Diterbitkan Oleh :
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
2FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
PT FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
KLASIFIKASI MASSA BATUAN Author:
Editor:
IrG!tEra Se"a#an
Pan$% S&e'ra't&
Director Enineerin PT Focon Anun K!r$!
M!r"e#n M!n!er PT Focon Anun K!r$!
Co%!uthor&:
M I(a( Ta%)k* ST
G%!t%! Tri+ah,&* ST
Geo'ech!nic!( Enineer PT Focon Anun K!r$!
E)!'iner A&&e&&'ent No**(e'!n EFNARC PT Focon Anun K!r$!
D&an$, Y&nathan -ibi!&n&* ST
IrOkk, Chan$ra Per$ana* ST
Geo'ech!nic!( Enineer PT Focon Anun K!r$!
Minin Enineer PT Focon Anun K!r$!
C,rill%! Arth%r Sa'%tra* ST
-ah,%$i S%l.an* ST
Ci+i( Enineer PT Focon Anun K!r$!
Minin Enineer PT Focon Anun K!r$!
,-on&ored .$: PT FOCON ANGGUN KARYA PT SIKA INDONESIA PT ANGGUN PERMAI TEKINDO
/C&',ri0ht PT F&+&n An00%n Kar,a* En0ineerin0 De'art(ent* 1234
2FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
PT FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
KLASIFIKASI MASSA BATUAN Author:
Editor:
IrG!tEra Se"a#an
Pan$% S&e'ra't&
Director Enineerin PT Focon Anun K!r$!
M!r"e#n M!n!er PT Focon Anun K!r$!
Co%!uthor&:
M I(a( Ta%)k* ST
G%!t%! Tri+ah,&* ST
Geo'ech!nic!( Enineer PT Focon Anun K!r$!
E)!'iner A&&e&&'ent No**(e'!n EFNARC PT Focon Anun K!r$!
D&an$, Y&nathan -ibi!&n&* ST
IrOkk, Chan$ra Per$ana* ST
Geo'ech!nic!( Enineer PT Focon Anun K!r$!
Minin Enineer PT Focon Anun K!r$!
C,rill%! Arth%r Sa'%tra* ST
-ah,%$i S%l.an* ST
Ci+i( Enineer PT Focon Anun K!r$!
Minin Enineer PT Focon Anun K!r$!
,-on&ored .$: PT FOCON ANGGUN KARYA PT SIKA INDONESIA PT ANGGUN PERMAI TEKINDO
/C&',ri0ht PT F&+&n An00%n Kar,a* En0ineerin0 De'art(ent* 1234
/FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
Thi& docu'ent i& the e)c(u&i+e -ro-ert$ o0 PT Focon Anun K!r$!1 The u&er o0 thi& docu'ent i& e)-re&&($ -rohiited 0ro' co-$in or3 in !n$ '!nner re-roducin it3 4ho(($ or -!rt($3 4ithout the -rior 4ri5en con&ent o0 PT Focon Anun K!r$!3 Ground Enineerin De-!rt'ent1 An$ !u&e o0 the&e con&tr!int& '!$ i+e ri&e to (e!( -roceedin&1 6&t edi#on3 M!rch 27683 677 co-ie&1
DAFTAR DAFTAR I,I I ,I
9FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
I. PENDAHULUAN Metode r!nc!n!n e'-iri& erhuun!n den!n -en!(!'!n -r!"#& $!n di-ero(eh d!ri -ro$e"%-ro$e" &ee(u'n$! untu" 'en!n#&i-!&i "ondi&i d!ri (o"!&i -ro$e" $!n diu&u("!n K(!&i"!&i '!&&! !tu!n 'eru-!"!n ci"!( !"!( d!ri -ende"!t!n r!nc!n!n e'-eiri&% d!n diun!"!n &ec!r! (u!& di d!(!' re"!$!&! !tu!n1 D!(!' "en$!t!!nn$!3 di!n$!" -ro$e"3 -ende"!t!n "(!&i;i"!&i diun!"!n &e!!i d!&!r -r!"#& untu" 'er!nc!n &tru"tur di !4!h t!n!h $!n "o'-(e"&1 K(!&i"!&i '!&&! !tu!n #d!" di!un!"!n &e!!i -en!n# untu" r!nc!n!n re"!$!&!1 Tet!-i h!ru& diun!"!n er&!'!%&!'! den!n 'etode o&er+!&i d!n !n!(i#" untu" 'e'0or'u(!&i"!n &ec!r! 'en$e(uruh r!nc!n!n $!n r!&ion!(3 $!n coco" den!n tuenineerin de&in?1 @1 Me'eri"!n d!&!r u'u' untu" "o'uni"!&i di!nt!r! -!r! in&in$ur d!n eo(oi4!n1 Untu" 'enc!-!i tu
=FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
61 Menin"!t"!n "u!(it!& d!ri -en$e(idi"!n (!-!n!n >&ite in+er#!#on? den!n 'e'int! d!t! '!&u"!n $!n 'ini'u' &e!!i -!r!'eter "(!&i"!&i1 21 Me'eri"!n in0or'!&i "u!n#t!#0 untu" tu
I.1 SEJARAH DAN SISTEM - SISTEM KLASIFIKASI MASSA BATUAN Ke!n$!"!n (u!n u"!!n >tero4on!n? &e"!r!n di!nun erd!&!r"!n eer!-! &i&te' "(!&i"!&i '!&&! !tu!n1 ,e-er# $!n !n$!" diun!"!n d!n $!n -!(in !i" di"et!hui !d!(!h "(!&i"!&i e!n !tu!n Ter*!hi1 K(!&i"!&i ini &ud!h di-er"en!("!n (eih d!ri 97 t!hun $!n (!(u >Ter*!hi3 69@?1 T!hun 687 "(!&i"!&i Ter*!hi di'odi"!&i Deere d!n "!4!n%"!4!n d!n 'e'u!t "(!&i"!&i &i&te' !ru1 ,i&te' "(!&i"!&i ini 'e'-er"en!("!n te"no(oi -en$!n! !tu!n $!n dieri n!'! Broc" o(t d!n B&horcrete3 $!n diun!"!n dier!!i -ro$e"3 &e-er# di tero4on!n3 ru!n !4!h t!n!h3 t!'!n3 (eren d!n Pond!&i1 ,!!t ini terd!-!t er!!i &i&te' "(!&i"!&i '!&&! !tu!n d!n !&-e" -ener!-!nn$!3 $!itu : 61
Roc" Lo!d >Ter*!hi3 U,A 69@?3 untu" -enero4on!n den!n 'e'-er"ir!"!n e!n !tu!n $!n di&!n! den!n -en$!n! !&e"!r!n di-!"!i h!n$! &e!!i to-i" !h!&!n teori#& &!
