LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM PEMBUATAN BAHAN KOMPLEMEN KULIT (KODE MATA KULIAH : KB.KK.531)
Dosen Pembimbing : HIMAWAN HIMAWAN HENDRO SANTOPO
Nama Mahasiswa
: CHASBIYA CHASBIYATUR ROZAIA
N I M
: !"#!#!#$#
P%og%am S&'(i
: TP)*)ONS+ TB) , A-
)e.om/o0
:I
POLITEKNIK ATK Yogyakart Yogyakarta a 2015
MATERI POKOK PRAKTIKUM I
PEMBUATAN KOMPON KARET UNTUK OUT SOLE SEPATU CASUAL
POLITEKNIK A T K Yogyakarta Yogyakarta 2015
13
1. Tujuan juan Intr Intruks uks!n !na" a" U#u# U#u#
Mem/e.a1a%i (an me.a0sana0an me.a0sana0an /emb'a&an 0om/on 0a%e& 'n&'0 out sole 2so. sole 2so. .'a%- se/a&' 3as'a.+ $. Tujuan Intruks!na" K%usus
Se&e.ah me.a0sana0an me.a0sana0an /%a0&e04 /%a0&e04 mahasiswa mahasiswa (iha%a/0an (iha%a/0an mam/' mam/' memahami memahami (engan bai0 se3a%a man(i%i4&en&ang be%bagai ha. 5ang be%h'b'ngan (engan : a+ Mene Menen& n&'0 '0an an 0om/ 0om/os osis isii 1enis 1enis baha bahan n ba0' ba0' se%&a se%&a 0hem 0hemi0 i0a. a.ia ia 5ang 5ang a0an a0an (ig'na0an 'n&'0 /emb'a&an o'& so.e b+ Memb'a& 6o%m'.a 0om/on 'n&'0 'n&'0 out sole se/a&' sole se/a&' casual. 3+ Memb'a Memb'a&& 0om/ 0om/on on 0a%e& 0a%e& 'n&'0 'n&'0 out sole se/a&' sole se/a&' casual. (+ Me.a0sana0an Me.a0sana0an '1i 0ema&ang 0ema&angan an 0om/o 0om/on n (engan (engan Rheom Rheome&e%+ e&e%+ 3.P!k!k 3. P!k!k Ba%asan Mat&r P%oses /emb'a&an 0om/on a(a.ah /%oses /en3am/'%an an&a%a bahan ba0'
0a%e& 20a%e& a.am4 0a%e& sin&e&is4 (an e.as&ome%- (engan bahan,bahan 0imia 0a%e& a&a' bahan a(i&i6+ a. Ba%an Ba%an '&nu '&nusun sun k!#'! k!#'!n n kar&t kar&t Bahan ba0' 0a%e& 5ang (ig'na0an 'n&'0 memb'a& 0om/on 0a%e& (a/a& be%'/a 0a%e& a.am ma'/'n 0a%e& sin&e&is 5ang mem/'n5ai si6a& be%be(a, be(a sa&' (engan .ainn5a+ Pemi.ihan 1enis 0a%e& 5ang a0an (ig'na0an (a.am /engo.ahan 0om/on 0a%e& a0an menen&'0an si6a&,si6a& ba%ang 1a(i 5ang a0an a0an (ihasi.0an+ (ihasi.0an+ )a%e& a.am be%asa. be%asa. (a%i ge&ah /ohon /ohon 0a%e& 5ang (io.ah (io.ah men1a(i men1a(i RSS, RSS, crumb rubber, rubber, crepe rubber, reclaimed rubber 4 (sb+ )a%e& sin&e&is me%'/a0an 0a%e& &i%'an 5ang (ib'a& 'n&'0 menggan&i 0a%e& a.am a&a' 'n&'0 0e/e%.'an &e%&en&' an&a%a .ain : IR4 SBR4 BR4 EPDM4 NBR (an sebagain5a+ . Ba%an k#a kar&t kar&t (a%an (a%an a*t+) a*t+)
13
Bahan 0imia 0a%e& 5ang (ig'na0an 'n&'0 /emb'a&an 0om/on 0a%e& 'm'n5a &e%(i%i (a%i : !- Bahan /em7'.0anisasi A(a.ah bahan 0imi5ang (a/a& be%ea0si (engan g'g's a0&i6 /a(amo.e0'. 0a%e& memben&'0 i0a&an si.ang &iga (imensi+ Bahan /em7'.0anisasi 5ang /a.ing 'm'm (ig'na0an a(a.ah be.e%ang 2s'.6'%-4 0h's'sn5a (ig'na0an 'n&'0 mem7'.0anisasi 0a%e& a.am a&a' 0a%e& sin&e&is 1enis SBR4 NBR4 BR4 IR (an EPDM+ $- Bahan /en3e/a& 2accelerator A(a.ah bahan 0imia 5ang (ig'na0an 'n&'0 mem/e%3e/a& %ea0si 7'.0anisasi+ Bahan /en3e/a& 5ang (ig'na0an (a/a& be%'/a sa&' a&a' 0ombinasi (a%i ('a a&a' .ebih 1enis /en3e/a&+ Pen3e/a& (i0e.om/o00an be%(asa%0an 6'ngsin5a sebagai be%i0'& : ,un-s P&n0&'at Pr#&r
&ns *an k&"!#'!k Thia8o. 2semi 3e/a&S'.6enami(a 23e/a& (i&'n(a-
/!nt!% MBT4 MBTS CBS
P&n0&'at &kun*&r
9'ani(ine 2se(angThi'%am 2sanga& 3e/a&D&hio0a%bama& 2sanga& 3e/a&Di&hio6os6a& 23e/a&-
DP94 DOT9 TMT4 TMTD ZDC4 ZMDC ZBPP
