LTE DIMENSIONING

LTE DIMENSIONING Ericsson

Context • Reasons behind the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) strategy for UMTS. • Perform calculations on the radio interface capacity • Explain how the LTE downlink and uplink data rates are achieved and calculated. • List the LTE UE category capabilities. • Explain radio wave propagation and typical channel models

• Describe the different types of traffic carried by LTE networks. • Protocols that support the various LTE traffic types. • Operation of TCP, UDP, HTTP and FTP Internet Protocols. • Explain the issues surrounding Voice over LTE.

Context Cont.. • • • •

Perform Tracking Area planning Perform Paging Capacity calculations Tools are used in radio network dimensioning Apply subscriber and traffic growth scenarios and perform dimensioning exercise • Recommend sites for LTE deployment to meet coverage and capacity requirements set by the customer • List the Ericsson products in the RBS 6000 family. – Explain the hardware structure and capabilities of the RBS 6101, 6102, 6201, 6202, and 6601.

> Delta GSM, wcdma/ hspa & lte

2G/3G/LTE topology delta • RBS (eNodeB) in the RAN

RBS BSC RNC

• No CS core network – IP based

• Upgrades/New nodes

SGSN-MME

– SGSN  MME – GGSN  P/S-GW

– HLR functionality HSS

Converged Packet GW (P/S-GW & GGSN)

HSS

Basic Principles of EUL & HSDPA UL Interference

• EUL

Shared Uu load time

• HSDPA

SF=1 SF=2 SF=4

Channelization codes allocated

SF=8 SF=16 2 ms Shared channelization codes time User #1

User #2

User #3

LTE Radio Interface (Downlink) User #1 scheduled

User #2 scheduled

User #3 scheduled 180 kHz

frequency

LTE Advantages Faster scheduling

Simplicity IP transport SON

Shorter TTI, 1ms

Flexible bandwidth

Multi-Antennas TX

RX 1.4

3

5

FDD and TDD FDD-only

Half-duplex FDD

fDL

fDL

fUL

fUL

TDD-only fDL/UL

10

15

20 MHz

LTE & HSPA Limitations • Modulation technique: 64QAM

• Reduced Latency • 100 MHz bandwidth

100 MHz

...

...

TX

...

• MIMO

RX

Delta GSM, WCDMA/HSPA & LTE • Time & Frequency • Flexibility – Scheduler – Bandwidth

• MIMO • Higher throughput • All IP

frequency

ROADMAP

HOW THE LTE DOWNLINK AND UPLINK DATA RATES ARE ACHIEVED AND CALCULATED.

LTE DL peak rate 20 MHz and 4x4 MIMO AND 64 QAM 14 OFDM symbols per 1.0 ms subframe 64QAM = 6 bits per symbol 6 x 14 = 84 bits per 1.0 ms subframe 84bits/1.0ms = 84kbps per subcarrier 12 x 84kbps = 1.008Mbps per Scheduling Block 100 Scheduling Blocks in 20MHz 100 x 1.008Mbps = 100.8Mbps per antenna

4 x 4 MIMO: 403.2Mbps ! BUT in reality approx. 300Mbps

…and UL no MIMO 75Mbps

LTE 3GPP Rel. 10 Higher Peak Rates 20 MHz

• Carrier aggregation 100 MHz total bandwidth 20 MHz

• Spectrum aggregation

20 MHz

40 MHz total bandwidth

8

• DL/UL Multi-Antenna transmission

Peak rates: 3Gbps/1.5Gbps !

4

Throughput • Key factors impact the DL peak throughput – – – – – – –

How to calculate the DL theory peak throughput Example for LTE TDD DL throughput TM2/3/7/8 Example for LTE FDD DL throughput TM2/3 Key factors impact the UL peak throughput How to calculate the UL theory peak throughput Example for LTE TDD UL throughput Example for LTE FDD UL throughput

DL Key factor › Bandwidth › Uplink-Downlink configuration (TDD only) › Special sub-frame configuration (TDD only) › CFI format › UE category › Transmission mode

Bandwidth • LTE support bandwidth: – 1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz,20MHz

TDD frame structure

Uplink-Downlink configuration

Special sub-frame configuration • For the special subframe configurations 0 and 5 with normal downlink CP or configurations 0 and 4 with extended downlink CP, there shall be no PDSCH transmission in DwPTS of the special subframe.

CFI

UE category

UE category cont.

Transmission mode

TDD

TDD THROUGHPUT CALCULATION

Peak dl throughput calculation flow

Peak dl throughput calculation step › Step1: Determine PRB number of DL SF – Get the RB number from bandwidth; – Get the DL sub-frame number from Uplink-Downlink configuration;

› Step2: Determine total RE of each DL SF (RE) – SF total RE = PRB * sub carrier per PRB * OFDM symbol per SF – Get the available OFDM symbol of special sub-frame from Special subframe configuration;

› Step3: Deduct common channel/signal overhead – Get the PDCCH overhead from CFI configuration. – Reduce the overhead of common channel/signal: CRS, UERS,PDCCH, PBCH, PSS, SSS. Get the available RE number of each sub-frame.

Peak dl throughput calculation step (CONT) › Step4: Determine the physical bits number – Physical bits = RE number * modulation order

› Step5: Determine TB size – Step 5-1 Use PRB number and MCS index to determine the TB size from ITBS table. (use max MCS index as the initial value) – Step 5-2 If the TB size exceed the UE capacity or channel code rate > 0.93, lower the MCS index, repeat step 5-1 until the TB size fulfill the criteria. • •

The effective channel code rate is defined as the number of downlink information bits (including CRC bits) divided by the number of physical channel bits on PDSCH.(CRC bit = [TB size/6144]*24) The UE may skip decoding a transport block in an initial transmission if the effective channel code rate is higher than 0.930.

