Elena García Torres
MATERIALES PARA EL AULA DE ESPAÑOL Dirección Rafael Martínez Bernardo Consejero de Educación Autora Elena García Torres Asesora Técnica en Auckland Diseño Portada Elena García Torres
MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN Y CIENCIA Subdirección General de Cooperación Internacional Edita
© Secretaría General Técnica
Subdirección General de Información y Publicaciones Embajada de España en Australia y Nueva Zelanda Consejería de Educación Depósitos legales NIPO: 176-04-159-4 ISBN: 0 9580649 3 8 Distribución Consejería de Educación Embajada de España en Australia y Nueva Zelanda 15 Arkana Street. YARRALUMLA 2600 ACT. Australia Teléfono: 02 6273 4291 / Fax: 02 6273 4588 e-mail:
[email protected] Impresión y encuadernación ELECT PRINTING, LTD. 112 Wollongong St. Canberra 2609 Publicación gratuita de apoyo y difusión de la lengua y culturas de los países hispanohablantes en Australia y Nueva Zelanda
MATERIAL FOTOCOPIABLE
127$35(/,0,1$5
(VWH FRQMXQWR GH DFWLYLGDGHV HVWiQ HVWUXFWXUDGDV HQ WRUQR D FXDWUR HMHV³(OHVSDxROHQHOPXQGR´³0LVDPLJRVORVDQLPDOHV´³3DUDWRGRV ORV JXVWRV´ \ ³¢&yPR VRPRV"´ D SDUWLU GH ORV FXDOHV KHPRV SURSXHVWR D PRGR GH ILFKDV LQGLYLGXDOHV GLIHUHQWHV DFWLYLGDGHV TXH HVWLPXOHQ OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ HQ HVSDxRO \ VLUYDQ DO SURIHVRUD GH (/( FRPR PDWHULDO FRPSOHPHQWDULR SDUD VXV FODVHV &DGD XQR GH HVWRV HMHV SURSRQHQ XQD WDUHD ILQDO HQ OD TXH D WUDYpV GH PLQLWDUHDV IDFLOLWDGRUDV VH KD GHVDUUROODGR \ SRWHQFLDGR HO XVR GH ODV GLYHUVDV GHVWUH]DV\HVWUDWHJLDVFRPXQLFDWLYDVIRPHQWDQGRODFRODERUDFLyQHO LQWHUFDPELR GH SXQWRV GH YLVWD \ OD FUHDWLYLGDG 1RV KHPRV DSR\DGR HQ XQD PHWRGRORJtD PRWLYDGRUD \ YDULDGD FRQ XQ HQIRTXH HPLQHQWHPHQWH SUiFWLFR FRQ HO ILQ GH SRWHQFLDU HO HMHUFLFLR GH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQHQHODXOD
+HPRV WUDWDGR GH DEDUFDU XQ JUXSR DPSOLR \ KHWHURJpQHR GH HVWXGLDQWHV VL ELHQ HVWi GLULJLGR SULQFLSDOPHQWH D HVWXGLDQWHV FRQ XQ QLYHOHOHPHQWDOHLQWHUPHGLR(VSRUHOORTXHODVGLYHUVDVDFWLYLGDGHV\ WDUHDV SURSXHVWDV LPSOLFDQ IXQFLRQHV FRPXQLFDWLYDV FRQWHQLGRV JUDPDWLFDOHV \ Op[LFRV FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV D GLIHUHQWHV QLYHOHV (O GRFHQWH VHOHFFLRQDUi DTXHOODV TXH SXHGDQ UHVXOWDU DSURSLDGDV SDUD VDWLVIDFHU ODV QHFHVLGDGHV \ DGHFXDUVH D ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GHO JUXSR DO TXH YD\D D GLULJLUODV /RV SURIHVRUHV SXHGHQ IRWRFRSLDU OLEUHPHQWH HVWRV PDWHULDOHV \D TXH HV QXHVWUD LQWHQFLyQ TXH VH SXHGD KDFHU XQ XVRGHHOORVORPiVH[WHQVLYR\SURGXFWLYRSRVLEOH +HPRVLQFOXLGRDOILQDOXQHVTXHPDSDUDSRWHQFLDUODDXWRHYDOXDFLyQ\ OD UHIOH[LyQ HQ UHODFLyQ FRQ OD H[SHULHQFLD GH DSUHQGL]DMH TXH FDGD HVWXGLDQWH KD\D H[SHULPHQWDGR DO OOHYDU D FDER ODV DFWLYLGDGHV SURSXHVWDVWUDWDQGRGHUHIRU]DUODDXWRQRPtDGHFDGDHVWXGLDQWHFRQ UHVSHFWRDVXSURFHVRGHDSUHQGL]DMH
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
(OHVSDxROHQHO PXQGR
f ´/DxHVODQFRQELJRWHµ5DPyQ*yPH]GHOD6HUQD
),&+$
(/(63$f2/48(126$%(648(<$6$%(6
¢4XpSDODEUDVFRQRFHVHQHVSDxRO" 3RQXQDFUX]HQDTXHOODVSDODEUDVTXHFUHDVTXHVRQHVSDxRODV *HRJUDItD 1RPEUHV
)ORULGD 9LHQD 3DUtV /RVÈQJHOHV 5RPD 6DQ)UDQFLVFR 9DOHQFLD &RPLGD
:HQG\ (QULTXH 1RUPDQ $QWRQLR &DUPHQ &DWKHULQH -XDQ&DUORV
0~VLFD\EDLOH
7DSDV 0XVDND 3DHOOD +DPEXUJHU *D]SDFKR /DVDJQD (QFKLODGD
6DOVD 6DPED 0HUHQJXH 7DQJR :DOW] )ODPHQFR )DGR
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
),&+$
&XHVWLRQDULRFXOWXUDO¢&8È1726$%(6'(/263$Ë6(6<&8/785$6'( +$%/$(63$f2/$" (Q(VSDxDOD~QLFDOHQJXDRILFLDOHVHOHVSDxRO ,Q6SDLQWKHRQO\RIILFLDOODQJXDJHLV6SDQLVK • 9HUGDGHUR • )DOVR 0RFKH&KLPX\&KDYLQVRQFLYLOL]DFLRQHVGHO3HU~DQWHULRUHVDOD,QFD 0RFKH&KLPXDQG&KDYLQDUH3HUXYLDQFLYLOL]DWLRQVWKDWH[LVWHGEHIRUHWKH ,QFDV • 9HUGDGHUR • )DOVR /DSDHOODHVXQDFRPLGDHVSDxRODWtSLFDGH$QGDOXFtD 3DHOODLVDW\SLFDO6SDQLVKGLVKIURP$QGDOXVLD • 9HUGDGHUR • )DOVR (O7LWLFDFDHVHOODJRQDYHJDEOHPiVDOWRGHOPXQGR 7LWLFDFDLVWKHKLJKHVWQDYLJDEOHODNHLQWKHZRUOG • 9HUGDGHUR • )DOVR 'RQ4XLMRWHHVXQIDPRVRGHWHFWLYHHVSDxRO 'RQ4XL[RWHLVDIDPRXV6SDQLVKGHWHFWLYH • 9HUGDGHUR • )DOVR (OEDORQFHVWRHVHOGHSRUWHPiVIDPRVRGHORVSDtVHVGHKDEODHVSDxROD %DVHNHWEDOOLVWKHPRVWSRSXODUVSRUWLQ6SDQLVKVSHDNLQJFRXQWULHV • 9HUGDGHUR • )DOVR
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
/RVFRUULGDVGHWRURVVRQXQHVSHFWiFXORJUDWXLWRHQ(VSDxD %XOOILJKWLQJLVIUHHLQ6SDLQ • 9HUGDGHUR • )DOVR (Q0DGULGKD\XQDLJOHVLDPX\IDPRVDOODPDGD³/D6DJUDGD)DPLOLD´REUDGHO DUTXLWHFWR$QWRQLR*DXGt ,Q0DGULGWKHUHLVDIDPRXVFKXUFKFDOOHG³/D6DJUDGD)DPLOLD´GHVLJQHGE\ $QWRQLR*DXGt • 9HUGDGHUR • )DOVR +DVWDHOPRPHQWRVRQRQFHORVHVFULWRUHVFRQVXREUDHVFULWDHQHVSDxROTXH KDQJDQDGRHO3UHPLR1REHOGHOLWHUDWXUD 6RIDUWKHUHKDYHEHHQ6SDQLVKVSHDNLQJZULWHUVZKRKDYHZRQWKH1REHO 3UL]H • 9HUGDGHUR • )DOVR
/RVDUPDGLOORVVRQXQRVDQLPDOHVTXHYLYHQHQ(VSDxD $UPDGLOORVDUHDQLPDOVWKDWOLYHLQ6SDLQ • 9HUGDGHUR • )DOVR 3DEOR3LFDVVRHVXQP~VLFRHVSDxROPX\LPSRUWDQWH 3DEOR3LFDVVRLVDYHU\LPSRUWDQW6SDQLVKPXVLFLDQ • 9HUGDGHUR • )DOVR
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
/RV$]WHFDVIXHURQHOSXHEORLQGtJHQDGH$PpULFDTXHGRPLQDEDHQHOQRUWH GH 0pMLFR FXDQGR WXYR OXJDU OD FRQTXLVWD HVSDxROD SRU +HUQiQ &RUWpV D SULQFLSLRVGHOVLJOR;9, $]WHFVZHUHWKHQDWLYH$PHULFDQSHRSOHLQQRUWKHUQ0H[LFRDWWKHWLPHRIWKH 6SDQLVKFRQTXHVWOHGE\+HUQiQ&RUWpVLQWKHHDUO\WKFHQWXU\
• •
9HUGDGHUR )DOVR
(O=RUURHVXQKpURHGHILFFLyQGH3DQDPi (O=RUURLVDILFWLRQKHURIURP3DQDPD • •
9HUGDGHUR )DOVR
&DGDPLQXWRVVHFHOHEUDXQDILHVWDHQDOJ~QOXJDUGH(VSDxD (YHU\PLQXWHVWKHUHLVD)HVWLYDOVRPHZKHUHLQ6SDLQ • 9HUGDGHUR • )DOVR (OHVSDxROHVOD~QLFDOHQJXDRILFLDOGH3DUDJXD\ 6SDQLVKLVWKHRQO\RIILFLDOODQJXDJHRI3DUDJXD\ • 9HUGDGHUR • )DOVR +,63$126)$02626
),&+$
$FWLYLGDG 6H IRUPDUiQ JUXSRV \ ORV HVWXGLDQWHV GH FDGD JUXSR FRQMXQWDPHQWH GHEHUiQ UHOOHQDU HO VLJXLHQWH HVTXHPD HQ XQ WLHPSR OLPLWDGR FRQ HO QRPEUH GH SHUVRQDMHV KLVSDQRV IDPRVRV TXH FRQR]FDQ (O JUXSR TXH WHUPLQHSULPHURJDQD
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
+LVSDQRVIDPRVRV 'HO PXQGR GHODV DUWHV
'HO PXQGR GHOD SROtWLFD
'HO PXQGR GHODV OHWUDV
'HO PXQGR GHOFLQH
'HO PXQGR GHO GHSRUWH
$FWLYLGDG(QHOFXDGURDGMXQWRDSDUHFHQORVQRPEUHVGHKLVSDQRVIDPRVRV 6H IRUPDUiQ JUXSRV \ ORV HVWXGLDQWHV GH FDGD JUXSR OR FRPSOHWDUiQ FRQMXQWDPHQWHFRQODLQIRUPDFLyQTXHVHSURSRUFLRQD 1DFLRQDOLGDGHV $UJHQWLQRD FKLOHQRD FRORPELDQRD GRPLQLFDQRD HVSDxROD PHMLFDQRD PH[LFDQRD QLFDUDJHQVH SHUXDQRD SXHUWRUULTXHxRD SRUWRUULTXHxRD JXDWHPDOWHFRDYHQH]RODQRDIUDQFpVD 3URIHVLRQHV IXWEROLVWD FDQWDQWH R P~VLFR HVFULWRUD DFWRUDFWUL] FLQHDVWD SRHWDSRHWLVDFLHQWtILFRDSLQWRUDGHOPXQGRGHODSROtWLFD 3XHGHVYLVLWDUODVVLJXLHQWHVSiJLQDVZHEVREUHKLVSDQRVIDPRVRV KWWSFRORTXLRFRPIDPRVRVDOSKDKWP KWWSZZZJHRFLWLHVFRP$WKHQV)RUXPKLVSDQRVKWPO KWWSZZZVSDHGXSVWDUNH\VLWLRVGHLQWHUHVKWP 120%5( 1$&,21$/,'$' 352)(6,Ï1 5D~O
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
3HQpORSH&UX]
*DEULHO *DUFtD0iUTXH]
5LJREHUWD0HQFK~ &KH*XHYDUD 6KDNLUD
5LFN\0DUWLQ 0DULR 9DUJDV/ORVD
/XLV%XxXHO
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