"- Bahan /enggia& 2activator A(a.ah bahan 0imia 5ang (i&ambah0an 0e(a.am sis&im 7'.0anisasi (engan /en3e/a& 'n&'0 menggia&0an 0e%1a /en3e/a&+ Penggia& 5ang /a.ing 'm'm (ig'na0an a(a.ah 0ombinasi an&a%a Zn O (engan asam s&ea%a&+ 4) Bahan antidegradant A(a.ah bahan 0imia 5ang be%6'ngsi sebagai an&i o8onan (an an&i o0si(an4 5ang me.in('ngi ba%ang 0a%e& (a%i /eng'sangan (an mening0a&0an 'sia /engg'naann5a+ Con&oh : wa 2an&i o8onan-4 (an sen5awa &'%'nan 6eno. 2iono.-+ 5) Bahan /engisi 2 filler Bahan /engisi (i&ambah0an 0e(a.am 0om/on 0a%e& (a.am 1'm.ah 5ang 3'0'/ besa% (engan &'1'an mening0a&0an si6a& 6isi04 mem/e%bai0i 0a%a0&e%is&i0 /engo.ahan &e%&en&' (an mene0an bia5a+
13
Bahan /engisi (ibagi (a.am ('a go.ongan besa%4 5ai&' : bahan /engisi 5ang be%si6a& /eng'a& 23on&oh : 3a%bon b.a304 si.i3a4 (an si.i0a&- se%&a bahan /engisi b'0an /eng'a& 23on&oh : CaCO"4 0ao.in4 BaSO; (sb<- Bahan /e.'na0 2 softener A(a.ah bahan 0imia 5ang be%6'ngsi 'n&'0 me.'na00an 0a%e& aga% m'(ah (io.ah men1a(i 0om/on 0a%e&+ =enis bahan /e.'na0 an&a%a .a in 1enis a%oma&i04 na6&eni04 /a%a6ini04 es&e% (sb+ 7) Bahan 0imia &ambahan Bahan ini (i&ambah0an 0e(a.am 0om/on 0a%e& (engan &'1'an &e%&en&' (an ses'ai (engan 0eb'&'han4 misa.n5a : bahan /ewa%na4 bahan /enghamba& 2inhibitor -4 bahan /ewangi 2deodorant -4 blowing agent 4 bahan ba0' o.ah 2 homogenizer, peptizer, sen5awa /en(is/e%si4 tackifier 4 (sb-+
0. ,!r#u"as k!#'!n Pa(a /en5's'nan 6o%m'.asi 0om/on 5ang /en&ing a(a.ah menen&'0an
1enis a&a' 3am/'%an 0a%e&4 0em'(ian (i&en&'0an 1enis bahan /engisi 5ang a0an (ig'na0an+ Se&e.ah i&' (i&en&'0an sis&im 7'.0anisasin5a4 0ombinasi bahan /em7'. 0anisasi4 bahan /en3e/a& (an /enggia&+ Te%a0hi% (i&en&'0an bahan,bahan 0imia &ambahan 5ang (i/e%.'0an ses'ai (engan 0eb'&'han (an &e%gan&'ng 1enis /%oses se.an1'&n5a (an ba%ang 5ang a0an (ib'a&+ *. ,!r#u"a
NEW FORMULA I : OUT SOLE COMPOUND RUBBER FOR CASUAL SHOES (BLACK COLOUR’S) No .
Descri!io"
1.
SIR 3 L
2. 3.
Wei#$! (#r%&)
P$r
No!e
500
15,15 Raw Material
SBR 1502
1.000
30,30 Raw Material
KBR 01
1.500
45,45 Raw Material
13
4.
Reclaimed Rubber
300
5.
CARBON BLACK
550
6.
Silica
620
.
KALSI"#
50
!.
#INAR$% OIL
9.
&' O
9,09 Raw Material 16,6
Reinforcing Filler
1!,!
Reinforcing Filler
Non 22,2 Reinforcing Filler
112,50
3,41 Softenner
150
4,55 Activator
56,00
1, Activator
125
3,9 Activator
10.
S($ARIC ACI)
11.
*$+ 4000
12.
#B( -ada/a' berar'a u/i eu'i'a'
32,50
13.
#B(S
32,50
0,9! Accelerator
14.
(#(#
1
0,03 Accelerator
15.
S"L"R (/al
0,9!
60
1,!2
5.!9,50
Accelerator
Vulcanizing Agent
15,42
Desi#" Co&o'" * : Hi&%+%" HS No!e : Ae MBT, MBTS, TMTM %" S'-'r %!er co&o'" i" co- co"i!io" (!i&e : / 0 12 &i"'!es. /ara P&r%tun-an P%r ='m.ah %aw ma&e%ia. > ""## g%am R'm's 5ang (ig'na0an : Berat bahan X 100 Ph% > Total berat rubber
!+
500
SIR "
7
3300
X 100=¿
15,15
13
$+
"+
;+
SBR !?#$
1000
¿
)BR #!
3300
1500
¿
3300
<+
@+
+
+
!#+
!!+
!$+
CARBON BAC)
3300
550
¿
Si.i3a
¿
)ASIUM
3300
620 3300
MINARE OI
¿
Zn O
3300
STEARIC ACID
PE9 ;###
MBT
2/a(a&an
¿
be%wa%na
/'&ih
¿
0e0'ningan!"+
MBTS
¿
16,6
1!,!
X 100=¿
3300
150 3300
¿
9,09
X 100=¿
112,50
¿
45,45
X 100=¿
X 100=¿
750
¿
30,30
X 100=¿
300
Re3.aime( R'bbe%
7 ?+
X 100=¿
X 100=¿
X 100=¿
56,00 3300
125 3300
3300
32,50 3300
3,41
4,55
X 100=1,7
X 100=¿
32,50
22,2
X 100=¿
X 100=¿
3,9
0,9!
0,9!
13
!;+
1
TMTM
7 3300 !?+
60
SUUR
7 3300 50 100
X 100=¿
X 100=¿
0.03
1,!2
× 50 gram =25 gram
NEW FORMULA II : OUT SOLE COMPOUND RUBBER FOR CASUAL SHOES (WHITE COLOUR’S) No .
Descri!io"
1.
SIR 3 L
2.