› Step6: Peak throughput – Sum all DL sub-frame TB size within one radio frame(10ms), multiply by 100, then we got the peak throughput (bps).

Example (TM2) Precondition

• Assumption: – Bandwidth: 20M - 100 PRB for normal DL subframe

– Uplink-Downlink configuration: 1 (DSUUD DSUUD) - 4 normal DL subframe and 2 special subframe

– Special sub-frame configuration: 7 (10:2:2) - 10 OFDM symbol in each special subframe

– CFI format 1 – UE category 3 – Transmission mode: 2 – Normal CP

Example (TM2) STEP1 Determine prb number of each DL subframe • if the transport block is transmitted in DwPTS of the special subframe in frame structure type 2, then set the – Nprb = Max { N’prb x 0.75, 1}

Example (TM2) STEP2 Determine Total RE number of each subframe • Normal DL subframe: – 14 * 1200 = 16800

• Special subframe: – 10 * 1200 = 12000

Example (TM2) STEP3-1 Determine the overhead OFDM symbol (CRS)

Example (TM2) STEP3-2 Determine the overhead RE (PBCH) • PBCH location: – Time domain: sf0, slot1, first 4 OFDM symbol – Freq. domain: the central 72 subcarrier

• In PBCH RE, there will be CRS punching. – The PBCH resource mapping operation shall assume cell specific reference signals for antenna ports 0-3 being present irrespective of the actual configuration.

Example (TM2) STEP3-2 Determine the overhead RE (PBCH) 4-antenna port CRS RE mapping

Example (TM2) STEP3-2 Determine the overhead RE (PBCH)

• PBCH RE number: – 72 * 4 – 48 = 240

• The 48 CRS RE, in 2-antenna port scenario, 24 really used for CRS transmission while other 24 reserved. – In SF0, the RE occupied by CRS is 1600 + 24(reserved) = 1624

Example (TM2) STEP3-3 Determine the overhead RE (control region) • CFI = 1 mean allocate 1 OFDM symbol to PDCCH, (PHICH and PCFICH also in located in this control region).

• CRS also punching in control region, so the control region overhead need deduct those RE: • 1*1200 – 400 = 800

Example (TM2) STEP3-4 Determine the overhead RE (PSS & SSS) • PSS location: – Time domain: sf1 and sf6, the 3rd OFDM symbol – Freq. domain: the central 72 subcarrier

• PSS overhead OFDM symbol: – 72 * 1 = 72

• SSS location: – Time domain: sf0 and sf5, the last OFDM symbol – Freq. domain: the central 72 subcarrier

• SSS overhead OFDM symbol: – 72 * 1 = 72

Example (TM2) STEP3-5 Determine the overhead RE (result)

Example (TM2) STEP4 Determine the Physical bit rate › For MCS > 17, the modulation is 64QAM. one OFDM symbol can carry 6 bits information. – nPhysicalBit = 6 * nSymbol

Example (TM2) STEP5 Determine the TB size › Step5-1: the TBS is given by the (TBS index, PRB number) entry of Table 7.1.7.2.1-1 Transport block size table (36.213) – TBS index can be determine by MCS index use Table 7.1.7.1-1: Modulation and TBS index table for PDSCH (36.213) • Use highest MCS index first.

– PRB number, can be find in the STEP1 result.

• Step5-2: Calculate the code rate, if the code rate is large than 0.93, lower the MCS index, repeat step1 to get new TB size until the code rate < 0.93. • Step5-2: Compare the TB size with UE category max DL TB size, if TB size > UE category max DL TB size, repeat step5-1 to get new TB size until the criteria is fulfill.

Example (TM2) STEP5 Modulation and TBS index table (partial)

Example (TM2) STEP5 Transport block size table (partial)

Example (TM2) STEP5 Determine the sf0 TB size • SF0: PRB number is 100, TBS index is 26, the TB size is 75376 • Calculate the code rate: – The effective channel code rate is defined as the number of downlink information bits (including CRC bits) divided by the number of physical channel bits on PDSCH. – The UE may skip decoding a transport block in an initial transmission if the effective channel code rate is higher than 0.930. – Sf0 code rate = 75376/84384 = 0.893 < 0.93

• › Compare with category 3 UE max DL TB size: – For there is only one TB in TM2, so we compare with Maximum number of bits of a DL-SCH transport block received within a TTI. – 75376 <= 75376

• The TB size for SF0 is 75376

Example (TM2) STEP5 Determine the all DL SF TB size

Example (TM2) STEP6 determine the peak throughput • Now, the peak throughput is given by sum all DL sub-frame • TB size * 100

• bw=20M, tddCfg=1, cfi=1, tmMode=2, ueCategory=3 peak throughput is: – 41161600 bps = 41.16 mbps

Example (TM3) Precondition • Assumption: – Bandwidth: 20M - 100 prb for normal DL subframe

– Uplink-Downlink configuration: 1 (DSUUD DSUUD) - 4 normal DL subframe and 2 special subframe

– Special sub-frame configuration: 7 (10:2:2) - 10 OFDM symbol in each special subframe

– CFI format 1 – UE category 3 – Transmission mode: 3 – Normal CP

Example (TM3) STEP 1~5 determine the TB size • TM3 step 1 ~ 4 is the same as TM2. we can direct use the TM2 result. • There are two layer in TM3, we need determine the TB size of each layer.

