Landscape Ecology Lecture 08 Landscape Dynamic

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VPJG_JV%VPJG_JV DJGMEJCM KMG_CMV

Vpia' Dp' Jp' Vpia' Jp' Bmdj _~sjki Mpjajg+ E'_' Dnvmptneng Dnvmpt neng Mpsjtnc Mpsjtnct~p t~p Kmgscmv _ncikm _nc ikmb b Vms Vmsoms omsmph mphmgm mgm % JV@

Djgmej Djgm ejcm cm km kmgs gscm cmv v tn tnpl plmg mgt~ t~gl gl vmdm 4 amcti tip p ~tmem8 

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Apnc~ngsj lmgll~mg Kmh~)Tjglcmt vnp`mjcmg "pnoiqnpz* dmpj lmgll~mg ^c~pmg mtm~ `nsmpgzm)k~msgzm svmtjmk dmpj cnhmdjmg lmgll~mg ^c~pmg mtm~ k~msgzm svmtjmk dmpj kmgscmv

Vmdm ~e~egzm ‛kmgd eismjo― tjdmc enejkjcj `ngt~c zmgl vnpemgng+ tntmvj `np~`mb dmkme c~mkjtms+ ~c~pmg+ `ngt~c dmg s~s~gmg p~mgl vmtobns' Djgmejcm jgj enp~vmcmg bmsjk dmpj sns~mt~ zmgl cievkncs+ vpisns%vpisns  e~ktjsomkn dmg enejkjcj cnvngtjglmg zmgl `nsmp `mlj sn`mljmg `nsmp iplmgjsen bjd~v'

T^PGNP nt mk tnkmb ene`ndmcmg Vmpmentnp Tnevipmk "T* sn`mlmj vnp`mgdjglmg "pmtji* dmpj jgtnpqmk lmgll~mg "zmjt~ jgtnpqmk mgtmpm lmgll~mg zmgl `npt~p~t%t~p~t* tnpbmdmv |m |mct ct~ ~ pno pnoiq iqnp npz z "vnp`mjcmg) vngzne`~bmg* |mct~ zmgl dj`~t~bcmg `mlj mpnm zmgl tnplmgll~ ~gt~c cne`mkj hmdj tmbmv dn|msm*

Tjlm Tj lm Cm Cms~ s~s s Vm Vmpm pmen entn tnp p Tnev Tnevip ipmk mk 

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Jgtnpqmk djst~p`mgon kn`jb vmghmgl dmpjvmdm |mct~ pnoiqnpz "T 7 =* Jgtnpqmk djst~p`mgon smem dnglmg |mct~ pnoiqnpz "T 5 =* Jgtnpqmk djst~p`mgon kn`jb vngdnc dmpjvmdm |mct~ pnoiqnpz "T ; =*

Vmpmentnp _vmtjmk "_* djdnajgjsjcmg sn`mlmj pmtji mgtmpm ~c~pmg lmgll~mg dmg ~c~pmg dmpj ‛tbn kmgdsomvn ia jgtnpnst―'

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D~m Tjvn Pmtji _vm _vmtjmk 

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Djst~p`mgon kn`jb `nsmp dmpjvmdm ‛kmgdsomvn ia  jgtnpnst―3 dmkme cms~s jgj djgmejcm kmgscmv tjdmc dmvmt djvpndjcsj cmpngm kmgscmv tnpkmk~ cnojk ~gt~c engojpjcmg nanc dmg ~gt~c en%pnoiqnp lmgll~mg' Djst~p`mgon kn`jb cnojk dmpjvmdm k~msmg kmgscmv'