6DOPD+D\HN )HGHULFR*DUFtD/RUFD )ULGD.DKOR 3DEOR1HUXGD (YLWD3HUyQ 6LPyQ%ROtYDU 6RU-XDQD,QpVGHOD &UX] &DUORV*DUGHO
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
5XEpQ'DUtR 3HGUR$OPRGyYDU ,VDEHO$OOHQGH -RVp0DUWt
6HYHUR2FKRD &DUORV6DQWDQD 'LHJR$UPDQGR 0DUDGRQD
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
-XDQ/XLV*XHUUD $QWRQLR%DQGHUDV
$FWLYLGDG DGLFLRQDO Î 3UHVHQWDFLRQHV VREUH +LVSDQRV IDPRVRV &DGD HVWXGLDQWH HVFRJHUi XQD SHUVRQD IDPRVD GHO PXQGR KLVSDQR \ KDUi XQD SUHVHQWDFLyQ HQ 3RZHUSRLQW VREUH HVH SHUVRQDMH TXH FRQVWDUi GH FLQFR GLDSRVLWLYDVFRPRPtQLPR ),&+$
8QSRFRGHJHRJUDItD3$Ë6(6'21'(6(+$%/$(63$f2/ (Q JUXSRV YDLV D HVFULELU WRGRV ORV SDtVHV TXH FRQRFpLV TXH WHQJDQ HO HVSDxRO FRPRLGLRPDRILFLDO(OJUXSRTXHPiVSDtVHVHVFULEDJDQD 3RVWHULRUPHQWH WUDWDUpLV GH VLWXDU ORV SDtVHV HQ ORV PDSDV PXGRV TXH VH SURSRUFLRQDQ D FRQWLQXDFLyQ /RV SDtVHV GH KDEOD KLVSDQD SHUWHQHFLHQWHV DO FRQWLQHQWHDPHULFDQRVHVLWXDUiQHQHOPDSDFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH\HOUHVWRGHSDtVHV VHVLWXDUiQHQHOPDSDGHOPXQGR ¢&RQRFpLV ODV FDSLWDOHV \ RWUDV FLXGDGHV GH WRGRV HVWRV SDtVHV" ¢&RQRFpLV RWURVSDtVHVGRQGHVHKDEOHHVSDxRODXQTXHQRVHDLGLRPDRILFLDO"
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
),&+$
78120%5((1(63$f2/ (QORVSDtVHVGHKDEODKLVSDQDORVQRPEUHVGHODVSHUVRQDVVXHOHQVHUFRPSXHVWRV(V GHFLUHOQRPEUHGHODSHUVRQDVHIRUPDFRQGRVQRPEUHVRPiV$GHPiVFDGDSHUVRQD WLHQHGRVDSHOOLGRVXQRTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDODSHOOLGRGHOSDGUH\RWURTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDO DSHOOLGRGHODPDGUH3RUHMHPSOR$QWRQLR-RVp*DUFtD)HUQiQGH] (OLJHWXQRPEUHHQHVSDxRO 7LHQHVYDULDVRSFLRQHV 3XHGHVWUDGXFLUWXQRPEUHRQRPEUHVDOHVSDxRO\PDQWHQHUWXSULPHUDSHOOLGR DxDGLpQGROHHODSHOOLGRGHVROWHUDGHWXPDGUH 3XHGHV LQYHQWDUWH XQ QXHYR QRPEUH R QRPEUHV HVSDxROHV \ SDUD ORV DSHOOLGRV KDFHUORTXHHQODRSFLyQXQR 3XHGHVWUDGXFLUWXQRPEUHDOHVSDxROHLQYHQWDUWHXQRVDSHOOLGRVQXHYRV 3XHGHVLQYHQWDUWHXQQXHYRQRPEUH\DSHOOLGRVHQHVSDxRO 5HFXHUGD TXH SXHGHV WHQHU XQ QRPEUH VLPSOH )HUQDQGR R FRPSXHVWR )HUQDQGR -XOLiQ SHURVLHPSUHKDVGHWHQHUGRVDSHOOLGRV 5HOOHQD OD VLJXLHQWH WDUMHWD GH LGHQWLGDG FRQ WX QRPEUH HVSDxRO \ QR SHJXHV WX IRWR WDPDxRSDVDSRUWHWRGDYtD 120%5(6
HU$3(//,'2 $3(//,'2 (O SURIHVRU UHFRJHUi WRGDV ODV WDUMHWDV GH LGHQWLGDG \ ODV FRORFDUi HQ HO WDEOyQ GH OD FODVH $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ FDGD HVWXGLDQWH LUi HOLJLHQGR SRU WXUQRV XQD WDUMHWD \ GLUi OD SHUVRQDDTXLHQFUHHTXHSHUWHQHFH6LHVWiHQORFLHUWRHOGXHxRGHODWDUMHWDVDOGUiD UHFRJHUOD 6L VH KD HTXLYRFDGR HO HVWXGLDQWH VLJXLHQWH WUDWDUi GH DGLYLQDU GH QXHYR D TXLpQSHUWHQHFHODWDUMHWD\DVtVXFHVLYDPHQWH 8QDYH]DFDEDGRHOMXHJRORVHVWXGLDQWHVSRQGUiQVXIRWRDODWDUMHWD\ODJXDUGDUiQHQ VXFXDGHUQRGHHVSDxRO
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
),&+$ (/(63$f2/(1&,)5$6 ¢6$%Ë$648("(QJUXSRVGHWUHVHVWXGLDQWHVUHODFLRQDGFDGDXQDGH ODVIUDVHVPHQFLRQDGDVDEDMRFRQXQRGHORVGDWRVQXPpULFRVTXHDSDUHFHQD FRQWLQXDFLyQ • BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB (O Q~PHUR GH SHUVRQDV FX\D OHQJXD PDWHUQDHVHOHVSDxRO • BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB(OQ~PHURGHSDtVHVGRQGHHOHVSDxROHVHO LGLRPDRILFLDO • BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB (O Q~PHUR GH KLVSDQRV HQ ORV (VWDGRV 8QLGRV • BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB(OQ~PHURGHHVWXGLDQWHVGHHVSDxROFRPR OHQJXDH[WUDQMHUDHQHOPXQGR • BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB/DSURSRUFLyQGHHVWXGLDQWHVGHLGLRPDVTXH HOLJHHOHVSDxROHQ(VWDGRV8QLGRV • BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB (O SRUFHQWDMH HVWLPDGR TXH DOFDQ]DUiQ ORV KDEODQWHVGHHVSDxROFRPROHQJXDPDWHUQDHQORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVGHQWURGH FLQFXHQWDDxRV • BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB (O Q~PHUR GH WXULVWDV EULWiQLFRV TXH YLVLWD (VSDxDFDGDDxR • BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB (O Q~PHUR GH SXEOLFDFLRQHV GH PHGLRV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQHQHVSDxROHQORV(VWDGRV8QLGRV • BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB(OQ~PHURGHHVWXGLDQWHVGHHVSDxROFRPR OHQJXDH[WUDQMHUDHQOD8QLyQ(XURSHD • BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB (O SRUFHQWDMH GH FHQWURV GH VHFXQGDULD HQ ORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVTXHRIUHFHHOHVSDxROFRPRDVLJQDWXUD • BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB (O SRUFHQWDMH GH HVWXGLDQWHV GH HVSDxRO FRPROHQJXDH[WUDQMHUDHQ)UDQFLD • BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB (O SRUFHQWDMH GH KLVSDQRV HQ ORV (VWDGRV 8QLGRV
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
),&+$ ¢32548e(678',2(63$f2/" 5HVSRQGH DO FXHVWLRQDULR TXH WH SURSRQHPRV D FRQWLQXDFLyQ VREUH ODV UD]RQHVSRUODVTXHKDVGHFLGLGRHVWXGLDUHVSDxRO6LVRQPiVGHXQDSRQODV HQ RUGHQ GH SUHIHUHQFLD 2 3 (Q JUXSRV GH FXDWUR FRPSDUDG YXHVWURV UHVXOWDGRV\HQXQDSXHVWDHQFRP~QFRPHQWDGORVFRQHOUHVWRGHODFODVH 5$=21(6325/$648((678',2(63$f2/ 3RUTXHPHJXVWDODOHQJXD6t 1R 23 3RUTXHFUHRTXHPHVHUtDRVHUi~WLOHQPLWUDEDMR6t 1R 23 3RUTXHPHDWUDHVXFXOWXUD6t 1R 23 3RUTXHYLDMRRYR\DYLDMDUDXQSDtVGHKDEODHVSDxROD 6t 1R 23 3RUTXHPHSDUHFHPiVIiFLOTXHRWUDVOHQJXDV6t 1R 23 3RUTXHWHQJRDVFHQGHQFLDHVSDxRODRKLVSDQD6t 1R 23 3RUTXHPLVDPLJRVKDQHOHJLGRVXHVWXGLR6t 1R 23 3RUTXHPLIDPLOLDPHORKDUHFRPHQGDGR6t 1R 23 2WUDV3RUIDYRUHVSHFLILFDU 23 1RORVp6t 1R 23
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
7DUHD)LQDO
/DUHYLVWDGHHVSDxRO
1LYHO (VWD WDUHD HVWi SHQVDGD SDUD HVWXGLDQWHV FRQ XQ QLYHO LQWHUPHGLRDYDQ]DGR R VXSHULRUGHHVSDxRO 7UDEDMRHQJUXSRVLGHDOPHQWHGHFXDWURDFLQFRHVWXGLDQWHVSRUJUXSR 9DLVDSXEOLFDUXQDUHYLVWDHQHVSDxROVREUHODOHQJXD\FXOWXUDVHQHVSDxRO 3DUD HOOR GLYLGLUHPRV OD FODVH HQ JUXSRV \ UHSDUWLUHPRV ODV GLIHUHQWHV WDUHDV 1R REVWDQWHODSULPHUDEXVFDUXQWtWXOR\XQtQGLFHGHFRQWHQLGRVODOOHYDUiQDFDERWRGRV ORVJUXSRV 2WUDVWDUHDVIDFLOLWDGRUDVVRQ 'HVDUUROODU ODV GLYHUVDV VHFFLRQHV HVFULELU HO WH[WR \ ODV LOXVWUDFLRQHV TXH VH TXLHUDQLQFOXLU +DFHUODSRUWDGD (GLWDUODUHYLVWD (QHVWDWDUHDVHSURSRQHXQDFHUFDPLHQWRDODOHQJXD\FXOWXUDVKLVSDQDVGHVDUUROODQGR \SRWHQFLDQGRHOXVRGHODV GHVWUH]DVIRPHQWDQGRODFRODERUDFLyQ\HOLQWHUFDPELRGH SXQWRVGHYLVWD\WUDWDQGRGHUHIRU]DUODFUHDWLYLGDG\DXWRQRPtDGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV %XVFDUXQWtWXOR\XQtQGLFHGHFRQWHQLGRV /DSULPHUDWDUHDIDFLOLWDGRUDODOOHYDUiQDFDERWRGRVORVJUXSRV 2EMHWLYRV&RPXQLFDWLYRV+DFHUSURSXHVWDV\DUJXPHQWDURSLQLRQHV ([SUHVDUSUHIHUHQFLDV,GHQWLILFDU\RUGHQDUODVSURSXHVWDV 6H KDUiQ SURSXHVWDV SRU SDUWH GH ORV HVWXGLDQWHV GLYLGLGRV HQ JUXSRV VREUH HO WtWXOR TXH VH KD HOHJLGR \ VH GLUi SRU TXp 3RVWHULRUPHQWH VH HODERUDUi XQ tQGLFH GH FRQWHQLGRV 3DUD OOHYDU D FDER OD HODERUDFLyQ GHO tQGLFH GH FRQWHQLGRV VH SXHGH UHFRPHQGDU D ORV HVWXGLDQWHV TXH HFKHQ XQ YLVWD]R D UHYLVWDV VLPLODUHV D OD TXH WLHQHQ SUR\HFWDGR HODERUDU(QLQWHUQHWSXHGHQHQFRQWUDULQIRUPDFLyQVREUHUHYLVWDVFRPR
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