Example (TM3) STEP5 Determine the sf0 TB size • SF0: PRB number is 100, TBS index is 26, the TB size is 75376, • Calculate the code rate: – Sf0 code rate = 75376/84384 = 0.897 < 0.93

• Compare with category 3 UE max DL TB size: – First compare with Maximum number of bits of a DL-SCH transport block received within a TTI. 75376 <= 75376 – Then, compare with Maximum number of DL-SCH transport block bits received within a TTI: 75376 + 75376 = 150752 > 102048

• Lower the TBS index, repeat previous step, we can get the final result: TB size is 51024 (1 layer) (MCS = 23)

Example (TM3) STEP5 Determine the all DL SF TB size

Example (TM3) STEP6 determine the peak throughput • Now, the peak throughput is given by sum all DL subframe TB size * 100 • bw=20M, tddCfg=1, cfi=1, tmMode=3, ueCategory=3 peak throughput is: – 59574400 bps = 59.57 mbps

Example (TM7) Precondition • Assumption: – Bandwidth: 20M – 100 prb for normal DL subframe

– Uplink-Downlink configuration: 1 (DSUUD DSUUD) – 4 normal DL subframe and 2 special subframe

– Special sub-frame configuration: 7 (10:2:2) – 10 OFDM symbol in each special subframe

– – – –

CFI format 1 UE category 3 Transmission mode: 7 Normal CP

Example (TM7) STEP1 Determine prb number of each DL subframe • In TM7, all other subframe PRB number is same as TM2 except sf0. • For frame structure type 2, the UE is not expected to receive PDSCH resource blocks transmitted on antenna port 5 in the two PRBs to which a pair of VRBs is mapped if either one of the two PRBs overlaps in frequency with a transmission of PBCH in the same subframe;

Example (TM7) STEP1 Determine prb number of SF0 • PBCH location: – Time domain: sf0, slot1, first 4 OFDM symbol – Freq. domain: the central 72 subcarrier

• The PBCH impact PRB number is 6: 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52

Example (TM7) STEP1 Determine prb number of SF0 (cont.)

Example (TM7) STEP1 Determine prb number of SF0 (cont.) • › TM7 use DCI format 1, DCI format 1 support resource allocation type 0 and 1. • › For single user peak throughput case, resource allocation type 0 will be used.

Example (TM7) STEP1 Determine prb number of SF0 (cont.) • › In resource allocation type 0, the 20M bandwidth RBG size is 4. which means minimum schedule PRB number is 4.

Example (TM7) STEP1 Determine prb number of SF0 (cont.) • › PRB 47 ~ 52 located in 3 continuous RBG, so those 3 RBG can’t be used. • › 3 RBG = 3 * 4 = 12 PRB • › SF0 available PRB number = 100 – 12 = 88

Example (TM7) STEP1 Determine prb number of each DL subframe • If the transport block is transmitted in DwPTS of the special subframe in frame structure type 2, then set the – Nprb = Max { N’prb x 0.75, 1}

Example (TM7) STEP2 Determine Total RE of each subframe • Normal DL subframe: • 14 * 1200 = 16800

• Special subframe: •

10 * 1200 = 12000

•

14 * 12 * 88 = 14784

• SF0: • Notes: the 12 PRB is not allocated for PDSCH, but it still can carry PBCH, SSS and UERS. Compensation is needed when calculate overhead.

Example (TM7) STEP3 Determine the overhead RE (UERS) • The overhead of control region, CRS, PSS/SSS, PBCH is the same as TM2 (SF0 is special, will discuss later).

• UERS overhead need be counted.

Example (TM7) STEP3 Determine the overhead RE (UERS) • The UERS overhead in normal subframe is 12 * 100 = 1200 • The UERS overhead in special subframe is 9 * 100 = 900

Example (TM7) STEP3 Determine the overhead RE (sf0) • PBCH and SSS resource element are all located in the 12 removed PRB. So their overhead don’t need recounting. • The CRS and UERS located in the 12 removed PRB don’t need counting as overhead. – CRS overhead: 16 * 88 = 1408 – UERS overhead: 12 * 88 = 1056

• Control region overhead also don’t need counting the 12 removed PRB part: – Control region overhead: 12 * 88 = 1056 – Deduce the CRS punching RE: 1056 – 4*88 = 704

Example (TM7) STEP3~4 Determine the overhead OFDM symbol and Physical Bit (result)

Example (TM7) STEP5~6 Determine the all DL SF TB size and peak throughput

FDD

FDD DL THPT.

Example FDD DL thpt • Assumption: • CFI = 1 • BW: 20M

nPhyBit table

FDD peak thpt. • TM2/3: the peak DL throughput limited by UE category:

Contents

Key factor of UL peak thpt • Bandwidth • UE category • Uplink-Downlink configuration (TDD only) • CFI

Peak UL throughput calculation flow

DMRS • When DMRS is multiplexed with PUSCH, the middle symbol in each slot is used for DMRS, This means that in each RB 12 REs (approximately14%) are used for transmission of DMRS.

SRS • REs for SRS are allocated on 2 UpPTS symbols in every special subframe (subframe 1 and 6).

• Since these symbols are not used for anything else, no capacity loss occurs due to sounding.

