5 =3'3=4 =4 & ;/+3'++ & 5 =4& '? &+ 5/4 &/+ &/+ & &@ 3' 5 34? ''&5 ''&5 ; ?53'? ?53'? 35 +&';4 +&';4 53'5. 53'5. T/+! T/+! 3' &? 5& &'4/? 5 ' =4& 3+  34? =4&! 35 3+ 4+& '++ 5& +53' 3 5/4 &/+ &  &@ 3' 5 34? ' ; ?53'? 35 +&';4 53'5 53'5 ; 5 =4&. I' +& ?&3'>! ' 3'K/3 /+5 ; ? + 5& 5 & '&5 5 =4&+  =4&+ 53 53 '? =&'  &'+5'54 +/=*3+? ; 5 =4&.

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San Mi2el C(rp *s. Del R(sari( GR N(. %@/%41 Dece58er %"1 3&&< Fac-s O' A=34 A=34 17! 2000! +=&'?'5 + =4&? =4&? ; =5353&' + @ &/'5 +=343+5. O' M 3'+5 =5353&' & 344>4 ?3+3++4 '? /'?='5'&'-='5 & &'5 ;'35+.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 +=&'?'5 3+  >/4 =4& & =5353&'.

Hel, A353*: I' 53'53&' ++! 43@ 5 =+'5 &'5&*+! 5 ;/?' & =&*3'> 5 3/+5'+ 55 &/4? /+53 5 =4&+ ?3+3++4 +5+ 35 5 =4&. T ;+5 =&& 55 =5353&' +&/4? * =+'5? 5& =&* =&* 5 =&;53&' +55/+ & +=&'?'5 3+  =4&'5 &'55. N&'! *3'>  ;' =+'5?! 5 &'53'/&/+ =4&'5 & +=&'?'5 + ' &/'5 +=343+5 & 4&+5 11 &'5+! & A=34 17! 2000 5& M 12! 2001! '+ 55 + +  >/4 =4& '? '&5  5=& 43* &  =&;53&' =4&. A'? 34 35 3+ 5/ 55 ;  & =53&'! 5 =3&? & =&;53&' =4&'5  ? +3 &'5+ ' 5 =53+ +& >! +/ + ' 5 + 3+ +5;43+? ; &=' =&43! & ' 35 3+ K/3? ; 5 '5/ & 5 &@! '&' & 5+ =53&'4 3/+5'  =&*' 3' 5 =+'5 +. H'! +=&'?'5 &+ =4&'5 =4&'5 ?? +3 &'5+ 3+ /'?&/;5?4  >/4 =4& &   =5353&'. M&&*! *' ++/3'> 55 5 =4&'5 & +=&'?'5 & A=34 7! 2000 5& S=5; ,! 2000! 3+ &'4 5=&! '? 55 5 @&'3'> =3&? &  =&;53&' =4&'5 3+ S=5; "! 2000! + +&/4? +5344 ; ?4?  >/4 =4& ;/+ ; 5 53 + + ?3+3++? &' M 12! 2001!  44>? =&;53&' =4&'5 4? ?? +3 &'5+! 3..! +3 &'5+ '? 3>5 ?+ 5& ; =3+. A &@ + &/'? 5& ;  >/4 =4& =4& '&535+5'?3'> 5 =+'553&' ; 5 =4& &  &44 A/5&35 A/5&35 3'?353'> 55 +3? =4& + 3? &' =&;53&'! +3' 35 + +&' 55  + 53'5? &/ ?+ 5 5 6 5 &'5 & 3+ =/=&5? =&;53&' =4&'5.  N35 344 =5353&'+ ;45? 43 55 +=&'?'5 ;  =&;53&' =4& +553'> O5&; O5&; 1! 2000 &@ >3'+5 >3'+5 +=&'?'5. +=&'?'5. A+ 43 43 +55?! 5 =&44 =&44 /5&353+ /5&353+ 3'?353'> 3'?353'> 55 +=&'?'5+ =&;53&' +55/+ ; 53* + & +/ ?5  & +'5 *3?'53 *4/ +3' 35 ?&+ '&5 +& 5 &'&35 &'&35 & +=&'?'5. A5 ' 5! 3' 5 3'5=553&' 3'5=553&' & =4&'5 &'55+! 5 &4 & 355'! 44 ?&/;5+ /+5 ; +&4*? 3' *& & 4;&. H'! 5 &'55 & =4&'5 3' 5 3'+5'5 +! 3 ==+ 5& ; ' &4 >'5 +3' '& 355' & + =+'5? ; =5353&'! +&/4? ; &'+5/? + &' *+53'> +=&'?'5 35  >/4 +55/+ '? +/35 & 5'/. R>?3'> 5 >/'5 & ?/'?'! R?/'?'! & =/=&++ & 5 L;& C&?! 3+5+  5 +*3+ & ' =4&  3' ++ & 5 3+ +&';4 ?'?? ; 5 5/4 K/3'5+ & 

Page120of153 5 '5=3+. S/3'54 =/5!  =&+353&' 3+ ?/'?'5  35 3+ +/=4/&/+! '? +/=4/35 &   =&+353&' & =&+353&'+  ; 5 &/5& &  '/; & 5&+! +/ + &*33'> & &@+! ?+? *&4/ & ;/+3'++! & ?&==3'> &  =53/4 =&?/5 43' & +*3 53*35 =*3&/+4 '/5/? & /'?5@' ; 5 '5=3+. T ?53'53&' 55 5 =4&+ +*3+  '& 4&'> '++ & +/+53';4 '?! 5&!  =&=4 53';4 3+ ' 3+ & ;/+3'++ /?>'5 & 5 =4&. T 3+?& & +&/'?'++ &  53+ /?>'5 3+ '&5 +/;5 5& ?3+53&' *3 & 5 L;& A;35 '? 5 NLRC! =&*3?? 5 3+ '& *3&453&' & 4 '? '& +&3'> 55 35 + =&=5? ; ' ;35 & 433&/+ 5. I' &5  &?+! 35 3+ '&5 '&/> &  &=' 5& 4 ?4 55 35 + ;& &*''?. I5 /+5 =&?/ ?K/5 =&& & +/ ?/'?' 5& /+53 5 ?3+3++4 & 5 5? =4&+. T &44&3'> *3?'  ; =&? 5& +/;+5'535 ?/'?': 5 ' +53'> =55'! +3;3435 +5/?3+=&=&+4! &' 5 *3;3435 & 5 '4 5? =&+353&'+! &; ?+3=53&' '? 5 ==&*4 ; 5 '>'5 & 5 +5/5/3'>. I' 5 + 5 ;! =5353&' =+'5? ' 3?*35 & 35+ S4+ M'> '?  &'?/ & 5 &=' ;&5 5& 5 5 55 5 3+  '? 5& ?=4& 35+ >/4 =4&+ '? 53'5 5 =4&'5 & 5=& =4&+! 3' *3 & ' ++ 3' '=&. T+ ?&/'5+! &*! ?& '&5 +53+ 5 K/3'5 & +/;+5'534 *3?' 55  +&';4 3'? 3>5 =5 + ?K/5 5& +/==&5  &'4/+3&'. M&&*! 5 43'>3'> ?&/;5 + 5& 5 3+5' & ?/'?' & & =5353&'+ +& 44? +5/5/3'>! 43>''5 & &>'353&' 3 +/45? 3' 5 ?3+3++4 & '&5 &'4 =&;53&' =4&+ ;/5 4+& & >/4 =4&+! 3+ 3>43>5? ; 5 '&'-=+'553&' ; =5353&' & 5 K/3? '&53 5& 5 DOLE '? 5& 5 +=5? =4&+. I 5 + 3'??  *43? ?/'?' 5? ; =5353&'! 5+ '&53+ '? 5 =&& & ='5 & +=53&' = 5& 5 ?3+3++? >/4  =4&+ +&/4? * ;' &? 5& +5;43+ 55 5 + ++ '=& 3' =5353&'+ GMAAG /+? ;  ?43' 3' 5 +4+ *&4/. I' ;4'3'> 5 3'5+5 ;5' 4;& '? =354! 5 =/?'5 &/+ 3' 53'53&' ++ 3+ 5& +>/? 5 =3? +/35 & 5'/ & =4&+ '? 5& K/3 =4&+ 5& =+'5 5 ;+5 *3?' &;53';4! +=344 +& ;/+ 3' &+5 ++! 5 ?&/'5+ & =&& '?? 5& +&4* 5 *43?35 & 5 53'53&'!  3' 5 =&++++3&' & =4&+. A &'5 /43'> &/4? '&/> =4&+ 5& =*'5 5 >/4353&' & ' =4& ; +3=4 3'*&@3'>  3>'? & /'+/;+5'535? ?/'?' =&>. G'53'> 55 =5353&' + ;4 5& +/;+5'535 5 *43?35 & 35+ &>'353&' & +5/5/3'>! 35 '*54++! 34? 5& 5  3 '? +&';4 353&' 3' ?3+3++3'> +=&'?'5. T 353 3' 3=4'53'>  ?/'?' : () 4++ =? +55/+! .>. 5=& =4& (;) 33' '? () +'3&35. I5 3+ *3?'5 & 5 &>&3'> 55 5 353&' 44>?4 /+? ; =5353&' 3' &>'33'> 35+ +4+ /'35 + 5 =4&'5 +55/+ & 5 =4&. H&*! 3' 5 3=4'553&' 5&! =5353&'  &'&/+4 4++33? +=&'?'5 +  =&;53&' =4&! +/453'> 3' 5 ?3+3++4 & 5 455. V34! 5 ;+' & 353 '? 5 &'&/+ 3=4'553&' & 5 353&' +45?! ;&5 '? 3'*43? 5 ?/'?' ;/+ ;&5 * 5 /4535 5 & 344>44 ?3+3++3'> ' =4&.II. A353*. C&'+3?3'> 55 +=&'?'5 + 344>44 ?3+3++?! + 3+ '5354? '&5 &'4 5& 3'+55'5 ;/5 4+& 5& ='5 & /44 ;@>+! &=/5? & 5 53  &='+53&' + 5/44 354? &  &' M 1,! 2001! /= 5&  5/4 3'+55'5. A+  >/4 =4& &   =5353&' & 5 ?5 &  =4&'5 &' A=34 17! 2000! + 3+ 43@3+ '5354? 5& &5 ;'35+!

Page121of153 3..! +*3 3''53* 4* = '? 1, 5  &'5 = &=/5? & +/ ?5 4+& /= 5&  5/4 3'+55'5. R+=&'?'5 3+ '&5! &*! '5354? 5& &43? = ;/+ 5 &?+ *4 55 + 3+  &'54  =3? >/4 =4&. U'? S53&' 2! R/4 IV! B&&@ III & 5 O'3;/+ R/4+ I=4'53'> 5 L;& C&?! =4&+ &  /'3&4 =3? ; 5 &'5! 3+=53* & 5 '/; & &@3'> ?+ 53'! +44 ; =+/? 5& ; =3? & 44 5 ?+ 3' 5 &'5 5 &@? & '&5. A''5 55&'+ +! 3' 53&'+ & &* & >+ &  ' =4& + &? 5& 4353>5 '? 5/+ 3'/? ='++ 5& =&55 3+ 3>5+ '? 3'5+5+!  3/ & 10 & 5 5&54 &'5 ? ;  & 55&'+ + 3+ /+533;4 /'? A534 111 & 5 L;& C&?! S53&' ! R/4 VIII! B&&@ III & 35+ I=4'53'> R/4+! '? =>= 7! A534 220 & 5 C3*34 C&?. T ? &  55&'+ + 3+ =&= '? 5 '? '&5 ; ' +&3'> 55 5 =4& 5? 433&/+4 & 3' ;? 35 ' 35 354? 5 >+. T '? &'4 ;  +&3'> 55 5 4/4 >+  '&5 =3? &?3'>4! + 3' 5 3'+5'5 &'5&*+.

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Penaran,a *s. Baana Pl9?((, C(rp GR N(. %<<001 Ma9 "1 3&&@ Fac-s S&53 3' #/' 1<<'> 4&&? C&=&53&' (BC) 5& 5@ > & 5 &=53&'+ '? 3'5'' & 35+ +5 =4'5 ;&34. I' M 2001! ''? 34?  &=43'5 & 344>4 ?3+3++4 35 &' 43+ >3'+5 BC '? 35+ >'4 '>! H/?+&' C/! ;& 5 NLRC. 5353&' 44>? 55  + =4&?  +=&'?'5 &' M 1! 1<<< 35  &'54 +4 &  !000 + F&'B&34 H?S35 E'>3' /'534  + 344>44 53'5? 4+& 55  + '&5 =3? 3+ &*53 53 =! =3/ =! '3>5 +35 ?3'534+ '? 3'44 43+ & ='5 & ?>+ '? 55&'+ + *3'> ;' &? 5& 4353>5 5 =+'5 &=43'5. U=&' 5 &5 '? +=&'?'5 44> 55 =5353&'+ +=53&' + ?&' =/+/'5 5& A5. 2, &  5 L;& C&?. T +=&'?'5 + &' 5=& 4&+/ ?/ 5& =3 '? >'4 3'5'' '? 35 ==43? & 4' 35 DOLE 5& +/5 ?&' '? ?3+3++ =4&+. A'? 55 5 =5353&' + =3? 3+ +=53&' ;'35+. C&'+K/'54! ' +=&'?'5 &='? 3' #'/ 2001! =5353&' 34? 5& ==4. H'  + '&5 53'5? 344>44. H &=5? 5& +* =4&'5 '  3'+3+5?  ='5 & 3+ +=53&' ;'35+. F/5&! ;3'>  '>34 =4&  3+ '&5 '5354? 5& &*53 = '? 3 *  '?? +*3+ ;&'? 5 '&4 &/+ & &@! 5 + '& &3 &? & /5&353&' & 3 5& ?& +&. T 4;& ;35 &/'? 55 ''? 3+  >/4! &&' =4& '5354? 5& &'5 ;'35+ /'? 5. 2! LC. NLRC *+? 5 /43'> '? 5 CA 3?.

Hel, A534 2 & 5 L;& C&? =5+ '>34 =4&+ & 5 &*> & 4;& +5'??+. L;& +5'??+ =&*3? 5 &@3'> &'?353&' & 5 =4&+! 3'4/?3'> '5354'5 & 5 &*53  = '? =3/ =. U'? 53+ =&*3+3&' '>34 =4&+  5&+ &+ =3 ?/5 &'+3+5+ & 5 '>'5 & 5 +5;43+'5 3' 3 5  =4&? & &  ?=5'5 & +/;?3*3+3&'. H&*! 5 C&/5 ?3+>+ 35 5 3'?3'>+ & 5 NLRC+ 55 =5353&' +  '>34 =4&. E*' 3 =5353&' +  ; & 5 '>34 +5! 3 4+& 5@+ 3 &/5 & &*> & 4;& +5'??+. L3@ '>34 =4&+! &3+ '? ;+ & 5 '>34 +5  '&5 '5354? 5& 5 =&*3+3&'+ & 4 &' 4;& +5'??+. T I=4'53'> R/4+ & 5 L;& C&? ?3' ;+ & 5 '>34 +5 + 5&+ 35 5 &44&3'> ?/53+ '? +=&'+3;34353+: .  ;. .

T =3 ?/5 &'+3+5+ & 5 =&' & &@ ?354 45? 5& '>'5  =&433+ & 5 =4&. C/+5&34 '? >/44 3+ ?3+53&' '? 3'?='?'5 /?>'5. R>/44 '? ?354 ++3+5+  =&=35& & '>34 =4& &+ =3 ?/5 &'+3+5 & '>'5 & 5 +5;43+'5 3' 3  3+ =4&? & +/;?3*3+3&' 5& &  /5 /'? >'4 +/=*3+3&' &@ 4&'> +=343? & 5'34 43'+ K/33'> +=34 53'3'>! =3' & @'&4?> & /5 /'? >'4 +/=*3+3&' +=34 ++3>''5+ '? 5+@ '?

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W& ?& '&5 ?*&5 20 ='5 & 53 &/+ &@? 3'  &@ @ 5& 53*353+ 3  '&5 ?354 '? 4&+4 45? 5& 5 =&' & 5 &@+ ?+3;? 3' =>=+ 1!2! '? , ;&*.