Wei#$! (#r%&)
P$r
No!e
500
15.15 Raw Material
SBR 1502
1.000
30.30 Raw Material
3.
KBR 01
1.!00
54.54 Raw Material
4.
SILIKA
1.155
35 Filler
5.
KALSI"#
50
22.3 Filler
6.
#INAR$% OIL
.
&' O
!.
S($ARIC ACI)
9.
*$+ 4000
112,50
3.41 Softenner
150
4.55 Activator
3,50
1. Activator
125
3.9 Activator
10 .
#B( -ada/a' berar'a u/i eu'i'a'
32,50
11.
#B(S
32,50
0.99 Accelerator
12.
(#(#
1
0.03 Accelerator
13.
S"L"R
14.
8i/e *ime'/ (/al
60 52,00 5.!0!,0
0.99
1.!2
Accelerator
Vulcanizing Agent
1.5 Pigment 16.00
13
0 Desi#" Co&o'" * : Hi&%+%" HS No!e : Ae MBT, MBTS, TMTM %" S'-'r %!er co&o'" i" co- co"i!io" (!i&e : / 0 12 &i"'!es)
/ara P&r%tun-an P%r
='m.ah %aw ma&e%ia. > ""## g%am R'm's 5ang (ig'na0an : Berat bahan X 100 Ph% > Total berat rubber
!+
500
SIR "
7 $+
SBR !?#$
¿
1000 3300
"+
;+
)BR #!
¿
1800 3300
<+
@+
)ASIUM
MINARE OI
Zn O
X 100=¿
X 100=¿
1155
Si.i0a
7 ?+
X 100=¿
3300
¿
¿
3300
750 3300
3300
¿
150 3300
30,30
54,54
X 100=¿
X 100=¿
112,50
15,15
X 100= ¿
X 100=¿
35
22,3
3,41
4,55
13
+
+
!#+
STEARIC ACID
¿
PE9 ;###
MBT
2/a(a&an
/'&ih
3300
¿
0e0'ningan!!+
!$+
!"+
!;+
MBTS
TMTM
SUUR
Whi&e Pigmen&
¿
X 100=¿
32,50 3300
32,50
¿
¿
X 100=¿
3300
125
¿
be%wa%na
37,5
3300
1,14
3,9
X 100=0.98
X 100=¿
1 3300
60 3300
X 100=¿
X 100=¿
52.00
7 3300
X 100=¿
0,9!
0,03
1,!2
1,5
&. Pr!s&s k!#'!n*nP%oses /emb'a&an ba%ang 1a(i 0a%e& se3a%a 'm'm /a(a (asa%n5a &e%(i%i (a%i
/%oses: Pemb'a&an )om/on 2Com/o'n(ing Pembe%ian ben&'0 2Mo.(ing Pemasa0an 2F'.0anisasi2Abe(nego4 !@)om/on 0a%e& a(a.ah 3am/'%an 0a%e& men&ah (engan bahan,bahan 0imia 5ang be.'m (i7'.0anisasi+ P%oses /emb'a&an 0om/on a(a.ah /%oses /en3am/'%an an&a%a 0a%e& men&ah (engan bahan,bahan 0imia 0a%e& 2bahan a(i&i6-+ 2Abe(nego4 !@Da.am me%an3ang 0om/on 0a%e& &aha/ 5ang &e%/en&ing a(a.ah memi.ih 1enis 0a%e& 2e.as&ome%-+ Si6a& '&ama 5ang (imi.i0i e.as&ome% an&a%a .ain e.as&is4 6.e0sibe.4 .ia& (an 0e(a/ &e%ha(a/ ai% (an '(a%a+ Se.ain i&' se&ia/ e.as&ome% memi.i0i si6a&,
13
si6a& 0h's's (an 'ni0 begi&' 1'ga (engan ha%gan5a+ Ma0a /emi.ihan 1enis e.as&ome%
'n&'0
men(a/a&0an
s/esi6i0asi
&e0nis
5ang
&e%&en&'
se.ain
mem/e%&imbang0an si6 a& (asa%n5a 1'ga /e%.' mem/e%&imbang0an ha%ga (an 3a%a /engo.ahann5a+ 2Ag's4$#!$P%oses 0om/on(ing biasan5a mengg'na0an a.a& /en3am/'% 2mie%-4 5ang (a/a& be%'/a in&e%na. mie% 2mesin gi.ing &e%&'&'/- (an o/en mi.. 2mesin gi.ing &e%b'0a-+ A.a& /en3am/'% 5ang /a.ing se(e%hana a(a.ah mesin gi.ing &e%b'0a 5ang &e%(i%i (a%i ('a %o.. 0e%as (an /e%m'0aann5a .i3in+ )e3e/a&an (a%i ('a %o.. &e%seb'& be%be(a 2/enggi.ingan (engan 6%i0si-+ eba% 3e.ah (ian&a%a 0e('a %o.. (a/a& (ia&'% (ises'ai0an (engan ban5a0n5a 0om/on (an 0ea(aan 0om/on 2Ag's4$#!$Sebe.'m /%oses /en3am/'%an4 0a%e& men&ah &e%.ebih (ah'.' (i.'na00an 5ang (iseb'& sebagai /%oses mas&i0asi 5ang be%&'1'an 'n&'0 meng'bah 0a%e& 5ang /a(a& (an 0e%as men1a(i .'na0 27is0osi&as be%0'%ang- aga% /%oses /en3am/'%an (engan bahan 0imia menghasi.0an (is/e%sion 5ang me%a&a 2homogen-+ Pen3am/'%an (im'.ai se&e.ah 0a%e& men1a(i /.as&is (an s'h' %o.. hanga&+ Ce.ah (ian&a%a ('a %o.. 2ni/- se(emi0ian %'/a sam/ai (i/e%o.eh &'m/'0an ma&e%ia. (i a&as %o.. 5ang (iseb'& ban04 0em'(ian bahan,bahan 0ima 5ang be%ben&'0 se%b'0 sege%a (i&ambah0an 0e3'a.i be.e%ang+ Pengg'.'ngan (an /emo&ongan 1'ga (i.a0'0an+ Penambahan bahan /engisi (i.a0'0an se(i0i& (emi se(i0i&+ ang0ah &e%a0hi% a(a.ah /emas'0an be.e%ang+ Se&e.ah sem'a bahan 0ia &e%3am/'%4 0om/on 0a%e& 5ang (ihasi.0an (i/o&ong (an (i0e.'a%0an (a%i mesin gi.ing4 0em'(ian (imas'00an 0emba.i 0e (a.am gi.ingan 'n&'0 (iben&'0 sebagai .emba%an (engan 0e&eba.an ses'ai (engan 0eb'&'han 2Ag's4$#!