TEAM CODE%
IN THE HON’BLE HIGH COURT COU RT OF JEEVA JEEVASTHAN
In the Matter of
SUNITHA AND AJITH ....PETITIONER
Versus
ST. MARTIN COLLEGE
….RESPONDENT
Memorial o Be!al" o" #!e Pe#i#ioer$
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR T THE K ERALA ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY FOR T THE K ERALA CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS …………………………………………………………………...3 INDE' OF AUTHORITIES ……………………………………………………………….…...4 STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION …………………………………..……………………….7 STATEMENT OF FACTS …………………………………………...…………………………8 ISSUES RAISED ……………………………………………………………………………….10 SUMMAR( OF PLEADINGS ………………………………………………………………...11 PLEADINGS…..……………………… …..…………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… …………………………..13 ..13
1. )!e#!er #!e *ri# +e#i#io i$ mai#aia,le or o#2. )!e#!er #!e Goeri/ Bo01 !a0 #!e +o*er #o "orm2la#e a0 +2,li$! #!e Co0e o" Co023# "or $#20e#$ or o#3. )!e#!er R2le 45 o" #!e Goeri/ Bo01 i$ i iola#io o" Ar#i3le 467 4894: 9a:7 9,: a0 ;4 or o#4. )!e#!er #!e +2i$!me# im+o$e0 o #!e Pe#i#ioer$ i$ 0i+ro+or#ioa#e #o #!e /rai#1 o" #!e mi$3o023# or o#5. )!e#!er #!ere i$ a error o" la* a++are# o #!e "a3e o" re3or0 or o#-
…………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………...30 …...30 PRA(ER ………………………………………………………
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER ;
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR T THE K ERALA ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY
LIST OF ABBRIVIATIONS A,,reia#io
De"ii#io
&
A!
"
P#$#%$#'
A IR
A(( I!)# R*+$,*$
-+,.
-+*$/*,
F++,+,*
C
$*/* C+$,
C C
$*/* C+$, C#*
UOI
U)+ + I!)#
*$
C C
$*/* C+$, C#*
C R
$*/* C+$, R*+$,
$
R*#! W),'
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER <
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR T THE K ERALA ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY
INDE' OF AUTHORITIES CASES CITED S.No.
Ca$e
Ci#a#io
1.
A. A. Kraipak v Union of India
7 1970 C 150
2.
Airport Authority Case
1979 3 CC 489
3.
Ajay Hasiya v Khalid
1981 2 CR 479
4.
Mujib Associated Picture House v ednesbury ednesbury Corporation
1948 1 K: 223 CA
5. 6. 7.
!ha"at #a$ v %tate of Hi$achal Pradesh Chinta$an #ao v &he %tate of Madhya Pradesh
AIR 1983 C 454 AIR 1951 C 118
'.P. '.P. #oyappa v %tate of &a$il &a$il (adu
8.
)rancis Coralie Mullin v &he Ad$inistrator Ad$inistrator** Union
1978 2 CR 537
9.
&erritory &erritory of +elhi and ,rs. -alior #ayon %ilk Mf". Co. /td. v Custodian of
AIR 1990 C 1747
10.
Vested Vested )orests In re0 Kerala Kerala 'ducation !ill
AIR 1958 C 956
11.
Isla$ic Acade$y of 'ducation v %tate of Karnataka
AIR 2003 C 3724
12.
K. Krishna$acharyulu and ,rs. v %ri Venkateshara Venkateshara
1997 3 CC 571
13.
Hindu Colle"e of 'n"ineerin" and Anr. Anr. Ku$Ku$ v Principal* 1esus 2 Mary Colle"e
AIR 1976 D*( 35
14.
M. Vijaya Vijaya v &he Chair$an* %in"areni Collieries and
2001 5 ALD 522
,rs.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 6
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY 15.
Maneka -andhi v Union of India
1 CC 248
16.
Marsh v Alaba$a
3 326 U.. 501
17.
Md. Mobashashir %arar v 1a$ia Millia Isla$ia
C))( A*#( N+. 11 + 2016 A$))% +, + LP C N+.
18.
(a"ar Palika (i"a$ v Krishi Upaj Mandi %a$iti 2
2964 + 2015 AIR 2009 C 187.
19.
,rs. ,l"a &ellis and others v !o$bay Municipal
AIR 1986 C 180
20.
Corporation and ,rs. ,$ku$ar v Union of India
2000 C 3689
21.
P.A. Ina$dar v %tate of Maharashtra
20056 CC 537
22.
Pathu$$a and ,rs. v %tate of Kerala and ,rs.
AIR 1981 C 746
23.
Poona$ v %u$it &anar
AIR 2010 C 1384
24. Pradeep Ku$ar !isas v Indian Institute of Che$ical
2002 5 CC
25.
!iolo"y #ajasthan %'! v Mohan /al
AIR 1967 C 1857
26.
#ev. %idhajbhai
AIR 1963 C 540
27.
#o$esh &happar v %tate of Madras
AIR 1950 C 124
28.
%hreya %in"hal v Union of India
W.P. C$(. N+. 167 + 2012
29.
%indhi 'ducation %ociety v Chief %ecretary*
2010 8 CC 49
30.
-overn$ent of (C& of +elhi %t. 1ohn.s &eachers &rainin" Institute v #e"ional
2003 3 CC 321.
31.
+irector* (C&' %tate !ank ,f Patiala v %.K.%har$a
AIR 1996 C 1669
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER =
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY
32.
%tate of Kerala v Very #ev. Mother Provincial*
1971 CR 1 734.
33.
%ukhdev %in"h v !ha"atra$
1975 1 CC 421
34.
&arachand v Municipal Corporation
AIR 1977 AIR 567
35.
&MA Pai )oundation v %tate of Karnataka
2002 8 CC 481
36.
Ujja$ !ai v %tate of U.P.
AIR 1962 C 1621
37.
Union of India v -. -anayutha$
1997 7 CC 463
38.
Unni Krishan v %tate of Andhra Pradesh*
1993 1 CC 645
39.
Vincent v Union of India*
1987 2 .C.R. 468
40.
3ee &elefil$s /td. v Union of India
AIR 2005 C 2677
BOO>S REFFERED
A$)! P. D#,#$; C+//*,#$< O T'* C+,),,)+ O I!)# 2! *!. R*$), 2010 D.D :AU; I,$+!=,)+ ,+ ,'* C+,),,)+ 21, *!. 2013 D.D.:#; C+//*,#$< + ,'* C+,),,)+ + I!)#; + (. 6 8,' *!.2012 D.>. D*; C+,),,)+ O I!)# 3$! *!. 2008 D$. D$%# :#; I,$+!=,)+ T+ T'* C+,),,)+ O I!)# 20,' *!. R*$), 2012 D$. >.N.P#!*<; C+,),,)+#( L# O I!)# 38,' *!. 2002 D$.D$%# :#; C+,),,)+#( L# O I!)# 8,' *!. 2011 H.M.**$); C+,),,)+#( L# + I!)# 4,' *!. >,)=* -.P. )%'; P$)=)(* O ,#,,+$< I,*$$*,#,)+ 12,' *!.2010 L*?) N*?);
I!)# >,)=*. -.P.)%'; P$)=)(* O ,#,,+$< I,*$$*,#,)+ 12,' *!. R*$), 2011
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER ?
