POLICÍA NACIONAL DEL PERÚ DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN Y DOCTRINA ESCUELA DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR TÉCNICO PROFESIONAL DE LA PNP
I SEMESTRE ACADÉMICO PROMOCIÓN FORJADORES DE LA PAZ, PAZ, MODALIDAD REGULAR 2016 TEMA
: SISTEMAS SISTEM AS DE IDENTIFICACION IDENTIFIC ACION HUMANA
CURSO
: CRIMINALISTICA
INTE IN TEGR GRA ANTES NTES : A1 PNP RO!UE PANTI JOSE LUIS A1 PNP """""""""""""# A1 PNP """""""""""""## A1 PNP """""""""""""## A1 PNP """""""""""""## A1 PNP """""""""""""## DOCENTE
: "" """""""""""""""""# MO!UEGUA MO!UEGU A 2016
1
INDICE DEDICATORIA
3
AGRADECIMIENTO
4
INTRODUCCION
5
CAPITULO I PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA
6
A. CARACTERIZACION DE LA PROBLEMATICA PROBLEMATICA B. DELIMITACION DE LOS OBJETIVOS 1. OBJETIVO GENERAL 2. OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS C. JU JUSTIFICACION E IMPORTANCIA 1. JUSTIFICACION 2. IMPORTANCIA D. LIMITACIONES
6 8 8 8 8 8 9 9
CAPITULO II MARCO TEORICO – DOCTRINARIO A. B. C. D.
1
ANTECEDENTES BASES TEORIC!S BASE LEGAL DEFINICION DE TERMINOS
1 1 28 3
CAPITULO III ANALISIS
32
CONCLUSIONES
35
RECOMENDACIONES
3"
BIBLIOGRAFIA
38
ANE#OS
39
2
DEDICATORIA E$%& %'()(*+ ,& -/&$%-0(- ++0'-+ + ,&,-(+$ ( D-+$ 7+' $&' -& +$ )'-,( ( $()-,':( 7('( +7'&,&' %+,+ (&+ & %-&& ( /-,(. T()-; + ,&,-(+$ ( -$ 7(,'&$ -&&$ & )'-,( )'-,( & (7+<+ (7+<+ $--&%& $--&%& 7('( 7('( 7+,&' 7+,&' '&(-=(' -$ &%($.
AGRADECIMIENTO
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
4
CAPITULO I PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PRO$LEMA A# CARACTERIZACION DE LA PRO$LEM%TICA L( -,&%--(- &$ 7'+&$+ & '&& ($ $ ,-/&'$($ '&($ ,& ++--&%+? ++ ( M&,--(? ( O,+%++0:(? ( B-++0:( M+&('? ( A%'+7++0:(?
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5
&(? ,& %( (&'( & (,+ & ,&,+ (& +%(%+ + ( $7&'--&? &,( '&$-,+ ,& ;$%(? + ( 7'+,& ($:- + &0(%-/+ ,& ( &( S+ -($ & -''&7&%-)&$ ( & 0&&+$ -,;%-+$? ,&)-,+ ( & $ ,-$&>+ + &$% ,&%&'-(,+ &$%'-%(&%& 7+' & ,-0+ 0&;%-+? $-+ 7+' 7&&>($ /('-()&$ & ($ +&%'(-+&$ ,& (%+' ,& '&--&%+ < & ($ +'+($ +(-=(,($ ,&%'+ ,& +$ %&*-,+$. E -$+ -,-/-,+ ( &( ,& (,( + ,& $$ ,&,+$ &$ ,-&'&%&. I,&%--(- O,+%+0-( P+' &+ ( O,+%++0:( $& ,&$%(( & & &,-+ 7&'--( ++ ( -&-( 7&(&%& (7(-%(,( 7('( +'&&' ,(%+$ & ( -,&%--(- ,& &'7+$? 