$-+ A%&i (a%i 0om/on(ing a(a.ah /%oses /en3am/'%an 0om/on 0a%e&+ Sebe.'m 0om/on(ing (i.a0'0an biasan5a %o. (i/anas0an &e%.ebih (ah'.'+ Se&e.ah /anas (i.a0'0an /%oses mas&i0asi+ T'1'an mas&i0asi a(a.ah 'n&'0 men'%'n0an be%a& 0om/.e0'. 0a%e& (an memben&'0 %a(i0a. bebas+ Be%a& mo.e0'. 0a%e& be%0'%ang 0a%ena a(an5a /em'&'san %an&ai mo.e0'. 0a%e&+ Ra(i0a. bebas 5ang &e%ben&'0 a0an be%ea0si (engan 8a& /em7'.0anisasi+ T'1'an (a%i mas&i0asi a(a.ah 'n&'0 me.'na00an 0a%e& men&ah aga% nan&i bahan 0imia 5ang a0an (i3am/'%0an me%a&a 2S'%5a4$##-+
13
P%oses Mas&i0asi sanga& (i/enga%'hi o.eh o0sigen bai0 /a(a s'h' %en(ah ma'/'n /a(a s'h' &inggi 2S'%5a4$##-+ Pengo.ahan 0a%e& men1a(i 0om/on me%'/a0an s'a&' &aha/an /%oses 5ang sa.ing &e%0ai&+ )om/on 0a%e& ini (ib'a& (engan meng0ombinasi0an bebe%a/a bahan 0imia 5ang sa.ing mengisi hingga (a/a& meng'bah si6a& 0a%e& 5ang &a(in5a e.as&is men1a(i /.as&is+ Pemi.ihan bahan,bahan 5ang a0an (i3am/'% (engan 0a%e& (ises'ai0an (engan 0'a.i&as /%o('0 5ang a0an (ihasi.0an+ )nsen&%asi bahan,bahan 5ang (ig'na0an (i(asa%0an /a(a Ph% 0a%e& a.am (an be%a& 0om/on 5ang a0an (ib'a& 2S'%5a4$##-+ Da.am /engo.ahan 0om/on ini mengg'na0an mesin O/en Mi.. a&a' mesin /enggi.ingan &e%b'0a+ Dengan mengg'na0an mesin 5ang &e%b'0a4 ma0a 0i&a (a/a& mengama&i 0on(isi /engo.ahan se3a%a .angs'ng+ Han5a sa1a 1i0a &i(a0 be%ha&i,ha&i ma0a 0om/on (a/a& &e%0o&o%i o.eh (eb (an ba0&e%i,ba0&e%i (i '(a%a 2S'%5a4 $##-+ Mas&i0asi
(an
/%oses
/en3am/'%an
a(a.ah
/%oses
/e%&ama
(a.am
mem/e%sia/0an 0om/on 0a%e&+ E6isiensi /%oses ini a0an menen&'0an 0ebe%hasi.an /%oses se.an1'&n5a (an 'n1'0 0e%1a (a%i ba%ang 1a(i 0a%e&n5a+ S&an(a% miing 5ang (i/e%.'0an (i&en&'0an o.eh 7is0osi&as 0om/on (an (is/e%si bahan a(i&i6 0om/on &e%'&ama 3a%bon b.a30 (an sis&em 7'.0anisasi+ 2A%i8a.4 Ri(ha+ $##)a%e&4 se/e%&i 0a%e& a.am a(a.ah G0e%ing 4 .ia&4 (an ha%'s menga.ami mas&i0asi sebe.'m (i /%oses+ Mas&i0asi a(a.ah /em'&'san mo.e0'. 0a%e& aga% men1a(i /.as&is sehingga m'(ah 'n&'0 menambah0an bahan 0imia a&a' Ging%e(ien&s+ Sem'a ini (a/a& (i.a0'0an (engan 3a%a mechanical shearing (i o/en mi.. a&a' (i(a.am internal mier . P%oses mas&i0si (a/a& (i/e%3e/a& (engan /enambahan '&'t2&r. Dengan ban&'an /anas (an &enaga4 &e%1a(i.ah /e%'bahan 6isi0 (an 0imia 5ang bisa &e%.iha& (a%i 7is0osi&as+ 2Anonim4 $#!"P%oses /en3am/'%an be%a(a (ian&a%a 0e('a %o.. a&a' ni/+ E6e0&i6n5a /%oses meme%.'0an a(an5a Gban0 0a%e& (ia&as ni/+ P%oses /en3am/'%an $ %o.. mi.. sanga& &e%gan&'ng (a%i 0eah.ian o/e%a&o%+ Ro.. seha%'sn5a .i3in (an bebas (a%i &o%ehan (an b'n5i 5ang be%i%ama+ Pa(a /e%oses mi..ing ini 0on&%o. &em/e%a&'% sanga& /en&ing+ Ai% (ingin (ia.i%0an (i(a.am %o.. mi.. 'n&'0 menghin(a%0an Gs3o%3h /a(a 0om/on+ Sem'a &i/e 0om/on4 0e3'a.i 0om/on (engan bahan /engisi sanga& &inggi
13
(a/a& (i3am/'% (engan o/en mi..+ aman5a /en3am/'%an sanga& .ama 2biasan5a "#,;# meni&-+ 2A%i8a.4 Ri(ha4 $##-
+. A"at#&sn an- *-unakan
!+ Ce&a0an so. 2a3'an-
/&tak 4u"kansas
/%oses /en3e&a0an (an /emasa0an 0om/on 0a%e& (a.am a.a& 3e&a0an so. se3a%a 7'.0anisasi (engan &e0anan4 s'h' (an wa0&' &e%&en&' $+ Mi..ing ma3hine