S35 '>3' =5353&'+ ?/53+ '? +=&'+3;34353+  + &44&+ 1) 5& +/==4 5 K/3? '? &'53'/&/+ +5 5& 44 &'+/3'> /'35+ 5 3'3/ &+5! 2) 5& +/=*3+! @! '? &'35& '=&  &@'+3= + 44 + &=53&' & ;&34 '? ++&3+! ,) 5& *4/5 =&' & 3' '? '=&! ") 5& &44&-/= +/==4 & +5 '? &5 534+ & /4! ) 5& 53' ' =4&+ & 53* '? +5 34 &@3'>! 6) &'? =5+ '? +/==43+ =/++! 7) 5& &'?  =+&''4 53&'+ +/ + =&&53&' &  ?3+3=43' 53&'! ) 5& @ 5 & 5 ;&34! ?5! '? +&5'! >'5 +&5' 3 ;&'? ?'++ 4335! <) 3=4'5 34 ?&+3'> '? 10) =& &5 5+@ + K/3? ; 5 +/=3& & 53 5& 53. T &>&3'> '/53&'+ =53/44 35+ 1! 2! ,! ! '? 7 344/+55+ 55 =5353&' +  '>34 +5. H3+ ?/53+ '? +=&'+3;34353+ &'& 5& 5 ?3'353&' &  ; &  '>34 +5 /'? 5 3=4'53'> /4+. 5353&' +/=*3+? 5 '>3'3'> +53&' & 5 +5 =4'5 ;&34. H3+ &@ 3'*&4*? &*+3'> 5 &=53&' & 5 3'+ '? 5 =&' & 5 &@+ 3' 5 '>3'3'> +53&'. T+ &@+ '++34 K/3+ 5 /+ & ?3+53&' '? 3'?='?'5 /?>'5 5& '+/ 5 =&=  /'53&'3'> & 5 +5 =4'5 ;&34. A+ +/=*3+& =5353&' 3+ ??  ; & 5 '>34 +5. O' 5 ;+3+ & 5 &>&3'>! 5 C&/5 3'?+ '& /3+?353&' 5& ? &*53 = '? =3/  = & +5 ?+ 5& =5353&'. 5353&' DENIED.

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Le9-e I Elec-ric C((pera-i*e Inc *s. LEYECO I E5pl(9ees $ni(n+AL$ GR N( %<0004< Fac-s O' A=34 6! 1<<! =5353&' '? +=&'?'5 '5? 3'5&  C&4453* B>3'3'> A>'5 (CBA) &*3'> =5353&' '@-'?-34 =4&+! &  =3&? & 3* () + 53* #'/ 1! 1<<. O' #/' 7! 2000! +=&'?'5! 5&/> 35+ R>3&'4 V3-+3?'5! V3'5 . C+34'! +'5  455 5&  =5353&' ?'?3'> &43? = & 44 =4&+! + =&*3?? & 3' 5 CBA. O' #/' 20! 2000!  =5353&'! 5&/> 35+ 4>4 &/'+4! +'5  455-=4 5& C+34'! =43'3'> 55 5 =/+3'> 44 *34;4 = +43=+! 35 &/'? 55 35 ? =3? 44 =4&+ 44 5 &43? =+ '/5? 3' 5 CBA. A5 /+53'> 5 =&?/+ & 5 >3*' 3'! 5 =53+ >? 5& +/;35 5 3++/+ & 5 3'5=553&' '? 3=4'553&' & S53&' 2! A534 VIII & 5 CBA &' 5 ='5 & &43?  =! & ;3553&' & 5 N53&'4 C&'34353&' '? M?353&' B&? (NCMB)! R>3&'4 O3 N&. VIII 3' T4&;' C35. T =53+  K/3? 5& +/;35 53 +=53* =&+353&' ==+! 5 3 5 ?3+=/5 + +/;355? & ?3+3&'. O' M 1! 2001! V&4/'5 A;355& A'5&'3& C. L&=! #. '??  D3+3&' 3' *& &  +=&'?'5! &4?3'> =5353&' 43;4 & ='5 & /'=3? &43?+ & 1<< 5& 2000 3' 5 +/ &  1!0"!,<,.07. O' A=34 11! 2001! =5353&' 34?  M&53&' & R&'+3?53&' ;/5 35 + ?'3? ; 5 V&4/'5 A;355& 3'  R+&4/53&' ?5? #/' 17! 2002. 5353&' 3*? +3? R+&4/53&' &' #/' 27! 2002. T35 ?+ 45! & &' #/4 27! 2002! =5353&' 34?  5353&' & C53&3 3' 5 CA. I'  R+&4/53&' ?5? S=5; "! 2002! 5 CA ?3+3++? &/53>5 =5353&'+ 5353&' & C53&3 &  ?&=53'>  &'> &? & ==4. 5353&' 34?  M&53&' & R&'+3?53&' ;/5 35 + ?'3? ; 5 CA 3'  R+&4/53&' ?5? F;/ 2! 200,.

Iss2e W5 & '&5  =5353&' & 53&3 /'? R/4 6 & 5 R/4+ & C&/5 3'+5? & R/4 ", 3+ =&=. W5 & '&5 5 V&4/'5 A;355& >*4 ;/+? 35+ ?3+53&' 3' >3*3'>  +535 & 4354 3'5=553&' & 5 CBA =&*3+3&'+ 55 5 &43? = ; 45? 3' 5 =&44 +43=+.

Hel, I.

N>53*

A *&4/'5 ;355&! 5 53'> +&44 & 3'  ='4! '&+ 3' 4 5 +55/+ &  K/+3-/?334 >' '! 3+ ?3+3&'+ '? ?+  ==4;4 5& 5 CA. T3+ 3+ +& ;/+ 5 ?+ &  *&4/'5 ;355&+ ;& 3'4 '? /5& /=&' 5 4=+ & 5 =3&? 5& ==4 '? +3' 53  ?+ ?53' 5 3>5+ & =53+! 53 ?3+3&'+ * 5 + 5 + /?>'5+ &  &/5. T&! 5 =&= ? & ' ? &  *&4/'5 ;355& 3+  =5353&' & *3 5& 5 CA! &44&3'> R*3+? A?3'3+553* C3/4 N&. 1-<! 3 =&*3?? &  /'3& =&?/ &  ==445 *3 & 44 ?/?353&'+ & K/+3-/?334 '5353+ T3+ &/4? ; 3' /5' &! '? &'+3+5'5 35! 5 &3>3'4 =/=&+ & C3/4 N&. 1-<1 5&  =&*3?  /'3& =&?/ & 5 ==445 *3 & ?/?353&'+ & 44 K/+3-/?334 '5353+ '&5 =++4 =5? & 5 &*> & S. < & B.. 12< ; 35 5 C&'+535/53&' & '&5 +55/5.  N& 344 35 /' &/'5 5& 5 4>3+453* 3'5'?'5 55 ?3+3&'+ & 5 NLRC ; *3;4 ?354  ; 5 S/= C&/5 +3'! =3+4! 5 ++ 353' 5 ?/?353* &=5' & 5 *&4/'5 ;355&  4/?? & 5 /3+?353&' & 5 NLRC & 5 4;& ;35.

Page125of153 T/+! 5 >'4 /4 3+ 55 5 =&= ? & ?3+3&'+ & *&4/'5 ;355&+ 3+  =5353&' & *3 /'? R/4 ", & 5 R/4+ & C&/5.  N&'54++!  +=34 3*34 53&' & 53&3 /'? R/4 6 & 5 R/4+ & C&/5 3+ 5 =&=  ? & &' & &=43'+ 55 5 53;/'4! ;&? & &3 3+3'> /?334 & K/+3-/?334 /'53&'+ 5? 3' 5&54 ?3+>? & *3?' 534 5& & ?3+3* & 5 &'5&*+. I' ??353&'! 34 5 +554? /4 3+ 55 ' 3'?='?'5 53&' & 53&3  ; *34? & &'4 ' 5 3+ '& ==4 & ' =43'! +=? '? ?K/5 ? 3' 5 &?3' &/+ & 4 '? 53&3 3+ '&5  +/;+535/5 & 5 4=+? ? & ==4! 5    +3>'33'5 =53&'+ ' 5 5&?3' ? & 53&3  ; +&5? 5& ?+=35 5 *34;3435 & ' ==4! '4: () ' =/;43 4 '? 5 ?*''5 & =/;43 =&43 ?355 (;) ' 5 ;&? 3'5+5+ &   /+53 +& K/3 () ' 5 35+ 3++/?  '/44 '? (?) ' 5 K/+53&'? &? &/'5+ 5& ' &==++3* 3+ & /?334 /5&35. I' 53+ +! 34 5 =5353&' + 34? &' #/4 27! 2002! 1 ?+ 5 #/4 12! 2002! 5 =353&' & 5 1-? >4'5 =3&? & 343'> ' ==4 /'? R/4 ",! 5 ;&? 3'5+5+ & /+53 '5 453&' & 5 /4+ &' =&?/. B+3?+! =5353&' 44>+ 55 5 V&4/'5 A;355&+ &'4/+3&'+ * '& ;+3+ 3' 5 '? 3' 4 '! 5 =5353&' +&/4? '&5 ; ?3+3++? &' =&?/4 >&/'?+. II.

A353*

S/ 4354 3'5=553&' 3>'&+ 5 ?3++3&' & +=&'?'5 3' 35+ &+353&' = 55 5 =4&+  =3? 44 5 ?+ & 5 &'5 *' 3 '&5 &@?. I' 43>5 & +/ ?3++3&'!  =5353&'+ +/;3++3&' & 35+ ,60 ?3*3+& 3' 5 &=/553&' & =4&+ +43+ >3'+ +3>'33'. T ?3*3+& ++/+ ' 3=&5'5 &4 3' ?53'3'> 5 & '&5 &43? = 3+ 4? 3'4/?? 3' 5 &'54 =3? =4&+ +4 '? 3' 5 &=/553&' & 3+ ?34 5. I' 53+ +! 5 =4&+  K/3? 5& &@ &'4 & M&'? 5& F3?. T/+! 5 3'3/ 44&;4 ?3*3+& 3+ 26,! 3 3+ 3*? 5 ; ??/53'> 1 /'-&@? S/'?+ '? 1 /'-&@? S5/?+ & ,6 ?+. C&'+3?3'> 55 =5353&' /+? 5 ,60-? ?3*3+&! 3 3+ 44 ;&* 5 3'3/! 3'?/;35;4! =5353&'+ =4&+  ;3'> >3*' 53 &43? =.

T/+! 5 V&4/'5 A;355& +&/4? '&5 * +3=4 ;/+? +3? =5353&'+ ?3*3+& &/4. I' >'53'> +=&'?'5+ 43 & '&'-='5 & &43? =!  ?&/;4 ;/?' + 3=&+? /=&'  =5353&' ;/+ 35 + ;3'> ? 5& = 53 & 35+ =4&+ &43? = ' ='5 5&  ? 4? ;' 3'4/?? 3' 5 &=/553&' & 53 &'54 +43+. M&&*! 35 3+ ;+/? 5& >'5 +=&'?'5+ 43 & '&'-='5 ' 5 3' 5 ?355? 55 5  ;3'> =3? 44 & 5 ?+ & 5 &'5 *' 3 '&5 &@?. B >'53'> +=&'?'5+ 43! 5 V&4/'5 A;355& +'53&'? /'/+5 '3'5 3' *& & 5 +=&'?'5 '? /+? /'/+5 3''34 ;/?' 5& 5 =5353&'. O;*3&/+4! 5 C&/5 ''&5 44& 53+. W34 5 C&'+535/53&' 3+ &355? 5& 5 =&43 & +&34 /+53 '? 5 =&553&' & 5 &@3'> 4++! 35 +&/4? '&5 ; +/==&+? 55 * 4;& ?3+=/5 &/4? /5&5344 ; ?3?? 3' *& &  4;&. M'>'5 4+& + 35 &' 3>5+ 3! + +/!  '5354? 5& +=5 '? '&'5 3' 5 3'5+5 & +3=4 3 =4. O/5 & &'' & 5&+ 35 4++ =3*34>+ 3' 43! 53+ C&/5 + 3'43'? & &5' 5' '&5 5&? 5 &@ '? /=4? 3+ /+ 3' 3+ &'435+ 35 5 =4&. S/ *&353+! &*! + '&5 ;43'?? /+ 5& 5 /4 55 /+53 3+ 3' * + & 5 ?+*3'>! 5& ; ?3+='+? 3' 5 43>5 & 5 +5;43+? 5+ '? 5 ==43;4 4 '? ?&53'.

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Ba6ia S6ippin Ser*ices *s. C62a GR N(. %@3%<1 April /1 3&&/ Fac-s 3*5 +=&'?'5 R'4?& C/ + 3? ; 5 =5353&' +3==3'> &='! B3 S3==3'> S*3+! I'.! +  +5/'5 35 &' ;&?  4// /3+ +3= 43' MS B4@ W5 =/+/'5 5&  343==3' O*++ E=4&'5 A?3'3+553&' (OEA) ==&*? =4&'5 &'55 ?5? O5&;  4'? 5& ;&? 5 +3? + *++4   344 ; ++3>'? 5& &@. O' F;/ 1! 1<<7! 5 =3*5 +=&'?'5 =&5? & 3+ &@3'> +553&' &' '? &'-4 (1_) &/+ 45. O' F;/ 17! 1<<7! 5 +5 & 5 *++4 +*? 5& 5 =3*5 +=&'?'5 ' &334 '3'>-53'53&' & =53'3'> 5& 5 +3? 3'3?'5. O' M ! 1<<7! 5 *++4+ +5! +3= =53' T& F45' &'?/5? ' 3'K/3+35&34 3'> 5& 3'*+53>5 5 +3? 3'3?'5. T5! &' M 5 & ' /'+3>'? '? /'?5? '&53 & ?3+3++4. A' 44>? &? & 3'/5+ & 5 +3? 3'*+53>53&' + 55? 5& 5 +3? ?3+3++4 '&53. O' M 2"! 1<<7! 5 =3*5 +=&'?'5 34?  &=43'5 & 344>4 ?3+3++4 '? &5 &'5 43+.

Iss2e W5 & '&5 5 CA 5? =&=4 3' 453'> 5 LA '? NLRC+ ?3+3&' ' 35 + '&5 K/+53&'? ; +=&'?'5. W5 & '&5 3' 5 &=/553&' & 5 ?! +=&'?''5+ >/'5? &*53 = +&/4? ; 3'4/?? + =5 & 3+ +4.

Hel, 1. A353* I5 ;3'> +554? 55 5 ?3+3++4 & +=&'?'5 + 344>4! 35 &44&+ 55 5 455 3+ '5354? 5&  ='5 & 3+ +4 & 5 /'=3? =&53&' & 3+ &'55! + =&*3?? /'? R=/;43 A5 (R.A.)  N&. 0"2! &'+3?3'> 55 3+ =4&'5 + =-53'5? &' M 5 =3&? M '5 3+ ?? 5& * K/3+? 5& 35 '? ' '& 4&'> &;53' & 5 ==445 &/5 ' 353* 43 &5 55 5 + 4? >'5? /'?  +3? /?>'5..H&*! ' +535 ?' 5& +/ 5'34 /4 344 3=3  +/;+5'53* 3>5! +/ + 55 & ' 344>44 ?3+3++? =4& 5& &'5 &='+53&' + =&*3?? ; 4! 5' K/35 ?355+ 55 5 C&/5 +5 +3? 5 /4 5& =* 5  &  /44 '? /+5 ?/?353&' & 5 +. T C&/5 & A==4+ 3+ 3;/? 35 +/33'5 /5&35 '? ?3+53&' 5& *3 55+! '&5 &53+ ++3>'? + &+ &' ==4! 3 35 3'?+ 55 53 &'+3?53&' 3+ '++ 3' 3*3'> 5 

Page128of153 &=45 '? /+5 +&4/53&' & 5 + & 5& +* 5 3'5+5+ & /+53 & 5& *&3? ?3+='+3'>  =34 /+53. S53&' 10 & R.A. N&. 0"2! '5354+ ' &*++ &@ & + ;' 344>44 ?3+3++? 5& 3+ +43+ & 5 /'=3? =&53&' & 5 =4&'5 &'55 & & 5 (,) &'5+ & *  &  5 /'=3? 5! 3* 3+ 4++. T +&'? &=53&' 3 3=&++  5 &'5+ J +4 = ==43+ &'4 ' 5 5 & 5 &*++ &'55 3+ 3? 5 &'  & 4&'> &53+! 5 3+5 &=53&' ==43+ 3' 55 5 &*++ &@ +44 ; '5354? ='5 & 44 3+ +43+ & 5 '53 /'=3? =3&? & 3+ &'55. I' S@3==+ 33! I'. *. M3! 3' 5 &*++ &'55 3'*&4*? + &'4 & +3 &'5+! 5 C&/5 4? 55 35 3+ 5 3+5 &=53&' =&*3?? /'? S53&' 10 & R.A. N&. 0"2 3 3+ ==43;4 3' 55 5 &*++ &@ & + 344>44 ?3+3++? 3+ '5354? 5& ='5 & 44 3+ +43+ &*3'> 5 '53 /'=3? =3&? & 3+ &'55. T CA &355? '& & 3' ?3'> 5& 5 =*343'> 3'5=553&' & S53&' 10 & R.A. N&. 0"2. 2. N>53* A45&/> ' &*++ =4&'5 &'55  >/'5 5 3>5 5& &*53 =! '5354'5 5& +/ ;'35 /+5 3+5 ; +5;43+?! &53+ 5 + ''&5 ; 44&?. H'! 35 ;3'> 3=&;;4 55 +=&'?'5 '?? &*53 &@ ?/3'> 5 /'=3? 5 & 3+ &'55! 5 3'4/+3&' & 3+ >/'5? &*53 = 3'5& 3+ &'54 +4 + ;+3+ 3' 5 &=/553&' & 3+ +43+ & 5 '53 /'=3? =3&? & 3+ &'55 + '& 5/4 & 4>4 ;+3+ '? 5 + +&/4? * ;' ?3+44&?.