7&$ + $++ & (7('(%+ &$%+(%+0%-+? $-+ %()-; ($ ('(%&':$%-($ ,& '&+ 7&,& +'&&' &&&%+$ /(-+$+$ 7('( & 7'+&$+ ,& -,&%--(-. T+( ,& R&'$+$ P('( & & 7'+&$+ ,& -,&%--(- 7+' +$ ,-&%&$ $&( &&%-/+? &$ &&$('-( ( )&( ,+&%(- ,& %'(%(-&%+ '&(-=(,+ & (,( 7(-&%& < ,& ($ (+%(-+&$ &*&%(,($ 7+' & +,+%+0+ ++ +$ +,+%+0'(($? +%'+ '&'$+ ,& 0'( /(+' &$ ( %+( '(,-+0'-(. T'(%(-&%+$ D&%(&$ L( (<+' &%& ,& -+'(- 7('( /&'--(- ,& ( -,&%-,(, ,& (,/&'? &$ ( +)%&- ,& ,(%+$ ++'& ( &$%+$? $+)'& & -/& $+-+&+-+ < %'( ,& ( /:%-( < ( $ /&= ( 7&'$7&%-/( ,& +)%&&' &&&%+$ ,& +%&*+ + +$ +,+%+0'(($ & -$%+'-($ :-($ '&(-=(,+ 7+' +$ O,+%+0+$ ( +&%+ ,& '&(-=('+$. L+$ $ ('(%&':$%-+$ (7'&-()&$ ( $-7& /-$%( $+H P'%&$-$? &+,+-( < +'%+,+-(. S& -%&0'( &&&%+$ :-+$ ( ( -,&%--(- +'&$&? %(&$ ++H R(,-+0'(:( C&(+;%'-( ,& ,-(0$%-+. :-+. M+,&+$ ,& &$%,-+ & <&$+. E$%,-+$ ,& $&0--&%+. D(%+$H L($ &($ ,-0-%(&$ $& %+( ,& +$ ,&,+$ :,-&$ ,& ()($ (+$? %(%+ 7+' ( ++,-,(, ( (7%'('($? ++ 7+'& &$%+$ ,&,+$ &$% &+$ 7'+7&$+$ & +$ 70('&$ ( $'-' (-,&%&$ & ,&*& -(%'-=. P++ %-&7+ ,&$7;$ ,& ,&$)'--&%+ ,& +$ '(<+$ #? & & -( ,& $-0+ #I#? < ( + ('0+ ,& $-0+ ##? & (-$-$ ,& '&0-$%'+$ ,&%(&$ (+7(>(,+$ 6
,& '(,-+0'(:($ (%& < 7+$%+'%& $& %+' ( &''(-&%( ,(&%( & & 7'+&$+ ,& -,&%--(- & O,+%++0:( L&0(. L($ +,--+&$ < ('(%&'&$ &$7&:-+$ ,& +$ &&&%+$ ,&%(&$ $+ -7'&$-,-)&? 7&$ +$ ,-&%&$ < $$ '&$%('(-+&$ $+ '&$-$%&%&$ ( &0+ < ( +%'($ (%&'(-+&$ & 7&,& (+%&&' ,&$7;$ ,& ( &'%& ,& -,-/-,+
$# DELIMITACION DE LOS O$JETI&OS 1# O$JETI&O GENERAL I,&%--(' < ((-=(' +$ $-$%&($ ,& -,&%--(- (( 2# O$JETI&OS ESPECIFICOS •
•
D&%&'-(' +$ +&7%+$ < ($--(- ,& $-$%&($ ,&
•
-,&%--(- (( C++ $& ,&$(''+( (,( ( ,& ($ ($&$ ,& -,&%--(- ((
C. JUSTIFICACION E IMPORTANCIA 1# JUSTIFICACION E$%& %'()(*+ $& *$%--( & & & $-$%&( ,& -,&%--(- (( &$ & +*%+ ,& ++--&%+$? ()--,(,&$ < +7&%&-($ & 7+$&& ( 7&'$+( & 7&,& 7+$-)--%(' ,&$&7&>+ &-%+$+ & +%'+$ 7&$%+$ ,& ( O'0(-=(-. L( '&+$%'- + '&7'+,- '(&+(-( $- )($& $&( $& +)$&'/( & ( &$%'( (%-0( ,& ($ ,-&'&%&$ -/--=(-+&$ + ('(%&':$%-($ '&-0-+$+ + &'('-+ ( %'(/;$ ,& ( &()+'(- < '&0-$%'+ ,& -0'($ + -0&&$ 7$%-($ & +)'& ( 7($(,+ $ -$%+'-(? ('%&? +$%)'& < +'($ ,& /-,(. A%(&%& &$($ '&7'+,-+&$ + '&+$%'-+&$ '(&+(-(&$ $& 7'(%-( + -&$ ,&+'(%-/+$ + & ( -/&$%-0(- -&%:-( '--(.
2# IMPORTANCIA
7
S -7+'%(-( '(,-( & -,&%--(' ( ( 7&'$+( ,& (&',+ ( +$ ,-&'&%&$ $-$%&($ & 7'&$&%( ( '--(:$%-( ( -,&%--(- ((.
D# LIMITACIONES
•
E$ ( 7'&'( ,& %-&7+ < & +,+ ,& 7+,&' 7'&$&%(' &$%( ++0'(:(
•
%+(,+ & &%( +$ 7('&%'+$ &-0-,+$ 7+' ( I$%-%- S& -=+ $+ ,& ;%+,+ ,&$'-7%-/+ &7-(%-/+ 7('( 7+,&' ++&' < 7-' + +$ +)*&%-/+$ 7(%&(,+$.