Mesin milling a(a.ah s'a&' mesin /e%0a0as 5ang menghasi.0an seb'ah bi(ang (a&a% (imana /isa' be%/'&a% (an ben(a be%ge%a0 me.a0'0an .ang0ah /ema0anan+ Se(ang0an /%oses milling a(a.ah s'a&' /%oses /e%mesinan 5ang /a(a 'm'mn5a menghasi.0an ben&'0an bi(ang (a&a% 2 bi(ang (a&a% ini &e%ben&'0 0a%ena
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/e%ge%a0an (a%i me1a mesin- (imana /%oses /eng'%angan ma&e%ia. ben(a 0e%1a &e%1a(i 0a%ena a(an5a 0on&a0 an&a%a a.a& /o&ong 2cutter - 5ang be%/'&a% /a(a spindle (engan ben(a 0e%1a 5ang &e%3e0am /a(a me1a mesin+ Mesin milling 1i0a (i0o.abo%asi0an (engan s'a&' a.a& ban&' a&a' a.a& /o&ong /emben&'0 0h's's4 a0an (a/a& menghasi.0an bebe%a/a ben&'0an,ben&'0an .ain 5ang ses'ai (engan &'n&'&an /%o('0si 4misa. : U.i%an 4 Spiral 4Ro(a gigi4 !am, "rum Scale, Po%os bin&ang4 Po%os 3a3ing4(..+ "+ Mesin /%ess mo'.(ing 2mesin 0em/a-
)om/on me%e'/a0an 3am/'%an 0a%e& men&ah 2e.as&ome%4 0a%e& a.am4 0a%e& sin&e&is- sebagai bahan ba0' (en gan bahan 0imia /en5's'n 0om/on2bahan a((i&i6- (an bahan /emban&' /engo.ahan 2/%o3essing ai( ma&e%ia.s-+ Un&'0 (esain 0om/on4 /%oses /e%an3angan*/e%en3anaan 6o%m'.asi 5ang men5ang0'& 0om/onen bahan
5ang
(ig'na0an
bese%&a
0om/osisin5a
2Jb*bJ-4
'n&'0
menghasi.0an s'a&' 6o%m'.a 0om/on+ aratsarat *a"a# #&#uat *&san k!#'!n : Pemi.ihan 1enis 0a%e& 2 e.as&ome% - sebagai bahan ba0'+ • F'.0anisasi a&a' sis&em 3'%ing 'n'0 mem/e%o.eh si6a&,si6a& '&ama •
•
5ang (i0ehen(a0i+ Pemi.ihan bahan 0imia /en5's'n 0om/on 5ang mem/'n5ai /e%an (a.am mem/enga%'hi s/esi6i0asi &e0nis (a%i /%o('0 0a%e& 5ang (i0ehen(a0i 2ses'ai s&an(a%-+
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Pe%a.a&an 5ang &e/a& 'n&'0 /engo.ahan 0om/on+ )om/on 5ang memi.i0i ni.ai 0ome%sia. 2As/e0 eonomis-+ • P&#"%an j&ns kar&t (E"ast!#&r) Da.am me%an3ang 0om/on &aha/ /e%&ama (an 5ang &e%/en&ing •
a(a.ah memi.ih 1enis 0a%e& 2e.as&ome%-+ Si6a& 'm'm 5ang (imi0i sem'a e.as&ome% an&a%a .ain : e.as&is4 6.e0sibe.4 .ia& (an 0e(a/ ai%+ Se.ain i&' se.ain e.as&ome% mem/'n5ai si6a&,si6a& 0h's's 5ang 'ni0 (an 0om/.e0s+ P&#"%an sst&# 4u"kansas Sis&em 7'.0anisasi (a/a& (i(e6inisi0an /engg'naan se1'm.ah a((i&i6 5ang (i/e%.'0an 'n&'0 mem7'.0anisasi e.as&ome%*0a%e& 5ang sem'.a be%si6a& /.as&is4 .ia&4 (an &i(a0 &ahan &e%ha(a/ s'h' 2&e%mo/.as&is be%'bah men1a(i e.as&is4 0'a& (an man&a/ ben&'0n5a &e%ha(a/ /e%'bahan s'h' 2&e%mose&-+ Tu"skan ju-a k!n*s !'&rasna Saa& /engo/e%asian mesin s'h'n5a se0i&a% @#,? (e%a1a( 3e.3i's 2KC-+ -. Lan-ka% k&rja 1. Tambah0an 0a%e& $. Pemanasan 3. Penambahan /ow(e% (an ing%e(ien& .ainn5a se/e%&i oi.4 an&i(eg%a(an&4
(engan .amba& sebagaimana 0a%e& (a/a& mene%iman5a+ 6. Penambahan sis&em 7'.0anisasi 5. Po&ong .e/as Pa(a /en5's'nan 6o%m'.asi 0om/on 5ang /a.ing /en&ing a(a.ah mene&'0an 1enis a&a' 3am/'%an 0a%e& men&ah+ )em'(ian (i&en&'0an 1enis bahan /engisi+ Se&e.ah i&' (i&en&'0an sis&im 7'0anisasin5a 0ombinasi bahan /em7'.0anisasi4 bahan /en3e/a& (an /enggia&+ Te%0ahi% (i&en&'0an bahan,bahan 0imia &ambahan 5ang (i/e%.'0an ses'ai (engan 0eb'&'han &e%gan&'ng 1enis /%oses se.an1'&n5a (an ba%ang 5ang a0an (ib'a&+ Pa(a /%oses /en3am/'%an 0om/on 0a%e& biasan5a mengg'na0an a.a& /en3am/'% 2mie%- (a/a& be%'/a in&e%na. mie% 2mesin gi.ing &e%&'&'/- a&a' mesin gi.ing &e%b'0a 2o/en mi..-+ A.a& 5ang /a.ing se(e%hana a(a.ah mesin gi.ing &e%b'0a 5ang &e%(i%i (a%i ('a %o. 0e%as (an /e%m'0aan5a .i3in+ )e3e/a&an be%/'&a% 0e('a %o. be%be(a 2/enggi.angan (engan 6%i0si-+ eba% 3e.ah (ia&a%a ('a %o. (a/a& (ia&'% (an (ises'ai0an (engan ban5a0n5a 0om/on (an 0ea(aan 0om/on4 sebe.'m /%oses