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PNCC S9?a9 Tra::ic Manae5en- an, Sec2ri-9 Di*isi(n !(rs Orani)a-i(n GR N( %0%3"%1 Fe8r2ar9 %01 3&%& Fac-s 5353&' NCC S@ C&=&53&' T3 M'>'5 '? S/35 D3*3+3&' W&@+ O>'353&' (STMSDWO) 3+  4;& /'3&' ?/4 >3+5? 35 5 D=5'5 & L;&  '? E=4&'5 (DOLE). R+=&'?'5 NCC S@ C&=&53&' 3+  &=&53&' ?/4 &>'3? '? &=53'> /'? '? ; *35/ & 5 4+ & 5 343==3'+. T '5? 3'5& CBA. =53''5 =&*3+3&'+  + &44&+:

ARTICLE III ACATION LEAE AND SIC LEAE S53&' 1. V53&' L*. 8;9 T  &=' +44 +?/4 5 *53&' 4* & =4&+ ?/3'> 5  5@3'> 3'5& &'+3?53&' 5 K/+5 & =' & 5 =4&+. NCC 5' 5?  +?/4 & 4*+ & 53 =4&+. 5353&' &;5? 5& 5 3=4'553&' &  5 +3? &'?/. I5 3'+3+5? 55 5 3'?3*3?/4 ;+ & 5 /'3&' * 5 3>5 5& +?/4 53 *53&' 4*. I5 &=3'? 55 5 /'3454 +?/43'> & 5 =4&+ *53&' 4* + ?&' 5& *&3? 5 &'5353&' & 53 *53&' 4* 3' D; 200".

Iss2e WON 5 NCC + 5 +&4 ?3+53&' 5& +?/4 5 *53&' 4*+ & 35+ =4&+.

Hel, YES. 5353&' 3'+3+5? 55 53 /'3&' ;+ * 5 =' 3' +?/43'> 53 *53&' 4*. O' 5 &5 '?! +=&'?'5 >/? 55 A534 VIII! S53&' 1 (;) >3*+ 5 '>'5 5 3'4 + >?3'> 5 *53&' 4* +?/4 & 35+ =4&+. R+=&'?'5  5@ 3'5& &'+3?53&' 5 =4&+ =? +?/4!;/5 5 + 3+ '&5 &'5&443'>. T /4 3+ 55  5 4'>/> &  &'55 3+ =43' '? /';3>/&/+! 35+ '3'> +&/4? ; ?53'? 35&/5 ' 5& 53'+3 5+ & 3?+. T 3'5'53&' & 5 =53+ /+5 ; >5? & 55 4'>/>! '? & 55 4'>/> 4&'. S55? ?3'54!  5 4'>/> &  355' &'55 3+ 4 '? /';3>/&/+! 5 &'55 /+5 ; 5@' 5& ' 55 3! &' 35+ ! 35 =/=&5+ 5& '! /'4++ +& >&&? +&' ' ; ++3>'? 5& +& 55 5 &?+ /+? +&/4? ; /'?+5&&? 3'  ?3'5 +'+.

I' 5 + 5 ;! 5 &'5+5? =&*3+3&' & 5 CBA 3+ 4 '? /'K/3*&4. A534 VIII! S53&' 1 (;) & 5 CBA 5>&344 =&*3?+ 55 5 +?/43'> & *53&' 4* +44 ; /'? 5 &=53&' &  5 =4&. T/+! 3 5 5+ &  CBA  4 '? 4* '& ?&/;5 /=&' 5 3'5'53&' & 5 &'553'> =53+! 5 4354 '3'> & 35+ +53=/453&' +44 =*34. I' 3'! 5 CBA /+5

Page130of153  ; +5354 ?? 5& '? +=5? 3 35+ '?+ * 5& ; 3*?! ;3'> 5 4 ;5' 5 =53+. I' F/45 A++&353&' & M=/ I'+535/5 & T'&4&> (FAMIT) *. C&/5 & A==4+! 53+ C&/5 4? 55 5 CBA ?/3'> 35+ 4353 ;3'?+ 44 5 =53+. T =&*3+3&'+ & 5 CBA /+5 ; +=5? +3' 35+ 5+ '? &'?353&'+ &'+535/5 5 4 ;5' 5 =53+. T =53+ ''&5 ; 44&? 5& '> 5 5+ 5 >? /=&' &' 5 >&/'? 55 5 +  '&5 *&;4 5& 5. T =/=&+ &  *53&' 4* 3+ 5& &?  4;&  ' 5& >5  /-'?? +5 5& =4'3+ 3+ &'-&/5 '> '? K/3  ' *35435 5& ';4 3 5& 33'54 =& 3+ ?/53+! '? '&5 4 5& >3* 3 ??353&'4 +4 '? ;&/'5. A&?3'>4! 5 *53&' 4* =3*34> + '&5 3'5'?? 5& +* + ??353&'4 +4!;/5 +  '&'- &'5 ;'35. T& >3* 5 =4&+ 5 &=53&' '&5 5& &'+/ 35 35 5 3 & &'*53'> 35 5& + 5 5 '? & 5  &/4? ?5 5 * =/=&+ & *53&' 4*. I'??! 5 /4535/? & +35 & =+&''4 ''3'> 5 5&44+ +&/4? '&5 +5 /=&' 5 &=53&' & 5 =4&+! + 5 =/;43 /+3'> 5 +@ ++5 +&/4? ; ++/? & 35+ +5! +/35 '? &'*'3'. 5353&'+ &'5'53&' 55 4;& &'55+ +&/4? ; &'+5/? 3' *& & 5 4;& 3+ 35&/5 ;+3+ '?! 5&! 3'==43;4 5& 5 =+'5 +. T3+ /4 & &'+5/53&' ?&+ '&5 ;'35  =5353&'+ ;/+! + +55?! 5 3+  '& && & 3'5=553&'. S3' 5 CBA 3+ 4 '? /';3>/&/+! 35+ 5+ +&/4? ; 3=4'5? + 5  355'.

Page131of153

Ra,i( Min,ana( Ne-?(r1 Inc. An, Eric S. Can(91 "s. D(5in( K. Y8ar(la1 'r. An, Al:(ns( E. Ri*era1 'r.1 QG.R. N(. %/@@3. Sep-e58er %31 3&%3. Fac-s R+=&'?'5+ D&3'>& %. Y;&4! #. '? A4&'+& E. R3*! #.  3? &' #/' 1! 1<77 '? #/' 1! 1<,! +=53*4! ; R?3& M3'?'& N5&@ (RMN). T *'5/44 ; &/'5 '>+! +&43353'> ?*53+'5+ '? +*33'> *3&/+ 43'5+ & RMN. O' S=5; 1! 2002! 5 +=&'?'5+ +*3+  53'5? +  +/45 & RMN+ &>'353&'+5/5/3'> 5  >3*' 53 +=53&' = Q 6,1!20.00 & Y;&4! '? "1!20.00 & R3*. S&53 3' D; 2002! 5 /5? 4+K/3543 3?*35+. D3++53+3? 35 53 +=53&' =! 5 +=&'?'5+ 34? +=5 &=43'5+ (3  45  &'+&43?5?) >3'+5 RMN '? 35+ +3?'5! E3 S. C'&! & 344>4 ?3+3++4 35 +*4 &' 43+! 3'4/?3'> 55&'+ +. T 3'?35? 55 53 &'54 +4 5+  60!000.00 & Y;&4 '? "0!000.00 & R3*.

Iss2e W5 5 &/'5+ 5 +=&'?'5+ 3*? =+'5?  3 '? +&';4 +554'5 & 53  43+

Hel, T =5353&'+ 3'+3+5 55 5 +=&'?'5+ &3++3&'+  '&5 =5 & 53 +43+! ;/+ 5 34? 5& =+'5 =&& 55 5 '? 5 &3++3&' ?/ 5& 5/4 @5 5'+53&'+ 553;/5;4 5& 5. T +/;35 55 5 &3++3&'+  =&35-+3'> ='5+ 3 ?& '&5 & =5 & 53 +43+. !e are n(- c(n*ince,. I 5+ &3++3&'+ ? ;' 44 =&35-+3'> ;&'/++ 5& 5 +=&'?'5+! 5 +&/4? * 3*? 5 + &/'5+! 5! + 5 NLRC 35+4 '&5?! Y;&4 '? R3* 3*? ,72!17,.11 '? 6!<<.0 &3++3&'+! +=53*4! 3' 2002. T *3' 3' &/'5+ 5 +=&'?'5+ 3*? + &3++3&'+ +/==&5+ 5 CA+ 3'?3'> 55 5 +4 +5/5/ & 5 +=&'?'5+ + +/ 55 5 &'4 3*?  3'34 &/'5 + >/'5? >  >5 =5 & 53 3'& + ?3*? & 5 &3++3&'+ 5 >5 & +&43353'> ?*53+'5+ 5+ ?*53+'5+  5 =&?/5+ 5 +44. A+ 5 CA =54 '&5?! 53+ @3'? & +4 +5/5/ ?&+ '&5 ?55 & 5 5 & 5 &3++3&'+  ;3'> =5 & 5 +4 & > =3? 5& 5 =4&+ & +*3+ '?? 5& 5 &='! + 5 C&/5 4? 3' &%ilippine =uplicators, Inc. v. 0L$C. T =5353&'+ 43' &' &/ /43'> 3'  alam v. 0ational Labor $elations Commission ! >?3'> 5 =&= ==353&' & K/3543+! + 5 =/5 35! 3+ 3+=4?. W34 T4! 3' 5 35? +! '? Y;&4 '? R3*! 3' 53+ +!  '&5 /'455? =4&+! 53 +35/53&'+ ?3 3' 44 &5 +=5+. I' alam! 5 =4& 3*?  *4/;4 &'+3?53&' & 3+ 4++ 5' 5& + & +*3 35 5 &='  + '&5 +&5'>? '? '& ++'534 /'3'++ 5&&@ =4. I' 53+ +! + 5 CA '&5?! 5 +=53&' = 5 +=&'?'5+  3*? + ?33'5 ; 5 4+5 "00!000.00 5/+! 5  >3*' &'4 4 & 5 &/'5 5  4>44 '5354? 5&. T& ; +/!  +554'5 /'? 5+ 5+ 3+ '&5 '? ''&5 ;  +&';4 &'! >3*' +=344 5 +=&'?'5+ 4'>5 & +*3 Q 2 + & Y;&4 '? 1< + & R3*. T CA + &5 ' 35 &=3'? 55 5 +=&'?'5+  3' ?3 +535+ ' 5 /5? 5 4+K/3543 3?*35+. W35&/5 &;+ '? 35 343+ 5& +/==&5! 5  ?443? 3' /53'> 5 K/3543 3'+5/'5! ;/5  *'5/44 &? 5& +3>' >3*' 53 3/+5'+.

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R(8ina Far5 Ce82$ni*ersal R(8ina C(rp(ra-i(n1 pe-i-i(ner1 *s. Eli)a8e-6 illa1 resp(n,en-. Fac-s R+=&'?'5 E43;5 V344 ;&/>5 >3'+5 5 =5353&'  &=43'5 & 344>4 +/+='+3&'! 344>4 ?3+3++4! '&'='5 & &*53 =! '? '&'='5 & +*3 3''53* 4* = 3' 5 R>3&'4 A;3553&' B' N&. VII & 5 NLRC 3' C;/ C35 V344 *? 55 + ? ;' =4&? ; =5353&' R&;3' F+ + +4+ 4@ +3' A/>/+5 1<1 55 3' 5 45 =5 & 2001! 5 =5353&' ? '53?  5& *34 +4 & 5 &='+ +=34 53'5 =&> 55 &' M 2! 2002! + ? 3*?  &'?/ & L34 N>&/ K/33'>  5& =43'  34/ 5& 3++/ 3'*&3+ & /'5? >>+ 3' 5 &'5+ & #'/ 5& F;/ 2002 55 + ? =43'? 55 5 3'*&3+  '&5 ?43*? &' 53 ;/+ 5 ?43* 3=5+  ?4? '? &*4&&@? 55 ?+=35  =4'53&'! + ? ;' +/+='?? & 10 ?+ & M ! 2012 /'534 M 1 ;@ 5& &@! + ? ;' ?*3+? 5& + &@3'> ;/+  ==4353&' & 53'5 ? 4? ;' ==&*? 55 + ? ;' +/;+K/'54 3'&? 55   ==4353&' ? ;' ?3+==&*?! '? ? 5' ;' ?*3+? 5& 5'?  +3>'53&' 35  K/+5 &  3''34 ++3+5' T =5353&' ?355? 55 V344 ? ;' 35+ +4+ 4@ 5 R&;3' F+. I5 +55? 55 &' D; 12! 2001! + ? ==43? & 53'5 /'? 5 +=34 =3*34> =&> &? 5& 35+ =4&+ 3' B/4' '? A'53=&4& & ? +*? & 5 4+5 10 + 55 3' F;/ 2002!  55'53&' ? ;' 44? ; A'35 G;5' & 5 &/'53'> ?=5'5 5& =43'  34/ 5& 3++/ 3'*&3+ & 5 /'5? >>+ & 5 &'5 & F;/ 55 + ? =43'? 55 + ? ;' ;/+ 55 G;5' ? ? 5 55 5& F4&;5 %'&3 & ? 3' 5/' 4? 5 55 5& N>&/ '? 55 5 455  ? 5' >3*' V344 5 ' 5& =43'! 3 + ?3?. T =5353&' ??? 55 5 5 ?3'3+553* 3'> V344 + &/'? 5& * *3&45? 5 &=' /4 &' 5 534 3++/' & 5 3'*&3+ 55 5 +*3'> 5 +/+='+3&'! + ? 5/'? 5& &@ '? ? &44&? /=  ==4353&' & 53'5 35 L/3' ? G/'! & ? 5' 3'&?   55 5 '>'5 ?3? '&5 ==&* 5 ;'35 K/3*4'5 5& 6 &  +4 5 ==43? &! ;/5 &'4 12 &'5 & *  & +*3 '? 55 ?3+==&3'5? 35 5 &/5&! + ? 5' ;&/>5  &=43'5 >3'+5 5 =5353&'+

ISS$E WHETHER OR NOT VILLA WAS ILLEGALLY DISMISSED AFTER HER ALICATION FOR  RETIREMENT LAN

R$LING  N35 ?3? V344+ ==4353&' & 4 53'5 '3+5  3'5'53&' 5& +* 5 =4&=4& 453&'+3=. A45&/> + ==43? & 4 53'5! + ?3? +& /=&' 5 ;43 55 + &/4? 3*  3> ;'35 5 ;+? &' 5 =5353&'+ &. A+ +/!  &'+'5 5& ; 53? &/4? '&5 ; 34 ?? 5& * ;' @'&3'>4 '? 4 >3*'. R53'5 3+ 5 +/45 &  ;3454 5 & ;&5 5 =4& '? 5 =4& ;+? &' 53 *&4/'5 >'5 55 /=&' 3'>  53' >! 5 =4& >+ 5& +* 3+ =4&'5. I' + & 4 53'5 =&>+! 5 & & ;'35+ /+5 ; 53' 34 =5' 5& ; 53? +&/4? ; ;+&4/5. T =5353&' =&+35+ 55 5 CA &'&/+4 3? 5 >3*3'> & &*53 = '? +*3 3''53* 4* = 5& V344 55 + ?3? '&5 ??/ =&& &  *3'> '?? 5/4 &*53 &@ 55 + ? '&5 ;' /5&3? 5& '? &*53 &@ '? 55  *34'5 & *53&' '? +3@ 4*+ 55 ? ;' =3? =4/??  433'> 5 +*3 3''53* 4* =.