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY
M.P.>#); I!)# C+,),,)+#( L# 5,' *!. 2003 M#?*((; I,*$$*,#,)+ O ,#,,* 12,' *!. 2006 L*?) N*?); I!)#; N.. :)!$#; I,*$$*,#,)+ O ,#,,* 9,' *!. 2004 ; L*?) N*?); I!)# . D)=*<; T'* L# O T'* C+,),,)+ 10,' *!. 1959 *#. P. #$#,'); I,*$$*,#,)+ + ,#,,*2008 5,' *!. ; E#,*$ :++@ C+/#<; I!)#;
STATUTES@REPORTS REFERRED
T'* C+,),,)+ O I!)#; 1950
T'* U)*$),< -$#, C+//))+ A=,; 1956.
STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION
T'* H)%' C+$, + >**#,'# '# $)!)=,)+ ,+ '*#$ ,') /#,,*$ !*$ A$,)=(* 226 + ,'* C+,),,)+ + I!)#. T'* P*,),)+*$ /+, '/B(< #! $**=,((< B/), ,+ ,'* $)!)=,)+ + ,'* C+$,.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY
STATEMENT OF FACTS I
T'* U)*$),< + >**#,'# ) ) ,'* ,#,* + >**#,'# ')=' ()* ) ,'* U)+ + I!)#. ,. M#$,) C+((*%* ) # C#,'+()= ),),,)+ #)()#,*! ,+ ,'* U)*$),< ')=' ) *,#B()'*! !*$ A$,)=(* 301 + ,'* C+,),,)+ + I!)#. A *$ *=,)+ 40 + >**#,'# U)*$),< A=,; 1952 T'* /##%*/*, + **$< $)#,* =+((*%* #)()#,*! ,+ ,'* U)*$),< '#(( =+,),,* # -+*$)% :+!< +$ %))% #!)=* + #(( /#,,*$ $*(#,)% ,+ ,'* #!/)),$#,)+ + ,'* =+((*%* =+),)% + +((+)% *$+ 1. P$)=)#( + ,'* =+((*%*. 2. T+ ,*#='*$ +/)#,*! B< ,'* P$)=)#(.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY 3. F)* *$+ +/)#,*! B< ,'* /##%*/*,. 4. O* *$+ +/)#,*! B< ,'* U)*$),< T'* C+((*%* %+, $*=+%)*! # # /)+$),< *!=#,)+#( ),),,)+ ) 2013 !*$ ,'* N#,)+#( C+//))+ +$ M)+$),< E!=#,)+#( I,),,)+ A=,; 2004. T'* -+*$)% :+!< + ,'* C+((*%* +$/(#,*! #! B()'*! # C+!* + C+!=, +$ ,!*, P#$#%$#' 10 + ')=' $*#!; + /#(* #! */#(* ,!*, '#(( ), + ,'* #/* B*='G. II
),'# #! A),' #$* 3$! <*#$ :.C+/ ,!*, + ,'* C+((*%*. O 06.08.2015; ,'* P$)=)#( *!*! A),' #! ),'# $+/ ,'* =+((*%* ,#,)% ,'#,; ,'*< '#! )+(#,*! P#$#%$#' 10 + ,'* C+!* + C+!=,. T'* #=,)+ + ,'* P$)=)#( =#*! ,+ %**$#,* *$)+ $+,*, $+/ !)*$*, *=,)+; ,'$+%' +=)#( /*!)# #! *(*=,$+)= /*!)#. L#$%* /B*$ + *+(* =$),)=)*! ,'* #=,)+ + ,'* P$)=)#( B, # /#(( *=,)+ +$,*! ,'* #=,)+. O 18.08.2015; P$)=)#( #+),*! # C+//))+ ,+ ))$* ),+ ,'* #((*%#,)+ #%#), ),'# #! A),'. III
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
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 8
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY
ISSUES RAISED I$$2e 4. )HETHER THE )RIT PETITION IS MAINTAINABLE OR NOT-
I$$2e ;. )HETHER THE GOVERNING BOD( HAD THE PO)ER TO FORMULATE AND PUBLISH THE CODE OF CONDUCT FOR STUDENTS OR NOT-
I$$2e <. )HETHER RULE 45 OF THE GOVERNING BOD( IS IN VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 467 4894: 9a: 9,: AND ;4 OF THE CONSTITUTION OR NOT-
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 45
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY I$$2e 6. )HETHER THE PUNISHMENT IMPOSED ON THE PETITIONERS IS DIPROPORTIONATE TO THE GRAVIT( OF THE ALLEGED MISCONDUCT OR NOT-
I$$2e =. )HETHER THERE IS AN ERROR OF LA) APPARENT ON THE FACE OF RECORD OR NOT-
SUMMAR( OF PLEADINGS
4. )HETHER THE )RIT PETITION
IS MAINTAINABLE OR NOT-
)irstly* ,'#, ,. M#$,) C+((*%* ) ,#,*G !*$ A$,)=(* 12 + ,'* C+,),,)+ + I!)# #! ,' # $), *,),)+ ) /#),#)#B(* #%#), ), +$ )+(#,)+ + P#$, III + ,'* C+,),,)+. %econdly; ,'#, ,'* /)+$),< ,#, + ,'* R*+!*, !+* +, #B+(* ), + ), ()#B)(),<. ;.)HETHER
THE
GOVERNING
BOD(
HAD
THE
PO)ER
TO
FORMULATE
AND PUBLISH THE CODE OF CONDUCT FOR STUDENTS OR NOT-
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 44
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY )irstly; ,'#, ,'* -+*$)% :+!< !)! +, '#* ,'* +*$ ,+ +$/(#,* #< =+!* + =+!=, # ), ) /*$*(< # #!)+$< B+!< #! #=,*! +,)!* + ), /#!#,* ),)#,)% R(* 10 + ,'* C+!*. %econdly; ,'#, ,'* -+*$)% :+!<; B*)% # ,#,,+$< B+!<; =#+, *?=**! ), ()/), ) !)='#$%)% ), !,)*; #! ,'*$*+$*; =#+, /#@* ,'* C+!* + C+!=,. <.)HETHER
R ULE
45
OF
THE
GOVERNING
BOD(
IS
IN
VIOLATION
OF
ARTICLE 467 4894: 9A:7 9B: AND ;4 OR NOT-
)irstly; ,'#, R(* 10 ) #$B),$#$<; #! #)( ,'* ,*, + $*#+#B(** #! ,' ) )+(#,)* + A$,)=(* 14. %econdly; ,'#, R(* 10 ) )+(#,)* + A$,)=(* 191 # #! B # ), (#=* $*#+#B(* $*,$)=,)+ + ,'* !#/*,#( $)%',. &hirdly* ,'#, R(* 10 ) )+(#,)* + #$,)=(* 21 )+/=' # ), )+(#,* !* $+=*. 6.)HETHER
THE
PUNISHMENT
IMPOSED
ON
THE
PETITIONERS
IS
DIPROPORTIONATE TO THE GRAVIT( OF THE MISCONDUCT OR NOT-
&hat ,'* )'/*, )/+*! + ,'* P*,),)+*$ #$ *?=**! ,'* =$)/* #! ) )+(#,)* + ,'* !+=,$)* + P$++$,)+#(),<. =.)HETHER THERE IS AN ERROR OF LA) APPARENT
ON THE FACE OF
RECORD OR NOT-
)irstly; ,'* I)$< C+//))+ !)! +, #$*=)#,* ,'* *)!*=* #! =$+*?#/)#,)+ =+!=,*! B< ,'* P*,),)+*$. %econdly* ,'* *?()+ +$!*$ #,*$ ,'* I)$< C+//))+G $+=**!)% !)! +, ,#,* #< $*#+ +$ $**=,)% *)!*=* #! ,' ) *$$+*+ + ,'* #=* + ,'* $*=+$!.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 4;