PRACH • rachNoOfAllocationsPerFrame • Defines the number of subframes per radio frame where PRACH is allocated. The PRACH configuration is broadcasted as part of system information. • Valid values: 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 (5 means 0.5, default 10)

• PRACH resource: • Frequency: 72 sub-freq. • Time: 1ms

PUCCH • PUCCH is used for transmitting: – Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ): Acknowledgement/Negative Acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) – Scheduling Request (SR) – Channel status reports, Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) and Rank Indicator(RI)

PUCCH • Depending on the information to be carried on PUCCH, one of two formats is used: • PUCCH Format 1 for SR and HARQ ACK/NACK • PUCCH Format 2 for CQI and RI

• › A user equipment is allocated CQI and SR resources at the UE setup procedure. The resources are kept as long as the user equipment is uplink synchronized.

PUCCH • Given a desired setting of noOfPucchSrUsers and noOfPucchCqiUsers,the number of RB-pairs for PUCCH can be calculated. • noOfPucchSrUsers • noOfPucchCqiUsers

PUCCH

PUCCH • The amount of HARQ resources required, n(PUCCH,HARQ), is linked to the amount of CCEs that can be allocated for PDCCH in the downlink. The maximum number of CCEs n(CCE,MAX) depends on the bandwidth and is given in Table 16:

PUCCH

PUCCH

PUCCH (CFI =3 TDD) • Example: • • • •

• • • • •

Uplink-downlink config: 1 noOfPucchSrUsers 64 noOfPucchCqiUsers 64 pdcchcfiMode 3

N(pucch,sr) = (64*10)/(10* 4) = 16 N(pucch,harq) = 88*2 = 176 N(rb,format1) = (16+176)/36 = 6 prb N(rb,format2) = (64*10)/(4*40*4) = 1 prb N(rb,pucch) = 2*{(6+1)/2} = 8


• • • • •




• • • • •



PUCCH (CFI =3 FDD) • Example: • noOfPucchSrUsers 64 • noOfPucchCqiUsers 64 • pdcchcfiMode 3

• • • • •



• • • • •



• • • • •


Modulation (CAT3) • If the UE is not capable of supporting 64QAM in PUSCH or has been configured by higher layers to transmit only QPSK and 16QAM, is first read from TBS table. The modulation order is set to – Qm,real = Min (4, Qm)

PUSCH PRB number • › Number of PUSCH allocated PRBs for a given user in a given subframe is in multiples of 2, 3 and 5 for low complexity DFT implementation

Example TDD UL peak thpt (20M) • Assumption: – Bandwidth: 20M

• 100 prb for normal UL subframe • Uplink-Downlink configuration: 1 (DSUUD DSUUD) - 4 normal UL subframe

• rachNoOfAllocationsPerFrame: 10 • CFI format 1 • UE category 3 • Normal CP

Example TDD UL peak thpt (20M)

Example TDD UL peak thpt (20M) • Peak throughput = (51024+48936+51024+51024)*100/1000000 = 20.2M bps

Tracking Areas & Paging

DIMENSIONING

Contents • • • • •

Technical Background Paging Paging Capacity TA Dimensioning TA Planning

Concepts • Blocked page A blocked page is a page that cannot be transmitted over the air interface at the first valid Paging Occasion (PO) due to lack of resources. • Location Area The equivalent to Tracking Area for the CS-domain in GSM and WCDMA networks. • Page The message sent by the Mobility Management Entity (MME) to the User Equipment (UE) during paging. • Paging The procedure in which the MME notifies an idle UE about an incoming data connection. The procedure includes sending a paging message over the S1 Application Protocol (S1-AP) and the air interface.

Concepts • Paging capacity The average number of pages per second that a node can handle. Paging capacity incorporates various margins to manage conditions like traffic fluctuations. • Paging Frame (PF) The radio frames where UE paging can take place. • Paging load The fraction of resources required for paging. • Paging Occasion (PO) The subframes where UE paging can take place. • Paging record Pages to different UEs can be multiplexed in the same Radio Resource Control (RRC) paging message. A paging record is the information associated with one of those pages. • Tracking Area (TA) Cluster of RBSs having the same Tracking Area Code (TAC). • Tracking Area list A list of TAs that indicates to the UE where its registration is valid.

Tracking Areas • A Tracking Area corresponds to the Routing Area (RA) used in Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) and GSM/Edge Radio Access Network (GERAN). The TA consists of a cluster of RBSs having the same Tracking Area Code (TAC). The TA provides a way to track UE location in idle mode. • TA information is used by the MME when paging idle UE to notify them of incoming data connections.

Tracking Area Lists •

In LTE, the MME provides the UE with a list of tracking areas where the UE registration is valid. When the MME pages a UE, a paging message is sent to all or a subset of the RBSs in the TA list. The concept of TA lists is shown in the following figure:

Paging • Paging Frames and Paging Occasions

Paging Procedure

Paging Capacity • SGSN-MME Paging Capacity

Paging Capacity • RBS Paging Capacity

Paging Capacity. • Paging Capacity and CPU Load

• Paging Capacity and PDSCH Load

Paging Capacity cont.

Paging Capacity cont.