21
,t!nd%u- #'e >L!uer3 Au&tri!3 6=?3 untu" -enero4on!n1 K(!&i"!&i ini did!&!r"!n h!&i( "er6=7? d!n 'eru-!"!n (!n"!h '!
/1
Ne4 Au&tri!n Tunne(in Method >NATM3 P!cher d!n "!4!n%"!4!n3 Au&tri!3 6@9?3 untu" -enero4on!n1 Metode NATM 'eru-!"!n -ende"!t!n &!in#" e'-iri"3 $!n 'e(i!t"!n -en!(!'!n -r!"te" $!n di&eut Be'-eric!( di'e&ionin >R!ce4ic*3 6@9?1 Ini 'eru-!"!n d!&!r teori#& $!n 'e(i!t"!n huun!n !nt!r! te!n!n d!n de0or'!&i di &e"e(i(in tero4on!n >(eih di"en!( den!n "on&e- round%re!c#on?1 P!d! !4!(n$! ini 'eru-!"!n d!&!r teori#& $!n dieri"!n o(eh Fenne d!n K!&tner1 Ke'udi!n 'etode ini di"e'!n"!n den!n 'enun!"!n in&tru'en in%&itu d!n -e'!nt!u!n $!n c!nih d!n 'eninter-ret!&i"!n -enu"ur!n &ec!r! &!in#"1
91
Roc" u!(it$ De&in!#on >RD3 Deere d!n "!4!n%"!4!n3 U,A3 6@8?3 untu" Bcore (oin d!n -enero4on!n1 RD !d!(!h 'odi"!&i d!ri -er&ent!&e d!ri -ero(eh!n in# $!n utuh den!n -!n
@FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
'eniden#"!&i d!er!h !tu!n d!n "u!(it!&n$!3 &ehin! d!-!t di-utu&"!n untu" 'en!'!h -e'or!n !t!u -e"er
Roc" ,tructure R!#n >R,R3 ic"'!n d!n "!4!n%"!4!n3 U,A3 682?3 untu" -enero4on!n1 Kon&eR,R 'e'!nd!n du! -!r!'eter u'u' d!ri 0!"tor $!n 'e'-un$!i -eri(!"u '!&&! !tu!n di d!(!' tero4on!n $!itu -!r!'eter eo(oi d!n -!r!'eter "on&tru"&i1
@1
Roc" M!&&! R!#n ,$&te' >RMR%,$&te'3 .ieni!4&"i3 A0ri"! ,e(!t!n3 68/?3 untu" -enero4on!n3 t!'!n3 (eren d!n -ond!&i1 RMR%,$&te' 'enun!"!n en!' -!r!'eter untu" 'eni(!i "u!(it!& '!&&! !tu!n $!itu "u!t te"!n !tu!n3 RD3
81
%,$&te' >.!rton3 Lien3 Lunde3 Nor4!$3 689?3 untu" -enero4on!n d!n ru!n !4!h t!n!h1 K(!&i"!&i ini
1
Roc" M!&&! Inde) >P!('&tro'3 Nor4!$3 6=?3 untu" Broc" enineerin3 e+!(u!&i -en$!n!3 '!&u"!n d!(!' 'e"!ni"! !tu!n1 D!(!' &$&te' ini
'e'!&u""!n -!r!'eter "u!t te"!n
uni!"&i!( '!teri!( !tu!n d!n &et "e"!r >id!n di&"on#nuit!&?1
N&te : ,i&te' di"e'!n"!n "hu&u&n$! untu" tero4on!n d!n ru!n !4!h t!n!h3 &ed!n"!n "(!&i"!&i eo'e"!ni"! >RMR? 4!(!u-un !4!in$! di"e'!n"!n untu" tero4on!n3 d!-!t diun!"!n untu" roc" &(o-e& d!n -ond!&i -eni(!i!n round ri--!i(it$3 '!&!(!h%'!&!(!h di -ert!'!n!n >L!ud&cher3 6883 Gho&e d!n R!
8FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
Tabel 3 Kla!i)ka!i Ma!!a Bat%an ,an0 !aat ini ban,ak $i0%nakan Na(e &. Cla!!i)+a"&n 61 Roc" (o!d
Ter*!hi3 69@
C&%ntr, &. Ori0in U,A
21 ,t!nd%u- #'e
L!uer3 6=
Au&tri!
Tunne(& 4ith &tee( &u--ort Tunne(in
/1 NADA
P!cher et !((13 6@9
Au&tri!
Tunne((in
91 Roc" u!(it$ De&in!#on =1 R,R conce-t
Deete et !(13 682
U,A
ic"h'!n et !(13 682
U,A
Core (oin3 tunne(in Tunne(in
@1 RMR &$&te'
.ieni!4&"i3 68/
,outh
A0ric!
L!&t 'odied3 68%U,A e!+er3 68= L!u&cher3 688 O(i+ier3 68 Gho&e !nd R!
,outh ,outh ,outh Indi! ,-!in U,A
A0ric! A0ric! A0ric!
>Geo'echn!nic&3 C(!&&ic!#on?
Ori0inat&r an$ Date
N!"!o et !(13 6/ ,er!' !nd Pereir!3 6/ Gon*!(e* de !((e
Ro'!n!3 6= Ne4'!n3 6= ,!nd!"36= ,'ith3 6@ en"!te&4!r(u3 6@ Roert&on3 6
J!-!n Portu!( ,-!in U,A
Tunne(&3 'ine&3 &(o-e& Found!#on& Ri--!i(it$ Minin e!ther!i(it$ Co!( Minin Tunne(in H!rd roc" 'inin Tunne(in Found!#on& Tunne(in Roo0 o(#n in co!( 'ine& ,(o-e &t!i(it$ Co!( 'inin .ore!i(it$ Dree!i(it$ Co!( 'inin ,(o-e &t!i(it$
,-!in U,A U,A U,A Indi! C!n!d!
81 %,$&te'
.!rton et !(13 689
Nor4!$
% &$&te' e)ten&ion&
Kir&ten3 62 Kir&ten3 6/ Fr!n"(in3 68= Intern!#on!( ,ociet$ 0or Roc" 'ech!nic&3 66
,outh A0ric! ,outh A0ric! C!n!d!
1 ,trenht%&i*e 1 .!&ic eotechnic!( De&cri-#on
A''li+a"&n!