Page133of153 T3+ C&/5 /4+ '5354'5 5& &*53 = /+5 3+5 ; +5;43+? ; =&& 55 5 &*53 &@ + 5/44 =&? ;& 5 =4&  =&=4 43 5 ;'35. T ;/?' & =&*3'> '5354'5 5& &*53 = +5+ &' 5 =4& ;/+ 5 ;'35 3+ '&5 3'/? 3' 5 '&4 &/+ &   ;/+3'++. F34/ 5& =&* +/ 5/4 =&' 5'+>+++ 5 =3'3=4+ & 3 =4 '? K/35. A'?! +&'?4! 5 NLRC+ 43' &' 5 ?34 53 &?+ (DTR+) +&3'> 55 V344 ? +5? 3' 5 &='+ =3++ ;&'? 3>5 &/+ + 3+=4?. A+ 5& 5 >'5 & +*3 3''53* 4* =! 45&/> 5 >'5 & *53&' & +3@ 4* 35 = & 5 4+5 3* ?+ &/4? ; ?35? + &=43' 35 5 ?/5 5& = +*3 3''53* 4*! 5 =4& 3+ +5344 &;43>? 5& =&* 55 35 /44 =3? 5 /? +*3 3''53* 4* = 5& 5 =4&.

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OTHER SPECIAL BENEFITS ROGELIO REYES1 &etitioner ! v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION1 Fi:-6 Di*isi(n1 an, $NIERSAL ROBINA CORPORATION GROCERY DIISION1  $espondents. Fac-s 5353&' + =4&? +  +4+' 5 =3*5 +=&'?'5+ G& D3*3+3&' 3' D*& C35 &' A/>/+5 12! 1<77. H + *'5/44 ==&3'5? + /'35 '> & S4+ D=5'5-S&/5 M3'?'& D3+535!  =&+353&'  4? /'534 3+ 53'5 &' N&*; ,0! 1<<7. , T5!  3*?  455  >?3'> 5 &=/553&' & 3+ +=53&' =! =3'> 3 200! ,22.21 =+&+. T &=/553&' 3+ =/+/'5 5& C&=' =&43 '? =53. I'+3+53'> 55 3+ 53'5 ;'35+ '? 1,5 &'5 = /+5 ; ;+? &' 5 *> &'54 +4 & "2!766.1 &'54 &3++3&'! =5353&' /+? 5& =5 5 @  3++/? ; =3*5 +=&'?'5 3' 5 &/'5 & 200!,22.21. 6I'+5?!  34?  &=43'5 ;& 5 ;3553&' ;' & 5 NLRC & 53'5  ;'35+! 1,5 &'5 =! 5 /'?! '? +3@ '? *53&' 4*+! 3''34 ++3+5'! +*3 3''53* 4* =! ?>+ '? 55&'+ +. 7 O' M 1! 1<< 55 +4+ &3++3&' 3+ =5 & 5 ;+3 +4 &  /'35 '>. O' ==4! 5 NLRC &?33? 5 ?3+3&' & 5 L;& A;35 ; 4/?3'> 5 &*3?3'> &3++3&' 3' 5 &=/553&' & 5 53'5 ;'35+ '? 1,5 &'5 = '? ?45? 5 ? &  55&'+ +.

ISS$E WHETHER OR NOT THE AVERAGE MONTHLY SALES COMMISSION OF THIRTY ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED FORTY SI AND <7100 (= ,1!"6.<7) SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE COMUTATION OF HIS RETIREMENT BENEFITS AND 1,5 MONTH AY.10 5353&' &'5'?+ 55 5 &3++3&'+ & =5 & 5 ;+3 +4! 353'> 5 + & 343==3' D/=435&+! I'. *. N53&'4 L;& R453&'+ C&3++3&'! 11 3' 5 C&/5 4? 55 &3++3&'+ '?  ; +4+' & =5 & 53 ;+3 +4.12 3*5 +=&'?'5 &/'5+ 55 =5353&' @' 55 5 &*3?3'> &3++3&' 3+ '&5 3'4/?? 3' 5 ;+3 +4 ;/+ 35 ? '&5 ;' &'+3?? + +/ &  4&'> 53 3' 5 &=/553&' & 5 1,5 &'5 =! 4* &3++3&'+! ;+'+ '? 5?3'++. 5353&' 3+4 +55? 3' 5 &=43'5 55 3+  ;+3 +4 3+ 10!<1<.22! 5/+!  3+ +5&==? & 433'> &53+. M&&*! 3' B&3-T@? C34+! I'. *. D 4 S'! 1, 5 S/= C&/5 4? 55 5 3? & >/'5? > 3+ =5'54 5  ;+3 +4 & 53+ 3+ 5 5 =4& 3*+ &  +5'?? &@ =3&?! '? 55 &3++3&'+  >3*' & 5 &5+ 5? 3' &'+/53'> +4+ & &5 5'+53&'+. A4+&! 3' S&3'& *. N53&'4 L;& R453&'+ C&3++3&'! 1" 5 C&/5 433? 55 &*3?3'> &3++3&' 3+ '&5 =&=4 3'4/?3;4 3' 5 ;+3 +4 + 35 /+5 ; '? ; 5/4 @5 5'+53&'+ 553;/5;4 5& 5 43'5. T/+! +  /'35 '> & +/=*3+? 5 +4+' /'? 3+ &'5&4 '? ?3? '&5 '5 3'5& 5/4 +4 5'+53&'+!  =5353&'+ &*3?3'> &3++3&'+ /+5 '&5 ; &'+3?? 3' 5 &=/553&' & 5 53'5 ;'35+ '? 1,5 &'5 =.

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R$LING T =5353&' 4@+ 35. A' +3'> 3'&'+3+5'3+ ;5' 343==3' D/=435&+ '? B&3-T@? ? ;' 433? ; 5 C&/5 3' 5 R+&4/53&' ?5? F;/ 1! 1<< 3' 5 343==3' D/=435&+ +. 16 T C&/5 5/+ 433? 55 3' 343==3' D/=435&+! 5 +4+'+ &3++3&'+! &=3+3'>   =-?53'? ='5> & 5 +443'> =3 & 5 >&&?+ +&4? ;  +4+'!  =&=4 3'4/?? 3' 5 5 ;+3 +4 & =/=&++ & &=/53'> 5 1,5 &'5 =. T +4+'+ &3++3&'  '&5 &*53 ='5+! '& =&35-+3'> ='5+ '& ' &5 3'> ;'35! 17 ;/5  =&53&' & 5 +4 +5/5/ 3 =+'5+ ' /5&53 3''5 5& 5 &'5 *4/ 3'35344 ++3>'? 5&  /'35 &  &@ '?? ;  +4+'. 1 C&'534! 3' B&3-T@?! 5 +&-44? &3++3&'+ =3? 5& & 3*? ; ?34 =+'553*+ & B&3-T@? C34+ & ; 5 '@ '? 34 =4&+ & 343==3' F/3 & C&.!  4/?? & 5 5 ;+3 +4 ;/+ 5+  =3? 5& 5 ?34 =+'553*+ '? '@-'?-34 =4&+ + =&?/53*35 ;&'/++! 3  >'44 53? 5& 5 =&?/53*35! & =35 & *'/  =&?/53&'! &  &=&53&' '? +/ ;&'/++ 4&+4 +;4 =&35-+3'> ='5+ '? * '& 4  ?35 & '++ 453&' 5& 5 &/'5 & &@ 5/44 ?&' ;  3'?3*3?/4 =4&. 153*. A534 27 & 5 L;& C&?! + '?? ; R=/;43 A5 N&. 76"1! &53+ @'&' + T N R53'5 L!22 =&*3?+: A5. 27. R53'5. - A' =4&  ; 53? /=&' 3'> 5 53'5 > +5;43+? 3' 5 &4453* ;>3'3'> >'5 & &5 ==43;4 =4&'5 &'55. I' 5 ;+' &  53'5 =4' & >'5 =&*3?3'> & 53'5 ;'35+ & =4&+ 3' 5 +5;43+'5! ' =4& /=&' 3'> 5 > & +35 (60) + & &! ;/5 '&5 ;&'? +35 3* (6) + 3 3+ ; ?4? 5 &=/4+& 53'5 >! & + +*? 5 4+5 3* () + 3' 5 +3? +5;43+'5!  53 '? +44 ; '5354? 5& 53'5 = K/3*4'5 5& 5 4+5 &' 4 (12) &'5 +4 & *  & +*3!  53&' & 5 4+5 +3 (6) &'5+ ;3'> &'+3?? + &' &4 . U'4++ 5 =53+ =&*3? & ;&? 3'4/+3&'+! 5 5 &' 4 (12) &'5 +4 +44 ' 35' (1) ?+ =4/+ &' 545 (112) & 5 1,5 &'5 = '? 5 + K/3*4'5 & '&5 & 5' 3* () ?+ & +*3 3''53* 4*+. A'?! S53&'  & R/4 II & 5 R/4+ I=4'53'> 5 N R53'5 L! =&*3?+: RULE R53'5 B'35+

II

   S53&' . R53'5 B'35+. .1 I' 5 ;+' & ' ==43;4 >'5 & 53'5 =4'! ' =4& & 53+ =/+/'5 5& 5 A5 +44 ; '5354? 5& 53'5 = K/3*4'5 5& 5 4+5 &'-4 (12) &'5 +4 & *  &  +*3!  53&' & 5 4+5 +3 (6) &'5+ ;3'> &'+3?? + &' &4 .

Page136of153 .2 C&=&''5+ & O'-4 (12) M&'5 S4. - F& 5 =/=&+ & ?53'3'> 5 3'3/ 53'5  = ?/ ' =4& /'? 53+ R/4! 5 5 &'-4-&'5 +4 +44 3'4/? 44 5 &44&3'>: () F35' (1) ?+ +4 & 5 =4& ;+? &' 3+ 45+5 +4 5. A+ /+? 3'! 5 5 +4 3'4/?+ 44 /'53&'+ =3? ; ' =4& 5& 3+ =4&+ & +*3+ '?? ?/3'> '&4 &@3'> ?+ '? &/+! 5 +/ ='5+  3? & +53'? &'  53! 5+@! =3 &  &3++3&' ;+3+! & &5 5&? & 4/453'> 5 +! '? 3'4/?+ 5 3 '? +&';4 *4/! + ?53'? ; 5 S5 & L;& '? E=4&'5! & &&?! 4&?>3'>! & &5 34353+ /+5&34 /'3+? ; 5 =4& 5& 3+ =4&+. T 5 ?&+ '&5 3'4/? &+5 & 43*3'> 44&'! =&35+3'> ='5+ '? &5 &'5 ;'35+ 3  '&5 &'+3?? + =5 & & 3'5>5? 3'5& 5 >/4 +4 & 5 =4&+. (;) T + K/3*4'5 & '&5 & 5' 3* () ?+ & +*3 3''53* 4*. () O'-545 & 5 1, &'5 = ?/ 5 =4&. (?) A44 &5 ;'35+ 55 5 =4& '? =4&  > /=&' 55 +&/4? ; 3'4/?? 3' 5 &=/553&' & 5 =4&+ 53'5 =. ( (mp%asis supplied )443; T 534 =&*3?+ & 5& 5=+ & 53'5: () &=/4+& '? (;) &=53&'4. T 3+5 5@+  =4 5 > 6! 34 5 +&'? 3+ =334 ?53'? ; 5 &4453* ;>3'3'> >'5 & &5  =4&'5 &'55 & =4&+ 53'5 =4'. I' 5 ;+' & ' =&*3+3&' &' &=53&'4 53'5 3'  &4453* ;>3'3'> >'5! &5 =4&'5 &'55! & =4&+ 53'5 =4'! ' =4&  &=53&'44 53 /=&' 3'> 5 > & 60 + & &! ;/5 '&5 ;&'? 6 +! =&*3??  + +*? 5 4+5 3* + 3' 5 +5;43+'5 &''?. F& 5 =/=&+ & &=/53'> 53'5 =! &'-4 &'5 +4 +44 3'4/? 44 & 5 &44&3'>: 1) 1 ?+ +4 ;+? &' 5 45+5 +4 5 2) + K/3*4'5 &  ?+ & +*3 3''53* 4* (& *53&' 4*) ,) 112 & 5 1,5 &'5 = ") &5 ;'35+ +  ; >? /=&' ; =4& '? =4& & 3'4/+3&'. B/5! 35 +44 '&5 3'4/? 5 &44&3'>: 1) &+5 & 43*3'> 44&' 2) =&35-+3'> ='5+ '?443; ,) &5 &'5 ;'35+ 3  '&5 &'+3?? + =5 & & 3'5>5? 3'5& 5 >/4 +4 & 5 =4&+ 5353&' 34? & &=53&'4 53'5 /=&' 3'> 5 > & 60. H&*! 5 ;+3+ 3' &=/53'> 3+ 53'5 ;'35+ 3+ 3+ 45+5 +4 5 & 10!<1<.22 + 5 &3++3&'+  3*?  3' 5 & & =&35-+3'> ='5+ +=3344 4/?? ; 5 &>&3'> /4+. A+ =54 &;+*? ; 5 C&/5 & A==4+: I' 3'! B&3-T@? '? 343==3' D/=435& =53/43 5 5=+ & '3'>+ '? /'53&' 55 +&/4? & +&/4? '&5 =&=4 ; 3'4/?? & 3'5>5? 3' 5 ;+3 +4 '? 3 K/+53&'+  5& ; +&4*? & ?53'? &'  +-5&-+ ;+3+! 3' 5 43>5 & 5 +=33 '? ?534? 5+ &  +. I'