Vnembmemg tnpbmdm Vnembmemg tnpbmdmv v djgmejc djgmejcm m kmgscm kmgscmv v jevkjc jev kjcmsj msj `ns `nsmp mp tnp tnpbmd bmdmv mv vnglnki vnglnkikmmg kmmg kmgscmv dmg vnp vnpngo ngomgmm mgmmg g pns pnsnpq npqmsj msj mkm mkme e' _nemcjg `nsmp ‛pnsnpqn― snemcj snemcjg g tjgll tjglljj vpi`m vpi`m`jkjtz `jkjtz `mb|m `mb |m sn` sn`~mb ~mb kmg kmgscm scmv v dmv dmvmt mt ene enevnp vnpsmt smt~cmg ~cmg "jgoipvipmtn* snk~p~b snk~p~b lmg lmgll~ ll~mg mg mkm mkme' e' Enscjj tjd Ensc tjdmc mc djc djcntm ntmb~j b~j dng dnglmg lmg `mj `mjc c `mb `mb|m |m sn`~mb sn`~m b kmgs kmgscmv cmv enev enevnglm nglmp~bj p~bj djgm djgmejcm ejcm dmpj cievigng ciev igng ncis ncisjstnegz jstnegzm+ m+ tntmvj djcn djcntmb~j tmb~j `mb|m `mb |m vng vnglmp lmp~b ~b kmg kmgscm scmv v smgl smglmt mt vng vngtjgl tjgl dmk dmkme me vnglngdmkjm vngln gdmkjmg g vpisn vpisnss ncis ncisjstne' jstne'

Vnp~`mb np~`mbmg mg ncisj ncisjstne stne pngdm pngdmb b mvm`j mvm`jkm km cigstpmj cigs tpmjgt%c gt%cigstp igstpmjgt mjgt kmgs kmgscmv cmv pngd pngdmb+ mb+ dmg vnp vnp~`m ~`mbmg bmg tjg tjgllj llj cn cntjc tjcm m vis visjsj jsj ncisjs nci sjstne tne dmk dmkme me kmg kmgscm scmv v kn` kn`jb jb djncsvisn djncsv isn tnpbmd tnpbmdmv mv vnp~`m vnp~`mbmg' bmg' Oigtib Oig tib 8 O~mo O~mom m dmn dmnpmb pmb v~g v~gomc omc l~g l~g~gl ~gl dmvmtt `np dmvm `np~`mb ~`mb sno snompm mpm dpm dpmstj stjss dmk dmkme me |mct~ |mct ~ sjg sjglcmt lcmt dmg vng vnglmp lmp~b ~b zmg zmgl l c~mt dmvmtt tnp dmvm tnphmdj hmdj vmd vmdm m nc ncisj isjstn stne e vmd vmdm m cnmdmmg cnmdm mg tnpsn tnpsn`~t' `~t'

@np`mlmj emome kmgscmv dmvmt djvnglmp~bj iknb pnljen lmgll~mg zmgl `np`ndm vmdm scmkm%scmkm ‛svmtjitnevipmk― zmgl `np`ndm'

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Mvkjcmsj cig Mvkjcmsj cigsnv snv ‛Gig%N}~jkj`pj~e Gig%N}~jkj`pj~e―― tmevmc tme vmc eng enghmg hmghjc hjcmg mg ~gt ~gt~c ~c ene enevnk vnkmhm mhmpj pj s~mt~ ncis ncisjstne' jstne' Ncisjstne Ncis jstne enevnp enevnpjkbm jkbmtcmg tcmg cnmd cnmdmmg mmg zmgl `nplmgtj `nplmgtj%lmgtj %lmgtj "qmpjm`jkjtz * cntjcm ‛nrtnpgmk stje~k~s― "pmglsmglmg " pmglsmglmg ncst nc stnp npgm gmkk st stpn pnss ss** snv snvnp nptj tj tn tnph phmd mdjg jgzm zm b~hmg b~hm g msm msme e mtm~ vnp vnp~`m ~`mbmg bmg ckj ckjemt emtjc' jc'

Enscj nc Enscj ncisj isjstn stne e eng engnpj npjem em o~m o~mom om zmg zmgl l smem++ cjt smem cjtm m dmv dmvmt mt eng englbm lbmpmv pmvcmg cmg vis visjsj jsj kmgscmv kmgs cmv enghmd enghmdjj vpndj vpndjctip ctip ‛qmpjm`jkjtz ― tnevipmk tnevip mk dmg svmtjm svmtjmk' k' Oigtib 8 vpisn vpisns%vpis s%vpisns ns lnikil lnikiljj snvnp snvnptj tj npisj npi sj dmg vng vnglng lngdmv dmvmg mg dmvm dmvmtt engzn`m`cmg engzn `m`cmg kmgd kmgdaipe aipe zmgl `npvng `np vnglmp lmp~b ~b vmdm cmp cmpmct mctnp np tmg tmgmb mb `npvnglmp~ `npvn glmp~b b tnpbmd tnpbmdmv mv vpisn vpisnss `jicj `jicjejm ejm tmgmb'

