Management Information Systems, 13e (Laudon/Laudon) Chapter 5 IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies
1) A primary example of centralized cen tralized processing is client/server computing. Answer: FALS !iff: " #age $ef: 1%& AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1 ") n 0tier computing2 significant parts of 3e, 3e, site content2 logic2 and processing are performed ,y different servers. Answer: 4$ !iff: " #age $ef: 1%5 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1 6) Application server software is responsi,le for locating and managing stored 3e, 3e, pages. Answer: FALS !iff: " #age $ef: 1&7 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1 8) 4 infrastructure consists of -ust t*ose p*ysical computing devices re9uired to operate t*e enterprise. Answer: FALS !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1% AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1 ) An application server may reside on t*e same computer as a 3e, server or on its own dedicated computer. computer. Answer: 4$ !iff: " #age $ef: 1&7 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1
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%) nterprise integration re9uires software t*at can lin; disparate applications and ena,le data to flow freely among different parts of t*e ,usiness. Answer: 4$ !iff: " #age $ef: 1&7 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: ." &) 4*e decision to outsource software development is also referred to as t*e rentversus,uy decision. Answer: FALS !iff: " #age $ef: 15% AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 <) 4*e operating system is used to manage t*e computer=s activities. Answer: 4$ !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1&& AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1 5) 4*e tec*nology c*allenges facing t*e .S. Army2 Army2 as discussed in t*e c*apter case2 illustrates t*e current trend in software of outsourcing application development. Answer: FALS !iff: " #age $ef: 1%61%8 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 17) SA0s create large central pools of storage t*at can ,e rapidly accessed and s*ared ,y multiple servers. Answer: 4$ !iff: " #age $ef: 1&< AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1 11) n green computing2 reducing computer power consumption is a top priority. priority. Answer: 4$ !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1<% AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .6
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1") Autonomic computing is implemented primarily wit* enterprise or S# servers. Answer: FALS !iff: " #age $ef: 1<< AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .6 16) >ava software is designed to run on any computing device2 regardless of t*e specific microprocessor or operating system it uses. Answer: 4$ !iff: 1 #age $ef: 157 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 18) 3e, 3e, services can exc*ange information ,etween two different systems regardless of t*e operating system or programming languages on w*ic* t*e systems are ,ased. Answer: 4$ !iff: " #age $ef: 151 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 1) 3*ereas ?@L is limited to descri,ing *ow data s*ould ,e presented in t*e form of 3e, 3e, pages2 4@L can perform presentation2 presentation2 communication2 and data storage tas;s. Answer: FALS !iff: 1 #age $ef: 151 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 1%) ypertext mar;up language specifies *ow text2 grap*ics2 video2 and sound are placed on a 3e, page document. Answer: 4$ !iff: 1 #age $ef: 157 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 1&) 4*e collection of 3e, services t*at are used to ,uild a firm=s software systems constitutes w*at is ;nown as a serviceoriented arc*itecture. Answer: 4$ !iff: " #age $ef: 151 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8
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'opyrig*t "718 #earson ducation2 nc.
1<) 4oday 4oday most ,usiness firms *ave discontinued operating t*eir legacy systems2 replacing t*ese wit* inexpensive 3e, 3e, services and *osted software. Answer: FALS !iff: " #age $ef: 151 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 15) Scala,ility refers to t*e a,ility of a computer2 product2 or system to expand to serve a large num,er of users wit*out ,rea;ing down. Answer: 4$ !iff: 1 #age $ef: 15% AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: . "7) 4'+ refers to t*e original cost of purc*ased tec*nology: ,ot* *ardware and software. Answer: FALS !iff: 1 #age $ef: 15& AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: . "1) 3*ic* type of infrastructure services provides voice and video connectivity to employees2 customers2 and suppliersB A) networ;ing () telep*one ') C+# !) telecommunications Answer: ! !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1% AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1 "") 3*ic* of t*e following is not an an 4 infrastructure service componentB A) operating system software () computing platforms to provide a co*erent digital environment ') p*ysical facility management to manage t*e facilities *ousing p*ysical components !) 4 management services to plan and develop dev elop t*e infrastructure and provide pro-ect management Answer: A !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1%1%% AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1
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'opyrig*t "718 #earson ducation2 nc.