Tracking Area • Tracking Area Dimensioning • Tracking Area Planning

TA Dimensioning • Process Overview – The process of TA dimensioning contains two main tasks: • TA dimensioning for the MME • TA dimensioning for the RBS

– These steps can be done sequentially or in parallel. The output of the tasks is the total number of RBSs suitable to include in a TA list. – For information on the number of RBS to include per TA, and the number of TAs to include in a TA list, refer to Section 6 on page 27. – An overview of the process for TA dimensioning is shown in the following figure:

TA Dimensioning Process

ERICSSON RBS

Topics covered • • • • •

Radio Base Station (RBS) Type of RBS Technical Description Examples Q&A

Radio Base Station (RBS) • Base Station – Connection between mobile phones and telephone network • RBS – name given to base stations developed by E/// • Different Vendors

Types of RBS • • • •

GSM – RBS 2xxx/6xxx Series UMTS RBS – RBS 3xxx/6xxx Series LTE RBS – RBS 6xxx Series CDMA RBS – RBS 6xxx Series

Technical Description • RBS 3106/3206 • RBS 3418/3518

RBS 3206

RBS 3206 Support System

Digital

Radio

Support System • • • • •

Based on Indoor vs Outdoor RBS Power Supply Distribution External Alarm Handling Climate Control

Digital • • • •

Baseband processing Transmission termination Radio interface Control functions

Radio Unit • Provides RF Signals • RF Power Amplification and Filtering • Radio Building Blocks RBB’s

Generic RBS Diagram

Description • • • • • •

Radio Unit Filter Unit 6 Radio Units 6 Filter Units RU 22 RU 21

RU 21 , RU 22 and FU

Configuration 3x1 + 3x1 -6x1

3C & 4C Solution • Second Node B Solution Bands –Same Band per cabinet. Second cabinet not interconnect

Second cabinet interconnected • OBIF – Optical Baseband Interface

By Bands • Complete 850 / 1900 Cabinet

Second Cabinet Not Interconnect • Two Individual cabinets and no Co-siting between the cabinets • Co-siting – used for Connections between cabinets or RU/RRU’s

Second Cabinet Interconnect • Connection between Same bands on 2 different cabinets • Co-siting Cables are used 3x1 850 + 3x1 1900

Second Cabinet Interconnect

OBIF- Optical Baseband Interface • • • •

Interface b/w RBS and up to 6 RRUW RRUW – Remote Radio Unit WCDMA Responsible for User data Baseband Distribution

After

Before 1 9 0 0

8 5 0

8 5 0

1 9 0 0

8 5 0

1 9 0 0

8 5 0

1 9 0 0

8 5 0

FCU

DC-filt/ DCCU 24

3x1 850 + 3x1 1900

DC-filt/ DCCU 24

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 B P

P D R R R R R R U U U U U U U 1 1 2 3 4 5 6

3x1 1900

Cable shelf

P D R R R R R R U U U U U U U 1 1 2 3 4 5 6

Cable shelf

RRUW 02 B2 TX

Cable shelf

RRRR

EE

AAAA R C T T X X X XRR / / TT U B GG / / / / A A X X I U P PGGGGX X PPPP F BB

RRRR

AAAA R C T T X X X XRR / / TT U B GG / / / / A A X X I U P PGGGGX X PPPP F BB

BBBB

BBBB

P

O B I F

P

P P

1 9 0 0

ACCU/ DCCU 48

F F F F F F U U U U U U

Cable shelf

EE

8 5 0

FCU

ACCU/ DCCU 48

F F F F F F U U U U U U

B P

1 9 0 0

P AUH

P

P

AUH

P PSU PSU PSU PSU

PSU PSU PSU PSU

98

98

RAX

OBIF

OBIF 6x1+3x1

SPLIT RU

How is the Split RRU/RU Different? • In the past, a UMTS cabinet could hold up to two Carriers. If you wanted to add a 3rd Carrier, you would need to add a 2nd cabinet. • Now that we can split the power on the Radio Unit, we can have up to four carriers in one cabinet.

Splitting the power inside the Cabinet • This UMTS cabinet has six slots for the Filter Units and the Radio Units. Each slot is dedicated to a sector. • When splitting the power for 3rd carrier, it is important to note that you can only split the power if the two frequencies • are on the same band. 1

2

3 Position of the sector in the cabinet also Known as the sector number in the RNDCIQ

1 c

2 c

1 c

2 c

1 c

2 c The power can be set 40W or 60 W per radio

4

5

6

Splitting the power inside the Cabinet FCU

DC-filt/ DCCU 24

• Once the slot is split for the new 3rd carrier, it will go in the 2nd cell position on the same sector number.

ACCU/ DCCU 48

F F F F F F U U U U U U 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cable shelf

B P

P D R R R R R R U U U U U U U 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cable shelf

EE

RRRR

AAAA R C T T X X X XRR / / TT U B GG / / / / A A X X I U P PGGGGX X PPPP F BB BBBB

P P P

1

AUH

P PSU PSU PSU PSU

2

3

98

1 c

2 c

1 c

2 c

1 c

2 c

33 cc

44 cc

33 cc

44 cc

33 cc

44 cc

4

5

6

Cell Number 1 (20 W)

Cell Number 2 (20 W)

RBS 3418

RBS 3418 Support System

Digital

Radio

Key Features • Main-remote RBS that consists of an indoor MU • One to six Remote Radio Units (RRUs) • Optical Interface Link (OIL), connects each RRU to the MU

Configuration • Total 6 sectors for 6x1 else 3 for 3x2 (Power Split) • Same Band Carriers will be power split

1900 850 1900 850

RBS 6000

AGENDA › RBS 6000 overview › Specification of popular RBS used in RNAM • •

RBS 6102 RBS 6601

› Architecture: • •

Main Components Secondary Components

› Connectivity: • •

Card Interconnect Limitations.

› Example Configurations: › Network Management System

Introduction • The RBS 6000 series is designed to support a flexible mix of GSM, WCDMA, LTE and CDMA in the same base station, thereby ensuring a smooth transition between the radio technologies.