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY
PLEADINGS 4. )HETHER THE )RIT PETITION IS MAINTAINABLE OR NOT-
I, ) /+, $**=,((< B/),,*! B< ,'* P*,),)+*$ B*+$* ,') H+GB(* C+$, ,'#, ,'* ),#, $), *,),)+ ) /#),#)#B(* ) ,') H+GB(* C+$,. I, ) B/),,*! ,'#, ,. M#$,) C+((*%* '*$*)#,*$
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 4<
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY JR*+!*, ) ,#,* !*$ A$,)=(* 121 +$ ,'* $+* + P#$, III + ,'* C+,),,)+; # ,'* !,)* ()((*! B< ),; ).*. *!=#,)+; ) /*$*(< # *?,*)+ + ,'* ,#,*G =,)+. 4.4 THAT
THE
R ESPONDENT
IS
STATE
UNDER THE MEANING OF
ARTICLE 4;
FOR THE
PURPOSE OF PART III OF THE CONSTITUTION
I, ) $**$*,)#((< B/),,*! ,'#, ,'* R*+!*, ) J,#,* 2 !*$ ,'* C+,),,)+; #! ) !*$ # =+,),,)+#( /#!#,* ,+ *$* ,'#, ,'* !#/*,#( $)%',3 + *+(* #$* $+,*=,*! #! ,'* !)$*=,)* $)=)(* + ,#,* +()=< #$* +((+*!.4 I, /#=')*$< '+(! =,)+ ) # #< ,+ #,,#) ,'* )!*#( + ,'* C+,),,)+ # *'$)*! ) ), P$*#/B(*. F+$ # *(#$* ,#,* ()@* ,'#, + I!)# 5; $+)!)% *!=#,)+ #=)(),)* ) # )/*$#,)* !,< + ,'* ,#,*. )=* ), ) )/$#=,)=#( #! #(/+,
1 C+,),,)+ + I!)#; 1950.
2 A$,)=(* 12 + ,'* C+,),,)+ Airport Authority Case 1979 3 CC 489 Ajay Hasiya v Khalid
Mujib 1981 2 CR 479.
3
P#$, III + ,'* C+,),,)+.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 46
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY )/+)B(* +$ ,'* %+*$/*, ,+ $+)!* #(),< ')%'*$ *!=#,)+ 6 ,+ #(( =),)* ),') ), ,*$$),+$< !* ,+ $*#+ ()@* # =+(+#( +(#,)+; ,'* %+*$/*,; ,' #((+)% $)#,* =+((*%* ,+ B* *, ; '# !*(*%#,*! ,') !,<. I Ujja$ !ai v %tate of U.P .;7 ,'* C +B*$*! ,'#, A$,. 12 )! ,'* (), + #,'+$),)* #(()% ),') ,'* !*)),)+ B< $**$$)% ,+ J+,'*$ #,'+$),)* ),') ,'* ,*$$),+$< + I!)#; ')=' =#+,; +B)+(<; B* $*#! # ejusde$ "eneris ),' *),'*$ ,'* -+*$/*, +$ ,'* L*%)(#,$* +$ L+=#( #,'+$),)*. T'* +$! J,#,* ) + )!* #/(),!* #! =##B(* + =+/$*'*!)% **$< #,'+$),< =$*#,*! !*$ ,'* ,#,,* #! =,)+)% ),') ,'* ,*$$),+$< + I!)#. T'*$* ) + ='#$#=,*$)#,)+ + ,'* #,$* + #,'+$),< *, !*$ # ,#,,* +$ ,'* $+* + #!/)),*$)% (# *#=,*! B< ,'* P#$()#/*, +$ B< ,'* ,#,* )=(!)% ,'+* *,*! ),' ,'* !,< ,+ /#@* !*=))+ ) +$!*$ ,+ )/(*/*, ,'+* (#. 4
P#$, I + ,'* C+,),,)+.
5
H.M.**$); Constitutional /a of India* +( 3 4,' *! Vincent v Union of India ; 1987 2 .C.R. 468.
6
A$,)=(* 41; C+,),,)+ + I!)#.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 4=
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY A B+!< ) *$+$/)% # B()= =,)+ '* ), **@ ,+ #=')** +/* =+((*=,)* B**), +$ ,'* B()= +$ # *=,)+ + ,'* B()= #! ) #==*,*! B< ,'* B()= +$ ,'#, *=,)+ + ,'* B()= # '#)% #,'+$),< ,+ !+ +. :+!)*; ,'*$*+$*; *?*$=)* B()= =,)+ '* ,'*< ),*$** +$ #$,)=)#,* ) +=)#( +$ *=++/)= ##)$ ) ,'* B()= ),*$*,. T') /#< '#* ) # )!* #$)*,< + #<. F+$ ),#=*; # B+!< ) *$+$/)% # B()= =,)+ '* ), $+)!* B()= %++! +$ +,'*$ =+((*=,)* *$)=*; =' # '*#(,' =#$*; *!=#,)+ #! *$+#( +=)#( *$)=*; $+/ ! $#)*! B< ,#?#,)+.8 I Unni Krishan v %tate of Andhra Pradesh*4 ,'* H+GB(* $*/* C+$, '*(! ,'#, # $)#,* B+!< *$+$/)% B()= !,< ) #/*#B(* ,+ $), $)!)=,)+. T'* $*/* C+$, '*(! ,'#, !*$ A$,)=(* 226; $), =# B* )*! ,+ #< *$+ +$ #,'+$),< +$ *+$=*/*, #< + ,'* !#/*,#( $)%', +$ +$ #< G+,'*$ $+*G. T'* =+$, $,'*$ +B*$*! ,'#, 7
AIR 1962 C 1621.
8
!* /),'; W++( & >+*((; 1udicial #evie of Ad$inistrative Action 5,' E!. C'#,*$ 3; #$# 0.24.
9
1993 1 CC 645.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 4?
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY 5If the e$phasis is on the nature of duty* on the sa$e principle it has to be held that these educational institutions dischar"e public duties* irrespective of the educational institutions receivin" aid it should be held that it is a public duty. &he absence of aid does not detract fro$ the nature of duty. 5 U)*$),< /*# # U)*$),< *,#B()'*! +$ )=+$+$#,*! B< +$ !*$ # C*,$#( A=,; # P$+)=)#( A=, +$ # ,#,* A=, #! )=(!* #< =' ),),,)+ # /#<; ) =+(,#,)+ ),' ,'* U)*$),< =+=*$*!; B* $*=+%)*! B< ,'* U)*$),< -$#, C+//))+ U-C ) #==+$!#=* ),' ,'* $*%(#,)+ /#!* ) ,') $*%#$! !*$ ,'* U-C A=,; 1956.10 T'* R*+!*, ) #)()#,*! ,+ ,'* U)*$),< + >**#,'#; #! !*$ # =+,),,)+#( #! ,#,,+$< +B()%#,)+ ,+ =,)+ # *$ ,'* >**#,'# U)*$),< A=,; 1940 #! ,'* $**=,)* ,#,* U)*$),)* A=, #! ,#,,* $#/*! ,'*$*!*$. A +B*$*! B< ,'* C+,),,)+ B*=' + ,'* A*? C+$, ) ,'* =#* + Isla$ic Acade$y of 'ducation . %tate of Karnataka;11 6I$partin" of education is a %tate function. &he %tate* hoever* havin" re"ard to its financial and other constraints* is not alays in a position to perfor$ its 10
*=,)+ 2 ; U)*$),< -$#, C+//))+ A=,; 1956.