Tunne(&3 ch!'er& E)c!+!i(it$ Tunne(in Tunne(in Gener!( co''unic!#on
FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
671 Unied c(!&&ic!#on
i((i!'&on3 69
U,A
Gener!( co''unic!#on
II. ROCK MASS RATING (RMR) Rock Mass Ratng Sysem (RMR) !t!u .ieni!4&"i3 68?1 Metod! "(!&i"!&i RMR 'eru-!"!n 'etod! $!n &ederh!n! d!(!' -enun!!n$! d!n -!r!'eter%-!r!'eter $!n diun!"!n d!(!' 'etode ini d!-!t di-ero(eh !i" d!ri d!t! (u!n '!u-un d!ri -e'et!!n &tru"tur !4!h t!n!h1 Metod! ini d!-!t di!-(i"!&i"!n d!n di&e&u!i"!n untu" &itu!&i $!n ered!%ed! &e-er# t!'!n !tu!r!3 t!'!n -!d! !tu!n "u!t >hard rock ?3 "e&t!i(!n (eren3 "e&t!i(!n -ond!&i3 d!n untu" "!&u& tero4on!n1 D!(!' 'ener!-"!n &i&te' ini3 '!&&! !tu!n di!i 'enUCS? !tu!n !. Roc" u!(it$ De&in!#on >R"#? $. %oin spacing !t!u &-!&i id!n di&"on#nu &. Kondi&i id!n di&"on#nu '. Kondi&i d!ri grond aer K!ren! -!r!'eter ter&eut d!-!t di-ero(eh d!ri (u!n or3 -en$e(idi"!n di (!-!n!n !i" di -er'u"!!n '!u-un di !4!h t!n!h1 Ad! en!' (!n"!h d!(!' 'enun!"!n "(!&i"!&i eo'e"!ni"! >&i&te' RMR?:
FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
61 Menhitun oot >r!#n? tot!( d!(!' t!e( 81@1 ,e&u!i den!n "ondi&i (!-!n!n $!n &een!rn$!3 $!"ni den!n 'en
3
K%at Tekan Bat%an Ut%h
Selan0 Nilai Untu" ni(!i $!n "eci( di -!"!i h!&i( UC,
PLI 5MPa6
67
9 % 67
29
6%2
UCS 5MPa6
2=7
677 277
=7 677
2= =7
=%2=
6%=
6
Pe(b&b&tan
6=
62
8
9
2
6
7
R7D 586
7 677
8= 7
=7 8=
2= % =7
2=
Pe(b&b&tan
27
68
6/
/
arak Di!k&n"n%ita!
2'
73@ 2 '
277 % @77 ''
@7 277 ''
@7 ''
Pe(b&b&tan
27
6=
67
=
K&n$i!i Di!k&n"n%ita!
Per'u"!!n &!n!t "!&!r3 #d!" 'eneru&3 #d!" ren!n3 #d!" (!-u"
A!" "!&!r3 &e-!r!&i 6 ''3 !!" (!-u"
A!" "!&!r3 &e-!r!&i 6 ''3 &!n!t (!-u"
,(i"en&idedou e = ''3 !t!u &e-!r!&i 6 = ''3 'eneru&
Goue (un!" = ''3 !t!u &e-!r!&i = ''3 'eneru&
Pe(b&b&tan
/7
2=
27
67
7
Aliran = 32 ( 'an>an0 t%nnel 5L=(in6
Tid!" !d!
67
67 2=
2= 62=
62=
Tekanan '&ri $iba0i te0an0an %ta(a
7
736
736 732
732 73=
73=
Kea$aan U(%(
Kerin
Le'!
.!&!h
Menete&
Men!(ir
6=
67
8
9
7
1
9
;
<
h a n a t r i A
Pe(b&b&tan
67FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
21 Meni(!i "edudu"!n &u'u tero4on!n terh!d!- %r%! te0ak l%r%! !%(b% ter&#&n0an
Arah >%r%! Men0abaikan !e>a>ar !%(b%
Ma>% Searah Ke(erin0an
Ma>% Mela#an Ke(irin0an
%r%! ter&#&n0an
Di-
Di-
Di-
Di-
Di-
Di-
Di-
9=o 7o
27o 9=o
9=o 7o
27o 9=o
9=o 7o
27o 9=o
7o 27o
,ed!n
,ed!n
,!n!t Menun% tun"!n
Menun%
,ed!n
tun"!n
Tid!" Menun%
,!n!t #d!" Menun%
tun"!n
tun"!n
/1 ,ete(!h 'enentu"!n "edudu"!n &u'u tero4on!n terh!d!- r!#n !d
Tabel ; Pen,e!%aian Pe(b&b&tan Orienta!i Bi$an0 Di!k&n"n%ita! %r%! $an Ke(irin0an
San0at
Men0%nt%
Orienta!i Di!k&n"n%ita!
Men0%nt%0kan
n0kan
Tero4on!n
7
%2
Pond!&i
7
Leren
7
Pe'oot!n
Ti$ak Men0%n
San0at "$ak
t%n0kan
Men0%nt%n0kan
%=
%67
%62
%2
%8
%6=
%2=
%=
%2=
%=7
%@7
Se$an0
91 Men
66FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
Tabel < Kela! Ma!!a Bat%an Yan0 Ditent%kan Dari Pe(b&b&tan T&tal Pe(b&b&tan
677 6
7 @6
@7 96
97 % 26
27
N& Kela!
I
II
III
I
.!i"
,ed!n
Je(e"
,!n!t Je(e"
,!n!t
Di!kri'!i !i"
=1 ,ete(!h "e(!& '!&&! !tu!n di-ero(eh '!"! d!-!t di"et!hui !r# "(!& '!&&! !tu!n den!n 'e'-ero(eh ni(!i &t!nd%u- #'e d!ri '!&&! !tu!n ter&eut den!n &-!n tertentu &ert! "ohe&i d!n &udut e&er d!(!'%n$! &e-er# $!n di-er(ih!t"!n o(eh T!e( @1
Tabel ? Ar" Kela! Ma!!a Bat%an N& Kela! Stan$@%' "(e Rata@rata K&he!i Ma!!a Bat%an 5K'a6 S%$%t Ge!er Dala( Ma!!a Bat%an 5$era>at6
I 27 T!hun untu" &-!n 6= '
II @ .u(!n untu" &-!n '
III
I
6 Minu untu"
67
/7 Menit untu"
&-!n = '
&-!n 23= '
&-!n 6 '
977
/77 977
277 /77
677 277
677
9=
/= 9=
2= /=
6= 2=
6=
.ieni!4&"i >68@? 'e'eri"!n huun!n !nt!r! 4!"tu &t!i( t!n-! -en$!n! >&t!nd%u- #'e? den! &-!n untu" er!!i "e(!& '!&&&! !tu!n 'enurut "(!&i"!&i eo'e"!ni"! &e-er# $!n di-er(ih!t"!n o(eh G!'!r 61 Huun!n ini &!n!t -en#n &e"!(i di"et!hui -!d! &!!t -en!(i!n tero4on!n1
62FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
Ga(bar 3 %b%n0an Antara Stan$ %' Ti(e $en0an S'an Unt%k Berba0ai Kela! Ma!!a Bat%an Tabel 4 Pet%n>%k Unt%k Pen00alian $an Pen,an00a Ter&#&n0an Bat%an Den0an Kla!i)ka!i Si!te( RMR PENYANGGAAN KELAS MASSA BATUAN
PENGGALIAN
Bat%an San0at Baik 5Kela! I6 RMR 3 @ 322
Fu(( F!ce3 den!n Ke'!