Safe for tomorrow

Smart going forward

SOUND FOR FUTURE

RBS FAMILY

RBS 6000 PORTFOLIO

Macro cabinets

Main units

Small cells

Remote radios

DIFFERENT SITE SCENARIOS Macro

Main-remote with remote radio unit

Main-remote with antenna integrated radio

AIR

Remote radio unit

Radio + baseband

Base station

Baseband

Main unit

Baseband

Main unit

SINGLE AND MULTI STANDARD RADIO

Single standard

Radio standard A Radio standard B Radio standard C

Multi standard single mode

Multi standard mixed mode

Rbs 6102 & 6201

Multi standard radio units Baseband and transport interface Site power

Climate

Integrated backhaul

RBS 6102

RBS 6201

RBS 6102 : OUTDOOR 

Sprint has selected the Ericsson RBS 6102 for their outdoor solutions and the RBS 6601 for their indoor solutions

6102 Outdoor

6601 Indoor

Specifications of the Outdoor RBS 6102 RBS6102 is the outdoor macro RBS providing a complete radio site including transport equipment, site power and battery backup. › High-capacity outdoor macro base station. › Supports multiple technologies CDMA / LTE › Multiple frequency band 800/1900 › Supports 15 RRUS (5 per sector) › Space for 4 DUL and 3 DBA (3 XMU) › Space for 7 PSU (Rectifiers) › Battery backup by using the BBS cabinet › 57” H x 51” W x 27 ½” D › 100-250 VAC, -48 DC, 60A max service › 640 lbs. fully equipped

RBS 6201 – the High-Capacity Indoor Macro RBS The main features of the RBS are the following: •It supports GSM, WCDMA, LTE, and CDMA (The CDMA baseband unit is placed outside the RBS 6201, but inside the ODE 6201). •It supports single mode and mixed mode multistandard configurations. •It is a complete RBS in a two radio subrack cabinet with a standard indoor RBS footprint. •It can be configured with Digital Units (DUs) and radios. The radios can be internal RUs or external radio units, or both. •It can be configured with the Transport Connectivity Unit (TCU). •It can be configured with the AuXiliary Multiplexing Unit (XMU). •It has the following power supply alternatives: •–48 V DC (two-wire) •+24 V DC (two-wire or three-wire) •100–250 V AC •It supports up to 15 U in the optional equipment space depending on configuration. •It supports external alarms.

RBS 6202 – the Zero Footprint Indoor Macro RBS The main features of RBS 6202 are the following: •Supports LTE, WCDMA and GSM •Supports single mode and mixed mode multistandard configurations. •Is a complete RBS with one radio subrack •Can be configured with up to six Radio Units (RU) and up to two Digital Units (DU) •Can be configured with the Transport Connectivity Unit (TCU). •Has a -48 V DC two-wire power supply •Can be installed in a 19-inch rack or cabinet. It can also be installed with a mounting frame on site floor or site wall or on top of an RBS 2216 or RBS 3216 •Supports external alarms

RBS 6301 – the Small Main-Remote RBS The main features of the RBS 6301 are the following:

•Supports GSM, WCDMA, and LTE •Includes a main unit that supports transmission equipment and external battery backup •Has nine DC out connectors for external consumers •Has the following power supply alternatives: •-48 V DC (two-wire) •200 to 250 V AC •Supports internal Support Alarm Unit (SAU) with up to 32 external alarms •Supports 0 to 5 U Transmission (TM) space depending on configuration •Can be configured with the Transport Connectivity Unit (TCU).

RBS 6302 – the Super Compact Main-Remote RBS The main features of the RBS 6302 are the following: •Supports WCDMA •The main unit for WCDMA is a Digital Unit (DU) system, which provides switching, traffic management, timing, baseband processing, and an RRU interface. An external EC bus and built-in alarms are supported. Note: For WCDMA, it is possible to expand the main unit with a second DU in a dual DU system configuration. •Has the following power supply alternatives: •-48 V DC (two-wire) •100 to 250 V AC with an optional PSU AC •Supports Global Positioning System (GPS) •Supports up to eight integrated external alarms

DIGITAL UNIT

Digital units • DU – Digital Processing Unit: • Synchronization from transport network i/f or GPS • Baseband processing for CP & UP (Decoder, DEM, RA, Encoder, MOD) • Transport network termination/interface • CPRI termination (RU connection) • Site Local Area Network (LAN) and maintenance interface • DU includes Main Processor & Timing unit. • A file system with software repository & configuration database

DIGITAL unit

•

DUL - Digital Unit LTE

•

XMU - Baseband Combining Unit

•

DBA - CDMA Digital Baseband Unit Advanced

•

CEEM - Channel Element Extension Module

•

XCEM - external Channel Element Module Cards

•

AEM (DOM) - Access EV-DO Module

DIGITAL unit

Digital Unit LTE (DUL) › Provides baseband processing for LTE › Provides O&M to radios for CDMA traffic when connected to the XMU › Installed inside a DU Adapter using 1.5 RUs Capacity  Up to 1000 users  Up to 173Mbps throughput DL  Up to 56Mbps throughput UL

DIGITAL UNIT - SPECS Cell carriers per DUW

Channel elements (downlink/uplink)

Downlink peak throughput (Mbps)

Uplink peak throughput (Mbps)

6

128/128

84

12

6 6 6 6 6 (HW prepared for 12)

384/384 768/512 128/128 768/512

252 252 168 252

36 88 24 92

768/768

336

138

Unit DUW 10 DUW 20 DUW 30 DUW 11 DUW 31

DUW 41

The interfaces of the DUW Digital Unit

E1/T1/J1

STM-1

Ethernet

DUW 10/20/30

4

1

1

DUW 11

4

1

3

DUW 31

0

0

3

DUW 41

4

1

3

Digital Unit for LTE (DUL) Prepared for high peak rates • 2x2 MIMO • 64QAM DL & UL

Power GPS EC Bus

Capacity • Up to 173Mbps throughput DL • Up to 56Mbps throughput UL

LMT-A (Serial) LMT-B (Fast Eth)

IP transmission capability TN-A/-B (Gig • All IP architecture with full non-blocking connectivity • 100/1000BASE-T • SFP slot for 1000BASE-X

Eth)

6 x CPRI

DUL logical structure DUL

SoIP CPRI

Gigabit Ethernet port

IpAccessHostEt , IpAccessSctp and IpInterface MOs for X1, S1 and SoIP. Termination of IP and UDP.