"6) #lace t*e following eras of 4 infrastructure evolution in order2 from earliest to most recent: 1. 'loud 'omputing raD ". 'lient/ServerD 6. nterprise raD 8. #ersonal 'omputerD and . @ainframe and @inicomputer. @inicomputer. A) 82 2 62 "2 1 () 2 82 "2 62 1 ') 82 2 "2 62 1 !) 2 82 "2 12 6 Answer: A !iff: " #age $ef: 1%&1&1 AA'S(: Analytic s;ills 'AS: Synt*esis +,-ective: ." "8) 4*e introduction of t*e minicomputer A) allowed computers to ,e customized to t*e specific needs of departments or ,usiness units. () ena,led decentralized computing. ') offered new2 powerful mac*ines at lower prices t*an mainframes. !) all of t*e a,ove. Answer: ! !iff: " #age $ef: 1%& AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: ." ") A client computer networ;ed to a server computer2 wit* processing split ,etween t*e two types of mac*ines2 is called aEn) A) serviceoriented arc*itecture. () ondemand arc*itecture. ') multitiered client/server arc*itecture. !) twotiered client/server arc*itecture. Answer: ! !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1%5 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: ." "%) n a multitiered networ; A) t*e wor; of t*e entire networ; is centralized. () t*e wor; of t*e entire networ; is ,alanced over several levels of servers. ') processing is split ,etween clients and servers. !) processing is *andled ,y multiple2 geograp*icallyremote clients. Answer: ( !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1%5 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: ."
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'opyrig*t "718 #earson ducation2 nc.
"&) nterpretations of @oore=s law assert t*at A) computing power dou,les every 1< mont*s. () transistors decrease in size 7 every two years. ') data storage costs decrease ,y 7 every 1< mont*s. !) none of t*e a,ove. Answer: A !iff: " #age $ef: 1&1 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: ." "<) 3*ic* of t*e following factors provides an understanding of w* y computing resources today are ever more availa,le t*an in previous decadesB A) networ; economics () law of mass digital storage and @oore=s law ') declining communications costs2 universal standards2 and t*e nternet !) all of t*e a,ove Answer: ! !iff: " #age $ef: 1&11&8 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: . "5) 4oday=s nanotec*nologyproduced computer transistors are roug*ly e9uivalent in size to A) t*e widt* of a fingernail. () a *uman *air. *air. ') a virus. !) an atom. Answer: ' !iff: " #age $ef: 1&" AA'S(: $eflective t*in;ing t*in;ing s;ills s;ills 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: ." 67) Specifications t*at esta,lis* t*e compati,ility of products and t*e a, ility to communicate in a networ; are called A) networ; standards. () telecommunications standards. ') tec*nology standards. !) nternet standards. Answer: ' !iff: " #age $ef: 1& AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1
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'opyrig*t "718 #earson ducation2 nc.
61) GGGGGGGG unleas* powerful economies econ omies of scale and result in declines in manufactured computer products. A) nternet and 3e, tec*nologies () 4ec*nology standards ') Linux and opensource software !) 'lient/server tec*nologies Answer: ( !iff: " #age $ef: 1& AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: ." 6") 4*e multitas;ing2 multiuser2 operating system developed ,y (ell La,oratories t*at operates on a wide variety of computing platforms is A) nix. () Linux. ') +S ?. !) '+(+L. Answer: A !iff: 6 #age $ef: 1& AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: ." 66) 4*e networ; standard for connecting des;top computers into local area networ;s t*at ena,led t*e widespread adoption of client/server computing and local area networ;s and furt*er stimulated t*e adoption of personal computers is A) 4'#/# 4 '#/#.. () '+(+L. ') t*ernet. !) AS'. Answer: ' !iff: " #age $ef: 1& AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: ." 68) 3*ic* of t*e following is a leading networ;ing *a rdware providerB A) !ell () 'isco ') Seagate !) (@ Answer: ( !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1&5 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1 7
'opyrig*t "718 #earson ducation2 nc.