$XWKHQWLN&RPHWD&ODUR KWWSZZZDXWKHQWLNFRPVSDQLVKKWP (O6RO$KRUD4XpWDO KWWSZZZPDU\JODVJRZPDJD]LQHVFRPVSDQLVKBPDJVKWPO 3XHUWDGHO6RO KWWSZZZFKDPSVHO\VHHVFRPSURGXFWVVSDQLVKGHIDXOWDVS[
$TXtWLHQHVXQDSURSXHVWDGHDVSHFWRVTXHVHSXHGHQLQFOXLUHQYXHVWURtQGLFH 1RWLFLDVGHOPXQGRKLVSDQR &HOHEULGDGHVGHOPXQGRKLVSDQR &DUWDVGHOHFWRUHV &XOWXUD GHO PXQGR KLVSDQR SXHGH LQFOXLU DOJR VREUH WHPDV WDQ YDULDGRV FRPR ILHVWDV GHSRUWHV JDVWURQRPtD JHRJUDItD DUWH OLWHUDWXUD FLQH FRVWXPEUHV IDXQD 8QHVSHFLDOVREUHDOJXQDFLXGDGRSDtVKLVSDQR 1RWLFLDV\FXULRVLGDGHVGHODOHQJXDHVSDxROD -XHJRV\SDVDWLHPSRVHQHVSDxRO /RVMyYHQHVKLVSDQRVVXVJXVWRVPRGDVHLQWHUHVHV ,QYHQWDUXQFyPLF 6HSUHVHQWDUiQODVGLIHUHQWHVSURSXHVWDV\VHHOHJLUiODTXHPiVYRWRVWHQJD 8QD YH] HOHJLGR HO tQGLFH GH FRQWHQLGRV VH QHJRFLDUi OD DGMXGLFDFLyQ GH FRQWHQLGRV D FDGD JUXSR SRU VRUWHR SRU RUGHQ GH HOHFFLyQ HWF 2WUR JUXSR VH HQFDUJDUi GH OD UHDOL]DFLyQGHODSRUWDGD\RWURGHODHGLFLyQGHODUHYLVWD 2WUDV WDUHDV IDFLOLWDGRUDV GHVDUUROOR GH ODV VHFFLRQHV UHDOL]DFLyQGHODSRUWDGD\HGLFLyQGHODUHYLVWD 3DUDOOHYDUDFDERODVHFFLyQDGMXGLFDGDHQSULPHUOXJDUFDGDJUXSRQHJRFLDUi\GHFLGLUi TXp YD D WUDWDU HQ GLFKD VHFFLyQ (O VLJXLHQWH SDVR VHUi GHFLGLU FyPR YD D WUDWDU HVH DVSHFWR $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ KDEUi TXH GRFXPHQWDUVH VREUH HO WHPD \ ILQDOPHQWH SRQHUVH PDQRVDODREUD 'RFXPHQWDUVHELHQHVPX\LPSRUWDQWH\VHXWLOL]DUiQWRGRVORVPHGLRVGLVSRQLEOHVSDUD HOOROLEURVLQWHUQHWHQFLFORSHGLDVUHYLVWDV (O JUXSR TXH VH HQFDUJXH GH OD UHDOL]DFLyQ GH OD SRUWDGD \ OD FRQWUDSRUWDGD KD GH FRQVXOWDUSUHYLDPHQWHDOUHVWRGHJUXSRVDFHUFDGHTXpYDQDWUDWDUHQVXVVHFFLRQHV (O JUXSR TXH VH GHGLTXH GH OD HGLFLyQ GH OD UHYLVWD UHFRJHUi WRGDV ODV VHFFLRQHV \D GHVDUUROODGDV\WUDWDUiGHGDUXQLGDGDOIRUPDWRFXLGDQGRDVSHFWRVWDOHVFRPRODIRUPD \WDPDxRGHODVOHWUDVORVPiUJHQHVUHYLVLyQGHODVIDOWDVWLSRJUiILFDV\GHRUWRJUDItD LOXVWUDFLRQHVGLVHxRJUiILFRHWF8QDYH]ILQDOL]DGDODHGLFLyQVyORTXHGDVXLPSUHVLyQ\ GLVWULEXFLyQ¢$TXLpQSHQViLVGLVWULEXLUOD"
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
0LV DPLJRV ORV DQLPDOHV
),&+$
7UDEDMRHQJUXSRV¢4XpDQLPDOHVUHFRQRFHV"
D
E
F
G H I
J K L M N O P Q x
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
D BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBE BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBF BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB G BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBI BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB J BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBK BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBL BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB M BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBN BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBO BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB P BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBQ BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBx BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB $FWLYLGDGHVGHSURIXQGL]DFLyQ (OSURIHVRUKDUiSUHJXQWDVGHOWLSR ¢4XpDQLPDOHPSLH]DFRQODOHWUD³²´" ¢4XpDQLPDOHVWLHQHQFXDWURSDWDV" ¢4XpDQLPDOHVSXHGHQYRODUQDGDUHWF" ¢+D\DOJ~QDQLPDOHQSHOLJURGHH[WLQFLyQ" ¢+D\DOJ~QDQLPDOEODQFR\QHJUR" -XHJR(ODUFDGH1Rp 2UJDQL]DFLyQ HQ SDUHMDV (Q HVWH MXHJR ORV HVWXGLDQWHV LQWHQWDUiQ DGLYLQDU TXp DQLPDOUHSUHVHQWDPHGLDQWHPtPLFDXQRGHORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHODSDUHMD 3URFHGLPLHQWR 6HOHFFLRQDUDGRVMXJDGRUHV8QRGHHOORVVHUiHOVHxRU1Rp\HORWURODVHxRUD 1Rp6HGLFHDDPERVTXHYD\DQDODSXHUWDGHODUFD 'LYLGLUODFODVHHQGRVHTXLSRV8QRGHHOORVYDDVHUXQDQLPDO 'DUOHV D FDGD PLHPEUR GH HVWH HTXLSR XQD ³HVSRVD´ GHO RWUR HTXLSR 1R LPSRUWDTXHVHDQQLxRVRQLxDV 8QD D XQD FDGD SDUHMD YD DO DUFD $OOt HO 6U \ OD 6UD 1Rp OH SUHJXQWDQ D OD ³HVSRVD´¢4XLpQHUHV" $O ³HVSRVR´ VH OH GD HQ HVH PRPHQWR XQD IRWR GH XQ DQLPDO ± VLQ TXH QDGLH YHD OD IRWR H[FHSWR pO TXH KD GH UHSUHVHQWDU PtPLFDPHQWH 6L OD HVSRVD OR DGLYLQD DPERV HQWUDQ GHQWUR GHO DUFD 6L QR GHVJUDFLDGDPHQWH VHUiQ LQXQGDGRVSRUHOGLOXYLRXQLYHUVDO
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
),&+$
2UJDQL]DFLyQHQJUXSRV&DGDJUXSRGHEHUiUHOOHQDUXQDILFKDSDUDFDGDDQLPDOTXH DSDUHFtD HQ OD ILFKD 3DUD HOOR HVFULELUi HO QRPEUH GHO DQLPDO HQ OD FDVLOOD FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH\DFRQWLQXDFLyQGHEDMRGHFDGDFDVLOODVHSRQGUi6ËR12VHJ~QVHDR QRDSOLFDEOHDODQLPDOHQFXHVWLyQODSDODEUDTXHDSDUHFHHQODFDVLOOD6HSXHGHQDxDGLU PiVFDVLOODV 3DUDUHDOL]DUHVWDDFWLYLGDGVHEXVFDUiLQIRUPDFLyQDFHUFDGH ¢'yQGHYLYHHODQLPDO" ¢4XpFRPH" ¢&yPRVHPXHYH" ¢$TXpIDPLOLDGHDQLPDOHVSHUWHQHFH" 3RUJUXSRVORVHVWXGLDQWHVYDQOH\HQGRODVILFKDVHQDOWR
120%5('(/$1,0$/
(6*5$1'(
(63(48(f2
(6'(7$0$f2 0(',2
7,(1(3(/$-( 7,(1( 3/80$6
7,(1( (6&$0$6
9,9((1 (8523$
9,9((1 È)5,&$
9,9((1 $8675$/$6,$
9,9((1 $0e5,&$
9,9((1(/ $*8$
9,9((1(/ $,5(
9,9((1 7,(55$
9,9((1/$ 6(/9$
&20( $1,0$/(6
&20( 3/$17$6
&20( ,16(&726
&20( 3/$&721
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
(681$1,0$/ (681 '20e67,&2 $1,0$/'( *5$1-$
(681$1,0$/ 6$/9$-(
(681$1,0$/ (13(/,*52 '( (;7,1&,Ï1
7,(1( 3,&2
7,(1( $/$6
7,(1( $/(7$6
7,(1( &8(5126
7,(1( *$55$6
7,(1( 75203$
(681$9(
(681 0$0Ë)(52
(6815(37,/
(6813(=
98(/$
&255(
1$'$
6$/7$
7,(1( 3$7$6
7,(1( &2/$
-XHJR$QLPDODGDV 2UJDQL]DFLyQHQSDUHMDV&RQVLVWHHQDGLYLQDUGHTXpDQLPDOVHWUDWDDWUDYpVGHOD GHVFULSFLyQ 3URFHGLPLHQWR 6HHQWUHJDDFDGDHVWXGLDQWHXQDILFKDFRQRFKRFDVLOODVQXPHUDGDVGHODO6H SLGHDFDGDXQRGHORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHODVSDUHMDVTXHGLEXMHQGLIHUHQWHVDQLPDOHV XQR OR KDUi HQ ODV FDVLOODV SDUHV \ HO RWUR HQ ODV FDVLOODV LPSDUHV &XDQGR KD\DQ WHUPLQDGRFDGDXQRGHORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHODSDUHMDGHVFULELUiDORWURHODQLPDOTXH KDGLEXMDGRHQFDGDXQRGHORVUHFXDGURV (M (O Q~PHUR HV XQ DQLPDO SHTXHxR (V PDUUyQ R JULV 7LHQH XQD FROD ODUJD /H JXVWDHOTXHVR(OJDWRHVVXHQHPLJR ¢(VXQUDWyQ" 6t'LEXMDXQUDWyQHQODFDVLOODQ~PHUR 0LDQLPDOIDYRULWR &DGD HVWXGLDQWH UHOOHQDUi LQGLYLGXDOPHQWH XQD ILFKD VREUH VX DQLPDO IDYRULWR HQ OD TXH FRQVWH OR VLJXLHQWH QRPEUH IDPLOLD KiELWDW DOLPHQWDFLyQ FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV \ XQ GLEXMRRIRWRGHODQLPDO
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
),&+$ $1,0$/(6'(/081'2+,63$12 Î(OSHUH]RVR
Î/DOODPD
Î(OORER
Î(ODUPDGLOOR
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
Î(OSDSDJD\R
Î(OOLQFH
6H GLYLGH OD FODVH HQ JUXSRV \ FDGD JUXSR HOHJLUi XQR GH HVWRV DQLPDOHV $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ UHOOHQDUi LQGLYLGXDOPHQWH XQD ILFKD VREUH HO DQLPDO HOHJLGR HQ OD TXH FRQVWHORVLJXLHQWHQRPEUHIDPLOLDKiELWDWDOLPHQWDFLyQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV\XQGLEXMR R IRWR GHO DQLPDO 8QD YH] FRPSOHWDGDV ODV ILFKDV VH FRORFDUiQ HQ HO WDEOyQ GH OD FODVH 6H SUHSDUDUi WDPELpQ XQD SUHVHQWDFLyQ VREUH HO DQLPDO HQ 3RZHUSRLQW TXH FRQVWDUiGHXQPtQLPRGHFXDWURGLDSRVLWLYDV 3RVWHULRUPHQWH FDGD JUXSR PRVWUDUi DO UHVWR GH OD FODVH VX SUHVHQWDFLyQ HQ 3RZHUSRLQW -XHJR'HIUHQWH 3URFHGLPLHQWR 6H WUDEDMD HQ JUXSRV GH y SHUVRQDV &DGD JUXSR GH HVWXGLDQWHV VH VLHQWD IRUPDQGR XQ FtUFXOR HQ HO VXHOR &DGD XQR GH HOORV UHFLEH XQ SDSHO ³3RVWLW´ HQ HO TXHHVFULELUiVLQTXHQDGLHOHYHDHOQRPEUHGHXQDQLPDO\ORGHMDUiHQHOVXHOR ERFDDEDMRGHIRUPDTXHQRVHSXHGDOHHUORHVFULWR8QDYH]TXHWRGRVORVSDSHOHV HVWiQ ERFD DEDMR HQ HO VXHOR VH FXHQWD ³XQ GRV WUHV´ \ D OD GH WUHV FDGD HVWXGLDQWHYDDFRJHUHOSDSHOTXHKDHVFULWRHOFRPSDxHURTXHWLHQHDODL]TXLHUGD \VLQOHHUHOSDSHOVHORYDDSHJDUHQODIUHQWH 6H WUDWD GH DGLYLQDU HO DQLPDO TXH FDGD XQR OOHYD HVFULWR HQ HO SDSHO SHJDGR HQ OD IUHQWH KDFLHQGR SUHJXQWDV GH UHVSXHVWD VtQR 3DUD HOOR XQR GH ORV HVWXGLDQWHV