Network Processor Unit (NPU)

Tagged VLANs. Traffic for S1, X2, Mul and SoIP. The MO representing the port is GigaBitEthernet. This port can be either electrical or optical.

port CPRI port CPRI

Internal Ethernet

port

Base Band CPRI

Switch

port

Fast Ethernet port

Main Processor

CPRI Termination of Base Band for LTE.

(MP)

port CPRI port

Local Client Terminal (LCT) connected to this port. No VLAN. Modeled by MO MediumAccessUnit.

Two IP addresses can be stored on the MP. The local one in the MO EthernetLink (reached through the FE port) and the remote Mul address in the IpHostLink (reached through the Gbit port). This MO points out an IpInterface MO on the NPU. Here is also the termination of SCTP traffic (S1/X2 Control Plane), modelled by the MO Sctp.

Common Public Radio Interface ports to RUL.

Digital Unit for Multi-standard(DUS) • •

The two units DUS 31 and DUS 41 differ in terms of capacity. They share some common characteristics: • GSM and LTE capable • Three gigabit Ethernet ports (two optical and one electrical) • DUS 41 supports 10 Gbps CoMP. DUS 31 supports 5 Gbps CoMP • DUS 31 has more or less double the capacity as the DUG and DUL units. DUS 41 offers close to another doubling in capacity compared with DUS 31 .

Standard

Characteristic (hardware preparation) GSM

LTE

DUS DUS 31 41 24 36

Transceivers per DUS Downlink maximum sustained throughput 300 500 (Mbps) Uplink maximum sustained throughput (Mbps) 150 250 Number of connected users >2000 >4000 Aggregated antenna bandwidth (MHz) 240 480 Scheduling Capacity / TTI 12 24

DIGITAL unit

Auxiliary Multiplexing Unit(XMU) › Provides interoperability between the DBA and RRUS › Receives carrier data from the DBA via 2 HSSL links and transmits it to RRUS via CPRI link

› Synchs and receives O&M data from 1 DUL via CPRI › Supports CDMA not LTE but passes LTE data in multimode configurations.

RADIO The main purpose of the Radio Unit is to send and receive signals, The Radio Unit receives digital data and converts it to analog radio signals. It also receives radio signals and converts these to digital signals. The radio equipment in the RBS 6000 base stations can be of two types: 1. Radio units (RUs) 1. RUS(the multi standard radio unit) 2. RUG(GSM specific radio unit) 3. RUL (LTE specific radio unit) 4. RUW( WCDMA specific radio unit) 2. Remote radios for main-remote configurations. These can be either remote radio units (RRUs) or antenna integrated units (AIR). 1. RRUS (MultiStandard) 2. RRUG ( GSM) 3. RRUW (WCDMA) 4. RRUL (LTE) 5. Antenna Integrated Radio Unit (AIR) 6. Remote Radio Unit A2 (RRUS A2) 7. Micro Remote Radio Unit (mRRUS)

Remote Radio Unit (RRUS) • • • • •

• •

The remote radio unit (RRUS) is designed to be installed close to the antennas, and can be either wall or pole mounted. Units support multi standard operation. Two standards can operate simultaneously on each unit. Dual band configurations are supported by connecting the RRUS for different frequency bands to the same main unit. The RRUS has support for TMA and remote electrical tilt (RET). RRUS different models:• The RRUS 61 is intended for TD-LTE applications only • RRUS 01/02/11/12 are used for FDD applications (GSM, WCDMA and LTE). RRUS 01/02 support one transmitter branch per unit RRUS 11/12/61 support two transmitter branches (MIMO/Tx div) per unit.

RRUS11

RRUS12

RRUS32

RRUSA2

AIR21

Good to Know • ABW – Aggregated Bandwidth • IBW – Instantaneous Bandwidth

Continue… • One 2.5G CPRI can maximum support 40 Mhz ABW (BW*RX/TX) • Two 2.5 CPRI can maximum support 80 Mhz ABW (BW*RX/TX) • One 10G CPRI can maximum support 160 Mhz ABW (BW*RX/TX). •

NOTE: 10G CPRI is not yet used in the market. This will be used for PCS/AWS RRUS32 to handle 15Mhz x 4 RX using 1 CPRI.

DU CPRI SUPPORT

CONTIGUOUS BAND (Bandwidth Expansion) DUS RU RU A2

1 CPRI Example

1C : 700 2x10

2C: 4x10 or 4x5

DUS RU RU A2

2 CPRI Example

1C : 700 2x10

2C: 4x15 or 4x20

• As the name suggests, in this scope the bandwidth within the band is being increased from 10MHz to 15 MHz (10+5) or to 20mhz (10+10). 2 way receive diversity (2WRD) Condition: • The above can be achieved with configuration changes in the node only • no physical changes needed 4 way receive diversity (4WRD) Condition: • If the site needs to BE defined with 4WRD then this can be achieved With ADDITION OR modification of A2 and AIR Data port 2 separate DU port ALONG WITH CONFIGURATION CHANGES WITHIN THE NODE.