6) Software t*at manages t*e resources of t*e computer is called A) operating system software. () application software. ') data management software. !) networ; software. Answer: A !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1&& AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1 6%) A SA0 is a GGGGGGGG G GGGGGGG networ;. A) server area () storage area ') scala,le arc*itecture !) serviceoriented arc*itecture Answer: ( !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1&< AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1 6&) As referred to in t*e text2 legacy systems are A) traditional mainframe,ased ,usiness information systems. () electronic spreads*eets used on a #'. ') any pre1557 3intel systems. !) systems found on older AS#s. Answer: A !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1&5 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1 6<) Legacy systems are still used ,ecause t*ey A) can only ,e run on t*e older mainframe computers. () are too expensive to redesign. ') integrate well using new 3e, 3e, services tec*nologies. !) contain valua,le data t*at would wou ld ,e lost during redesign. Answer: ( !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1&5 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1
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65) 3*ic* of t*e following is not an an example of t*e emerging mo,ile computing platformsB A) ta,lets () t*e Hindle ') cell p*ones !) '$@ Answer: ! !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1<7 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .6 87) All of t*e following are current *ardware platform trends except A) green computing. () virtualization. ') cloud computing. !) nix. Answer: ! !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1<7 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .6 81) 'onnecting geograp*ically remote computers in a single networ; to create a Ivirtual supercomputerI is called A) colocation. () edge computing. ') grid computing. !) utility computing. Answer: ' !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1<1 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .6 8") 4*e ,usiness case for using grid computing involves all of t*e following except A) cost savings. () increased accuracy accu racy.. ') speed of computation. !) agility. Answer: ( !iff: " #age $ef: 1<1 AA'S(: Analytic s;ills 'AS: Analysis +,-ective: .6
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86) 3*ic* of t*e following does grid computing utilize to create enormous supercomputing powerB A) massive unused data centers () underutilized mainframe computers ') networ;ed computers wit* idle resources !) networ;s wit* low usage Answer: ' !iff: " #age $ef: 1<1 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .6 88) 4*e process of presenting a set of computing co mputing resources Esuc* as computing power or data storage) so t*at t*ey can all ,e accessed in ways t*at are not restricted ,y p*ysical configuration or geograp*ic location is called A) cloud computing. () autonomic computing. ') virtualization. !) multicore processing. Answer: A !iff: " #age $ef: 1<6 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .6 8) 3*ic* type of computing refers to firms purc*asing computing power from remote providers and paying only for t*e computing power t*ey useB A) ondemand () grid ') edge !) autonomic Answer: A !iff: " #age $ef: 1< AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .6 8%) An example of autonomic computing is A) spyware protection software t*at runs and updates itself automatically. automatically. () software programmed to run on any *ardware platform. ') cell p*ones ta;ing on t*e functions of *and*eld computers. !) programming languages t*at allow nonprogrammers to create custom applications. Answer: A !iff: " #age $ef: 1<< AA'S(: Analytic s;ills 'AS: Analysis +,-ective: .6 10
'opyrig*t "718 #earson ducation2 nc.
8&) An industrywide effort effort to develop systems t*at can configure2 optimize2 tune2 and *eal t*emselves w*en ,ro;en2 and protect t*emselves from outside intruders and selfdestruction is called A) grid computing. () utility computing. ') virtualization. !) autonomic computing. Answer: ! !iff: " #age $ef: 1<< AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .6 8<) 3*ic* type of software is created and updated ,y a worldwide community of programmers and availa,le for freeB A) software pac;ages () mas*ups ') outsourced !) open source Answer: ! !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1<5 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 85) 3*ic* of t*e following is not one one of t*e current software platform trendsB A) grid computing () opensource software ') 4@L !) software outsourcing Answer: A !iff: " #age $ef: 1<5 AA'S(: Analytic s;ills 'AS: Analysis +,-ective: .8 7) Linux is A) primarily concerned wit* t*e tas;s of end users. () designed for specific mac*ines and specific microprocessors. ') an example of opensource software. !) especially useful for processing numeric data. Answer: ' !iff: " #age $ef: 1<5 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 11
'opyrig*t "718 #earson ducation2 nc.