Page137of153 &5 &?+! ' 5+ '3'>+ '? /'53&'  4&+4 @3' 5& 3'> ;'35+! &*53 = &   =&35-+3'> +55'5+! 5  =&=4 4/?? 3' &=/53'> 53'5 =. H&*! +4+ &3++3&'+ 3  53*4 ' 3'5>4 =&53&' & 5 ;+3 +4 +5/5/ & ' =4&! +44 ; 3'4/?? 3' ?53'3'> 5 53'5 =. A5 ;! =5353&' R&>43& #. R+ + 3*3'>  &'54 +/ & 10!<1<.22 + +4 &+=&'?3'> 5& 3+ =&+353&' + U'35 M'>. T/+! + &54 /4? ; =/;43 +=&'?'5 NLRC! 5 &*3?3'> &3++3&'+ =3? 5& 3 ; U'3*+4 R&;3' C&=. &/4? '&5 * ;' +4+ &3++3&'+ 3' 5 + +'+ 55 343==3' D/=435&+ =3? 35+ +4+' +4+ &3++3&'+. U'35 M'>+  '&5 +4+' 5 ?& '&5 5 ' +4 & 534 5 44. T&! ' &3++3&' 3 5 3* 3+ 53'4 '&5 5 ;+3 +4 3 +/+ 5 +5'?? & &/'5 & &@ & &=43''5 + U'35 M'>. A&?3'>4! 5 ??353&'4 ='5+ ? 5& =5353&'  '&5 3' 5 +4+ &3++3&'+ ;/5 5 =5&&@ & 5 '5/ & =&35-+3'> ;/+3'++. C53'4! & 5 &>&3'>! 5 ?&53' 3' B&3T@? C34+ '? 343==3' F/3 & C&=&53&'! 3 =&'&/'? 55 &3++3&'+  ??353&'4 = 55 ?&+ '&5 & =5 & 5 ;+3 +4! ==43+ 5& 5 =+'5 +. 2, A+3? & 5 5 55 + /'35 '> =5353&' ?3? '&5 '5 3'5& 5/4 +4 5'+53&'+! ;/5 4 +/=*3+? 5 +4+' /'? 3+ &'5&4! 5 ?3+=/5? &3++3&'+  '&5 >/44 3*? ; 3. O'4 ' 5 +4+'  ;4 5& &445 & 5 +4 5'+53&'+ ' =5353&' 3* 5 &3++3&'+. C&'*+4! 3 '& &4453&'+  ? ; 5 +4+'! 5' =5353&' &/4? 3* '& &3++3&'+ 5 44.2" I' 3'! 5 &3++3&'+ 3 =5353&' 3*?  '&5 =5 & 3+ +4 +5/5/  ;/5  =&35-+3'> ='5+ '? ? '& 4! ?35 & '++ 453&' 5& 5 &/'5 & &@  5/44 =&?. T &4453&' ? ; 5 +4+' & 5 +4 5'+53&'+ + 5 =&35 & =3*5 +=&'?'5 & 3 =5353&' ?  + 3' 5 & &  &3++3&'. I5  ; >/? 55 =5353&'  * 5? &5+ 3' =/+3'> 5 +4+' 5& 4&+ & +4 5'+53&'+ &*! 35 3+ '&5 5 353&' 3 &/4? '5354 3 5&  &3++3&'! ;/5 5 5/4 +4 5'+53&'+ ;&/>5 ;&/5 ; 5 3'?3*3?/4 &5+ & 5 +4+'. I'+& + 5 &'+535/5+ ;+3 +4! 5 &>&3'> ?3+/++3&'+ K/44 ==4 5& 5 &=/553&' & =5353&'+ 1,5 &'5 =. A+ 4? 3' S' M3>/4 C&=&53&' *. I'3&'>: 2 U'? +3?'534 D 1 '? 35+ 3=4'53'> /4+! 5 ;+3 +4 & ' =4& 3+ /+? + 5 ;+3+ 3' 5 ?53'53&' & 3+ 1,5-&'5 =. A' &='+53&'+ & /'53&'+ 3  ?? '&5 =5 & 5 ;+3 = 3+ 4/?? + ;+3+ 3' 5 &=/553&' & 5 '?5& ;&'/+. U'? 5 R/4+ '? R>/453&'+ I=4'53'> +3?'534 D 1! 5 &44&3'> &='+53&'+  ?? '&5 =5 & 5 ;+3 +4: ) C&+5-&-43*3'> 44&'+ >'5? =/+/'5 5& +3?'534 D 2 '? L55 & I'+5/53&' N&. 17"  ;) &35 +3'> ='5+ ) A44 44&'+ '? &'5 ;'35+ 3  '&5 &'+3?? & 3'5>5? + =5 & 5 >/4 ;+3 +4 & 5 =4& 5 5 53 & 5 =&/4>53&' & 5 D &' D; 16! 1<7. ( (mp%asis  supplied )

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Arc( Me-al *s. Sa5a6an n Manaa?a sa Arc( Fac-s 5353&' 3+  &=' '>>? 3' 5 '/5/ & 54 =&?/5+! + +=&'?'5 3+ 5 4;& /'3&' & =5353&'+ '@ '? 34 =4&+. S&53 3' D; 200,! =5353&' =3? 5 1,5 &'5 =! ;&'/+! '? 4* '+'5 & 5 /'3&' ;+ 3' &/'5+ =&=&53&'4 5& 5 +*3 5 5/44 '?? 3'  ! 3 3+ 4++ 5'  /44 12 &'5+. R+=&'?'5 =&5+5? 5 =&5? +! 433'> 55 &' +*4 &+3&'+ =5353&' ?3? '&5 =&5 5 ='5 & 5 + ;'35+ 5& 7 =4&+ & ? '&5 +*? & 5 /44 12 &'5+. T ='5+  ? 3' 1<<2! 1<<,! 1<<"! 1<<6! 1<< 5& +=&'?'5! 5 =&5? ='5 *3&45+ 5 /4 >3'+5 ?33'/53&' &   ;'35+ /'? A534 100 & 5 L;& C&?. T/+! 5 34?  &=43'5 ;& 5 NCMB. T =53+ +/;355? 5 + & *&4/'5 ;3553&'. T *&4/'5 ;355&! M'>;5! /4? 3' *& & =5353&' '? &/'? 55 5 >3*3'> & 5 &'5+5? ;'35+ 3' /44! 3+=53* & 5 5/4 +*3 '?? 353' &'  + '&5 3='? 3'5&   =53. H '&5? 5 3?*35 & B3'>'! '/5/3'> >&/= ? & =5353&'! 3 +55+ 55 5 >3*3'> 3' /44 & 5 ;'35 +   &. H 4+& 3'5=5? 5 =+ &   & +*3 &/'? 3' 5 =53''5 CBA =&*3+3&'+ 5& ' 55 ' =4& /+5 * '?? &'  & +*3 3' &?  5& ; '5354? 5& 5 /44 ;'35+ =&*3?? 3' 5 CBA. T CA /4? 55 5 CBA ?3? '&5 3'5'? 5& &4&+ 5 ==4353&' & =&5? ='5+ & 4*  ;'35+ 5& &*? =4&+. T ==445 &/5 &/'? 55 =5353&'! &*! ? ' 3+53'> *&4/'5  =53 & =3'> 5 &+3? ;'35+ 3' /44 5& 35+ =4&+! 5; 53'> 5 43 55 =5353&' ? 3' =3'> /44 ;'35+ 5& 35+ +*' =4&+. T ==445 &/5 '&5? 55 +3? & 5 3?*35 & =5353&'+ &3! 35 + '&5 =+'5? ' *3?' 3' +/==&5 & 35+ =&+353&' 55 35 + '& *&4/'5 =53 & >'53'> 5 &'5+5? ;'35+ 3' /44 '? 35&/5 >? 5& 5 +*3 5/44 '?? 353' 5 . I5 4+& K/+53&'?  35 5&&@ =5353&' 11 + ;& 35 + ;4 5& ?3+&* 5 44>? &.

Iss2e WON 5 >'5 & 1,5 &'5 =! ;&'/+! '? 4* '+'5 3' /44 >?4++ & 5/4 +*3 '?? &'+535/5+ *&4/'5 =4& =53 '?! &'+K/'54! 5 =&5? ='5 & 5 +3? ;'35+ ?&+ '&5 &'+535/5 ?33'/53&' & ;'35+ /'? A534 100 & 5 L;& C&?.

Hel, 5353&' 43+ 55 35+ /44 ='5 & ;'35+ >?4++ & 5 4'>5 & +*3 5& 5 &=' ?&+ '&5 &'+535/5 *&4/'5 =4& =53. I5 =&3'5+ &/5 55 5 ='5+ ? ;' &'&/+4 ? '? 5 &/? 3' 3+&45? ++ 3' 5 + 1<<2! 1<<,! 1<<"! 1<< 5&  =5353&'! 35 + &'4 3' 200, 55 5 &/'53'> ?=5'5 ?3+&*? 5 & ' 5  4? , =4&+ 3'*&4*? 35 =&4&'>? ;+'+ '? 5 & + &5? ; 3=4'53'> 5 =&-5  ='5 & ;'35+ =/+/'5 5& 4 '? 53 3+53'> CBA. I5 ??+ 55 5 +*' 43 ++ & /44  ='5 & ;'35+ '5 /''&53? &'+3?3'> 5 =&=&53&' & &' =4& &''? (= ) *3+ ^ *3+ 5 170 =4&+ & 5 &='. 5353&' ?+3;+ 5 +35/53&' +  4 &*+3>5 3 +&/4? '&5 ; 5@' >3'+5 35. T& /5 ;&4+5 35+ +! =5353&' >/+ 55 &  >'5 &  ;'35 5& ; &'+3??  =53! 35 +&/4? * ;' =53? &*  4&'> =3&? & 53 '? /+5 ; +&' 5& ; &'+3+5'5! ?43;5 '? 3'5'53&'4! 3 3+ '&5 5 =='? 3' 53+ +. 5353&' 53+ 5& @  +

Page139of153 &/5 & 5 5 55 5 CBA + '&5 ;' &?33? 5& 3'&=&5 5 >3*3'> & /44 ;'35+ >?4++ & 5 4'>5 & +*3! =&& 55 5 >'5 >'5 + '&5 3='? 3'5& &=' =53. A' ; ;' '3 355 ' '?? +/ +/== ==4 4' '55 ; ;3' 3'>> ' '& &? ? ;  =4 =4& & ++  '' ''&5 &5 ;  ?/ ?/ ?! ?! ?3 ?33' 3'3+ 3+ ?! ?! ?3+&'53'/? & 433'5? ; 5 =4&. T =3'3=4 & '&'-?33'/53&' & ;'35+ 3+ &/'?? &' 5 C&'+535/53&'4 '?5 5& =&55 5 3>5+ & &@+ '? =&&5 53 4! '? 5& &? 4;& /44  =&553&'. S3? '?5 3' 5/' 3+ 5 ;+3+ & A534 " & 5 L;& C&? 3 +55+ 55 44 ?&/;5+ 3' 3' 5 3=4'553&' '? 3'5=553&' & 53+ C&?! 3'4/?3'> 35+ 3=4'53'> /4+ '? >/453&'+ +44 ; '?? 3' *& & 4;&. 4;&. #/3+=/?' 3+ =45 =45 35 ++ 3 &>'3 5 3>5 & =4&+ 5&  ;'35+ 3  *&4/'534 >3*' ; 5 =4& '? 3 3='? 3'5& &=' =53. T/+ 3' 3' D*& F/35+ C&=&53&' *. A++&35? L;& U'3&'+! 5 4.  ' =4& ? 4 '? &'53'/&/+4 3'4/?? 3' 5 &=/553&' & 5 1,5 &'5 = 5&+ 35+ 55  =++4 4/?? ; 5 4!  4? 55 5 5 3 + *&;4 5& 5 =4&+ 5&/> '&5 '&5 &'&3'> 5& 4 ? 5/+ 3='? 3'5&   =53 '? &/4? '&5 ; 35?'! ?/?! ?33'3+?! ?33'3+?! ?3+&'53'/? & 433'5?. I' 5 + 1<<2! 1<<,! 1<<"! 1<<'53'> >'53'> /44 ;' ;'35+ 35+ 5& 35+ =4&+ =4&+ >?4++ >?4++ & 5 4'>5 & +* +*3 3 '??. T/! 5  &'4  5&54 & +*' =4&+ =4&+ & ;'35? & +/  =53! ;/5 35 + ' +5;43+? =53 '&'54++. #/3+=/?' + '&5 43? ?&' ' /4 +=33'>  3'3/ '/; &  + 353' 3  &=' =53 /+5 ; 3+? 3' &? 5& &'+535/5 *&4/'5 &=' &=' =53. T/+! 35 ' ; 6 +! , +! & *' + +&5 + 2 +. 5353&' ''&5 +3@  & 35+ +=&'+3; +=& '+3;3435 3435 ; 4 433'> 433'> 55 35 +  3+5@ & ' & &!! +/==& +/==&5? 5? &'4 ; ' 3?*35 3?*35 & 35+ '/5/3'> >&/= ?. I' ++ ++ 3'*&4*3'> 3'*&4*3'> &' &' 43+ & =4&+! 5  =4& =4& + 5 ;/?' ;/?' & =&*3'> 55 5 =4&+ ?3? 3* 5 >+ '? ;'35+ '? 55 5 +  =3? 3' &?' 35 4.

$NIERSAL ROBINA S$GAR MILLING CORP. *s CABALLEDA

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Fac-s 5353&' U'3*+4 R&;3' S/> M3443'> C&=&53&' (URSUMCO) 3+  ?&+53 &=&53&' '>>? 3' 5 +/> 3443'> ;/+3'++ '? =5353&' R'5& C;53 8"9 3+ URSUMCO+ '>. R+=&'?'5 A>3=3'& C;44? (A>3=3'&) &@? + 4? & URSUMCO & M 1<< /'534 #/' 2,! 1<<7 35  +4 & 12".00 = ?! 34 +=&'?'5 A4'?& C?43' (A4'?&) &@? & URSUMCO + ' &=5& & 1<76 /= 5& #/' 1! 1<<7 35  +4 & 20<.,0 = ?. O' A=34 2"! 1<<1! #&' G&@&'>3! #.! +3?'5 & URSUMCO! 3++/?  M&'?/89 +5; +5;43+ 43+3' 3'>> 5 &=' &=' =&43 =&43 &' C&=/4 C&=/4+& +& R53 R53' '55 (M& (M&'? '?/) /) & 35+ =4&+. T &'?/ =&*3?+: A44 =4&+ &=&5-3? & 553' 60 + & > &' & ;& A=34 ,0! 1<<1 +44 ; &'+3?? 53? &' M ,1! 1<<1. H'&5! ' =4& +44 ; &'+3?? 53? ,0 ?+ 5  553'+ > 60. S/;+K/'54! S/;+K/'54! &' D; A534 27 & 5 L;& C&?! 5& ?: A5. 27. R53'5. A' =4&  ; 53? /=&' 3'> 5 53'5 > +5;43+? 3' 5 &4453* ;>3'3'> >'5 & &5 ==43;4 =4&'5 &'55. I' + & 53'5! 5 =4& +44 ; '5354? 5& 3* +/ 53'5  ;'35+ +   * '? /'? 3+53'> 4+ '? ' &4453* ;>3'3'> >'5 '? &5 >'5+: &*3??! &*! T5 ' =4&+ 53'5 ;'35+ /'? ' &4453* ;>3'3'> '? &5 >'5+ +44 '&5 ; 4++ 5' 5&+ =&*3?? 3'. I' 5 ;+' &  53'5 =4' & >'5 =&*3?3'> & 53'5 ;'35+ &  =4&+ 3' 5 +5;43+'5! ' =4& /=&' 3'> 5 > & +35 (60) + &  &! &! ;/5 '&5 ;&'? ;&'? +35+35-3* 3* (6) (6) + + 3 3 3+ ; ; ?4 ?4? ? 5 &=/4 &=/4+& +& 53'5 >! & + +*? 5 4+5 3* () + 3' 5 +3? +5;43+'5!  53 '? +44 ; '5354? 5& 53'5 = K/3*4'5 5& 5 4+5 &'-4 (12) &'5 +4 &  *  & +*3!  53&' & 5 4+5 +3 (6) &'5+ ;3'> &'+3?? + &' &4 . U'4++ 5 =53+ =&*3? & ;&? 3'4/+3&'+! 5 5 &'-4 (12) &'5 +4 +44 ' 35' (1) ?+ =4/+ &'-545 (112) & 5 1,5 &'5 = '? 5 + K/3*4'5 & '&5 & 5' 3* () ?+ & +*3 3''53* 4*+. O' A=34 23535 4;& &>'353&' '? 5 &>'3? +&4 '? 4/+3* ;>3'3'> =+'553* & 44 5 &'54 '? ?34 =3? =4&+ & URSUMCO! & 3 A4'?& +  ;! '5? 3'5&  C&4453* B>3'3'> A>'5 (CBA). 89 A534 V & 5 +3? CBA =53/44 =&*3?? 55 5 53'5 ;'35+ & 5 ;+ & 5 &4453* ;>3'3'> /'35 +44 ; 3' &?' 35 4.8<9 A>3=3'& '? A4'?& (+=&'?'5+)! *3'> ? 5 > & 60!  44>?4 &? 5& 53  ; URSUMCO. A>3=3'& *? 55 URSUMCO 344>44 ?3+3++? 3 & =4&'5 &' #/' 2"! 1<<7 '  + &? 5& 53 /=&' 3'> 5 > & +35 (60) + &4?. U=&' 5 53'53&' & 3+ =4&'5!  =5? 3+ +=53&' = '? ==43? & 53'5 ;'35+ 35 5 S&34 S/35

Page141of153 S+5 (SSS). E43! &' A=34 1! 1<<7! A4'?& 5/'? 60 + &4?. O' M 2! 1<<7!  34? 3+ ==4353&' & 53'5 35 URSUMCO! 553'> 3+ ;35 '? ;=53+4 5335+. O' #/4 2,! 1<<7!  =5? 3+ 53'5 ;'35+ '? /5?  K/3543 3' *& & URSUMCO.