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_TM@JKJTM_ DMKME KMG_CMV 

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_tm`jkjt _tm`j kjtms ms dmk dmkme me kmg kmgscm scmv v mdm mdmkmb kmb sn` sn`~mb ~mb bmk zmg zmgl l `npb~`~gl `np b~`~glmg mg dngl dnglmg mg scmkm' Kmgscmv%kmg Kmgsc mv%kmgscmv scmv scmkm `nsm `nsmpp enev enevnpkj npkjbmtcm bmtcmg g vnp~`mbmg vnp~ `mbmg cnoj cnojk+ k+ tntm tntmvj vj vmdm s~mt~ kmgscm kmgscmv v `nps `npscmkm cmkm cnojk cn ojk emc emcm m vnp vnp~`m ~`mbmg bmg dmv dmvmt mt tn tnphm phmdj dj dn dnglm glmg g onv onvmt' mt' _nomp _n ompm m ~e~ ~e~e e vmd vmdm m scm scmkm km k~m k~mss vnp vnp~`m ~`mbmg bmg dmk dmkme me cievisjsj ciev isjsj dmg stp~ stp~ct~p ct~p kmgscm kmgscmv v ene` ene`~t~bc ~t~bcmg mg vnpjidn vnpj idn |mct |mct~ ~ zmgl vmghmg vmghmgl l ~gt~c engl englme`j me`jkk tnevm tn evmt+ t+ tn tntmv tmvjj vmd vmdm m scm scmkm km cn cnojk ojk bmk jgj dmv dmvmt mt tnp tnphmd hmdjj vmdm vmd m |mc |mct~ t~ zmg zmgl l smg smglmt lmt vng vngdn dnc' c'

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_tm`jkjtms b~tmg tpivjs `npb~`~glmg dnglmg pnljen jckje enkmk~j o~pmb b~hmg' _tm`jkjtms dmvmt eng~p~g iknb cnhmdjmg%cnhmdjmg zmgl  hmpmgl snvnptj ‛tm~amg scmkm `nsmp― mtm~ iknb vnp~`mbmg dmkme sjpc~kmsj mteisajp zmgl djsn`m`cmg iknb mp~s%mp~s mkjpmg onvmt " stpnme  hnt o~ppngts*' Djkmjg vjbmc+ qnlntmsj snvmghmgl s~glmj dj |jkmzmb endjtnppmgjmg endjtnppmgjmg dj `m|mb mgomemg cigstmg dmpj `mghjp zmgl tjdmc djbmpmvcmg+ dmvmt snompm dpmemstjs enp~`mb `ngt~c dmg stp~ct~p kmvjsmg `m|mb'

Lmgll~mg stm`jkjtms tnphmdj vmdm kmgscmv mkmej em~v~g kmgscmv `~mtmg emg~sjm+ englbmsjkcmg snompm hnkms nanc%nanc zmgl smem+ tntmvj bmp~s bmtj%bmtj dji`snpqmsj ~gt~c englngmk a~glsj% a~glsj dmpj sjstne%sjstne zmgl tnplmgll~' N'l' emg~sjm enevnglmp~bj kmgscmv snompm `npmlme sns~mj dnglmg tjglcmtmg cncnpmsmg dj emgm emg~sjm enp~`mb kmgscmv dmg engll~gmcmg s~e`np dmzm'