11
AIR 2003 C 3724.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 4
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY duties. &he function of i$partin" education has been* to a lar"e e7tent* taken over by the citi8ens the$selves.9 A '*(! B< ,'* A*? C+$, ) ,'* =#* + 3ee &elefil$s /td. v Union of India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arsh v Alaba$a*:< ,'* /+$* # +*$; +$ ') #!#,#%*; +* ') $+*$,< +$ * B< ,'* B()= ) %**$#(; ,'* /+$* !+ ') $)%', B*=+/* =)$=/=$)B*! B< ,'* ,#,,+$< #! =+,),,)+#( $)%', + ,'+* '+ * ),. I ),* + ,'* ),),,)+ B*)% # $)#,* /)+$),< ),),,)+; )=* ), ) $)/#$)(< +$ * B< ,'* %**$#( B()= +$ ,'* $+* + *!=#,)+; ), ) B*=, ,+ =+,),,)+#( $*,$)=,)+.
12
AIR 2005 C 2677.
13
3 326 U.. 501.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 4
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY M#,'* >. ) ,'* =#* + %ukhdev %in"h v !ha"atra$:= (#)! !+ ,'* ,*, ,'#, ) ,'* =,)+ + # C+$+$#,)+ #$* + B()= )/+$,#=* #! =(+*(< $*(#,*! ,+ %+*$/*,#( =,)+; ), '+(! B* ,$*#,*! # # #%*=< +$ ),$/*,#(),< + ,'* %+*$/*, #! '*=* # ,#,* ),') ,'* #/B), + A$,. 12. A=,)),)*; ')=' #$* ,++ !#/*,#( ,+ ,'* +=)*,< #$*; B< !*)),)+; ,++ )/+$,#, +, ,+ B* =+)!*$*! %+*$/*, =,)+. E* # $)#,* B+!< +$ # =+$+$#,)+ +$ #)!*! $)#,* ='++( /#< B* )=(!*! ),') ,'* !*)),)+ + ,#,*G ) ), #=, # # #%*=
1975 1 CC 421.
15
AIR 2010 C 1384.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 48
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY !)='#$%)% ,'* =,)+ + ,'* ,#,*. I, ) # B()= !,<16 I ,'* =#* + Ku$Ku$ v Principal* 1esus 2 Mary Colle"e*:> ,'* D*(') H)%' C+$, '# '*(! ,'#, # B()= +)=* ) +* '*$* ,'* +*$ #! !,)* *$,#))% ,+ ,'* +)=* $*(#,* ,+ # (#$%* *=,)+ + ,'* B()=. I, # ,'*$*+$* '*(! ,'#, P$)=)#( + # $)#,* =+((*%* ) #/*#B(* ,+ $), $)!)=,)+. T'* H+GB(* $*/* C+$, +B*$*! ) ,'* =#* + P.A. Ina$dar v %tate of Maharashtra:? ,'#, 6'ducation* accepted as a useful activity hether for charity or for private* is an occupation. (evertheless* it does not cease to be a service to society.9
16
Pari$al Chakraborty v %tate ,f Me"halaya 2 ,rs.* 2000 3 -UT 441.
17
AIR 1976 D*( 35.
18
20056 CC 537.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER ;5
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY T'* H+GB(* A*? C+$, ) ,'* =#* + #ajasthan %'! v Mohan /al :4 '*(! ,'#, J&he %tate* as defined in Article :;* is thus co$prehended to include bodies created for the purpose of pro$otin" the educational and econo$ic interests of the people...9;@ I K. Krishna$acharyulu and ,rs. v %ri Venkateshara Hindu Colle"e of 'n"ineerin" and Anr.;21 ,'* A*? C+$, '# '*(! ,'#, $), *,),)+ #%#), # #)!*! $)#,* ),),,)+ ) /#),#)#B(*. I, # $,'*$ '*(! ,'#, ) *(*/*, + B()= ),*$*, ) )+(*!; ,'* ,'* $), *,),)+ #%#), $)#,* *!=#,)+#( ),),,)+ =# B* '*#$!. )=* ,') $), *,),)+ ) =+=*$*! ),' +, +(< ,'* !)/)#( + ,'* *,),)+*$; B, #(+ ),'
19
AIR 1967 C 1857 Pradeep Ku$ar !isas v Indian Institute of Che$ical !iolo"y ; 2002 5 CC 111.
20
)B)!.
21
1997 3 CC 571.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER ;4
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY ,'* =+,),,)+#(),< + R(* 10 + ,'* C+!* + C+!=,; ), ) *'*/*,(< B/),,*! B< ,'* P*,),)+*$ ,'#, ,'* ),#, =#* ); )!**!; =+=*$*! ),' # *(*/*, + B()= ),*$*,. T'*$*+$* ,'* ),#, $), *,),)+ ) /#),#)#B(*. 4.; THAT
THE
MINORIT( STATUS
OF THE
R ESPONDENT
DOESN’T AFFECT ITS STATUS AS
STATE UNDER ARTICLE 4;
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he concept of rule of la ould lose its validity if the instru$entalities of the 22
M++, P$++),)+; " 2.
23
A$,)=(* 302; C+,),,)+ + I!)#.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER ;;
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY state are not char"ed ith the duty of dischar"in" their functions in a fair and just $anner. &he reuire$ent of actin" judicially in essence is nothin" but a reuire$ent to act justly and fairly and not arbitrarily or capriciously. T'* R*+!*,; B*)% # /)+$),< *!=#,)+#( ),),,)+;25 !+* '#* # !#/*,#( $)%', ,+ /##%* #! #!/)),*$ ), ##)$;26 ')=' *?,*! ,+ /##%)% ,'*)$ ),*$#( !)=)()*. :, ,') $)%',; ()@* #< +,'*$ $)%', $+)!*! B< ,'* =+,),,)+; =+/* ),' ,'* $*,$)=,)+ ) # /=' ,'#, ,'*< !+ +, '#* # $)%', ,+ J/#(#!/)),*$. T'* R*+!*, ) # *!=#,)+#( ),),,)+ #! ,'*$*+$*; # ),$/*,#(),<27 + ,'* ,#,*. T') $)%', ,+ /##%* #! #!/)),*$ '+(! +, ,$#%$* ,'* =+,),,)+#( $*,$)=,)+. ;. )HETHER THE GOVERNING BOD( HAS THE PO)ER TO FORMULATE THE 24