8
CAPITULO II MARCO TEORICO DOCTRINARIO A# ANTECEDENTES ( E & $-0+ VIII –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
$# $ASES TEORIC%S IDENTIFICACION HUMANA EN CRIMINALISTICA @L( &( ,& C'-&H M;%+,+$ < T;-($ ,& I/&$%-0(- C'--( & E$7(>( %%7H(&(,&'-&.)+0$7+%.+ &$ & %:%+ ,& (0:-+ '$+ & ( +'0(-=(,+ & I$%-%%+ ,& C'--++0:( ,& ( USC? ,&$(''+(,+ &%'& +$ ,:($ 9 < 13 ,& *-+ ,& 2"? < & & & $& ,-&'+ -%( 32 (+$ < ($&,-+ &%&(' ,& 7+&%&$ ,& (%:$-+ -/& 7'+&,&%&$? ,(&%(&%&? ,& )-%+ -/&'$-%('-+ < ,& ($ F&'=($ < C&'7+$ ,& S&0'-,(, ,& E$%(,+. L( (-,(, ,& +%&-,+ ,+&%&? ( 0'( (%-,(, ,& (%&'-( -7('%-,( < & -,,()& 7'&$%-0-+ ,& +$ +&'&-(%&$? &'&& (7-+ %&%+
9
'&+7-(%+'-+ & '&+*( & +%&-,+ ,& (,( ( ,& ($ 7+&-($? & 7+,':( $&'/-' ,& '&&'&-( ,& &$%,-+ 7('( 7'+&$-+(&$ ,& ($ -&-($ 7+--(&$. C+ & 7'&$&%& ('%:+? + 7'&%&,&+$ $7-' ( &-+(,( %('&( '&+7-(%+'-(? - +'&&' ( '-( '++0-( &($%-/( ,& '$+? - '&(-=(' &'+ '&$& ,& ($ 7+&-($ &7&$%($ &'&+$ (7'+/&(' &$%( (0:-( +7+'%-,(, 7('(? ,&$,& ( 7&'$7&%-/( ,-/0(%-/(? + &&%( ,& -&%---,(,? +$%'(' (0+$ ,& +$ %-+$ (/(&$ & & %&''&+ ,& ( -/&$%-0(- '--( < '&7($(' +&7%+$ ,& -%&';$ 7('( %+,+$ (&+$ ( -&&$ &$ -%&'&$& ( -&-( 7+--(.
CRIMINALÍSTICA E IDENTIFICACIÓN L( C'--(:$%-(? %;'-+ '&(,+ ( -(&$ ,& $-0+ #I# 7+' & *&= ($%'-(+ ($ G'+$$? &$ ,&--,( 7+' N-&%+ A+$+ ++ @(&( ,-$-7-( &(-(,( ( ( ,&%&'-(- ,& ( &-$%&-( ,& &+ '--(? ( ( '&+0-,( ,& 7'&)($ & -,--+$ < ( ( -,&%--(- ,& +$ (%+'&$ &,-(%& ( (7-(- ,& ;%+,+$ -&%:-+$ ,& ()+'(%+'-+? ($: ++ ( ( &()+'(- ,& +$ -+'&$ 7&'--(&$ +''&$7+,-&%&$.
D&%'+ ,& &$%( (7-( ,&---? < ,(,+ & $&':( &&$-/(&%& ()--+$+ ()+',('? & & &$7(-+ & +'&& ('%:+ ,-/0(%-/+? %+,($ ($ %;-($ '--(:$%-($ 7+$-)&$? +$ &%'('&+$ & ( -,&%--(- ,& 7&'$+($? <
10
7('( &+ $&0-'&+$? (& ,& +'( -)'& < + &($%-/(? ( 7(%( ('(,( 7+' (0($ ,& ($ +&'&-($ -7('%-,($ & & '$+ ,& S(%-(0+.
IDENTIFICACION HUMANA T+,( 7&'$+( &$ -0( ( $: -$( < ,-$%-%( ,& %+,+$ +$ ,&$ &-( & 7'--7-+ ,& -,&%-,(,. E$%& 7'--7-+ &$ 0&&'(&%& (%'-)-,+ ( A'-$%%&&$? 7&'+ + &-$%& -0( '&&'&-( ( ; ($%( T+$ ,& A-+. A$+-(,+ '&&%&&%& < & '&(- + +$ 7'--7-+$ ,& + +%'(,-- < ,& %&'&'+ &-,+? & 7'--7-+ ,& -,&%-,(, +$ ,-& & &$ 7+$-)& -,&%--(' ( 7&'$+( )($,++$ & $$ ('(%&':$%-($ -($ & ( ,-$%-0& ,& %+,+$ +$ ,&$. D& (%: @-,&%-%($? ( -,&%-,(, &$ & +*%+ ,& +$ '($0+$ 7'+7-+$ ,& -,-/-,+. E &$%& $&%-,+? ( -,&( ,& -,&%-,(, $& ($+-(,( + +0'(' ,&%&'-(' -; &$ -;. L( C'--(:$%-(? ,'(%& +$ $-0+$ $& 7'&+7 7+' +0'(' ( -,&%-,(, ,& ($ 7&'$+($? +'-0-(&%& $+)'& +$ ,&-&%&$ < ,&$7;$ 0'(-($ ( J( V&%-? ( &&$-,(, < $ (7-(- $& %'($(, ( ( $+-&,(, %+,(.