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
HPSLH]D D SUHJXQWDU DO HVWXGLDQWH TXH WLHQH D OD GHUHFKD XQD SUHJXQWD FX\D UHVSXHVWD VHD Vt R QR 6L OD UHVSXHVWD HV ³Vt´ SXHGH VHJXLU SUHJXQWDQGR DO FRPSDxHURVLWXDGRDODGHUHFKDGHOTXHDFDEDGHSUHJXQWDU6LODUHVSXHVWDHV³QR´ SDVD HO WXUQR GH SUHJXQWDV DO HVWXGLDQWH TXH WLHQH D OD GHUHFKD $Vt VH FRQWLQ~D VXFHVLYDPHQWHKDVWDTXHORVHVWXGLDQWHVYDQDGLYLQDQGRVXVGLIHUHQWHVDQLPDOHV
),&+$ '(&/$5$&,Ð1'(/26'(5(&+26'(/26$1,0$/(6 6H LQFOX\H DFRQWLQXDFLyQ OD 'HFODUDFLyQ GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH ORV DQLPDOHV DSUREDGDSRUOD81(6&2\OD218 $UW7RGRVORVDQLPDOHVQDFHQLJXDOHVDQWHODYLGD\WLHQHQORVPLVPRVGHUHFKRVDOD H[LVWHQFLD $UW7RGRDQLPDOWLHQHGHUHFKRDOUHVSHWR $UW1LQJ~QDQLPDOVHUiVRPHWLGRDPDORVWUDWRVQLDDFWRVGHFUXHOGDG $UW7RGRDQLPDOSHUWHQHFLHQWHDXQDHVSHFLHVDOYDMHWLHQHGHUHFKRDYLYLUOLEUHPHQWH HQVXSURSLRDPELHQWHQDWXUDOWHUUHVWUHDpUHRRDFXiWLFR\DUHSURGXFLUVH $UW 7RGR DQLPDO SHUWHQHFLHQWH D XQD HVSHFLH TXH YLYH WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH HQ HO DPELHQWH GHO KXPDQR WLHQH GHUHFKR D FUHFHU \ D YLYLU DO ULWPR \ HQ ODV FRQGLFLRQHV GH YLGD\OLEHUWDGTXHVHDQSURSLDVDVXHVSHFLH $UW7RGRDQLPDOTXHHOKRPEUHKD\DHOHJLGRFRPRFRPSDxHURWLHQHGHUHFKRDTXH ODGXUDFLyQGHVXYLGDVHDFRQIRUPHDVXORQJHYLGDGQDWXUDO $UW 7RGR DQLPDO GH WUDEDMR WLHQH GHUHFKR D XQD OLPLWDFLyQ UD]RQDEOH GH WLHPSR H LQWHQVLGDGGHOWUDEDMRDXQDDOLPHQWDFLyQUHSDUDGRUD\DOUHSRVR $UW /D H[SHULPHQWDFLyQ DQLPDO TXH LPSOLTXH XQ VXIULPLHQWR ItVLFR R SVLFROyJLFR HV LQFRPSDWLEOH FRQ ORV GHUHFKRV GHO DQLPDO WDQWR VL VH WUDWD GH H[SHULPHQWRV PpGLFRV FLHQWtILFRVFRPHUFLDOHVRGHFXDOTXLHURWUDIRUPDGHH[SHULPHQWDFLyQ $UW &XDQGR XQ DQLPDO HV FULDGR SDUD OD DOLPHQWDFLyQ GHEH VHU QXWULGR LQVWDODGR \ WUDQVSRUWDGR DVt FRPR VDFULILFDGR VLQ TXH HOOR UHVXOWH SDUD pO PRWLYR GH DQVLHGDG R GRORU $UW1LQJ~QDQLPDOGHEHVHUH[SORWDGRSDUDHVSDUFLPLHQWRGHOKXPDQR $UW7RGRDFWRTXHLPSOLTXHODPXHUWHGHXQDQLPDOVLQQHFHVLGDGHVXQELRFLGLRHV GHFLUXQFULPHQFRQWUDODYLGD $UW7RGRDFWRTXHLPSOLTXHODPXHUWHGHXQJUDQQ~PHURGHDQLPDOHVVDOYDMHVHV XQJHQRFLGLRHVGHFLUXQFULPHQFRQWUDODHVSHFLH
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
$UW8QDQLPDOPXHUWRGHEHVHUWUDWDGRFRQUHVSHWR $UW /RV RUJDQLVPRV GH SURWHFFLyQ \ VDOYDJXDUGD GH ORV DQLPDOHV GHEHQ HVWDU UHSUHVHQWDGRVDQLYHOJXEHUQDPHQWDO (QJUXSRVVHVXJLHUHHQQ~PHURGHWUHV VHGLVWULEXLUiODOHFWXUDGHORVDUWtFXORV&DGD JUXSROHHUiXQQ~PHURGHDUWtFXORVHQIXQFLyQGHOQ~PHURGHJUXSRVH[LVWHQWHV7UDVOD OHFWXUDGHORVDUWtFXORVDVLJQDGRVVHSHQVDUiHQSUiFWLFDVFRQFUHWDVTXHVHGHEHQRQR VHGHEHQKDFHUDORVDQLPDOHV
%XHQDVSUiFWLFDV
0DODVSUiFWLFDV
),&+$ $',9,1$$',9,1$1=$ 0LVSDWDVVRQODUJDV \PLSLFRODUJR \KDJRPLFDVD HQHOFDPSDQDULR
=XPED\UHYRORWHD
FXDQGRYDGHIORUHQIORU \FRQORTXHHOODIDEULFD DYHFHVPHULHQGR\R
(VOD
'XHUPRHQLQYLHUQR \PHGHVSLHUWRHQ SULPDYHUD
6R\HO
6R\OD
6R\SODWHDGD YLYRHQHOPDU FXDQGRPHSHVFDQ PHVXHOHQDVDU
6R\OD
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
%XVFDHQWUHHVWRVDQLPDOHVODVROXFLyQSDUDODVDGLYLQDQ]DV
),&+$ 0DULSRVDGHODLUH TXpKHUPRVDHUHV PDULSRVDGHODLUH GRUDGD\YHUGH /X]GHFDQGLO PDULSRVDGHODLUH £TXpGDWHDKtDKtDKt 1RWHTXLHUHVSDUDU SDUDUWHQRTXLHUHV 0DULSRVDGHODLUH GRUDGD\YHUGH /X]GHFDQGLO PDULSRVDGHODLUH £TXpGDWHDKtDKtDKt £4XpGDWHDKt 0DULSRVD¢HVWiVDKt" )HGHULFR*DUFtD/RUFD
(OLJHODUHVSXHVWDDGHFXDGDHQUHODFLyQFRQHOSRHPD $ /DPDULSRVDHVYHUGH\URMD % /DPDULSRVDHVDPDULOOD\YHUGH $ /DPDULSRVDHVEHOOD % /DPDULSRVDHVIHD
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
$ (OSRHWDOHSLGHDODPDULSRVDTXHVHSDUHHQXQVLWLR\QRVHPXHYD % (OSRHWDOHSLGHDODPDULSRVDTXHQRGHMHGHYRODU $ $ODPDULSRVDOHJXVWDHVWDUVHTXLHWD % $ODPDULSRVDOHJXVWDUHYRORWHDUFRQVWDQWHPHQWH 5HOOHQDORVKXHFRVGHOVLJXLHQWHSRHPDFRQHOQRPEUHGHODQLPDO DOTXHFUHDVTXHVHHVWiKDFLHQGRUHIHUHQFLD
0LVDPLJRVORVDQLPDOHV 0DUFRVHVXQBBBBBBBPX\VLPSiWLFR TXHHQWLHUUDORVKXHVRVHQHOMDUGtQGHDOODGR /DUDHVXQDBBBBBBBPX\JUDFLRVD TXHFURD\FURD\VDOWDORVFKDUFRVVLQERWDV $UPDQGRHVXQBBBBBBBPX\KXPLOGH TXHUHLQDHQODVHOYDVLQPLQLVWURVVHUYLOHV /RUHQ]RHVXQBBBBBBBPX\PRGHUQR 6XVSDWDVVHUiQMDPRQHVFRQHOSUHFLRHQHXURV )LItHVXQBBBBBBBPX\PLPRVR TXHURQURQHD\MXHJDWRGRHOGtDFRQODPDGHMD 6HUJLRHVXQBBBBBBBPX\VDELR 4XHUHSLWHORTXHGLJRFRQPXFKRGHVSDUSDMR $WRGRVORVTXLHURDWRGRVDGRUR $OBBBBBBBDODBBBBBBBDOBBBBBBB $OBBBBBBBDOBBBBBBB\DOBBBBBBB
$FDQWDU
/DFXFDUDFKD /D&XFDUDFKDOD&XFDUDFKD
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
),&+$ /$('$''(/26$1,0$/(6
•
$TXt WLHQHV ODV LPiJHQHV GH GLIHUHQWHV DQLPDOHV (VFULEH VX QRPEUH DO ODGR GHO Q~PHURFRQHOTXHVHFRUUHVSRQGHQ
•
¢6DEHVFXiOHVODPHGLDGHYLGDGHHVWRVDQLPDOHV"5HODFLRQDORVDQLPDOHV FRQVXPHGLDGHYLGD\FRQVWUX\HXQDIUDVHSDUDFDGDDQLPDOVLJXLHQGRHO PRGHORGHOHMHPSOR(M(OHVFDUDEDMRVXHOHYLYLUXQDxR
VHPDQDV DxRV DxRV DxR DxRV 8QPHV
VHPDQDV DxRV DxRV DxRV DxRV DxRV
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
7DUHD)LQDO
(OFDUQDYDOGHORVDQLPDOHV
1LYHO(VWDWDUHDHVWiSHQVDGDSDUDHVWXGLDQWHVFRQXQQLYHOLQLFLDOGHHVSDxRO 9DLV D RUJDQL]DU XQD ILHVWD GH GLVIUDFHV HQ OD TXH WRGR YD D JLUDU HQ WRUQR D ORV DQLPDOHV (O PRWLYR SRU HO TXH VH YD D FHOHEUDU OD ILHVWD HV TXH TXHUpLV UHFDXGDU IRQGRV SDUD PDQGDUORV D DOJXQD GH ODV RUJDQL]DFLRQHV GH SURWHFFLyQ GH DQLPDOHV DEDQGRQDGRV 3DUD DVLVWLU D OD ILHVWD KD\ TXH GLVIUD]DUVH GH XQ DQLPDO 6H VXJLHUH TXH HQ OD UHDOL]DFLyQ GH HVWD WDUHD VH EXVTXH OD FRODERUDFLyQ FRQ OD FODVH GH DUWH HVSHFLDOPHQWHHQUHODFLyQFRQHOGLVIUD]FUHDFLyQGHFDUHWDV \FRQODGHFRUDFLyQ 3DUDRUJDQL]DUODILHVWDVHYDQDOOHYDUDFDERODVVLJXLHQWHVWDUHDVIDFLOLWDGRUDV 3RQHUVHGHDFXHUGRVREUHDTXpRUJDQL]DFLyQVHYDQDPDQGDUORVIRQGRV UHFDXGDGRV 3RQHUVHGHDFXHUGRVREUHFXiQGR\GyQGHFHOHEUDUODILHVWD 3RQHUVHGHDFXHUGRVREUHHOSUHFLRGHODHQWUDGD 3RQHUVHGHDFXHUGRVREUHTXpFRPLGD\EHELGDSUHSDUDUSDUDUHFDXGDUPiV IRQGRV 6HSUHSDUDUiQLQYLWDFLRQHVSDUDPDQGDUODVDDPLJRV\FRQRFLGRVDVtFRPR FDUWHOHVDQXQFLDQGRODILHVWD 6HEXVFDUiQFDQFLRQHVTXHWUDWHQGHDQLPDOHV\VHLQYHQWDUiXQDSHTXHxD FRUHRJUDItDSDUDXQDGHODVFDQFLRQHV 6HEXVFDUi\FUHDUiGHFRUDFLyQSDUDHOOXJDUGLEXMRVLPiJHQHV\IRWRVGH DQLPDOHV\PHQVDMHVHQUHODFLyQFRQHOPXQGRDQLPDO 6yORTXHGDUiODFHOHEUDFLyQGHODILHVWD£$',6)587$5 Î7DUHDVIDFLOLWDGRUDV 3RQHUVH GH DFXHUGR VREUH D TXp RUJDQL]DFLyQ VH YDQ D PDQGDU ORV IRQGRVUHFDXGDGRV 2EMHWLYRV&RPXQLFDWLYRV3UHVHQWDULQIRUPDFLyQ\DUJXPHQWDURSLQLRQHV 6H UHDOL]DUi XQD E~VTXHGD HQ LQWHUQHW VREUH RUJDQL]DFLRQHV R DVRFLDFLRQHV SURWHFWRUDVGHDQLPDOHVGHOSDtVRFLXGDGGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV3RUHMHPSORVLVHHVWi HQ(VSDxDHQODVVLJXLHQWHVSiJLQDVZHEVHHQFXHQWUDXQEXVFDGRUGHVRFLHGDGHV SURWHFWRUDVHVSDxRODV\21*VUHODFLRQDGDVFRQORVDQLPDOHVGHFRPSDxtD