A. A. Kraipak v Union of India; 7 1970 C 150.
25
22
26
A$,)=(* 30 1; C+,),,)+ + I!)#.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER ;<
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY CODE OF CONDUCT-
I, ) /+, $**=,((< B/),,*! B< ,'* P*,),)+*$ B*+$* ,') H+GB(* C+$, ,'#, ,'* -+*$)% :+!< + ,'* R*+!*, ),),,)+ '# + #,'+$),< ,+ +$/(#,* ,'* C+!* + C+!=, +$ ), ,!*,. ;.4 THAT THE GOVERNING BOD( IS AN ADVISOR( BOD(
I, ) +,*+$,'< ,'#, *=,)+ 40 + ,'* >**#,'# U)*$),< A=,; 1952 $+)!* ,'#, **$< $)#,* =+((*%* ,'#, '# B** #)()#,*! ,+ ,'* U)*$),< '#(( =+,),,* # -+*$)% :+!<; ')=' '#(( #!)* ,'* =+((*%* + #(( #!/)),$#,)* /#,,*$.28 I, =# B* )*$$*! $+/ #B+* *,*=* ,'#, ,'* -+*$)% :+!< ) /*$*(< # #!)+$< B+!< #! ,'*$*+$* ) !*+)! + +*$ ,+ +$/(#,* +$ B()' ,'* C+!* + C+!=, +$ ,!*,. )=* ,'* -+*$)% :+!< ) +(< ,'* #!)+$< B+!<; ,'*$* '# ,+ B* +/* +,'*$ #,'+$),<; ')=' *=))=#((< +$/(#,* $(* #! $*%(#,)+.
27
2
28
22.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER ;6
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY M+$*+*$; ), ) # *((*,,(*! $)=)(* + ),*$$*,#,)+ ,'#, ) =+$* + ),*$$*,#,)+ + # (*%#( $+))+; ), (#%#%* '+(! B* $*#! # ), ) #! #!!),)+B,$#=,)+ + +$! '+(! B* #+)!*!; # ,+ !+ + +(! #/+, ,+ (*%)(#,)+ #! +, ),*$$*,#,)+ Casus o$issus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
-alior #ayon %ilk Mf". Co. /td. v Custodian of Vested )orests ; AIR 1990 C 1747 (a"ar Palika (i"a$ v Krishi Upaj Mandi %a$iti* AIR 2009 C 187.
30
&MA Pai )oundation v %tate of Karnataka; 2002 8 CC 481.
31
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER ;=
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY T'* $)%', ) B*=, ,+ $*#+#B(* $*,$)=,)+ ) ,'* ),*$*, + *)=)*=< + ),$=,)+; !)=)()*; '*#(,'; #),#,)+; /+$#(),<; B()= +$!*$ #! ,'* ()@*.32 T'* +*$ ,+ $*%(#,*; !),*!(<; ) +, ()/),*!. I, '# /+$* $*,$)=,)+ ,'# $**!+/ #$,)=(#$(<; ) $*(#,)+ ,+ ,'* /##%*/*, + /)+$),< *!=#,)+#( ),),,)+.33 A(,'+%' # /)+$),< ),),,)+ '# ,'* $)%', !*$ A$,)=(* 30 ,+ /##%* #! #!/)),*$ ), ),*$#( ##)$; ), ,)(( !+*G, *,),(* ), ,+ #=, #%#), ,'* !#/*,#( + ,'* =+,),,)+. A(+; #((+)% # #!)+$< B+!< ,+ *$+$/ =,)+ B*<+! ), #=,#( +*$ )(( *, # !#%*$+ $*=*!*,; # ,'*$* )(( ,'* $*/#) + ='*=@ + ,'* +*$ + )/)(#$ ,#,,+$< B+!)*.
;.; THAT A STATUTOR( BOD( CANNOT E'CEED ITS LIMITS IN DISCHARGE
OF ITS DUTIES
A $*%(#,)+ ) # $(* +$ +$!*$ $*=$)B*! B< # *$)+$ +$ ,'* /##%*/*, + +/* B)* #! )/()* # $(* +$ %**$#( =+$* + #=,)+. R(* #! $*%(#,)+ #$* #(( =+/$)*! ) !*(*%#,*! In re0 Kerala 'ducation !ill ; AIR 1958 C 956.
32
#ev. %idhajbhai; AIR 1963 C 540 %tate of Kerala v Very #ev. Mother Provincial ; 1971 CR 1 734. 33
%indhi 'ducation %ociety v Chief %ecretary* -overn$ent of (C& of +elhi* 2010 8 CC 49.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER ;?
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY (*%)(#,)+. T'* +*$ ,+ /#@* B+$!)#,* (*%)(#,)+ ) !*$)*! $+/ ,'* *#B()% A=, #! ), ) !#/*,#( ,'#, ,'* !*(*%#,* + '+/ =' # +*$ ) =+*$$*! '# ,+ #=, ),') ,'* ()/), + #,'+$),< =+*$$*! B< ,'* A=,.34 A ,'* %**$#( $(* %+* ,'* (*%)(#,$* ) ,'* /#,*$ + +()=< #! ) ,'* !*(*%#,* ) $** ,+ ),=' +()=< ), /#< B* $#,)+ + (*%)(#,)* +*$ ),*( .35 T'* >**#,'# U)*$),< A=,; 1952; ')=' ) ,'* *#B()% A=, + ,'* -+*$)% :+!<; +(< #,'+$)* ,'* #/* ,+ %)* #!)=* + /#,,*$ $*(#,)% ,+ ,'* #!/)),$#,)+ + ,'* =+((*%*. I, !+*G, #,'+$)* ,'* -+*$)% :+!< ,+ *),'*$ +$/(#,* +$ B()' #< $(* +$ $*%(#,)+. T'*$*+$*; +$/(#,)% +$ B()')% ,'* C+!* + C+!=, ) B*<+! ,'* +*$ + ,'* -+*$)% :+!<. <.)HETHER RULE 45 IS IN VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 467 ;4 AND 4894: 9a: AND 9,: OF THE CONSTITUTION OR NOT-
34
%t. 1ohn.s &eachers &rainin" Institute v #e"ional +irector* (C&' ; 2003 3 CC 321. 35
Avinder %in"h v Punjab; AIR 1979 C 321.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER ;
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY I, ) '/B(< B/),,*! ,'#, R(* 10 + ,'* C+!* + C+!=,36 +$/(#,*! #! B()'*! B< ,'* -+*$)% :+!< + ,'* C+((*%* ) ) )+(#,)+ + #$,)=(* 14; 21; #! 191 # #! B + ,'* C+,),,)+ + I!)#; 1950. T'* #/* ) =+,*!*! B< ,'* P*,),)+*$ + ,'* %$+! ,'#, +((+. <.4 THAT R ULE 45 R ESTRICTS
THE R IGHT TO FREEDOM UNDER ARTICLE 48
I ,'* =#* + #o$esh &happar v %tate of Madras;37 P#,##() #,$); C.>. +B*$*! # +((+ JF$**!+/ + **=' (#< #, ,'* +!#,)+ + #(( !*/+=$#,)= +$%#)#,)+; +$ ),'+, $** +(),)=#( !)=)+ + B()= *!=#,)+; + **,)#( +$ ,'* $+*$ =,)+)% + ,'* $+=* + +(#$ %+*$/*,; ) +)B(*.