11
P+' +%'( 7('%& ( ( C'--(:$%-( $-&7'& & 7'&+7 +0'(' ( -,&%-,(, ,& ( 7&'$+(? (,+ ;$%(? %'($ &+ '--( + (-,&%( + ()(,+(,( ( &$&( ,& &+? '&$%()( ,&$++-,(. M+$ ;%+,+$ $'0-&'+? +$ $ -(-)&$ & +%'+$? &%'& +$ & 7+,&+$ +)'(' ( D(%-+$+7:( ++ & $ -/&'$( < &-(=? &0+? %+(,+ $$ -$+$ 7'--7-+$ & $-0& ( P&(%+$+7:( 7(%( ,& +$ 7-&$? P((&%+$+7:( 7(( ,& ($ (+$ ( O,+%++0:(? & ADN & -,+ ,&$+-'-)+&-+? ( &-+$+7:(? ( -,&%--(- ( %'(/;$ ,& -'-$? < +$ +%'+$ ;%+,+$ $. A%(&%&? -&%:-+$ ,& ( U-/&'$-,(, ,& C++'(,+ & B+,&'? ( &+%'(,+ ;%+,+ 7('( -,&%--(' 7&'$+($ ( %'(/;$ ,& ($ )(%&'-($. S&0 & &$%,-+ $& ( ,&%&'-(,+ & ($ +-,(,&$ )(%&'-(($ & (,( 7&'$+( 7+$&& < & ,&*( ,&7+$-%(,( & +$ +)*&%+$ & ( (-7(,+? $+ -($? + & 7&'-%-':( $ -,&%--(- -&:/+( & -%&%( &$%()&&' $- (0 ,:( 7+,':( &-7('('$& ( ( -,&%--(- ( %'(/;$ ,& ADN < ($ &($ ,(%-('&$ ++ 7('%& ,& +*%+ ,& &''(-&%($ +'&$&$ 7('( ( -,&%--(- ((.
1. SISTEMAS DE IDENTIFICACIQN UMANA
12
D-$-7-( 7+' &,-+ ,& ( ( $& +7('( +$ '($0+$ &%&'-+'&$ ,& ( ,-/-$- %'-7('%-%( ,& '+$%'+ (+? '&/&(,+$ & ( +%+0'(:( + ,-)*+ &()+'(,+ ( (+ + 7+' +7%(,+'(? + +$ ,(%+$ +--,&%&$ < + +--,&%&$ ,& -,-/-,+ ( -,&%--('.
P'+7$-%+.
I,&%--(' -$+-( < +'+0-(&%& ( 7&'$+($.
13
2# RETRATO HA$LADO#
D-$-7-( (--(' ,& ( C'--(:$%-( + ( ( $& +)%-&& -0&&$ 7+' &,-+ ,& ( ,&$'-7- -$+-( /&'%-,( 7+' %&$%-0+$ 7'&$&-(&$ ,& +$ &+$. P'+7$-%+. E '&%'(%+ ()(,+ ,&)&+$ ($--('+ (,&$ ++ ( $),-/-$- ,& (
-,&%--(-
7&'$+(
,-'-0-,( ( (
14
,&%&'-(- ,&
($
('(%&':$%-($ :$-($ ,& 7'&$%+ ,&-&%&? 0&&'(&%& ( ($ -$-+0-($.
3. GENTICA
C-&-( %-,-$-7-('-( & ()('( +$ ++--&%+$ ,& )-++0:( +&('? )-+:-( < 0&;%-( (7-(,+$ 7('( &$%()&&' ( -,&%-,(, ,& ( 7&'$+(.
P'+7$-%+. 15
E$%()&&' ( -,&%-,(, ,& ( 7&'$+( ( %'(/;$ ,& +$ 7&'-&$ 0&;%-+$? +)%&-,+$ ,& ($ &$%'($ +'&$&$? -,+$ )-+0-+$ < '&$%+$ ((%-+$? --,+$ ,-&%&$ < &$+$ ($: ++ ,&%&'-(' & 7('&%&$+ )-+0-+ & 7(,'& < (,'&? & +'-0& )-+0-+ ,& ($ &$%'($ ,& ,&-%+$ $&(&$ < & $&+ )-+0-+ & $& $+--%( ,& '&$%+$ + &$%'($ +'&$&$.
4. AN!LISIS DE VOZ AUDIO VIDO
16
S& %'(%( ,& &$%,-+ ,& ($ ('(%&':$%-($ +;%-($ < &$7&%'(&$ ,& ( /+= < +$ $+-,+$ $+)'& ($ (&$ $& )$( '&(-+(' +$ &&&%+$ $&&*(%&$ 7('( -,&%--(' + ,&$('%(' $ +'-0&. E (%+ ( (-$-$ ,& (,-+? &,-(%& & &$%,-+ %&+0-+ < &$7&%'(? & (-$-$ ,& (,-+ &$ %()-; ( ,-$-7-( (--(' & ( -/&$%-0(- ,& ,&-%+$. E (-$-$ ,& /-,&+ $& %'(%( ,& ( (%-/-,(, 7&'--( & 7&'-%& '&0-$%'(' & /-,&+ ( -$7&- --$%&'-( + $& &('0( ,& -,&%--(' ( +'-0-(-,(, ,& ( 0'()(- & /-,&+.
P'+7$-%+.
L+0'(' ( -,&%--(- ,& -,-/-,+ &,-(%& & (-$-$ +7('(%-/+ ,& ,+$ + $ &-$-+&$ ,& /+= ( %'(/;$ ,& $ &$%,-+ -&%:-+. E (-$-$ ,& (,-+ 7&'-%& -,&%--(' $+-,+ + '-,+ < ,&%&'-(' $ -%&$-,(,? +'-0& < $- & %+,+ ($+ $& &&%'( (%&'(,( + + ( 0'()(- -/+'(,( & 7'&$%+ &+ ,&-%-/+. M&,-(%& & (-$-$ ,& /-,&+ $& 7&,& ,&%&'-(' ( +'-0-(-,(, ,& /-,&+? +''&0-' (0($ ,& $$ ('(%&':$%-($ ( - ,& (--%(' (0 -,--+ & & ; $& (7'&-&.