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
KWWSZZZSURWHFWRUDVRUJ KWWSZZZZHEPDVFRWDVFRPSURWHFWRKWP (QJUXSRVVHUHOOHQDUiODWDEODVLJXLHQWHVREUHODRUJDQL]DFLyQTXHFDGDJUXSRGHFLGD DSR\DU 3RVWHULRUPHQWH VH SRQHQ ODV ILFKDV HQ HO WDEOyQ GH OD FODVH \ VH YRWDUi OD RUJDQL]DFLyQTXHVHFRQVLGHUHPHMRU 120%5( '( /$ 25*$1,=$&,Ï1 &$86$48($32<$ 3RQHUVH GH DFXHUGR VREUH FXiQGR \ GyQGH FHOHEUDU OD ILHVWD 2EMHWLYRV &RPXQLFDWLYRV 3UHVHQWDU LQIRUPDFLyQ \ DUJXPHQWDU RSLQLRQHV 6H KDUiQ SURSXHVWDV SRU SDUWH GH ORV HVWXGLDQWHV GLYLGLGRV HQ JUXSRV VREUH OD PHMRUIHFKDSDUDUHDOL]DUODILHVWD\VHGLUiSRUTXp 3DUDHOORFDGDJUXSRUHOOHQDUiODWDEODVLJXLHQWH 'tD 0HV $xR 3RUTXp 6HSUHVHQWDUiQODVGLIHUHQWHVSURSXHVWDV\VHHOHJLUiODTXHPiVYRWRVWHQJD
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
3RQHUVH GH DFXHUGR VREUH HO SUHFLR GH OD HQWUDGD 2EMHWLYRV&RPXQLFDWLYRV3UHVHQWDULQIRUPDFLyQ\DUJXPHQWDURSLQLRQHV /RVHVWXGLDQWHVGLYLGLGRVHQJUXSRVKDUiQSURSXHVWDVVREUHHOSUHFLRGHODHQWUDGD 6HSUHVHQWDUiQODVGLIHUHQWHVSURSXHVWDV\VHHOHJLUiODTXHPiVYRWRVWHQJD 3RQHUVH GH DFXHUGR VREUH TXp FRPLGD \ EHELGD SUHSDUDU SDUD UHFDXGDUPiVIRQGRV 2EMHWLYRV &RPXQLFDWLYRV 3UHVHQWDU LQIRUPDFLyQ \ DUJXPHQWDURSLQLRQHV 6H SHQVDUi HQ RIUHFHU DO PHQRV XQD FRPLGD \ XQD EHELGD GH DOJ~Q SDtV KLVSDQRKDEODQWH /RVHVWXGLDQWHVGLYLGLGRVHQJUXSRVKDUiQSURSXHVWDVVREUHFXiOSXHGHVHUODPHMRU FRPLGD\EHELGDSDUDYHQGHUHQODILHVWD\GLUiQSRUTXp 3DUDHOORFDGDJUXSRUHOOHQDUiODWDEODVLJXLHQWH
&RPLGD
%HELGD
3RUTXp
6HSUHVHQWDUiQODVGLIHUHQWHVSURSXHVWDV\VHHOHJLUiODTXHPiVYRWRVWHQJD 3UHSDUDULQYLWDFLRQHV\FDUWHOHVDQXQFLDQGRODILHVWD 2EMHWLYRV &RPXQLFDWLYRV ,QIRUPDU VREUH XQ HYHQWR H[SUHVDQGR GyQGH\FXiQGRWHQGUiOXJDU+DFHUXQDLQYLWDFLyQ &DGDJUXSRSHQVDUiHQHOGLVHxRGHODLQYLWDFLyQ\GHOFDUWHO 6HVXJLHUHTXHHQODUHDOL]DFLyQGHHVWDWDUHDVHEXVTXHODFRODERUDFLyQFRQODFODVH GHDUWH 6HOHVGDUiQGLIHUHQWHVSRVLELOLGDGHVSDUDVXUHDOL]DFLyQSHURSXHGHQKDFHUODGHRWUR PRGR
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
(VTXHPDGHODLQYLWDFLyQ
3DUD >1RPEUH GHVWLQDWDULR@ >GLEXMRRIRWR@ >0HQVDMH@ >9XHVWURQRPEUH@
GHO
0HQVDMHVSRVLEOHVSDUDODVLQYLWDFLRQHV\ORVFDUWHOHV
6yORXQDQRWD SDUDGHFLUWHTXH HVWiVLQYLWDGR D £7HORSDVDUiV IHQRPHQDO
9HQDQXHVWUD ILHVWD£VHUi PX\GLYHUWLGD
£3UHSiUDWHSDUDXQD ILHVWD £1RIDOWHV
7HHVSHUDPRVHQ ´(OFDUQDYDOGHORV DQLPDOHVµ £1RSXHGHVIDOWDU
£*UDQ)LHVWDGH GLVIUDFHV£(O FDUQDYDOGHORV DQLPDOHV
2WUDVFRVDVTXHVHSXHGHQLQFOXLUVRQ 9HQGLVIUD]DGRDGH /DILHVWDWHQGUiOXJDUHOGtDGHDODVK 8QD YH] UHDOL]DGRV HO PRGHOR GH ODV LQYLWDFLRQHV \ ORV FDUWHOHV VH SUHVHQWDUiQ ODV GLIHUHQWHVSURSXHVWDV\VHHOHJLUiODTXHPiVYRWRVWHQJD
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
%XVFDU FDQFLRQHV TXH WUDWHQ GH DQLPDOHV H LQYHQWDU XQD SHTXHxDFRUHRJUDItDSDUDXQDGHODVFDQFLRQHV 2EMHWLYRV &RPXQLFDWLYRV 'DU LQVWUXFFLRQHV SDUD SURYRFDU PRYLPLHQWR PHGLDQWHHOWUDEDMRGHODFRPSUHQVLyQDXGLWLYD\ODH[SUHVLyQRUDO 6HUHFRUGDUiQFDQFLRQHVFRQFRUHRJUDItDFRPROD
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
3DUDWRGRV ORV*8672V
),&+$
&RPSOHWDODWDEODVREUHWXVSUHIHUHQFLDV
0LVIDYRULWRV
%HELGD
&RPLGD
&RFKH
'HSRUWH
3DtV
&RORU
3HOtFXOD
)ORU
&DQFLyQ
/LEUR
),&+$
¢$TXLpQJXVWD"
&RPSOHWDHOVLJXLHQWHGLiORJR $ Pt BBBBBBBBBBB JXVWD HO DUWH PRGHUQR $ PL DPLJD 3DORPD WDPELpQ BBBBBBBBBBB JXVWD 6LHPSUH YDPRV MXQWDV D YHU H[SRVLFLRQHV SRUTXH BBBBBBBBBBB JXVWD FRQWHPSODU ODV REUDV GH ORV DUWLVWDV PRGHUQRV ¢< D WL BBBBBBBBBBBJXVWDHODUWHPRGHUQR" $BBBBBBBBBBBQRBBBBBBBBBBBJXVWDQDGD$BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB JXVWDHODUWHPHGLHYDO <HOMD]]¢BBBBBBBBBBBJXVWD" )UDQFDPHQWHQR0LP~VLFDIDYRULWDVRQORVFRQFLHUWRVGHP~VLFDFOiVLFD3RU FLHUWR WHQJR WUHV ELOOHWHV SDUD XQ FRQFLHUWR HVWD QRFKH ¢ BBBBBBBBBBB JXVWDUtDYHQLUD3DORPD\DWL" *UDFLDV SHUR QR SRGHPRV 7HQHPRV HQWUDGDV SDUD XQD DFWXDFLyQ GH MD]] 3HUR D PLV KHUPDQDV -XOLD \ &ULVWLQD BBBBBBBBBBB JXVWD PXFKtVLPR OD P~VLFDFOiVLFD
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
),&+$
3DUDJXVWRVFRORUHV
(OLJHODRSFLyQTXHSUHILHUDV\MXVWLItFDOD • 0HJXVWDYLYLUHQ HOFDPSR ODFLXGDG SRUTXH • 3UHILHURYLYLUHQ XQSLVR XQDFDVD SRUTXH • 0HJXVWD YHUODWHOHYLVLyQ QDYHJDUSRULQWHUQHW MXJDUFRQODYLGHRFRQVROD OHHUXQOLEUR SRUTXH • 3UHILHUR EDxDUPH GXFKDUPH SRUTXH • 0HJXVWDUtDVHU PpGLFR SHULRGLVWD DVLVWHQWHDVRFLDO WpFQLFRDHQLQIRUPiWLFD DERJDGRD SLORWR H[SHUWRDHQGLHWpWLFD LQJHQLHURDGHFDPLQRV DUTXLWHFWRD PRQLWRUDGHGHSRUWHVGHDYHQWXUD RWUDV SRUTXH ΢<HQODFODVHGHHVSDxRO"(OLJHWUHVGHHVWDVRSFLRQHV\H[SOLFDSRUTXpODV KDVHVFRJLGR3RVWHULRUPHQWHVHGHEDWLUiHQFODVHFXiOHVKDQVLGRODVRSFLRQHV TXHVHKDQHOHJLGRPD\RULWDULDPHQWH
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
•
(QODFODVHGHHVSDxROPHJXVWD YHUYtGHRV DSUHQGHUFDQFLRQHV KDFHUHMHUFLFLRVGHKXHFRV KDFHUHMHUFLFLRVGHSURQXQFLDFLyQ KDFHUHMHUFLFLRVGHYRFDEXODULR KDFHUMXHJRVGHURO KDFHUWDUHDVFRQHMHUFLFLRVGHWRGRWLSR SUDFWLFDUODJUDPiWLFD KDFHUGHEDWHV KDFHUMXHJRV SUDFWLFDUODOHFWXUD SUDFWLFDUODHVFULWXUD RWUDVHVSHFLILFDU
),&+$
/DFDPSDxDHOHFWRUDO
,PDJLQDTXHWHYDVDSUHVHQWDUDODVSUy[LPDVHOHFFLRQHVDSUHVLGHQWH7XV YRWDQWHVVRQPX\GLIHUHQWHV$FDGDXQRGHHOORVOHYDVDLQIRUPDUGHXQRGH WXVSUR\HFWRVDFRPRGiQGRORDVXSHUVRQDOLGDG\WUDWDQGRGHFDSWDUVXYRWR (MHPSOR$OHFRORJLVWD 3UR\HFWR9R\DSURWHJHUHOPHGLRDPELHQWH
$OSDFLILVWD 3UR\HFWR $OLQWROHUDQWH 3UR\HFWR $OVROLGDULR 3UR\HFWR $OLGHDOLVWD 3UR\HFWR $OFRQVHUYDGRU 3UR\HFWR $OQDFLRQDOLVWD 3UR\HFWR
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
$OREVHVLRQDGRSRUODVHJXULGDG 3UR\HFWR $OHVFpSWLFR 3UR\HFWR $OUHYROXFLRQDULR 3UR\HFWR $OREVHVLRQDGRSRUHOI~WERO 3UR\HFWR
),&+$ 62%5(*86726
¢&RPRVHUtD"(OLJHWUHVRSFLRQHV 7XSDUHMDLGHDO ,QWHOLJHQWH *HQHURVD (GXFDGD /LPSLD 7UDEDMDGRUD 'LYHUWLGD *XDSD /DFLXGDGGHWXVVXHxRV 6HJXUD &RQPXFKRVSDUTXHV 0XOWLFXOWXUDO &RQUDVFDFLHORV &RQPDU 6LQFRQWDPLQDFLyQ &RQPXFKDVDFWLYLGDGHVFXOWXUDOHV 7XYLYLHQGDSHUIHFWD *UDQGH &RQERQLWDVYLVWDV &RQMDUGtQ &pQWULFD $QWLJXD 0RGHUQD 6LQUXLGRV
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
),&+$
([SUHVLRQHVSDUDWRGRVORVJXVWRV 0H JXVWD
1RPH JXVWD GHPDVLDGR
(V JXDLV~SHU
1RHVWiPDO
'HWHVWR
0HDSDVLRQD 0H UHVXOWDSDUHFH LQWHUHVDQWH
1RPH JXVWDQDGD
2GLR
1LIXQLID
£4XpKRUURU
0HJXVWDPXFKtVLPR XQPRQWyQXQD EDUEDULGDG
0H HQFDQWD
0HPROD PRJROOyQ
$WRSH
&RPHQWDUHQFODVHHVWDVH[SUHVLRQHV (VFRJHDOJXQDGHHOODVSDUDH[SUHVDUORTXHWHLQVSLUDQODVVLJXLHQWHVLPiJHQHV
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
),&+$
¢7HLPDJLQDVXQPXQGRGHOUHYpV" •
(/081'2'(/5(9e6
•
(QXQPXQGRGHOUHYpVORVFRORUHVGHODVFRVDVVRQGLIHUHQWHV(OLJHVXFRORU (OFLHOR (OPDU /DQLHYH /RVHVFDUDEDMRV HV /DVOHFKXJDV /RVHOHIDQWHV VRQ (OFpVSHG (OVRO /RVOLPRQHV /RVWRPDWHV (Q XQ PXQGR GHO UHYpV WRGR HVWi FDPELDGR QDGLH KDFH OR TXH WLHQH TXH KDFHU
/HHODVRUDFLRQHVVLJXLHQWHV\RUJDQt]DODVHQSDUHV (MHPSOR/DVSLQWRUDVHVFULEHQOLEURV /DVHVFULWRUDVSLQWDQFXDGURV /DVSLQWRUDVHVFULEHQOLEURV /RVJDWRVHVFDSDQGHORVUDWRQHV /RVMXHFHVVHVLHQWDQHQHOEDQTXLOOR /DVPDHVWUDVHVWXGLDQODOHFFLyQ /RVDUTXLWHFWRVSRQHQODGULOORV /RVGHOLQFXHQWHVGHWLHQHQDORVDJHQWHVGHSROLFtD /RVSLORWRVFRQGXFHQFDPLRQHV /RVHVWXGLDQWHVHQVHxDQODOHFFLyQ /DVHVFULWRUDVSLQWDQFXDGURV /RVDOEDxLOHVGLVHxDQFDVDV /RVDJHQWHVGHSROLFtDFRPHWHQGHOLWRV /RVDFXVDGRVSUHVLGHQORVMXLFLRV /RVFDPLRQHURVSLORWDQDYLRQHV /RVUDWRQHVFD]DQDORVJDWRV
