1.0
INTRODUCTION
Building that is built now days are no longer just shelter from rain, wind, snow, sun, or other harsh condition of nature. Rather, they are built to create better, more consistent, more productive environments in which to work and to live. Building that is design and build must be comfortable to the people who are living or working in it. Therefore building must be designed with features to provide better lighting, comfortable space temperature, humidity, and air quality, convenient power and communication capability, high quality sanitation and reliable system for the protection of life and property. These entire desirable features have become a reality with recent advance in the technology of mechanical and electrical (M&E) system. M&E system demand considerable floor and ceiling space. Without proper space allocation during the preliminary planning phase of a project, the design process may have to be started over again, and there often the system performances are compromised. Furthermore, M&E system add to the cost of construction of a building, in some instances approaching or exceeding 50 percent of the total cost. Building M&E systems may be classified into three major categories: a. Mechanical Systems •
HVAC - Heating, ventilating , and air conditioning
•
Site utility –Water supply, storm water drainage, sanitary
disposal, gas supply •
Plumbing
–
Water
distribution,
water
treatment,
sanitary
facilities, etc. •
Fire protection – Water supply, fire and smock detection,
automatic sprinklers b. Electrical Systems •
Electrical power – Normal, standby, and emergency power supply and distribution
•
Lighting – Interior, Exterior, and emergency lighting
•
Auxiliary – Telephone, signal, data, audio/video, sound, fire alarm, security system.
c. Building Operation System •
Transportation – Elevator, escalator, moving walking way
•
Processing – Production, food service
•
Automation – Environmental controls, management
The industrial building management system provides the monitoring and control for all mechanical and electrical equipment within the industry. The task of ensuring smooth running operation of industrial building management system and all of its facilities is not an easy one. With the help of safety electrical operation and maintenance system, facility and maintenance administrators are able to coordinate all the technical requirements for the optimal functioning of the industry facilities. 1.1
Introduction To The Building Name of Building
:
Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan Batu
Pahat, Jalan Bakau Conndong, 83000 BatuPahat, Johor Owner Address
:
Department of Prime Minister, Bahagian Pengurusan Hartanah, Jabatan Perdana Menteri, Aras 7, Blok B3, 62502, Putrajaya
Maintainers
:
Bahagian Kawalselia Penyenggaraan,
Kementerian Kerja Raya Concession Company
:
AMBANG WIRA
18-6, Subang Business Centre, Jalan USJ, 9/5T, UEP Subang Jaya, 47620 Selangor No.Telefon : 03-80244505 Building started built on
:
Building finish built on :
April 2000
Julai 1997
Cost of the building
:
RM 13,648,080.39 juta
JKR Number
:
BP 2397, Bgn. Jentera JKR BP 2398,
Bgn. Elektrik JKR BP 2399 Lot Number
:
P.T.D 9261
Land area
:
4,303.64 mp
Area
:
46,323.95 square feet
Facilities inside and outside of the building:-
1. Meeting Room 2. Parking facilities 3. Security office 4. Toilet 5. Elevator 6. Offices The reason why we choose this building is to find out their mechanical and electrical system in office room and whether the building was designed as usually as another government office in this country. Other than that, how does the management system for mechanical and electrical device. 2.0
PURPOSE / OBJECTIVE
This project is to identify the M&E systems that can be found in building that we choose, Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan,Batu Pahat. The objective is:-
To generate knowledge and understanding about principles and practice of mechanical and electrical in civil engineering field and to exposed to the function and application of building system for human comfort.
To lead in the application of environmental-friendly advanced civil engineering for the benefit of mankind
To produce and train environmental-friendly civil engineers who are professional, creative, innovative, competent and responsible through quality academic programs
Categorize M&E building system components according to degree of environmental friendly compliance level.
Reproduce
M&E schematic layout and detail report similar with industry
requirement.
Organize and plan site visit to produce data and information for given project voluntarily.
Understand and apply basic mechanical and electrical engineering in building.