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/en3am/'%an4 0a%e& men&ah &e%.ebih (ah'.' (i.'na00an 5ang (iseb'& (engan /%oses mas&i0asi 5ang be%&'1'an 'n&'0 meng'bah 0a%e& /a(a& (an 0e%as men1a(i .'na0 27is0osi&as be%0'%ang- aga% /%oses /en3am/'%an (engan bahan 0imia mneghasi.0an (is/e%sion 5ang me%a&a 2homogen-+ Pen3am/'%an (im'.ai se&e.ah 0a%e& men1a(i /.as&is (an s'h' %o. hanga&+ Ce.ah ('a %o. 2ni/- (ia&'% se(emi0ian %'/a sam/ai (i/e%o.eh &'m/'0an ma&e%ia. (ia&as %o. 5ang (iseb'& ban04 0em'(ian bahan 0imia ben&'0 se%b'0 sege%a (i&ambah0an 0e3'a.i be.e%ang+ Pengg'.'ngan (an /emo&ongan 1'ga (i.a0'0an+ Penambahan bahan /engisi (i.a0'0an se(i0i& (emi se(i0i&+ ang0ah &e%0ahi% a(a.ah /emas'0an be.e%ang+ Se&e.ah sem'a bahan 0imia &e%3am/'%4 0om/on 0a%e& 5ang (ihasi.0an (i/o&ong (an (i0e.'a%0an (a%i gi.ingan4 0em'(ian (imas'00an gi.ingan .agi 'n&'0 (iben&'0 men1a(i ben&'0 .emba%an (engan 0e&eba.an ses'ai (engan 0eb'&'han+ Se&e.ah &aha/ /emb'a&an 0om/on se.esai &aha/ se.an1'&n5a 'n&'0 memb'a& ba%ang 0a%e& a(a.ah &aha/ /embe%ian ben&'0 (an /%oses 7'.0anisasi 2/ema&angan-+ P%oses /embe%ian ben&'0 a(a.ah sa.ah sa&' 3a%a /embe%ian ben&'0 &e%ha(a/ 0om/on 0a%e& a(a.ah (engan 3a%a 3e&a0 &e0an 2/%ess mo'.(ing- (imana 0om/on 0a%e& (iben&'0 (a.am a3'an 23e&a0an- (an se0a.ig's (imasa0 (a.am mesin 0em/a 7'.0anisasi 2/%ess 7'.a0nisasi-+ Pa(a mesin 0em/a 7'.a0nisasi &'ngga. &e%a/a& sa&' /asang /.a& &eba. (a&a% 5ai&' /.a& a&as (an bawah+ )e('a /.a& (a&a% &e%seb'& /a(a bagian (a.amn5a &e%(a/a& a.'% 5ang (a/a& (ia.i%0an 'a/ 1en'h a&a' (i/asang e.emen .is&%i0 sebagai s'mbe% /anas+ P.a& a&as &i(a0 (a/a& be%ge%a04 se(ang /.a& bawah (i/asang /a(a 0em/a hi%o.i0 sehingga sehingga (a/a& (ige%a00an 0ea&as 0ebawah+ Dengan memom/a min5a0 (a%i &ang0i min5a0 0e(a.am si.in(e% hi(%o.i04 ma0a /.a& bawah a0an (i&e0an 0ea&as+ Te0anan min5a0 (a/a& men3a/ai !##,!?# 0g*3m$+ seba.i0n5a (engan menge.'a%0an min5a0 (a%i se.in(e% 0em/a hi(%o.i04 0em/a bawah a0an 0emba.i &'%'n+ Pa(a mesin 0em/a 7'.0anisasi4 0om/on 0a%e& (ibe%i ben&'0 (an (i7'0anisasi /a(a mesin 5ang sama+ P%oses 7'.0anisasi a(a.ah /%oses /emasa0an 0a%e& men&ah men1a(i 7'.0anisa&+ F'.0anisasi me%'/a0an /%oses i%%e7e%sib.e 2&i(a0 (a/a& ba.i05ang menggab'ng0an %an&ai,%an&ai mo.e0'. 0a%e& se3a%a 0imiawi (engan mo.e0'. be.e%ang memben&'0 i0a&an &iga (imensi+ Sehingga 0a%e& men&ah 5ang sem'.a
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/.as&is se&e.ah 7'.a0nisasi be%'bah men1a(i e.as&is4 0'a& (an '.e&+ Sa.ah sa&' s5a%a& 5ang ha%'s (imi.i0i 0a%e& aga% (a/a& (i7'.a0nisasi (engan be.e%ang a(a.ah memi.i0i i0a&an %ang0a/ /a(a %an&ai '&aman5a+ Sis&im 7'.0anisasi be.e%ang 5ang (i/e%3e/a& (a/a& (i&e%a/0an 'n&'0 1enis,1enis 0a%e& 5ang memi.i0i i0a&an %ang0a/ 5ai&': Untuk keperluan umum: 0a%e& a.am 2NR-4 Iso/%ene R'bbe% 2IR-4 Po.ib'&a(iene
R'bbe% 2BR- (an 0a%e& s&i%en*b'&a(iene R'bbe% 2SBRUntuk keperluan khusus : )a%e& Ni&%i. 2NBR-4 )a%e& B'&i. 2IIR-4 )a%e& B%omo