'# ANTROPOLOGIA FORENSE C-&-( & &$%,-( ( -,&%--(- ,& +$ &'7+$? &,-(%& &,-,($ < ('(%&':$%-($ ,& &'7+$ (+$ '&-&%&$ + ,& %-&7+? &$%( -&-( &$ %- & & ((=0+ ,& +$(&%($ (($? /&'--(,+ $- $+ ,& $&' (+ + (-(.
17
TIPOS DE CADA&ERES# • • • • • • • •
R&-&%&$ P%'&(%+$ M+--(,+$ '&$%+$ +$&+$ -%&0'+$ -+7&%+$ '(0&%(,+$ &(,+$
6. ANTROPOLOGIA FORENSE. $& &('0( ,& ( -,&%--(- ,& '&$%+$ (+$ &$&&%-=(,+$ ,(,+ $ (7-( '&(- + ( )-++0:( < /('-()--,(, ,& &$&&%+ (+.
TECNICAS DE IDENTIFIACION FORENSE: • • • • • •
M;%'-($ D&'+7(7-+$+7-($ E$%+(%+0-($ :-($ F+%+0'-($ R(,-+0-($ 18
•
P$%-($
RECONSTRUCCION CRANEO FACIAL E$ ( (%-/-,(, -&%:-(? %;-( < ('%:$%-( < 7('%& &$&-( ,& ( -,&%--(- ,& 7&'$+($ & (,/&'&$ &$7&-(&$. S& %--=( ++ %-+ '&'$+ & ( -,&%--(- ,& 7&'$+($ (&-,($? ( ( +$-$%& & '&()--%(' < '&+$%'-' & %&*-,+ )(,+ ,& '+$%'+ (+ &$%( %;-( &$7&-(-=(,( &$ ( &('0(,( ,& '&'&(' )-,-&$-+(&%& < %'-,-&$-+(&%& ( (7('-&-( ,& +$ '($0+$ 7('%-('&$ (-( ,& ( 7&'$+( + $*&%+ & /-,(? )($(,( & ( -+'(- ,& +$ ,-%&&$ %-,-$-7-('-+$ & &-%& +$ &$7&-(-$%($ & &/( '&(- ,-'&%( + & ($+? ++ $+H '--(:$%-( ,& (7+? -,&%--(- ,& 7&'$+($? +%+0'(:(? :-(? +,+%++0:(? (%'+7++0:(? &,--( +'&$&? ADN? &%. F-(-,(,. 7&(&%& + &$%($ %;-($ -&%:-($ < ('%:$%-($ ( ($ 7&'$+($ (&-,($ 7+' &,-+ ,& 7('%-('-,(,&$ -,-/-,(&$ ,& $$ &$+$. ". ESTOMATOLOGA FORENSE
E$ ( &$7&-(-,(, ,& ( O,+%++0:( & '&& +*%+ ,& ++--&%+$ ;,-+$? +,+%+0-+$? %;-+$ < -&%:-+$? 7'+7-($ ( &$( -&-(. E$ ( (7-(- ,& +$ ++--&%+$ +,+%+0-+$ + -&$ ,& -,&%--(- < %-&& %--,(, & & ,&'&+ L()+'(? C-/- < P&(. E$ ( '(( ,& ( +,+%++0:( & %'(%( ,& (&*+ < & &(& (,&(,+ ,& ( &/-,&-( ,&%( < ,& ( /(+'(- < ( 7'&$&%(- ,& +$ ((=0+$ ,&%(&$? & 7&,( %&&' -%&';$ 7+' 7('%& ,& ( *$%--(. L( +,+%++0:( +'&$& &$ < -7+'%(%& < ()('( %&($ '&&/(%&$ 7('( ($ -/&$%-0(-+&$ *,--(&$ %(&$ ++H ,-%&&$ ,& &,(,?
19
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
P'+7$-%+.
20
D&%&'-(' ( -,&%-,(, ,& ($ 7&'$+($ &,-(%& ( (7-(- ,& +$ ++--&%+$ ,& ( -&-( +,+%+0-( < $$ ,-$%-%($ &$7&-(-,(,&$? ($: ++ 7+' &,-+ ,& (-$-$ ,& ( (/-,(, )( & $ %+%(-,(,.
8. GRAFOLOGA
L( 0'(++0:( &$ ( ,-$-7-( & ((-=( ( &$'-%'( + & - ,& -,&%--(' + ,&$'-)-' ( 7&'$+(-,(, ,& -,-/-,+ & -%&%(' ,&%&'-(' ('(%&':$%-($ 0&&'(&$ ,& ('%&'. S& ,-&'&-( ,& ( G'(+$+7:(? <( &$%( $&0,( ,&%&'-( (%&%--,(, + ($&,(,.
P'+7$-%+.