Apply knowledge on building electrical supply and fire safety. Apply knowledge on water supply and sanitary system. Work in a team and solve problems that arise when carrying out the assigned project 3.0
METHODOLOGY
We had a several sort of place that we have listed down. We had pick up Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan Batu Pahat to continue the project as the location is quite near from UTHM and also they have a good respond to entertain us regarding this project. Data were collected from office building, Ambang Wira Sdn. Bhd. From the site visit of this building we know the M&E system over view, system components, functions, technology, environment (indoor or outdoor), cost of building, problem and impact. We was conducted by the head of the office En Abd.Rahman bin Talib who was introduce us about the office working, the management and organization of this government sector. Then he let us conducted by his technicians, En. Norhisam bin Jemion and En. Mazlan bin Mohd Amin.He tells us about the M&E system on the office. Building services engineering comprises mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and plumbing (MEP) engineering, all of which are further sub-divided into the following:
•
Natural and Artificial Lighting, and Building facades
•
Security and Alarm Systems
•
Fire Detection and Protection
•
Lightning Protection
•
Lifts
•
Heating and Air Conditioning (hvac)
•
Water , Drainage and Plumbing
•
Ventilation and Refrigeration From the site visit, we also obtain the respective plans which are needed to
analyze the system of building, especially for Electrical and Mechanical, Fire Protection and Ventilation System
4.0
VENTILATION SYSTEM Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan Batu pahat, is a joint federal government
building which houses several Ministries and branches of the state department that manages everything related. Therefore the efficiency and workability of an employee is measured by the level of comfort at work. So, for the ventilation used in this building more on the mechanical system.
As known Ventilation is the
intentional movement of air from outside a building to the inside and is simply defined as the process of changing air in an enclosed space. A proportion of air within the enclosed space should be continuously withdraw and replaced by fresh air. Since this building has many departments that deal, the capacity of ventilation system is limited in maintaining the quality system it is divided into several sections where there is the Water Cool Pakage Unit (WCPU) systems, split systems, air systems Curtin. But the overall system used is WCUP system (Chiller).
AH
Overview Plan- Symmetry System
COOLING
Building orientation – sun angle from East to West
This system used in a ventilation flow. The system began with the Air Handling Unit (AHU) for temperature and humidity control system and then it continues to re-circulation water pump for water and radiant heating and chiller for cooling or fan coil.
This technology of requires a continuous flow of water and chemical material usage as an additive, so that it can function properly and smoothly. This system certainly provides many advantages over split system where it can provide cool air to the faster pace throughout the big building. This technology also produce a noise pollution but it’s not a big issue because the noise which it’s produce are less noisy. 4.1
Air Handling Unit (Ahu)
Also considered as indoor unit, this technology of air-handling system consist of one centrifugal fan, air filtration system, refrigerant cooling coils, supply ducts, return air diffuser and an electrical control panel. Air Handling Unit (AHU) has a separate room to generate electrical power to cool the hall. The rooms are laid (AHU) is located behind the hall. Ventilation system is used by the air flow at the entrance of air holes and then out into the hall into the cool air and warm air will flow out through two holes and then turned back into the incoming air. It is an air cycle system where the incoming cold air and warm air will escape through the ventilation holes in the AHU system.
Filter compatme
A HU room cold air&
water
Plan View of cooling tower
Excess
Return back water
Bring water to AHU
Inside cooling tank
Overview component in Supply air
Return air
4.2
System Component
a. Supply Duct
Ventilation duct system in which hot and cold air in and out. There are
two channels of inlet and outlet. Each function on the left and right.
Outlet warm air inlet cold air
b. Diffuser
In this building the diffusers can be divided into 2 types, supply air diffuser and return air diffuser. They are connected to the air ducts system with the same function respectively. As for the air supply air diffusers, all of them are installed on the ceiling’s hall and are square in shape. They are of several type of diffusers and made of plastic.
Return air diffuser is known as return air grill. The diffuser is of singleway return air diffusers and made of stainless steel. However, this diffuser is better. The location of these diffusers is the AHU’s rooms wall that connection the air inside the room with the outside. This can allow the return air directly back into the room as the AHU rooms is behind the stage. c. Heating and/or cooling coil
Air handlers may need to provide heating, cooling, or both to change the supply air temperature depending on the location and the application. Smaller
air
handlers
may
contain
a
fuel-burning
heater
or
a
refrigeration evaporator, placed directly in the air stream. Electric resistance and heat pumps can be used as well. Evaporative cooling is possible in dry climates.