•
&DPELD ODV RUDFLRQHV SDUD TXH UHIOHMHQ OR TXH RFXUUH QRUPDOPHQWH HQ HO PXQGRHQTXHYLYLPRV ¢&RQRFHV HO SRHPD GH OD DXWRUD DUJHQWLQD 0DUtD (OHQD :DOVK ³(O 5HLQR GHO 5HYpV´"
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
(/5(,12'(/5(9e6
0HGLMHURQTXHHQHOUHLQRGHOUHYpVQDGDHOSiMDUR\YXHODHOSH] 4XHORVJDWRVQRKDFHQPLDX\GLFHQ\HVSRUTXHHVWXGLDQPXFKRLQJOpV 9DPRVDYHUFyPRHVHOUHLQRGHOUHYpV%,6 0HGLMHURQTXHHQHOUHLQRGHOUHYpVQDGLHEDLODFRQORVSLHV 4XHXQODGUyQHVYLJLODQWH\RWURHVMXH]\TXHGRV\GRVVRQWUHV 9DPRVDYHUFyPRHVHOUHLQRGHOUHYpV%,6 0HGLMHURQTXHHQHOUHLQRGHOUHYpVFDEHXQRVRHQXQDQXH] 4XHXVDQEDUEDV\ELJRWHVORVEHEpV\TXHXQDxRGXUDXQPHV 9DPRVDYHUFyPRHVHOUHLQRGHOUHYpV%,6 0HGLMHURQTXHHQHOUHLQRGHOUHYpVKD\XQSHUURSHTXLQpV TXHVHFDHSDUDDUULED\XQDYH]QRSXGREDMDUGHVSXpV 9DPRVDYHUFyPRHVHOUHLQRGHOUHYpV%,6 0HGLMHURQTXHHQHOUHLQRGHOUHYpVXQVHxRUOODPDGR$QGUpV WLHQHFKLPSDQFpVTXHVLPLUDVQRORVYHV 9DPRVDYHUFyPRHVHOUHLQRGHOUHYpV%,6 0HGLMHURQTXHHQHOUHLQRGHOUHYpVXQDDUDxD\XQFLHPSLpV YDQPRQWDGRVDOSDODFLRGHOPDUTXpVHQFDEDOORVGHDMHGUH] 9DPRVDYHUFyPRHVHOUHLQRGHOUHYpV%,6
$ HVWH SRHPD VH OH KD SXHVWR P~VLFD 3XHGHV HQFRQWUDU OD P~VLFD HQ KWWSXVXDULRVO\FRVHVPLUWDOXLVHOUHLQRKWP • (QJUXSRVYDLVDFUHDUYXHVWURSDUWLFXODUUHLQRGHOUHYpV(VFULELGXQDOLVWDGH DOPHQRVFLQFRFRVDVTXHSDVDQHQpO • )RUPD WDQWDV IUDVHV FRPR VH WH RFXUUDQ XQLHQGR SDODEUDV GH ODV WUHV FROXPQDV VLJXLHQWHV VREUH FRVDV TXHSRGUtDQ RFXUULUHQ XQ PXQGR DO UHYpV 'HVSXpV FDPELD ODV RUDFLRQHV SDUD TXH UHIOHMHQ OR TXH RFXUUH QRUPDOPHQWH HQHOPXQGRHQTXHYLYLPRV /RVOLEURV KXHOHQ HQODPHVD /RVSHUURV KDFHQ ORVGHEHUHV /RVPDHVWURV GDQ ySHUD /DVUDQDV QDGDQ HQODVFiUFHOHV /RVSROLFtDV FDQWDQ DYLQDJUH /DVURVDV VRQ D]XOHV /DVQDUDQMDV HVWiQ OLPRQDGD /DVYDFDV EULOODQ HQHOPDU /RVSiMDURV WLHQHQ SRUHOGtD /DVHVWUHOODV VHVLHQWDQ YR] &RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
),&+$
'HVHRV
•
•
¢4XpFDPELDUtDHQWXYLGDVL" 6DFDUDVXQDVQRWDVEXHQtVLPDV 6XIULHUDVXQDFFLGHQWHTXHWHGHMDUDLQYLGHQWH +HUHGDUDVXQDIRUWXQDFRQVLGHUDEOH 8QWHUUHPRWRGHYDVWDUDWXFLXGDG 7XYLHUDVHOFXHUSRGHXQDPRGHOR 6HGHFODUDUDODJXHUUDHQWXSDtV 3XGLHUDVDGLYLQDUHOIXWXUR +XELHUDVQDFLGRHQ%DQJODGHVK )XHUDVIDPRVRD 7H GLDJQRVWLFDUDQ XQD HQIHUPHGDG PRUWDO \ WH TXHGDUDQ WUHV PHVHV GHYLGD
¢&RQRFHVHOFXHQWRGH$ODGLQR"
,PDJLQDG TXH RV HQFRQWUiLV FRQ OD OiPSDUD PiJLFD \ DO IURWDUOD VH RV DSDUHFH HO JHQLR5HFRUGDGTXHVyOROHSRGpLVSHGLUWUHVGHVHRV¢&XiOHVVHUtDQ" (Q JUXSRV GH WUHV RV SRQGUpLV GH DFXHUGR HQ ORV GHVHRV TXH YDLV D SHGLU /RV HVFULELUpLV\FROJDUpLVYXHVWURVGHVHRVHQHOWDEOyQGHODFODVH'HVSXpVVHYRWDUiOD OLVWDGHGHVHRVSUHIHULGDSRUODFODVHVLQTXHVHSXHGDYRWDUDODSURSLDOLVWDTXHVH KD\DKHFKR
•
3URSyVLWRVSDUDHODxRQXHYR
$QWHV GHHPSH]DU XQ QXHYR DxR VROHPRV SHQVDU TXHHVXQEXHQPRPHQWRSDUDWUDWDUGHFDPELDU DOJRHQQXHVWUDVYLGDV6RQORVEXHQRVSURSyVLWRV SDUD HO DxR QXHYR ¢&XiO YD VHU HO WX\R SDUD HO DxRTXHYLHQH" &RPSiUWHORFRQHOUHVWRGHODFODVH
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
7DUHD)LQDO
/RVJXVWRVVRQPtRV
1LYHO(VWDWDUHDHVWiSHQVDGDSDUDHVWXGLDQWHVFRQXQQLYHOLQLFLDORLQWHUPHGLRGH HVSDxRO 9DVDSUHSDUDUXQDSUHVHQWDFLyQHQ3RZHUSRLQWVREUHWXVJXVWRV\GHVHRV /DSUHVHQWDFLyQFRQVWDUiGHXQPtQLPRGHVLHWHGLDSRVLWLYDVHOPi[LPRORSRQHVW~ PLVPR &RQVLGpUDODFRPRWXWDUMHWDGHSUHVHQWDFLyQDVtTXHLQWHQWDGDUWRGDODLQIRUPDFLyQ SRVLEOH1RVyORTXpWHJXVWDVLQRWDPELpQHOSRUTXp,QFOX\HWDPELpQTXpGHWHVWDV \FXiOHVVRQWXVGHVHRVIXWXURV $WUDYpVGHODVILFKDVDQWHULRUHVKDEUiVHQFRQWUDGRLQVSLUDFLyQSDUDUHDOL]DUODWDUHD $TXtWLHQHVXQDOLVWDGHFRVDVTXHSXHGHVWUDWDU •
4XpWHJXVWDKDFHUHQWXWLHPSROLEUH
•
7XVJXVWRVJDVWURQyPLFRV
•
7XVJXVWRVDUWtVWLFRV
•
7XVSHUVRQDMHVIDYRULWRVKLVWyULFRVDFWXDOHVFDQWDQWHVGHSRUWLVWDVDFWRUHV SROtWLFRVLQWHOHFWXDOHVDUWLVWDV
•
7XVJXVWRVHQFXDQWRDODPRGD
•
$FWLWXGHVGHYLGDTXHWHDWUDHQ
•
'yQGHWHJXVWDUtDYLDMDUYLYLU
•
3UHIHUHQFLDVSROtWLFDV
•
7XV GHVHRV HO PXQGR HQ HO TXH WH JXVWDUtD YLYLU TXp FDPELDUtDV GH WX SHUVRQDOLGDGTXHWHJXVWDUtDFRQVHJXLUHQHOIXWXUR
£7XLPDJLQDFLyQHVHOOtPLWH
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
¢&Ð0262026"
),&+$ 'HVFULSFLyQItVLFD (OSHOR
/RQJLWXG
&RORU(V
UXELRD
FDVWDxRD
PRUHQRD
SHOLUURMRD
SHTXHxRV
*UDQGHV &RORU
7LSR 7LHQHOOHYD
HOSHORODUJR
HOSHORFRUWR
HOSHOROLVR
HOSHORUL]DGR
3DUWLFXODULGDGHV
/RVRMRV 7DPDxR 7LHQHORVRMRV
7LHQHOOHYD
7LHQH/OHYD
ELJRWH
EDUED
JDIDV
7LHQHORVRMRVD]XOHV YHUGHVPDUURQHVQHJURV
-XHJR (QJUXSRV/RVHVWXGLDQWHVWLHQHQVREUHODPHVDXQJUXSRGHIRWRJUDItDV GHGLYHUVDVSHUVRQDV\FDGDXQRGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVSRUWXUQRHOLJHPHQWDOPHQWH DXQDGHODVSHUVRQDVGHODVIRWRV\GDXQDGHVFULSFLyQItVLFDGHpVWD(OUHVWRGHO JUXSRWUDWDUiGHDGLYLQDUGHTXLpQVHWUDWD\HQFXDQWRXQRFUHDVDEHUORDJDUUDUi VXIRWR6LKDDFHUWDGRVHODTXHGD\VLQRQRSRGUiYROYHUDWUDWDUGHDGLYLQDUHQ HVHWXUQR*DQDUiHOHVWXGLDQWHTXHPiVIRWRVDWUDSH
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
),&+$ 'HVFULSFLyQGHODSHUVRQDOLGDG
3RQ HQ XQ FtUFXOR XQR GH ORV WpUPLQRV GH ORV TXH DSDUHFHQ HQ FDGD SDU VHJ~Q HO UDVJR GH SHUVRQDOLGDGTXHVHH[SUHVDHQFDGDIUDVH 2OJDJXDUGDVLHPSUHODFDOPD 1HUYLRVD±7UDQTXLOD )HUQDQGRQRFRPSUHQGHODVFRVDVFRQIDFLOLGDG ,QWHOLJHQWH±7RQWR 0DUWDQRFDOODQXQFD +DEODGRUD±&DOODGD 0DUFRVVRQUtHFRQVWDQWHPHQWH 6HULR±5LVXHxR &HOLDQRWLHQHVHQWLGRGHOKXPRU 6HULD±%URPLVWD 3DEORHVPX\UHVSHWXRVR (GXFDGR±0DOHGXFDGR $-DLPHOHJXVWDHOVLOHQFLR +DEODGRU±&DOODGR 6RQLDDSUHQGHWRGRHQVHJXLGD ,QWHOLJHQWH±7RQWD &RQ/XLVVLHPSUHPHORSDVRPX\ELHQ 'LYHUWLGR±$EXUULGR -XDQHVLQFDSD]GHHVWDUVHTXLHWR 1HUYLRVR±7UDQTXLOR %HOpQQXQFDKDFHQLFXHQWDQDGDLQWHUHVDQWH 'LYHUWLGD±$EXUULGD $/RODQROHJXVWDWUDEDMDU 7UDEDMDGRUD±9DJD 6LOYLDFRPHFRQODERFDDELHUWD\VHPHWHORVGHGRVHQODERFD (GXFDGD±0DOHGXFDGD 0LJXHOVLHPSUHSDUHFHHQIDGDGR 6LPSiWLFR±$QWLSiWLFR
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
7HUHVDHVXQDSHUVRQDGHWUDWRDJUDGDEOH 6LPSiWLFD±$QWLSiWLFD 1XULDORH[SUHVDWRGRDELHUWDPHQWH ([WURYHUWLGD$ELHUWD±,QWURYHUWLGD5HVHUYDGD (VWHEDQWUDEDMDGXUDQWHORVILQHVGHVHPDQD 7UDEDMDGRU±9DJR 9LFHQWHQRGLFHQXQFDORTXHSLHQVD ([WURYHUWLGR$ELHUWR±,QWURYHUWLGR5HVHUYDGR
-XHJR 6H PHWHQ HQ XQD EROVD SDSHOHV GREODGRV FRQ FDGD XQD GH HVWDV FXDOLGDGHV HVFULWDV HQ HOORV 3RU WXUQRV ORV HVWXGLDQWHV LUiQ FRJLHQGR FDGD XQR XQ SDSHO \ WHQGUiQTXHGHFLUVLQPHQFLRQDUODFXDOLGDGDOJXQDFRVDTXHQRVHVXHOHKDFHUVLVH SRVHHHVDFXDOLGDG(OUHVWRGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVWUDWDUiGHDGLYLQDUOD (M(QHOSDSHOVHOHHODSDODEUD³PDOHGXFDGRD´(OHVWXGLDQWHSXHGHGHFLU ³(VWDSHUVRQDQXQFDGLFHQLSRUIDYRUQLJUDFLDVDOSHGLUDOJR´ 8Q SRFR GH LPDJLQDFLyQ (Q SDUHMDV ORV HVWXGLDQWHV HOHJLUiQ VLHWH GH HVWDV FXDOLGDGHV SDUD FDGD XQR GH ORV VLJXLHQWHV SHUVRQDMHV &ULVWyEDO &ROyQ 0DWD +DUL \ (LQVWHLQ6HKDUiXQDSXHVWDHQFRP~QVREUHODVFXDOLGDGHVDWULEXLGDVSRUFDGDJUXSR
),&+$ &DUDFWHUtVWLFDVODERUDOHV
&RQGXFWDSURIHVLRQDOHMHPSODU %XHQDIRUPDFLyQ 3UHFLVLyQ 3XQWXDOLGDG 9LVLyQGHIXWXUR %XHQDGLVWULEXFLyQGHOWLHPSR\GHOWUDEDMR 6DEHUGHOHJDU 7UDEDMDUELHQHQHTXLSR *UDQFDSDFLGDGGHWUDEDMR ,QVWLQWR 6DEHUHVFXFKDU %XHQDVFDSDFLGDGHVFRPXQLFDWLYDV /LGHUDUELHQORVHTXLSRV &UHDWLYLGDG $FDWDUELHQODVGLUHFWULFHV