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Vmdm kmgscm kmgscmv v mkmej `n` `n`npmv npmvm m vngst vngstp~ct p~ct~pmg ~pmg nkneng nkn eng kn` kn`jb jb png pngtmg tmg dmp dmpjvm jvmdm dm kmj kmjggz ggzm' m' N'l' Qn Qnlntm lntmsj sj dmnp dmnpmb mb snvmg snvmghmgl hmgl s~glmj "pjqnpjgn * tnpcigdj tnp cigdjsjcmg sjcmg iknb `mghj `mghjpp e~sje e~sjemg mg zmgl dmvmt enp~sm enp ~smc c sno snompm mpm ajs ajsjc jc kmv kmvjsm jsmg g `m| `m|mb mb dj emg emgm m tmgmemg tmgme mg `np `npmcmp mcmp++ tnt tntmvj mvj vmdm b~tmg t~m+ ejsmkgz ejs mkgzm m s~m s~mt~ t~ cn cn`mc `mcmpm mpmg g cn cnpms pms dmv dmvmt mt en enp~s p~smc mc `n`np `n `npmvm mvm tmg tmgmem memg g tn tntmv tmvjj tjd tjdmc mc snk snk~p~ ~p~b b b~t b~tmg+ mg+ snptm snp tm lmg lmgll~ ll~mg mg dmv dmvmt mt dn dnglm glmg g e~d e~dmb mb en enghm ghmdj dj engzm eng zmt~ t~ "jgoipvipmtnd *' *' Cm`mcmpmg Cm`mcmpmg zmgl cnpms cnpms enp~vmcmg enp~ vmcmg cnhm cnhmdjmg djmg zmgl hmpmg hmpmgl l vmdm scmkm pmt~smg pmt~ smg tmb~g tmb~g''

Vmdm scmkm kmgscmv snompm ~e~e stm`jkjtms mdmkmb djemgjanstmsjcmg iknb vikm%vikm oievkjomtnd zmjt~ cnbmdjpmg snompm kicmk vnp~`mbmg `npcmkm+ tntmvj vmdm scmkm `nsmp dmvmt enghmlm `ngt~c zmgl smem' Cmpngm jt~ vmdm scmkm DM_+ qnlntmsj s~glmj tmevmc kn`jb stm`jk cntjcm engli`snpqmsj snvmghmgl s~mt~ snctip tnpvjsmb dmpj smk~pmg s~glmj'

Mctjqjtms `np`~p~ dmg vngl~ev~k vmdm emszmpmcmt vpjejtjqn e~glcjg bmgzm enev~gzmj nanc cnojk tnpbmdmv stp~ct~p kmgscmv3 smem bmkgzm dnglmg nanc ememkjm `nsmp dj _mqmgm Mapjcm zmgl tjgllmk vmdm cigdjsj tjdmc mdm lmgll~mg' Ememkjm tnpsn`~t djcigdjsjcmg iknb tivilpmaj+ c~mkjtms tmgmb+ cntnpsndjmmg ngnplj dmg mjp'

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ENCMGJ_EN VNGZ^_^GMG _NGDJPJ "_NKA IPLMGJX IPL MGJXJGL JGL* * DMG KMG KMG_CMV _CMV 

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AMCTIP%AMCTIP VNE@NGT^C KMG_CMV

Encmgjsen vngz~s~gmg sngdjpj dmvmt enghmlm `ngt~c kmgscmv dmkme |mct~ vmghmgl+ tntmvj snompm ~e~e tnplmgt~gl vmdm cigtncs lnilpmajs' _nka%iplmgjxjgl "snka%pnjgtipojgl* szstne djdnajgjsjcmg sn`mlmj sns~mt~ zmgl engstp~ct~p dmg enevpisns+ enevnpc~mt smt~ smem kmjg' Dmkme ncisjstne cnc~mtmg "#* annd`moc mgtmpm e~t~mkjstjs tmgmemg dnglmg bntnpitpivbjos'

Cpjtnpjm vnptmem cmpmctnp emssm ~dmpm djjc~tj iknb ikn b jgt jgtngs ngsjtm jtmss pmd pmdjms jmsjj dmg vnp vnp~`m ~`mbmg bmg e~s e~sjem jemg g dmk dmkme me pnljen jckje' Tmgmb tnp tnpeidj eidjajcms ajcmsjj dmg `ngm `ngmp%`n p%`ngmp gmp djvn djvn%glmp %glmp~bj ~bj iknb jckje jckje'' _ns~mj _ns~mj dngl dnglmg mg cpjt cpjtnpjm npjm qnln qnlntmsj+ tmsj+ qnlnt qnlntmsj msj enev~gzmj ene v~gzmj `n` `n`npmv npmvm m cmvmsj cmvmsjtms tms ~gt~c ene eneidjaj idjajcmsj cmsj tmgmb+ tnt tntmvj mvj vngz vngzn`m` n`m` dmg nan nancgzm cgzm s~kjt djvjs djvjsmbcmg' mbcmg' Cnbmd Cn bmdjpm jpmg g bn| bn|mg mg vmd vmdm m stn stnv v tn tnpmc pmcbjp bjp vmd vmdm m bjp bjpmpc mpcjj jgj jgj++ tntmvj tnt mvj `mgz `mgzmc mc vngln vnglno~mkjmg o~mkjmg++ snvn snvnptj ptj dj |jkmz |jkmzmb mb snej mpjd dmkme mctjq mctjqjtms jtms ‛tnpejtn― "pmzmv)mgmj%mgmj* "pmzmv)mgmj%mgmj* dmvmt enp~`mb enp ~`mb a~gls a~glsjj qnlnt qnlntmsj' msj'