B'&5. 2BIIR-4 Ch.o%ob'&i. 2CIIR- (an )a%e& E&h5.ene P%o/5.ene Diene Monome% 2EPDM-+ F'.0anisasi 0a%e& a.am biasan5a (i.a0'0an /a(a s'h' se0i&a% !?## KC (an s'h' .ebih &inggi 2!??#C,!<##C- 'n&'0 0a%e& sin&e&is 2SBR (an IIR-+ Un&'0 mem/e%o.eh 7'.0anisa& 5ang (a/a& ma&ang sem/'%na 5ai&' 5ang memi.i0i si6a& 6isi0a o/&im'm4 ma0a 0om/on 0a%e& (a.am 3e&a0an ha%'s (i0em/a 2(i&e0an- /a(a &e0anan4 s'h' (an wa0&' 7'.0anisasi &e%&en&'+ Si6a&,si6a& me0ani0 5ang bai0 (a%i 0a%e& a.am men5ebab0ann5a (a/a& (ig'na0an 'n&'0 be%bagai 0e/e%.'an 'm'm se/e%&i so. se/a&' (an &e.a/a0 ban 0en(a%aan+ Pa(a s'h' 0ama%4 0a%e& &i(a0 be%ben&'0 )%is&a. /a(a& (an 1'ga &i(a0 be%ben&'0 3ai%an+ Pe%be(aan 0a%e& (engan ben(a,ben(a .ain4 &am/a0 n5a&a /a(a si6a& 0a%e& 5ang .emb'&4 6.e0sibe. (an e.as&is+ Si6a&,si6a& ini membe%i 0esan bahwa 0a%e& a.am a(a.ah s'a&' bahan semi 3ai%an a.amiah a&a' s'a&' 3ai%an (engan 0e0en&a.an 5ang sanga& &inggi+ Nam'n begi&'4 si6a&,si6a& me0ani0n5a men5e%'/ai 0'.i& bina&ang sehingga ha%'s (imas&i0asi 'n&'0 mem'&'s %an&ai mo.e0'.n5a aga% men1a(i .ebih /en(e0+ P%oses mas&i0asi ini meng'%angi 0e.ia&an a&a' 7is0osi&as 0a%e& a.am sehingga a0an mem'(ah0an /%oses se.an1'&n5a saa& bahan,bahan .ain (i&ambah0an+ Ban5a0 si6a&,si6a& 0a%e& a.am ini 5ang (a/a& membe%i0an 0e'n&'ngan a&a' 0em'(ahan (a.am /%oses /enge%1aan (an /ema0aiann5a4 bai0 (a.am ben&'0 0a%e& a&a' 0om/on ma'/'n (a.am ben&'0 7'.0anisa&+ Da.am ben&'0 bahan men&ah4 0a%e& a.am sanga& (is'0ai 0a%ena m'(ah mengg'.'ng /a(a %o.. sewa0&' (i/%oses (engan o/en mi..*/enggi.ing &e%b'0a (an (a/a& m'(ah be%3am/'% (engan be%bagai bahan,bahan 5ang (i/e%.'0an (i (a.am
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/emb'a&an 0om/on+ Da.am ben&'0 0om/on4 0a%e& a.am sanga& m'(ah (i.eng0e&0an sa&' sama .ain sehingga sanga& (is'0ai (a.am /emb'a&an ba%ang, ba%ang 5ang /e%.' (i.a/is,.a/is0an sebe.'m 7'.0anisasi (i.a0'0an+ )e'ngg'.an (a5a .eng0e& ini.ah 5ang men5ebab0an 0a%e& a.am s'.i& (isaingi o.eh 0a%e& sin&e&i0 (a.am /emb'a&an 0a%0as 'n&'0 ban %a(ia. a&a'/'n (a.am /emb'a&an so. 0a%e& 5ang se/a&'n5a (i/%o('0si (engan 3a%a 7'.0anisasi .angs'ng+ 6. a.
T&st ,!r#at+ Jelaskan keunggulan karet alam dibandingkan karet sintetis !
Bagaimana/'n4 0e'ngg'.an 5ang (imi.i0i 0a%e& a.am s'.i& (i&an(ingi o.eh 0a%e& sin&e&is+ A(a /'n 0e.ebihan,0e.ebihan 5ang (imi.i0i 0a%e& a.am (iban(ing 0a%e& sin&e&is a(a.ah sebagai be%i0'& : !+ Memi.i0i (a5a e.as&is a&a' (a5a .en&ing 5ang sem/'%na+ $+ Memi.i0i /.as&isi&as 5ang bai0 sehingga /engo.ahann5a m'(ah+ "+ Mem/'n5ai (a5a a's 5ang &inggi+ ;+ Ti(a0 m'(ah /anas #low heat build up) 5. Memi.i0i (a5a &ahan 5ang &inggi &e%ha(a/ 0e%e&a00an #groove cracking resistance) <+ Da/a& (iben&'0 (engan /anas 5ang %en(ah+ @+ Memi.i0i (a5a .eng0e& 5ang &inggi &e%ha(a/ be%bagai bahan+
)e'ngg'.an si6a&,si6a& 0a%e& a.am ini membe%i0an 0e'n&'ngan a&a' 0em'(ahan (a.am /%oses /enge%1aan (an /ema0aiann5a4 bai0 (a.am ben&'0 0a%e& a&a' 0om/on ma'/'n (a.am ben&'0 7'.0anisa&+ Da.am ben&'0 bahan men&ah4 0a%e& a.am sanga& (is'0ai 0a%ena m'(ah mengg'.'ng /a(a %o.. sewa0&' (i/%oses (engan o/en mi..*/enggi.ing &e%b'0a (an (a/a& m'(ah be%3am/'% (engan be%bagai bahan,bahan 5ang (i/e%.'0an (i (a.am /emb'a&an 0om/on+ b. Pada formula di atas, ternyata bahan baku karet yang digunakan lebih dari satu jenis. Jelaskan kendala teknologi apa yang kemungkinan dapat terjadi !