36
M++, P$++),)+; "1. 37
AIR 1950 C 124.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER ;
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY I Maneka -andhi v Union of India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
38
1978 1 CC 248. 39
C+),,)+ + I!)#; 1950. 40
IB)!.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER ;8
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY A==+$!)% ,+ ,'* C+,),,)+ + I!)#; 1950 # $*,$)=,)+ + ,'* R)%', ,+ F$**!+/ /#< B* )/+*! !*$ A$,)=(* 192 ')=' $+)!* +$ $*#+#B(* $*,$)=,)+. A$,)=(* 192 ,#,* 6 (othin" in sub clause Ba of clause B: shall affect the operation of any e7istin" la* or prevent the %tate fro$ $akin" any la* in so far as such la i$poses reasonable restrictions on the e7ercise of the ri"ht conferred by the said sub clause in the interests of the soverei"nty and inte"rity of India* the security of the %tate* friendly relations ith forei"n %tates* public order* decency or $orality or in relation to conte$pt of court* defa$ation or incite$ent to an offence9 I, ) $**=,((< B/),,*! ,'#, # %)$( #! # B+< ),,)% ,+%*,'*$ + ,'* #/* B*=' ) # *!=#,)+#( ),),,)+ !+* +, ='#((*%* +$ ,'$*#,* +*$*)%,< #! ),*%$),< + I!)#; ,'* *=$),< + ,'* ,#,*; $)*!(< $*(#,)+ ),' +$*)% ,#,*; B()= +$!*$; !*=*=< +$ /+$#(),< +$ ) $*(#,)+ ,+ =+,*/, + =+$,; !*#/#,)+ +$ )=),*/*, ,+ # +*=*. T' R(* 1041 !+* +, #(( !*$ ,'* $*#+#B(* $*,$)=,)+ ,'#, =# B* , + A$,)=(* 19 #! ), ) /+, '/B(< =+,*!*! ,'#, ,'* $*,$)=,)+ , B< R(* 10 ) )+(#,)* + ,'* !#/*,#( $)%', ,+ $**!+/.
;.; THAT R ULE 45 IS ARBITRAR( AND FAILS TEST OF R EASONABLENESS
I, ) *'*/*,(< #$%*! ,'#, R(* 10 #)( ,'* ,*, + $*#+#B(** ) Chinta$an #ao v &he %tate of Madhya Pradesh=; *! B< ,'* $*/* C+$,.
41
M++, P$++),)+; "2.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER <5
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY T'* #/* ,*, # $*=*,(< *! ) %hreya %in"hal v Union of India=< #! *=,)+ 66A + IT A=,; 2002. A **>!%* :*=' !*=))+ ) Pathu$$a and ,rs. v %tate of Kerala and ,rs.*== '*(! T'* +((+)% ,*, '#* B** (#)! !+ ,+ !*=)!* ) '#, #$,)=(#$ =)$=/,#=* # $*,$)=,)+ =# B* $*%#$!*! # $*#+#B(*
#
I !%)% ,'* $*#+#B(** + ,'* $*,$)=,)+ ,'* =+$, '# ,+ B*#$ ) /)! ,'* D)$*=,)* P$)=)(* + ,#,* P+()=<.
42
AIR 1951 C 118. 43
W.P. C$(. N+. 167 + 2012. 44
1978 2 CR 537.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER <4
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY B
T'* $*,$)=,)+ /, +, B* #$B),$#$< +$ + # *?=*)* #,$* + # ,+ %+ B*<+! ,'* $*)$*/*, + ,'* ),*$*, + ,'* %**$#( B()=. T'* (*%)(#,$* /, ,#@* ),*(()%*, =#$* #! !*()B*$#,)+ ) ='++)% ,'* =+$* ')=' ) !)=,#,*! B< $*#+ #! %++! =+=)*=* + # to strike a just balance beteen the freedo$ in the article and the social control *$/),,*! B< ,'* $*,$)=,)+ !*$ ,'* #$,)=(*.
=
T'* C+$, ) ,+ *?#/)* ,'* #,$* #! *?,*,; ,'* $+$, #! =+,*, + ,'* $)%',; ,'* #,$* + ,'* *)( +%', ,+ B* $*/*!)*! B< ,'* ,#,,*; ,'* $#,)+ + '#$/ =#*! ,+ ,'* =),)* #! ,'* B**), =+*$$*! + ,'* *$+ +$ ,'* =+//),< +$ '+* B**), ,'* (*%)(#,)+ ) #*!.
!
T'*$* /, B* # !)$*=, #! $+?)/#,* *? +$ # $*#+#B(* =+*=,)+ B*,** ,'* $*,$)=,)+ )/+*! #! ,'* +B*=, ')=' ) +%', ,+ B* #=')**!.
T'; #< =+!* + =+!=, /#!* B< # #,'+$),< ')=' )+(#,* !#/*,#( $)%',; /, # ,'* ,*, + $*#+#B(** #! ,'* =+$, /, =+)!*$ ,'* *)( +%', B* =$*! B< ), #! ,'* +B*=, ')=' ) +%', ,+ B* #=')**!. I, ) $%*! ,'#, R(* 10 /#!* )+=*,(< ),,)% ,+%*,'*$ + ,'* #/* B*=' # *)( )'#B(* B< ,'* #,'+$),)* ) !*$+%#,)+ + ,'* D)$*=,)* P$)=)(* + ,#,* P+()=< #! F!#/*,#( D,)* ,+ $#)* ,#!#$! + ())% #! $+/+,)% # =)*,))= ,*/*$ #! #)( ,'* ,*, + $*#+#B(** #! )+(#,* #$,)=(* 14 + ,'* C+,),,)+ + I!)#; 1950. ;.< THAT R ULE 45 IS VIOLATIVE OF ARTICLE ;4
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER <;
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY I )rancis Coralie Mullin v &he Ad$inistrator* Union &erritory of +elhi and ,rs.*=D ,'* $*/* C+$, '*(! # +((+ 6Article ;: reuires that no one shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty e7cept by procedure established by la and this procedure $ust be reasonable* fair and just and not arbitrary* hi$sical or fanciful.9 I #+,'*$ =#* + ,l"a &ellis and others v !o$bay Municipal Corporation and ,rs.* =E ), # $,'*$ +B*$*! 61ust as a $ala fide act has no e7istence in the eye of la* even so* unreasonableness vitiates la and procedure alike9. I M. Vijaya v &he Chair$an* %in"areni Collieries and ,rs.*=> T'* $*/* C+$, '*(! 45
AIR 1981 C 746. 46
AIR 1986 C 180. 47
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER <<
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY 6It is ell settled that ri"ht to life "uaranteed under Article ;: is not $ere ani$al e7istence. It is a ri"ht to enjoy all faculties of life. As a necessary corollary* ri"ht to life includes ri"ht to healthy life.5 T'; ,'* $)%', ,+ # '*#(,'< ()*; '<)=#((<; +=)#((< #! */+,)+#((< ) =+*$*! !*$ ,'* R)%', ,+ L)* #! P*$+#( L)B*$,<.48 I, ) $%*! ) ,'* ()%', + ,'* #B+*/*,)+*! =#*; ,'#, R(* 10 ) #$B),$#$<; $*#+#B(* *?=*)*; #! )+(#,)* + A$,)=(* 21 + ,'* C+,),,)+ + I!)#. 6.