Bat%an Baik 5Kela! II6 RMR ?3 @ 2
Fu(( F!ce3 den!n "e'!
Bat%an Se$an0 5Kela! III6 RMR ;3 ?2
To- he!din d!n ench3 den!n "e'!
ROCK BOLT 512 (( Dia* F%ll, Gr&%te$6
SOTCRETE
STEEL SETS
U'u'n$! t!n-! -en$!n!!n3 !d!"!(!n$! -enu"ur!n di(!"u"!n untu" 'e'!"!i B&-ot o(#n Lo"!(i&!&i3 o(t& -!d! !t!&e-!n
=7 '' di !t!-
Tid!" !d!
=7 677 '' di !t!- d!n /7 '' di dindin >&ide&?1
Tid!" !d!
6/FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
Bant%an >elek 5Kela! I6 RMR 13 ;2
To- he!din d!n ench3 den!n "e'!
Bat%an San0at elek 5Kela! 6 RMR 12
Mu(#-(e dri& den!n "e'!in+ert?
677 6=7 '' di !t!- d!n 677 '' di dindin >&ide&?
Ri& rin!n &ed!n den!n &-!&i 63= '
6=7 277 '' di !t!-3 6=7 '' di dindin >&ide&?3 d!n =7 '' -!d! 0!ce
Ri &ed!n er!t den!n &-!&i 738= ' den!n &tee( (!in d!n 0ore-o(in1
69FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
III. Q - SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION K(!&i"!&i '!&&! !tu!n den!n &i&te' did!&!r"!n -!d! -eni(!i!n nu'erI" d!ri "u!(it!& '!&&! !tu!n den!n 'enun!"!n en!' -!r!'eter $!n ered! : 61 RD1 21 Nu'er o0
7 Keter!n!n : RD roc" u!(it$ de&in!#on Jn 689? 'e'!i en!' -!r!'eter ter&eut 'en
R"# %n 'ere-re&ent!&i"!n &tru"tur d!ri '!&&! !tu!n3 'enunroghness? d!n "!r!"teri&#" e&er d!ri -er'u"!!n id!n di&"on#nu !t!u flling maerial d!ri id!n di&"on#nu ter&eut1 ,u!tu id!n di&"on#nu den!n -er'u"!!n $!n "!&!r d!n #d!" 'en!(!'i !(ter!&i d!n 'en!(!'i "ont!" den!n -er'u"!!n id!n (!inn$!3 !"!n 'e'-un$!i "u!t e&er $!n #ni d!n 'enuntun"!n untu" "e&t!i(!n (u!n u"!!n1 Ad!n$!
6=FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
(!-i&!n 'iner!( c(!$ -!d! -er'u"!!n "ont!" !nt!r! "edu! id!n di&"on#nu ter&eut3 !"!n 'enur!ni "u!t e&er &ec!r! &ini"!n1 ,e(!n
'e'-en!ruhi "u!t e&er d!ri id!n di&"on#nu1 ,ed!n"!n -!r!'eter ,RF d!-!t di!n!- &e!!i -!r!'eter tot!( &tre&& $!n di-en!ruhi o(eh (et!" d!ri (u!n u"!!n $!n d!-!t 'eredu"&i "e"u!t!n '!&&! !tu!n1 ,ec!r! e'-iri& % ,RF 'e4!"i(i acte sress $!n di!(!'i !tu!n1 Menurut .!rton3 d"" -!r!'eter %n- Jr d!n %a 'e'i(i"i -er!n! -en#n di!ndin"!n -en!ruh orient!&i id!n di&"on#nu1 O(eh "!ren! itu d!(!' sysem terd!-!t -!r!'eter ad/smen terh!d!- orient!&i id!n di&"on#nu1 Ni(!i $!n did!-!t dihuun"!n den!n "eutuh!n -en$!n!n tero4on!n den!n 'enet!-"!n di'en&i e"i+!(en >e0ialen dimension? d!ri !(i!n1 Di'en&i e"i+!(en 'eru-!"!n 0un&i d!ri u"ur!n d!n "eun!!n d!ri !(i!n3 did!-!t den!n 'e'!i &-!n3 di!'eter !t!u #ni dindin !(i!n den!n h!r! $!n di xcaaton Sppor Rato >E,R?1
Di(en!i Ekialen =
Tabel Nilai ESR T,'e &. eH+aa"&n A B
C D
E
F G
ESR
Te('&rar, (ine &'enin0!* et+
ca. 9@<
er"+al !ha!J: i6 +ir+%lar !e+"&n! ii6 re+tan0%lar=!%are !e+"&n J De'en$ant &. '%r'&!e Ma, be l&#er than 0ien al%e! Per(anent (ine &'enin0!* #ater t%nnel! .&r h,$r& '&#er 5eH+l%$e hi0h 're!!%re 'en!t&+k!6 #ater !%''l, t%nnel!* 'il&t t%nnel!* $ri! an$ hea$in0! .&r lar0e &'enin0! Min&r r&a$ an$ rail#a, t%nnel!* !%r0e +ha(ber!* a++e!! t%nnel!* !e#a0e t%nnel!* et+ P&#er h&%!e!* !t&ra0e r&&(!* #ater treat(ent 'lant!* (a>&r r&a$ an$ rail#a, t%nnel!* +iil $e.en+e +ha(ber!* '&rtal!* inter!e+"&n!* et+ Un$er0r&%n$ n%+lear '&#er !ta"&n!* rail#a,! !ta"&n!* !'&rt! an$ '%bli+ .a+ilitate!* .a+t&rie!* et+ er, i('&rtant +aern! an$ %n$er0r&%n$ &'enin0! #ith a l&n0 li.e"(e* 322 ,ear!* &r #ith&%t a++e!! .&r (aintenan+e
ca. 1< ca. 12
3? 39 32
2 2<
6@FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
Tabel Para(eter Nilai R7D R7D 5R&+k 7%alit, De!i0na"&n6 A
B
C
D E
R7D
er, '&&r
5 14 >&int! 'er (9 6
2 @ 1<
P&&r
512@14 >&int! 'er (9 6
1< @ <2
Fair
539@3 >&int! 'er (9 6
<2 @ 4<
G&&$
5@31 >&int! 'er (9 6
4< @ M2
52@4 >&int! 'er (9 6
M2 @ 322
EH+ellent
N&te: i6 -here R7D i! re'&rte$ &r (ea!%re$ a! 32 5in+l%$in0 26 the al%e 32 i! %!e$ t& eal%ate the 7@al%e ii6 R7D@interal! &. <* ie 322* <* 2* et+* are !%+ientl, a++%rate Tabel 32 Para(eter &int Set N%(ber 5n6 :n
&int !et n%(ber Ma!!ie* n& &r .e# >&int!