A(-=( 7+' &,-+ ,& ( &$'-%'( ,&%(&$ ,& ('%&' (&'( ,& $ &--)'-+ &%( & -$+ -$-+0-+? ( (%'(&=( ,& $$ &+-+&$? 21
$ %-7+ ,& -%&-0&-( < (7%-%,&$ 7'+&$-+(&$ $&0 (0+$ 0'(+0+$? $&'/-':( 7('( ,-(0+$%-(' & 0'(,+ ,& $(, + &&'&,(, :$-( < &%(.
9. VALUACIQN.
E$ ( ,-$-7-( ,& ( C'--(:$%-( & $& +7( ,& ,&%&'-(' & /(+' -%':$&+ + +&'-( ,& %+,+$ +$ +)*&%+$ 7('%--7(%&$ & ,&-%+ + 7&'%&&-&%&$ ( 7'&$%+ 7()& ,& ,&-%+.
22
P'+7$-%+.
E$%()&&' &,-(%& ,(%+$ %;-+$ < & (-$-$ < /(+'(- ,& -&'%+$ (%+'&$? & /(+' ,& +$ )-&&$ &)&$ '&(-+(,+$ + &+ ,&-%-/+ + 7'+7-&,(, ,& 7'&$%+ 7()& ,& ,&-%+
1.DACTILOSCOPA
D-$-7-( & -,&%--( ( ($ 7&'$+($ 7+' &,-+ ,& $$ 7(7-($ ,(%-('&$? 7'--7(&%& & ($ <&($ ,& +$ ,&,+$ ,& ($ (+$? +$-,&'(,( ++ ( ,& ($ $ -,)-%()&$ ,&)-,+ $ '&(- &(%( &%'& &($ ,&*(,($ & 0(' ,& +$ &+$ < $ (%+'.
P'+7$-%+.
23
D&%&'-(' ,& (&'( -,)-%()& ( -,&%-,(, ,& ($ 7&'$+($ /-/($ + &'%($? ( %'(/;$ ,& &$%,-+ ,& +$ %-7+$ ,(&%(&$? 7%+$ ('(%&':$%-+$ < ,&$ &&&%+$ & ++'( +$ ,(%-+0'(($.
11. MEDICNA
E$ ( &$7&-(-,(, ,& ( M&,--( & '&& +*%+ ,& ++--&%+$ ;,-+$? %;-+$ < -&%:-+$? (7-()&$ & ($ ,-$%-%($ '&($ ,& D&'&+.
24
P'+7$-%+
D&%&'-( & +'-0& ,& ($ &$-+&$ $'-,($ 7+' &'-,+ +? &$7&-(&%&? ( ($( ,& ( &'%& &,-(%& & &(& ,& (,/&'. A$: -$+? 7&,& &0(' ( &/((' ( ()+' ,& +%'+$ M;,-+$ ( - ,& ,&%&'-(' $- &-$%& -(%'+0&-( + + & $ &*&'--+ 7'+&$-+(. T+,+ + (%&'-+' %&,-&%& ( (--(' ( +$ &('0(,+$ ,& 7'+'(' < (,--$%'(' *$%--( & ( ,-- ,& 7'&$%+ &/&%+ ,&-%-/+.
12.INFORM!TICA FORENSE
C+*%+ ,& ++--&%+$ %;-+$? -&%:-+$ < '--(:$%-+$ %--=(,+$ & (&($ -/&$%-0(-+&$ & & &-$%& &-7+ ,& 7%+ '&(-+(,+ + &+ 7'&$%(&%& ,&-%+$+? <( $&( ++ &,-+ +-$-/+ + )-& (,+ $& /-+&%( ($ 7('%&$ 0-($ < :$-($ ,& -$+. 25
P'+7$-%+.
I,&%--(' -,--+$ ,-0-%(&$? 7'&$&'/('+$ < %'(,-'+$ ( &0(*& + ( - ,& +/&'%-'+$ & ( &/-,&-( ,& &+ ,&-%-/+ & 7+' $ +7&*-,(, &$ -,-$7&$()& & & '$+ ,& ( (/&'-0(- 7'&/-( + *--+? +,%($ +&%-,($ <( $&( & I%&'&% + 7+' &,-+ $-$%&($ +7%(-+(&$.
26
1(#IDENTIFICACION CONDUCTUAL E %;'-+$ 0&&'(&$? +$&$(&%& $& &%-&,& & ( P$-++0:( &$ ( -&-( & $& +7( ,& &$%,-+ ,& +7+'%(-&%+ (+ < +$ 7'+&$+$ &%(&$. D&$,& + (%&$ & ,&/--&'( ++ &'7+ -&%:-+ (%++? &$7&-(&%& ,& ( (+ ,& -& ,% & 18"8? +%'+$ &$%,-+$+$ ,-&'+ &%( 7'&/-( ,& ( &&$-,(, ,& -+'7+'(' ( &$%,-+ ,& ,&-%+ < +$ ,&-&%&$ +&7-+&$ )($(,($ & ,&$(''++$ 7$-+0-+$? 7+' &*&7+ J+( +)(&' < $ 7)-(- ,& 188 ,& L( P$-++0:( & $$ 7'--7(&$ (7-(-+&$ ( ( (,--$%'(- ,& *$%--( + J. B. F'-&,'- + & M(( S-$%&%-+ ,& ( P$-++0:( J,--( ,& 1835.