)HETHER
THE
PUNISHMENT
DIPROPORTIONATE
TO
THE
IMPOSED GRAVIT(
ON OF
THE
PETITIONERS
THE
IS
ALLEGED
MISCONDUCT OR NOT-
T'* =+*( +$ ,'* P*,),)+*$ '/B(< B/), B*+$* ,') H+GB(* C+$, ,'#, ,'* +$!*$ +$ *?()+ + ,'* *,),)+*$ $+/ =+((*%* ) /#(# )!* #! B#! ) (# )=* ,'* !*=))+ /#@)% $+=* *$*! $+/ **$#( )$$**$)B(* )$$*%(#$),)*. T'* *?()+ $*(,*! ) %$+ )+(#,)+ + ,'* !#/*,#( $)%', + ,'* *,),)+*$. T'* *,),)+*$ *$* $*$)**! + $*#+#B(* ++$,),< ')=' $*(,*! ) ,'* )+(#,)+ + ,'* $)=)(* + #,$#( ,)=*. 6.4 THAT THE PUNISHMENT
IS IN VIOLATION OF DOCTRINE OF PROPORTIONALIT(
I, ) '/B(< B/),,*! ,'#, ,'* =+((*%* #,'+$),)* B<#*! ,'* !+=,$)* + $++$,)+#(),< ')(* !*=)!)% ,'* )'/*,. T'* *#(,< )/+*! /, B* =+//*$#,* ),' ,'* %$#),< + ,'*
2001 5 ALD 522. 48
A$,)=(* 21; C+,),,)+ + I!)#; 1950.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER <6
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY /)=+!=, #! ,'#, #< *#(,< !)$++$,)+#,* ,+ ,'* %$#),< + ,'* /)=+!=, +(! B* )+(#,)* + A$,)=(* 14 + ,'* C+,),,)+ + I!)#; 1950. 49 T'* !+=,$)* + $++$,)+#(),< ) # $)=)(* ,'#, #()* ,+ # !*=))+ ')=' ) + +,$#%*+ ) ), !*)#=* + (+%)= +$ + #==*,*! /+$#( ,#!#$! ,'#, + *)B(* *$+ '+ #()*! ') /)! ,+ ,'* *,)+ ,+ B* !*=)!*! =+(! '#* #$$)*! #, ),.50 T'* $)=)(* + $++$,)+#(),< ) )'*$*, ) =#* + )'/*,. T'* $*/* C+$, + I!)# =+=)+(< =+)!*$*! ,'* #()=#,)+ + ,'* =+=*, + $++$,)+#(),< +$ ,'* )$, ,)/* ) ,'* =#* + Union of India v -. -anayutha$.D: B**,(< =#/* ,'* '),+$)= !*=))+ + ,'* $*/* C+$, ) ,$ku$ar v Union of IndiaD;. I, # ) ,') =#* ,'#, ,'* $*/* C+$, #==*,*! ,'* #()=#,)+ + $++$,)+#(),< !+=,$)* ) I!)#. T'* #()=#,)+ + ,'* !+=,$)* +
49
!ha"at #a$ v %tate of Hi$achal Pradesh MANUC03221983. 50
Associated Picture House v ednesbury Corporation 1947 2 A(( ER 680 CA. 51
1997 7 CC 463.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER <=
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY $++$,)+#(),< '+(! +, B* B<#*! ) ,'* ),#, =#* )=* ), ) #($*#!< # )!*(< #==*,*! !+=,$)*. T'* C+,),,)+ :*=' ) '.P. #oyappa v %tate of &a$il (aduD< '*(! JW'*$* )'/*, ) !)=)()#$< =#* #$* ='#((*%*!; *,)+ )(( B* '*,'*$ ,'* #!/)),$#,)* +$!*$ ) $#,)+#( +$ $*#+#B(* #! ,'* ,*, ,'* ) ,'* W*!*B$< T*,. T'* #=,)+ + ,'* =+((*%* ) *),'*$ $#,)+#( #! #)( ,+ # ,'* W*!*B$< T*, (#)! !+ ) ,'* =#* + Associated Provincial Picture Houses /td. v ednesbury CorporationD= '*$* ,'* C+$, '*(!
52
2000 20 CD 380. 53
1974 4 CC 3 1974 CC L& 165. 54
1948 1 K: 223.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY JT+ '#* ,'* $)%', ,+ ),*$**; ,'* =+$, +(! '#* ,+ =+=(!* ,'#, 1. ) /#@)% ,'* !*=))+; ,'* !**!#, ,++@ ),+ #==+, #=,+$ ,'#, +%', +, ,+ '#* B** ,#@* ),+ #==+,; +$ 2. ,'* !**!#, #)(*! ,+ ,#@* ),+ #==+, #=,+$ ,'#, +%', ,+ '#* B** ,#@* ),+ #==+,; +$ 3. ,'* !*=))+ # + $*#+#B(* ,'#, + $*#+#B(* #,'+$),< +(! **$ =+)!*$ )/+)% ),. T'* !*=))+ + ,'* =+((*%* #,'+$),)* ,+ *?*( ,'* *,),)+*$ #)( %$#*(< ,+ # ,'* $)=)(* (#)! !+ ) W*!*B$< T*,. I !.C. Chaturvedi v Union of India and ,rs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
1995 6 CC 749.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER <
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY '+$,* ,'* (),)%#,)+; ), /#< ),*(; ) *?=*,)+#( #! $#$* =#*; )/+* #$+$)#,* )'/*, ),' =+%*, $*#+ ) +$, ,'*$*+. T'* )'/*, )/+*! + ,'* *,),)+*$; ),'+, #< !+B, '# ,'* ),*),< ,+ '+=@ ,'* =+=)*=* + ,'* H)%' C+$,. T'*$*+$*; ,'* H+GB(* C+$, '# ,'* +*$ ,+ $*=,)< ,'* %$#* )'/*, )/+*! + ,'* *,),)+*$. T'* *,),)+*$ #(+ =+,*! ,'#, ,'* *,),)+*$ !**$*! (**$ )'/*, ** ) ,'* #((*%*! /)=+!=, ) $+* #%#), ,'*/ # ),,)% ,+%*,'*$ ) ,'* #/* B*=' '+(! ) + #< B* =+,$*! # # **$* )+(#,)+ + ,'* =+!* + =+!=, #! /+$* +*$ '+(! +, (*#! ,+ ,'* *?()+ $+/ ,'* ),),,)+. E?()+ + ,!*, $+/ # *!=#,)+#( ),),,)+ =# '#* #$ $*#=')% =+**=* #! !*,$)/*,#( =+**=*. T'* #,'+$),)* =+(! '#* ,#@* # !)*$*, $*+$, ()@* )#=* + #$)% *)+ +$ # '+$, *$)+! +$ ** +$ (+%*$ *$)+! B, *?()+ ) +, =+//*$#,* ),' ,'* %$#),< + ,'* #((*%*! /)=+!=,. 6.; VIOLATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL JUSTICE
T'* +$!*$ #*! B< ,'* P$)=)#( ) #$B),$#$< #! =#$)=)+; #%#), # (( $(* + #,$#( ,)=* # ,'* =+((*%* #)(*! ,+ ()(( ,'* B#)= **,)#( + #,$#( ,)=*. T'* *,),)+*$ *$* +, *$*! ),' ,'* +,)=*. T'* $)=)(* + audi altera$ parte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
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER <
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY )()=,)% %$#* )'/*, + ,'* *,),)+*$.56 H*=*; ,'* *,),)+*$ B/), ,'#, ,'* $)=)(* + #,$#( ,)=* *$* )+(#,*! ) ,'* ),#,. T'* H++$#B(* $*/* C+$, #,*$ !)=)% ,'* /#,,*$ + #)($* + #,$#( ,)=* ) ,'* =#* + %tate !ank ,f Patiala v %.K.%har$aD> !),)%)'*! B*,** ,+ ),#,)+ J1. here there is a total violation of natural justice* i.e.F here no opportunity of hearin" has been "ivenF here there has been no noticeG no hearin" at allF and ;. here a facet of natural justice has been violated. i.e. here there has not been adeuate opportunity of hearin"* or here a fair hearin" is lackin". In #id"e v. !aldin* the Court that breach of the principles of natural justice is in itself sufficient to "rant relief and that no further de facto prejudice need be shon.9 I ,'* ),#, =#*; +* + ,'* #=*, + #,$#( ,)=* '# B** )+(#,*! )=* ,'* =+((*%* !)! +, *$* ,'* +,)=* ,+ ,'* *,),)+*$ (*#!)% ,+ ,'* )+(#,)+ + #,$#( ,)=*. I ,'* =#* + Kuldeep Ku$ar Pathak v %tate of U.P. and ,rs.D?; ,'* ),*$/*!)#,* $*(, + ,'* ,!*, # =#=*((*! B< ,'* B+#$! #,*$ 10 <*#$ ),'+, *$)% #< +,)=* ,+ ,'* B+<. T'* =+$, '*(! ,'#, ), ) ,'* )+(#,)+ + #,$#( ,)=*. 56
Md. Mobashashir %arar Vs. 1a$ia Millia Isla$ia and ,rs. MANUDE07942012. 57
AIR 1996 C 1669.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER <8
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY H+**$; #)($* ,+ +((+ ,'* *(( ,$+!!* #,' + ))% + +,)=* ,+ '+ =#* ,+ ,'* *,),)+*$. D* $+=* + (# B< ))% # +,)=* ,+ '+ =#* ,+ ,'* *,),)+*$ #! *,,)% +, #(( ,'* I, ) '/B(< B/),,*! B< ,'* *,),)+*$ ,'#, ,'* #)($* ) *$)% ,'* +,)=* B*)% +* + ,'* #=*, + )+(#,)+ + #)$ ,$)#(. =. )HETHER THERE IS AN ERROR OF LA) APPARENT ON THE FACE OF RECORD-
=.4 THAT THE IN&UIR( COMMISSION
DID NOT CONSIDER CROSSE'AMINATION
I, ) B/),,*! ,'#, !$)% '*$ =$+*?#/)#,)+; #$/)(# :#) /))!*,))*! # 5 00 $** +,* +$ # 100 $** +,*.59 T') +), *),'*$ ,+ '*$ *)(),< +$ )/#)$*! ))+; B+,' #! *),'*$ + ')=' !)#()< '*$ # # $*()#B(* ),*. I, ) /+, $**=,((< B/),,*! ,'#, ) #< *#( $+=**!)%; !)=)#(; #!/)),$#,)* +$ !)=)()#$<; B#)= $)=)(* + #,$#( ,)=* /, B* +B*$*! ')=' )=(!* # #)$ ,$)#( #! audi altera$ parte$ ')=' /*# +, +(< B*)% %)* # ++$,),< ,+ B* '*#$!; B, ,'+* #$%/*, #! *)!*=* $+*$(< ,#@* ),+ =+)!*$#,)+. 58
MANUC00042016 59
M++, P$++),)+; " 3.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 65
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY T'* +(< *)!*=* ) ,') /#,,*$ ) ,'* ,*,)/+< + # $*()#B(* ),* #! +, # '$*! + #< +,'*$ *)!*=* ')=' ) )+(#,)* + ,'* $)=)(* + #,$#( ,)=*. I Maneka -andhi v Union of India;60 C '*(! 6Art. ;: ould no lon"er $ean that la could prescribe so$e se$blance of procedure hoever arbitrary or fanciful* to deprive a person of his personal liberty. It no $eans that the procedure $ust satisfy certain reuisites in the sense of bein" fair and reasonable. &he procedure 6cannot be arbitrary* unfair or unreasonable.9 T'; ), ) /+, $**=,((< B/),,*! ,'#, ,'* '*#$)% #+$!*! ,+ ,'* P*,),)+*$ # )+(#,)* + $)=)(* + #,$#( ,)=* # ,'* =+//))+ !)! +, =+)!*$ ,'* =$+*?#/)#,)+. =.; THAT THE DISMISSAL
ORDER DATED ;8.58.4= )AS A NONSPEA>ING ORDER
I &arachand v Municipal Corporation*E: # #),#, ,*#='*$ # !)/)*! + ,'* %$+! + /+$#( ,$),!*. T'* I)$< ((< *,#B()'*! ,'* ='#$%*. T'* A,. E!=#,)+ C+//))+*$ =+)$/*! ,'* $*+$, + %))% $*#+. T'* C '*(! ,'#, '*$* ,'* !)=)()#$< #,'+$),< !)#%$** ),' ,'* $*+$, + ,'* ))$< +)=*$; ), /, ,#,* ,'* $*#+. 60
38 61
AIR 1977 AIR 567.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 64
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY I ,'* ),#, =#*; ,'* I)$< C+//))+62 !)! +, %)* #< $*#+ # ,+ '< ), *?*((*! ,'* ,!*, !*),* ,'*)$ +(< B*)% +* )*=* + *)!*=* ). # $*()#B(* ),*. I, ) *'*/*,(< #$%*! ,'#, =' # $*+$, ) B#! ) (#. T'; ,'* R*+!*, $%* ,'#, ,'* $*+$, + ,'* I)$< C+//))+ B* #'*! !* ,+ *$$+$ ##$*, + ,'* #=* + ,'* $*=+$!.
62
M++, P$++),)+; "3.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 6;
27TH ALL I NDIA MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2016 FOR THE K ERALA LAW ACADEMY TROPHY
PRA(ER
W'*$*+$*; ) ,'* ()%', + #=, *,#B()'*!; )* $#)*!; (*#!)% #!#=*!; #! #,'+$),)* =),*!; ), ) /+, '/B(< B/),,*! B*+$* ,') H+GB(* C+$, ,'#, ), /#< B* (*#*! ,+
1. HOLD ,'#, ,'* $), *,),)+ ) /#),#)#B(*.
2. SET ASIDE ,'* !)/)#( +$!*$ #%#), ,'* P*,),)+*$ #! $*),#,* ,'*/ ) ,'* =+((*%* ) ,'*)$ $**=,)* =+$* ),' + (+ + #,,*!#=* )=$$*! ! $)% #B*=*.
3. DECLARE ,'#, ,'* -+*$)% :+!< #=,)% +,)!* + ), #)%*! +*$ !*$ ,'* >**#,'# U)*$),< A=,; 1952.
A! # #< +$!*$ ,'#, ), !**/ ), ) ,'* ),*$*, + + ,)=*. A(( + ')=' ) $**=,((< B/),,*!.
MEMORANDUM DRA)N AND FILED B( THE PETITIONER 6<