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)en(a.a &e0no.ogi 5ang (ia.ami (a.am /%oses /emb'a&an 0om/on sebagian besa% &e%(a/a& /a(a bahan 0a%ena ban5a0 bahan 5ang masih in/o% (a%i .'a% nege%i+ 5. R&+&r&ns
R'(ian&o4Ag's+$#!$+ $ompon Sol Sepatu+ Di0'&i/ (a%i h&&/:**www+(o3s&o3+3om*(o3s*!"$@#!;*)OMPON, SO,SEPATU+ Dia0ses /a(a &angga. !; =an'a%i $#!< S'%5a+$##+ %aporan &embuatan $ompon Sol Sepatu dan 'dhesive(. Di0'&i/ (a%i h&&/:**www+s3%ib(+3om*(o3*$?;<$$*a/o%an, Pemb'a&an,)om/on,So.,Se/a&',Dan,A(hesi7e$+ Dia0ses /a(a &angga. !; =an'a%i $#!< Anonim+ $#!"+ )e'ngg'.an )a%e& A.am Diban(ing0an )a%e& Sin&esis+
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MATERI POKOK PRAKTIKUM II
POLIT EKNIK A T K
PENGUJIAN KEMATANGAN KOMPON KARET OUT SOLE SEPATU CASUAL DENGAN RHEOMETER
Yogyakarta 2015
1.
Tujuan Intruks!na" U#u#
Mem/e.a1a%i (an memahami 3a%a /enen&'an '1i 0ema&angan 0om/on 2s'h'4 wa0&' (an &e0anan- 5ang (ig'na0an /a(a saa& /en3e&a0an /%o('0 2 press moulding - 0a%e& +
$.
Tujuan Intruks!na" K%usus
Se&e.ah me.a0sana0an /%a0&e04 mahasiswa (iha%a/0an mam/' memahami (engan bai0 se3a%a man(i%i be%bagai ha. 5ang be%h'b'ngan (engan : a+ Ca%a mengo/e%asi0an a.a& '1i Rheome&e%+
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b+ Ca%a menen&'0an &e0anan4 s'h'4 (an wa0&' /a(a '1i 0ema&angan 0om/on+ 3+ Ca%a memba3a g%a6i0 hasi. /eng'1ian 0ema&angan 0om/on+ . (+ Men5im/'.0an hasi. /eng'1ian 0ema&angan 0om/on. 3. Lan*asan T&!r 2'%ai0anSa.ah sa&' /%o('0 R'bbe% Tes&ing EL'i/men& a(a.ah Rheome&e% 5ang (a/a& me.a0'0an '1i 7'.0anisme 23'%e- /a(a 3om/o'n( 0a%e&4 se.ain i&' %heome&e% 1'ga (a/a& meng'1i e.as&isi&as (an &o%si /a(a 0a%e&+ Rheome&e% 1'ga (iban&' (engan so6&wa%e FCH 5ang be%6'ngsi meme%i0sa se3a%a o&oma&is a0'%asi4 6%e0'ensi (an &o%si &%anmisi 2Anonim4$#!;-+ Rheome&e% me%'/a0an sa.ah sa&' /%o('0 5ang s'(ah (i%an3ang 'n&'0 me.a0'0an /eng'1ian 0a%e& si.i0on4 se.ain i&' sa.ah sa&' 1enis %'bbe% &es&ing eL'i/men& ini (a/a&
/'.a
me.a0'0an
'1i
7'.0anisme
2cure-
/a(a compound 0a%e& se%&a (a/a& /'.a meng'1i e.as&isi&as (an &o%si /a(a 0a%e& 2Anonim4$#!;-+ R'bbe% &es&ing eL'i/men& %heome&e% biasa (ig'na0an (i in('s&%i 0a%e& a.ami4 in('s&%i 3om/o'n(4 in('s&%i se/a&'4 in('s&%i 0abe.4 in('s&%i %'bbe% si.i3on (an masih ban5a0 .agi+ Mem/e%g'na0an mesin /eng'1ian sebagai a.a& /en('0'ng 0egia&an in('s&%i me%'/a0an sa.ah sa&' so.'si &e%bai0 'n&'0 menge&ah'i s&an(a%isasi (an /e%6o%ma /%o('0 5ang s'(ah (ib'a&4 &en&'n5a (engan men3a/ai s&an(a%isasi &e%&en&' a0an menambah 0e'ngg'.an /%o('0 5ang a0an (ihasi.0an 2Anonim4$#!;-+ Men'%'& Abe(nego 2!@- 0om/on 0a%e& a(a.ah 3am/'%an 0a%e& men&ah (engan bahan,bahan 0imia 5ang be.'m (i7'.0anisasi+)a%e& 5ang (ig'na0an 'n&'0 0om/on &e%(i%i (a%i ('a 1enis4 5ai&' 0a%e& a.am (an 0a%e& sin&e&is+)a%e& a.am a(a.ah s'mbe% 0a%e& 5ang be%asa. (a%i ge&ah /ohon 0a%e& 2.a&e0s-4 5ng (i/e%o.eh (engan men5a(a/*me.'0ai 0'.i& 0ambi'm /ohon 0a%e&+)a%e& a.am memi.i0i bebe%a/a 0a%a0&e%is&i04 5ai&': a+ Fis0osi&as %en(ah b+ )e&ahanan o0si(asi &inggi 3+ Im/'%i&5 %en(ah+
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13
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13
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13
MATERI POKOK PRAKTIKUM III
PENCETAKAN OUT SOLE SEPATU CASUAL
13
POLITEKNIK A T K Yogyakarta 2015 1.
Tujuan Intruks!na" U#u#
Mem/e.a1a%i (an memahami 3a%a /emb'a&an out sole 2so. .'a%- (engan 3a%a 3e&a0 &e0an 7'.0anisasi 2 press moulding -+ $.
Tujuan Intruks!na" K%usus
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13
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13
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