1) 3*ic* of t*e following statements a,out Linux is not trueB trueB A) t plays a ma-or role in t*e ,ac; office running local area networ;s. () t is availa,le in free versions downloada,le from t*e nternet. ') t *as garnered <7 percent of o f t*e server operating system mar;et. !) Linux applications are em,edded in cell p*ones2 smartp*ones2 net,oo;s2 and ot*er *and*eld devices. Answer: ' !iff: " #age $ef: 1<5 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 ") $unning a >ava program on a computer re9uires A) a >ava Cirtual @ac*ine to ,e installed on t*e computer c omputer.. () a >ava Cirtual Cirtual @ac*ine to ,e installed on t*e server *osting t*e >ava applet. ') a miniature program to ,e downloaded to t*e user=s computer. !) no specialized software2 as >ava is platformindependent. Answer: A !iff: " #age $ef: 157 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 6) A software tool wit* a grap*ical user interface for displaying d isplaying 3e, 3e, pages and for accessing t*e 3e, 3e, and ot*er nternet resources is called a 3e, A) service. () client. ') ,rowser. !) app. Answer: ' !iff: 1 #age $ef: 157 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 8) 4*e development of 4'#/# occurred during t*e GGGGGGGG era. A) cloud and mo,ile computing () generalpurpose mainframe and minicomputer ') enterprise computing !) personal computer Answer: ' !iff: " #age $ef: 1&7 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: ."
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) Sets of loosely coupled software components t*at exc*ange information wit* eac* ot*er using standard 3e, 3e, communication standards and a nd languages are referred to as A) 3e, services. () A software. ') S+A. !) S+A#. Answer: A !iff: " #age $ef: 151 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 %) 3*at is t*e foundation tec*nology for 3e, 3e, servicesB A) ?@L () 4@L ') S+A# !) !! Answer: A !iff: " #age $ef: 151 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 &) A set of selfcontained services t*at communicate wit* eac* ot*er to create a wor;ing software application is called A) 3e, services. () A software. ') S+A. !) S+A#. Answer: ' !iff: " #age $ef: 151 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 <) #rewritten2 commercially availa,le sets of software programs t*at eliminate t*e need for a firm to write its own software programs for certain functions2 are referred to as A) software pac;ages. () mas*ups. ') outsourced software. !) opensource software. Answer: A !iff: 1 #age $ef: 156 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8
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5) GGGGGGGG are created ,y com,ining and customizing components componen ts from different online software applications. A) Apps () @as*ups ') SaaS !) 3e, services Answer: ( !iff: 1 #age $ef: 15815 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 %7) 4*e mar;etplace for computer *ardware A) *as ,ecome increasingly concentrated in top firms. () *as expanded to include a wide variety of startup and mo,ilecomputing firms. ') *as moved significantly to Asian firms. !) *as ,een decimated ,y mo,ile and cloud computing. Answer: A !iff: " #age $ef: 1&& AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .6 %1) 4*e practice of contracting custom software development to an outside firm is commonly referred to as A) outsourcing. () scaling. ') serviceoriented arc*itecture. !) application integration. Answer: A !iff: 1 #age $ef: 158 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 %") A formal contract ,etween customers and t*eir service providers t*at outlines t*e specific responsi,ilities of t*e service provider and to t*e customer is called aEn) A) S+A. () SLA. ') 4'+. !) $FJ. Answer: ( !iff: 1 #age $ef: 158 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8
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%6) SaaS refers to A) supplying online access over networ;s to storage devices and storage area networ; tec*nology. () managing com,inations of applications2 networ;s2 systems2 storage2 and security as well as providing 3e, 3e, site and systems performance monitoring to su,scri,ers over t*e t*e nternet. ') *osting and managing access to software applications delivered over t*e nternet to clients on a su,scription ,asis. !) none of t*e a,ove. Answer: ' !iff: " #age $ef: 158 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 %8) 3*ic* of t*e following refers to t*e a,ility of a computer2 product2 or system to ex pand to serve a larger num,er of users wit*out ,rea;ing downB A) modality () scala,ility ') expanda,ility !) disintermediation Answer: ( !iff: 1 #age $ef: 15% AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: . %) ardware and software ac9uisition costs account for a,out GGGGGGGG percent of 4'+. A) "7 () 87 ') %7 !) <7 Answer: A !iff: " #age $ef: 15& AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .
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%%) 3*ic* model can ,e used to analyze t*e direct and indirect costs to *elp firms determine t*e actual cost of specific tec*nology implementationsB A) total cost of owners*ip () return on investment ') ,rea;even point !) cost,enefit analysis Answer: A !iff: 1 #age $ef: 15& AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: . %&) 3*ic* of t*e following is t*e most popular mo,ile operating systemB A) Linux () Android ') '*rome +S !) i+S Answer: ( !iff: " #age $ef: 1&& AA'S(: Analytic s;ills 'AS: valuation +,-ective: .6 %<) ow would you determine t*e mar;et demand for your firm=s 4 servicesB A) #erform a 4'+ analysis. () (enc*mar; your services. ') old focus groups to assess your services. !) Analyze sales returns on ;ey investments. Answer: ' !iff: 1 #age $ef: 15< AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: . %5) 3*ic* of t*e following is not one one of t*e main six factors to consider w*en evaluating *ow muc* your firm s*ould spend on 4 infrastructureB A) your firm=s ,usiness strategy () t*e 4 investments made ,y competitor firms ') mar;et demand for your firm=s services !) your firm=s organizational culture Answer: ! !iff: " #age $ef: 15<155 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .
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&7) 3*ic* of t*e following is not one one of t*e 0S4 defined c*aracteristics of cloud co mputingB A) u,i9uitous networ; access () locationindependent resource pooling ') rapid elasticity !) nonmeasured service Answer: ! !iff: " #age $ef: 1<8 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .6 &1) 4*e GGGGGGGG #'2 ,ecoming t*e standard #' in t*e #ersonal 'omputer ra2 uses t*e 3indows operating system software on a computer wit* an ntel microprocessor. Answer: 3intel !iff: " #age $ef: 1%& AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: ." &") AEn)GGGGGGGG server is used to communicate ,etween a 3e, server and an organization=s ,ac;end systems. Answer: application !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1&7 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1 &6) GGGGGGGG uses GGGGGGGG uses individual atoms and molecules to create computer c*ips and ot*er devices t*inner t*an a *uman *air. Answer: 0anotec*nology !iff: 1 #age $ef: 1&" AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: ." &8) GGGGGGGG states t*at t*e value or power of a networ; grows exponentially as a function of t*e num,er of networ; mem,ers. Answer: @etcalfe=s Law !iff: 6 #age $ef: 1&8 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: ."
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&) GGGGGGGG are GGGGGGGG are computers consisting of a circuit ,oard wit* processors2 memory2 and networ; connections t*at are stored in rac;s. Answer: (lade servers !iff: " #age $ef: 1&& AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .1 &%) GGGGGGGG surfaces allow users to gesture on a screen wit* several fingers to execute commands. Answer: @ultitouc* !iff: " #age $ef: 1&< AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: ." &&) GGGGGGGG allows a single computing resource2 suc* as a server2 to appear to t*e user as multiple logical resources. Answer: Cirtualization !iff: " #age $ef: 1<1 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .6 &<) AEn) GGGGGGGG is GGGGGGGG is an integrated circuit to w*ic* two or more processors *ave ,een attac*ed for en*anced performance and reduced power consumption. Answer: multicore processor !iff: " #age $ef: 1<% AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .6 &5) GGGGGGGG provides a standard format for data exc*ange2 ena,ling 3e, services to pass data from one process to anot*er. anot*er. Answer: ?@L !iff: " #age $ef: 151 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 <7) GGGGGGGG ta;es place w*en a firm contracts custom software development or maintenance of existing legacy programs to outside firms. Answer: +utsourcing !iff: 1 #age $ef: 158 AA'S(: se of information tec*nology tec*nology 'AS: 'ontent +,-ective: .8 18
'opyrig*t "718 #earson ducation2 nc.