CONTIGUOUS BAND (BWE) CONTIGUOUS BAND (BANDWIDTH EXPANSION - BWE) Radio Type

Bandwidth of CellFDD

RX or TX

2.5G CPRI Support

2.5G CPRI Required

10G CPRI Support 10G CPRI Required

RRUS11

5

2

YES

1

NO

NA

RRUS11

10

2

YES

1

NO

NA

RRUS12

5

2

YES

1

NO

NA

RRUS12

10

2

YES

1

NO

NA

5

4

YES

1

NO

NA

RRUS11+RRUSA2

10

4

YES

1

NO

NA

RRUS11+RRUSA2

15

2

YES

1

NO

NA

15

4

YES

2

NO

NA

RRUS11+RRUSA2

20

2

YES

1

NO

NA

RRUS11+RRUSA2

20

4

YES

2

NO

NA

AIR21

5

2

YES

1

NO

NA

AIR21

10

2

YES

1

NO

NA

AIR21

10

4

YES

1

NO

NA

RRUS32

10

2

YES

1

YES

1

RRUS32

10

4

YES

1

YES

1

RRUS32

15

2

YES

1

YES

1

RRUS32

15

4

YES

2

YES

1

RRUS32

20

2

YES

1

YES

1

RRUS32

20

4

YES

2

YES

1

RRUS11+RRUSA2

RRUS11+RRUSA2

NON CONTIGUOUS BAND(POWERSPLIT) DUS

DUS RU RU A2

1 CPRI Example

1C : 700 2x10

RU RU

2C/3C: 4x10 (5 + 5)

A2

2 CPRI Example

1C : 700 2x10

2C/3C: 4x15 (5+10) or 4x20 (10+10)

1)

Using RRUS11/RRUS12 only

› NO extra CPRI needed › only remote node configuration NEEDED where single RRU power split done. › ready to handle 2 carriers (including 2C and 3C cells).

2)

Using [RRU + A2] or [AIR]

› Extra CPRI fiber needed › needs to be installed before actual work scheduled. › TOWER CREWS NEED TO LAY DOWN THIS CPRI FIBER FROM DATA 2 PORT OF A2 / AIR EXTENDING IT TO DU WITHOUT TERMINATING. › Final du end connection will be terminated by the integrator at the time of activity.

Additional InFO • IBW: It is the maximum edge-to-edge spacing between two carriers. • E.g. two 10 Mhz carriers, the gap between them can be 20 MHz, since 10 + 20 + 10 = 40 MHz • Two carriers are within the 40 MHz edge-to-edge IBW of the RRUS12 and RRUSA2. • Edge-To-Edge Calculation: CarrierA_BW+CarrierB_BW+((CarrierA_CFCarrierB_CF)/10) BW – Bandwidth, CF = EARFCNDL Eg: 10 + 10 + ((2175-2000) / 10) = 37.5 < 40 Mhz 10+10+ ((5780-5760)/10) = 30 < 40Mhz

MULTICARRER NON CONTIGUOUS (Power Split) MULTICARRIER NON CONTIGUOUS BAND (POWER SPLIT) Bandwidth Combination Radio Type of Powersplit 5+5 RRUS11 10+5 RRUS11 10+10 or 5+15 RRUS11 5+5 RRUS12 10+5 RRUS12 10+10 or 5+15 RRUS12 5+5 RRUS11+RRUSA2 5+10 RRUS11+RRUSA2 5+10 RRUS11+RRUSA2 10+10 or 5+15 RRUS11+RRUSA2 10+10 or 5+15 RRUS11+RRUSA2 5+5 RRUS12+RRUSA2 5+10 RRUS12+RRUSA2 5+10 RRUS12+RRUSA2 10+10 or 5+15 RRUS12+RRUSA2 10+10 or 5+15 RRUS12+RRUSA2 5+5 AIR21 5+5 AIR21 5+10 AIR21 10+10 or 5+15 AIR21 5+5 RRUS32 5+5 RRUS32 5+10 RRUS32 5+10 RRUS32 10+10 or 5+15 RRUS32 10+10 or 5+15 RRUS32

Total Bandwidth 10 15 20 10 15 20 10 15 15 20 20 10 15 15 20 20 10 10 15 20 10 10 15 15 20 20

RX or TX 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4

2.5G CPRI Support YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES

2.5G CPRI Required 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 NA NA NA NA

10G CPRI Support NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO YES YES YES YES YES YES

10G CPRI Required NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 1 1 1 1 1

L14B/L15B Capability Maximum configuration with Software Level: [# of cells/# of 4W cells/# of carrier branches/# of radios/ant bandwidth/# of bands/carriers]: [12/6/24/12/300/4]--- (L14B) [12/6/36/24/300/6] --- (L15B)

XMU

2C Add Using XMU with 2 CPRI

Alpha

Beta Gamma

XMU with IDL2

RRU Configuration 2nd carrier 2X5MHz / 1X10 MHz configurations

SECONDARY COMPONENTS

SECONDARY EQUIPMENTS Antenna

• •

Multi Band : 65 degree, 90 degree Single Band: 45 degree, 65 degree, 90 degree

Hybrid Cable

• •

5 sets of DC power (outer ring) 6 sets of fiber optic (inner ring)

Combiners and Filters

• • •

ESMR 800MHz TX Filter Combiner TSBDA

Ancillary

• •

Support Alarm Unit(SAU) Global Positioning System(GPS)

THANK YOU

LTE DIMENSIONING

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