ISS$ES 1. W5 R.A.76"1 ' ; >3*' 5&53* 5 2. W5 A>3=3'& 3+  ++&'4 & =&5 =4& '? ,. W5 +=&'?'5+  344>44 53'5? &' &/'5 & &=/4+& 53'5 & 5 + *&4/'534 53?.

R$LING T 5353&' 4@+ 35.  First. T 3++/ & 5 5&53* 5 & R.A. 76"1 &' =3& 3+53'> =4&'5 &'55+ + 4&'> ;' +554?. I' (nri/ue Security Services, Inc. v. Cabota2e !82"9  4?:

T6ere s6(2l, 8e li--le ,(28- a8(2- -6e :ac- -6a- -6e la? can appl9 -( la8(r c(n-rac-s s-ill e;is-in a- -6e -i5e -6e s-a-2-e 6as -aen e::ec-1 an, -6a- i-s 8ene:i-s can 8e rec(ne, n(- (nl9 :r(5 -6e ,a-e (: -6e la?s enac-5en- 82- re-r(ac-i*el9 -( -6e -i5e sai, e5pl(95en- c(n-rac-s 6a*e s-ar-e,. T3+ ?&53' + ;' =5?4 /=4? '? 433? 3' +*4 ++. 829 /+/'5 55&! 53+ C&/5 3=&+? 5& (2) ++'534 K/3+35+ 3' &? 55 R.A. 76"1  ; >3*' 5&53* 5: (1) 5 43'5 & 53'5 ;'35+ + +5344 3' 5 =4& & 5 =4& 5 5 53 5 +55/5 5&&@ 5 '? (2) 5 43'5 ? &=43? 35 5 K/3'5+ & 43>3;3435 & +/ 53'5 ;'35+ /'? 5 +55/5. I5 3+ *3?'5 & 5 &?+ 55 ' +=&'?'5+  &=/4+&34 53? & 5 +*3! R.A. 76"1 + 4? 3' /44 & '? 5. T =5353&'+ 34? 5& =&* 55 5 +=&'?'5+ ?3? '&5 &=4 35 5 K/3'5+ & 43>3;3435 /'? 5 4 & +/ 53'5 ;'35+. I' +/! 5 &'53&'? K/3+35+  ?K/54 +53+3?! 5/+! '53'> 5 5&53* ==4353&' & R.A. 76"1 3' 53+ +. Second. I5 3+  44-+5;43+? /4 55  =5353&' & *3 &' certiorari /'? R/4 " & 5

R/4+ & C&/5 +&/4? 3+ &'4 K/+53&'+ & 4! +/;5 5& 53' =53&'+. 8269 W5 & '&5 A>3=3'& +  ++&'4=&5 =4& &  >/4 =4& 3+  K/+53&' & 5. 8279 A+ +/! 53+ C&/5 3+ '&5 5 43;5 5& *3 5 +3? 5/4 3++/ ;/+ &/ /3+?353&' 3+ >'44 4335? 5& *33'> &+ & 4 55 5 CA  * &355?. T3 '? >3'!  * 4? 55 53+ C&/5 3+ '&5  53 & 5+! '? 35 3+ '&5 & /+ 5& -3' '? -*4/5 5 =&;53* *4/ & *3?' =+'5? ;& 5 LA! 5 NLRC '? 5 CA! 3 &? 5 ;+3+ & 5 ++34? ?3+3&'. I'??! ' 53 3'?3'>+  3' ;+&4/5 >'5! 5 +  &?? '&5 &'4 +=5 ;/5 *' 3'435 + 4&'> + 5  =4 +/==&5? ; +/;+5'534 *3?'. 829 I' 53+ +! 35 3+ '&5&5 55 5 LA! 5 NLRC '? 5 CA  &' 3' /43'> 55 A>3=3'& + '&5  +/4 =4& / 4++ 4 ++  ++&'4 & =&5 =4&. I' 53 3'?3'>+! A>3=3'& + &'+3??  >/4 =4& & URSUMCO. C&'+K/'54! +/ /'3& 3'?3'> & 5 LA! 5 NLRC! '? 5 CA  ;3'?+ 53+ C&/5. W W 3'? '& &>'5 &>'5 +&' 5& ?=5 & 53+ /43'>. %ird . R53'5 3+ 5 +/45 &  ;3454 5 & 5 =53+!  *&4/'5 >'5 ;5' 5

=4& '? 5 =4& ; 5 455! 5 3'>  53' >! >+ 5& +* 3+ &   =4&'5 35 5 & .82<9 T > & 53'5 3+ =334 ?53'? ; 5 3+53'> >'5

Page142of153  ;5' 5 =4& '? 5 =4&+. H&*! 3' 5 ;+' & +/ >'5! 5 53'5 > +44 ; 3? ; 4. U'? A5. 27 & 5 L;& C&? + '??! 5 4>44 '?5? > &  &=/4+& 53'5 3+ 6 +! 34 5 +5 3'3/ > & &=53&'4 53'5 3+ 60 +. 8,09 I' 53+ +! 35  ; +5++? 55 5 CBA ?&+ '&5  per se  +=3344 =&*3? & 5 &=/4+& 53'5 > '& ?&+ 35 =&*3? & ' &=53&'4 53'5 =4'. I5 4 =&*3?+ 55 5 53'5  ;'35+ &?? 5& ' =4& +44 ; 3' &?' 35 4. T/+!  /+5 ==4 A5. 27 & 5 L;&  C&? 3 =&*3?+ & 5& 5=+ & 53'5: () &=/4+& '? (;) &=53&'4. T 3+5 5@+ =4 5 > 6! 34 5 +&'? 3+ =334 ?53'? ; 5 &4453* ;>3'3'> >'5 & &5  =4&'5 &'55 & =4&+ 53'5 =4'. I'?/;35;4! 5 *&4/'53'++ & 5 +=&'?'5+ 53'5 3+ 5 5 & 5 3'+5'5 &'5&*+. 5353&'+ =&+5/45 55 +=&'?'5+ *&4/'534 53? =53/44 ' A4'?& 34? 3+ ==4353&' &  53'5! +/;355? 44 5 ?&/'5 K/3'5+! =5? 5 53'5 ;'35+ '? /5?  K/3543 3' *& & URSUMCO. R+=&'?'5+ 43 &53+! &'5'?3'> 55 5  4 &? 5& &=4 + 5  '& 4&'> >3*' ' &@ ++3>''5 '? &'+3?3'> 55 5 +*' & 53  =4&'5 35 URSUMCO 3+  &'?353&' =?'5 & 5 5& 3* 53 53'5 ;'35+. W /4 3' *& & +=&'?'5+. G'44! 5 4 4&&@+ 35 ?3+*& &' K/3543+ '? 4++ ; =4&+ & * ;' 3'*3>4? & =++/? 3'5& +3>'3'> 5 ; /'+/=/4&/+ =4&+ +@3'> 5& *? 53 4>4 +=&'+3;34353+ '? /+55 /+5 43+ & =4&+. 8,29 T  &'? /=&' + &'5 5& =/;43 =&43. A K/3543 3+ 3'53* 3' ;3'> &* & 5 /44 +/ &  &@+ 3>5+! '? 5 =5' &   ;'35+ 5& ?&+ '&5 &/'5 5& +5&==4.8,,9 T +&' 3+ 43? ?&' 3'  Lope Su#ar Corporation v. Federation of Free >or+ers:8,"9 E=4& '? =4&! &;*3&/+4! ?& '&5 +5'? &' 5 + &&53'>. T =4& ?&* 5 =4& 5& 5 44. T 455 /+5 * 5& >5 &4? & &'. B/+! &/5 & 5 &;!  ? 5&  + '++353+ & 43. H 5/+ &/'? 3+4 3' '& =&+353&' 5& +3+5 &'  =&?. I' =53&'4 ++! 5 C&/5 + =5? 5 *43?35 & K/3543+ /5? ; =4&+ 3 5 =4& 3+ ;4 5& =&* 5 &44&3'> K/3+35+: (1) 5 =4& /5+  ?? & K/3543 *&4/'534 (2) 5 3+ '& /? & ?35 &' 5 =5 & ' & 5 =53+ (,) 5 &'+3?53&' & 5 K/3543 3+ ?3;4 '? +&';4 '? (") 5 &'55 3+ '&5 &'5 5& 4! =/;43 &?! =/;43 =&43! &4+ &  >&&? /+5&+ & =/?334 5&  53? =+&' 35  3>5 &>'3? ; 4. 8,9 I' 53+ +! =5353&'+ 34? 5& +5;43+ 44 5 &>&3'> K/3+35+. T& ; =3+! &'4 A4'?& + ;4 5& 43  =534 &/'5 & 3+ 53'5 ;'35. T/+! 35 3+ 4 & 5 ?3+3&'+ & 5 LA! NLRC '? CA 55 =5353&'+  +5344 43;4 5& = A4'?& 5 ?3'534 &' 3+ 53'5 ;'35+. O' 5 &5 '?! A>3=3'& + 5/44 '? 5&544 ?=3*? & 3+ 53'5 ;'35. M&&*! 5 =5353&'+! '&5 5 +=&'?'5+! * 5 ;/?' & =&*3'> 55 5 K/3543 + *&4/'534 '5? 3'5&.

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LO$RDES A. CERCADO1 Pe-i-i(ner1 *. $NIPROM1 INC.1 Resp(n,en-. Fac-s 5353&' L&/?+ A. C?& (C?&) +55? &@3'> & +=&'?'5 UNIROM! I'. (UNIROM) &' D; 1! 1<7 +  53@5 +44 ++3>'? 5 F3+5 C'3*4!A'5C'5!$/&' C35. L5 &'! + + =&&5? + +3 '? 5' + 4@ 5=3+5. UNIROM 3'+535/5? 'E=4&+ N&'-C&'53;/5& R53'5 4' 3 =&*3?+ 55 '  =533='5 35 5'5 (20) + & +*3! >?4++ & >!  ; 53? 5 3+ &=53&' & 5 5 &=53&' & 5 &='. UNIROM '?? 5 53'5 =4' 3' &=43' 35 R=/;43 A5 (R.A.) N&. 76"1. U'?  5 *3+? 53'5 =4'! UNIROM +*? 5 &=53&' 5& 53 =4&+ &  K/433? 5& 53 /'? 5 =&>. S&53 3' D; 2000! UNIROM 3=4'5?  &='-3? 4 53'5  =&> & 35+ "1 =4&+! 3'4/?3'> 3' =5353&'! &! 5 55 53! + "7 + &4?! 35 22 + & &'53'/&/+ +*3 5& 5 &='. S + &? ' 4 53'5 =@> &/'53'> 5&171!<2.<0! ;/5 + 5? 5 +. UNIROM 3+? 35+ &=53&' /'? 5 53'5 =4'! '? ?3?? 5& 53 C?& 53* 5 5 '? & ;/+3'++ &/+ &' F;/ 1! 2001. A @ & *' ?5 3' 5 &/'5 &100!11.70! =+'53'>  53'5 ;'35+ /'? 5 >/4 53'5 =@>! + 3++/? 5& . C?& /+? 5& =5 5 @. UNIROM '&'54++ =/+/? 35+ ?3+3&' '? C?& + '& 4&'> >3*' ' &@ ++3>''5 5 F;/ 1! 2001. T3+ =&=5? C?& 5& 34  &=43'5 & 344>4 ?3+3++4 ;& 5 L;&  A;35 (LA)! 44>3'>! &'> &5+! 55 UNIROM ?3? '&5 *  ;&' 3? 53'5 =4'! '? 55 *' 3 5 +! + ?3? '&5 &'+'5 55&.

ISS$ES 819 W5 UNIROM +  ;&' 3? 53'5 =4' '?! 829 W5 =5353&' + *43?4 53? =/+/'5 55&.

HELD R53'5 3+ 5 +/45 &  ;3454 5 & 5 =53+!  *&4/'5 >'5 ;5' 5 =4&  '? 5 =4& ; 5 455! 5 3'>  53' >! >+ 5& +* 3+ &  =4&'5 35 5 &. A534 27 & 5 L;& C&?! + '?? ; R.A. N&. 76"1! =>+ 5 > & &=/4+& 53'5 5 6 +! 34 5 3'3/ > & &=53&'4 53'5 3+ +5 5 60 +. A' =4& 3+! &*!  5& 3=&+  53'5 > 43 5' 5 &>&3'> '?5+. T3+ + ;' /=4? 3' '/&/+ ++ +  *43? 3+ & '>'5 =&>53*. I' 53+ +! =5353&' + 53? ; UNIROM 5 5 > & "7! 5 *3'> +*? 5 &=' & 22 +! =/+/'5 5& UNIROM+E=4&+ N&'-C&'53;/5& R53'5 4'! 3 =&*3?+ 55 =4&+ & * '?? 5 4+5 20 + & +*3  ; 53? 5 5 &=53&' & 5 &='. A5 3+5 ;4/+! +=&'?'5+ 53'5 =4' ' ; =?3'54 +5=? 35 *43?35 '? /+533? /'? 5 44 '&=++3'> =+ '>'5 =&>53*! 3 3+ 5 5 CA ?3?. B/5 5 55'?'5 3/+5'+ 3' 53+ +! *3+-*3+ 5 5/4 343/ & 5 +53'> & /3+=/?' &' 53+ 55! 3=4 /+ 5& 5@  ?=  4&&@.

Page144of153 I''5'& N&5 E=++! I'. *. NLRC!5 C&/5 /=4? 5 53'5 & =3*5 +=&'?'5 =/+/'5 5&  C&4453* B>3'3'> A>'5 (CBA) 44&3'> '5'& 5& &=/4+&34 53 =4&+ /=&' &=453'> 2 + & +*3 5& 5 &='. I'5=53'> A534 27! 5 C&/5 /4? 55 5 L;& C&?  =35+ =4&+ '? =4&+ 5& 3 5 ==43;4 53'5 > 4& 5' 60 + & >. T C&/5 4+& 4? 55 5 + '& 344>4 ?3+3++4 3'*&4*?! +3' 35 + 5 CBA 35+4 55 3'&=&5? 5 >'5 ;5' 5 =4& '? 5 ;>3'3'> >'5 35 +=5 5& 5 5+ '? &'?353&'+ &  =4&'5. H'! ' 5 =3*5 +=&'?'5 533? 5 CBA!  &'/'54 >? 5& &'& 5& '? ;3? ; 35+ =&*3+3&'+. T/+! 5 C&/5 +5++?! =&*3?3'> 3'  CBA & &=/4+& 53'5 &  =4&+ 5 5'5-3* (2) + & +*3 3+ 4>4 '? '&;4 +& 4&'> + 5 =53+ > 5& ; >&*'? ; +/ CBA. S3344! 3' 343==3' A343'+! I'. (AL) *. A343' 34&5+ A++&353&' & 5 343==3'+(AA)! 5 53'5 =4' &'53'? 3' 5 CBA ;5' AL '? AA + ?4? *43?. T C&/5 =43'? 55 ; 53 =5' & 5 CBA! AA '? 35+ ;+  &;43>? 5& ;3? ; 5 &35'5+ '? 433553&'+ 5 ? >? 5& ? 5& '>'5. I5 3+ 3&53 55  53'5 =4' >3*3'> 5 =4& 5 &=53&' 5& 53 35+ =4&+ ;4& 5 >+ =&*3?? ; 4 /+5 ; ++'5? 5& '? =5? ; 5 455! &53+! 35+ ?+3* 3=&+353&' 344 &/'5 5&  ?=3*53&' & =&=5 35&/5 ?/ =&++ & 4. I' 5 ;&*-?3+/++? ++! 5 53'5 =4'+ 3' 3++/  5 +/45 & '>&5353&'+ '? *'5/4 >'5 ;5' 5 =4& '? 5 =4&+. T =4' + 35 ;&?3? 3'  CBA! &  +5;43+? 5 &'+/4553&'+ '? '>&5353&'+ 35 5 =4&+ ;>3'3'> =+'553*. T &'+'5 &  5 =4&+ 5& ; 53? *' ;& 5 +55/5& 53'5 > & 6 + + 5/+ 4 '? /'K/3*&4. U'&5/'54! '& +334 +35/53&' &;53'+ 3' 5 =+'5 +. I' 5! '&5 *' ' 3&5 & *&4/'5 K/3+' 5& UNIROM+ 4 53'5 > &=53&' 3+ 553;/5;4 5& =5353&'. T ++34? 53'5 =4' & UNIROM 3+ '&5 ;&?3? 3'  CBA & 3' ' =4&'5 &'55 & >'5 ++'5? 5& ; =5353&' '?  &-=4&+. O' 5 &'5! UNIROM+E=4&+N&'C&'53;/5& R53'5 4'+ /'34544 '? &=/4+&34 3=&+? &' 5. T3+ 3+ *3?'5 3' 5  =&*3+3&'+ & 5 1<0 53'5 =4' '? 35+ '?? *+3&' 3' 2000:

ARTICLE III ELIGIBILITY FOR PARTICIPATION Sec-i(n %. An9 re2lar e5pl(9ee1 as (: -6e E::ec-i*e Da-e1s6all a2-(5a-icall9 8ec(5e a Par-icipan- in -6e Plan1 pr(*i,e, -6e E5pl(9ee ?as 6ire, 8el(? ae @&.