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
/RVHVWXGLDQWHVVHOHFFLRQDUiQGHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVH[SXHVWDVODVTXHFRQVLGHUHQTXH FRQYLHQHQHQFDGDXQDGHODVFDVLOODVGHOVLJXLHQWHFXDGURUHIHULGRDGLIHUHQWHVWUDEDMRV (QODVFDVLOODVGH³RWUDVFXDOLGDGHVDFRQVHMDEOHV´SRGUiQLQFOXLUFXDOLGDGHVGLIHUHQWHVDODV TXHDSDUHFHQHQHOOLVWDGRDQWHULRU
%LEOLRWHFDULRD (QIHUPHURD $UTXLWHFWRD -HIHDGHYHQWDV $ERJDGRD
&XDOLGDGHV ,PSUHVFLQGLEOHV
&XDOLGDGHV ,QQHFHVDULDV
2WUDVFXDOLGDGHV DFRQVHMDEOHV
(O/DMHIHDLGHDO(QJUXSRVORVHVWXGLDQWHVKDUiQXQDOLVWDGH ODV GLH] FXDOLGDGHV TXH FRQVLGHUDQ TXH KD GH WHQHU HOOD MHIHD LGHDO 6H H[SRQGUiQ ODV OLVWDV GH ORV GLIHUHQWHV JUXSRV \ VH SUHVWDUi DWHQFLyQ D DTXHOODV FXDOLGDGHV HQ ODV TXH WRGRV KD\DQ FRLQFLGLGR
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
7DUHD)LQDO
/DEROVDGHWUDEDMR
7UDEDMRHQJUXSRVLGHDOPHQWHGHFXDWURDFLQFRHVWXGLDQWHVSRUJUXSR 1LYHO/DWDUHDTXHSUHVHQWDPRVDFRQWLQXDFLyQFRQVWDGHYDULDVWDUHDVDVXYH] WDUHDV IDFLOLWDGRUDV TXH FRPR VH LQGLFDUi LPSOLFDQ QLYHOHV IXQFLRQHV FRPXQLFDWLYDV FRQWHQLGRVJUDPDWLFDOHV\Op[LFRVGLIHUHQWHV(OGRFHQWHDFRPRGDUiODWDUHDDODVQHFHVLGDGHV \FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOJUXSRDOTXHYD\DGLULJLGD 6RLVXQDHPSUHVDGHFRQWUDWDFLyQ\UHFXUVRVKXPDQRV\WHQpLVYDULDVVROLFLWXGHVFRQGLYHUVDV YDFDQWHVTXHFXEULU 8QDHPSUHVDGHDOLPHQWDFLyQQHFHVLWDXQDGLUHFWRUDGHSHUVRQDO 8QDHPSUHVDDpUHDQHFHVLWDXQDDX[LOLDUGHYXHOR 8QFROHJLRSULYDGRGHVHFXQGDULDQHFHVLWDXQDSURIHVRUDGHPDWHPiWLFDV 8QDHPSUHVDGLVFRJUiILFDQHFHVLWDXQDUHODFLRQHVS~EOLFDV /RVPLHPEURVGHOJUXSRVHGLYLGHQHQGRVWLSRVFRQGRVIXQFLRQHVGLIHUHQWHV$\% $ ,GHDOPHQWHVHUiQGRVRPi[LPRWUHVSHUVRQDV\SUHVHQWDUiQDORVFDQGLGDWRVDVSLUDQWHVD ORVSXHVWRV % ,GHDOPHQWHVHUiQGRVSHUVRQDV\HOHJLUiQODPHMRUFDQGLGDWXUD /RVGHODIXQFLyQ$KDEUiQGHHOHJLUFDGDXQRGHHOORVDXQDSHUVRQDGHODVTXHDSDUHFHQHQ ODVIRWRV\OHLQYHQWDUiQXQFXUUtFXOXPYLWDHTXHOHFRQYHUWLUiHQXQDFDQGLGDWRDLGyQHRD SDUD XQR GH ORV SXHVWRV D FXEULU GH IRUPD TXH WRGDV ODV YDFDQWHV WHQJDQ DO PHQRV GRV FDQGLGDWRVLGHDOHV/RVGHODIXQFLyQ%KDEUiQGHSRQHUVHGHDFXHUGRRWRUJDUORVSXHVWRV\ UD]RQDUVXDGMXGLFDFLyQ 3DUD HOOR SULPHUR OHHUiQ ORV FXUUtFXOD GH ORV FDQGLGDWRV 3RVWHULRUPHQWH HODERUDUiQ XQ FXHVWLRQDULR SDUD IRUPXOiUVHOR D ORV SRVLEOHV FDQGLGDWRV SDUD FDGD SXHVWR D ORV TXH OHV UHDOL]DUiQ XQD HQWUHYLVWD (Q OD HQWUHYLVWD ORV GH OD IXQFLyQ $ DGRSWDUiQ ORV UROHV GH ORV FDQGLGDWRVDORVTXHOHVKDQLQYHQWDGRHOFXUUtFXOXP /RVGHODIXQFLyQ%OOHYDUiQDFDERODHQWUHYLVWDQHJRFLDUiQDTXLpQHVVHOHFFLRQDQSDUDFDGD SXHVWRGHWUDEDMR\ILQDOPHQWHORFRPXQLFDUiQSRUHVFULWR Î7DUHDVIDFLOLWDGRUDV • (VFRJHUORVFDQGLGDWRV 2EMHWLYRV&RPXQLFDWLYRV,QWHUFDPELDULQIRUPDFLyQVREUHODLGHQWLGDG\ODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV ItVLFDV\GHFDUiFWHU 1LYHO(OHPHQWDO /RV TXH UHDOL]DQ OD IXQFLyQ $ VH UHXQLUiQ \ FRQ OD WDEOD GH ODV IRWRV LQFOXLGD PiV DEDMR GHODQWH LQGLFDUiQ PHGLDQWH XQD GHVFULSFLyQ ItVLFD TXp SHUVRQD GH ODV TXH DSDUHFHQ HQ ODV IRWRVHOLJHQSDUDFDGDXQDGHODVYDFDQWHVDFXEULU (MHPSOR 9DFDQWH Q~PHUR XQR 0DUtD GLFH ³(OLMR D OD PXMHU GH SHOR PRUHQR ODUJR \ OLVR 7LHQHORVRMRVSHTXHxRV´ $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ ORV GHPiV PLHPEURV GHO JUXSR VHxDODQ D OD SHUVRQD D OD TXH FUHHQ TXH VH UHILHUH'LUiQ³¢(VpVWD"´6LQRHVpVWDODSHUVRQDGHVFULWD0DUtDWHQGUiTXHGDUPiVGHWDOOHV
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
KDVWD TXH HO UHVWR DGLYLQH GH TXLpQ VH WUDWD 8QD YH] LGHQWLILFDGD OD SHUVRQD GHVFULWD FRQWLQXDUiRWUDSHUVRQDHOLJLHQGRDVXFDQGLGDWRSHUR\DQRSRGUiHOHJLUDODSHUVRQDHOHJLGD SRU0DUtD6HFRQWLQXDUiDVtVXFHVLYDPHQWHKDVWDTXHFDGDXQRKD\DHOHJLGRDVXFDQGLGDWRD LGyQHRDSDUDHOSXHVWR )2726'(/26&$1','$726
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
•
(ODERUDUXQ&XUUtFXOXPYLWDH
2EMHWLYRV&RPXQLFDWLYRV(ODERUDUXQFXUUtFXOXPYLWDH 1LYHO(OHPHQWDOHLQWHUPHGLR 8QD YH] WLHQHQ D VXV FDQGLGDWRV HOHJLGRV OHV LQYHQWDUiQ XQ FXUUtFXOXP YLWDH LGyQHR SDUD HO SXHVWR3DUDHOORVHJXLUiQHOPRGHORGHFXUUtFXOXPTXHVHSURSRUFLRQDDFRQWLQXDFLyQ
02'(/2'(&855Ë&8/809,7$( 35,0(5$3(//,'2 6(*81'2$3(//,'2 120%5( )(&+$</8*$5'(1$&,0,(172 ',5(&&,Ï1 7(/e)2126 (0$,/ &$51(7'(&21'8&,5
)250$&,Ï1$&$'e0,&$ (QVHxDQ]DVUHFLELGDVXQLYHUVLWDULDRGHRWURWLSR 7Ë78/26$&$'e0,&26FHQWUR\IHFKDGHH[SHGLFLyQ
2WURV(VWXGLRV
7Ë78/2',3/20$&8562FHQWURGXUDFLyQ\IHFKDGHH[SHGLFLyQ
,GLRPDV
,',20$QLYHOGHFRQRFLPLHQWRWtWXORFHQWUR\IHFKDGHH[SHGLFLyQ 7UDEDMRVGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQSXEOLFDFLRQHVEHFDV\RWUDVDFWLYLGDGHVUHODWLYDVDOD
IRUPDFLyQ
(;3(5,(1&,$/$%25$/
(035(6$$&7,9,'$'38(6722&83$'23(5,2'2'(7,(032
27526'$726'(,17(5e6 DGHGH« ILUPD
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
•
&XHVWLRQDULRSDUDODHQWUHYLVWDGHWUDEDMR
2EMHWLYRV&RPXQLFDWLYRV(OHJLUHQWUHXQDVHULHGHSUHJXQWDVWtSLFDVGHXQDHQWUHYLVWDGH WUDEDMRODVTXHSUHILHUDQ 1LYHO,QWHUPHGLR $FRQWLQXDFLyQVHVXJLHUHQXQDVHULHGHSUHJXQWDVSDUDTXHVHHOLMDQGHHOODVSDUDHODERUDU HO FXHVWLRQDULR $GHPiV GH ODV SUHJXQWDV VXJHULGDV ORV HVWXGLDQWHV LQFOXLUiQ SUHJXQWDV PiV
35(*817$63$5$/$(175(9,67$'(75$%$-2
3UHJXQWDVGHIRUPDFLyQDFDGpPLFD •
¢&XiOHV KDQ VLGR ODV DVLJQDWXUDV HQ ODV TXH KDV REWHQLGR PHMRUHV UHVXOWDGRV" ¢)XHURQODVTXHPiVWHJXVWDURQ" ¢4XpWHPRWLYyDHOHJLUORVHVWXGLRVTXHKDVUHDOL]DGR" ¢&XiOHVKDQVLGRORVSULQFLSDOHVORJURV\GLILFXOWDGHVGHWXIRUPDFLyQ" ¢3LHQVDVVHJXLUHVWXGLDQGR"¢(QTXHiUHDV"
• • •
([SHULHQFLDSURIHVLRQDO • • • •
¢&yPRFRQVHJXLVWHWXVWUDEDMRVDQWHULRUHV" ¢3RUTXpORVGHMDVWH" ¢4XpUHFXHUGDVGHWXSULPHUSXHVWRGHWUDEDMR" &XpQWDQRV DOJ~Q SUREOHPD TXH WXYLHUDV HQ DOJXQR GH WXV DQWHULRUHV HPSOHRV \ FyPRORVROXFLRQDVWH 'HVFULEHDWXMHIHFRPSDxHURVXERUGLQDGRLGHDO
•
0RWLYDFLyQ • • •
¢4XpWHDSRUWDHVWHHPSOHRTXHQRWHDSRUWHHODQWHULRUDFWXDO" ¢4XpPHWDVLQPHGLDWDV\DODUJRSOD]RWHKDVILMDGR" ¢&XiOHVVRQWXVSUHWHQVLRQHVHFRQyPLFDV" $FWLYLGDGHVHLQWHUHVHVSHUVRQDOHV
• • •
• • • •
¢4XpOHHVGHORVSHULyGLFRV" ¢4XpGHVHDVTXHQRKD\DVORJUDGRWRGDYtD" ¢4XpWHJXVWDKDFHUHQWXWLHPSROLEUH"
3HUVRQDOLGDG ¢3RUTXpWHLQWHUHVDHVWHWUDEDMR" 'HVFULEHORVSXQWRVIXHUWHV\ORVGpELOHVGHWXSHUVRQDOLGDG ¢4XpDSRUWDUtDVDODHPSUHVDVLWHFRQWUDWiUDPRV" ¢&yPRUHDFFLRQDUtDVDQWHXQDVLWXDFLyQGHSUHVLyQ"
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
•
/DHQWUHYLVWDGHWUDEDMR 2EMHWLYRV&RPXQLFDWLYRV3UHJXQWDU\UHVSRQGHUDFHUFDGHXQDFRQWHFLPLHQWRGHOSDVDGR ([SUHVDURSLQLRQHV\JXVWRV+DEODUVREUHXQRPLVPRGHVFULELHQGRVXSHUVRQDOLGDG 1LYHO,QWHUPHGLRDYDQ]DGR\VXSHULRU /RV GH OD IXQFLyQ $ DGRSWDUiQ ORV UROHV GH ORV FDQGLGDWRV D ORV TXH OHV KDQ LQYHQWDGR ORV FXUUtFXOD /RV GH OD IXQFLyQ % OOHYDUiQ D FDER OD HQWUHYLVWD GH ORV FDQGLGDWRV SDUD FDGD SXHVWR GH WUDEDMR\WRPDUiQQRWDGHORVDVSHFWRVUHOHYDQWHVGHFDGDFDQGLGDWR 6H VXJLHUH TXH VH JUDEHQ HQ YtGHR ODV HQWUHYLVWDV SDUD TXH ORV HVWXGLDQWHV SXHGDQ OOHYDU D FDERXQDHYDOXDFLyQGHODDFWLYLGDG $GMXGLFDFLyQGHORVSXHVWRVGHWUDEDMR 2EMHWLYRV &RPXQLFDWLYRV ([SUHVDU FRQFOXVLRQHV \ UHGDFWDU PHQVDMHV IRUPDOHV GH HQKRUDEXHQD SRU HO DQXQFLR GH XQD QRWLFLD \ PHQVDMHV IRUPDOHV HQ ORV TXH VH UHFKD]D XQD FDQGLGDWXUD 1LYHO,QWHUPHGLRDYDQ]DGR\VXSHULRU /RVGHODIXQFLyQ%QHJRFLDUiQDTXLpQHVVHOHFFLRQDQSDUDFDGDSXHVWRGHWUDEDMR\GHFRP~Q DFXHUGROHVDGMXGLFDUiQORVSXHVWRV $FRQWLQXDFLyQHVFULELUiQXQFRUUHRHOHFWUyQLFRDWRGRVORVFDQGLGDWRV $ ORV FDQGLGDWRV VHOHFFLRQDGRV FRPXQLFiQGROHV OD DGMXGLFDFLyQ GHO SXHVWR \ GiQGROHV OD HQKRUDEXHQD $ORVFDQGLGDWRVQRVHOHFFLRQDGRVGiQGROHVODQRWLFLDGHTXHQRKDQVLGRDFHSWDGRV