2< @ 3
One >&int !et
1
One >&int !et 'l%! ran$&( >&int!
9
D
T#& >&int !et!
;
E
T#& >&int !et! 'l%! ran$&( >&int!
?
Three >&int !et!
M
Three >&int !et! 'l%! ran$&( >&int!
31
F&%r &r (&re >&int !et!* ran$&( heail, >&inte$ Q!%0ar +%be* et+ Cr%!he$ r&+k* earth like
3<
A B
C
F G A
N&te: i6 F&r t%nnel inter!e+"&n!* %!e 9 H n ii6 F&r '&rtal!* %!e 1 H n
12
68FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
Tabel 33 &int R&%0hne!! N%(ber 5r6
:r
&int R&%0hne!! N%(ber a) Rock-wall contact, and b) Rock-wall contact before 10 cm of shear movement
A
Di!+&n"n%&%! >&int!
;
B
R&%0h &r irre0%lar* %n$%la"n0
9
C
S(&&th* %n$%la"n0
1
D
Sli+ken!i$e$* %n$%la"n0
3<
E
R&%0h* irre0%lar* 'lanar
3<
F
S(&&th* 'lanar
G
Sli+ken!i$e$* 'lanar
3
2<
N&te: i6 De!+ri'"&n re.er! t& !(all !+ale .eat%re! an$ inter(e$iate !+ale .eat%re!* in that &r$er c) No rock-wall contact when sheared
&ne +&ntainin0 +la, (ineral! thi+k en&%0h t& 'reent r&+k@#all +&nta+t 3 #hen !heare$ N&te: ii6 A$$ 3 i. the (ean !'a+in0 &. the releant >&int !et i! 0reater than 9 ( 5$e'en$ent &n the !ie &. the %n$er0r&%n$ &'enin06 iii6 r 2< +an be %!e$ .&r 'lanar !li+ken!i$e$ >&int! hain0 linea"&n!* 'r&i$e$ the linea"&n! A
are &riente$ in the e!"(ate$ !li$in0 $ire+"&n Tabel 31 &in Altera"&n N%(ber 5a6 ;
&int Altera"&n N%(ber
Ur a''r&H
:a
a) Rock-wall contact (no mineral llings, only coangs)
B
Ti0htl, heale$* har$* n&n@!&enin0* i('er(eable )llin0* ie* %art &r e'i$&te Unaltere$ >&int #all!* !%r.a+e !tainin0 &nl,
1<@9
3
C
Sli0htl, altere$ >&int #all! N&n@!&enin0 (ineral +&a"n0!W !an$, 'ar"+le!* +la,@.ree $i!inte0rate$ r&+k* et+
1<@92V
1
A
24<
6FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
D
E
Silt, &r !an$, +la, +&a"n0!* !(all +la, .ra+"&n 5n&n@!&enin06 S&enin0 &r l&# .ri+"&n +la, (ineral +&a"n0!* ie* ka&linite &r (i+a Al!& +hl&rite* tal+ 0,'!%(* 0ra'hite* et+* an$ !(all %an""e! &. !#ellin0 +la,!
12@1
9
@3?V
;
1<@92V
;
3?@1;V
?
31@3?V
b) Rock-wall contact before 10 cm shear (thin mineral llings)
F G
A
San$, 'ar"+le!* +la,@.ree $i!inte0rate$ r&+k* et+ Str&n0l, &er@+&n!&li$ate$* n&n@!&enin0* +la, (ineral )llin0! 5+&n"n%&%!* b%t <(( thi+kne!!6 Me$i%( &r l&# &er@+&n!&li$a"&n* !&enin0* +la, (ineral )llin0! 5+&n"n%&%!* b%t <(( thi+kne!!6 S#ellin0@+la, )llin0!* ie* (&nt(&rill&nite 5+&n"n%&%!* b%t <(( thi+kne!!6 al%e &. a $e'en$! &n 'er+ent &. !#ellin0
?@31V
@31
+la,@!ie 'ar"+le! c) No rock-wall contact when sheared (thick mineral llings)
&ne! &r ban$! &. $i!inte0rate$ &r K +r%!he$ r&+k Str&n0l, &er@ +&n!&li$ate$ &ne! &r ban$! &. +la,* $i!inte0rate$ &r L +r%!he$ r&+k Me$i%( &r l&# &er@ +&n!&li$a"&n &r !&enin0 )llin0! &ne! &r ban$! &. +la,* $i!inte0rate$ &r +r%!he$ r&+k M S#ellin0 +la, a $e'en$! &n 'er+ent &. !#ellin0 +la,@!ie 'ar"+le! Thi+k +&n"n%&%! &ne! &r ban$! &. N +la, Str&n0l, &er@+&n!&li$ate$ Thi+k* +&n"n%&%! &ne! &r ban$! &. O +la, Me$i%( t& l&# &er@ +&n!&li$a"&n Thi+k* +&n"n%&%! &ne! &r ban$! #ith +la, P S#ellin0 +la, a $e'en$! &n 'er+ent &.
3?@1;V
?
31@3?V
?@31V
@31
31@3?V
32
31@3?V
39
?@31V
39@12
!#ellin0 +la,@!ie 'ar"+le! Tabel 39 &int -ater Re$%+"&n Fa+t&r &int -ater Re$%+"&n Fa+t&r
:#
A
Dr, eH+aa"&n! &r (in&r inX&# 5 h%(i$ &r a .e# $ri'!6
32
B
Me$i%( inX&#* &++a!i&nal &%t#a!h &. >&int )llin0! 5(an, $ri'!=rain6
2??
C
et inX&# &r hi0h 're!!%re in +&('etent r&+k #ith %n)lle$ >&int!
2<
D
Lar0e inX&# &r hi0h 're!!%re* +&n!i$erable &%t#a!h &. >&int )llin0!