<1) xplain w*y standards are so important in information tec*nology. tec*nology. 3*at standards *ave ,een important for t*e growt* of nternet tec*nologiesB Answer: Standards are important ,ecause t*ey t*ey result in different different manufacturers creating products t*at can ,e used eit*er wit* eac* ot*er or to communicate wit* eac* ot*er. For example2 example2 wit*out standards2 eac* lig*t,ul, manufacturer would *ave to also create specific lig*t,ul, soc;ets for use wit* t*eir lig*t ,ul,s. n t*e same wa y2 computers and computer tec*nology *ave ,een ena,led t*roug* standards. Standards *ave allowed many different manufacturers to contri,ute to t*e same2 standardized definitions of a tec*nological application. For example2 t*e AS' data standards made it possi,le for computer mac*ines from different manufacturers to exc*ange data2 and standardized software languages *ave ena,led programmers to write programs t*at can ,e used on different mac*ines. 4*e standards t*at *ave ,een important for t*e growt* of t*e nternet include 4'#/#2 4'#/#2 as a networ;ing standard2 and 333 standards for displaying information as 3e, 3e, pages2 including 4@L. !iff: 6 #age $ef: 1& AA'S(: Analytic s;ills 'AS: Synt*esis +,-ective: ." <") !istinguis* ,etween grid computing2 cloud computing2 and utility computing. Answer: Krid computing involves connecting geograp*ically remote remote computers into a single single networ; to create a computational grid t*at com,ines t*e computing power of all t*e computers on t*e networ; wit* w*ic* to attac; large computing pro,lems. n cloud computing2 tec*nology services are provided over a networ;2 primarily t*e nternet. 4*ese may ,e infrastructure services2 suc* as storage or networ;ing2 or platform services2 suc* as (@=s application development and test service2 or software services2 suc* as salesforce.com. +ndemand computing occurs w*en firms pay su,scription fees or pay only for t*eir usage of a vendor=s cloud computing services. !iff: " #age $ef: 1<11< AA'S(: Analytic s;ills 'AS: Analysis +,-ective: .6
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'opyrig*t "718 #earson ducation2 nc.
<6) List and descri,e four services t*at comprise 4 infrastructure2 ,eyond p*ysical devices an d software applications. Answer: 4*e service components of 4 infrastructure include: 4elecommunications services t*at provide data2 voice2 and video connectivity. !ata management services to store2 manage2 and analyze data. Application software services t*at provide enterprisewide capa,ilities. #*ysical facilities management services2 to develop and manag e p*ysical installations of tec*nology. 4 standards services t*at esta,lis* and monitor t*e firm=s policies. 4 education services t*at provide training in use of t*e systems. 4 researc* and development services t*at researc* potential pro-ects2 products2 and investments. !iff: " #age $ef: 1%% AA'S(: Analytic s;ills 'AS: Analysis +,-ective: .1 <8) An ad*oc group of oceanograp*ers needs to set up a system to analyze massive amounts of data on ocean temperatures. 4*e tec*nology and *ardware for gat*ering t*e data and transmitting t*e data to a central computer is in place. 3*at additional *ardware mig*t t*ey n eedB 3*at tec*ni9ues mig*t t*ey use to ma;e t*eir researc* more efficient and lower costsB Answer: 4o store t*eir data t*ey may want to use a SA0. 4o 4o process t*eir data2 t*ey will need a supercomputer or grid computing. 4o lower costs2 t*ey could loo; at ondemand or utility computing as well as virtualization and implementing multicore processors. !iff: 6 #age $ef: 1<71<5 AA'S(: Analytic s;ills 'AS: Synt*esis +,-ective: .6
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'opyrig*t "718 #earson ducation2 nc.