27
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–& <( '&&+$? $7&'(,+$ 7+' G(''-,+? S%(0&(, < R&,+,+ & $$ P'--7-+$ ,& C'--++0:( 1999. E %( $&%-,+ < $- 7'&%&,&' &'%&=($? 7&'+ %(7++ (+0,++$ & 7'+,-,(,&$ '&%'-($? (,&'-+$ ( ($ -,&($ & 7'+&/& ++ )($& ,& ( 28
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
&)*+)-.-/: D&$,& ;$%( +$ +7(+$ ,& %+,+ (%+ ,-0( '&(- + ( 7&'$+( +&,-,( < $ 7&'- /-%-+0-+? $ -$%+'-(? $$ )-%+$? ($ '%-($? +$ +-%+$ /-%(&$ & -%&'7&'$+(&$ -%&%(,+ '&$7+,&' 7+' ; &$( /:%-( < + +%'( '&$% $&' (
(&%(,( ,& ,&-%+. S)+)- 3. 45*34- 34*37 3. *8)37, 37 -+84 7-37*.+5849: L+ +7'&,&+$ ++ (& 0(' < $ '&,&,+' & & & +''& &+ (%&'-( ,& -/&$%-0(- 7+--( < $$ '(--(-+&$ 7'+)()&$ R+,':0&=? 1991? + ;($-$ & & %-7+ ,& $-%-+ ,& $&$+? & +%&%+ ()-&%( ,& ;$%&? $$ +,--+&$ ,& (&$-)--,(, < 0&+0'(:( %+,+ + ( +$ ,&)& &/(' ( ( +7'&$- ,& 7+' ; & ,&-%+ $& +&%- & &$& 0(' < + &
29
+%'+? ($: ++ 7+' ; ,-+ &$&('-+ & & &&0-,+ 7+' &
,&-&%& 7('( $ (-. C8))7-)7)* 3. 3.)+-: S& '&-&'& ( +$ ,&$7-&0&$ (%-/+$ + 7($-/+$ ,& (0'&$+' < ( /:%-( (%&$? ,'(%& < ,&$7;$ ,& +&%-,+ & &+? /-$(-=,++ ++ 7'+&$+ & -%&%(,+ ,&/&('
( (&'(
&
&
,--(&%&
+''-&'+
+$
(+%&--&%+$ (%&'-( ,& -/&$%-0(-? '&'&,++$ ,&$,& ($ &/-,&-($ :$-($ < +,%(&$? ($: ++ ,&$,& +$ %&$%-+-+$
+)%&-,+$. E;3*+-4 3. 3.)+-: L($ +$&&-($ < '&$%(,+$ ,& &+ ,&-%-/+? %(%+ (%&'-(&$ –:$-+$ ++ +,%(&$? <( $&( & ( /:%-( –7(%'-+-+ (&%(,+? &$-+++0:(? (%+7$-(? &%. ++ 7('( & 7'+7-+ +&$+' -%&%(,+ ,&/&(' & 7('( ;? + ( %--,(, ,& ,&-%+.
C# $ASE LEGAL E. )74+)+5+- 3 M3)*)7 L3/. 3. P38< F& '&(,+ & 23 ,& M(<+ ,& 1985 7+' L&< 24128 + & +)'& ,& L&-,($ A/&,(>+ U'&%(? ++ +'0(-$+ 7)-+ E I$%-%%+ ,& M&,--( L&0( ,& P&' & '&(,+ & 23 ,& (<+ ,& 1985 7+' L&< 24128 + & +)'& ,& L&-,($ A/&,(>+ U'&%(? ++ +'0(-$+ 7)-+ ,&$&%'(-=(,+ ,& S&%+' J$%--( < $& & ($-0 +$ $-0-&%&$ -&$H ( E-%-' ,-%&&$ 7&'--(&$ -&%:-+$ < %;-+$ &$7&-(-=(,+$ (,+ &$& '&&'-,+ 7+' & P+,&' J,--( < & M--$%&'-+ P)-+. ) C+()+'(' + ($ F(%(,&$ ,& M&,--( < ,& D&'&+ & ( +'(- -%&0'( &$7&-(-=(,( < ,&$(''+(' (%-/-,(,&$ ,& (7(-%(-. P+$%&'-+'&%& < ,& ++'-,(, + + ,-$7&$%+ 7+' & D&'&%+ L&< 25593 L&< O'0-( ,& S&%+' J$%--(? & %'($&'-,+ ( M--$%&'-+ P)-+ < 7+' D&'&%+ S7'&+ N'+. 993 & -+'7+'(,+ ( ( &/( &$%'%'(
30
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
L3= 26>?@ A'%:+ 1. C';($& & R&0-$%'+ N(-+( ,& I,&%--(- < E$%(,+ C-/-? + (''&0+ ( (,(%+ ,& +$ A'%:+$ 1"" < 183 ,& ( C+$%-%- P+:%-( ,& P&'. E '&0-$%'+ &$ +'0(-$+ (%++ & &%( + 7&'$+&':( *':,-( ,&
,&'&+ 7)-+ -%&'+ < 0+=( ,& (%'-)-+&$ & (%&'-(
'&0-$%'(? %;-(? (,--$%'(%-/(? &+-( < -(-&'(. A'%:+ 33. E & 7'-&' &*&7(' ,& D+&%+ N(-+( ,& I,&%-,(, N(-+( D.N.I & $& &-%(? +$%('? (,&$ ,& +$ ,(%+$ +$-0(,+$ & & ('%:+ (%&'-+'? ( -,&%--(- 7&(%+$7-( ,& '&-; (-,+. E $$%-%- ,& ( &( ,(%-(' < ( -'( ,& %-%(' $& +$-0(' ( ,& + ,& +$ 7(,'&$? +$ %%+'&$? 0(',(,+'&$ + -&&$ &*&'=( ( %&&-( ,& '&-; (-,+.