Large commercial air handling units contain coils that circulate hot water or steam for heating, and chilled water for cooling. Coils are typically manufactured from copper for the tubes, with copper or aluminium fins to aid heat transfer. d. Filter compartment
Air filtration is almost always present in order to provide clean dustfree air to the building occupants. It may be via simple low-MERV pleated media, HEPA, electrostatic, or a combination of techniques. Gas-phase and ultraviolet air treatments may be employed as well. 4.3
Water Pump
An air conditioning apparatus includes a case body, and an air cooling coil disposed in the case body to cool an air stream flowing there across. A blower is disposed in the case body, and is driven by an output shaft of a motor to blow the air stream across the air cooling coil and deliver cooled air stream forwardly and outwardly of the case body. A drain pane is disposed under the air cooling coil to collect droplets of condensate, and has a first outlet to drain water therein. A water pump includes a pump body with an accommodation chamber, and an impeller received in the chamber and provided with a driven shaft. The driven shaft extends outwardly of the pump body to form a coupling end to be coupled with the output shaft so as to enable the motor to drive the impeller to rotate. The pump body has a second inlet in fluid communication with the first outlet of the drain pane, and a second outlet so that rotation of the impeller will generate a suction force to drain the water from the first outlet via the second inlet and out of the second outlet.
Pump system used in Chiller system 4.4
Chiller
Chiller is a device which will conduct the course of conditional water. It is generated by water released from the water pump. Before the process occurs in the chiller, it should detect water in the water pump. Chiller is very sensitive to detect the entry of water. Water through the heating and cooling coils and continue to go up to the tank on the outside of the room which houses the chiller. It can be points detail as follows: •
Heat is transferred from the air in the rooms to chilled water at the air handling units.
•
The chilled water is pumped through the chiller and the heat is transferred to the refrigerant.
•
The refrigerant is cooled by cooling water circulating in the condenser of the chiller. The heated cooling water is passed through cooling towers where the heat is dissipated to the atmosphere by fans.
The tank that use for keeping water Chemical for cooling water
4.5
Problems With Indoor And Outdoor Environment
Disruption in terms of environment, it does not affect the surrounding environment. It does not produce gas or smoke can be harmful to humans. In addition, the system is located inside the building and it works in the building. Air from outside does not affect the impact of the air inside the building. It is only affected if the air spaces open. It will cause the air system in the building will affect the temperature as warm air mixes with cold air.
4.6
Impacts
Indoor
Outdoor
In terms of impact is the problem of noise pollution. Noise pollution can occur at the outside of the building. Sound machine that generates a vibration of air conditioner that produces very little noise. It gives very little impact on the surrounding environment. Possible impact of human hearing is not affected. It is only the sound vibrations.
4.7
Split unit
Although the use of the chiller system is fully in Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan Batu pahat, but there are some rooms or departments that use
the air conditioning system which is a kind of private indoor unit and outdoor unit, or it call it split unit.
Outdoor
Outdoor unit
The split unit is used at the several ground floor and 2 nd floor in this building. The cooling effect from the package unit is insufficient to supply the chilled air to the area. Thus, additional cooling system is required to fulfill the cooling requirement. Unlike the fan coil unit, the indoor unit blows directly to the hall without any air supply ducts. There are 20 unit of split unit in the building. The outdoor unit is located at the rear of the building and in front of meeting room space.
I ndoor Unit
a. Air curtain
The other type of split unit is air curtain. This unit is place at a side door of the front lobby. With the same principal of the split unit, but it doesn’t being used to air-condition a room. But, it is used to create a curtain of air by blowing from the upper of the door down to the floor. The main function is to block the outside heat from entering and infiltrating into the lobby area. 4.8
Maintenance
The system must be maintained to ensure that it functioning appropriately so that it can carry its task and to avoid any inconvenience and damages to the system. The maintenance routine is made in 2 different phase: a. Daily
-
Chiller-inspect chiller, check oil level and take reading 3 times
-
Cooling tower:-check water,float valve and belting
b. Weekly
-
5.0
Cooling tower:-carry out water treatment
FIRE SAFETY AND BUILDING TRANSPORTATION
The Fire Safety Plan for the building of Bangunan GunaSama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, were planning accurately as the best way to protect the all building part
from bottom ground floor till the upper floor. The fire safety plan generate as the action plans that observe by the building authority and the building safety device suppliers and also the most important body in order approving the building safety plan, Fire and Rescue Department, Malaysia. 5.1
Fire Safety Plan of Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan, Batu
Pahat.
In order to realize the Fire Safety Plan of Persekutuan, Batu Pahat,
Bangunan Guna Sama
the management of building authority and
corporate responsibility of building maintenance, a meeting was handled to decide, review and evaluating the building ability and potential.