V34! =5353&' + &? 5& =533=5 3' 5 =4'! '? 5 &'4  + &/4? * 5? 5 + + 5& +3>' & 4&+  &;. T ++34? CA D3+3&' ?3? '&5 44 @  3'?3'> 55 =5353&'  5/44 =5? '? &'+'5? 5& 5 =4'. T CA +3=4 ?4? 55 =5353&' + ??  & 5 53'5 =4' &' &/'5 & 5 4'>5 &  =4&'5 35 +=&'?'5. I=43? @'&4?>! >?4++ & ?/53&'! ''&5 K/5 5& 5 *&4/'5 =5' K/3? ; 4 3' >'53'> ' 4 53'5 > &=53&' 5& ' =4&. T 4 ?'?+ & 5'  =++3* K/3+' &' 5 =5 & =4&+! &'+3?3'> 55 ' =4&+ 4 53'5 > &=53&' 3'*&4*+  &'++3&' & 5 &+ &'+535/53&'4 3>5 5& +/35 & 5'/. W 355 5 44-+5;43+? '3'> & 53'5 3' 53+ /3+?353&':R53'5 3+ 5 +/45 &   ;3454 5 & 5 =53+! *&4/'5 >'5;5' 5 =4& '? 5 =4& ; 5

Page145of153 455! 5 3'>  53' >! >+ 5& +* 3+ &  =4&'5 35 5 &. A=5' ; 5 =4&+ & ' 4 53'5 > &=53&' /+5 ; =4335! *&4/'5! ! '? /'&=44?. W34 ' =4&  /'34544 53 ' =4& 43 5' 5 4>44 =3++3;4 >+ /'? 5 L;& C&?! 53+ =&>53* /+5 ; 3+? =/+/'5 5&  /5/44 3'+535/5? 4 53'5 =4'. I' &5 &?+! &'4 5 3=4'553&' '? /53&' & 5 &=53&'  ; /'3454! ;/5 '&5 5 ?&=53&' '? 3'+535/53&' & 5 53'5 =4' &'53'3'> +/ &=53&'. F& 5 &=53&' 5& ; *43?! 5 53'5 =4' &'53'3'> 35 /+5 ; *&4/'534 ++'5? 5& ; 5 =4&+ & 5 4+5 ;  &35 &  5 5&/>  ;>3'3'> =+'553*. W ?3+> 35 5 CA+ &'4/+3&' 55 5 53'5 =4' 3+ =5 & =5353&'+ =4&'5 &'55 35 +=&'?'5. I5 /+5 ; /'?+&? 55 =5353&' + 3? 3' 1<7 & 2 + ;& 5 3'+535/53&' & UNIROM+ 53'5 =4' 3' 1<0. L&>344!  =4&'5 &'55 ?3? '&5 3'4/? 5 53'5 =4'! / 4++ 5 4 53'5 > &=53&' &'53'? 53'. W 4+& ''&5 +/;+3; 5& +=&'?'5+ +/;3++3&' 55 =5353&'+ &'+'5 5& 5 53'5 =4'  ; 3'? &  +3>'5/ 3' 5 =+&''4 53&' &+ &'53'3'> 5 =+:E=4& ; =++4 @'&4?>+ 3=5 & '? /'?5@+ 5& ;3? ; 5 =&*3+3&'+ & 3+ #&; D+3=53&'! C&=' C&? & C&'?/5 '? +/ &5 =&433+! >/3?43'+! /4+ '? >/453&'+ 5 &='   =+3;. I5 +&/4? ; '&5? 55 5 =+&''4 53&' &+ 45 5& 5 3'+ 3' =5353&'+ +4 5 *3&/+ =3&?3 3'5*4+. T& &'4/? 55  =5' & 5 +4 3'++ + 4+&! +3/45'&/+4!  &'/' 5& 5 53'5 =4' &/4? ; 5'5&/'5 5& &=443'>  5& > 5& 5 455. M&&*! *&4/'5 '? K/3*&4 =5' ; ' =4& & ' 4 53'5 > &=53&' 3'  53'5 =4' '++34 &''&5+ 55  &'+'5 +=3344 + 5& 5 =4' & 55 + + 5 4+5 ? 5 + ' + 3?  &'&35 55&. H'! &'+3+5'5 35 5 C&/5+ /43'> 3' #/4;! *3'> 53'5? =5353&' 4 &' 5 ;+3+ &  =&*3+3&' 3' 5 53'5 =4' 3 + '&5 4 ++'5? 5& ; ! UNIROM 3+ >/345 & 344>4 ?3+3++4. 5353&' 3+ 5/+ '5354? 5& 3'+55'5 35&/5 4&++ & +'3&35 3>5+ '? 5& /44 ;@>+ &=/5? & 5 53 &  344>4 ?3+3++4 3' F;/ 16! 2001 /'534 5 5/4 ?5 &   3'+55'5. I 3'+55'5 3+ '& 4&'> =&++3;4 ;/+ 5 =&+353&' 55 =5353&' 4? '& 4&'> 3+5+! UNIROM +44 = ;@>+ + &=/5? ;&*! =4/+! 3' 43/ & 3'+55'5! +=53&' = K/3*4'5 5& &'-&'5 = & *  & +*3. T3+ 3+ &'+3+5'5 35 5 ==&'?' & /3+=/?' 453* 5& 5 ? & +=53&' = 3' + 3'+55'5 3+ '& 4&'> +3;4.

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Ra,i( Min,ana( Ne-?(r1 Inc. An, Eric S. Can(91 "s. D(5in( K. Y8ar(la1 'r. An, Al:(ns( E. Ri*era1 'r.1 QG.R. N(. %/@@3. Sep-e58er %31 3&%3. Fac-s R+=&'?'5+ D&3'>& %. Y;&4! #. '? A4&'+& E. R3*! #.  3? &' #/' 1! 1<77 '? #/' 1! 1<,! +=53*4! ; R?3& M3'?'& N5&@ (RMN). T *'5/44 ; &/'5 '>+! +&43353'> ?*53+'5+ '? +*33'> *3&/+ 43'5+ & RMN. O' S=5; 1! 2002! 5 +=&'?'5+ +*3+  53'5? +  +/45 & RMN+ &>'353&'+5/5/3'> 5  >3*' 53 +=53&' = Q 6,1!20.00 & Y;&4! '? "1!20.00 & R3*. S&53 3' D; 2002! 5 /5? 4+K/3543 3?*35+. D3++53+3? 35 53 +=53&' =! 5 +=&'?'5+ 34? +=5 &=43'5+ (3  45  &'+&43?5?) >3'+5 RMN '? 35+ +3?'5! E3 S. C'&! & 344>4 ?3+3++4 35 +*4 &' 43+! 3'4/?3'> 55&'+ +. T 3'?35? 55 53 &'54 +4 5+  60!000.00 & Y;&4 '? "0!000.00 & R3*.

Iss2e W5 5 &/'5+ 5 +=&'?'5+ 3*? =+'5?  3 '? +&';4 +554'5 & 53  43+

Hel, T =5353&'+ 3'+3+5 55 5 +=&'?'5+ &3++3&'+  '&5 =5 & 53 +43+! ;/+ 5 34? 5& =+'5 =&& 55 5 '? 5 &3++3&' ?/ 5& 5/4 @5 5'+53&'+ 553;/5;4 5& 5. T +/;35 55 5 &3++3&'+  =&35-+3'> ='5+ 3 ?& '&5 & =5 & 53 +43+. !e are n(- c(n*ince,. I 5+ &3++3&'+ ? ;' 44 =&35-+3'> ;&'/++ 5& 5 +=&'?'5+! 5 +&/4? * 3*? 5 + &/'5+! 5! + 5 NLRC 35+4 '&5?! Y;&4 '? R3* 3*? ,72!17,.11 '? 6!<<.0 &3++3&'+! +=53*4! 3' 2002. T *3' 3' &/'5+ 5 +=&'?'5+ 3*? + &3++3&'+ +/==&5+ 5 CA+ 3'?3'> 55 5 +4 +5/5/ & 5 +=&'?'5+ + +/ 55 5 &'4 3*?  3'34 &/'5 + >/'5? >  >5 =5 & 53 3'& + ?3*? & 5 &3++3&'+ 5 >5 & +&43353'> ?*53+'5+ 5+ ?*53+'5+  5 =&?/5+ 5 +44. A+ 5 CA =54 '&5?! 53+ @3'? & +4 +5/5/ ?&+ '&5 ?55 & 5 5 & 5 &3++3&'+  ;3'> =5 & 5 +4 & > =3? 5& 5 =4&+ & +*3+ '?? 5& 5 &='! + 5 C&/5 4? 3' &%ilippine =uplicators, Inc. v. 0L$C. T =5353&'+ 43' &' &/ /43'> 3'  alam v. 0ational Labor $elations Commission ! >?3'> 5 =&= ==353&' & K/3543+! + 5 =/5 35! 3+ 3+=4?. W34 T4! 3' 5 35? +! '? Y;&4 '? R3*! 3' 53+ +!  '&5 /'455? =4&+! 53 +35/53&'+ ?3 3' 44 &5 +=5+. I' alam! 5 =4& 3*?  *4/;4 &'+3?53&' & 3+ 4++ 5' 5& + & +*3 35 5 &='  + '&5 +&5'>? '? '& ++'534 /'3'++ 5&&@ =4. I' 53+ +! + 5 CA '&5?! 5 +=53&' = 5 +=&'?'5+  3*? + ?33'5 ; 5 4+5 "00!000.00 5/+! 5  >3*' &'4 4 & 5 &/'5 5  4>44 '5354? 5&. T& ; +/!  +554'5 /'? 5+ 5+ 3+ '&5 '? ''&5 ;  +&';4 &'! >3*' +=344 5 +=&'?'5+ 4'>5 & +*3 Q 2 + & Y;&4 '? 1< + & R3*. T CA + &5 ' 35 &=3'? 55 5 +=&'?'5+  3' ?3 +535+ ' 5 /5? 5 4+K/3543 3?*35+. W35&/5 &;+ '? 35 343+ 5& +/==&5! 5  ?443? 3' /53'> 5 K/3543 3'+5/'5! ;/5  *'5/44 &? 5& +3>' >3*' 53 3/+5'+.

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ELEAKAR S. PADILLO1 Pe-i-i(ner1 *. R$RAL BAN OF NAB$NT$RAN1 INC.1 an, MAR S. OROPEKA1 Resp(n,en-s. FACTS 5353&'! 5 45 E4 ?344& (?344&)! + ' =4& & +=&'?'5 R/4 B'@ &   N;/'5/'! I'. (B'@) + 35+ SA B&&@@=. D/ 5& 43K/3?35 =&;4+ 3' 200,! 5 B'@ 5&&@ &/5 53'53'+/' =4'+ 35 343==3' A3' L3 '? G'4 I'+/' C&=' (34 L3) &  44 35+ =4&+ 3' '533=53&' & 35+ =&++3;4 4&+/ '? 5 &'&35'5 +*' & 35+ =+&''4. R+=&'?'5 M@ O&= 3+ 5 =+3?'5 '? & +5&@&4? & 5 ;'@. ?344& +/?  34? +5&@ ?/ 5& =5'+3&' 3 &'+K/'54 3=3? 3+ ;3435 5& 53*4 =/+/ 3+ &@. H &5  455 ??++? 5& O&= =++3'> 3+ 3'5'53&' 5& *34 & ' 4 53'5 =@>. D+=35 +*4 &44&-/=+! 3+ K/+5 3'? /'??. N&5 *3'> 3*? 3+ 43? 53'5 ;'35+! ?344& 34? 35 5 NLRC  &=43'5 & 5 &* & /'=3? 53'5 ;'35+. T L;& A;35 ?3+3++? ?344&+ &=43'5 &' 5 >&/'? 55 5 455 ?3? '&5 K/43 5& 3* ' ;'35+ /'? A534 ,00 & 5 L;& C&? +  + &'4 35-3* () + &4? '  +3>'?! 34 5 4 +=3344 =&*3?+ & ' &=53&'4 53'5 > & +35 (60) '? &=/4+& 53'5 > & +35-3* (6). ?344& 4*5? 5 55 5& 5 NLRC. T NLRC *+? 5 L;& A;35+ /43'>. A>>3*?! O&= '? 5 B'@ 34?  =5353&' & 53&3 35 5 CA. T CA *+? 5 NLRC+ /43'> ;/5 35 &?3353&'. I5 ?35? 5 +=&'?'5+ 5& = ?344& 5 &/'5 & 0!000.00 + 3''34 ++3+5' 4/+3* & 5 100!000.00 34 L3 4' ;'35. D3+=4+? 35 5 CA+ /43'>! ?344& ('& +/;+535/5? ; 3+ 4>4 3+ ?/ 5& 3+ ?5) 34? 5 3'+5'5 =5353&' ;& 5 S/= C&/5.

ISS$E W5 & '&5 ?344& 3+ '5354? 5& 43 & +=53&' '? 53'5 ;'35+ /'? 5 L;&  C&?P

HELD T6e pe-i-i(n is par-l9 5eri-(ri(2s. Disease as r(2n, :(r -er5ina-i(n re-ire5en- 8ene:i-s A5 5 &/5+5! 35 /+5 ; 3'53'? 55 5 L;& C&? =&*3+3&' &' 53'53&' &' 5 >&/'? &  ?3++ /'? A534 2<7 ?&+ '&5 ==4 3' 53+ +! &'+3?3'> 55 35 + ?344& '? '&5 5 B'@ & +*? 5 =4&'5 453&'+. A =43' ?3'> & 5 A534 2<7 & 5 L;& C&? 44 =+/==&++ 55 35 3+ 5 =4& & 53'5+ 5 +*3+ & 5 =4& &/'? 5& ; +/3'> & ' ?3++ '? &+ &'53'/? =4&'5 3+ =&3;35? ; 4 & 3+ =/?334 5& 3+ 45 + 44 + 5& 5 45 & 3+ &-=4&+. I5 ?&+ '&5 &'5=45  +35/53&'  35 3+ 5 =4& & +*+ 3+ &   =4&'5 53+. W5 3'+ ==43;4! &*! 3+ 5 L;& C&? =&*3+3&' &' 53'5. I' 5 ;+' & ' ==43;4 >'5! ' =4& /+5 (1) 53 '  3+ 5 4+5 +35 (60) + & > '? (2) +* 5 4+5 () + 3' 5 &=' 5& '5354 3 5&  53'5 ;'35 & 5 4+5 &'-4 (12) &'5 +4 & *  & +*3! 35  53&' & 5 4+5 +3 (6) &'5+ ;3'> &'+3?? + &' &4 .  N&5;4! 5+ > '? 5'/ K/3'5+  //453* '? '&'- &=43' 35 &' '>5+ 5

Page148of153 =4&+ '5354'5 5& 5 53'5 ;'35+ /'? A534 ,00 & 5 L;& C&? 45&>5. I' 53+ +! 35 3+ /'?3+=/5? 55 5 3+5+ '& 53'5 =4'! &4453* ;>3'3'> >'5 &  ' &5 K/3*4'5 &'55 ;5' 5 =53+ 3 +5 &/5 5 5+ '? &'?353&' & 5 53'5 &  =4&+! 35 5 +&4 =53&' & 5 34 L3 4' 3 =3/+ ? 4? ;' =3? ; 5 B'@. U'&5/'54! 34 ?344& + ;4 5& &=4 35 5 3* ()  5'/ K/3'5 J +  +*? & 5'5-'3' (2<) + J ! &*! 44 +&5 35 +=5 5& 5 +35 (60)  > K/3'5 >3*' 55  + &'4 35-3* () + &4? '  53?. T&! 35&/5 =/?3 5& 5 =&?+ ?/ /'? 5 34 L3 4'! =5353&'+ 43 & 53'5 ;'35+ /+5 ; ?'3?.  N*54++! 5 C&/5 &'/+ 35 5 CA 55 3''34 ++3+5' +&/4? ; ?? ;/5 5 ' 3'+? &/'5. W35  *35;4 /'?+5'?3'> 55 5 ? & 3''34 ++3+5' 3+ /+/44 5 3'4 /> & 5 4;&! &'+3?3'> + 44 5 +/=*'3'> 4'>5 & 53 3 ? +?4 &*5@' 5 =&3'5 & ?344&+ ?5 J ' =4& & ? ?*&5? 5'5-'3' (2<) + & ??35? +*3 5& 5 B'@ J  5 C&/5! 3' 43>5 & 5 ?355+ & +&34 /+53! &4?+ 55 5 CA+ 3''34 ++3+5' ? +&/4? ; 3'+? & 0!000.00 5& 7!000.00! +5344 4/+3* & 5 100!000.00 ;'35 3*;4 ; 5  =5353&'+ /'? 5 34 L3 4' 3 3'+ /'?3+=/5?.