Vnglmp~b lmgll~mg emg~sjm tnpcmdmgl enkn`jbj vpisns mkme+ snompm kmgls~gl `npb~`~glmg dnglmg mctjqjtms emg~sjm8 

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Jgtngsjajcmsj vnptmgjmg Vnptmgjmg Vnpt mgjmg zmgl tnp`nglcmkmj tnp`nglcmkmj "m`mgdigengt* Tnpkmgdm Tn pkmgdm cn`mcmpmg Dnaipnstmsj Lpmxjgl Lpmx jgl iknb tnp tnpgmc gmc Vne`mgl~gmg

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Bjpmpcj dmpj amctip%amctip vne`ngt~c enevnglmp~bj eismjc kmgscmv+ dmpj jgtnpmcsj jgtn pmcsj%jgtn %jgtnpmcsj pmcsj jckje cn tmgmb dmg bn|mg'

VNP^@MBMG DMKME KMG_CMV ZMGL TNPLMGLL^ IKNB EMG^_JM 

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Dmkme kmgscm kmgscmv v zmgl djdi djdiejgms ejgmsjj iknb emg~s emg~sjm+ jm+ `mgz `mgzmc mc amcmtip%a amcmt ip%amctip mctip zmgl enp enp~`mb ~`mb jckje stp~ stp~ct~p ct~p dmg a~gls a~glsjj kmgscmv kmgscm v "n' "n'l' l' jgtn jgtngsjaj gsjajcmsj cmsj vnpt vnptmgjmg+ mgjmg+ kmbmg tnp`nglcmkmj+ vngjgdmsmg cn`mcmpmg+ dnaipnstmtjig+ dnaipnstmtjig+ lmpxjgl+ vne`mgl~gmg*' Kmgscm Kmg scmv v dmv dmvmt mt `n `np~` p~`mb mb cmp cmpngm ngm `n `n`np `npmvm mvm pn pnlje ljen n lmgll~ lmg ll~mg mg sno snompm mpm mkm mkmej ej em~ em~v~g v~g ikn iknb b emg emg~sj ~sjm' m' Lmgll~mg Lmgl l~mg mkme 8 `mghjp+ cn`mcmpmg+ `mdmj enevnglm ene vnglmp~bj p~bj snhmp snhmpmb mb nqik~ nqik~sj sj kmgscm kmgscmv' v'

Jgtngsj Jgtn gsjajc ajcmsj msj Vnp Vnptmgj tmgjmg mg 

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Eng~p~gcmg cievkncsjtms eismjc kmgscmv Vngzndnpbmgmmg Vngznd npbmgmmg sjck~s lnicjejm Vng~p~gmg vpisns%vpisns ncikiljs Vngzndnpbmgmmg Vngznd npbmgmmg pmgtmj emcmgmg Vng~p~gmg dmzm kngtjgl

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Vnptmg Vnp tmgjmg jmg zmg zmgl l Tnp`nglc Tnp`nglcmk mkmj mj "m`mgdigengt* 

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Ajpn _~vvpn Ajpn _~vvpnss ssjig jig % Tnpk Tnpkmgd mgdm m cn`mcmpmg 

@mgzmc tnphmdj dj gnlmpm%gnlmpm emh~ Vikm ~e~e vmdm gnlmpm%gnlmpm jgd~stpj+ cb~s~sgzm dj dmnpmb vnp`~cjtmg dmg vnl~g~glmg Vnglmp~b ~p`mgjsmsj