299
6FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
EH+e'"&nall, hi0h inX&# &r #ater 're!!%re $e+a,in0 #ith "(e Ca%!e! &%t#a!h &. (aterial an$ 'erha'! +ae in F EH+e'"&nall, hi0h inX&# &r #ater 're!!%re +&n"n%in0 #ith&%t n&"+eable $e+a, Ca%!e! &%t#a!h &. (aterial an$ 'erha'! +ae in N&te: i6 Fa+t&r! C t& F are +r%$e e!"(ate! In+rea!e # i. the r&+k i! $raine$
21@23
E
23@22<
&r 0r&%"n0 i! +arrie$ &%t ii6 S'e+ial 'r&ble(! +a%!e$ b, i+e .&r(a"&n are n&t +&n!i$ere$
Tabel 3; Para(eter Stre!! Re$%+"&n Fa+t&r Stre!! Re$%+"&n Fa+t&r
SRF
a) !eak "ones intersecng the #ndergro#nd o$ening, which may ca#se loosening of rock mass
A
B
C D
M%l"'le &++%rren+e! &. #eak &ne! #ithin a !h&rt !e+"&n +&ntainin0 +la, &r +he(i+all, $i!inte0rate$* er, l&&!e !%rr&%n$in0 r&+k 5an, $e'th6* &r l&n0 !e+"&n! #ith in+&('etent 5#eak6 r&+k 5an, $e'th6 F&r !%eein0* !ee ?L an$ ?M M%l"'le !hear &ne! #ithin a !h&rt !e+"&n in +&('etent +la,@.ree r&+k #ith l&&!e !%rr&%n$in0 r&+k 5an, $e'th6 Sin0le #eak &ne! #ith &r #ith&%t +la, &r +he(i+al $i!inte0rate$ r&+k 5$e'th <2(6 L&&!e* &'en >&int!* heail, >&inte$ &r Q!%0ar +%be* et+ 5an, $e'th6
32
4< <
<
Sin0le #eak &ne! #ith &r #ith&%t +la, &r +he(i+al $i!inte0rate$ r&+k 5$e'th 1< <2(6 N&te: i6 Re$%+e the!e al%e! &. SRF b, 1<@<28 i. the #eak &ne! &nl, inX%en+e b%t $& n&t inter!e+t the %n$er0r&%n$ &'enin0 SRF Y+ =Y3 YZ=Y+ b) %om$etent, mainly massive rock, stress $roblems E
F
L&# !tre!!* near !%r.a+e* &'en >&int!
G
Me$i%( !tre!!* .a&%rable !tre!! +&n$i"&n
A
K L
i0h !tre!!* er, "0ht !tr%+t%re U!%all, .a&%rable t& !tabilit, Ma, al!& be %n.a&%rable t& !tabilit, $e'en$ent &n the &rienta"&n &. !tre!!e! +&('are$ t& >&in"n0=#eakne!! 'lane!J M&$erate !'allin0 an$=&r !labbin0 aer 3 h&%r in (a!!ie r&+k S'allin0 &r r&+k b%r!t aer a .e# (in%te! in (a!!ie r&+k ea, r&+k b%r!t an$ i((e$iate $,na(i+ $e.&r(a"&n in (a!!ie r&+k
122
223
1<
122@32 223@29 32@<
3
2<@1
1@
29@2;
<@9
2<@2?<
<@<2
9@1
2?<@3
<2@122
1
3
122@;22
27FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
N&te: ii6 F&r !tr&n0l, ani!&tr&'i+ ir0in !tre!! )el$ 5i. (ea!%re$6: #hen < [ 3 =[9 32* re$%+e [+ t& 24< [+ -hen [3 =[9 32* re$%+e [+ t& 2< [+* #here [+ %n+&n)ne$ +&('re!!i&n !tren0th* [3 an$ [9 are the (a>&r an$ (in&r 'rin+i'al !tre!!e!* an$ [[ (aHi(%( tan0en"al !tre!! 5e!"(ate$ .r&( ela!"+ the&r,6 iii6 -hen the $e'th &. the +r&#n bel&# the !%r.a+e i! le!! than the !'anW !%00e!t SRF in+rea!e .r&( 1< t& < .&r !%+h +a!e! 5!ee F6 c) &'#ee"ing rock $lasc deformaon in incom$etent rock #nder the SRF YZ =Y+ in#ence of high $ress#re
M Mil$ !%eein0 r&+k 're!!%re
3@<
<@32
N ea, !%eein0 r&+k 're!!%re
<
32@12
N&te: i6 Deter(ina"&n &. !%eein0 r&+k +&n$i"&n! (%!t be (a$e a++&r$in0 t& releant literat%re 5ie Sin0h et al* 31 an$ Bha!in an$ Gri(!ta$* 3?6 SRF d) &welling rock chemical swelling acvity de$ending on the $resence of water O
Mil$ !#ellin0 r&+k 're!!%re
<@32
P
ea, !#ellin0 r&+k 're!!%re
32@3<
Tabel 3< K&ner!i $ari nilai akt%al ke nilai rek&(en$a!i ,an0 ahr%! $i0%nakan In r&+k (a!!e! &. 0&&$ %alit, F&r r&+k (a!!e! &. inter(e$iate %alit, F&r r&+k (a!!e! &. '&&r %alit,
7 32 23 7 32 7 23
M%l"'l, 7@al%e! b, a .a+t&r &. < M%l"'l, 7@al%e! b, a .a+t&r &. 1< In +a!e! &. hi0h r&+k !tre!!e!* %!e the a+t%al 7@al%e U!e a+t%al 7@al%e
T!(e &!'-!i den!n t!e( 69 !"!n 'en67? 'e'eri"!n in0or'!&i t!'!h!n terh!d!- -!n.? d!n d!ri ni(!i E,R 'e(!(ui -er&!'!!n:
L
,-!n '!"&i'u' $!n #d!" di&!n! d!-!t dihitun den!n -er&!'!!n:
S'an (ak!i(%( 5Ti$ak $i!an00a6 1 *&R 7 2*; Gri'&t!d d!n .!rton >6/? 'e'eri"!n huun!n !nt!r! ni(!i den!n te"!n!n -en$!n! !t!-er'!nen Proo+ 'e(!(ui -er&!'!!n:
26FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
Proof
Rekomendasi penyangga ditentukan melalui grafik yang di berikan oleh Grimstad dan Barton (1933) seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh Gambar 2.
22FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
Ga(bar 1 Rek&(en$a!i Pen,an00aan Men%r%t 7 @ S,!te(
IV. ROCK LOAD CLASSIFICATION Ter*!hi >69@? 'e'0or'u(!&i"!n 'etode "(!&i"!&i r!&ion!( $!n -ert!'! den!n 'ene+!(u!&i e!n !tu!n $!n te-!t untu" 'er!nc!n &tee( &et&1 Ini 'eru-!"!n -ene'!n!n $!n -en#n "!ren! -en$!n! den!n &tee( &et& te(!h diun!"!n &ec!r! (u!& untu" -en!!(i!n tero4on!n !tu!n &e(!'! =7 t!hun $!n (!(u1 K(!&i"!&i ini h!n$! coco" untu" 'e'-er"ir!"!n e!n !tu!n untu" tero4on!n $!n di&!n! den!n &tee( !rch3 tet!-i #d!" coco" untu" 'etode -enero4on!n $!n 'odern den!n 'enun!"!n &hotcrete d!n roc" o(t1 ,e&ud!h 'e'-e(!687? 'en$i'-u("!n !h4! 'etode Ter*!hi ter(!(u u'u' untu" d!-!t 'ene+!(u!&i &ec!r! o62? di d!(!' T!e( 123 $!n 'e'-eriih!t"!n "ondi&i !tu!n Ter*!hi 9%@ h!ru& di"ur!ni den!n =7 Q d!ri ni(!i roc" (o!d !4!( "!ren! 'u"! !ir t!n!h e0e"n$! "1eci( terh!d!- roc" (o!d1
2/FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
Ga(bar 9 K&n!e' beban bat%an ter&#&n0an &leh Tera0hi 53;?6
Tabel 3? Kla!i)ka!i R&+k L&a$ Tera0hi ,an0 %(%( $i0%nakana*b
R&+k C&n$i"&n 3 ar$ an$ inta+t 1 ar$ !tra")e$ &r !+hi!t&!e 9 Ma!!ie* (&$eratell, >&inte$
R7D <@322 2@
R&+k l&a$ ' 56 er& 2@2< B
Re(ark! Sa(e a! Tera0hi 53;?6 Sa(e a! Tera0hi 53;?