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GRACE CHRISTIAN HIGH SCHOOL1 represen-e, 89 i-s Principal1 DR. 'AMES TAN1 Pe-i-i(ner1 *. FILIPINAS A. LAANDERA1 Resp(n,en-.

FACTS F343=3'+ + =4&? ; =5353&' G C3+53' H3> S&&4 (GCHS) + 3> +&&4 5  +3' #/'1<77! 35  &'54 +4 & 1!662.00 + & M ,1! 2001. O' A/>/+5 ,0! 2001! F343=3'+ 34?  &=43'5 & 344>4 (&'+5/53*) ?3+3++4! '&'-='5 & +*3 3''53* 4* (SIL) =! +=53&' =! +*3 44&'! ?>+! '? 55&'+ + >3'+5 GCHS '?& 35+ =3'3=4! D. #+ T'. S 44>? 55 &' M 11! 2001! + + 3'&? 55   +*3+  5& ; 53'5? 53* M ,1! 2001! =/+/'5 5& GCHS 53'5 =4' 3 >3*+ 5 +&&4 5 &=53&' 5& 53  5 & + '?? 5 4+5 20 + & +*3! >?4++ & >! 35  53'5 = & &'-4 (_) &'5 & *  & +*3. A5 55 53! F343=3'+ + &'4  + &4? '? +5344 =+344 35 5& &@. S =4?? 35 GCHS 5& 44&  5& &'53'/ 53'> ;/5  +*3+  53'5?! &'5 5& 5 =&*3+3&'+ & R=/;43 A5 N&. (RA) 76"1! &53+ @'&' + 5 R53'5  L. LA ?3+3++? 5 344>4 ?3+3++4 + ;/5 &/'? 5 53'5 ;'35+ =;4 /'? GCHS =4' 5& ; ?33'5. NLRC *+? LA+ ? '? 4? 55 53'5 = +&/4? ; &=/5? ;+? &'   &'54 +4 5 5 53 &  53'5. CA &?33? NLRC+ ?3+3&' '? /4? 55 5 &=/553&' & &'-4 &'5 +4 ; K/53'> 35 5&22. ?+.

ISS$E W5 & '&5 5 /453=43 22. ?+ 3+ 5& ; /+? 3' &=/53'> 5 53'5 = ?3'534+ & F343=3'+.

HELD  

YES. RA 76"1! 3 + '5? &' D;
 =&*3?3'> & 5 /4+ &' 53'5 = 5& K/433? =3*5 +5& =4&+ 3' 5 ;+' & ' 53'5 =4' 3' 5 +5;43+'5. T +3? 4 +55+ 55 ' =4&+ 53'5 ;'35+ /'? ' &4453* ;>3'3'> >'5 (CBA)9'? &5 >'5+ +44 '&5 ; 4++ 5' 5&+ =&*3?? /'?  5 + J that is# at least one!half $%&'( )onth salary for e"ery year of ser"ice# a fraction of at least si*  $+( )onths eing consi,ere, as one -hole year  J '? 55 /'4++ 5 =53+ =&*3? & ;&? 3'4/+3&'+! 5 5 &'-4 (12) &'5 +4 +44 ' 35' (1) ?+ =4/+ &'-545 (112) & 5 1,5 &'5  = '? 5 + K/3*4'5 & '&5 & 5' 3* () ?+ & +*3 3''53* 4*+.

Applica8ili-9 (: -6e %3 5(n-6 salar9 pr(*isi(n 1. 2.

T 3+ '& CBA & &5 ==43;4 >'5 =&*3?3'> & 53'5 ;'35+ 5& =4&+! &  T 3+  CBA & &5 ==43;4 >'5 =&*3?3'> & 53'5 ;'35+ ;/5 35 3+ ;4& 5 K/3'5 +5 ; 4.

Page150of153 V34! 5 ?53'3'> 5& 3' &&+3'> 3 53'5 + 5& ==4 3+ +5344 +/=3&35 3' 5+ & ;'35+ =&*3??.

I' 5 =+'5 +! GCHS +  53'5 =4' & 35+ /45 '? '&'-/45 ;+! 3 >3*+ 35 5 &=53&' 5& 53  5 & + '?? 5 4+5 20 + & +*3! >?4++ & >! 35  53'5 = & &'-4 (12) &'5 & *  & +*3. Consi,ering# ho-e"er# that C/S  co)ute, 1iliinas2 retire)ent ay -ithout inclu,ing one!t-elfth $%&%'( of her %3th )onth ay an, the cash eui"alent of her fi"e $5( ,ays SIL# oth the NL6C an, the CA correctly rule, that 1iliinas2  retire)ent enefits shoul, e co)ute, in accor,ance -ith Article '78 of the Laor Co,e# as a)en,e, y  6A 8+4%# eing the )ore eneficent retire)ent sche)e. T ?3! &*! 3' 5 +/453'> ;'35

?3'534+ ?/ 5& ?3*>'5 3'5=553&'+ & 5 5 &'-4 (12) &'5 +4 + /+? /'? 5 4.

Eleir *. P6ilippine Airlines1 Inc. &'-4 (12) &'5 +4 '+ 22. ?+: 1 ?+ =4/+ 2. ?+ =+'53'> &'-545 (112) & 5 1,5 &'5 = '? 5 3'3'>  ?+ & SIL. T C&/5 ++ '& +&' 5& ?=5 & 53+ 3'5=553&'. GCHS >/'5 5& 55 5  ?+ SIL +&/4? ; 43@3+ =&-5? 5& 53 112 K/3*4'5 /+5 34. M&&*! 5 C&/5 4? 55 5 ? & 4>4 3'5+5 5 5 5 & 6 = ''/ &' 5 &/'5 & 6!10.00 =+'53'> 5 53'5 = ?3'534+ ?/ F343=3'+ shoul, e rec9one, fro) the ren,ition of the LA2s Decision on March '+# '00' an, not fro) the filing of the illegal ,is)issal  co)laint.

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BANCO DE ORO $NIBAN1 INC. ! &etitioner ! v. G$ILLERMO C. SAGAYSAY! $espondent . Fac-s O' M 16! 2006! +=&'?'5 G/344& S>+ ( Sa#aysay) + 3? ; =5353&' B'& D O& U'3;'@! I'.! ( ?=3) + S'3& A&/'53'> A++3+5'5  3' 35+ S' #&+! N/* E3! ;' +  +/45 &  > 35 U'35? O*++ B'@ ( )3?)! 35 BDO + 5 +/*3*3'> ;'@. S>+ + =*3&/+4 =4&? 3' UOB & 200" 5& 2006 & & 5& (2) +. 3& 55&!  &@? & M5&=&435' B'@  '? T/+5 C&. ( Metroban+ ) & 1<76 5& 200" &  =3&? & 5'5-3>5 (2) +. I'  455!6 ?5? #'/ ! 2010! BDO 3'&? S>+ 55! =/+/'5 5& 5 53'5 =&43 &  5 ;'@ 3 '?5? 35+ 53'5 > 5& ; +35 (60)!  &/4? ; &44 53? 53* S=5; 1! 2010!   ?+ 5 3+ 60 5 ;35?. T '&4 & &=/4+& 53'5 > & 5 ;'@  + ;+? &' 35+ 53'5 =4' 7 3 + 3=4'5? &' #/4 1! 1<<"! S53&' 1! A534 V & 3 ?+: I' ' -34!< ?5? #/4 27! 2010! S>+ &5 55! 45&/> 5 53 ? & 55 5 BDO R53'5 &> &/4? ; 3=4'5? 5& 5&+ 3'> 5 > & +35 (60)!  K/+5? 55 3+ +*3+ ; 5'?? ;/+  ? ' &/5+5'?3'> 4&' '? 3+ 34?'  +5344 3' &44>. H ++/? BDO 55  + 45 '? &/4? +5344 =& 3+ ?/53+ 3' 5 ;'. BDO ?'3? S>++ K/+5. I' '&5 -34! 10 ?5? A/>/+5 1+ ==4? 5& BDO 5& 5'? 3+ +*3 & . &'5+ & /= 5& M 16! 2011 +& 55  &/4? '? 5 4+5 3* () + & =4&'5 3 &/4? '5354 3 5& 0 & 3+ ;+3 = & *  & +*3 /=&' 3+ 53'5. BDO ?'3? S>++ ==4 '? 53? 3 &' S=5; 1! 2010. A+ & 3+ 4+5 ? & &@!  + '3'>  &'54 +4 &  2!0".00. S>+ 5' +3>'? R4+! W3* '? $/3543 11 (/uitclaim)! ?5? O5&; 22! 2010! & '? 3' &'+3?53&' & <!,76.1". T K/3543 +55?! &'> &5+! 55 3' &'+3?53&' & 5 &>&3'>  ='5! S>+ 4+? '? ?3+>? 5 ;'@! 35+ 3435+ '? 35+ +/;+3?33+ & ' 53&'! +/35! 43 & ?'? 3' &''53&' 35 3+ =4&'5. O' #'/ 10! 2011! S>+ 34?  &=43'5 12 & 344>4 ?3+3++4 35 = & 3'+55'5 '? ='5 & ;@>+! &4 ?>+! =4 ?>+! '? 55&'+  >3'+5 BDO ;& 5 L;& A;35 ( LA). H 43? 55 ?+=35 3+ ==4! BDO &=/4+& 53? 3 &' S=5; 1! 2010. A+  +/45!  '? 3+ 34 +/? ?>+ 3' 5 &/'5 & 2!22!"0,.00 3  &/4? * 3*? 3  + ? 5& 53 5 5 > & +35-3* (6). F& 35+ =5! BDO &/'5? 55 5 5 ;'@ ?'3? S>++ K/+5 & 5'+3&' & +*3+!  + =3? 5 &/'5 & <!,76.1" =+'53'> 5 /44 '? 3'4 +554'5 & 3+ &='+53&'! 44&'+! ;'35+ '? &5 &4/'5+. BDO +5++? 55  + '&5 ?3+3++? ;/5 + 53? & 5 +*3.

ISS$E

Page152of153 WHETHER THE RETIREMENT LAN IS VALID AND EFFECTIVE AND! CONSE$UENTLY! THE MANDATORY RETIREMENT AGE OF 60 YEARS OLD IS ALSO BINDING.

R$LING T C&/5 3'?+ 5 =5353&' 35&3&/+. T =5353&' ++'5344 '5+ &' 5 5 #/' 1! 1<<" 53'5 =4' 3+ *43? '? 53* >3'+5 S>+. T& +&4* 53+ 3++/!  *3 & 5 4*'5 4+ '? /3+=/?' >?3'> 5 &=/4+& 53'5 > 3+ '5?.  La*s

and

2urisprudence

on

early

a#e

of

retirement 

R53'5 3+ 5 +/45 &  ;3454 5 & 5 =53+!  *&4/'5 >'5 ;5' 5 =4&  '? 5 =4& ; 5 455! 5 3'>  53' >! >+ 5& +* 3+ &  =4&'5 35 5 &.2" A534 27 & 5 L;& C&? 3+ 5 =3 =&*3+3&' 3 >&*'+ 5 > & 53'5 '? +55+: A5. 27. R53'5. 

In -6e a8sence (: a re-ire5en- plan (r aree5en- pr(*i,in :(r re-ire5en- 8ene:i-s (:  e5pl(9ees in -6e es-a8lis65en- ! ' =4& /=&' 3'> 5 > & +35 (60) + & &! ;/5 '&5  ;&'? +35-3* (6) + 3 3+ ; ?4? 5 &=/4+& 53'5 >! & + +*? 5 4+5 3* () + 3' 5 +3? +5;43+'5!  53 '? +44 ; '5354? 5& 53'5 = K/3*4'5 5& 5 4+5 &'-4 (12) &'5 +4 & *  & +*3!  53&' & 5 4+5 +3 (6) &'5+ ;3'> &'+3?? + &' &4 . D&/;54++! /'? 53+ =&*3+3&'! 5 53'5 > 3+ =334 ?53'? ; 5 3+53'> >'5 &  =4&'5 &'55. O'4 3' 5 ;+' & +/ ' >'5 +44 5 53'5 > ; 3? ; 4! 3 =&*3?+ &  &=/4+& 53'5 > 5 6 +! 34 5 3'3/ > & &=53&'4 53'5 3+ +5 5 60 +. 24? R53'5 =4'+ 44&3'> =4&+ 5& 53 =4&+ & * '&5 5 ? 5 &=/4+& 53'5 > & 6 +  '&5 = + =/>''5 5& 5 &'+535/53&'4 >/'5 & +/35 & 5'/. B 35+ =++ 4'>/>! 5 L;& C&? =35+ =4&+ '? =4&+ 5& 3 5 ==43;4 53'5 > 5 60 + & ;4&! =&*3?? 55 5 =4&+ 53'5 ;'35+ /'? ' CBA '? &5 >'5+ +44 '&5 ; 4++ 5' 5&+ =&*3?? 53'. A=5' ; 5 =4&+ & ' 4 53'5 > &=53&' /+5 ; =4335! *&4/'5! ! '? /'&=44?. W34 ' =4&  /'34544 53 ' =4& 43 5' 5 4>44 =3++3;4 >+ /'? 5 L;& C&?! 53+ =&>53* /+5 ; 3+? =/+/'5 5&  /5/44 3'+535/5? 4 53'5 =4'. I' &5 &?+! &'4 5 3=4'553&' '? /53&' & 5 &=53&'  ; /'3454! ;/5 '&5 5 ?&=53&' '? 3'+535/53&' & 5 53'5 =4' &'53'3'> +/ &=53&'. F& 5 &=53&' 5& ; *43?! 5 53'5 =4' &'53'3'> 35 /+5 ; *&4/'534 ++'5? 5& ; 5 =4&+ & 5 4+5 ;  &35 &  5 5&/>  ;>3'3'> =+'553*. ,1 A +/53' & 5 ;&*-?3+/++? ++ *4+ 55 5 53'5 =4' + ?&=5? after  5 =4&+  3? ; 53 =4&. T3+ 3+ 3' +5@ &'5+5 35 5 + 5 ;' 3' 5 ?&=53&' & 5 53'5 =4'  before  5 33'> & S>+. T/+! 5 =+'5 =5353&' =&5+  /'3K/  =?3'5 &' 5  53'5 =4' ?&=5? ;& 5 =4&'5 & ' =4& 3+ ?? ;3'?3'> &' 5 455. Sa#aysay %e

*as case

sufficiently of

informed Cercado

of

t%e is

retirement not

plan applicable

T + & Cercado 3+ '&5 ==43;4 3' 5 =+'5 + + 35 +  ?3'5 5/4 343/.  First ! 3'Cercado ! 5 =5353&' + =4&? &' D; 1! 1<7! 3 + 4&+5 t*o 485 years before t%e adoption of t%e employer@s retirement plan &' A=34 1! 1<0. T C&/5 =43'? 55! 4&>344!   =4&'5 &'55 ?3? '&5 3'4/? 5 53'5 =4'! / 4++ 5 4 53'5 > &=53&' &'53'?