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Dnaipnstmtjig

^gt~c engd~lm vnp~`mbmg kmgscmv < vngl~c~pmg tnpbmdmv stp~ct~p kmgscmv djl~gmcmg8

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Enmg Vmtob _jxn "Titm "Titmkk h~ekmb vjrnks dj mpnm st~dz ) vmtobns Enmg _bmvn8 _ 5 "6'020 r cnkjkjgl* ) 6'> mpnm snka pnvnmtjgl Enmg Apmotmk Djengsjig _bmggig Jgdnr ia Djqnpsjtz8 B 5 % vj kil "vj* Vj 5 vpivipsj kmgscmv kmgsc mv dj~vm dj~vmzmc zmcmg mg "ioo "ioo~vjns ~vjns** iknb vmt vmtob ob vmdm vmdm ~sjm j Enmg Pjobgnss js tbn enmg g~e`np ia vmtob mln Enmg Mgl~knp8 _nompmeiengt mdmkmb mdmkmb jgdnr dmpj dmpj tnrt~ tnrt~pn pn scmkm scmkm bmk~s dmpj kmgscmv'

Kjqnstioc Lpmxjgl iknb Tnpgmc 

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Enevnglmp Enevng lmp~bj ~bj stp stp~c ~ct~p t~p dmg a~ a~gls glsjj kmg kmgscm scmv v sno snompm mpm dpmemtjs' Dngsjtms Dngsjt ms lpmxn lpmxnpp tjgll tjglljj 8 % tpmgvk tpmgvkjgl jgl "vngh "vnghnhmcmg nhmcmg** % gjtpil gjtpilng ng tmgmb tmgmb Lpmxjgl Lpmxjg l pnlje pnljen n enei eneidjajc djajcmsj msj cie cie~gjtm ~gjtmss tmgem tmgemg g % Eidnpmtn lpmxjgl pnljen djqnpsjtz tmgemg `nptme`mb % Tn Tncmgmg cmgmg lpmxj lpmxjgl gl djqnpsjtz djqnps jtz onvmt % O ig igtib stnvm vnpd~ djlmgtj iknb p~ev~t% p~ev~t p~ev ~t mgg~mk dmg vnpng vnpngjmk jmk

_n`mljmg `nsm _n`mljmg `nsmpp kmgscm kmgscmv v mkmej) mkmej)`~mt `~mtmg mg tnpstp~c tnps tp~ct~p t~p dmkme vmtob vngtj vngtjgl gl `mlj svnsjn svn sjnss tmg tmgmem memg g dmg bn| bn|mg mg @jkmmd @j kmmdm m lm lmgl gll~ l~mg mg tnphm hmd dj vn vnpp~` ~`mb mbmg mg dmkme sjstn sjstne e

@mgzmc tnphmdj dj b~tmg tpivjs Dnaipnstmsj eneidjajcmsj stp~ct~p dmg a~glsj kmgscmv+ engjglcmtcmg apmlengtmsj dmg h~ekmb dmpj ‛ndln bm`jtmt―+ engjglcmtcmg djqnpsjajcmsj ~sjm vicic tmgmemg+ engojvtmcmg `mtms kjgjnp dmg amsjkjtms jeejlpmsj dmpj svnsjns%svnsjns p~mgl tnp`~cm cn dmkme ‛aipnst jgtnpjip―'

Vne`mgl~gmg 

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^p`mgjsmsj dmg vne`mgl~gmg jgapmstp~ct~p8  hmkmg+ pnk CM+ mjpvipt' Vng~t~vmg tmgmb dmg dnstp~csj qnlntmsj mkme Eneidjajcmsj hmpjglmg bjdpikiljs dj vnpe~cmmg dmg dj `m|mb tmgmb Vne`mgl~gmg englm`sip`sj ngnplj zmgl `nsmp dmpj mjp+ s~e`np dmzm ejgzmc dmg emcmgmg+ dmg s~e`np dmzm ~gt~c tnpdnlpmdmsj8 tnpdnlpmd msj8 ngnplj vmgms+ kje`mb omjp o mjp dmg vmdmt'

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TNPJ TN PJEM EM CM CM_J _JB B

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