<) (riefly explain w*y corporations are increasingly interested in using nix or Linux for t*eir operating system. Answer: Linux is an inexpensive and ro,ust opensource relative of nix. nix and Linux constitute t*e ,ac;,one of corporate infrastructure t*roug*out muc* of t*e world ,ecause t*ey are scala,le2 relia,le2 and muc* less expensive t*an mainframe operating systems. 4*ey can also run on many different types of processors. 4*e ma-or providers of nix operating systems are (@2 #2 #2 and Sun Su n wit* slig*tly different and partially incompati,le versions. Alt*oug* 3indows continues to dominate t*e client mar;etplace2 many corporations *ave ,egun to explore Linux as a lowcost des;top operating system provided ,y commercial vendors suc* as $edat Linux and Linux,ased des;top productivity suites suc* as Sun=s Star+ffice. Linux is also availa,le in free versions downloada,le from t*e nternet as opensource software. 4*e rise of opensource software2 particularly Linux and t*e applications it supports at t*e client and server level2 *as profound implications for corporate software platforms: cost2 reduction2 relia,ility and resilience2 and integration2 ,ecause Linux wor;s on all t*e ma-or *ardware platforms from mainframes to servers servers to clients. Linux *as t*e potential to ,rea; @icrosoft=s monopoly on t*e des;top. Sun=s S un=s Star+ffice *as an inexpensive Linux,ased version t*at competes wit* @icrosoft=s +ffice productivity suite. !iff: " #age $ef: 1<5 AA'S(: Analytic s;ills 'AS: valuation +,-ective: .8
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'opyrig*t "718 #earson ducation2 nc.
<%) dentify and descri,e five or more of t*e current trends in contemporary software platforms. Answer: 1. Krowing use of Linux and opensource software software +pensource software is produced and maintained ,y a glo,al community of o f programmers and is downloada,le for free. Linux is a powerful2 resilient opensource operating system t*at can run on multiple multiple *ardware platforms and is used widely to run 3e, servers. ". 4@L 4*is is t*e next evolution of 4@L w*ic* simplifies simplifies em,edding multimedia2 multimedia2 ric* media2 and animation in t*e ,rowser. 6. 'loud,ased services n cloud,ased services and software2 users users rent applications applications or storage space from online providers rat*er t*an running t*ese applications or t*emselves or using local storage. 8. 3e, services and serviceoriented arc*itecture arc*itecture 3e, 3e, services are loosely coupled software components ,ased on open 3e, standards t*at are not productspecific and can wor; wit* any application software and operating system. 4*ey can ,e used as components of 3e,,ased 3e,,ased applications lin;ing t*e systems of two different organizations or to lin; disparate systems of a single company co mpany.. . Software outsourcing 'ompanies are purc*asing t*eir new software software applications from outside sources2 including application software pac;ages2 ,y outsourcing custom application development to an external vendor Et*at may ,e offs*ore)2 or ,y renting software services from an application service provider. provider. %. 'loud,ased services 'ompanies are leasing infrastructure2 *ardware2 and software from vendors2 paying on a su,scription or pertransaction pertransaction ,asis. &. @as*ups and apps @as*ups are programs programs created ,y com,ining com,ining two or more more existing nternet applications. Apps are small programs developed for mo,iles and *and*elds2 turning t*em into more ro,ust computing tools. !iff: 6 #age $ef: 1<515 AA'S(: Analytic s;ills 'AS: Analysis +,-ective: .8 <&) 3*at are t*e draw,ac;s of cloud computingB !o you t*in; t*ese ever ev er outweig* t*e ,enefits2 and if so2 in w*at casesB Answer: Students s*ould ,e a,le to identify identify at least two draw,ac;s. !raw,ac;s include: 1. placing placing data storage storage and control control in in anot*er firm=s firm=s *ands2 *ands2 ". security ris;s in *aving critical critical systems and data entrusted to a firm t*at does ,usiness wit* ot*er firms2 6. loss of ,usiness ,usiness capa,ility capa,ility if cloud infrastructu infrastructures res malfunction malfunction22 8. dependence dependence on cloud computing computing provider provider and switc*ing switc*ing costs. Student answers answers regarding regarding t*e relative weig*t will vary2 vary2 an example is: 4*e disadvantages of cloud computing outweig* t*e advantages2 except if any data lost is irreplacea,le or creates *arm to ot*ers. For example2 a data,ase of financial information s*ould remain t*e responsi,ility of t*e original firm so t*at t*ey can ,e *eld accounta,le. !iff: " #age $ef: 1< AA'S(: Analytic s;ills 'AS: valuation +,-ective: .6 22
'opyrig*t "718 #earson ducation2 nc.