By the
general meeting of Fire safety, one of the responsibility group of maintaining, protecting and preventing unit was made.
The body is officially held the
responsibility of fire safety in the building.
They appropriately take action
and have to be made an action plan of preventing and emergency actions that will be used as formation of building rescuing active plan. The four (4) main point of important plan procedures is listed below as the primarily step to take action before any conflagration happen. 1. Fire Prevention 2. Fire Protection 3. Fire Safety Plan 4. Fire Fighting tools and equipment These four (4) elements is the part of planning in order to prevent any problem or unexpected thing happened and caused the building fail to run its purpose.
Bangunan GunaSama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, owned by the
Federal Government of Malaysia that locates the all government agencies as one central of administration. Moreover, the building shared by agencies as their responsibility to keep private and confidential all over the thing, so, the fire protection is important thing to do to ensure the workability and salvation
of legal document fully protected.
The Safety Planning has to divide in four
elements so that the management can easily evaluate all the unexpected thing, miscellaneous tool and equipment to provide while the financial is going to be considered. 5.2
Fire Prevention
Fire Prevention is a function of many fire departments. The goal of fire prevention is to educate the public to take precautions to prevent fires, and be educated
about
surviving
reducing emergencies and
them.
It
is
the damage caused
a
proactive by
them.
method Many
of fire
departments have a Fire Prevention Officer. Elements of the fire prevention that mentioned in the Fire Safety Plan; 1. Zoning Area 2. Fire Protections tools and Equipments 3. Lessons of Fire Prevention 4. Fire action plans 5. Regular Connective with Fire and Rescue Department 6. Maintenance 5.2.1 Zoning Area
Building Zone Area in Bangunan GunaSama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, divided in a few zone of safety action plans.
This is because of the
design of building area considered to make easy instructions if any unexpected thing happened to the building. This zone if referring to the emergency plans to get people out of building immediately and firefighting action. The zone as shown below the plan and the zone criteria listed below; 1. Front Porch 2. Rear Porch 3. Right Wing 4. Left Wing
Legend: Zone C
Front Porch
=
Rear Porch =
Zone D
Right Wing =
Zone A
Left Wing
Zone B
=
*** Plan Attached on the next page This zone has through process of testing by the building management and Fire and Rescue Department, its returns good and working properly. 5.2.2 Fire Protections tools and Equipments
Fire Protections tools and Equipments in Persekutuan, Batu Pahat,
Bangunan Guna Sama
is provides for every location with the
description and daily, weekly and monthly checking record of tools were producing to ensure the equipments working properly. Nu. 1
Nu. 2
PLACE Security Post 1
PLACE Security Post 2
LOCATION Front
LOCATION Front
DESCRIPTION Fire Protection System :
QUANTITY
ZONE
Fire Extinguisher (ABC)
1
C
Fire Extinguisher (Co2)
1
C
QUANTITY
ZONE
1
C
QUANTITY
ZONE
3
C
QUANTITY
ZONE
Fire Extinguisher (ABC)
1
C/G
Hose Reel drum
1
C/G
Manual Break Glass
1
C/G
Alarm Bell
1
C/G
DESCRIPTION Fire Protection System :
Fire Extinguisher (ABC)
Nu. 3
Nu. 4
5
PLACE Out of Building
PLACE Office by Pass
Canteen
LOCATION Building Perimeter
DESCRIPTION Fire Protection System :
LOCATION Ground Floor
DESCRIPTION Fire Protection System :
Hydrant
Nu. 6
Nu. 7
PLACE Fire Emergency Stairs
LOCATION Front
PLACE Building Machine
LOCATION Rear
DESCRIPTION Fire Protection System :
QUANTITY
ZONE
1
C/G
QUANTITY
ZONE
2
D
1
D
1
D
QUANTITY
ZONE
2
D
10
D
QUANTITY
ZONE
2
A/G
12
A/G
1
A/G
QUANTITY
ZONE
Fire Extinguisher (ABC)
3
C/G
Manual BreakGlass
2
C/G
Alarm Bell
1
C/G
Fireman Switch
2
C/G
Smoke Detector
6
C/G
Fire Extinguisher
3
C/G
Hose Reel Drum
1
C/G
Fire Door
2
C/G
Fire Door
DESCRIPTION Fire Protection System :
Fire Extinguisher (Co2) Hose Reel Board (Model : NOVADA)
a) Diesel
Engine R.Y (No. 4340665 382 cc) B) Electric Pump Motor (CALPEDA) 4HP / 3KW Nu. 8
PLACE T.N.B Building
LOCATION Rear
DESCRIPTION Fire Protection System :
Fire Extinguisher (Co2) 45 kg Co2 Cylinders
Nu. 9
PLACE Emigration Department
LOCATION Ground Floor
DESCRIPTION Fire Protection System :
Fire Extinguisher (Co2) Smoke Detector Fire Door
Nu. 10
PLACE Middle Lobby
LOCATION Ground Floor
DESCRIPTION Fire Protection System :
The tools and equipment were provides effectively due to necessarily of building protection area that implement by the regulations of Fire and Rescue Department.