<@<
2@21< B
Sa(e a! Tera0hi 53;?6
; M&$eratell, bl&+k, an$ !ea(,
4<@<
21< B 212 B 5B\t6
< er, bl&+k, an$ !ea(, ? C&('letel, +r%!he$ b%t +he(i+all, inta+t ?a San$ an$ 0rael
92@4<
21 B 2? B 5B\t6
9@92
2? B 33 B 5B\t6
2@9
33 B 3; B 5B\t6
NA+
33 B 13 B 5B\t6
Sa(e a! Tera0hi 53;?6
NA+
13 B ;< B 5B\t6
Sa(e a! Tera0hi 53;?6
4 S%eein0 r&+k* (&$erate $e'th S%eein0 r&+k* 0reat $e'th
T,'e! ;*< an$ ? re$%+e$ b, ab&%t <2 8 .r&( Tera0hi al%e! be+a%!e #ater table ha! li]le e^e+t &n r&+k l&a$ 5Tera0hi* 3;?W Brekke* 3?6
29FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
S#ellin0 r&+k
NA+
U' t& 1<2 irre!'e+"e &. al%e &. 5B\t6
Sa(e a! Tera0hi 53;?6
a A! (&$i)e$ b, Deere et al* 53426 an$ R&!e 5316 b R&+k L&a$ ' in .eet &. r&+k &n r&&. &. !%''&rt in t%nnel #ith #i$th B 56 an$ hei0ht t 56 at $e'th &. (&re than 3< 5B\t6 + N&t a''li+able1
V. ROCK QUALITY DESIGNATION (RQD) CLASSIFICATION Inde"& RD te(!h di-er"en!("!n (eih d!ri 27 t!hun $!n (!(u &e!!i inde"& d!ri "u!(it!& !tu!n -!d! &!!t in0or'!&i "u!(it!& !tu!n h!n$! ter&edi! d!ri de&"ri-&i !h(i eo(oi d!n -er&ent!&e d!ri -ero(eh!n in# >core reco+er$?1 RD !d!(!h 'odi"!&i d!ri -er&ent!&e -ero(eh!n in# $!n utuh den!n -!n=938 ''? $!n di or den!n 'enun!"!n dou(e tue core 2arrels1 Huun!n !nt!r! inde"& RD d!n "u!(it!& te"ni" d!ri !tu!n !d!(!h &e!!i eri"ut >Deere3 6@? :
abel 1! "ubungan antara nilai R#$ dan kualitas batuan ($eere% 19&') R7D
K%alita! Bat%an
2=FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
1<
San0at >elek 5er, '&&r6
1< <2
elek 5'&&r6
<2 4<
Se$an0 5.air6
4< 2
Baik 50&&$6
2 @ 322
San0at baik 5er, 0&&$6
Ga(bar ; Pr&!e$%r %nt%k 'en0%k%ran $an 'erhit%n0an R7D 5Deere* 36 Cordin d!n Deere >682? 'enco! untu" 'enhuun"!n 0!"tor rock load Ter*!hi d!n 'e'eri"!n t!e( huun!n !nt!r! -en$!n! tero4on!n d!n RD >T!e( 68?1 Mere"! 'ene'u"!n !h4! "on&erock load Ter*!hi h!ru& di!t!&i untu" tero4on!n $!n di&!n! den!n seel ses3 d!n #d!" d!-!t diun!"!n den!n !i" untu" (u!n u"!!n $!n di&!n!h o(eh roc" o(t1 Merri5 >682? 'ene'u"!n !h4! RD d!-!t 'eru-!"!n ni(!i $!n -en#n di d!(!' 'e'-er"ir!"!n "eutuh!n -en$!n! untu" tero4on!n !tu!n1 Merri5 'e'!ndin"!n "riteri! -en$!n! $!n did!&!r"!n -!d! +er&i -er!i"!nn$!3 &e!!i 0un&i d!ri (e!r tero4on!n d!n RD3 den!n $!n diu&u("!n o(eh $!n (!inn$!1 Ini dirin"!&"!n di d!(!' T!e( 19 $!n di"u'-u("!n o(eh Deere d!n Deere >6?1
Tabel 34 Perban$in0an $ari R7D $an keb%t%han 'en,an00a %nt%k ter&#&n0an $en0an lebar ? ( N& S%''&rt &r L&+al B<!
Pate( B<!
Steel Rib!
a
2@FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
a
Deer et al*
R7D 4< @ 322
R7D <2 @4< 53<@3 ( !'a+in06 R7D 1<@<2 52@3< (6
R7D <2@4< 5li0ht rib! &n &n 3<@3 ( !'a+in0 a! alterna"e t& b<!6 ROD 1<@<2 5li0ht t& (e$i%( rib! &n 2@3< ( !'a+in0 a! alterna"e t& b<!6 R7D 2@1< 5(e$i%( t& hea, +ir+%lar rib! &n 2? @ 2 ( !'a+in06
Ce+il 53426
R7D 1@322
R7D <1@1 5alternateel, ;2@?2 (( !h&t+rete6
R7D 2@<1 5rib! &r rein.&r+e$ !h&t+rete6
Merrit53416
R7D 41@4322
R7D 2@19 531 @3 ( 5!'a+in06
R7D 2@19
Data inter'&late$ .r&( Merrit 53416 b, Deere an$ Deere 536
P!('&tro' >62? 'enu&u("!n
R7D 33< @ 99 J+ !d!(!h
VI. ROCK STRUCTURE RATING (RSR) CLASSIFICATION Kon&e- R,R3 'ode( -redi"&i round%&u--ort3 di"e'!n"!n di A'eri"! ,eri"!t -!d! t!hun 682 o(eh ic"h!'3 Tiode'!nn3 d!n ,"inner1 Kon&e-n$! !d!(!h 'etode "u!n#t!#0 untu" 'ende&"ri-&i "u!(it!& '!&&! !tu!n d!n untu" 'e'i(ih -en$!n! $!n te-!t1 Ini 'eru-!"!n &i&tern "(!&i"!&i '!&&! !tu!n $!n (en"!- $!n diu&u("!n &e
28FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
Kon&triu&i ut!'! d!ri "on&e- R,R !d!(!h 'enen!("!n &i&te' r!#n untu" '!&&! !tu!n1 Ini !d!(!h dip d!n srike?3 #-e di&"on#nuit!&3 '!'!&in%'!&in T!e( 63 63 d!n 27?3 $!n &ec!r! er&!'!% &!'! 'eru-!"!n e+!(u!&i e0e" 28!&&i028e d!ri er!!i 28!&&i0 eo(oi -!d! &$!r!t -en$!n!1 Ke#! -!r!'eter ter&eut !d!(!h :
Para(eter A : Penilaian %(%( $ari !tr%kt%r bat%an ber$a!arkan : 61 Ti-e !tu!n !&!( >e"u3 'et!'or03 &edi'en? 21 Ke"er!&!n !tu!n >"er!&3 'ediu'3 (un!"3 deco'-o&ed? /1 ,tru"tur eo(oi >28!&&i03 &edi"it di-!t!h"!ndi#-!t3 cu"u- di-!t!h"!n di(i-!t3 &ec!r! inten&i0 di-!t!h"!ndi(i-!t?