D# DEFINICION DE TERMINOS 1.
A7+8--3+8: -,& < '&$&>( ($ 7('%&$ &&$('-($ ,& &'7+ (+? + +)*&%+ ,& -,&%--(' ( 7&'$+($ /-/($ + &'%($ < 7('( +'(' &,-($ --(-+&$.
31
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
&
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0'( 32
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,&
7('%-('-,(,&$
-$+-($ ++ ()&+? '&%&? &*($? +*+$? ('-=? )+(? &%? + ( -(-,(, ,& -,&%--(' 7&'$+($ + $+$7&+$+$. 11. E7+--.-/) ;-83743: &$%,-( %+,+$ +$ %&*-,+$ < '0(+$ ,'+$ < )(,+$ ,& ( (/-,(, )( 7('( &&%+$ ,& -,&%--(-. N+ %( $++ &$%,-( +$ '0(+$ ,&%('-+$? $-+ %+,+$ +$ -,--+$ ,& (7('(%+ &$%+(%+0(%-+ 7('( &$%()&&' $&+? &,(,? 0'7+ '(-(? +7(-? -/& $+-+&+-+ < 0(' ,& +'-0&
33
CAPITULO III ANALISIS LOS INICIOS DE LA DACTILOSCOPÍA EN EL PERÚ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
INSPECTOR CARLOS RAMIREZ NUEZ A 7('%-' ,& 1938? & S-$%&( D(%-+$7-+ E$7(>+? $'& +,--(-+&$? ( +$&&-( ,& ( 7'%-( < +)$&'/(-+&$ '&(-=(,( 7+' 7&'-%+$ 7&'(+$? & +&=('+ ( $-+(' &$%($ &7&'-&-($ ( $-$%&( ,(%-+$7-+ &$7(>+? &7*(,+$ 7+' ( &&$-,(, ,& '&$+/&' &'+$+$ 7'+)&($ ,& -,&%--(- ((. @T+,( 7+-:( ,&)& /(&'$& ,& ( C'--(:$%-( 7('( ,&$)'-' & ,&-%+. E '&&',+ '&$(%( ( I$7&%+' A,';$ M+0'+/&*+ R+$7-0-+$-? (%+' ,& ( O)'( @N+-+&$ E&&%(&$ ,& D(%-+$+7:( & G&&'( M(& L&=(( I)>&=? 35
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
36
CONCLUSIONES
1. L( -,&%--(- 7('%& ,& 7'--7-+ ,& & + (< & & ,+ ,+$ +$($ 7'+,%+ ,& ( (%'(&=( & $&( ()$+%(&%& -0(&$. L( -,&%--(- &$ ( /&',(, &/-,&%& & 7+' $- -$( 7&'-%& ($&/&'(' & %+,+ $&' &$ -0( ( $: -$+ < + 7&,& $&' -0( ( +%'+. 2. L( -&-( < & ,&$(''++ %&+0-+? ( -+'7+'(,+ ( ( -/&$%-0(- +'&$& &/+$ -$%'&%+$ (7(&$ ,& '&$+/&' 7'+)&($ (,( /&= $
7'+,+$?
<
&
+$&&-(?
$
%'($&,&%&$.
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
37
'-0'+$( < +'(&%& $& ,&)& $ ( ( &-0&-( & & 7(0+ ,& ( +%( & ( 7'+)&($ ,& $&0'-,(, 7.
38
RECOMENDACIONES
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
39
$I$LIOGRAFIA
1. C+$%-%- P+:%-( ,& P&'. 2. R&0(&%+ ,& T'($(,+ < C+,- ,& I7(,+$. 3. M(( ,& P'+&,--&%+$ P+--(&$ ,& ( PNP26. 4. %%7H'&/-$%(%&($.)+0$7+%.+2141'--(-$%-( -,&%--(-+((.% 5. %%7H(&(')((.)+0$7+%.+2"12'--($%-((7-(,(( -,&%--(-.% 6. %%7H&$.$'-),.+,+1149854S-$%&($,&I,&%--(-+ ((RA$%+'0(DLT ". %%7HXXX.-(-+.+'0.-,&.77&$%+(%++0-(+'&$& 8. %%7H&$.$'-),.+,+35212816S-$%&($,&I,&%--(-+ ((
40