The devices provided is the best element
and equipment that needed by the building. 5.2.3 Lessons of Fire Prevention
Fire prevention education can take the form of videos, pamphlets, and banners. Often, the messages and lessons are simple tips. Effective and important lessons and messages include: Stop, Drop and Roll
I) o
If your clothing catches on fire, the most effective method of extinguishing the fire is to stop, drop to the ground, and roll back and forth to smother the flame.
Don't run around
because it fans the flames Smoke Detectors
II) o
-
are just a start
III)
Get out and Stay Out
IV)
Don’t Just leave to do something else
V)
Don’t play with fire
VI)
Fire Drill
Where
the
management
responsibility
involves
conducting,
coordinating, monitoring or participating in fire drills. -
Preparation is the key to any effective emergency response. Conducting effective fire drills helps building owners, property management and others responsible for fire safety within a building In
Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat , Fire Drill
Frequencies is depend on the necessarily and instruction by the Fire and Rescue Department. To be most effective, it may be necessary to conduct fire drills on a more frequent basis. For example, within a care and treatment occupancy, it may be impractical to expect that all employees will be available to participate in a fire drill each month due to the different shifts people work. To ensure that all staff participate in fire drills within a reasonable period of time, the fire drill procedure may include a minimum frequency for individual staff participation. As an example, each employee must participate in a fire drill at least once every three months. To meet this desired frequency, the type of fire drills staff participate in could vary.
Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat,
on Safety
Planning mentioned that the fire drill frequency is about 2 times in a year and was held assist by the Fire and Rescue Department.
For the
purpose of this guideline, there are three types of fire drills: •
Comprehensive
•
Silent
•
Table Talk
5.2.4 Fire Action Plan
The fire action plan should be followed by all visitors, staff, students and residents in the event of fire or activation of alarm system.
All
people with personal emergency evacuation plans will have separate arranged procedures to follow.
All people with personal emergency
evacuation plans will have separate arranged procedures to follow. Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, had a plan by
referring to the zoning area and Fire Action Plan that was released to the staff in that building so that they know how to handling the emergency situation and what they have to do when facing on that panic situation and action should be taken. Action should be taken by following the chart of Fire Action Plans that was provided by the building authority as attached on the next page. The staff also should be follow the step If There’s a Fire and need to act instantly, swiftly and calmly once you become aware of a fire;
a)
Alert everyone - Make sure everyone in your home
knows about the fire. Shout. Get everyone together. b)
Don’t delay.
c)
Shut doors - As you go out, only open the doors you
need to. Close any open doors. Before you open a door check it with the back of your hand. If it’s warm, don’t open it – the fire is on the other side. d)
Get everyone out - Use your escape route. Stay
together if you can. e)
Crawl on the floor if there’s smoke - The air is
cleaner near the floor so if there’s smoke put your nose as low as possible. Remember, smoke is poisonous and can kill you. f)
Call 994 - Once you’ve escaped, use a mobile or a
neighbour’s phone. 994 calls are free. Speak slowly and clearly. •
•
Give the whole address of your home and the town.
•
Say what is on fire (eg, a two-storey house).
•
Explain if anyone is trapped and what room they are in.
g) Don’t go back in - Don’t go back in for anything. 5.2.5 Action on Discovering a Fire
Raise the alarm by breaking glass of nearest break-glass unit, this will alert the security staff who will then call the fire and rescue service via 999 network.
Out-with a building, either dial 999 using a mobile phone or raise alarm verbally for assistance.