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
$872(9$/8$&,Ï1 0DUFD HQ ODV FDVLOODV OR TXH SXHGHV KDFHU HQ HVSDxRO WUDV OD UHDOL]DFLyQ GH ODV DFWLYLGDGHV SURSXHVWDV 5HIOH[LRQDUVREUHODVSDODEUDVHVSDxRODVTXHH[LVWHQHQPLOHQJXD 5HIOH[LRQDUVREUHDVSHFWRVFXOWXUDOHVGHORVSDtVHVGHKDEODKLVSDQD 5HIOH[LRQDUVREUHKLVSDQRVIDPRVRV 5HIOH[LRQDUVREUHHQTXpSDtVHVVHKDEODHVSDxROFRPROHQJXDRILFLDO 5HIOH[LRQDUVREUHORVQRPEUHVSURSLRVGHSHUVRQDVHQORVSDtVHVGHKDEODKLVSDQD 5HIOH[LRQDUVREUHODLPSRUWDQFLDGHODOHQJXD\ODFXOWXUDKLVSDQD 5HIOH[LRQDUVREUHODVUD]RQHVSRUODVTXHTXLHURDSUHQGHUHVSDxRO $SUHQGHUQRPEUHVGHDQLPDOHV 'HVFULELUDQLPDOHV\DSRUWDULQIRUPDFLyQVREUHHOORV $SUHQGHUDFHUFDGHDQLPDOHVGHOPXQGRKLVSDQR 3UHVHQWDULQIRUPDFLyQ\DUJXPHQWDURSLQLRQHV ,QIRUPDUVREUHXQHYHQWRVLWXDFLyQHVSDFLDO\WHPSRUDO +DFHUXQDLQYLWDFLyQ 'DULQVWUXFFLRQHVGHPRYLPLHQWR 3UHJXQWDU\H[SUHVDUJXVWRV\SUHIHUHQFLDVFRQYDULHGDGGHH[SUHVLRQHV\UHJLVWURV -XVWLILFDU\DUJXPHQWDUORVJXVWRVSURSLRV ,QIRUPDU\KDEODUGHDFFLRQHVIXWXUDV ([SUHVDUGHVHRV 'HVFULELUSHUVRQDVItVLFDPHQWH 'HVFULELUHOFDUiFWHUGHODVSHUVRQDV 'HVFULELUFXDOLGDGHVODERUDOHV (ODERUDUXQFXUUtFXOXPYLWDH (ODERUDUSUHJXQWDVSDUDXQDHQWUHYLVWDGHWUDEDMR 3UHJXQWDU\UHVSRQGHUHQXQDHQWUHYLVWDGHWUDEDMR ([SUHVDUFRQFOXVLRQHV 5HGDFWDUPHQVDMHVIRUPDOHVGHHQKRUDEXHQDSRUHODQXQFLRGHXQDQRWLFLD 5HGDFWDUPHQVDMHVIRUPDOHVHQORVTXHVHUHFKD]DXQDVROLFLWXGSDUDXQSXHVWRGHWUDEDMR
(VFULEHWRGDVODVSDODEUDVTXHKD\DVDSUHQGLGRHQFDGDXQDGHODVFXDWURVHFFLRQHVGHDFWLYLGDGHV D (OHVSDxROHQHOPXQGR F 3DUDWRGRVORV JXVWRV E 0LVDPLJRVORVDQLPDOHV G ¢&yPRVRPRV" ¢6HUtDV FDSD] GH UHODFLRQDUODV \ DVRFLDUODV GH PDQHUD HIHFWLYD DJUXSDU EXVFDU DVRFLDFLRQHV FRQWH[WXDOL]DUXWLOL]DULPiJHQHVUHSDVDUHWF " (VFULEHSDODEUDVTXHKD\DVDSUHQGLGR\TXHVHDQVLPLODUHVHQWXOHQJXD ,QGLFDODVFLQFRILFKDV\ODWDUHDTXHWHKD\DQJXVWDGRPiV¢3RUTXp" ,QGLFDODVFLQFRILFKDV\ODWDUHDTXHWHKD\DQJXVWDGRPHQRV¢3RUTXp" +D] XQD OLVWD FRQ ORV HUURUHV FRPHWLGRV HQ ODV ILFKDV \ WDUHDV ¢5HSLWHV HO PLVPR HUURU FRQ IUHFXHQFLD"¢4XpKDFHVRYDVDKDFHUSDUDVXSHUDUWXVHUURUHV" &RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
0DWHULDOHVSDUDHODXODGHHVSDxRO
62/8&,21(6
(/(63$f2/(1(/081'2 Î)LFKD(OHVSDxROTXHQRVDEHVTXH\DVDEHV *HRJUDItD)ORULGD/RVÈQJHOHV6DQ)UDQFLVFR9DOHQFLD &RPLGDWDSDVSDHOODJD]SDFKRHQFKLODGD 1RPEUHV(QULTXH$QWRQLR&DUPHQ-XDQ&DUORV 0~VLFD\EDLOHWDQJRIODPHQFRVDOVDPHUHQJXH Î)LFKD&XHVWLRQDULRFXOWXUDO¢&XiQWRVDEHVGHORVSDtVHV\FXOWXUDGHKDEODHVSDxROD" )DOVR )DOVR )DOVR )DOVR 9HUGDGHUR )DOVR )DOVR 9HUGDGHUR )DOVR )DOVR )DOVR )DOVR 9HUGDGHUR )DOVR 9HUGDGHUR +D KDELGR 3UHPLRV 1REHO GH ODV /HWUDV FRQ VX REUD HVFULWD HQ HVSDxRO -RVp (FKHJDUD\ -DFLQWR %HQDYHQWH 0LJXHO ÈQJHO $VWXULDV -XDQ 5DPyQ -LPpQH] 9LFHQWH $OHL[DQGUH *DEULHOD 0LVWUDO 3DEOR 1HUXGD *DEULHO *DUFtD 0iUTXH]&DPLOR-RVp&HOD2FWDYLR3D] Î)LFKD+LVSDQRVIDPRVRV (YLWD3HUyQDUJHQWLQDSROtWLFD 5D~OHVSDxROIXWEROLVWD 6LPyQ%ROtYDUYHQH]RODQRSROtWLFR 5LFN\0DUWLQSXHUWRUULTXHxRFDQWDQWH 6RU-XDQD,QpVGHOD&UX]PHMLFDQDHVFULWRUD 0DULR9DUJDV/ORVDSHUXDQRHVFULWRU &DUORV*DUGHOIUDQFpVFDQWDQWH 3HQpORSH&UX]HVSDxRODDFWUL] 5XEpQ'DUtRQLFDUDJHQVHSRHWD *DEULHO*DUFtD0iUTXH]FRORPELDQRHVFULWRU 3HGUR$OPRGyYDUHVSDxROGLUHFWRUGHFLQH 5LJREHUWD0HQFK~JXDWHPDOWHFDDFWLYLVWDSROtWLFD ,VDEHO$OOHQGHSHUXDQDHVFULWRUD &KH*XHYDUDDUJHQWLQRUHYROXFLRQDULR -RVp0DUWtFXEDQRSRHWD 6KDNLUDFRORPELDQDFDQWDQWH 6HYHUR2FKRDHVSDxROFLHQWtILFR /XLV%XxXHOHVSDxROGLUHFWRUGHFLQH &DUORV6DQWDQDPHMLFDQRP~VLFR 6DOPD+D\HNPHMLFDQDDFWUL] 'LHJR$UPDQGR0DUDGRQDDUJHQWLQRIXWEROLVWD )HGHULFR*DUFtD/RUFDHVSDxROSRHWD -XDQ/XLV*XHUUDGRPLQLFDQRP~VLFR )ULGD.DKORPHMLFDQDSLQWRUD $QWRQLR%DQGHUDVHVSDxRODFWRU 3DEOR1HUXGDFKLOHQRSRHWD Î)LFKD3DtVHVGRQGHVHKDEODHVSDxRO $UJHQWLQD %ROLYLD &KLOH &RORPELD &RVWD 5LFD &XED (FXDGRU (O 6DOYDGRU (VSDxD *XDWHPDOD *XLQHD (FXDWRULDO +RQGXUDV0p[LFR0pMLFR 1LFDUDJXD3DQDPi3DUDJXD\3HU~3XHUWR5LFR5HS~EOLFD'RPLQLFDQD8UXJXD\9HQH]XHOD Î)LFKD(OHVSDxROHQFLIUDV • PLOORQHV(OQ~PHURGHSHUVRQDVFX\DOHQJXDPDWHUQDHVHOHVSDxRO • (OQ~PHURGHSDtVHVGRQGHHOHVSDxROHVHOLGLRPDRILFLDO • PLOORQHV(OQ~PHURGHKLVSDQRVHQORV(VWDGRV8QLGRV • PLOORQHV(OQ~PHURGHHVWXGLDQWHVGHHVSDxROFRPROHQJXDH[WUDQMHUDHQHOPXQGR • /DSURSRUFLyQGHHVWXGLDQWHVGHLGLRPDVTXHHOLJHHOHVSDxROHQ(VWDGRV8QLGRV • (O SRUFHQWDMH TXH VH HVWLPD TXH DOFDQ]DUiQ ORV KDEODQWHV GH HVSDxRO FRPR OHQJXD PDWHUQD HQ ORV (VWDGRV 8QLGRVGHQWURGHFLQFXHQWDDxRV • PLOORQHV\PHGLR(OQ~PHURGHWXULVWDVEULWiQLFRVTXHYLVLWD(VSDxDFDGDDxR • (OQ~PHURGHSXEOLFDFLRQHVGHPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQHQHVSDxROHQORV(VWDGRV8QLGRV • PLOORQHV(OQ~PHURGHHVWXGLDQWHVGHHVSDxROFRPROHQJXDH[WUDQMHUDHQOD8QLyQ(XURSHD • (OSRUFHQWDMHGHFHQWURVGHVHFXQGDULDHQORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVTXHRIUHFHHOHVSDxROFRPRDVLJQDWXUD • (OSRUFHQWDMHGHHVWXGLDQWHVGHHVSDxROFRPROHQJXDH[WUDQMHUDHQ)UDQFLD • (OSRUFHQWDMHGHKLVSDQRVHQORV(VWDGRV8QLGRV 0,6$0,*26/26$1,0$/(6 Î)LFKDD SDWRE UDQDF NLZLG JDWRH GHOItQI FRFRGULOR J OHyQK iJXLODL FRQHMRM SHUURN HOHIDQWHO MLUDIDP KLSRSyWDPRQ RVRx DEHMD Î)LFKD$GLYLQD$GLYLQDQ]D DEHMD FLJHxD RVR VDUGLQD Î)LFKD % $ $ % SHUUR UDQD OHyQ FHUGR JDWR ORUR Î)LFKD/DHGDGGHORVDQLPDOHV PXUFLpODJRDxRV SHUURDxRV PRVTXLWRXQPHV SH]WURSLFDO DxRV HVFDUDEDMR DxR FDEDOOR DxRV KRUPLJD VHPDQDV OHyQ DxRV JDOOLQD DxRV PDULSRVDVHPDQDV UDWyQDxRV WDUiQWXODDxRV 3$5$72'26/26*86726 Î)LFKD¢$TXLpQJXVWD"PHOHQRVWHPtPHPtPHWHRVOHV ¢&Ï0262026" Î)LFKD'HVFULSFLyQGHODSHUVRQDOLGDG WUDQTXLOD WRQWR KDEODGRUD ULVXHxR VHULD HGXFDGR FDOODGR LQWHOLJHQWH GLYHUWLGR QHUYLRVR DEXUULGD YDJD PDOHGXFDGD DQWLSiWLFR VLPSiWLFD H[WURYHUWLGDDELHUWD WUDEDMDGRU LQWURYHUWLGRUHVHUYDGR
&RQVHMHUtDGH(GXFDFLyQHQ$XVWUDOLD\1XHYD=HODQGD
CONSEJERÍA DE EDUCACIÓN EN AUSTRALIA Y NUEVA ZELANDA 15 Arkana St. – Yarralumla. ACT 2600 . CANBERRA AUSTRALIA Tel: 02 - 6273 4291 Fax: 02 - 6273 4588
[email protected] www.sgci.mec.es/au Centro de Recursos Suite 18, Manuka Court Bougainville St - Manuka. ACT 2603 Tel./ Fax: 02-6239-7153
[email protected] www.sgci.mec.es/au/centro.htm Australia Asesoría Técnica en Canberra Centro de Recursos Po Box 3811 Manuka. ACT 2603 Tel./ Fax: 02-6239 7153 Asesoría Técnica en Melbourne Languages Strategy Team Department of Education & Training 33 St. Andrews Place Melbourne VIC 3001 Tel: 03-9637 2064 Nueva Zelanda Asesoría Técnica en Auckland SELL, Spanish Department The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019. Auckland Tel: 09 - 3737 599 ext 87134 Asesoría Técnica en Wellington ACENZ. Po Box 10-298 Level 15, Equinox House 111 The Terrace Wellington Tel: 04 – 9136 488 Agrupación de Lengua y Cultura españolas Spanish Club. 7th floor, 88 Liverpool St. Sydney NSW 2000. Australia Tel. 02-92611907
[email protected]