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Industrial Safety Prof. Ir Ir.. Dr Dr.. Mohd Sobri Takriff Dept. of of Chemical Chemical & Process Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Learning Outcomes At the end of the course you are expected to i.
Understand the importance of safety and risk manag ma nagem ement ent in the proces processs indust industry ry and aware aware of its legsilative requirements
ii. Understand Understand hazard system and types of hazards hazards that exist in the industry iii. be able to aply various hazard hazard identification identification and analysis analysis techniques (CHA, PHA, Dow’s indices, HAZOP, FMEA, FTA, ETA) iv. Be able to apply simple simple risk risk assessment assessment technique
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Course Content •
The objective of this course is to impart knowledge and understanding on aspects of safety so that students can gain skills to handle and manage a process plant safely for the workers, the public, property and the environment. Students will be introduced to methods of identifying potential hazards at the work place, evaluate the adverse consequences if there are realization of the identified hazards and to estimate the frequency of such hazard realizations so that appropriate decisions can be made to produce working conditions that are much safer. Students are also introduced to state legislations pertaining to occupational safety and complied.
Texas City, USA March 23, 2005 Explosion at oil Refinery 15 Death & 170 injuries Loss more than USD 1.5 Billion
Bhopal India 03 Dec 1984 Toxic gas, Union Carbide Plant 2000 deaths, 20,000 injuries
Flixboro, UK June 1st, 1974 Ex losion at N lon Plant 28 Death & 36 injuries
Toulouse, France Sept 21st, 2001 er zer an 29Death & 2500 injuries Damages exceeding Euro 1.5 Billion
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Bright Sparkles, Sg Buloh • Explosion at rewor s ac ory – May 7, 1991 – Consequences • 22 deaths • 103 injuries
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Hazards & Industrial Safety • Hazards are always associated with industrial – Process materials, operating conditions, industrial machineries, workplace, etc
• Hazardous materials If not managed could lead to major accidents such as –
,
,
,
that would results in injury, fatality, property damages, environmental damages, etc
Major Industrial Accidents • Fires • Explosions • Release of toxic materials Types of Accident
Probability of
Potential for
Potentail for
Fire
High
Low
Intermediate
Explosion
Intermediate
Intermediate
High
Toxic Release
Low
High
Low
Ref: Crowl & Louvar 2002
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Accident Consequences • Human – – injury – Permanent disability
• Environment – Pollution • Air • water
– Damages
• Property – Damages – Disruption of life
• Economy – – Loss of income – Loss of investment
Accident Consequences • Company – • Financing • Resistance from local residents
– e.g. Union Carbide Inc. • Established in 1917 • International company in chemical and petrochemical businesses all over the world • – opaacc en ousan s s ew un re thousand injured) – Company image severely damage & face legal action – Difficulty for new investment
• Sold to Dow Chemicals in 2001
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Engineering Code of Ethics Engineers, in the fulfillment of their professional u es, s a – hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public. – Perform services only in areas of their competence – …. – ….
Legislative Requirements Environmental Quality Act 1974 – During planning stage is required to carryout an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) the to ensure that the safety of the public is safeguarded, the environment is rotected and sustainabilit criteria is considered
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Legislative Requirements OSHA 1994 – s a e e u y o every emp oyer an every self ‐employed person to ensure, so far as is practicable, the safety, health and welfare at work of all his employees and It shall be the duty of every employer and every self ‐employed person to conduct his undertaking in such a manner as to ensure, so ar as s prac ca e, a e an o er persons, not being his employees, who may be affected thereby are not thereby exposed to risks to their safety or health
Legislative Requirements OSHA 1994 ‐ CIMAH (Control Of Industrial Major cc ent azar s egu at on – states that every manufacturer who undertakes an industrial activity shall as soon as he becomes aware of an imminent danger which may affect the safety of persons or the environment, take mme a e ac on o rec y e s u a o n an establish and maintain a good management system for controlling any major accident.
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Risk Management
HIRARC – Hazards indentification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control
Important terminology • Hazard ‐ chemical or physical conditions that has the potential for causing damage / harm to people, property, or the environment. • Risk ‐ A measure of human injury, environmental damage or economic loss in terms of both the incident likelihood and the severity or magnitude of the loss or injury. • Risk management ‐ The systematic application of mana ement olicies rocedures and ractices to the tasks of analyzing, assessing, and controlling risk in order to protect employees, the general public, and the environment as well as company assets while avoiding business interruptions.
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Summary • Hazards are assoaciated with industrial activities • azar as numerous consequences o – Human, Property, Environment, Economy, Company image, etc
• It is a moral and legal responsibility of engineers to ensure the well being of workers and the eneral ublic are safe uarded • Industrial risk must be managed properly – Indentify hazard, Assess risk, Control risk, Communicate risk
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