If you identify a small confined fire and have been trained in the use of fire extinguishers, you can attack the fire if safe to do so. Always report any actions you have taken to security. 5.2.6 Alarm Activation
Leave the building quickly and calmly by the nearest escape route, closing any doors on the way.
Once you have exited the building, move directly to the fire assembly area. Remain in the assembly area keeping roadways clear. Separate procedures should be agreed with management for staff that required personal Emergency evacuation support/plans. All the systems in Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, fully protected and completed with the high intention of the fire protection equipments and tools. Moreover, Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, has use an advance technology in order to protect and fire
alert to the building that directly connected to the
Fire and Rescue
Department. If there’s any problem or emergency, the system will run automaticly so that they protection system will work up to fight the fire and alert the Fire and Rescue Department to get move immediately.
EMERGENCY ASSEMBLY AREA
EMERGENCY ASSEMBLY AREA
5.3
EMERGENCY ASSEMBLY AREA
EMERGENCY ASSEMBLY AREA
Passive System
Passive fire protection (PFP) is an integral component of the three components of structural fire protection and fire safety in a building. PFP attempts to contain fires or slow the spread, through use of fire-resistant walls, floors, and doors (amongst other examples). PFP systems must comply with the associated Listing and approval use and compliance in order to provide the effectiveness expected by building codes. Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, is legally approve by
the local authority and Fire and Rescue Department in referring to the Uniform Building By Law 1984 (UBBL 1984), that is mean if, all the necessarily of passive system tha implement by the building are authorized safety and can be use properly and there is no problem with the structural design.
5.3
Passive System
Passive fire protection (PFP) is an integral component of the three components of structural fire protection and fire safety in a building. PFP attempts to contain fires or slow the spread, through use of fire-resistant walls, floors, and doors (amongst other examples). PFP systems must comply with the associated Listing and approval use and compliance in order to provide the effectiveness expected by building codes. Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, is legally approve by
the local authority and Fire and Rescue Department in referring to the Uniform Building By Law 1984 (UBBL 1984), that is mean if, all the necessarily of passive system tha implement by the building are authorized safety and can be use properly and there is no problem with the structural design. 5.4
Active System
Active fire protection systems such as water sprinkler and spray systems are widely used in the process industries for protection of storage vessels, process plant, loading installations and warehouses. The duty of the fire protection system may be to extinguish the fire, control the fire, or provide
exposure
protection
to
prevent
domino
effects.
For
some
applications foam pourers or fixed water monitors may be a more appropriate method of delivery than sprays or sprinklers. Other more specialised systems using inert gases and halogen based gases are used for flooding enclosed spaces. There are two (2) kinds of active fire protections that has been used in Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat ; A.
Fire Suppression
Fire can be controlled or extinguished, either manually (firefighting) or automatically. Manual includes the use of a fire extinguisher or a Standpipe
system.
Automatic
means
can
include
a
fire sprinkler system, a gaseous clean agent, or firefighting foam
system. Automatic suppression systems would usually be found in large commercial kitchens or other high-risk area.
B.
Fire Detection
The fire is detected either by locating the smoke, flame or heat, and an alarm is sounded to enable emergency evacuation as well as to dispatch the local fire department. An introduction to fire detection and suppression can be found here. Where a detection system is activated, it can be programmed to carry out other actions. These include de-energising magnetic hold open devices on Fire doors and opening servo-actuated vents in stairways. 5.5
Fire Protection Tools and Equipments - Fire Extinguisher (ABC)
- Fire Extinguisher (Co2) - Hydrant - Hose Reel drum - Fire Door - Alarm Bell - Manual Break Glass - Hose Reel Board (Model : NOVADA) a) Diesel Engine R.Y (No. 4340665 382 cc) b)
Electric Pump Motor (CALPEDA) 4HP / 3KW
- Fire Extinguisher (Co2) - 45 kg Co2 Cylinders - Smoke Detector - Fireman Switch
45 kg Co2 Cylinders
Fire Extinguisher (ABC)
Manual Break Glass 5.6
Fire Main Switch
Building Transportation 5.6.1
Elevator
Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat,
building transportation equipment.
had provided
The building has design to be
used as government office and central administration, that why the building just provided elevator or lift as main transportation in that building. The type of lift is; 1. Traction Lift The traction lift is generated by the electric power. It has lift shaft and cable to urge upward loading.