<<) 3*at is scala,ilityB 3*y is it essential to t*e success of t*e modern ,usiness firmB Answer: Scala,ility is t*e a,ility of t*e computer2 computer2 product2 or system to expand to survey larger num,ers of users wit*out ,rea;ing down. t is important ,ecause as firms grow2 grow2 t*ey can 9uic;ly outgrow t*eir infrastructure. As firms s*rin;2 t*ey can get stuc; wit* excessive infrastructure purc*ased in ,etter times. Any modern company must ,e a,le to ma;e plans for t*e future2 even t*oug* t*at future may ,e different d ifferent t*an w*at was expected. 'omputer e9uipment is expensive2 t*oug* dropping in price2 and ,udgets must ,e planned to allow for new purc*ases2 upgrades2 and training. t is generally assumed t*at a successful company will need more computer capacity for more people as it follows a pat* to continued success. !iff: " #age $ef: 15% AA'S(: Analytic s;ills 'AS: valuation +,-ective: . <5) A small design agency you are consulting for will ,e creating client 3e, 3e, sites and wants to purc*ase a 3e, 3e, server so t*ey can *ost t*e sites t*emselves. ow will you advise t*em on t*is purc*aseB Answer: 4*ey need to understand total cost of owners*ip: t*e costs will go ,eyond t*e cost of t*e server2 ,ut t*ey will also need to purc*ase t*e server software and any application software t*ey will ,e using. 4*ey will also need someone in t*eir 4 department to manage and maintain t*e computers. 4*ey will also incur facilities costs for running t*e computer. 4*ey need to *ave a ,ac;up plan s*ould t*e server fail. 4*e design agency will need to add up all t*e potential costs and ris;s. Additionally2 Additionally2 t*ey need to prepare for t*eir plan if t*ey need more servers. 3ill 3ill t*ey eventually *ave to run and an d maintain t*eir own server farmB 3*at if one of t*eir clients= sites is more popular t*an anticipated and t*e server *as difficulty *andling t*e loadB ow 9uic;ly c an t*ey add servers or processing powerB 4*e company s*ould loo; at collocation2 3e, 3e, *osting services2 and AS#s to see if t*eir needs will ,e ,etter met t*is way. !iff: 6 #age $ef: 15&155 AA'S(: Analytic s;ills 'AS: Synt*esis +,-ective: .
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'opyrig*t "718 #earson ducation2 nc.
57) Mou Mou are starting a mar;et researc* company wit* a single ,usiness partner and are planning t*e *ardware and software need for t*e two of you. 3*ic* factors s*ould play into your d ecision of *ow muc* to spend on t*ese investmentsB Answer: sing t*e competitive forces model for 4 infrastructure infrastructure investment2 t*e most relevant factors in t*is decision are: N The firm's business strategy. 3*at capa,ilities will we want to *ave over t*e next five yearsB N lignment of IT strategy. ow does our 4 strategy matc* up wit* t*e ,usiness planB N IT assessment. 3*at are t*e current tec*nology levels for t*e services we are offering and our ,usiness typeB 3e 3e would pro,a,ly not need to ,e at t*e ,leeding edge2 ,ut not ,e* ind t*e times eit*er. N Competitor firm ser!ices. 3*at tec*nologyena,led capa,ilities ca pa,ilities do our competitors *aveB 3e would want to matc* services wit* our competitors. N Competitor firm IT in!estments. ow muc* are competitor firms investing in t*eir tec*nologyB (ecause t*is is a startup2 one ot*er factor may not play suc* a large role: t*at of o f mar;et demand for services. owever2 finding out t*e mar;et demand for competitor=s services may uncover ways t*at t*is new company could *ave a competitive advantage. !iff: 6 #age $ef: 15<155 AA'S(: Analytic s;ills 'AS: Synt*esis +,-ective: .
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'opyrig*t "718 #earson ducation2 nc.