Para(eter B : E.ek '&la $i!k&n"n%ita! terha$a' arah 'en00alian ter&#&n0an ber$a!arkan : 61 J!r!" "e"!r 21 Orient!&i "e"!r >srike d!n dip? /1 Ar!h -en!(i!n tero4on!n
Para(eter C : E.ek aliran air tanah ber$a!arkan : 6 1Ku!(it!& '!&&! !tu!n tot!( $!n di&e!"!n o(eh "o'in!&i -!r!'eter A d!n . 21 Kondi&i "e"!r >!i"3 &ed!n3 d!(!' -er 'inute -er 6777 0eet di d!(!' tero4on!n? Tabel 3 R&+k &tr#ct#re Rang * Para(eter A: Daerah Ge&l&0i U(%( a
Ba!i+ R&+k T,'e ar$
Me$i%(
S&
De+&('&!e$
I0ne&%!
3
1
9
;
Sli0htl,
M&$eratel,
Inten!iel,
Meta(&r'hi+
3
1
9
;
F&l$e$ &r
F&l$e$ &r
F&l$e$ &r
Se$i(entar,
1
9
;
;
Ma!!ie
Fa%lte$
Fa%lte$
Fa%lte$
T,'e 3
92
11
3<
T,'e 1
14
12
39
Ge&l&0i+al Str%+t%re
2FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
T,'e 9
1;
3
31
4
T,'e ;
3
3<
32
?
Tabel 3 R&+k &tr#ct#re Rang* Para(eter B: P&la Kekar* Arah Pen00alian
Aera0e >&int !'a+in0 B&th
a
Strike t& AHi!
Strike __ t& AHi!
Dire+"&n &. Drie
Dire+"&n &. Drie
-ith Di'
A0ain!t Di'
Either $ire+"&n
Di' &. Pr&(inent &int! a
Di' &. Pr&(inent &int!
Flat
Di''in0
er"+al
Di''in0
er"+al
Flat
Di''in0
er"+al
33
39
32
31
4
1 Cl&!el, >&inte$* 1@? in
39
3?
3
3<
34
3;
3;
33
9 M&$eratel, >&inte$* ?@31 in
19
1;
1
3
11
19
19
3
; M&$erate t& bl&+k,* 3@1
92
91
9?
1<
1
92
1
1;
< Bl&+k, t& (a!!ie* 1@;
9?
9
;2
99
9<
9?
1;
1
? Ma!!ie* ;
;2
;9
;<
94
;2
;2
9
9;
3 er, +l&!el, >&inte$* 1 in
a Aer -i+kh(an etal* 534;6 b Di' : Xat : 2@122W $i''in0 : 12 @ <22W an$ er"+al : <2 @ 22 Table 12 R&+k Str%+t%re Ra"n0: Para(eter % : Ground4!ter3
;< @ 4< &int C&n$i"&n b
An"+i'ate$ #ater inX&# G&&$
Fair
P&&r
G&&$
Fair
P&&r
N&ne
11
3
31
1<
11
3
Sli0ht* 122 0'(
3
3<
19
3
3;
M&$erate* 122@3222 0'(
3<
11
4
13
3?
31
ea,* 3222 0'
32
?
3
3;
32
'(=3222 &. t%nnel
Ni(!i R,R untu" #!- &e"&i tero4on!n di-ero(eh den!n 'enT.M? untu" 'en!n#"!n 'etode -en!(i!n den!n -e'or!n d!n -e(ed!"!n3 '!"! R,R h!ru& di"ore"&i den!n 'enun!"!n 3d/smen ,acor >AF? untu" er!!i di!'eter tero4on!n &e!!i eri"ut : Di!'eter 36= '
: AF 637=
Di!'eter '
: AF 63628
Di!'eter 83@/ '
: AF 636/=
Di!'eter 8 '
: AF 636=7
Di!'eter @367 '
: AF 6636@
2FOCON ANGGUN KARYA
Di!'eter @ '
: AF 63686
Di!'eter = '
: AF 636/
Di!'eter 93= '
: AF 6367
Di!'eter 69 '
: AF 6362
Di!'eter /37= '
: AF 63277
Mode( -redi"&i R,R di"e'!n"!n terut!'! untu" -en$!n! &tee( ri1 D!t! $!n "ur!n te(!h ter&edi! untu" 'enhuun"!n &tru"tur !tu!n d!n -en$!n! roc" o(t !t!u &hotcrete1 .!!i'!n!-un
S'a+in0 56 1; = den!n 4 !d!(!h e!n !tu!n d!(!' 6777 I 21 Tid!" !d! "ore"&i $!n d!-!t dite'u"!n !nt!r! "ondi&i eo(oi d!n -er&$!r!t!n &hotcrete3 &ehin! huun!n e'-iri& di !4!h ini di&!r!n"!n :
t 3 \ - = 3*1< ata% t D 5?<@RSR=3<26 den!n : t te!( &hotcrete >inch? e!n !tu!n3 I2 D di!'eter tero4on!n3
G!'!r = 'e'-er(ih!t"!n "ur+! untu" 'enentu"!n &i&te' round%&u--ort #-i"!( erd!&!r"!n -redi"&i R,R $!n 'en$!n"ut "u!(it!& '!&&! !tu!n &!'-!i !r!h -en!(i!n tero4on!n1 Kur+! ini d!-!t diun!"!n untu" entu" tero4on!n u(!t !t!u t!-!( "ud!1 Kon&e- R,R !d!(!h 'etode $!n &!n!t erun! untu" 'e'i(ih -en$!n! &tee( ri untu" tero4on!n !tu!n1 Kon&e- R,R #d!" dire"o'end!&i"!n untu" 'e'i(ih -en$!n! roc" o(t !t!u &hotcrete1