5.6.2 Lift Operation Room Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat,
ready for the
emergency plan of lift breakdown. The plan based on the terms and condition by the regulations. It was mentioned as below;
LIFT BREAKDOWN ACTION 1. Rescuing people down to the lift must be handled by two authorized competency person. One has to be in where the lift will be up lifting. 2. Go to the Lift Motor Room and cut off the main switch. 3. By using the lift emergency telephone, call the passenger that get on the lift and tell them to be patient and “you will be saved”. 4. Open the landing door by contiguous with using the landing door key. 5. Concern to the lift car and make sure the location at upper level is the almost. 6. Open the landing floor at where the lift will be up lifting. 7. Go to the lift motor room and up lift a bit the manually by using manual release break till the lift car move up to right landing place. 8. Open the lift car’s door by using hand and rescue the passenger.
6.0
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 6.1
Light Fitting
Generally, Bangunan Persekutuan Batu Pahat were equipped with a good lighting system and fitting where approximately about 10 000 nos several of light consist of fluorescent, downlight and façade in the building itself and also with spot lights outside the building. 6.2
Natural Lighting
Natural light is radiant energy that originates from the sun. Daylight is indeed an amenity. With help of the building design and materials, glass wall act as main day lighting. Windows and walls provide visual contact with the outside, and the resultant daylight provides a bright and pleasant, air ambience. When daylight enters through windows, its horizontal directivity
provides
good
modeling
shadows, minimal veiling reflections, and
excellent
vertical
surface
illumination. Furthermore,
the
continual
variation of day light, which is one of its prominent characteristics, provides a
constantly changing pattern of space illumination (one that is not easily attainable with artificial light). Because these changes are gradual, the eyes adapt easily and the effect is one of visual interest. Sometimes, blinds were used to minimize the day light especially during the presentation. Although daylight cannot be used all the time, even buildings with round-the-clock operation can use daylight for at least one shift and thus reduce their lighting energy consumption correspondingly.
Light From Entry Door 6.3
Downlight / Incandescent Recessed
"Downlight" term is used for lighting fixtures mounted mostly on a ceiling of various interiors and projecting their light in the down direction. Downlight are mainly used as a source of main lighting in this building. The usage of downlights allows the most equal light distribution over interior space compared to other types of lighting fixtures. The main purpose of a downlight fixture is a collection and redistribution of luminous flux from the lights source (lamps) in a required direction. 6.4
Fluorescent Lamp
The most common found is in tubular fluorescent lamps. A range of different phosphor coatings are used to modify the output spectrum. The standard fluorescent tube has a diameter of 38mm and a length of 0.6, .9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 or 2.4 meters.
More recently, such lamps are available in
both circular form as well as compact fluorescents utilizing folded tubes of much smaller diameter.
Fluorescent lamps are much
more
efficient
and
have up to 20 times longer life than some incandescent. For these reason, they are widely used especially in basement car park area and other mechanical and electrical room. It has no filament running through it. Instead, cathodes (coiled tungsten filaments coated with an electron-emitting substance) at each end send current through mercury vapors sealed in the tube. Ultraviolet radiation is produced as electrons from the cathodes knock mercury electrons out of their natural orbit. Some of the displaced electrons settle back into orbit, throwing off the excess energy absorbed in the collision. Almost all of this energy is in the form of ultraviolet radiation. The usage of this kind of lamp allows a good light to whole area. A fluorescent lamp converts electrical power into useful light more efficiently than an incandescent lamp, lower energy costs offsets the higher initial cost of the lamp and use less power.
Type of Light Usage
Spotlight only used nocturnally and if have been any ceremony or celebration in that area. These spotlights are located at the field near the arch.
6.5
Electrical component 6.5.1 Circuit Breaker
A circuit breaker is a circuit protection device that, like a fuse, will stop current in the circuit if there is a direct short, excessive current or excessive heat. Unlike a fuse, a circuit breaker is reusable. The circuit breaker does not have to be replaced after it has opened or broken the circuit. Instead of replacing the circuit breaker, you reset it. Circuit breakers can also be used as circuit control devices. By manually opening and closing the contacts of a circuit breaker, you can switch the power on and off Circuit breakers are available in a great variety of sizes and types. Circuit breakers have five main components. The components are the frame, the operating mechanism, the arc extinguishers and contacts, the terminal connectors, and the trip elements
6.5.2 Supply Incoming unit (SIU)
A unit to house the electricity supply authority’s incoming cable, service fuses, neutral link, current transformer and meters. An electrical supply unit, comprising: a sealable container having an interior and being moveable between an open position, in which the interior may be accessed by a user and a closed position, in which the interior may not be accessed by a user; and one or more
charging points located in the interior of the container, each charging point being operable to provide a first supply of electricity when the container is in the closed position and operable to provide a second supply of electricity when the container is in the open position.
7.0
WATER SUPPLY
For this building water is supply using downfeed/ indirect system. In the typical downfeed/ indirect system, the connection with the street main is carried directly to a tank placed or at some point above the highest fixture, water is supplied down through vertical pipes to the lowest point in the pressure zone. The supply to tank is regulated by a ball-cock which automatically shuts off the water when the tank becomes full, and opens and refills it again when water is drawn out. The height of the tank provides additional static head, increasing the pressure in the water distribution system. These are the advantages of the downfeed/ indirect water tank system: •
Less complex then other system
•
Fewer components are required to control the operate the system
•
More efficient and cost less to operate
•
May utilize a small pump
•
Maintenance requirements are minimal
•
Uniform pressure
Disadvantages of the downfeed/ indirect water tank system: •
An exposed tank, or the enclosure around it, may be considered unsightly
•
Building structure may require reinforcement to support the additional weight
•
Water pressure on the upper floor may be inadequate for some fixtures
•
A catastrophic tank failure could flood the roof water tank room
Water tank on top of building
8.0
CONCLUSION
From this project we conclude that, all buildings need mechanical and electrical system more efficient, better, productive environment in which to work and to live. Buildings must be designed with features to provide better lighting, comfortable space temperature, humidity, and air quality. All these desirable features have become a reality with recent advances in the technology of mechanical and electrical systems. We can see for the building of Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, a new system, especially in terms of ventilation system.
Another that, we can identify the mechanical and electrical system during the site visit conducted. Types of ventilation are being use depends on several factors which contribute the building needs.
Bangunan Gunasama Pesekutuan also has a very regular system maintenance, the Ambang Wira Sdn. Bhd who is responsible for ensuring maintenance of all buildings in the intensive care and the best controlled. In the other hand, we must take the accountability to those things that will influence on the environment surrounded building. Although, a building that has highly technology system for M & E systems, but the technology was too risky and influences the big impact on the environment, the level of technology was still below the level that is satisfactory for use by community and future generation. 9.0
DISCUSSION
We conduct the site survey to get more experiences and also lessons in the class to make us more familiar with the mechanical and electrical system. Most of the systems that we found in the Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat are the latest. A few benefit from this site survey, we are exposed to the real system, components and new function of air-conditioning. For information, the function of Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat is
more to work center, where all people in government department
worked in this building. This is required the systematic ventilation to support the big space. With the latest technology they used, it can save more electricity, water, worth economically, efficiency and comfort. For example space for meeting rooms will not be on the air supply when it in use for any function, so it is more save for electricity. The basic mechanical ventilation components we found is air handling unit (AHU), water pump and chiller. The air supply is controlled mechanically and the combination of three component are very important regardless the type of air
conditioning system. At the building’s wall have propeller fans to intake and discharge condition of ventilation to giving direct in/out and out/in movement. For ensure the air of good quality and sufficient more oxygen is present, the water pump and chiller is located behind the building. The main subject is how the building renovates to air-conditioning ventilation, they have knowledge of integrated or holistic design principals is not a limitation but another set of tools to produce efficient, healthy, and aesthetically compelling architecture. Building with this approach operates more efficiently, integrate effectively into their local environment, and tend to produce spaces that are more pleasing to work and life. The firefighting system at Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan, Batu pahat include portable fire extinguisher, hydrogen extinguisher and alarm system. There is no active fire protection systems such as dry pipe systems are widely used in the process industries for protection of process plant, building and warehouses. Fire-resistance rated door are another form of passive fire protection that are used to prevent the spread of fire and the exposure of adjacent equipment to thermal radiation.
Reference 1. MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN BUILDING, William K.Y Tao, Richard R. Jasin. Second edition, 2001 2. http://www.neon-lighting.com/articles/Types%20of%20Lamps.htm 3. http://www.tpub.com/content/neets/14175/css/14175_106.htm 4. http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/circuit-breaker2.htm 5. http://www.faqs.org/patents/app/20080203827
